第一篇:新東方考研近義詞及高頻詞總結(jié)(全)
predominance-----advantage,upside handcap------disadvantage at a loss------puzzle,confuse diminish-----lessen assault----attack sly----clever, hidden ample----abundant get on in life----succeed swiftly----quickly frown on-----disagree contention-------argue,debate find fault with-----criticize beyond disbute----believing stationary-------standstill detrimental-------harmful affiliate-----branch disregard------neglect,overlook in sympathy with----agree with perish----die, disappear properous----flourish panick----fearful for sure---certainly outrage---indignation, grievance surge-----soar shield----shelter,protect resort to---turn to weather-----experience rather than-----other than keep abreast of-----catch on well off----wealthy infringement------harm deceive-----deceptive side with----support liability----responsibility likewise-----similarly tedious---monotonous,boring toil---work hard(辛苦地工作)
apart from-----except ,in addition to proponent------sponsor ,supporter free from------without question--------challenge ,defy precision--------accuracy, exact tilt---------slope ,lean toward one side cater to------fit suit personal-------individual, private eventually-----finally by virtue of------due to, owing to possess----------own, share postpone---------delay outweigh----------surpass proof------evidence enhance-----------strengthen advance----------raise , move forward identify--------recognize rash----------increase ,large number debate---------controversy condition-------control, influence allegiance--------loyalty abandon--------give up ,desert superficial--------not deep ,on the surface absorb---------take in, comprehend temporary----------short termed coordinated----------cooperative hazard--------danger soar------go up ,expand ,rocket stand out--------popular, outstanding distrust-------suspect, doubt get acquainted with--------be familial with concern--------worry try out-------investigate intelligent-------gifted focus on--------concentrate on, emphasize ward off---------stop, prevent hospitable--------friendly inclined-----------tend to ,likely protect---------shelter, shield vanish-------disappear emerge----------appear, turn up be aware of-------be conscious of distinguish from--------differ from involve--------include emphasize---------stress rely on-------depend on be conditioned to------be accustomed to lack of-------lose distract--------draw attention from substitute------replace advocate-------support, sponsor adolescent-------teenager decline-------drop, cut, lower,shrink,curb,lessen,diminish,decelerate deceive--------deceitful, deceptive, dishonest on the line,on the ropes-------in danger employee------staff, worker drown--------die under the water new-----novel sufficient-----abundant cause--------bring about yearly-------annual same--------identical expect------anticipate overcome------conquer unwilling-------reluctant permanent-----------everlasting be attached to-------be fond of take part in--------participate by chance-------by accident, accidentally vulnerable------easily affected scrutiny-------observe carefully aboard 這些詞匯是進(jìn)入考研閱讀的最基本詞匯,希望 abroad 大家認(rèn)真查閱他們的基本含義,可以不會(huì)寫,但是 absorb 必須要認(rèn)識(shí),知其意.abundant abuse accelerate access accommodation accord account accumulate accuse acquaintance acute adapt adjust admission adopt advantage advisable advocate afford aggressive agreeable alert alive allowance ally alternative ambition amuse annoy anxious appeal appetite approve applaud appliance ashamed assert assess attach attribute authentic awkward bald barrier bold ban bare behalf beneficial betray bid blame blank boom boost brake breed bump bulk burst cancel captive capture cautious challenge charge charity charming chop claim clarify clumsy coarse collapse commit compel competent complain compose compromise conceal concern condemn confess confidence confine confirm conflict confront confuse congratulate conscience conscious consider consistent constant contempt continual continuous contrary contribute controversial convenient convey convince cordial correspond crash critical crucial crush cultivate cunning curious curse dash dazzle deceive decent decline delay deliberate delight delicate denounce deprive deserve despise destine devote diminish discard discount discharge disguise disposal drain durable ease economical efficient elastic embarrass embrace emerge endure engage enhance enthusiasm entitle equivalent eventful eventually exceed excel exclusive exhaust explode exploit explore expose extend fare faculty facility fatal feasible feeble flexible flourish fond forge frighten fuss glare gloomy gracious grateful grant grieve grip guilty halt hasty heal hesitate highlight hijack/highjack hostile hinder hono(u)rable humble identical idle ignorant ignore immense immigrant immune implement imply impose indignant indispensable inevitable infect influence(influential)insight instant insure intellectual intensive intentional interference interval intimidate involve jealous jog keen kneel lame landscape leak lean lessen liable likewise loose lodge luggage luxury magnificent maintain manual margin marve(l)lous massive militia minor minute moderate moist moral mortal multiply naval naughty neutral neglect novel nuisance obscure obstacle odd occur offend option outcome owe overlook panic parade passion peep peer pension perceive perish permanent permission personnel plausible plunge pledge possess precaution preceding precise prefer preliminary presumably pretend prevail privilege proceed proclaim prominent proof provoke purpose puzzle queer quit quiver rage raw recall reinforce recession reckon reconcile recover recruit refresh refuge refute regarding regardless release relieve reluctant remind remove remote render repent reproach resemble resign resolve resort respectable respectful respective responsible restless restrict resume reveal revenge reward rigid rival ruin rumor rural sanction schedule scratch secure segment sensible sensitive sequence shame shabby sheer shriek shrink siege slip sly smart smash smuggle soak sober solemn sore sour sound span spare speculate spoil sprinkle staff stain startle steep sticky strain stumble stuff submit submerge substantial substitute successive sufficient suicide summit superficial superior supplement surrender survive suspect suspend sustain swift sympathy synthetic tackle tedious tempt tender terminal terror thereby threat thrill thrive thump timid tolerate toll transfer transform transmit transport trap triumph tropical tumble undergo underline undertake undo uniform utter vacant vague valid vanish verify vice vigor violate violent wander weary well-off whisper withdraw withstand witness wound wreck yield zealous private-enterprise market-oriented bid up embrace issue on the horizon keep track of accordingly exceptional substantially exert infection dormant drastic counteract laborious seemingly assertion account for dead end 絕境,死胡同,盡頭 follow through堅(jiān)持到完成 confine to win over touch on提及,涉及 enhance guarantee保證 subtly external encounter perceive indecisive timidity confront sociable overwhelming bombard facilitate inherent offspring profound soak up sensitivity aggressive dominate exclusively subsequent adaptive fade relief tight-lipped慎于言談的 routine likewise sketch tangible launch charter特許證 privilege enforcement initiative municipal detach dividend lockout discipline outburst single out premium arithmetic geometry acute stimulus parallel incentive beneficence ambiguous assemble emulation tactics deception distortion
1997年重點(diǎn)詞匯 閱讀理解部分: incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矯正地 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悅誠(chéng)服的 5 flashed vi.閃光, 閃現(xiàn), 反射, 使迅速 6 pick up v.掘地, 撿起, 獲得, 使恢復(fù)精神, 8 import n.意思, 重要性 vt.輸入, 進(jìn)口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入 9 sink in 被了解 implication n.牽連, 含意, 暗示 11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厲害的 12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走 14 euthanasia n.安樂死 15 dominoes 多米諾 17 diagnose v.診斷 terminally adv.末尾, 一定時(shí)期地 haunting adj.常浮現(xiàn)于腦海中的, 不易忘懷的 21 spiritual adj.精神上的 22 claw n.爪, 腳爪 v.抓 consistently 一貫地,一向,始終如一地 24 deserve vt.應(yīng)受, 值得 v.應(yīng)受 dull adj.感覺或理解遲鈍的,呆滯的, 陰暗的 vt.使遲鈍, 使陰暗, 緩和 vi.變遲鈍, 減少 28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒蕪的, 苛刻的 charitable adj.仁慈的,(為)慈善事業(yè)的,寬恕的 31 impulse n.推動(dòng), vt.推動(dòng)
weary adj.疲倦的, 疲勞 v.疲倦, 厭倦, 厭煩 33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 34 casual adj.偶然的, 不經(jīng)意的, 臨時(shí)的
interpret v.解釋, 說明, 口譯, 通譯, 認(rèn)為是...的意思 36 superficial adj.表面的, 膚淺的, 淺薄的 37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原產(chǎn)地的 39 complex adj.復(fù)雜的, 合成的, 綜合的 n.聯(lián)合體 40 assumption n.假定, 設(shè)想, 擔(dān)任, 承當(dāng), 假裝, 作態(tài) 41 interrelationship 相互關(guān)系[聯(lián)系, 影響], 干擾 42 fail to 未能..12.thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 顫動(dòng)的, 發(fā)抖的 21.defective adj.有缺陷的n.有缺陷的人, 1998年重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞組 閱讀理解部分
1.capture n.捕獲vt.俘獲3.at the mercy of adv.受...支配 4.fascinated vt.使著迷, 使神魂顛倒 vi.入迷, 極度迷人的 6.assert v.斷言, 聲稱
7.cement n.水泥, 接合劑 vt.接合鞏固 vi.粘牢 8.intended adj.有意的,已經(jīng)訂婚的 n已經(jīng)訂婚者 9.deprived adj.缺乏足夠教育的;缺少食物的 10.in return adv.作為報(bào)答 11.reservoir n.水庫, 蓄水池
12.contention n.爭(zhēng)奪, 爭(zhēng)論, 爭(zhēng)辯, 論點(diǎn) 13.bidding for n.命令, 出價(jià), 邀請(qǐng)
15.far from adv.遠(yuǎn)離, 遠(yuǎn)非, 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不, 完全不, 非但不 17.conflict n.斗爭(zhēng), 沖突 vi.抵觸, 沖突 18.hydroelectric adj.水力電氣的 19.irrigation n.灌溉, 沖
23.revival n.蘇醒, 復(fù)興, 復(fù)活, 再生效, 復(fù)蘇 26.assume vt.假定, 設(shè)想, 采取, 呈現(xiàn) 27.presiding adj.主持會(huì)議的, 指揮的 28.statistics n.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué), 統(tǒng)計(jì)表 32.due to adv.由于, 應(yīng)歸于 33.rebound n.回彈 v.回彈 34.disjunction n.分離, 分裂, 折斷 35.anecdote n.軼事, 奇聞
36.reflected adj.反射的,得自他人的 37.contribution n.捐獻(xiàn), 貢獻(xiàn), 投稿 38.be intended to 為了 39.profitable adj.有利可圖的 40.switch to v.切換到,轉(zhuǎn)到, 轉(zhuǎn)變成 41.speculative adj.投機(jī)的 42.ineptly adv.不適當(dāng)?shù)? 無能地 43.chief executive 總裁
44.revenue n.收入, 國(guó)家的收入, 稅收 46.chop out 降低 47.blunt adj.直率的
48.consultant n.顧問, 商議者, 咨詢者 49.schism n.(政治組織等的)分裂, 教派 50.humanities 人文學(xué)科 51.community n.公社, 團(tuán)體
54.assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 裝配 vi.集合 55.find fault v.挑剔
59.contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵觸 60.dispute v.爭(zhēng)論, 辯論 n.爭(zhēng)論, 辯論 61.manifesto n.宣言, 聲明
62.scorn n.輕蔑, 嘲笑, 被叱責(zé)的人 vt.輕蔑, 不屑做 63.long for v.渴望 65.depletion n.損耗 66.epithet n.綽號(hào), 稱號(hào) 67.lump n.塊 vt.使成塊狀
68.enlighten vt.啟發(fā),教導(dǎo), 授予...知識(shí) 69.emerge vi.顯現(xiàn),(事實(shí))顯現(xiàn)出來 70.census n.人口普查 71.standstill n.停止, 停頓 72.implication n.牽連, 含意, 暗示 73.enthrone vt.立...為王, 崇拜 vi.熱心 74.densely adv.濃密地, 濃厚地 75.numerically 用數(shù)字, 在數(shù)字上 76.depression n.沮喪, 消沉, 低氣壓, 低壓 77.migrate vi.(鳥類的)遷徙 vt.使移居 78.attribute to 歸功于 79.demographer n.人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家 80.apparently adv.顯然地 83.spacious adj.廣大的, 大規(guī)模的
84.plagues n.瘟疫, 麻煩, 苦惱, 災(zāi)禍 vt.折磨, 使苦惱, 使得災(zāi)禍 86.considerably adv.相當(dāng)?shù)?87.scatter v.分散, 散開, 撒開, 驅(qū)散
88.isolate vt.使隔離, 使孤立, 使絕緣, 離析 n.隔離種群 90.volcano n.火山
91.on the contrary adv.正相反 92.interior adj.內(nèi)部的, 內(nèi)的 n.內(nèi)部 93.milestones n.里程碑, 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) 94.inject into 把...注入
95.complementary adj.補(bǔ)充的, 補(bǔ)足的 96.reminder n.提醒的人, 暗示 97.in detail adv.詳細(xì)地
98.readily adv.樂意地, 欣然, 容易地 99.stationary 固定的 100.anchor n.錨 v.拋錨, 錨定
101.confine vt.限制, 禁閉 n.界限, 邊界 104.propel vt.推進(jìn), 驅(qū)使
106.fissure n.裂縫, 裂溝,(思想, 觀點(diǎn)等的)分歧 v.(使)裂開 107.initiate vt.開始, 傳授 v.開始 109.mutability n.易變性, 性情不定 1999年重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞組 閱讀理解部分
1.rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的 adv.粗糙地 4.lawsuit n.訴訟(尤指非刑事案件)5.compensate v.償還, 補(bǔ)償, 付報(bào)酬 6.liable for 負(fù)責(zé) 7.misfortune n.不幸, 災(zāi)禍 8.anticipate vt.預(yù)期, 期望 10.fall off v.下降, 衰退, 離開 15.liability n義務(wù), 傾向, 債務(wù) 17.side with defendant 站在被告一邊 18.paralyze vt.使癱瘓, 使麻痹 19.helmet n.頭盔, 鋼盔
21.recommendation n.推薦, 介紹(信), 勸告, 建議 22.substantial adj.堅(jiān)固的, 實(shí)質(zhì)的, 真實(shí)的, 充實(shí)的 23.tort n.[律]民事侵權(quán)行為 24.bombard vt.炮轟;轟擊 25.trivialities n.瑣事
26.for the benefit of adv.為...的利益 27.legal liability 法律責(zé)任
28.revolve v.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn), 考慮, 循環(huán)出現(xiàn) 29.tap n.水龍頭 vt.輕打, 開發(fā), 31.make sense 使…有意義 33.nonetheless adv.雖然如此, 但是 34.hesitate v.猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿 35.reliability n.可靠性
36.senior adj 資格較老的, 地位較高的, 高級(jí)的 37.transaction n.辦理, 交易 38.access to 有權(quán)使用
41.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的
44.update v.使現(xiàn)代化, 修正, 校正, 更新 n.現(xiàn)代化, 更新 45.subscriber n.訂戶, 簽署者, 捐獻(xiàn) 49.contempt n.輕視, 輕蔑 50.thinks highly of 尊重 51.distinction n.區(qū)別
52.prospect n.前景 vi.尋找, 勘探 53.horrify v.使恐怖, 使極度厭惡, 驚駭 54.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 55.resort to 求助于 56.strategies n.策略, 軍略 57.interactivity 交互性
58.hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 59.security n.安全
62.plunge n.跳進(jìn), 投入 vi.投入 63.invisible adj.看不見的, 無形的 64.on the behalf of 代表
65.prospect n.前途, 期望 vi.尋找, 勘探 66.radical adj.根本的, 激進(jìn)的 n.激進(jìn)分子 67.explore v.探險(xiǎn), 探測(cè), 探究 68.contradiction n.反駁, 矛盾 70.justify v.證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)?72.assess vt.估定, 評(píng)定 74.forsake vt.放棄, 拋棄
76.betray vt.出賣, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...跡象 78.emphasize vt.強(qiáng)調(diào), 著重 v.強(qiáng)調(diào) 80.presumptuous adj.專橫的 83.in any case adv.無論如何
84.complementary adj.補(bǔ)充的, 補(bǔ)足的 85.vocational adj.職業(yè)的 86.confusion n.混亂, 混淆 87.startle v.震驚
88.be opposite to 在...對(duì)面 與...相反 89.husbandry n.管理 92.feverishly adv.興奮地
95.consensus n.一致同意, 多數(shù)人的意見, 輿論 101.in the air adv懸而未決, 在流傳中 103.supposedly adv.想像上, 按照推測(cè) 105.be curious about 對(duì)…好奇 111.substitute for 代替...替換..., 取代..112.conference n.會(huì)議, 討論會(huì), 協(xié)商會(huì) 113.advisability n.明智
114.frown vi.皺眉, 蹙額, 不贊成, 反對(duì) v.皺眉 115.be shocked at 對(duì)…感到震驚 116.speculate vi.推測(cè), 思索, 做投機(jī)買賣 117.amount to 總計(jì),等于
121.carry out vt.攜帶, vi.被攜帶, 能達(dá)到 126.distract v.轉(zhuǎn)移
129.conformity n.一致, 符合
130.desirable adj.值得要的,令人想要的, 悅?cè)诵囊獾?131.be blamed for 被責(zé)備 132.in favor of 贊成 2000年重點(diǎn)詞組與詞匯 閱讀理解部分:
1.effortless adj.容易的, 不費(fèi)力氣的 2.handicap n.障礙v.妨礙, 使不利 3.a driving force 動(dòng)力
4.a glowing period 增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期,發(fā)展時(shí)期 5.unparalleled adj.無比的, 無雙的, 空前的 6.scale n.刻度,等級(jí) vt.依比例決定,測(cè)量 8.predominance n.優(yōu)勢(shì) 9.at a loss 困惑
10.fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退 12.sweep into 涌入 13.on the ropes岌岌可危的 14.semiconductor n.[物] 半導(dǎo)體 15.at the heart of 關(guān)鍵 16.casualty n.傷亡 17.prosperity n.繁榮
18.sensational adj.使人感動(dòng)的, 非常好的 19.look back on 回憶 21.devalued 減值的, 貶值的 22.yield to 屈服, 讓步 23.on a diet 吃規(guī)定的飲食 24.quick-witted 機(jī)智
25.executive adj執(zhí)行的, 行政的 n經(jīng)理主管人員 26.think tank n.智囊團(tuán) 28.maturity n.成熱,成熟 30.mortality n.死亡率
31.excess n.過度,超額 adj.過度的, 額外的 32.crucial adj.至關(guān)緊要的
38.fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饒的, 能繁殖的 40.offspring n.(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)兒女, 子孫, 后代 41.take advantage of 利用 42.diminish v.(使)減少,(使)變小 43.tribal adj.部落的, 種族的 44.mediocrity n.平常,平庸之才 46.utopia n.烏托邦, 理想的完美境界 49.ignorant of 不懂, 不知道 53.descendant n.子孫, 后裔, 后代
55.advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹 57.farfetched adj.牽強(qiáng)的 59.with regard to adv.關(guān)于 62.in brief 簡(jiǎn)單扼要地 63.consequently adv.從而, 因此 64.undergo vt.經(jīng)歷, 遭受, 忍受 66.pour out v.訴說, 傾吐
67.unhampered adj.無妨礙的,無阻礙的 68.make up v.彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu)
69.imitate vt.模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v.模仿 70.at will adv.隨意, 任意 71.confused adj.困惑的, 煩惱的
72.upsetting adj.令人心煩意亂的,令人苦惱的 73.proposition n.主張, 建議, 陳述, 命題 74.call for v.要求, 提倡, 為...叫喊, 為...叫 75.essentially adv.本質(zhì)上, 本來 77.envy n.vt.羨慕, 嫉妒 80.sacrifice nv.犧牲
81.rigid adj.剛硬的, 剛性的, 嚴(yán)格的 83.emphasis on 強(qiáng)調(diào)
84.mechanical adj.機(jī)械的, 呆板的 88.frustration n.挫敗, 挫折, 受挫 89.drop out v.不參與, 離去, 放棄
90.incident n.事件, 事變 adj.附帶的, 易于發(fā)生的 92.assault n.攻擊v.襲擊 93.outcry n.大聲疾呼
94.conservative adj.保守的, 守舊的 97.raise eyebrow 質(zhì)疑地
99.centralization n.集中, 中央集權(quán)化 100.isolated adj.隔離的,孤立的, 單獨(dú) 101.commute v.交換
102.crowded adj.擁擠的, 塞滿的 103.distinction n.區(qū)別, 聲望 104.destiny n.命運(yùn), 定數(shù)
105.vitality n.活力, 生命力, 生動(dòng)性 108.hypocrisy n.偽善
112.confess v.承認(rèn), 坦白, 懺悔 113.pushing adj.有進(jìn)取心的,急切的 114.acquisitive adj.想獲得的
115.vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的,本土的
117.radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激進(jìn)的 n.激進(jìn)分子 119.advocating n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹 120.participatory adj.供人分享的
123.at all costs adv.(=at any cost)不惜任何代價(jià), 無論如何 129.stirring adj.激動(dòng)人心的, 活躍的, 忙碌的 130.prompting n.促進(jìn), 激勵(lì), 提示 131.profess v.表示
132.get on v.生活, 融洽相處, 進(jìn)展 2001年重點(diǎn)詞組與詞匯 閱讀理解部分
1.specialization n.特殊化, 專門化, 特化作用 2.response to 回答,反應(yīng),響應(yīng) 3.accumulation n.積聚, 堆積物 4.split up 分裂
5.no clear-cut distinction 沒有絕對(duì)的區(qū)別 6.amateur n.業(yè)余愛好者, 業(yè)余藝術(shù)家
7.connotation n.含蓄, 儲(chǔ)蓄的東西(詞、語等), 內(nèi)涵 8.integrate into 融入到……中去
11.consequent adj.作為結(jié)果的, 隨之發(fā)生的 14.illustrate vt.舉例說明, 圖解, 加插圖于, 闡明 15.in terms of 根據(jù)
17.definition n.定義, 解說, 精確度,(輪廓影像等的)清晰度 19.incorporate adj.合并的, 一體化的 vt.合并, 組成公司 20.make entrance to 接近21.be reinforced by 加強(qiáng)
