第一篇：理論學習：十八大報告要點專家解讀

理論學習：十八大報告要點專家解讀

1.建成小康

【報告原文】：中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

【要點解讀】：從“建設”到“建成”，這一字之變，是個質(zhì)的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現(xiàn)在全國人民面前，必將極大激發(fā)全國人民的奮斗熱情。

2.兩個翻番

【報告原文】：在發(fā)展平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性、可持續(xù)性明顯增強的基礎上，實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：這是中共首次明確提出居民收入倍增目標。到那時，全國老百姓的衣食住行用水平將全面提高，基本公共服務均等化將總體實現(xiàn)，全民受教育程度和創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)水平將明顯提高，教育現(xiàn)代化將基本實現(xiàn)，農(nóng)民工子女將平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才，城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)將更加充分，收入分配差距將會縮小，中等收入群體將持續(xù)擴大，扶貧對象將大幅減少，農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化進程將加快，城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務將實現(xiàn)常住人口全覆蓋，人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務，人居環(huán)境明顯改善，住房保障體系基本形成。老百姓生活在社會主義中國的幸福感將普遍增強!

3．兩個“五位一體”

【報告原文】：（第一個五位一體）必須更加自覺地把全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)作為深入貫徹落實科學發(fā)展觀的基本要求，全面落實經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態(tài)文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現(xiàn)代化建設各方面相協(xié)調(diào)，促進生產(chǎn)關系與生產(chǎn)力、上層建筑與經(jīng)濟基礎相協(xié)調(diào)，不斷開拓上產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。

（第二個五位一體）全黨要增強緊迫感和責任感，牢牢把握加強黨的執(zhí)政能力建設、先進性和純潔性建設這條主線，堅持解放思想、改革創(chuàng)新，堅持黨要管黨、從嚴治黨，全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設，增強自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，建設學習型、服務型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨，確保黨始終成為中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的堅強領導核心。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告將中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局從“四位一體”擴展為“五位一體”，這表明我們黨對中國特色社會主義建設規(guī)律從認識到實踐都達到了新的水平。早在1986年，黨的十二屆六中全會首次提出以經(jīng)濟建設為中心，堅定不移地進行經(jīng)濟體制改革，堅定不移地進行政治體制改革，堅定不移地加強精神文明建設的總體布局，這一“三位一體”總體布局從黨的十三大一直延續(xù)到十六大。黨的十六屆六中全會提出構建社會主義和諧社會的重大任務，總體布局中增加了社會建設，拓展為“四位一體”。適應人民群眾對良好生態(tài)環(huán)境越來越迫切的期待，黨的十八大把生態(tài)文明建設放在了突出地位，納入總體布局，拓展為“五位一體”。這“五位一體”的總體布局，對應著全國老百姓的經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)五大權益。特別是通過生態(tài)文明建設，我們黨和國家將在實現(xiàn)當代人利益的同時，給自然留下更多修復空間，給農(nóng)業(yè)留下更多良田，給子孫后代留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。

黨的十八大報告中提出黨的建設總體布局也是“五位一體”，（報告原文：全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設。）頗有深意的是，兩個“五位一體”都有一項具有凈化功能：中國特色社會主義事業(yè)“五位一體”總體布局中的生態(tài)文明，體現(xiàn)著自然界的凈化；黨的建設新的偉大工程“五位一體”總體布局中的反腐倡廉建設，體現(xiàn)的是中國共產(chǎn)黨的自我凈化。

4.民主協(xié)商

【報告原文】：要健全社會主義協(xié)商民主制度。完善協(xié)商民主制度和工作機制，推進協(xié)商民主廣泛、多層、制度化發(fā)展。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告提出健全社會主義協(xié)商民主制度，這是我國人民民主的重要形式，有利于就經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協(xié)商、廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。把中國特色選舉民主同社會主義協(xié)商民主相結(jié)合，將有利于健全民主制度、豐富民主形式、擴大社會主義民主、發(fā)展社會主義政治文明，為實現(xiàn)最廣泛的人民民主確立正確方向。

5．黨的指導思想

【報告原文】： 科學發(fā)展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器?？茖W發(fā)展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告進一步明確了科學發(fā)展觀的歷史定位，實現(xiàn)了黨的指導思想的又一次與時俱進。我們黨在推進馬克思主義中國化過程中有兩次歷史性飛躍，第一次飛躍是形成了毛澤東思想；第二次飛躍是在改革開放新的偉大革命中，逐步形成中國特色社會主義理論體系。這個理論體系實現(xiàn)了我們黨的指導思想的三次與時俱進，第一次是將鄧小平理論列為黨的指導思想，第二次是將“三個代表”重要思想列為黨的指導思想，第三次是將科學發(fā)展觀列為黨的指導思想。因而這是黨的十八大報告最大的理論亮點和歷史貢獻。

6.八個堅持

【報告原文】：在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發(fā)展，必須堅持黨的領導。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告對中國特色社會主義作出新的理論概括，強調(diào)在新的歷史條件下，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握八個基本要求，分別是：必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發(fā)展，必須堅持黨的領導。這八條，不僅條條都有強烈的現(xiàn)實針對性、長遠指導性，而且作為全黨全國人民的共同信念，必將極大地推進解放思想、改革開放、凝聚力量、攻堅克難，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發(fā)展前景。

7.兩個“百年”

【報告原文】：只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！

【要點解讀】：這兩個百年奮斗目標最早是在黨的十五大報告中提出的，此后，黨的十六大、十七大報告以及胡錦濤同志在紀念黨的十一屆三中全會30周年大會上的講話中都作了重申。黨的十八大報告再次重申這兩個百年目標，是要強調(diào)，此時此刻，我們正處于近代以來中國歷史上最接近中華民族偉大復興目標的重要時刻，我們既倍加自豪，又對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負的歷史責任倍加清醒。也可以這樣說，這兩個百年目標必將成為我們奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的兩座里程碑。

8.24字核心價值觀

【報告原文】：要加強社會主義核心價值體系建設。倡導富強、民主、文明、和諧，倡導自由、平等、公正、法治，倡導愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善，積極培育社會主義核心價值觀。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告用24個字提出覆蓋全國各方面意見、反映現(xiàn)階段全國人民最大公約數(shù)的社會主義核心價值觀的表述。這個表述是分別從國家、社會、個人三個層面進行的。

從國家層面看，是富強、民主、文明、和諧；從社會層面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；從公民個人層面看，是愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善。毛澤東同志一再強調(diào)正確處理國家、集體、個人三者利益關系，這三個層面的社會主義核心價值觀的表述，也體現(xiàn)了同樣的思想方法。在這個基礎上，有利于積極培育社會主義核心價值觀。

9.三型目標

【報告原文】：建設學習型、服務型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告提出建設學習型、服務型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。這“三型”目標，表明我們對執(zhí)政黨建設規(guī)律的把握更自覺、更全面、更深刻。在黨的十八大報告中，人民是個關鍵詞，服務也是個關鍵詞。堅持人民主體地位，更好保障人民權益、更好保障人民當家做主貫穿報告始終，為人民服務也貫穿報告始終。在社會主義經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)建設部分的論述和部署中，處處體現(xiàn)了我們黨和國家全方位為人民服務，加強各方面、各領域服務體系建設，加強各方面人群的服務功能、服務效能。同時，黨的十八大報告也對基層“服務型”黨組織建設作出了總體部署，必將充分發(fā)揮基層黨組織推動發(fā)展、服務群眾、凝聚人心、促進和諧的作用，進一步夯實黨執(zhí)政的基層組織基礎。

10．文化活力

【報告原文】建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創(chuàng)造活力。要深化文化體制改革，解放和發(fā)展文化生產(chǎn)力，發(fā)揚學術民主、藝術民主，為人民提供廣闊的文化舞臺，讓一切文化創(chuàng)造源泉充分涌流，開創(chuàng)全民族文化創(chuàng)造活力持續(xù)迸發(fā)、社會文化生活更加豐富多彩、人民基本文化權益得到更好保障、人民思想道德素質(zhì)和 科學文化素質(zhì)全面提高、中華文化國際影響力不斷增強的新局面。

【要點解讀】：從十六大提出“文化體制改革”的任務，到十七大將“文化軟實力”寫入大會報告；從十七屆六中全會首次從完整意義上制定“文化強國戰(zhàn)略”，到十八大報告再度強調(diào)“建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創(chuàng)造活力”，我們黨對文化建設規(guī)律的認識越來越全面，越來越深刻