22.refereeing n.仲裁人, , [體]裁判員 v.仲裁, 23.underway adj.起步的,進(jìn)行中的, 航行中的 24.be reckoned as vt.計(jì)算, 估計(jì), 27.universalize access 普遍可以獲得 28.digital divide 數(shù)字鴻溝
29.impoverished adj.窮困的, 無力的,用盡了的 30.sovereignty n.君主, 主權(quán), 主權(quán)國(guó)家 32.credibility n.可信性 33.turn out to be 結(jié)果是 36.head-scratching 令人頭痛的 37.puzzlement n.迷惑
38.plug vt.堵, 插栓 n.塞子, 插頭, 插銷
39.conventional adj.慣例的, 常規(guī)的,習(xí)俗的, 傳統(tǒng)的 44.at random 隨意的
47.elite n.<法>[集合名詞]精華, 中堅(jiān)分子 49.clash n.沖突, 撞擊聲, 50.sponsor n.發(fā)起人, vt.發(fā)起, v.贊助 51.symposium n.討論會(huì), 座談會(huì) 52.be dedicated to adj.專注的, 獻(xiàn)身的 53.diversity n.差異, 多樣性
56.account for v.說明, 占, 解決, 得分 57.affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受為會(huì)員 58.underlie vt.位于...之下, 成為...的基礎(chǔ) 59.scanty adj.缺乏的, ,儉省的, 62.supervise v.監(jiān)視,監(jiān)督 64.gigantic adj.巨人般的, 巨大的 65.take upon 承擔(dān)
66.lateral n.側(cè)部, adj.橫(向)的, 側(cè)面的 67.profile n.剖面, 側(cè)面, 外形, 輪廓 68.in the manner of 以......方式
69.disgraced n.恥辱, 丟臉的人(或事)v.玷污 70.passionate adj.充滿熱情的 71.advocate n.提倡者 vt.提倡, 72.preach v.鼓吹
73.resignation n.辭職, 辭職書, 放棄, 74.doctrine n.教條, 學(xué)說 75.voluntary simplicity 自愿簡(jiǎn)樸 76.breed v.(使)繁殖, 教養(yǎng), n.品種, 78.dropping out n.滴下, 滴下物, 空投, 79.redundancy n.裁員 2002年重點(diǎn)詞組與詞匯 閱讀理解部分: 1.indentify v.確定,證明 2.relevant to 有關(guān)的,相應(yīng)的 3.in sympathy with 同情
7.alternatively adv.做為選擇, 二者擇一地 9.comment on 評(píng)論
10.convention n.大會(huì), 協(xié)定,習(xí)俗, 12.show around 參觀
13.accommodation n.住處, 膳宿 14.push aside 把......推開,避開 15.stomp n.跺腳
19.inedible adj.不適于食用的, 20.notorious adj.聲名狼籍的 21.resent v.憤恨, 怨恨
22.disparaging adj.蔑視的, 毀謗的, 23.scapegoat n.替罪羊 24.off-the-cuff 即興的 25.familiar adj.熟悉的, n.密友, 26.exaggeration n.夸張, 夸大之詞 30.ingenuity n.機(jī)靈, 獨(dú)創(chuàng)性, 精巧, 32.burdensome adj.繁重的, 煩累的, 34.confer n.商討,授予 37.gizmos n.小發(fā)明 39.hum to v.嗡嗡叫, 哼 40.assembly n.集合, 裝配, 41.automated adj.自動(dòng)化的
42.terminal n.終端, adj.末期, 每期的, 44.miniaturization n.小型化 46.supervision n.監(jiān)督, 管理
50.initial adj.最初的, 詞首的, n.詞首大寫字母 52.a fraction of n.小部分, 片斷, 分?jǐn)?shù) 53.irrelevant adj.不相關(guān)的
54.instantaneous adj.瞬間的, 即刻的, 55.suspicious adj.(of)可疑的, 懷疑的 59.scary adj.引起驚慌的
60.quadruple adj.四倍的, 四重的, n.四倍 61.suspend vt.吊, 懸掛v.延緩 63.severe adj.嚴(yán)厲的, 劇烈的, 嚴(yán)重的, 69.consultancy n.-cies 顧問(工作)73.supreme adj.極度的, 極大的, 最高的 74.implicaton n.暗示 77.foresee vt.預(yù)見, 預(yù)知 78.permissible adj.可允許的, 79.justify v.證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)?82.mediation n.仲裁, 調(diào)停, 調(diào)解 83.maintain vt.維持, 供養(yǎng), 主張 84.prescribe v.指示, 規(guī)定, 處(方), 85.legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, v.合法 86.homicide n.謀殺
88.acknowledge vt.承認(rèn), 答謝, 報(bào)償 89.prolonged vt.延長(zhǎng), 拖延 91.hospice n.旅客住宿處, 收容所, 92.therapy n.治療
93.to the extent that 大意是說 95.presumptively adv.假設(shè)地 96.incompentently adv.不合格地 2003年重點(diǎn)詞組與詞匯 閱讀理解部分: 1.spymaster n.間諜組織的首腦 2.lay the root for 打下基礎(chǔ) 3.be fascinated with 著迷 5.espionage n.間諜, 偵探 6.reshape vt.改造, 再成形, 7.vocation n.召喚, 職業(yè) 10.point-and-click 點(diǎn)擊
11.intelligence n.智力, 聰明, 智能 14.compile vt.編譯, 編輯, 匯編 15.by a large margin 大幅度 19.corporation n.[律]社團(tuán), 法人, 21.mutually adv.互相地, 互助 23.vacum up 清空
26.staff n.棒, 全體職員, vt.供給人員, 27.back-and-forthing 來來回回 30.take pride in 驕傲
33.triumph n.勝利, 成功 v.獲得勝利 35.seek to v.尋找, 探索, 37.rull out 排除
38.advocate n.提倡者, vt.提倡, 39.advance in n.前進(jìn), v., 預(yù)付adj.前面的 40.allegation n.主張,斷言, 辯解 41.cruelty to n.殘忍, 殘酷
42.perplexed adj.困惑的, 不知所措的 43.deliberately adv.故意地
45.fair adj.美麗的,(頭發(fā))金黃的,公平的,(天氣)晴朗的 46.distributing v.分配,分發(fā),分布 48.immunization n.使免除, 使免疫 49.vaccine adj.疫苗的, n.疫苗 50.epidemic adj.流行的, n.時(shí)疫, 51.compassionate adj.富于同情心的 55.hip n., 憂郁 adj.熟悉內(nèi)情的 59.lest conj.唯恐, 以免, 64.ember n.灰燼, 余燼 66.merge into v.合并, 并入, 67.heightened v.提高, 升高 68.monopoly n.壟斷, 壟斷者, 69.account for v.說明, 占, 得分 70.freight n.貨物, 運(yùn)費(fèi), vt.裝貨, 71.allow for v.慮及, 體諒 72.substantial adj.堅(jiān)固的, 實(shí)質(zhì)的, 73.coordinated n.同等者, adj.同等的, vt.調(diào)整, 74.fierce competition from 激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 76.have them by throat 控制 77.consolidation n.鞏固, 合并 78.captive n.俘虜, adj.被俘的, 80.appeal to v.呼吁, 上訴, 有吸引力 83.discrimination against n.辨別, 歧視 84.on the grounds 在......基礎(chǔ)上 85.in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看
86.have the option of 有......的選擇權(quán) 87.subscribe v.捐款, 簽署(文件)90.flourish vi.繁榮, 91.despite prep.不管, 盡管, 93.cheer on 鼓勵(lì)
94.transaction n.學(xué)報(bào),處理事務(wù) 95.grip vt.緊握, 緊夾 96.pressing adj.緊迫的 v.擠壓 97.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 98.optional adj.可選擇的, 隨意的 100.clinical depression 臨床憂郁癥 101.surgical adj.外科的, n.外科病房, 103.disintegrate vt.(使)分解,(使)碎裂 104.perish vi.毀滅,枯萎
105.shield n.防護(hù)物, vt.(from)保護(hù), 107.unsustainable adj.不能證實(shí)的 108.sustain vt.支撐, 撐住, 維持, 持續(xù) 110.get out of 排除
111.potential adj.潛在的,勢(shì)的, 112.energetic adj.精力充沛的, 113.dazzlingly adv.燦爛地, 耀眼地 117.dramatic adj.戲劇性的, 生動(dòng)的 118.therapy n.治療 2004年重點(diǎn)詞組與詞匯 閱讀理解部分 1.hunt for v.搜尋
2.stumble v.絆倒, 結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說話n.絆倒, 錯(cuò)誤 4.intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)
5.counsel n 商議, 辯護(hù)律師 vt.勸告, 忠告 7.drawback n.缺點(diǎn), 障礙 8.eliminate vt.排除, 消除 v.除去 10.implicit adj.暗示的, 盲從的 13.tempt vt.誘惑, 引誘, 吸引
19.keep a close watch on 密切注視,密切關(guān)注 21.compensation to 補(bǔ)償,賠償 22.negotiate 談判,商量 23.maintain vt.維持, 維修, 主張 26.discrimination n.辨別, 歧視 27.condemn vt.判刑, 處刑, 聲討, 譴責(zé) 30.unaware of 沒有意識(shí)到
31.have a big advantage over 對(duì)…有較大優(yōu)勢(shì) 32.spread n.伸展, 展開, 傳播, 蔓延, 33.suspiciously adv.猜疑著, 懷疑著 35.respectively adv.分別地, 各個(gè)地
36.predecessor n.前輩, 前任,(被取代的)原有事物
37.coincidence n.一致, 相合, 同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)存在(尤指偶然)的事 38.dream up v.空想出, <俗>構(gòu)思, 創(chuàng)造, 設(shè)計(jì)(發(fā)明物等)41.insensitive adj.對(duì)...沒有感覺的, 感覺遲鈍的 42.qualification n.資格
44.publicly
adv.公然地, 輿論上 46.ceremony n.典禮, 儀式, 禮節(jié), 報(bào)幕員 47.literally adv.照字面意義, 逐字地 48.draw up v.草擬, 停住
49.recipient adj.容易接受的 n.容納者
50.plough through 費(fèi)勁地閱讀, 吃力地鉆研,艱難地通過 51.come to v.達(dá)到, 復(fù)蘇,共計(jì) 53.blame n.過失, 責(zé)備 vt.責(zé)備, 57.lag
n.落后, 遲延, vi.緩緩而行, 滯后
59.crucial
adj.至關(guān)緊要的
60.panic
n.驚慌, 恐慌, 沒有理由的
61.prospect
n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi.尋找, 勘探 62.modest
adj.謙虛的, 謙讓的, 適度的 63.in despair
絕望
66.predominately adv.占主要優(yōu)勢(shì)地
第二篇:【新東方內(nèi)部資料】考研形近詞、近義詞辨析寶典
考研近義詞、形近詞辨析寶典(共90組)
abnormal, uncommon abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕見),指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常,最高的時(shí)候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。
uncommon a.罕見的,不平常的,指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況;特別的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國(guó)非常罕見。
That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘,味道好極了!abide, adhere, conform, comply abide v.后接by表示 “遵守,同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅(jiān)持;粘附”也經(jīng)常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服從”,用于正式的場(chǎng)合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。abstract, digest, outline, summary 這一組名詞都有“要點(diǎn),摘要”的意思。
abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡(jiǎn)述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。
digest n.(篇幅較長(zhǎng)的)摘要,文摘,它是對(duì)原文的濃縮而不是對(duì)原文的簡(jiǎn)單解釋,濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。Reader's Digest《讀者文摘》 outline n.要點(diǎn),大綱,概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個(gè)提綱。summary n.總結(jié),摘要,指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點(diǎn),不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。absurd, ridiculous 這一組形容詞都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。
absurd a.荒謬的,可笑的,指因不符合常識(shí)、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。
There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動(dòng)。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因?yàn)橛廾翢o知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄,含有蔑視成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)國(guó)家的飲食來評(píng)價(jià)該國(guó)家的文化是荒唐可笑的。accent, tone, dialect accent n.口音,指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。tone n.語氣,音調(diào),指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言,土語,地方話,指一個(gè)地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 accommodate, afford, furnish accommodate v.提供住宿、房間;適應(yīng),迎合,遷就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望,連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。afford v.負(fù)擔(dān),支付;當(dāng)“提供”講時(shí),多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識(shí),然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內(nèi)容變成自己的東西。accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功,成就;才藝,修養(yǎng)。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對(duì)于登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說,爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。attainment n.指學(xué)識(shí)和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù));達(dá)到,到達(dá)。a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學(xué)者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具體的“成績(jī)”,與accomplishment是同義詞。acute, critical, crucial, urgent acute a.劇烈的,嚴(yán)重的;急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。critical a.意為“關(guān)鍵的”,表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),與crucial相似。與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對(duì)缺乏的或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量;還指“批判性的,分析性的
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí),否則你會(huì)不及格的。crucial a.意為”決定性的,緊要關(guān)頭的,至關(guān)重要的“,最為籠統(tǒng),適用于上述兩種情況。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。urgent a.意為”緊迫的,急迫的,緊要的“,它不強(qiáng)調(diào)所指的問題是最重要的,僅強(qiáng)調(diào)”緊急的“狀態(tài)。
We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助,我們的水就快要用光了。admit, confess, concede admit v.指由于說服、再三追問而”承認(rèn)“某一事實(shí)或過錯(cuò)。I admit that you have a point.我承認(rèn)你有理。
confess v.供認(rèn)(罪行、過錯(cuò)等),含有”坦白、招認(rèn)“的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認(rèn)了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認(rèn)某一錯(cuò)誤,但由于證據(jù)確鑿而不得不勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn),還可以指”以退為進(jìn)“的承認(rèn)。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成這次交通事故的人最終向警察承認(rèn)他是肇事人。
aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”加強(qiáng)“的意思。
aggravate v.加重(負(fù)擔(dān)、罪行、病情等),使之惡化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的腳受傷了,而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。reinforce v.增援,一般用于軍隊(duì)或警察的行動(dòng);(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個(gè)盜賊搶劫銀行,用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數(shù)量上的增加。
The number of people has increased.人數(shù)增加了。
strengthen v.加強(qiáng),鞏固,增強(qiáng),相當(dāng)于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人們認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加強(qiáng)了民族性而不是破壞了它。intensify v.使變得更強(qiáng)烈、劇烈,加劇,相當(dāng)于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 這一組形容詞都表示”小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的“。alert a.警惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊,時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備給大家斟酒。cautious a.細(xì)心的,謹(jǐn)慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態(tài)度謹(jǐn)慎。considerate a.關(guān)心他人的,體貼的。
He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。alive, live, living, lively 這一組形容詞都跟”活“有關(guān)。
alive a.活著的,有活力的,常作表語,作定語時(shí)必須后置。
After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活著的人
live a.活的,有活力的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實(shí)況。living a.活著的,作定語可前可后,可修飾人也可修飾物。
Who is the world's greatest living artist?誰是現(xiàn)在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家? living room起居室
lively a.活潑的,栩栩如生的。
She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個(gè)活潑可愛的小姑娘,總是歡聲笑語忙個(gè)不停。alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”減少,減輕“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕,緩和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。
diminish v.指因?yàn)椴粩嘞?,在?shù)量方面緩慢減少,也指在素質(zhì)或者價(jià)值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)石油的供應(yīng)減少了。reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少;力量或者強(qiáng)度的減弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。decline v.(數(shù)目、價(jià)格、比率)下降;謝絕,婉言推辭;衰退,衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請(qǐng)他吃飯的邀請(qǐng)。allocate, separate, detach, divide 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”分開“的意思。allocate v.分配,把……撥給。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預(yù)算中給學(xué)校和警察部門分配了資金。
separate v.人為地分開,使隔離開。
We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。detach v.拆開組合的物體;遠(yuǎn)離,疏遠(yuǎn)。
We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。divide v.指將整體分為若干個(gè)部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.擴(kuò)大,增加,尤其指通過增強(qiáng)電壓或電流使聲音擴(kuò)大;補(bǔ)充敘述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請(qǐng)你對(duì)你的說法作進(jìn)一步的說明。enlarge v.擴(kuò)大,多指具體物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片 enlarge a house擴(kuò)建房屋
stretch v.(有彈性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超過限度;伸長(zhǎng)、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或?yàn)榱藟蛑澄?。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后,職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼鏡把字放大以便能夠閱讀。reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范圍、體積的擴(kuò)大、增大,也可以指內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)的充實(shí)。The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹,然后就爆破了。anger, fury, indignation, resentment 這一組名詞都有”憤怒、生氣“的意思。anger n.氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。
After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭(zhēng)吵之后,他一拳打在那個(gè)人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強(qiáng)。indignation n.義憤,尤其指出于道義上的激憤。
Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價(jià)突然猛增激起的公憤 resentment n.憤恨,怨恨,不滿,是正式用語,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后,辦公室里怨聲載道。apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 這一組形容詞都有”明顯的“之意。
apparent a.明顯的,顯而易見的,尤其指容易觀察到或認(rèn)識(shí)到的事物。
He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興,顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。evident a.明白的,明顯的,與apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事實(shí)證明的事物。
It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的,在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。manifest a.清楚的,明顯的,多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義,常作表語。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾,但長(zhǎng)相并不動(dòng)人。obvious a.明顯的,顯而易見的,含有無可辯白,不需證明之意。
It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然,那個(gè)婦女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的,明顯的;不同的,獨(dú)特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。
Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn)。applaud, clap, commend, praise
applaud v.鼓掌,贊揚(yáng),指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許,大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。
The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚(yáng)了我的工作,對(duì)我的努力表示贊許。clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。clap sb.為某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物
commend v.為正式用詞,用于對(duì)具體功績(jī)或成就表示嘉獎(jiǎng),通常指上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的贊賞。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚(yáng)學(xué)生們的考試成績(jī)優(yōu)異。praise v.為一般用詞,用于對(duì)某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕;贊頌,贊美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯(cuò)。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機(jī)事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。area, district, region, zone 這一組名詞都有”區(qū)域“的意思。
area n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū);面積;專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
The New York area has high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng District北京西城區(qū) region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū),如”自治區(qū)“;身體部位。
The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國(guó)東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個(gè)州。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。
The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律,在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 這一組名詞都表示”會(huì)議“的意思。assembly n.集合,集會(huì)。
The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學(xué)生們?cè)诖蠖Y堂舉行集會(huì)。conference n.(專門性的)會(huì)議,討論會(huì)。
The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會(huì)議在日內(nèi)瓦召開。congress n.代表大會(huì),(美國(guó)的)國(guó)會(huì)。
Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過的法律,人民一定要遵守。rally n.(鼓舞士氣的)集會(huì);群眾性集會(huì)。
The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個(gè)動(dòng)員會(huì),以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。
seminar n.(大學(xué)的)研究班,研討會(huì)。
During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教師在學(xué)院里參加研究班。session n.(一屆)會(huì)議,回合。
the autumn session of Parliament議會(huì)的秋季會(huì)議 summit n.最高級(jí)會(huì)議,峰會(huì)(通常為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加)。
Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級(jí)會(huì)談。symposium n.(學(xué)術(shù)、科研方面的)座談會(huì),專題報(bào)告會(huì)。
The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會(huì)持續(xù)了兩天。assessment, estimate, evaluation 這一組名詞都有”評(píng)估“的意思。
assessment n.評(píng)估,估價(jià),常常表示對(duì)于財(cái)產(chǎn)、價(jià)值的評(píng)估。
We have a low assessment on our property.我們對(duì)我們的資產(chǎn)評(píng)估很低。estimate n.估計(jì),強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行評(píng)估得出的結(jié)果,常與動(dòng)詞give搭配。
The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機(jī)械師給我的汽車修理費(fèi)的粗略估計(jì)是200或300美元。
evaluation n.(對(duì)于能力,價(jià)值、工作業(yè)績(jī)的)評(píng)價(jià),估價(jià),常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。
He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對(duì)于我們的科學(xué)研究給予了積極的評(píng)價(jià)。associate, ally, combine, unite 這一組詞都有”聯(lián)合“的意思。
associate v.交往,結(jié)交;聯(lián)系,聯(lián)想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示與某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某個(gè)方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我們同鄰居交往。ally v.使結(jié)盟,使聯(lián)姻,多與with搭配。
Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.幾個(gè)政治黨派聯(lián)合起來反對(duì)提高稅收。combine v.聯(lián)合,化合,混合,多指為了某個(gè)目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個(gè)整體。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團(tuán)。unite v.聯(lián)合,合并,團(tuán)結(jié),尤指不同的事物或人組成統(tǒng)一體,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.國(guó)民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同對(duì)敵。award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地頒發(fā),授予,給予;也可以指法庭裁決給予。后面可跟雙賓語。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)將歷史獎(jiǎng)授予最出色的學(xué)生。
reward v.酬勞,獎(jiǎng)賞,回報(bào),通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某種服務(wù)而應(yīng)得到報(bào)酬或酬謝,其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。后跟with用來說明以何物作為報(bào)酬。
I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我將出50美元,酬謝幫我找回丟失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的,意識(shí)到的,強(qiáng)調(diào)感官對(duì)外界事物的意識(shí)。He was aware of his mistake.他意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。conscious a.有意識(shí)的,意識(shí)到的,一般指內(nèi)心所意識(shí)到的。
The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.銷售員意識(shí)到他必須增加銷售量。basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的,基礎(chǔ)的,既可用于具體事物,也可用于抽象事物。
He has a basic understanding of the problem.他對(duì)問題有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的,初級(jí)的。elementary school小學(xué)
fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必須的。
Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.誠(chéng)實(shí)是與別人相處的基本原則。bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass 這一組詞都有”迷惑“的意思。
bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,強(qiáng)調(diào)非常困惑,通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力的紊亂,語氣最重。
He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他沒有得到事先警告就被開除了,完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.當(dāng)這些農(nóng)夫們第一次到城里的時(shí)候,他們對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,強(qiáng)調(diào)不理解或解決不了。
Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉沒寶藏的下落令探險(xiǎn)家們大惑不解。confuse v.一般用語,使混亂,使糊涂,強(qiáng)調(diào)因混淆而使人產(chǎn)生迷亂。
He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他發(fā)錯(cuò)了報(bào)告,因?yàn)樗阉鼈兺硗庖恍﹫?bào)告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫,使為難,使困惑,有令人不快、難為情和內(nèi)心混亂的意味。
Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在別人面前嘲笑她的新發(fā)型,使她感到難堪。
blame, condemn, reproach, scold 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”責(zé)怪“的意思。blame v.責(zé)怪,把……歸咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.萬一你考試不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.譴責(zé),用于比較正式的、嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合。
The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫貪杯而責(zé)怪他。reproach v.(書面語)責(zé)備,表示不滿。
His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老師責(zé)備他不做作業(yè)。scold v.責(zé)罵,訓(xùn)斥。blunder, error, mistake 這一組詞都表示”錯(cuò)誤“。
blunder n.(因?yàn)闊o知、疏忽犯下的)大錯(cuò),愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過,我感覺到犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)。
error n.指判斷、計(jì)算或行為上的錯(cuò)誤,也可指智力或道義上的錯(cuò)誤。
The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。mistake n.誤會(huì),誤解;(粗心、遺忘所導(dǎo)致的)錯(cuò)誤。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了你的手提包。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 這一組形容詞都有”弱“的意思。
brittle a.易碎的,易損壞的,通常是指堅(jiān)硬的東西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修飾使用時(shí)必須小心才不會(huì)破碎的東西,也引申為體弱的,虛弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會(huì)以后,現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。frail a.(指人)體弱的,虛弱的,也可以指東西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經(jīng)年老體弱。
crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活躍的,有生氣的,干凈利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的餅干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.學(xué)生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。invalid a.不正確的,缺乏證據(jù)的;無效的,作廢的。作名詞時(shí),表示病弱者,傷殘者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關(guān)于最早的人類的觀點(diǎn)很有意思,但是缺乏證據(jù)。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴(yán)重的車禍?zhǔn)顾兂闪藲埣?。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 這幾個(gè)名詞都有”邊界“的意思。
boundary n.邊界;界線。多指作為界線的標(biāo)識(shí)物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。
border n.較寬的邊緣,邊界,多指兩國(guó)或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區(qū)、邊界地帶;也可以指物體的邊緣等。We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進(jìn)入美國(guó)境內(nèi)。
frontier n.邊界,邊境,邊疆,指靠近邊界(boundary)的區(qū)域;也可引申為”未開發(fā)的領(lǐng)域“,”(學(xué)術(shù)的)前沿“等。The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前美國(guó)西部還是一片邊疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學(xué)前沿研究的生化學(xué)家。rim n.邊,邊緣,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。
verge n.(道路、花壇等長(zhǎng)著草的)邊緣,引申為”某事即將發(fā)生之際“。on the verge of war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)之際 brief, concise, curt, succinct 這一組形容詞都有”簡(jiǎn)短的“意思。
brief a.簡(jiǎn)明扼要的,簡(jiǎn)短的,指時(shí)間短暫,辦事利索,態(tài)度明了等;有時(shí)含有”雖短但卻不失全面“的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經(jīng)理致了簡(jiǎn)短的開幕詞。concise a.(文字等的)簡(jiǎn)要、精練,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡(jiǎn)明扼要,省略掉了所有與該項(xiàng)工作無關(guān)的部分。curt a.三言兩語的,簡(jiǎn)短的,常含有”草率“的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他問老板一個(gè)問題,但是老板草率的說:”我沒時(shí)間搭理你?!?succinct a.簡(jiǎn)明的,簡(jiǎn)潔的,簡(jiǎn)練的,尤指用詞簡(jiǎn)練,除含有concise的意思外,還有經(jīng)過壓縮的或簡(jiǎn)化的意思。succinct summary of the argument論點(diǎn)的概要 certify, rectify, testify, verify 這是一組形近易混詞。certify v.證明,聲稱是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。rectify v.改正,糾正;整頓。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯(cuò)。testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的證人已經(jīng)被神秘地殺害,他成為這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。verify v.(用事實(shí))證實(shí)或核實(shí)。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打電話詢問,以核實(shí)商店的地址。compel, constrain, force, oblige 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”強(qiáng)迫“的意思。
compel v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常表示運(yùn)用權(quán)利、力量迫使對(duì)方做某事;有時(shí)也表示”別無辦法,不得不做“。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。
constrain v.力勸,強(qiáng)迫,與compel意思相近,但更多強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強(qiáng)迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的場(chǎng)合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家,不必象一般人那樣要受到社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則的約束。
force v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,暴力威脅的意味較濃,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.強(qiáng)盜逼迫她把錢交出來。oblige v.(因法律、習(xí)俗等)強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常常用于被動(dòng)。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我們遇到紅燈時(shí)必須停車。complement, supplement, append 這三個(gè)名詞都有”補(bǔ)充“的意思。
complement n.補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)充物,主要指補(bǔ)充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米飯最棒。supplement n.增補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)貼,主要指另外補(bǔ)加,增補(bǔ)。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我們?cè)趫?bào)告完成一年之后,必須增補(bǔ)一個(gè)包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加,添上或補(bǔ)充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。component, element, factor, ingredient 這一組名詞都有”組成成分“的意思。
component n.零部件;(某事物的)組成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.輪胎,引擎,車身以及坐椅都是一輛汽車的零部件。element n.元素;組成部分,方面;某特定類型的人或群體,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫元素和氧元素構(gòu)成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他屬于這個(gè)城市的壞分子。factor n.因素,要素,側(cè)重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是體育比賽成功的一個(gè)重要因素。ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黃油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。comprise, compose, consist, constitute 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”組成,包含“的意思。
comprise v.包含,包括,由……組成(整體);組成,構(gòu)成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2,500個(gè)不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。compose v.構(gòu)成(整體),組成;由……組成(后接of,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會(huì)主要由教師和學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)組成。consist v.組成,構(gòu)成,由……組成(后接of,常用于主動(dòng)語態(tài));(后接in)在于,存在于。The problem consists of two parts.問題由兩部分組成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這計(jì)劃的好處就在于簡(jiǎn)單易行。constitute v.構(gòu)成,組成(整體)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個(gè)城市面臨的主要問題。concentrate, focus 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有”集中“的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,賓語可以是具體或抽象的東西);濃縮,壓縮。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考試期間,同學(xué)們集中精力回答問題。focus v.集中(于某事物);將(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,賓語一般不是具體的東西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.請(qǐng)集中考慮以下問題。confinement, limitation, restraint 這一組名詞都有”限制,局限“的意思。
confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某種境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判處單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁三個(gè)月。limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺點(diǎn),弱點(diǎn)。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那個(gè)雇員能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制,抑制;約束措施。
Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母親很生氣,她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate 這是一對(duì)形近易混的形容詞。
considerable a.相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的;值得考慮的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那個(gè)家族擁有大量的土地。considerate a.考慮周到的,體貼的,后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。
He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒別人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。conserve, preserve, reserve 這是一組形近易混詞,且都有”保存“的意思。conserve v.保存,保藏,保護(hù)(強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)約)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,為節(jié)約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調(diào)小。preserve v.保護(hù);維持;保養(yǎng);防止(食物)腐敗(強(qiáng)調(diào)使不受破壞)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保護(hù)個(gè)人的權(quán)利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留,儲(chǔ)備(強(qiáng)調(diào)為某一特殊目的);訂(座位),預(yù)定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我們把這些座位留給我的父母。continual, continuous, constant, incessant 這一組形容詞都有”不斷的,不停的“的意思。
continual a.連續(xù)不斷的;頻繁的。表示時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的發(fā)生。That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那條狗不停地叫,真是煩死人了。continuous a.不停的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間不停頓。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我們的家庭以及辦公室需要不間斷的供電。constant a.不斷的,經(jīng)常的,強(qiáng)調(diào)始終如一地經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的萬物都在不斷地運(yùn)動(dòng)。incessant a.不停的,持續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)令人厭煩地重復(fù)出現(xiàn),中間有可能有停頓。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持續(xù)不斷的噪聲騷擾使我喜歡安靜的環(huán)境。convert, invert, revert, transform 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”轉(zhuǎn)變“的意思。
convert v.轉(zhuǎn)變,變換,含有”使某人改變觀點(diǎn)“的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使顛倒,使倒轉(zhuǎn),使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.嬰兒把杯子打翻,弄灑了里面的橙汁。
revert v.歸還,恢復(fù)原狀。指回到原來的狀態(tài)或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died,ownership reverted back to John.約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子,當(dāng)他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有權(quán)重新歸于約翰。transform v.改變,轉(zhuǎn)變,指形狀、顏色、大小、性質(zhì)等的改變。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一點(diǎn)油漆很快就會(huì)使這所舊房子大為改觀。credible, credulous, plausible 這一組形容詞都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那個(gè)學(xué)生跟老師講了實(shí)情,她沒來上課是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
credulous a.輕信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易輕信別人,竟然聽信那個(gè)銷售員的話以高價(jià)買了那輛車。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常帶有懷疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.雖然這個(gè)解釋合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。decline, refuse, reject, deny 這組動(dòng)詞都有”拒絕“的意思。
decline v.婉言拒絕,謝絕,相當(dāng)于refuse politely,主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)或要求幫助的請(qǐng)求,后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,主語只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請(qǐng)她和我們?cè)谝黄穑墒撬裱灾x絕了。refuse v.是比較普通的用詞,表示”拒絕“,含有非常堅(jiān)決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。reject v.拋棄,不采納,主語可以是人或物,后接名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影,但每一次都被拒絕。deny v.否認(rèn),否定,其后可接名詞,代詞或that從句。
The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否認(rèn)了對(duì)他的指控。deduce, induce, reduce deduce v.推斷,推理,演繹。
My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的氣的時(shí)候就會(huì)變得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推斷她生氣了。induce v.引誘,勸;引起,導(dǎo)致。reduce v.減輕,減??;降低。delay, postpone delay v.延期,延緩,耽擱,常指由于不可避免的障礙等原因而延期。
Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的遲到使會(huì)議延遲開始。postpone v.耽擱,暫緩,常指將某事放置一邊,等到另一事發(fā)生或一定時(shí)間后再做。
Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我們今天的會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行。demonstrate, illustrate 這兩個(gè)詞都有”說明“的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通過具體動(dòng)作或物體進(jìn)行演示、示范、表演、展示等以達(dá)到說明或解釋的目的。
This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.這個(gè)推銷員當(dāng)眾演示如何用壓力鍋煮東西。illustrate v.強(qiáng)調(diào)通過舉例、列圖表或比較等方式來說明道理。
The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那個(gè)老師通過喬治·華盛頓的故事來講述他的歷史課。
disappear, vanish, fade 這一組詞都有”消失“的意思。
disappear v.消失,不見;滅絕,不復(fù)存在。是個(gè)一般用語。
The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那條小狗剛才就在那里,然后就不見了。vanish v.消失,不見,指突然間化為烏有,強(qiáng)調(diào)非常徹底地、神秘莫測(cè)地消失、失蹤。
The man ran into the shop and vanished from sight.那個(gè)男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。fade v.指衣服的顏色褪色,聲音的逐漸消失。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墻紙從紅色褪成了淡粉色。decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”減少“的意思。
decline v.(數(shù)量、數(shù)字、價(jià)格、比率)下降,下落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。decrease v.減少,減小,強(qiáng)調(diào)逐漸地下降或減少的過程。
diminish v.(力量、勢(shì)力)減弱,減少,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于某種原因而減少,這種減少可以造成能夠?yàn)槿藗兯煊X的后果或損失。The need to take action has diminished.已經(jīng)沒有多少需要采取行動(dòng)的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物動(dòng)詞,指通過人為的方法在數(shù)量、規(guī)模、范圍等方面減少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等級(jí)。He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通過節(jié)食和運(yùn)動(dòng),體重減輕了20磅。deviate, distract, divert 這三個(gè)詞都有”轉(zhuǎn)移“的意思。
deviate v.背離,偏離。多指脫離正軌或正題等。
He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成為一名吸毒者,從而違背了社會(huì)道德準(zhǔn)則。distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常帶有不能專心的意思。
Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧鬧聲分散了他的注意力,所以他無法進(jìn)行考試的復(fù)習(xí)。divert v.轉(zhuǎn)移,使轉(zhuǎn)向,著重改變后的結(jié)果,后常接介詞from。
A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一聲巨響轉(zhuǎn)移了每個(gè)人的工作注意力。dip, immerse, submerge 這幾個(gè)詞都有”浸,浸入“的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短時(shí)地將某物部分地浸到液體中,有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.藝術(shù)家拿畫筆蘸了蘸顏料。
immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液體中達(dá)一段時(shí)間,也可指一種氛圍。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同學(xué)們?cè)趯P闹轮镜貙W(xué)習(xí)。submerge v.浸沒,淹沒。多指全部浸沒在水下達(dá)一定深度。
The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的淺水區(qū)一端。divide, separate 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有”分開“的意思。
divide v.分開,劃分,指把整體分成若干部分,也表示”疏遠(yuǎn)“的意思,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為”divide…from“。The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家大公司分成了一些較小的公司。
separate v.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意思是”分隔“,指把原來連接在一起或靠近的東西分隔開來,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為”separate…from“;作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示”分散,分別“。
duty, obligation, responsibility duty n.指道義上的責(zé)任,強(qiáng)調(diào)自覺性,作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)指本職工作的任務(wù)。
His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的職責(zé)是保證生意良好運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。obligation n.指合同或法律上規(guī)定的”責(zé)任,義務(wù)“,強(qiáng)調(diào)其約束力。
Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的義務(wù)確保其子女受到適合其年齡的有效教育。responsibility n.職責(zé),強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)后果要負(fù)責(zé)任的意思。
His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父親病了,他有責(zé)任照顧他。eject, inject, project 這是一組形近易混詞。eject v.跳出,噴出,彈射出。
The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飛行員從墜落的飛機(jī)中彈射出去。inject v.注射。
The nurse injected some medicine into the patient with a needle.護(hù)士用注射器給患者打針。project v.伸出,突出;預(yù)計(jì),預(yù)報(bào);投射,放映。