第二篇：專家解讀十八大報告

專家解讀十八大報告

十八大報告解讀系列：關注十八大報告的新提法

1、“大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗?！痹诖髸闹黝}中，科學發(fā)展觀首次同鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想相并列。

2、“總結(jié)十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，勇于推進實踐基礎上的理論創(chuàng)新，圍繞堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發(fā)展觀?！?“科學發(fā)展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想?！笨茖W發(fā)展觀是我們黨必須長期堅持的指導思想的重要組成部分，這也是總結(jié)過去十年最重要的經(jīng)驗。

3、“根據(jù)我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展實際，要在十六大、十七大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上努力實現(xiàn)新的要求?！痹谛碌囊笾校鞔_提出“實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比二0一0年翻一番”的約束性指標，以及“人民民主不斷擴大”、“文化軟實力顯著增強”、“人民生活水平全面提高”、“資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會建設取得重大進展”等導向性要求。

4、“中國特色社會主義道路，中國特色社會主義理論體系，中國特色社會主義制度，是黨和人民九十多年奮斗、創(chuàng)造、積累的根本成就，必須倍加珍惜、始終堅持、不斷發(fā)展?！眻蟾鎸χ袊厣鐣髁x道路、理論體系、制度作出了明確界定，并對三者的關系作出了辯證的闡述：“中國特色社會主義道路是實現(xiàn)途徑，中國特色社會主義理論體系是行動指南，中國特色社會主義制度是根本保障，三者統(tǒng)一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，這是黨領導人民在建設社會主義長期實踐中形成的最鮮明特色?！?/p>

5、“建設中國特色社會主義，總依據(jù)是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總?cè)蝿帐菍崿F(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化和中華民族偉大復興?！苯?jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設和生態(tài)文明建設“五位一體”總體布局的提出，這是對中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局的進一步完善。

6、“必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發(fā)展，必須堅持黨的領導?！边@8個“必須堅持”是在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利必須牢牢把握的基本要求，也是全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。

7、“堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路，推動信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合、工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化良性互動、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化相互協(xié)調(diào)，促進工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展?！边@是對“四化”相互關系的深刻分析。

8、“要實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略?！薄耙獔猿肿咧袊厣灾鲃?chuàng)新道路，以全球視野謀劃和推動創(chuàng)新，提高原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新和引進消化吸收再創(chuàng)新能力，更加注重協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。”這里提出了創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和“四個創(chuàng)新”。

9、“必須以改善需求結(jié)構、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構、促進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、推進城鎮(zhèn)化為重點，著力解決制約經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重大結(jié)構性問題。要牢牢把握擴大內(nèi)需這一戰(zhàn)略基點，加快建立擴大消費需求長效機制，擴大國內(nèi)市場規(guī)模。牢牢把握發(fā)展實體經(jīng)濟這一堅實基礎”。“重點”、“戰(zhàn)略基點”、“堅實基礎”，這是對推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整的準確把握。

10、“要推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化。”“解決好農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村農(nóng)民問題是全黨工作重中之重，城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化是解決“三農(nóng)”問題的根本途徑。要加大統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展力度，促進城鄉(xiāng)共同繁榮。加大強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策力度，讓廣大農(nóng)民平等參與現(xiàn)代化進程、共同分享現(xiàn)代化成果?！薄凹涌焱晟瞥青l(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機制，促進城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配置，形成以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)、工農(nóng)互惠、城鄉(xiāng)一體的新型工農(nóng)、城鄉(xiāng)關系。”這不僅提出了城鄉(xiāng)一體化戰(zhàn)略，而且對實施這一戰(zhàn)略提出了明確要求。

11、在堅持走中國特色社會主義政治發(fā)展道路和推進政治體制改革方面，明確提出“政治體制改革是我國全面改革的重要組成部分”，“要更加注重改進黨的領導方式和執(zhí)政方式，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；更加注重健全民主制度、豐富民主形式，保證人民依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督；更加注重發(fā)揮法治在國家治理和社會管理中的重要作用，維護國家法制統(tǒng)一、尊嚴、權威，保證人民依法享有廣泛權利和自由。”這里提出了“三個更加注重”。

兩個“五位一體”構成黨和國家戰(zhàn)略新布局

施芝鴻：黨的十八大報告將中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局從“四位一體”擴展為“五位一體”，這表明我們黨對中國特色社會主義建設規(guī)律從認識到實踐都達到新的水平。報告中提出黨的建設總體布局也是“五位一體”，即思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設。中國特色社會主義事業(yè)“五位一體”總體布局中的生態(tài)文明，體現(xiàn)著自然界的凈化，而我們黨的建設新的偉大工程“五位一體”總體布局中的反腐倡廉建設，體現(xiàn)的是中國共產(chǎn)黨黨的肌體的自我凈化。

科學發(fā)展觀是黨的指導思想的又一次與時俱進

黨的十八大報告進一步明確了科學發(fā)展觀的歷史定位，實現(xiàn)了黨的指導思想又一次與時俱進。我們黨在推進馬克思主義中國化過程中有兩次歷史性飛躍，第一次飛躍形成了毛澤東思想；第二次飛躍是在改革開放新的偉大革命中，逐步形成的中國特色社會主義理論體系。這個理論體系實現(xiàn)了我們黨的指導思想的三次與時俱進，第一次是將鄧小平理論列為黨的指導思想，第二次是將“三個代表”重要思想列為黨的指導思想，第三次是將科學發(fā)展觀列為黨的指導思想，這是黨的十八大報告最大的理論亮點和歷史貢獻?！鞍隧椧蟆必S富了中國特色社會主義內(nèi)涵 黨的十八大報告對中國特色社會主義作出新的理論概括，強調(diào)在新的歷史條件下，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握八個基本要求，分別是：必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發(fā)展，必須堅持黨的領導。這八條，不僅條條都有強烈的現(xiàn)實針對性、長遠指導性，而且作為全黨全國人民的共同信念?！皟蓚€目標”是奪取新勝利的兩座里程碑

黨的十八大報告提出兩個百年奮斗目標，一個是在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，一個是在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。這兩個百年目標必將成為我們奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的兩座里程碑。

“五個方面”充實完善了全面建設小康社會目標要求 黨的十八大報告提出“為全面建成小康社會而奮斗”，從“建設”到“建成”，這一字之變，是個質(zhì)的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現(xiàn)在全國人民面前，必將極大激發(fā)全國人民的奮斗熱情。全面建成小康社會的新的目標要求分別是經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，人民民主不斷擴大，文化軟實力顯著增強，人民生活水平全面提高，資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會建設取得重大進展。

社會主義協(xié)商民主是政治體制改革重要內(nèi)容

黨的十八大報告提出健全社會主義協(xié)商民主制度，這是我國人民民主的重要形式，有利于就經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協(xié)商，廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。把中國特色選舉民主同社會主義協(xié)商民主相結(jié)合，將有利于健全民主制度、豐富民主形式，擴大社會主義民主，發(fā)展社會主義政治文明，為實現(xiàn)最廣泛的人民民主確立正確方向。

24個字分三個層次概括了社會主義核心價值觀 黨的十八大報告用24個字提出覆蓋全國各方面意見、反映現(xiàn)階段全國人民最大公約數(shù)的社會主義核心價值觀的表述。這個表述是分別從國家、社會、個人三個層面進行的。從國家層面看，是富強、民主、文明、和諧；從社會層面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；從公民個人層面看，是愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善。毛澤東同志一再強調(diào)正確處理國家、集體、個人三者利益關系，這三個層面的社會主義核心價值觀的表述，也體現(xiàn)了同樣的思想方法。在這個基礎上，有利于積極培育社會主義核心價值觀?！叭汀笔菍?zhí)政黨自身建設規(guī)律的更全面把握 黨的十八大報告提出建設學習型、服務型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。這“三型”目標，表明我們對執(zhí)政黨建設規(guī)律的把握更自覺、更全面、更深刻。在黨的十八大報告中，人民是個關鍵詞，服務也是個關鍵詞。堅持人民主體地位，更好保障人民權益、更好保障人民當家做主貫穿報告始終，為人民服務也貫穿報告始終。

第三篇：十八大理論學習要點

十八大理論學習要點

十八次黨代會主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗?！秷蟾妗肺淖纸Y(jié)構分十二個部分，若以發(fā)展為主線，還可集中歸類整理為回顧、發(fā)展道路、發(fā)展藍圖、發(fā)展任務、發(fā)展條件等五個部分。