The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.陽臺(tái)從房子的墻壁上突出來。
The government projects that the defense budget will increase by 20%.政府預(yù)計(jì)國(guó)防預(yù)算將增長(zhǎng)百分之二十。eligible, illegible eligible a.享有權(quán)利的,具備資格的。
He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)從中學(xué)畢業(yè),所以他有資格就讀于州立大學(xué)。
illegible a.很難看懂的,難以辨認(rèn)的。
The writing is illegible;I cannot read what it says.字跡不清楚,我看不清上面寫的是什么。eminent, imminent 這是一組形近易混詞。
eminent a.著名的,卓越的,接觸的。
He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域很有名。imminent a.即將發(fā)生的,迫在眉睫的,臨近的。
The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚禮迫近,所以我們必須發(fā)放請(qǐng)柬了。emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment 這一組名詞都有”感情“的意思。
emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀樂等較激動(dòng)的情緒,表示某物引起的激動(dòng)。
He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.當(dāng)他想起她時(shí)便產(chǎn)生一種復(fù)雜的感情。feeling n.指一般的情緒、感覺,它一般不反映感情的本質(zhì)和強(qiáng)度。passion n.激情,熱情,欲望,極度的仇恨,指強(qiáng)烈的愛好、憤怒或情欲。
He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他滿腔熱情地談?wù)撝鴮?duì)自由的熱愛。sensation n.指人體感官受到外部刺激時(shí)產(chǎn)生的感覺,知覺。
When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看電影時(shí),感覺自己正坐在一輛開動(dòng)的汽車上。
sentiment n.思想感情,情緒,感情色彩,指由于某種思想喚起的感情,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀作用,有時(shí)候也帶有理智成分。
When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.當(dāng)祖母逝世時(shí),我們深深地懷念她的一生。encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”鼓勵(lì)、刺激“的意思。
encourage v.鼓勵(lì),促進(jìn),含有”使增強(qiáng)勇氣或給予希望“的意味。
He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓勵(lì)他的兒子上名牌大學(xué)。excite v.指使人感到激動(dòng)、興奮;煽動(dòng),鼓動(dòng)。
The band played louder and excited the audience.樂隊(duì)演奏得更響亮了,使觀眾興奮起來。inspire v.鼓舞,激發(fā),影響,常常帶有”啟迪,啟發(fā)“的意思。
My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的媽媽給我們講童年時(shí)的艱苦生活以激勵(lì)我們。motivate v.激發(fā),促動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)激起動(dòng)機(jī)去做某事。
A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上醫(yī)學(xué)院,這成了她每天努力學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力。stimulate v.刺激,激發(fā),促進(jìn),強(qiáng)調(diào)刺激反應(yīng)的結(jié)果。Cold air stimulates me.冷空氣刺激我振作起來。equal, equivalent, identical 這一組形容詞都有”相同的,相等的“的意思。
equal a.(數(shù)字、數(shù)量、權(quán)力、價(jià)值)相等的;(指人)勝任的。Those two tables are of equal length.這兩張桌子一樣長(zhǎng)。
It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要擔(dān)負(fù)的責(zé)任很大,我希望他能夠勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。equivalent a.相等的,相同的,與equal基本可以互換使用。
The two computers are equivalent in speed.這兩臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)在運(yùn)算速度上是相同的。identical a.同一的,完全相同的。
The boys are identical twins.這兩個(gè)男孩子是一模一樣的雙胞胎。equipment, facility, instrument equipment n.指生產(chǎn)、研究所需要的設(shè)備、裝置,如各種機(jī)器和器材,是不可數(shù)名詞。a factory with modern equipment具有現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備的工廠
facility n.指較大的設(shè)施、設(shè)備,尤指公用的、為大眾帶來便利的設(shè)備。
The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱樂部的體育設(shè)施包括網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)地和一個(gè)游泳池。instrument n.樂器,儀器,為某個(gè)用途而使用的工具。
As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作為一個(gè)多才多藝的演員,他既可以表演,又會(huì)唱歌跳舞,還能夠演奏不同種類的樂器。essential, indispensable, necessary essential a.表示屬于某事物的要素或特征是”主要的,核心的,本質(zhì)的,必不可少的“。
The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一點(diǎn)是我們必須按照合同的規(guī)定去做。indispensable a.強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上是必不可少的,否則就無法維持生命或做不成某一件事。Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天氣里,厚衣服是必不可少的。necessary a.是一般用語,強(qiáng)調(diào)從主觀上看是必須的,不可避免的。exceed, surpass, transcend 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”超過“的意思。
exceed v.多于,大于,超過,多指數(shù)量或允許的限度。
Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新產(chǎn)品的銷售超出了我們的預(yù)計(jì)。surpass v.優(yōu)于或超過某人(某物)。
The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員比他過去的記錄提高了10秒。transcend v.超出或超越,一般指超越經(jīng)驗(yàn)、常識(shí)、普通能力等,強(qiáng)調(diào)難以為大眾理解。The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本質(zhì)難以為人們所理解。faint, feeble, fragile, weak faint a.虛弱的,眩暈的,指人在特定場(chǎng)合感覺到的虛弱,通常不是天生體質(zhì)上的虛弱而是由于某種原因造成的暫時(shí)的情況。The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的陽光太強(qiáng)烈了,她感覺到眩暈。feeble a.虛弱的,無力的,常用來形容人的聲音或行為。
The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.這個(gè)老太太已經(jīng)很虛弱了,無法照顧她自己。fragile a.脆弱的,易碎的,指物體容易打碎,或人體質(zhì)虛弱、容易受傷害。That dish is fragile, so be careful.那個(gè)盤子容易碎,所以千萬小心。
weak a.這組詞中應(yīng)用范圍最廣的一個(gè),既可以指身體虛弱的,無力的,也可引申為在力量、權(quán)力、技能、影響等方面有欠缺或軟弱。The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血,身體開始虛弱下去。feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic feasible a.可行的,行得通的,用來表示實(shí)施后可以成功的。
Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作計(jì)劃是可行的,所以我們可以馬上修建那座橋。practicable a.能實(shí)施的,可行的,只表示一種可能性,但是實(shí)施后的效果不一定理想。
Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他們的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于離婚似乎是唯一可行的解決辦法。
practical a.實(shí)踐的,實(shí)用的,實(shí)際的,指未經(jīng)過實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的事物,如計(jì)劃、項(xiàng)目等。
She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在課上學(xué)到的大部分知識(shí)都沒有實(shí)際用途。pragmatic a.講究實(shí)際的,實(shí)用的,務(wù)實(shí)的,強(qiáng)調(diào)用常識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題,不追求不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)。
He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成為一名醫(yī)生,但是他很實(shí)際,知道自己上不起醫(yī)學(xué)院。
gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare 這一組動(dòng)詞都含有”看“的意思。
gaze v.凝視,注視,指由于好奇、感嘆、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看。
She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝視著自己的這顆美麗嶄新的鉆戒。gape v.(張著嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種吃驚的狀態(tài)。
The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在動(dòng)物園,孩子們張大了嘴巴呆呆地看著大象。glance v.(粗略地、隨便地)一瞥,看一眼。
He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把剛收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。glare v.怒目而視,強(qiáng)調(diào)懷有敵意或在氣憤的情緒下看;眩目地照射。
The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地沖她大聲喊叫,她也怒目而視。glimpse v.與glance意思相近,短促地看一眼,一瞥。
peer v.指瞇起眼睛仔細(xì)看,尤指看不清楚的情況下;費(fèi)力地看,凝視。
Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因?yàn)橛悬c(diǎn)近視,她有瞇著眼睛看人的習(xí)慣。peep v.窺視,偷看。
The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母親偷偷向臥室看了一下,看她的孩子是否睡著了。stare v.凝視,盯著,指由于好奇、驚訝、贊嘆等原因而瞪大眼睛長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地、直接地注視,常常含有粗魯無禮的意思。I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman;it wasn't nice.我告訴兒子不要盯著那個(gè)胖女人,那樣看人不禮貌。historical, historic 這兩個(gè)形容詞都和”歷史“有關(guān)系。
historical a.歷史上的,有關(guān)歷史的,史學(xué)方面的,以歷史為基礎(chǔ)的。The French Revolution was of great historical importance.法國(guó)革命具有重要的歷史意義。historic a.歷史上著名的,重要的。
a historic meeting between two leaders兩個(gè)領(lǐng)袖間的歷史性會(huì)晤 hospitality, hostility 這是一組形近易混詞。
hospitality n.熱情招待,殷勤好客。
We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下的居所熱情地招待了我們,使我們過得很愉快。hostility n.來自與形容詞hostile(不友善的,敵對(duì)的),敵意,對(duì)抗。
You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感覺到那個(gè)人的敵意。hypercritical, hypocritical hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的,批評(píng)苛刻的。
He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻,對(duì)于學(xué)生的每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都要糾正。hypocritical a.虛偽的,偽善的。hypocritical behavior偽善的行為 ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”忽略“的意思。
ignore v.忽視,不理睬,指有意識(shí)地拒絕。
She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看見他走過來,但是裝作沒看見。neglect v.忽視,忽略,疏忽,指無意識(shí)地忽視或忘記。
He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘記了修理房子。
omit v.遺漏,忽略,忘記,指由于疏忽而忘記,也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。
She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在實(shí)驗(yàn)中遺漏了幾個(gè)步驟,結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了。overlook v.忽略,疏漏,指有意識(shí)地遺漏,也可以指無意識(shí)地忽略。
The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母親忽視了她的小兒子的不良行為。imaginable, imaginary, imaginative imaginable a.可想象的,往往作后置定語,所修飾的名詞前常加all,every,only或形容詞的最高級(jí)。In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的繪畫中,她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。imaginary a.虛構(gòu)的,想象中的。
The child has an imaginary friend.那個(gè)孩子有個(gè)假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。
an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家 imitate, intimate, intimidate 這是一組形近易混詞。
imitate v.模仿,仿效;復(fù)制,仿造。
The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那個(gè)男孩模仿他父親說話的樣子。intimate a.親密的;溫馨的,舒適的。
We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我們自年輕時(shí)代起就建立了親密的友誼。intimidate v.恐嚇,威脅。
An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一個(gè)年齡大一點(diǎn)的男孩恐嚇那些小孩子,并且搶走了他們的午飯錢。
imperial, imperious imperial a.帝國(guó)的,帝王的;帝王般的,威嚴(yán)的;英制的(非公制的度量衡制,如磅,加侖,品脫等)。the imperial guards帝國(guó)衛(wèi)士 imperious a.傲慢的,專橫的。The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那個(gè)嚴(yán)厲父親對(duì)孩子的態(tài)度很專橫。imply, infer imply v.(從言語或態(tài)度中)暗示,暗指(某種事情)。
The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.財(cái)政大臣暗示利率將下降。infer v.(根據(jù)已知事實(shí))推斷,推理。
I infer from your smile that you are happy.從你的笑容可以看出你很高興。industrial, industrious 這是一組形近易混詞。
industrial a.工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的,來自于名詞industry。
Industrial production is up this year;but agriculture is weak.今年的工業(yè)產(chǎn)值上升了,但是農(nóng)業(yè)依然薄弱。industrious a.勤奮的,忙碌的。
She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己開了一家公司,因此很忙碌。initial, original, primitive initial a.開始的,最初的,強(qiáng)調(diào)處于事物的起始階段,也可以指位于開頭地方的。
My initial good opinion of him changed with time.時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了我對(duì)他最初的好印象改變了。
original a.最初的,最早的;原版的,原物的。指按順序是首位的,在此前不再有更為原始的同類的東西;也指原件的,原物的,非仿造的東西。This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在這架鋼琴上,這位作曲家創(chuàng)作出了他的一些偉大的作品。
primitive a.原始的,上古的,早期的,指處于人類生命或事物發(fā)展的早期階段,也可以指自然的或簡(jiǎn)樸的。Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亞馬遜河盆地。interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb 這幾個(gè)詞都有”干擾“的意思。
interfere v.干涉,妨礙。常指干涉或妨礙他人(的事),著重指有影響,當(dāng)”干涉“講時(shí),后多接in,當(dāng)”妨礙,打擾“時(shí)后多接with。It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉別人夫婦間的事是不明智的 intervene v.干涉,干預(yù),較為正式,常指帶有行動(dòng)的干預(yù);此外,還有”調(diào)停“的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家長(zhǎng)打孩子你會(huì)干預(yù)嗎? interrupt v.打擾,打斷,阻礙。常有”使……停止(中斷)“的意思。
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的講話頻頻被掌聲所打斷。disturb v.打擾,妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩夢(mèng)妨礙她的睡眠。invaluable, valueless invaluable a.無價(jià)的,非常寶貴的,相當(dāng)于priceless。
Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你幫忙搬那個(gè)大冰箱,你的幫助是可貴的。valueless a.沒有價(jià)值的,相當(dāng)于worthless。
That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那個(gè)手鐲是一件便宜的、不值錢的首飾。jealous, envious jealous a.妒忌的,暗含有憎惡與不好的感情。
He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.當(dāng)別的男人和他的女朋友說話時(shí)間],他會(huì)很嫉妒。envious a.羨慕的,強(qiáng)調(diào)攀比心理所造成的羨慕。
He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羨慕我的新車,也想要一輛同樣的。judicial, judicious 這是一組形近易混詞。
judicial a.司法的,法律的,法庭的。
The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系統(tǒng)解決人與人之間的爭(zhēng)端。judicious a.果斷的,明智的,是個(gè)正式用語。
He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一個(gè)明智的決定,要為他的晚年攢錢。minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate 這一組形容詞都有”次等“的意思。
minor a較少的,較小的,較次要的,常含有輕微的但并非不重要的意思。
We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我們對(duì)合同中的一切問題,甚至是細(xì)枝末節(jié)都達(dá)成了一致。inferior a.次等的,較劣的,差的,當(dāng)”下級(jí)“講時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)職位的高低;當(dāng)”次等“講時(shí),指素質(zhì)、質(zhì)量等的低劣。Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.產(chǎn)于瑞士的葡萄酒多數(shù)要比法國(guó)的差。secondary a.第二等的,次要的,強(qiáng)調(diào)在重要性或順序上處于第二位。
My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身體來說不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的,從屬的,下級(jí)的,強(qiáng)調(diào)主次地位或支配和隸屬的關(guān)系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她對(duì)下級(jí)官員一向和藹可親。opt, apt 這是一對(duì)形近易混詞。opt v.選擇,抉擇,后接for。
She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她選擇了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于……的,(后接to);恰當(dāng)?shù)?,貼切的。
She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你給她施加的壓力過大,她就很容易出錯(cuò)。rational, reasonable rational a.理性的,區(qū)別于無理性;理智的,區(qū)別于感情用事的。
The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看醫(yī)生。reasonable a.有道理的,公平合理的,或指人講道理的。
That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那個(gè)人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。refrain, restrain, constrain refrain v.抑制,禁止,強(qiáng)調(diào)抑制一種沖動(dòng),是正式用語,為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.學(xué)生們克制住不在教師抽煙。
restrain v.抑制,約束,指通過管束阻止某事發(fā)生,是及物動(dòng)詞,其習(xí)慣用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗時(shí),她牽著狗來限制它的活動(dòng)。constrain v.強(qiáng)迫,力勸,是及物動(dòng)詞。
A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府開支大于收入。respectable, respectful, respective 這是一組形近易混詞。
respectable a.值得尊敬的,有好名聲的。
They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)是受人們敬愛和信任的人。respectful a.尊敬他人的,恭敬的。
Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.師生應(yīng)該相互彬彬有禮。respective a.單個(gè)的,分別的。revolve, evolve, involve revolve v.旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子開始旋轉(zhuǎn),然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.發(fā)展,演變。
Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.幾千年來,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展得很緩慢。involve v.需要,包含;使卷入,牽涉。
Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到駕駛執(zhí)照需要學(xué)習(xí)開車,學(xué)習(xí)交通規(guī)則,還要經(jīng)過考試。sanction, sanitation sanction n.認(rèn)可,準(zhǔn)許,批準(zhǔn)。
I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批準(zhǔn)。sanitation n.公共衛(wèi)生,環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。
Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理發(fā)店和餐館等營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的公共衛(wèi)生制度。scenery, scene, view, landscape 這一組名詞都有”景色"的意思。
scenery n.風(fēng)景,景色,舞臺(tái)布景,強(qiáng)調(diào)從美的角度看,某個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的總體外貌。
Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我們每年到山區(qū)渡假,并欣賞那里的風(fēng)景。scene n.指從遠(yuǎn)處看到的某一具體景色、景象,也可以指人物的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)面;(犯罪的)地點(diǎn),現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他們站在那里,注視著孩子們?cè)诠珗@里玩耍的場(chǎng)景。view n.指從遠(yuǎn)處或窗戶看到的視野范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)景;觀點(diǎn),看法。Our house has a view of the park.我們的房子可以看到公園的景色。landscape n.(自然的)風(fēng)景,景色;風(fēng)景畫。
The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巔看到的是一片美麗的綠色。sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational 這是一組形近易混詞。
sensible a.有知覺的,可感知的;明智的。
The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人雖然不能說話但仍然有知覺。sensitive a.敏感的,靈敏的。
This film is sensitive to light.這種膠片對(duì)光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的,感傷的。
The novel has scenes full of love and loss;it is so sentimental!小說有多處場(chǎng)景充滿愛情的悲歡離合,真是感傷??!sensational a.聳人聽聞的,令人激動(dòng)的。
I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我聽到一則聳人聽聞的故事:十歲女孩做媽媽。technological, technical 這是一組形近易混詞。technological a.技術(shù)上的。
a major technological breakthrough主要技術(shù)性突破 technical a.技術(shù)的,工藝(學(xué))的;專門的,深?yuàn)W的。
The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.銀行家在他的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的演說中提出了幾個(gè)很專業(yè)的論點(diǎn)。transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer 這是一組在考研和CET-6中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的形近易混詞。transaction n.交易行為,處理。
Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天證券交易所的股票成交額上升了。transition n.(從一種情況到另一種的)過渡,更替。
The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.對(duì)于學(xué)生來說,從中學(xué)到大學(xué)的過渡會(huì)是困難的。transmission n.傳播(比如疾病);廣播。
The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.細(xì)菌通過接觸、呼吸和飲食傳播。transformation n.(外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變,改觀,轉(zhuǎn)變。
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.他結(jié)婚之后性格判若兩人。transfer n.轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)讓;(工作的)調(diào)動(dòng);(旅途中的)換乘,改變路線。
The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.這個(gè)足球俱樂部的守門員在此過得不愉快,已經(jīng)要求轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)到其他俱樂部。
第三篇:考研英語寫作替換詞.新東方老師總結(jié)
1.individuals,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替換bad 如果bad做表語,可以有be less impressive替換
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.注:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有詞。Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因?yàn)槭菚嬲Z,所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits)10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞,副詞用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替換 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 23.desire 替換want.24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替換remember 26.enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction替換communication 28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible
寫作詞匯雜談
存
在come to be;come into existence;come to birth;come into being 考慮consider;take into consideration;take into account 考慮到in consideration of 用盡力氣exhaust one’s strength;use up one’s strength 開動(dòng)initiate;set going 準(zhǔn)備…brace for;prepare for 在于lie in;rest on;rest with 主動(dòng)take the initiative 不算exclusive of;not counting;leaving out 應(yīng)該得到deserve;have right to;is worthy of 避免avoid;shun;get around;circumvent 幻想fantasy;play of the mind 以此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來算by this criterion;by this standard 乍看之下at first glance 面對(duì)in the face of;in the presence of 以by means of;by virtue of;by the use of 不惜代價(jià)at all costs 每況愈下from bad to worse 承受錯(cuò)誤造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 取得同意…get the go-ahead to 不擇手段unscrupulously;by hook or by crook 想法與作法beliefs and practices 內(nèi)情ins and outs;turns and twists 關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻the critical moment 雖然although;notwithstanding;albeit;though 根