縱觀十八大報告要點，語言樸實、論述精辟、主題鮮明、重點突出、觀點深刻，是黨的基本思想和基本理論的系統(tǒng)總結(jié)和全面部署，是全黨智慧的集中體現(xiàn)，是“從實踐中來，到實踐中去”的成功典范。并且，報告在起草的過程中，充分發(fā)揚民主，多次召開各個層面的座談會，廣泛征求來自各個方面的意見、建議，是黨的群眾觀點和群眾路線的生動實踐，充分說明了創(chuàng)新永無止境、實踐永無止境。

作為一名新時代的大學生，我覺得十八大理論學習要點該分為以下幾個方面進行學習：完善社會保障體系，加強民生建設。加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，促使國民經(jīng)濟又好又快發(fā)展。大力推進經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)五大建設，全面建成小康社會。必須堅持推進改革開放。深入開展社會主義核心價值體系學習教育，用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮、凝聚社會共識。

一 完善社會保障體系

社會保障是保障人民生活、調(diào)節(jié)社會分配的一項基本制度。要堅持全覆蓋、?；尽⒍鄬哟?、可持續(xù)方針，以增強公平性、適應流動性、保證可持續(xù)性為重點，全面建成覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系。改革和完善企業(yè)和機關事業(yè)單位社會保險制度，整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險和基本醫(yī)療保險制度，逐步做實養(yǎng)老保險個人賬戶，實現(xiàn)基礎養(yǎng)老金全國統(tǒng)籌，建立兼顧各類人員的社會保障待遇確定機制和正常調(diào)整機制。擴大社會保障基金籌資渠道，建立社會保險基金投資運營制度，確?；鸢踩捅Ｖ翟鲋?。完善社會救助體系，健全社會福利制度，支持發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)，做好優(yōu)撫安置工作。建立市場配置和政府保障相結(jié)合的住房制度，加強保障性住房建設和管理，滿足困難家庭基本需求。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權益。積極應對人口老齡化，大力發(fā)展老齡服務事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)。健全殘疾人社會保障和服務體系，確實保障殘疾人權益。健全社會保障經(jīng)辦管理體制，建立更加便民快捷的服務體系。

社會保障一般由社會保險、社會救助、社會福利、社會優(yōu)撫、社會互助、商品保險和慈善事業(yè)等方面組成。我國現(xiàn)有社會保障制度的主要內(nèi)容有：城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度、職工基本醫(yī)療保險制度、失業(yè)保險制度、城市居民最低生活保障制度。但是，從我國處于社會主義初級階段并將長期處于社會主義初級階段這一基本國情來看，我國當前的社會主義社會保障體系是不完善，不健全的。覆蓋范圍窄、制度不健全、管理基礎薄弱等，都是我們所存在的問題。

眾所周知，“民惟邦本,本固邦寧”，是我國千百年來有識之士的共同理想。但真正視人民為國家之本,真正富民強邦的是忠實地代表人民利益,一切從人民利益出發(fā)的中國共產(chǎn)黨。我們黨不斷發(fā)展壯大，帶領人民從勝利不斷走向勝利，始終立于不敗之地，最根本的一條在于我們黨始終把“民”字放在了心中最高位置，始終堅持了全心全意為人民

服

務的宗

旨。

“民”字立黨心，黨心連民心。在我國改革發(fā)展進入關鍵階段召開的十八大，不僅體現(xiàn)了我們黨始終如一、一心為民的政治追求。

當前，勞動就業(yè)、物價房價、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、入學教育、食品安全、收入分配、環(huán)保治安等問題，是人民群眾最關心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實的利益問題。解決這些問題，關鍵在于黨的各級領導干部要堅持立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民，真正代表人民掌好權、用好權，切實做到權為民所用，情為民所系，利為民所謀。

如何切實解決好民生問題呢，如何完善社會主義保障體系呢？十八大提出我們當做到五個統(tǒng)籌：統(tǒng)籌經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展;統(tǒng)籌勞動就業(yè)和社會保障;統(tǒng)籌城鎮(zhèn)社會保障和農(nóng)村社會保障;統(tǒng)籌公平和效率;統(tǒng)籌政府作用與市場效率。完善的社會保障體系是社會發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定器，建立健全的社會保障體系有利于緩解社會矛盾，是社會穩(wěn)定、國家長治久安的重要保證;有利于深化企事業(yè)單位體制改革;有利于完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。

二 加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式

以經(jīng)濟建設為中心是興國之要，發(fā)展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。只有推動經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，才能筑牢國家繁榮富強、人民幸福安康、社會和諧穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)基礎。必須堅持發(fā)展是硬道理的戰(zhàn)略思想，決不能有絲毫動搖。在當代中國，堅持發(fā)展是硬道理的本質(zhì)要求就是堅持科學發(fā)展。以科學發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式為主線，是關系我國發(fā)展全局的戰(zhàn)略抉擇。要適應國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟形勢新變化，加快形成新的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，把推動發(fā)展的立足點轉(zhuǎn)到提高質(zhì)量和效益上來，著力激發(fā)各類市場主體發(fā)展新活力，著力增強創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展新動力，著力構建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新體系，著力培育開放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢，使經(jīng)濟發(fā)展更多依靠內(nèi)需特別是消費需求拉動，更多依靠現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)帶動，更多依靠科技進步、勞動者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，更多依靠節(jié)約資源和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟推動，更多依靠城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)互動，不斷增強長期發(fā)展后勁。

第四篇：十八大報告要點解讀

The Analysis of the Humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol

Zhao Chengcheng(Class1, 2009, Foreign Language School, Qingdao Agricultural University)

Abstract: Charles Dickens is the outstanding realistic novelist in the 19th century.A Christmas carol is the masterpiece of Dickens which has fully reflected his humanitarianism.This thesis mainly analyzes the humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas carol and the impact of Charles Dickens? humanitarianism.This thesis analyzes Charles Dickens? humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.Meanwhile it analyzes the impact of Dickens? humanitarianism on the future generation.Finally, we come to the conclusion that humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love, instead of money, is the highest treasure in the world.Keywords: Dickens;humanitarianism;love;impact

分析《圣誕歡歌》中的人道主義精神

摘要：查爾斯狄更斯是十九世紀杰出的現(xiàn)實主義小說家?！妒フQ歡歌》是狄更斯的代表作，充分體現(xiàn)了作者的人道主義精神。本文主要分析了狄更斯的這部作品中所體現(xiàn)的人道主義精神以及他的人道主義思想對后世的影響。本文將從三個方面來進行分析：人道主義的核心——仁愛，外在的感化，以善抗惡。同時此文也將分析狄更斯的人道主義思想對后世的影響。最后得出結(jié)論，人道主義是社會生存與和諧所必需的，仁愛終將感化邪惡，戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，仁愛才是世上最大的財富而不是金錢。

關鍵詞：狄更斯，人道主義，仁愛；影響

1.Introduction Charles Dickens is widely considered the greatest novelist of the Victorian age.Dickens?s works are always characterized by attacks on cruelty, moral indifference and social evils.Dickens?s works are mainly promoting humanistic ideals.Humanitarianism begins from the Renaissance and start from humanity, then the humanitarians set up their ideological system and it bases on the abstract and universal humanity.Humanity is the main point and start point of Dickens? humanitarianism.He emphasizes the “l(fā)ove” is the most important points of his capitalist humanitarianism and firmly believe that its powerful function to solve the social problem and eliminate the class contradiction.He opposed the class exploitation and oppression.He dreams on using the morality to educate the society and then influence the villain.We can analyze his humanitarianism according to one of his famous works—A Christmas Carol.A Christmas Carol was published in 1843 which aroused extensive attention.It is generally accepted that Dickens creates the modern Christmas and make whole society know the real meaning of Christmas, that?s the reason why this book so famous.This book mainly narrates a story about how a miser changes to a generous man and deeply aware of his evildoing.The main character Scrooge as typical of the capitalist who is shrewd in money matters everyday.He just knows save money in his lifetime, cheat workers out of cash indifferently.He rejects his nephew?s greeting, gives nothing to the poor man.However, three spirits appears in his dream and takes him to the past, present and future time.It frees him from the chains which made by himself and Scrooge realized the real meaning of life.A Christmas Carol embodies the humanitarianism of Dickens clearly and it arouses the spirit of Christmas in people?s mind.The core of this novel is “l(fā)ove”;Dickens portrays some typical characters that embody his view such as Scrooge?s nephew, the clerk, and the little kind kids.At the same time, it expresses author?s great anger to capitalism, sympathized with the working-class and underclass.And then the novel advocate that human beings should use love and kindness to solve the real problems, use humanity instead of cruelty to harmonize the contradiction, popularize the education and improve our society.A Christmas Carol became one of the most favorite novels since the Victorian age.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.2.Humanitarianism Reflected in A Christmas Carol