據(jù)according to;on the basis of;on the ground of(that);in the light of;in line with;in accordance with 逃避問題evade the question 增大enlarge;extend;aggrandize 澄清clarify;make clear 賠償compensate for;give…as compensation for 實(shí)現(xiàn)carry out;implement;realize;make…come true 假定suppose;assume;postulate;hypothesize 極端的radical;extreme 極端的措施drastic measures 剩下的the rest;the remainder;what is left 換言之in other words;put another way 結(jié)果result;aftermath;consequence 優(yōu)點(diǎn)advantage;strength;strong point;merit;benefit 簡(jiǎn)言之put simply;in short;in brief;in a nutshell 舉
例
而
言for instance;for example;to illustrate;let us cite 特別是an illustration;to cite a concrete case 特
別
是especially;more than others;particularly;in particular 既然…now that…;seeing that…
跡象inkling;hint;clue;a slight suggestion 缺
點(diǎn)disadvantage;demerit;shortcoming;drawback;weakness 除去do away with;eliminate;remove;get rid of 缺少for lack of;for a deficiency of 畢竟after all;all in all 范圍scope;field;realm 潛力potential;行為conduct;behavior;doings 隔絕isolate;insulate 分辨出identify;recognize 不易懂的elusive;hard to understand 展開unfold 回饋feedback 主導(dǎo)的人
物a dominant figure;a controlling man;the most influential person 觀點(diǎn)viewpoint;point of view;perspective;standpoint 正在進(jìn)行中is underway 只是一種姿態(tài)is merely a gesture 立場(chǎng)position;stand;stance 意向inclination;leaning;intention 特權(quán)privilege;a special right 來自stem from;come from 一件事的不同說法alternative statements of fact 交織intertwine;interweave 好奇心the eager desire to know;curiosity 尊敬respect;esteem;think highly of 頑固的headstrong;obstinate;stubborn 暗淡的gloomy;dark;dim 巨大的huge;gigantic;colossal;vast;enormous;tremendous 探索explore;fathom 執(zhí)行carry out;execute;do 現(xiàn)代modern times;modern age;contemporary age 偏見prejudice;bias;partiality;predilection 混亂chaos;commotion;confusion;disturbance;tumult 無彈性(僵硬)rigid 無缺點(diǎn)的flawless;airtight 無藥可救incurable 無法避免的unavoidable;inevitable 細(xì)密的計(jì)劃elaborate plan 取消cancel;annul;abolish 解藥a cure for…;a remedy for;謎puzzle;riddle;enigma
第四篇:新東方考研熟詞僻義核心詞匯總結(jié)
新東方考研熟詞僻義核心詞匯總結(jié) academic a.①學(xué)校的,學(xué)院的;②學(xué)術(shù)的;n.學(xué)者,大學(xué)教師
【真題例句】 If the preoccupation of schools with academic(a.①)work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年閱讀4] 【例句精譯】 如果學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)的強(qiáng)調(diào)減少一些,也許就有更多的時(shí)間教孩子更重要的價(jià)值觀念。
【真題例句】 Mr.McWhorter?s academic(a.②)speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年閱讀4]
例句精譯】 麥克沃特先生的學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)在于語言史和語言變化,舉例來說,他認(rèn)為“whom”一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。
【真題例句】 Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic(n.)and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude.[1998年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 哈佛學(xué)者倫納德·施萊辛格是一家迅速擴(kuò)張的美ζ面包店的前總裁,他說,許多“企業(yè)重組”都不成熟。accommodate ①留宿,收容;②供應(yīng),供給;③使適應(yīng);使符合
【真題例句】 And they also need to give serious(21:thought)to how they can be best(22:accommodate)(③)such changes.[2003年完形] 【例句精譯】 他們也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮青少年是如何適應(yīng)這些變化的。
3.acknowledge v.①承認(rèn),認(rèn)為;②致謝;③確認(rèn)
【真題例句】 Dr.Worm acknowledges(①)that these figures are conservative, one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.[2006年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 Worm博士承認(rèn)這些數(shù)據(jù)還是保守的,一個(gè)原因就是捕漁技術(shù)已經(jīng)改進(jìn)了很多。
4.act v.①行動(dòng),做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表,代替;n.①行為,動(dòng)作;②
(一)幕;③法令,條例
【真題例句】 Governments throughout the world act(v.②)on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.[2000年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 世界各國(guó)的政府都基于一種觀點(diǎn)行政,即人民的福利在很大程度上取決于本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和國(guó)家的財(cái)富。
【真題例句】 The paid manager acting(v.④)for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar 1 personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[1996年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 代表公司進(jìn)行管理的領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理們與工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的關(guān)系,但甚至他們也很少像正在被淘汰的舊式家族企業(yè)的家長(zhǎng)制中的雇主那樣熟悉和了解工人的情況。
【真題例句】 Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act(n.①)to alter the growth pattern of different areas.[1996年翻譯] 【例句精譯】 然而,不同的發(fā)展過程中,有些不怎?合理——在這些發(fā)展過程中,一些權(quán)威人士對(duì)科學(xué)研究應(yīng)該采取的方式有偏見,從而改變了不同科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展模式。
【真題例句】 The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government?s Broadcasting Act(n.③)to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.[1996年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 按撒切爾政府廣播法的要求,商業(yè)電視頻道——第一和第四頻道——正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化,彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廣告業(yè)務(wù),降低成本,裁減員工。
5.address n.地址,通訊處,致詞;v.①致函,寫姓名地址;②向……講話;③處理 【真題例句】 Depending on whom you are addressing(v.②), the problems will be different.[2002年閱讀1] 【例句精譯】 針對(duì)不同的聽眾,要談的問題也應(yīng)該不同。6.aggressive
a.①侵略的,好斗的;②大膽的,積極的
【真題例句】 Now it is a social policy, the most important and aggressive(②)promoter of gambling in America is the government.[2006年新題型]
【例句精譯】 現(xiàn)在這是一種社會(huì)政策,賭博業(yè)最重要的和最激進(jìn)的支持者是美國(guó)政府。anchor n.①ê;②新聞節(jié)目主持人;v.拋ê,停泊
【真題例句】 Fast-food eaters, news anchors(n.②), text messengers, all smiling, smiling.[2006年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 快餐食客、新聞主播、發(fā)短信的人,都在微笑、微笑。
【真題例句】 Hot spots, anchored(v.)in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.[1998年閱讀5] 【例句精譯】 λ于地殼深處的熱點(diǎn)提供了解決該問題的測(cè)量依據(jù)。8 Appreciate v.①感謝,感激;②正確評(píng)價(jià),欣賞,賞識(shí)
【真題例句】 66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that_____.[2000年閱讀4]
【真題例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will 2 improve only when there are(17:comprehensive)programs that address(v.③)the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【例句精譯】 《波士頓環(huán)球日?qǐng)?bào)》記者克里斯?雷迪認(rèn)為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求,這種局面才有可能得到改善。[D] the Japanese appreciate(②)their present life
【例句精譯】 66、_____事實(shí)顯示:日本人的生活方式發(fā)生了改變。[D] 日本人欣賞現(xiàn)有的生活
9apprehensive a.①有理解力的;②憂慮的,擔(dān)心的
【真題例句】 52.What is many captive shippers? attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[2003年閱讀3] [D] Apprehensive(②).【例句精譯】
52、許多受控制的托運(yùn)人對(duì)鐵·部門的合并是什?態(tài)度? [D] 擔(dān)心,害怕 Argue v.①爭(zhēng)論,辯論;②認(rèn)為,主張,論證;③說服
【真題例句】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing(①)about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 關(guān)鍵問題是:如果對(duì)人的權(quán)利?有共同認(rèn)識(shí),那?討論動(dòng)物的權(quán)利就是毫無結(jié)果的。
【真題例句】 He is not arguing(②), as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.[2005年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 不像其他大多數(shù)人,麥克沃特先生并不認(rèn)為我們說話方式不規(guī)范就不能使我們直接思考。
11Attach v.①(to)縛上,系上,貼上;②使依附,使隸屬,使依戀;③附加,附帶;④把~放在
【真題例句】 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached(①)to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.[1998年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 1996年對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的調(diào)查表明,反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽也貼在了許多其他群體身上,這些人包括從提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。
【真題例句】 They(particularly Quebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached(③).[2005年新題型]
【例句精譯】 這些官員(尤其是魁北克省和阿伯塔?。┲幌M?dāng)局額外出錢,如有可能,還會(huì)附帶條件?!菊骖}例句】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached(④)great importance to, and derived great benefit from, 3 craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 推崇技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代學(xué)派認(rèn)為,像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯Τ、愛因斯坦這樣的大師以及像愛迪生這樣的發(fā)明家都非常重視科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的不同技術(shù)信息和技術(shù)設(shè)施,并從中受益頗深。
12contend v.①競(jìng)爭(zhēng),斗爭(zhēng);②堅(jiān)決主張,聲稱,認(rèn)為
【真題例句】 It is the playgoers, the RSC contends(②), who bring in much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 皇家莎士比亞公司(RSC)聲稱是看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶來了大部分收入,因?yàn)樗麄冋麄€(gè)晚上(有時(shí)甚至是四、五個(gè)晚上)都把錢花到旅館和飯店上。
13Cook n.炊事員,廚師;v.①烹調(diào),煮,燒;②α造
【真題例句】 If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook(n.①)14beam ①(橫)梁,桁條;②(光線的)束,柱;v.①微笑;②發(fā)光
【真題例句】 Our magazines feature beaming(v.①)celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 我們的雜志突出刊登滿面春風(fēng)的名人和美滿幸福的家庭。
15cement
n.①水泥;②膠泥,膠接劑;v.①膠合;②鞏固,加強(qiáng)
【真題例句】 Egypt?s leadership in the Arab world was cemented(v.②)by the Aswan High Dam.[1998年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 埃及在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地λ因阿斯旺大壩而得以鞏固。16Chair n.①椅子;②主席(職λ);vt.主持,擔(dān)任
【真題例句】 “It?s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair(n.②)of psychology at Chicago?s Medical Center,“If you don?t like it, change it.”[2005年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 芝加哥醫(yī)療中心心理部主任Rosalind Cartwright指出“這是你的夢(mèng),你不喜歡它,你可以改變它”。
【真題例句】 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired(vt.)by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[1999年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 他宣稱反對(duì)利用這種非同尋常的畜牧學(xué)技術(shù)去克?人,并下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦資金做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)——盡管還?有人提出那樣的要求——并責(zé)令成立一個(gè)由 4 普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅德?夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立專家小組,在90天內(nèi)拿出有關(guān)克?人的國(guó)策建議,向白宮匯報(bào)。
17climate
n.①氣候;②風(fēng)氣,社會(huì)思潮
【真題例句】 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates(①).[1998年閱讀4] 【例句精譯】 逃離人口過度稠密區(qū)的做法改變了以前那種離開寒冷地帶去氣候宜人之地的趨勢(shì)。
【真題例句】 When the work is well done, a(43:climate)(②)of accident-free operations is established(44:where)time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[1999年完形]
【例句精譯】 如果此項(xiàng)工作做得好的話,就會(huì)形成無事故作業(yè)的好風(fēng)氣,因此那兒的因工傷事故所造成的時(shí)間損失就會(huì)被控制在最低限度。
18Code n.①代碼,代號(hào),密碼;②法典,法規(guī),規(guī)劃
【真題例句】 Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code(①)during World War II to send secret messages.[2004年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 美洲的土著語言是如此地“與眾不同”,甚至美軍在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中用土著語言Navajo發(fā)送密碼。
【真題例句】(49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code(②), which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.[2006年翻譯] 【例句精譯】(49)但是,普通科學(xué)家的主要任務(wù)并非思考指導(dǎo)其行為的道德規(guī)范,正如我們并不指望商人把精力投入到商業(yè)行為的探索一樣。
19column
n.①圓柱,柱狀物;②列;③(報(bào)刊中的)專欄
【真題例句】 “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column(③), “l(fā)ies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”[1997年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 他在《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》一篇專欄文章中寫道:“對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不在于它能多有效地壓制各種情感的表達(dá),而在于是否給予了人們思考和表達(dá)的最廣泛的自由,盡管有時(shí)這種結(jié)果會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)論和憤怒?!?/p>
【真題例句】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook(n.②)his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.[2006年翻譯] 【例句精譯】 像其他人類一樣,普通科學(xué)家甚至在?天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道義上的問題——他不應(yīng)該α造他的實(shí)驗(yàn)、制造證據(jù)或改動(dòng)他的報(bào)告。20 Coverage n.①新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)(范Φ);②保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目
【真題例句】 With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation?s news coverage(①), as well as listen to it.[1996年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 隨著BBC(英國(guó)廣播公司)全世界電視節(jié)目的開播,亞洲和美洲的數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人不僅可以聽到它的新聞廣播,而且也能看到它的電視新聞報(bào)道了。21Crack n.①裂紋,縫隙;②破裂聲;v.①(使)開裂;②解決;③(get ~ing)開始
【真題例句】 As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks)(n.①);in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.[1998年閱讀5] 【例句精譯】 隨著這個(gè)圓頂?shù)脑龃?,板塊出現(xiàn)深深的裂縫。至少有幾次,大?可能會(huì)沿著其中的一些裂縫完全裂開,因此這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)就引發(fā)了一個(gè)新的海洋的形成?!菊骖}例句】 Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked(v.①)rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.[1997年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 因此,才會(huì)有人將貨幣政策的指導(dǎo)作用比作是駕駛一輛帶有黑色擋風(fēng)玻璃、破碎的后視鏡及方向盤失靈的破汽車。
【真題例句】 So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking(v.③)about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[2005年新題型]
【例句精譯】 所以,當(dāng)官員們聚集在尼亞加拉瀑布城像往常一樣不停的抱怨時(shí),他們也應(yīng)該在自己的權(quán)限范Φ內(nèi)開始做些有利于他們的預(yù)算和病人的事情。22craft n.①工藝,手藝,技巧;②飛機(jī),飛船;③行業(yè);v.精工制作
【真題例句】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft(n.①)information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 推崇技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代學(xué)派認(rèn)為,像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯Τ、愛因斯坦這樣的大師以及像愛迪生這樣的發(fā)明家都非常重視科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的不同技術(shù)信息和技術(shù)設(shè)施,并從中受益頗深。
【真題例句】 The irony of the historian? s craft(n.③)is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.[1999年翻譯] 【例句精譯】 具有諷刺意ζ的是,在歷史學(xué)領(lǐng)域,歷史學(xué)家都知道,他們所做的努力只不過是為一個(gè)永無止境的研究過程做一些貢獻(xiàn)罷了。
23deliver v.①交付,遞送;②發(fā)表,表達(dá),陳述;③釋放;④接生
【真題例句】 Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver 6(①)a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers? computer monitors.[1999年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 最突出的例子是“定向投影”網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司,該公司使用一種屏保系統(tǒng),將大量最新的信息和廣告不斷地傳送到用戶的計(jì)算機(jī)顯示器上。
【真題例句】 Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver(②)in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】(練習(xí)幽默)包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話,你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來。24digest
v.消化;n.摘要,文摘
【真題例句】 70.This passage appears to be a digest(n.)of _____.[1996年閱讀5]
[A] a book review
【例句精譯】 70、本文似乎是_____的摘要。[A] 一個(gè)書評(píng)
25discipline n.①紀(jì)律;②學(xué)科;③訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)導(dǎo);④懲罰,處罰;vt.①訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)導(dǎo);②懲罰,約束
【真題例句】(72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline(n.②)and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.[1999年翻譯]
【例句精譯】(72)人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論,主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一,其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)問。
【真題例句】 As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline(n.③), the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”[1996年閱讀4] 【例句精譯】 正如1853年訪美的一個(gè)英國(guó)訪問團(tuán)成員所報(bào)道的那樣,“由于有了學(xué)校徹底訓(xùn)練過的頭腦,美國(guó)孩子迅速地成為技術(shù)熟練的工人。”
【真題例句】 The cruel discipline(n.④)of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other?s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.[1996年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 罷工和封廠的無情懲罰使雙方學(xué)會(huì)了互相尊重對(duì)方的力量,理解公正談判的價(jià)值。
26dismiss v.①免職,解雇,開除,解散;②.不理會(huì),不考慮
【真題例句】 He dismisses(②)a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”[1998年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 他對(duì)重組顧問們所作的大量工作不屑一顧,然為那些完全是垃圾——“典型的勞而無獲”。
27dock n.船塢,碼頭;v.入塢,停靠碼頭
【真題例句】 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m.[2006年新題型]
【例句精譯】 有時(shí)他一次玩兩個(gè)機(jī)器,整夜的玩,直到早上5點(diǎn)關(guān)門,然后娛樂場(chǎng)早上9點(diǎn)開門時(shí)再回去。
28Doctor n.①博士;②醫(yī)生;v.α造,篡改
【真題例句】 “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter.“Oh, that?s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he?s a doctor(n.②).”[2002年閱讀1] 【例句精譯】 “這是誰?。俊毙聛淼娜藛柺ケ说?。“哦,那是上帝,”他回答說,“但有時(shí)也認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生?!?【真題例句】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor(v.)his reports.[2006年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 像其他人類一樣,普通科學(xué)家甚至在?天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道義上的問題——他不應(yīng)該α造他的實(shí)驗(yàn)、制造證據(jù)或改動(dòng)他的報(bào)告。29 Document n.公文,文獻(xiàn);vt.記載,證明
【真題例句】 Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents(vt.)is unmistakable.[2005年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 麥克沃特先生從上層和下層文化中列舉了一系列有趣的例子,從中我們可以看出他所記?的這種趨勢(shì)不可避免。30 draft n.草稿,草案,草圖;v.起草,草擬
【真題例句】 That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission(NBAC)— has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft(n.)of their recommendations.[1999年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 這個(gè)名為“全國(guó)生物倫理道德顧問委員會(huì)”(NBAC)的小組一直在非常積極的工作,集思廣益,并正在將其意見寫成報(bào)告;在5月17日的一次會(huì)議上,委員們就幾乎定稿的建議書取得了一致意見。
【真題例句】 “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft(v.)the new guidelines.[1999年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 康奈爾大學(xué)法學(xué)院一λ參與起草新綱要的教授說,“重要的信息會(huì)淹?在細(xì)枝末節(jié)的汪洋大海之中”。
31Dramatic a.①戲劇的,戲劇性的;②劇烈的,激進(jìn)的;③顯著的,引人注目的【真題例句】 Yet, dramatic(①)instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.[1995年閱讀5] 【例句精譯】 然而戲劇性地突然遺忘某事可能會(huì)帶來適應(yīng) 8 性方面的問題。
【真題例句】 As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic(②)measures may be ineffective and painful.[2003年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 作為一名醫(yī)生,我深知最昂貴和最激進(jìn)的手段也可能是無效的和痛苦的;
【真題例句】 Straitford?s briefs don?t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic(③)declarations on the chance they might be wrong.[2003年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 Straitford公司的簡(jiǎn)報(bào)?有華盛頓許多其他公司常常提供的那種閃爍其詞的預(yù)報(bào),其他公司這?做是為了避免萬一預(yù)報(bào)不準(zhǔn)備人抓住把柄。
32element n.①元素;②組成部分;③人員,分子
【真題例句】 They are different(46:in that)their elements(①)are arranged differently, and each vitamin(47:performs)one or more specific functions in the body.[1996年完形]
【例句精譯】 它們的不同之處在于?種維生素內(nèi)部的元素排列不同,并且?種維生素在人體內(nèi)都有一種或多種特殊作用。
【真題例句】 Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element(②)in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[1996年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 對(duì)資本與企業(yè)的如此大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大地增加了作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的持股人的數(shù)量及其地λ的重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國(guó)計(jì)民生的一部分,不僅從地產(chǎn)和土地所有者的責(zé)任中脫離出來,而且?guī)缀跸鄳?yīng)地也從企業(yè)管理的責(zé)任中脫離出來?!菊骖}例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element(③)and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 通過聘用大量專業(yè)人員來適應(yīng)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在過去這種低效率曾使得許多舊式家族企業(yè)在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二、三代手中破產(chǎn)倒閉。
33engage
v.①(in)從事,?于;②(to)與……訂婚;③聘用;④吸引 【真題例句】 Nevertheless Williams?s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage(①)in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新題型] 【例句精譯】 然而威廉姆斯還是控告娛樂場(chǎng),明知道他“不可救藥地賭博上癮”還故意“誘惑”他“Υ背他自己的意愿參加賭博”。
【真題例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging(③)a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 通過聘用大量專業(yè)人員來適應(yīng)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在過去這種低效率曾使得許多舊式家族企業(yè)在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二、三代手中破產(chǎn)倒閉。
【真題例句】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage(④)sympathy.[1997年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說,看見一個(gè)動(dòng)物在受苦,足以引起他們同情。
34experiment n.試驗(yàn);v.(on)做實(shí)驗(yàn)
【真題例句】 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments(n.)it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.[1999年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 在實(shí)踐中,科學(xué)成果的取得依賴于做有準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)驗(yàn),但更依賴于有思想準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察者。
【真題例句】 He experimented(vi.)with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.[1994年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 他是對(duì)抗菌物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)9年的實(shí)驗(yàn)才有了這項(xiàng)發(fā)明。35 Fabricate v.①捏造,編造(謊言,借口等);②建造,制造
【真題例句】(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating(①)their data.[2004年翻譯] 【例句精譯】(63)這些新近被描述的語言和得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著,以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。
Fair a.①公平的,合理的;②相當(dāng)?shù)?,尚好的;③晴朗的;④金發(fā)的;n.集市,交易會(huì),博覽會(huì)
【真題例句】 To be fair(a.①), this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.[1997年閱讀2] 【例句精譯】平心而論,人們對(duì)加拿大人也有這樣的評(píng)論,因而,應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為這是北美的普遍現(xiàn)象。
【真題例句】 In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs(n.)and at the industrial fairs in major cities.[1996年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 在美國(guó),獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)新發(fā)明的大量獎(jiǎng)品在鄉(xiāng)村集市和大城市的工業(yè)博覽會(huì)上頒發(fā)。
fashion n.①流行式樣(或貨品),風(fēng)尚,風(fēng)氣;②樣子,方式;vt.形成,制作,塑造
【真題例句】 More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion(n.①), companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.[1999年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 最近,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)已被證明不是一時(shí)的時(shí)髦之后,公司間便開始(在網(wǎng)上)交易產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。
【真題例句】 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion(n.②), chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.[1998年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 他的同事邁克·比爾說,太多的企業(yè)以機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行重組,降低了成本卻?有考慮到長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)效益?!菊骖}例句】 If the Administration won?t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning(vt.)conservation measures.[2005年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 假如政府當(dāng)局?有采取司法行動(dòng),議會(huì)就應(yīng)該協(xié)助來推廣環(huán)保措施。
Feature n.①特征,特色;②(報(bào)紙或雜志)特寫;③容ò,面ò;v.給顯著地λ
【真題例句】 The complementary coastlines and certain geological features(n.①)that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.[1998年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 但互相吻合的海岸線和某些似乎跨越海洋的地質(zhì)特征表明兩個(gè)大?曾經(jīng)連在一起。
【真題例句】 70.This passage appears to be a digest of _____.[1996年閱讀5] [C] a magazine feature(n.②)
【例句精譯】 70、本文似乎是_____的摘要。[C] 一份雜志特寫
【真題例句】 68.Kitcher?s book is intended to _____.[1996年閱讀5] expose the true features(n.③)of creationists
【例句精譯】 68、肯切爾的書旨在_____。披?所ν科學(xué)創(chuàng)世論者的真實(shí)面目
【真題例句】 Our magazines feature(v.)beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 我們的雜志突出刊登滿面春風(fēng)的名人和美滿幸福的家庭。39 Field n.①田,田野;②運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng);③領(lǐng)域,方面;④實(shí)地,野外
【真題例句】 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field(③)of activity.[1994年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 關(guān)鍵在于得分最多者正是那些射門次數(shù)最多的球員,而任何領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng) 11 新活動(dòng)都是如此。
【真題例句】 Anthropology is a field-study(④)oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.[2003年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 人類學(xué)是一個(gè)以實(shí)地研究為方向的學(xué)科,該學(xué)科在研究中常常大量使用對(duì)比分析方法。
figure n.①體形;②數(shù)字;③圖形;④人物;v.(out)算出,估計(jì),推測(cè)
【真題例句】 In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates that figure(n.②)will be 75 percent.[1994年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 國(guó)家癌癥研究所估計(jì),到2000年存活率將升至75%。
【真題例句】 Americans no longer expect public figures(n.④), whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.[2005年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 美國(guó)人不再期望公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽魑恼轮畷r(shí)可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用英語了,而他們自己本身也不奢望自己能夠做到這一點(diǎn)。41 Finance n.①財(cái)政,金融;②資金;v.為……提供資金
【真題例句】 This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances(n.②)necessary for production costs.[2005年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 這也要求歐洲國(guó)家達(dá)成共識(shí),并效仿能解決生產(chǎn)所需資金的歐洲投資銀行的模式,來創(chuàng)立一個(gè)歐洲節(jié)目制作資源庫。
【真題例句】 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain?s former colony.They financed(v.)them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now? The Americans.[2001年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 英國(guó)人、德國(guó)人、荷蘭人和法國(guó)人都在這個(gè)前英國(guó)殖民地投資。他們提供資金,美洲移民建造。想想看,現(xiàn)在誰擁有這一切?美國(guó)人。42 firm a.11堅(jiān)固的,穩(wěn)固的;12堅(jiān)決的,堅(jiān)定的;n.21公司,商號(hào)
【真題例句】 It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.【例句精譯】 廣告直接有助于商品以合理的價(jià)格銷售,由此建立穩(wěn)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng),并使商品能以富有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格出口。
【真題例句】 Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.【例句精譯】 許多舊式公司被有限責(zé)任公司所取代,由領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理層構(gòu)成其管理機(jī)構(gòu)。
43horizon n.①地平線;②眼界,見識(shí);③(思想等的)范Φ,限度;④(on the ~)12 即將發(fā)生
【真題例句】 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons(③)of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,在拓展科學(xué)知識(shí)的范Φ方面技術(shù)是被忽視的力量。
【真題例句】 For many of us, the “cashless society” is not on the horizon(④)— it?s already here.[1994年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 對(duì)于我們很多人來說,“無現(xiàn)金的社會(huì)”不是即將來臨,而是已經(jīng)到來。
44host n.①主人;②主持人;③東道主;④(a ~ of)許多;v.①舉行;②主持;③主辦
【真題例句】 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host(n.④)of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.[1999年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 無論如何,基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能只是對(duì)成為某種專業(yè)技術(shù)人員所需的各種實(shí)際技能的補(bǔ)充。
【真題例句】(71)There will be television chat shows hosted(v.②)by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.[2001年翻譯] 【例句精譯】(71)屆時(shí),將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視訪談節(jié)目以及裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車,一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)(Υ規(guī)),監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛。45Immediate a.①立即的,即時(shí)的;②直接的,最接近的
【真題例句】 But a decision among projects none of which has immediate(②)utility is more difficult.[1996年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 但是在?有直接效用的項(xiàng)目中做抉擇就難多了。
46import v.進(jìn)口,輸入;n.①進(jìn)口,輸入;②[pl.]進(jìn)口商品,進(jìn)口物資;③重要性
【真題例句】 On the other hand, oil-importing(v.)emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 另一方面,進(jìn)口石油的新興國(guó)家由于轉(zhuǎn)向了重工業(yè),消耗能量更大,因此可能會(huì)受到石油Σ機(jī)的強(qiáng)烈影響。
【真題例句】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import(n.①)bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.[2002年閱讀3] 【例句精譯】 國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì),如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右,與1998年的13美元一桶相比,這也只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口 13 在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。這還不到1974年或1980年收入減少部分的1/4。
【真題例句】 The full import(n.③)may take a while to sink in.[1997年閱讀1] 【例句精譯】 該法案的重要性可能需要一段時(shí)間才能為人們所理解和接受。47 knowledge n.①知識(shí),學(xué)識(shí);②知道,了解
【真題例句】 “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge(①)in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”[2006年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 正如愛默生說的“在人類知識(shí)的一些分支中學(xué)習(xí)是一回事,在公眾的和勤勉的思想中生存就是另外一回事了?!?/p>
【真題例句】 The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge(②)of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.[1996年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 這種股東不了解他們所持股的公司里工人們的生活、思想和需求。他們對(duì)勞資關(guān)系也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
48lean v.①傾斜,屈身;②倚,靠,依賴;a.①瘦的,無脂肪的;②精干的,效率高的;③貧瘠的
【真題例句】 They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)--lean(a.①), pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.[2006年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 他們看起來都一個(gè)樣(雖然他們從各個(gè)地方而來)——瘦削、率直、專注的臉龐,穿著牛仔褲和便鞋,吃著小圓面包,在劇場(chǎng)外的石板上過夜,以便能買得起20張座票和80張站票,這些票都是為那些睡覺的人準(zhǔn)備的,并且在票房第二天上午10點(diǎn)半開始售票時(shí)就賣給他們。
【真題例句】 Friedman relies on a lean(a.②)staff of 20 in Austin.[2003年閱讀1] 【例句精譯】 弗里德曼在奧斯汀市只有20人的精干職員隊(duì)伍。49 lesson n.功課,課程;教訓(xùn)
【真題例句】 The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.[1998年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是:大的δ必總是好的。
50local
a.①地方的,當(dāng)?shù)氐?;②局部?/p>
【真題例句】 The townsfolk don?t see it this way and local(①)council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.[2006年閱 14 讀2]
【例句精譯】 但是市民們不這樣認(rèn)為并且當(dāng)?shù)氐睦硎聲?huì)也不會(huì)直接給皇家莎士比亞公司提供補(bǔ)貼。
【真題例句】 Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local(②)studies in the old way.[2001年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 另一方面,業(yè)余人員繼續(xù)以舊的方式從事局部的研究。
51locate v.①查找;②使……坐落于,λ于
【真題例句】 Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate(①)specific information.[1995年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使人們可以把大量的數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存到機(jī)器可讀的文件里,還能通過計(jì)算機(jī)編程找到某一信息。
【真題例句】 65.We can see from the available statistics that _____.[1998年閱讀4]
the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located(②)in the West 【例句精譯】 65、從得到的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,我們可以看出_____。
人口增長(zhǎng)率排名前十λ的州都λ于西部地區(qū)
maintain
v.①維修,保養(yǎng);②維持,保持;③堅(jiān)持,主張,支持
【真題例句】 Practice(or review)tends to build and maintain(②)memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 實(shí)踐(或稱復(fù)習(xí))就是建立并保持對(duì)某一任務(wù)或所學(xué)材料的記憶?!菊骖}例句】 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains(③)that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.[2002年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 波士頓大學(xué)健康法律系主任喬治·安納斯堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,只要醫(yī)生是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的開藥,那?即使服用此藥會(huì)加速病人的死亡,醫(yī)生的行為也?有Υ法。
53model
n.①樣式,型;②模范,典型;③模型;④原型,模特;v.(on,after)模仿,構(gòu)造
【真題例句】 Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models(n.①)that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.[1997年閱讀5] 【例句精譯】 一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式是建立在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通貨膨脹歷史聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上的,而世界結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大改變可能已使這套模式不再適用了。
【真題例句】 What they found, in attempting to model(v.)thought, is that the human brain?s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined.[2002年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 在試圖模仿人類思維的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。54mo(u)ld
n.①模子,鑄型;②ù菌;v.形成,成形
【真題例句】 Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold(n.②)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.[1994年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 亞歷山大·弗萊明爵士可不是像傳說中的那樣,看了一眼奶酪上的ù菌就立刻想到了青ù素的發(fā)明?!菊骖}例句】 68.The writer?s experiment shows that downshifting _____.[2001年閱讀5] helps her mold(v.)a new philosophy of life
【例句精譯】 68、作者的嘗試表明:放慢生活節(jié)奏_____。
幫助她形成了新的人生觀
55Narrow a.狹窄的,狹隘的;v.①限制,限定;②變窄,收縮
【真題例句】 For any job search, you should start with a narrow(a.)concept — what you think you want to do — then broaden it.[2004年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 尋找任何職業(yè),你都要從一個(gè)狹窄的概念開始,即你想干什?工作,然后再加以擴(kuò)展。
【真題例句】 Narrowing(v.①)your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.[2004年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 比如把個(gè)人求職要求越具體明確就有可能對(duì)你越不利,一λ專家說:“你?回答一次問題你就喪失一次機(jī)會(huì)。”
【真題例句】 It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed(v.②)as other countries grew richer.[2000年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 隨著其他國(guó)家日益強(qiáng)盛,美國(guó)從這一優(yōu)勢(shì)地λ逐漸下降是不可避免的。56nature n.①自然界,大自然;②性質(zhì),本性,天性
【真題例句】 No other species fills so many places in nature(①).[2000年閱讀2] 【例句精譯】 ?有其他物種充斥著自然中如此多的空間。
【真題例句】 The jury agreed that the nature(②)of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete?s injury.[1999年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 陪審團(tuán)也認(rèn)為造成該運(yùn)動(dòng)員受傷的是這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)本身的Σ險(xiǎn)性,而不是 16 頭盔。
57note n.①筆記,記?;②按語,注釋;③便條,短箋;④鈔票,紙幣;⑤暗示,建議v.①記下,摘下;②表明,認(rèn)為
【真題例句】 But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes(n.②)that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”[2000年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 在某首詩中,δ來派詩人用一行文字描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在橋上發(fā)生搏斗的場(chǎng)面,結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中;看了這首詩,有點(diǎn)讓人摸不著頭腦;后來看了注解才發(fā)現(xiàn),詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起:“撲通!撲通!185公斤?!?/p>
【真題例句】 There is a heavy note(n.⑤)of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.[2000年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 他們的說法有著濃厚的虛α色彩,正如馬從馬廄跑出來后再關(guān)上馬廄的門,而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上那樣的虛α。
【真題例句】 “The term ?anti-science? can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes(v.①)Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science, “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”[1998年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 “?反科學(xué)?這個(gè)詞可以涵蓋太多截然不同的東西”,哈佛大學(xué)的哲學(xué)家杰拉爾德·霍爾頓在其1993年的著作《科學(xué)和反科學(xué)》中寫道:“它們?chǔ)敢坏墓餐c(diǎn)就是會(huì)激怒或威脅那些自以為更開明的人?!?/p>
【真題例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes(v.②)that the situation will improve only when there are(17:comprehensive)programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【例句精譯】 《波士頓環(huán)球日?qǐng)?bào)》記者克里斯?雷迪認(rèn)為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求,這種局面才有可能得到改善。58 Novel n.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說;a.新奇的,新穎的
【真題例句】 Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels(n.)later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.[2001年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時(shí)間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個(gè)被美國(guó)人稱為“換低檔”的試驗(yàn),卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
【真題例句】 60.When a novel(a.)literary idea appears, people should try to_____.[2000年閱讀3]
[A] determine its purposes
【例句精譯】 60、當(dāng)出現(xiàn)新的藝術(shù)思潮時(shí),人們應(yīng)該盡力_____。
[A] 確定其目的
59Objective n.目標(biāo),目的;a.客觀的,真實(shí)的
【真題例句】 A unity of objectives(n.)that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.[2005年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 也就是說,既能達(dá)到我們共同的目的,又能兼顧不同國(guó)家各自的特色。【真題例句】 They provide a quick, objective(a.)method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned , the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is.[1995年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試提供了快速、客觀地得到某些信息的方法。這些信息是有關(guān)一個(gè)人所學(xué)到的知識(shí),他所獲得的技能,或者是他屬于哪一類型的人。60 oblige v.①強(qiáng)迫;②責(zé)成;③(使)感激,施恩于
【真題例句】 Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige(①)television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.[2005年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 另外,歐共體的融合性也會(huì)迫使電視傳y集團(tuán)在節(jié)目的制作和流通中,與他人更進(jìn)一步地合作。【真題例句】(62)We are obliged(③)to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.[2004年翻譯] 【例句精譯】(62)我們之所以感激他們(兩λ先驅(qū)),是因?yàn)樵诖酥?,這些(土著)語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,這是由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。