Dickens's humanitarianism formed in the Victorian age and had great influence on the literature of later ages.Zhao YanQiu divided Dickens?s morals into three levels: the core is love and kind, the middle is brave, honest, and selfless, the surface level is the cultivation and attitude.This partition provides highly reference value for us to analyze the Dickens' humanitarianism(張之燕，2008:10).Dickens? humanitarianism is sentimental.Most of his works are characterized by 2 the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man?s destiny.In A Christmas Carol, Dickens? humanitarianism is embodied in Scrooge?s family and clerk?s family, the typical poor family during the Victorian society.Humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas Carol from three aspects: the core of novel—love, the influence of external and using love to against the evil things.2.1 Embodiment of the “Love” Thought

2.1.1 Criticism of the Social Reality and Sympathy for the Lower Class As a critical realism writer, Dickens focuses on the important social problem.On the one hand, his work exposes the social reality and expresses the profound social significance.Through a detailed description of miserable life of Bob?s family and the sad life of children the author shows the current situation of society.Scrooge?s ugly face of capitalism was hated by all of the people.Dickens using humor and sarcasm to describe the misery of the lower-class people, his works removes the hypocrisy of the capitalism and brings the ugly face of capitalist society to the public.On Christmas? eve, two gentlemen came to the Scrooge?s office to raise money.But Scrooge refuted them.Scrooge replied.“Nothing!I don?t have a merry Christmas myself, and I won?t pay for other people to be merry.We all have to pay for prisons and workhouses—they cost enough.The poor will have to go there.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:10)Scrooge refuted two gentlemen and let the poor man to die.He thought that it is a good thing if some of the poor man dies;all of these were none of his business.The words that Scrooge said reflect the hideous face of capitalism and these words also express the cold-blooded of the main character—Scrooge.Author use his hatred to Scrooge to expresses his hatred to the society in Victoria age and shows his prominent love to the underclass, especially to the poor children.Dickens? humanitarianism distinct reflects the criticism to the social reality.Dickens use vivid language to portray a typical miser image and reflects the ugly face of the capitalism society.The reality of society is hypocrisy and indifference.Dickens tries to do something to correct the situation and awaken the spiritual consciousness and purify the soul.His words strongly condemned the evil indeed of the capitalist society.On the other hand, Dickens is sympathy with the people who lives in the bottom of society.The description of the lower class in A Christmas Carol is filling with compassion.Dickens is sympathy with the miserable fate of the bottom.He uses vivid language to describe the tragic circumstance of the clerk?s family and express the 3 active optimism of the poor man.Dickens?s sympathy reflected in he gives love to the lower class.At the end of the novel, Scrooge had changed completely.Scrooge?s changing reverses the fate of the bottom class directly.Scrooge leant his lesson from the spirits.On Christmas day, Scrooge awakened to the truth.He brought the biggest turkey and sent it to the clerk?s family.Scrooge went to his nephew?s home and shared the holiday happiness with his relatives.“A merry Christmas, Bob than I?ve given you for a long time.I?m going to pay you well, and help you with your family, and we?ll discuss it all this afternoon over a Christmas drink, Bob!Put more wood on the fire at once, Bob Cratchit, and let?s be comfortable!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:88)Scrooge also paid double salary to Bob and gave him a happy holiday.All these prescriptions express his sympathy for the lower class.It is a representation of simple humanitarian spirit.He considers that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil.The kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.He advocates love and humanism, criticizes the immoral and the evil of the bourgeois society.Dickens gives readers a happy ending.In his view, no matter whoever you are, wherever you are, you will finally get your own happiness as long as you keep love in mind and remain loyal(張之燕,2008:14-15).2.1.2 Sympathy for the Miserable Life of Children In his lifetime, Charles Dickens used his pen to mould many typical miserable children characters in his works.Because of Dickens?s miserable childhood experience, he sublimated his tragic fate to the sympathy for children.Dickens's miserable childhood break his heart permanent.When Dickens was very young he was happy and carefree everyday, but later when his father went to jail his life was full of distress and misery.All these experiences were significant helpful to his creation and to the formation of his innovate and dauntless idea.Dickens' inner mind is represented by his great attention to the children characters.It embodies his humanitarianism correctly, precisely and directly.The children characters in Dickens?s works shaped by him are always faithful, kindhearted and like sage.And Dickens thinks that children are the truest representative of humanitarianism.His child?s character owes always keeping faithful, pure and love.In A Christmas Carol, the most typical miserable children character is the tiny Tim.The novel describes tiny Tim like that “Poor tiny Tim had not walked since he was born, and although he could pull himself and his thin legs along with the help of a wooden crutch, he was not strong enough to travel far alone.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:44)Tim is really a kind child.He 4 believes that God bless every one in the world, No matter what they do, how bad they are.Love must be universal, especially to those who hurt us.The kindness of tiny Tim moved Scrooge very much.As Scrooge and spirit disappear in the light of the spirit?s torch, Scrooge cannot take his eyes off them, especially Tiny Tim.At last author gave readers a happy ending, let clerk?s family have their first happy holiday and the whole family get together.When “the weak” was driven into a corner, author always arrange a philanthropist appears even make the villain came to realize the truth.The sudden change of plot brings a happy ending really reflects Dickens?s subjective wishes of humanitarianism.Dickens always pay great attention to “a small potato” like little tiny, Scrooge?s nephew.It is undoubted that Dickens is a writer who deep sympathy with the oppressed people.He once appealed to the upper class: the living situation of the lower class is very terrible.It is dangerous to break out the resistance, from another prospective;it is also very dangerous to those people who dominated other?s fate.(殷愛平，2012:14)