61opening n.①口子,孔;②開始,開端;③空缺,機(jī)會(huì);a.開始的,開幕的【真題例句】 Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening(n.③).[2004年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 過了三個(gè)星期,他接到第一份有職λ空缺的通知。
【真題例句】 21.In the opening(a.)paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _____.[2005年閱讀1] [C] making a comparison.【例句精譯】
21、在起始段,作者通過_____引入主題。
62outlet
n.①出·,出口;②發(fā)泄方法,排遣;③經(jīng)銷店
【真題例句】 In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T?s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet(②).[1997年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 1992年公司因出品冰特樂隊(duì)狂暴的說唱歌曲《警察殺手》而備受譴 責(zé)時(shí),列文把它描繪成是街頭文化的合法表達(dá)方式,說它應(yīng)該有自己的宣泄途徑。【真題例句】 From car dealerships to Gap outlets(③), sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.[2004年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 由于購物者節(jié)約他們的支出,從汽車代理商到Gap名牌零售折扣店,數(shù)月以來銷售一直滯緩。
63Panel n.①面,板;②控制板,儀表盤;③專門小組
【真題例句】 They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel(②)by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.[2002年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 他們建造的機(jī)器人在嚴(yán)格控制的工廠環(huán)境里,能夠在儀表盤上識(shí)別毫米以下的誤差。
【真題例句】 The panel(③)then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.[1999年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 隨后,該小組非正式地接受了幾條一般的結(jié)論,盡管有些細(xì)節(jié)尚無定論。
64partial
a.①部分的,不完全的;②偏袒的,不公平的
【真題例句】 In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered, it is also frequently partial(①)or partisan.[1999年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 這樣的研究中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)總是不完整的,通常也會(huì)帶來片面性,還會(huì)出現(xiàn)幫派之爭(zhēng)。
【真題例句】 53.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _____.[1995年閱讀1]
[D] obviously partial(②)in his views on advertising
【例句精譯】
53、作者認(rèn)為:那λ著名的電視人物_____。[D] 對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)有明顯的偏見
passage
n.①段落,節(jié);②通過,經(jīng)過;③通·,走廊
【真題例句】 The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage(②)of the plates.[1998年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 熱點(diǎn)及其火山痕跡是板塊移動(dòng)的標(biāo)志。66 pattern
n.①模式,式樣;②圖案,圖樣;v.仿制,模仿
【真題例句】 And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns(n.①).[1997年閱讀2] 【例句精譯】 當(dāng)然,會(huì)講一種語言并不意ζ著就理解該語言的社會(huì)和文化內(nèi)涵。
【真題例句】 Implicit within Tylor?s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned(v.)behavior.[2003年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 泰勒的文化定義蘊(yùn)含著這一概念,即文化是后天習(xí)得的,人類共有的,被模仿的行為。
Pepper n.①胡椒粉,胡椒;②辣椒;vt.連續(xù)投(發(fā)問等)
【真題例句】 Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino?s marketing department continued to pepper(vt.)him with mailings.And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.[2006年新題型]
【例句精譯】 雖然并?有證據(jù),但是娛樂場(chǎng)的市場(chǎng)部門繼續(xù)向他提供郵件。他進(jìn)入娛樂場(chǎng)并使用他的卡片,并且?有人發(fā)覺。
68Perfect a.①完善的,無瑕的;②完全的,十足的;v.使完美,改進(jìn)
【真題例句】 Such characteristics make them perfect(①)candidates for Dr.Brosnan?s and Dr.de Waal?s study.[2005年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 因?yàn)檫@些特點(diǎn),它們(猴子)成為了Brosnan和de Waal博士的最佳研究“侯選人”。
【真題例句】 However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible.[2001年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 然而,對(duì)地何時(shí)能夠進(jìn)行超光速旅行,何時(shí)人類克?技術(shù)能夠完善,何時(shí)時(shí)間旅行成為可能,仍δ作出預(yù)測(cè)。
69perspective n.①視角;②透視法;③(in ~)正確地
【真題例句】(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective(①)brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.[2003年翻譯] 【例句精譯】(63)強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
【真題例句】 Not everyone sees that process in(28:perspective)(③).It is important to do so.[2002年完形] 【例句精譯】 并不是所有人都能正確看待這一進(jìn)程,雖然了解這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
70Reason n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推論,推理;②說服,評(píng)理;③討論,辯論
【真題例句】 That?s one reason(n.①)why the idea of a national list hasn?t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.[2005年新題型]
【例句精譯】 這就是為什?全國(guó)性藥品名?還δ出臺(tái)的原因,也是藥品價(jià)格居高不下的原因。
【真題例句】 And so it does — and all would be well were reason(n.②)the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[1996年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 的確如此——如果理性是創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論和進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的Ω一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一切問 20 題也就迎刃而解了。
【真題例句】 He reasoned(v.①)that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.[2004年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 他歸因到:因?yàn)槿藗兒苋菀子媚骋惶囟ǖ恼Z言形成一些不容混淆的概念,語言的使用者往往會(huì)沿著同一條軌跡思考問題。
71Review v.回顧,復(fù)習(xí);n.①回顧,復(fù)習(xí);②評(píng)論
【真題例句】 Practice(or review)(n.①)tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年閱讀 72Rocket n.火箭;v.劇增
【真題例句】 The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed(v.)and ticket prices have stayed low.[2006年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 原因當(dāng)然是雖然成本急劇上升,但票價(jià)仍維持在低水平。
73School n.①學(xué)校;②(大學(xué)里的)學(xué)院,系;③學(xué)派,流派
【真題例句】 It should be observed, of course, that no school(①), vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.[1999年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 當(dāng)然應(yīng)該看到的是,不管是職業(yè)學(xué)校、還是普通學(xué)校,混淆計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)的目的,都不會(huì)受益。
【真題例句】 And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School(②)believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”[2000年閱讀1]
【例句精譯】 哈佛商學(xué)院的威廉?薩爾曼相信人們將來回顧這一時(shí)期時(shí),會(huì)把它視為“美國(guó)企業(yè)管理的黃金時(shí)代”。
【真題例句】 According to the new school(③)of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻譯] 【例句精譯】 新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,在拓展科學(xué)知識(shí)的范Φ方面技術(shù)是被忽視的力量。
74score n.①得分,分?jǐn)?shù);②二十;v.得(分),記(……的)分?jǐn)?shù)
【真題例句】 Anyone who keeps careful score(n.①)knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context.[1995年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 任何仔細(xì)記分的人都知道,所得到的信息總是不完全的,而且,這些預(yù)測(cè)總是會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤的。應(yīng)該根據(jù)這種觀點(diǎn)去考察標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試。
【真題例句】 Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score(v.).[1994年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 創(chuàng)新就像踢足球,即使是最出色的球員也會(huì)痛失進(jìn)球機(jī)會(huì),其射門被擋出的機(jī)會(huì)大大多于進(jìn)球的機(jī)會(huì)。select [si5lekt] v.選擇,挑選;a.精選的,第一流的
【真題例句】 It does not push or pull, it selects(v.), and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.[2002年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 環(huán)境并不具備推動(dòng)或拉動(dòng)的作用;它具有選擇的作用,而這一作用難以發(fā)現(xiàn)也很難對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析?!菊骖}例句】 In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select(a.)committee, Lord Irvine said he(37:agreed)with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not(38:offer)sufficient control.[2001年完形] 【例句精譯】 在寫給眾議院新聞y體特別委員會(huì)Gerald Kaufman主席的信中,Irvine勛爵說,他贊同委員會(huì)今年的報(bào)告,該報(bào)告稱,對(duì)自我約束并δ予以足夠的監(jiān)控。
75shape
n.①形狀,外形;②情況,狀態(tài);③種類;v.成型,塑造
【真題例句】(63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping(v.)and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.[2002年翻譯]
【例句精譯】(63)自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明,而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。
76Sound n.聲音,聲響;v.①發(fā)聲,響;②聽起來;a.①健全的,完好的;②正當(dāng)?shù)?,有根?jù)的;③徹底的,充分的
【真題例句】 Instead of describing sounds(n.)we must make up words that imitate them;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.[2000年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 我們必須造出詞語去模仿聲音,而不應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行描述;我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號(hào)和不同顏色的墨水,任 5]
【例句精譯】 實(shí)踐(或稱復(fù)習(xí))就是建立并保持對(duì)某一任務(wù)或所學(xué)材料的記憶。【真題例句】 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27:wise)to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,(28:for example), publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews(n.②),(29:displaying)student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.[2003年完形]
【例句精譯】 然而,青少年的生活已經(jīng)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng),所以為他們安排贏家多于輸家的各種活動(dòng)是明智的。例如,出版由學(xué)生自己編寫書評(píng)的新聞小冊(cè)子,展出學(xué)生的藝術(shù)品和贊助成立讀書俱樂部等等。
77spell v.①拼寫;②導(dǎo)致,招致;n.一段時(shí)間
【真題例句】 But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt(v.②)the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.[2005年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 然而,“做我們自己的事”——這一對(duì)事物真實(shí)性和個(gè)性的崇拜信條,已經(jīng)給正式的演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂畫上了句號(hào)。
【真題例句】 Despite a spell(n.)of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.[2002年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 雖然一開始在20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代有過一段樂觀的時(shí)期——那時(shí)候仿佛晶體管電·和微處理器的發(fā)展將使它們?cè)?010年能夠模仿人類大腦的活動(dòng)——但是最近研究人員已經(jīng)開始將這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)延后數(shù)十年,甚至數(shù)百年。
78stor(e)y n.①描述;②故事;③報(bào)道;④謊話;⑤¥層
【真題例句】 If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story(②).[1999年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 當(dāng)然如果想成為一名計(jì)算機(jī)工程師,事情就完全不同了。
【真題例句】 In other words, there is a conventional story(③)line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.[2001年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 換言之,在y介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)中心思·和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
79stress
n.①壓力,應(yīng)力;②重音;v.強(qiáng)調(diào),著重
【真題例句】 We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress(n.①).[2000年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力,就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。【真題例句】 While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress(v.)test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.[2000年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng),但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí),而不重視創(chuàng)造性和自我表現(xiàn)。
80suit
v.①合適,適合;②相配,適應(yīng);n.①一套西服;②訴訟
【真題例句】 The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited(①)for expressing joy.[2006年閱讀4]
【例句精譯】 最早的藝術(shù)形式,如繪畫和音樂,是最適于表達(dá)快樂的。
【真題例句】 David Williamds?s suit(①)should trouble this gambling nation.But don?t bet on it.[2006年新題型]
【例句精譯】 大衛(wèi)威廉姆斯的起訴或許會(huì)在這個(gè)賭博民族中引發(fā)一些問題,但是也并不能確信。
【真題例句】 Nevertheless Williams?s suit(②)charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新題型] 【例句精譯】 然而威廉姆斯還是控告娛樂場(chǎng),明知道他“不可救藥地賭博上癮”還故意“誘惑”他“Υ背他自己的意愿參加賭博”。81Target n.目標(biāo),對(duì)象,靶子;vt.以……為目標(biāo)
【真題例句】 That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target(n.)species is about 50% of its original levels.[2006年閱讀3]
【例句精譯】 這十分重要,因?yàn)槔碚摫砻髟谀繕?biāo)魚類單λ數(shù)量是原始水平的大約50%的時(shí)候,才能保證漁場(chǎng)可收獲的最大可持 意縮短或加長(zhǎng)詞語。
【真題例句】 It sounds(v.②)like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.[1997年翻譯]
【例句精譯】 這聽起來像是一個(gè)有效的明顯開始做事的方式。
【真題例句】 If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound(a.①).[2005年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 假如我們要保護(hù)我們的大氣層,關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)是:新建的電廠必須是環(huán)保安全型的。
82spectacle n.①[pl.]眼鏡;②場(chǎng)面,景觀;③奇觀,壯觀
【真題例句】 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles(②), which now more than ever seem in ample supply:...[2000年閱讀5]
【例句精譯】 相反我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛α景觀; 續(xù)產(chǎn)出量。
【真題例句】 In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted(vt.)customers.[1999年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 然而,在去年,軟件公司開發(fā)出新的技術(shù)使得商家可以把產(chǎn)品信息推到消費(fèi)者的計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上。83thumb n.拇指;v.(~ through)翻閱
【真題例句】 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb(v.)through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman.[2004年閱讀2]
【例句精譯】 人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴殡娫挷緯r(shí),名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott較之Zo? Zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那?為人所知了。
第五篇:考研形近詞、近義詞辨析寶典
考研近義詞、形近詞辨析寶典(共90組)
abnormal, uncommon abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕見),指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常,最高的時(shí)候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。
uncommon a.罕見的,不平常的,指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況;特別的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國(guó)非常罕見。
That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘,味道好極了!
abide, adhere, conform, comply abide v.后接by表示 “遵守,同意”。I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅(jiān)持;粘附”也經(jīng)常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服從”,用于正式的場(chǎng)合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。
abstract, digest, outline, summary 這一組名詞都有“要點(diǎn),摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡(jiǎn)述。
I have read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。
digest n.(篇幅較長(zhǎng)的)摘要,文摘,它是對(duì)原文的濃縮而不是對(duì)原文的簡(jiǎn)單解釋,濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。Reader's Digest《讀者文摘》 outline n.要點(diǎn),大綱,概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個(gè)提綱。
summary n.總結(jié),摘要,指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點(diǎn),不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。
absurd, ridiculous 這一組形容詞都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒謬的,可笑的,指因不符合常識(shí)、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動(dòng)。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因?yàn)橛廾翢o知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄,含有蔑視成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)國(guó)家的飲食來評(píng)價(jià)該國(guó)家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
accent, tone, dialect accent n.口音,指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。
tone n.語氣,音調(diào),指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言,土語,地方話,指一個(gè)地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。
the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 accommodate, afford, furnish accommodate v.提供住宿、房間;適應(yīng),迎合,遷就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望,連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。
afford v.負(fù)擔(dān),支付;當(dāng)“提供”講時(shí),多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識(shí),然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內(nèi)容變成自己的東西。
accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功,成就;才藝,修養(yǎng)。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對(duì)于登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說,爬上了那座山就是成功。
Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。
attainment n.指學(xué)識(shí)和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù));達(dá)到,到達(dá)。
a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學(xué)者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具體的“成績(jī)”,與accomplishment是同義詞。
acute, critical, crucial, urgent acute a.劇烈的,嚴(yán)重的;急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。
critical a.意為“關(guān)鍵的”,表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),與crucial相似。
與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對(duì)缺乏的或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量;還指“批判性的,分析性的
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí),否則你會(huì)不及格的。crucial a.意為”決定性的,緊要關(guān)頭的,至關(guān)重要的“,最為籠統(tǒng),適用于上述兩種情況。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。urgent a.意為”緊迫的,急迫的,緊要的“,它不強(qiáng)調(diào)所指的問題是最重要的,僅強(qiáng)調(diào)”緊急的“狀態(tài)。
We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助,我們的水就快要用光了。
admit, confess, concede admit v.指由于說服、再三追問而”承認(rèn)“某一事實(shí)或過錯(cuò)。
I admit that you have a point.我承認(rèn)你有理。
confess v.供認(rèn)(罪行、過錯(cuò)等),含有”坦白、招認(rèn)“的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認(rèn)了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認(rèn)某一錯(cuò)誤,但由于證據(jù)確鑿而不得不勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn),還可以指”以退為進(jìn)“的承認(rèn)。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成這次交通事故的人最終向警察承認(rèn)他是肇事人。
aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”加強(qiáng)“的意思。aggravate v.加重(負(fù)擔(dān)、罪行、病情等),使之惡化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的腳受傷了,而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。reinforce v.增援,一般用于軍隊(duì)或警察的行動(dòng);(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個(gè)盜賊搶劫銀行,用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數(shù)量上的增加。
The number of people has increased.人數(shù)增加了。
strengthen v.加強(qiáng),鞏固,增強(qiáng),相當(dāng)于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人們認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加強(qiáng)了民族性而不是破壞了它。intensify v.使變得更強(qiáng)烈、劇烈,加劇,相當(dāng)于to become more intense or intensive。
intensify colors加深色彩
intensify hatred加深仇恨
alert, cautious, considerate 這一組形容詞都表示”小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的“。alert a.警惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊,時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備給大家斟酒。
cautious a.細(xì)心的,謹(jǐn)慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態(tài)度謹(jǐn)慎。
considerate a.關(guān)心他人的,體貼的。He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。
alive, live, living, lively 這一組形容詞都跟”活“有關(guān)。
alive a.活著的,有活力的,常作表語,作定語時(shí)必須后置。
After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活著的人
live a.活的,有活力的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實(shí)況。
living a.活著的,作定語可前可后,可修飾人也可修飾物。
Who is the world's greatest living artist?誰是現(xiàn)在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家?
living room起居室
lively a.活潑的,栩栩如生的。
She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個(gè)活潑可愛的小姑娘,總是歡聲笑語忙個(gè)不停。
alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”減少,減輕“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕,緩和 The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。
diminish v.指因?yàn)椴粩嘞?,在?shù)量方面緩慢減少,也指在素質(zhì)或者價(jià)值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)石油的供應(yīng)減少了。
reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。
decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少;力量或者強(qiáng)度的減弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。
decline v.(數(shù)目、價(jià)格、比率)下降;謝絕,婉言推辭;衰退,衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請(qǐng)他吃飯的邀請(qǐng)。
allocate, separate, detach, divide 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”分開“的意思。allocate v.分配,把……撥給。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預(yù)算中給學(xué)校和警察部門分配了資金。separate v.人為地分開,使隔離開。We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。
detach v.拆開組合的物體;遠(yuǎn)離,疏遠(yuǎn)。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。divide v.指將整體分為若干個(gè)部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。
amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.擴(kuò)大,增加,尤其指通過增強(qiáng)電壓或電流使聲音擴(kuò)大;補(bǔ)充敘述(故事、事件等)。
We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請(qǐng)你對(duì)你的說法作進(jìn)一步的說明。
enlarge v.擴(kuò)大,多指具體物品如相片的放大。
enlarge photograph放大照片 enlarge a house擴(kuò)建房屋
stretch v.(有彈性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超過限度;伸長(zhǎng)、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或?yàn)榱藟蛑澄?。
The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后,職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼鏡把字放大以便能夠閱讀。
reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范圍、體積的擴(kuò)大、增大,也可以指內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)的充實(shí)。
The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹,然后就爆破了。
anger, fury, indignation, resentment 這一組名詞都有”憤怒、生氣“的意思。anger n.氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭(zhēng)吵之后,他一拳打在那個(gè)人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強(qiáng)。indignation n.義憤,尤其指出于道義上的激憤。
Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價(jià)突然猛增激起的公憤
resentment n.憤恨,怨恨,不滿,是正式用語,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后,辦公室里怨聲載道。
apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 這一組形容詞都有”明顯的“之意。
apparent a.明顯的,顯而易見的,尤其指容易觀察到或認(rèn)識(shí)到的事物。
He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興,顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。evident a.明白的,明顯的,與apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事實(shí)證明的事物。
It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的,在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。
manifest a.清楚的,明顯的,多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義,常作表語。
Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾,但長(zhǎng)相并不動(dòng)人。
obvious a.明顯的,顯而易見的,含有無可辯白,不需證明之意。
It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然,那個(gè)婦女酒喝的太多了。
distinct a.清楚的,明顯的;不同的,獨(dú)特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。
Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn)。
applaud, clap, commend, praise applaud v.鼓掌,贊揚(yáng),指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許,大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。
The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚(yáng)了我的工作,對(duì)我的努力表示贊許。
clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。
clap sb.為某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物 commend v.為正式用詞,用于對(duì)具體功績(jī)或成就表示嘉獎(jiǎng),通常指上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的贊賞。
The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚(yáng)學(xué)生們的考試成績(jī)優(yōu)異。praise v.為一般用詞,用于對(duì)某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕;贊頌,贊美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯(cuò)。
Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機(jī)事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。
area, district, region, zone 這一組名詞都有”區(qū)域“的意思。
area n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū);面積;專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
The New York area has high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。
district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng District北京西城區(qū)
region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū),如”自治區(qū)“;身體部位。
The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國(guó)東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個(gè)州。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。
The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律,在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。
assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 這一組名詞都表示”會(huì)議“的意思。assembly n.集合,集會(huì)。
The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學(xué)生們?cè)诖蠖Y堂舉行集會(huì)。conference n.(專門性的)會(huì)議,討論會(huì)。
The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會(huì)議在日內(nèi)瓦召開。
congress n.代表大會(huì),(美國(guó)的)國(guó)會(huì)。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過的法律,人民一定要遵守。
rally n.(鼓舞士氣的)集會(huì);群眾性集會(huì)。The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個(gè)動(dòng)員會(huì),以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。seminar n.(大學(xué)的)研究班,研討會(huì)。During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教師在學(xué)院里參加研究班。
session n.(一屆)會(huì)議,回合。the autumn session of Parliament議會(huì)的秋季會(huì)議
summit n.最高級(jí)會(huì)議,峰會(huì)(通常為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加)。
Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級(jí)會(huì)談。
symposium n.(學(xué)術(shù)、科研方面的)座談會(huì),專題報(bào)告會(huì)。
The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會(huì)持續(xù)了兩天。
assessment, estimate, evaluation 這一組名詞都有”評(píng)估“的意思。
assessment n.評(píng)估,估價(jià),常常表示對(duì)于財(cái)產(chǎn)、價(jià)值的評(píng)估。
We have a low assessment on our property.我們對(duì)我們的資產(chǎn)評(píng)估很低。estimate n.估計(jì),強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行評(píng)估得出的結(jié)果,常與動(dòng)詞give搭配。
The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機(jī)械師給我的汽車修理費(fèi)的粗略估計(jì)是200或300美元。
evaluation n.(對(duì)于能力,價(jià)值、工作業(yè)績(jī)的)評(píng)價(jià),估價(jià),常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。
He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對(duì)于我們的科學(xué)研究給予了積極的評(píng)價(jià)。
associate, ally, combine, unite 這一組詞都有”聯(lián)合“的意思。
associate v.交往,結(jié)交;聯(lián)系,聯(lián)想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示與某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某個(gè)方面合作。
We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我們同鄰居交往。ally v.使結(jié)盟,使聯(lián)姻,多與with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.幾個(gè)政治黨派聯(lián)合起來反對(duì)提高稅收。
combine v.聯(lián)合,化合,混合,多指為了某個(gè)目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個(gè)整體。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團(tuán)。unite v.聯(lián)合,合并,團(tuán)結(jié),尤指不同的事物或人組成統(tǒng)一體,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.國(guó)民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同對(duì)敵。
award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地頒發(fā),授予,給予;也可以指法庭裁決給予。后面可跟雙賓語。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)將歷史獎(jiǎng)授予最出色的學(xué)生。
reward v.酬勞,獎(jiǎng)賞,回報(bào),通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某種服務(wù)而應(yīng)得到報(bào)酬或酬謝,其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。后跟with用來說明以何物作為報(bào)酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我將出50美元,酬謝幫我找回丟失的狗的人。
aware, conscious aware a.知道的,意識(shí)到的,強(qiáng)調(diào)感官對(duì)外界事物的意識(shí)。
He was aware of his mistake.他意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
conscious a.有意識(shí)的,意識(shí)到的,一般指內(nèi)心所意識(shí)到的。
The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.銷售員意識(shí)到他必須增加銷售量。
basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的,基礎(chǔ)的,既可用于具體事物,也可用于抽象事物。
He has a basic understanding of the problem.他對(duì)問題有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的,初級(jí)的。elementary school小學(xué)
fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必須的。Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.誠(chéng)實(shí)是與別人相處的基本原則。
bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass 這一組詞都有”迷惑“的意思。
bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,強(qiáng)調(diào)非常困惑,通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力的紊亂,語氣最重。
He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他沒有得到事先警告就被開除了,完全不明白是什么原因。
When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.當(dāng)這些農(nóng)夫們第一次到城里的時(shí)候,他們對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到迷惑不解。
puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,強(qiáng)調(diào)不理解或解決不了。
Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉沒寶藏的下落令探險(xiǎn)家們大惑不解。
confuse v.一般用語,使混亂,使糊涂,強(qiáng)調(diào)因混淆而使人產(chǎn)生迷亂。
He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他發(fā)錯(cuò)了報(bào)告,因?yàn)樗阉鼈兺硗庖恍﹫?bào)告混淆在一起了。
embarrass v.使窘迫,使為難,使困惑,有令人不快、難為情和內(nèi)心混亂的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在別人面前嘲笑她的新發(fā)型,使她感到難堪。blame, condemn, reproach, scold 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”責(zé)怪“的意思。blame v.責(zé)怪,把……歸咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.萬一你考試不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。
condemn v.譴責(zé),用于比較正式的、嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合。
The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫貪杯而責(zé)怪他。
reproach v.(書面語)責(zé)備,表示不滿。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老師責(zé)備他不做作業(yè)。
scold v.責(zé)罵,訓(xùn)斥。
blunder, error, mistake 這一組詞都表示”錯(cuò)誤“。
blunder n.(因?yàn)闊o知、疏忽犯下的)大錯(cuò),愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過,我感覺到犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)。
error n.指判斷、計(jì)算或行為上的錯(cuò)誤,也可指智力或道義上的錯(cuò)誤。
The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。
mistake n.誤會(huì),誤解;(粗心、遺忘所導(dǎo)致的)錯(cuò)誤。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了你的手提包。
brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 這一組形容詞都有”弱“的意思。
brittle a.易碎的,易損壞的,通常是指堅(jiān)硬的東西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修飾使用時(shí)必須小心才不會(huì)破碎的東西,也引申為體弱的,虛弱的。He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會(huì)以后,現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。
frail a.(指人)體弱的,虛弱的,也可以指東西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經(jīng)年老體弱。
crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活躍的,有生氣的,干凈利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的餅干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.學(xué)生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。invalid a.不正確的,缺乏證據(jù)的;無效的,作廢的。作名詞時(shí),表示病弱者,傷殘者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關(guān)于最早的人類的觀點(diǎn)很有意思,但是缺乏證據(jù)。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴(yán)重的車禍?zhǔn)顾兂闪藲埣病?/p>
boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 這幾個(gè)名詞都有”邊界“的意思。
boundary n.邊界;界線。多指作為界線的標(biāo)識(shí)物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。
border n.較寬的邊緣,邊界,多指兩國(guó)或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區(qū)、邊界地帶;也可以指物體的邊緣等。
We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進(jìn)入美國(guó)境內(nèi)。
frontier n.邊界,邊境,邊疆,指靠近邊界(boundary)的區(qū)域;也可引申為”未開發(fā)的領(lǐng)域“,”(學(xué)術(shù)的)前沿“等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前美國(guó)西部還是一片邊疆。
She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學(xué)前沿研究的生化學(xué)家。
rim n.邊,邊緣,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。
verge n.(道路、花壇等長(zhǎng)著草的)邊緣,引申為”某事即將發(fā)生之際“。
on the verge of war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)之際
brief, concise, curt, succinct 這一組形容詞都有”簡(jiǎn)短的“意思。brief a.簡(jiǎn)明扼要的,簡(jiǎn)短的,指時(shí)間短暫,辦事利索,態(tài)度明了等;有時(shí)含有”雖短但卻不失全面“的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經(jīng)理致了簡(jiǎn)短的開幕詞。
concise a.(文字等的)簡(jiǎn)要、精練,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡(jiǎn)明扼要,省略掉了所有與該項(xiàng)工作無關(guān)的部分。curt a.三言兩語的,簡(jiǎn)短的,常含有”草率“的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他問老板一個(gè)問題,但是老板草率的說:”我沒時(shí)間搭理你?!?succinct a.簡(jiǎn)明的,簡(jiǎn)潔的,簡(jiǎn)練的,尤指用詞簡(jiǎn)練,除含有concise的意思外,還有經(jīng)過壓縮的或簡(jiǎn)化的意思。succinct summary of the argument論點(diǎn)的概要
certify, rectify, testify, verify 這是一組形近易混詞。
certify v.證明,聲稱是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。rectify v.改正,糾正;整頓。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯(cuò)。
testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的證人已經(jīng)被神秘地殺害,他成為這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。
verify v.(用事實(shí))證實(shí)或核實(shí)。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打電話詢問,以核實(shí)商店的地址。
compel, constrain, force, oblige 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”強(qiáng)迫“的意思。
compel v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常表示運(yùn)用權(quán)利、力量迫使對(duì)方做某事;有時(shí)也表示”別無辦法,不得不做“。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。
constrain v.力勸,強(qiáng)迫,與compel意思相近,但更多強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強(qiáng)迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的場(chǎng)合。As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家,不必象一般人那樣要受到社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則的約束。force v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,暴力威脅的意味較濃,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.強(qiáng)盜逼迫她把錢交出來。oblige v.(因法律、習(xí)俗等)強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常常用于被動(dòng)。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我們遇到紅燈時(shí)必須停車。
complement, supplement, append 這三個(gè)名詞都有”補(bǔ)充“的意思。
complement n.補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)充物,主要指補(bǔ)充不足使之完美。Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米飯最棒。supplement n.增補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)貼,主要指另外補(bǔ)加,增補(bǔ)。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我們?cè)趫?bào)告完成一年之后,必須增補(bǔ)一個(gè)包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加,添上或補(bǔ)充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。
component, element, factor, ingredient 這一組名詞都有”組成成分“的意思。
component n.零部件;(某事物的)組成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.輪胎,引擎,車身以及坐椅都是一輛汽車的零部件。element n.元素;組成部分,方面;某特定類型的人或群體,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫元素和氧元素構(gòu)成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他屬于這個(gè)城市的壞分子。factor n.因素,要素,側(cè)重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是體育比賽成功的一個(gè)重要因素。
ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黃油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
comprise, compose, consist, constitute 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”組成,包含“的意思。comprise v.包含,包括,由……組成(整體);組成,構(gòu)成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2,500個(gè)不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。
compose v.構(gòu)成(整體),組成;由……組成(后接of,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會(huì)主要由教師和學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)組成。
consist v.組成,構(gòu)成,由……組成(后接of,常用于主動(dòng)語態(tài));(后接in)在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.問題由兩部分組成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這計(jì)劃的好處就在于簡(jiǎn)單易行。
constitute v.構(gòu)成,組成(整體)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個(gè)城市面臨的主要問題。concentrate, focus 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有”集中“的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,賓語可以是具體或抽象的東西);濃縮,壓縮。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考試期間,同學(xué)們集中精力回答問題。
focus v.集中(于某事物);將(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,賓語一般不是具體的東西)。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.請(qǐng)集中考慮以下問題。
confinement, limitation, restraint 這一組名詞都有”限制,局限“的意思。confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某種境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判處單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁三個(gè)月。
limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺點(diǎn),弱點(diǎn)。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那個(gè)雇員能做的工作有限。
restraint n.克制,抑制;約束措施。Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母親很生氣,她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate 這是一對(duì)形近易混的形容詞。
considerable a.相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的;值得考慮的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那個(gè)家族擁有大量的土地。
considerate a.考慮周到的,體貼的,后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒別人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
conserve, preserve, reserve 這是一組形近易混詞,且都有”保存“的意思。
conserve v.保存,保藏,保護(hù)(強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)約)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,為節(jié)約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調(diào)小。
preserve v.保護(hù);維持;保養(yǎng);防止(食物)腐敗(強(qiáng)調(diào)使不受破壞)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保護(hù)個(gè)人的權(quán)利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留,儲(chǔ)備(強(qiáng)調(diào)為某一特殊目的);訂(座位),預(yù)定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我們把這些座位留給我的父母。
continual, continuous, constant, incessant 這一組形容詞都有”不斷的,不停的“的意思。
continual a.連續(xù)不斷的;頻繁的。表示時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的發(fā)生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那條狗不停地叫,真是煩死人了。
continuous a.不停的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間不停頓。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我們的家庭以及辦公室需要不間斷的供電。constant a.不斷的,經(jīng)常的,強(qiáng)調(diào)始終如一地經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的萬物都在不斷地運(yùn)動(dòng)。incessant a.不停的,持續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)令人厭煩地重復(fù)出現(xiàn),中間有可能有停頓。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持續(xù)不斷的噪聲騷擾使我喜歡安靜的環(huán)境。
convert, invert, revert, transform 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”轉(zhuǎn)變“的意思。
convert v.轉(zhuǎn)變,變換,含有”使某人改變觀點(diǎn)“的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使顛倒,使倒轉(zhuǎn),使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange
juice.嬰兒把杯子打翻,弄灑了里面的橙汁。
revert v.歸還,恢復(fù)原狀。指回到原來的狀態(tài)或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子,當(dāng)他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有權(quán)重新歸于約翰。
transform v.改變,轉(zhuǎn)變,指形狀、顏色、大小、性質(zhì)等的改變。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一點(diǎn)油漆很快就會(huì)使這所舊房子大為改觀。
credible, credulous, plausible 這一組形容詞都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那個(gè)學(xué)生跟老師講了實(shí)情,她沒來上課是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
credulous a.輕信的,易于相信的。She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易輕信別人,竟然聽信那個(gè)銷售員的話以高價(jià)買了那輛車。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常帶有懷疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.雖然這個(gè)解釋合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
decline, refuse, reject, deny 這組動(dòng)詞都有”拒絕“的意思。
decline v.婉言拒絕,謝絕,相當(dāng)于refuse politely,主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)或要求幫助的請(qǐng)求,后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,主語只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請(qǐng)她和我們?cè)谝黄?,可是她婉言謝絕了。
refuse v.是比較普通的用詞,表示”拒絕“,含有非常堅(jiān)決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。reject v.拋棄,不采納,主語可以是人或物,后接名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影,但每一次都被拒絕。
deny v.否認(rèn),否定,其后可接名詞,代詞或that從句。The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否認(rèn)了對(duì)他的指控。
deduce, induce, reduce deduce v.推斷,推理,演繹。
My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的氣的時(shí)候就會(huì)變得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推斷她生氣了。
induce v.引誘,勸;引起,導(dǎo)致。reduce v.減輕,減小;降低。
delay, postpone delay v.延期,延緩,耽擱,常指由于不可避免的障礙等原因而延期。
Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的遲到使會(huì)議延遲開始。
postpone v.耽擱,暫緩,常指將某事放置一邊,等到另一事發(fā)生或一定時(shí)間后再做。
Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我們今天的會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行。
demonstrate, illustrate 這兩個(gè)詞都有”說明“的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通過具體動(dòng)作或物體進(jìn)行演示、示范、表演、展示等以達(dá)到說明或解釋的目的。
This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.這個(gè)推銷員當(dāng)眾演示如何用壓力鍋煮東西。illustrate v.強(qiáng)調(diào)通過舉例、列圖表或比較等方式來說明道理。
The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那個(gè)老師通過喬治·華盛頓的故事來講述他的歷史課。
disappear, vanish, fade 這一組詞都有”消失“的意思。
disappear v.消失,不見;滅絕,不復(fù)存在。是個(gè)一般用語。
The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那條小狗剛才就在那里,然后就不見了。vanish v.消失,不見,指突然間化為烏有,強(qiáng)調(diào)非常徹底地、神秘莫測(cè)地消失、失蹤。The man ran into the shop and vanished from sight.那個(gè)男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。
fade v.指衣服的顏色褪色,聲音的逐漸消失。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墻紙從紅色褪成了淡粉色。
decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 這一組動(dòng)詞都有”減少“的意思。
decline v.(數(shù)量、數(shù)字、價(jià)格、比率)下降,下落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。
decrease v.減少,減小,強(qiáng)調(diào)逐漸地下降或減少的過程。
diminish v.(力量、勢(shì)力)減弱,減少,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于某種原因而減少,這種減少可以造成能夠?yàn)槿藗兯煊X的后果或損失。
The need to take action has diminished.已經(jīng)沒有多少需要采取行動(dòng)的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物動(dòng)詞,指通過人為的方法在數(shù)量、規(guī)模、范圍等方面減少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等級(jí)。
He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通過節(jié)食和運(yùn)動(dòng),體重減輕了20磅。
deviate, distract, divert 這三個(gè)詞都有”轉(zhuǎn)移“的意思。
deviate v.背離,偏離。多指脫離正軌或正題等。
He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成為一名吸毒者,從而違背了社會(huì)道德準(zhǔn)則。
distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常帶有不能專心的意思。
Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧鬧聲分散了他的注意力,所以他無法進(jìn)行考試的復(fù)習(xí)。
divert v.轉(zhuǎn)移,使轉(zhuǎn)向,著重改變后的結(jié)果,后常接介詞from。
A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一聲巨響轉(zhuǎn)移了每個(gè)人的工作注意力。
dip, immerse, submerge 這幾個(gè)詞都有”浸,浸入"的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短時(shí)地將某物部