These characters are not only true to life but also larger than life.They show the lower classes' miserable situation with deep sympathy and indignation, especially children.And he has fashioned his characters that are innocent, tragic, helpless like Scrooge?s nephew, tiny Tim, clerk Bob.These children characters show the writer's steadfast belief of human nature and beautiful idea.Through the descriptions of the children characters, Charles Dickens harshly criticized the bourgeois society, and at the same time showed deep sympathy with the benevolent.It also showed the innocent and painful of the poor.In his works, the justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.If William Shakespeare's humanism is aim to liberate people's minds from the feudal bondage, Charles Dickens is devote himself to relieve people from the exploit by the bourgeoisie(王娜，2011:02).2.1.3 Belief in the Idealism Interpersonal Relationship Along with the publication of a series of Christmas Books, Dickens becomes one of the most favorite writers in the Victoria age.He let people recognize the true meaning of Christmas spirit.He also reflects the “l(fā)ove” thought through the idealism interpersonal relationship.Charles Dickens took his pen as his weapon to reveal the brutal act of the members of the upper classes and showed the beastly behaviors they did to those people at the bottom.In A Christmas Carol, author portrays an idealism relationship between Scrooge and his clerk?s family.Scrooge even moved by kind 5 people and then awakened to the truth.He decided to turn over a new leaf.At the beginning, Scrooge is a hard, clever, mean old man.There is nothing warm about him.He lives a secretive, lonely life, and takes no interest in other people at all.He thinks Christmas is humbug and a time when you spend too much, But then he changes to a kind-hearted, philanthropicminde people.We can see that the thought of young novelist is naive with his lively strokes and the optimistic tone.His thought advocates harmonies interpersonal relationship.Britain novelist says when he talks about The Pickwick Papers: ?strictly, Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth.? It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity and he is a capitalistic idealist.He expects that the society in that stage will become much better and he considers that only love and humanism can guide people to the lightness.As everyone knows, Dickens has living outside the country many years.His work is poignant;he knows the seamy side of capitalist society and pursuit of money through his heightened awareness.Dickens?s work reflects that he pay more attention to the essence of ruthless bourgeoisie.There is no doubt that it is the result of myth.(殷愛平,2002:14).There is another idealism interpersonal relationship between Scrooge and his nephew.On Christmas Eve, Scrooge?s nephew came to invite his uncle to share the wonderful festival.But his uncle rejected him and kicked him out four times.The little nephew left without any angry, he still hope to invite his uncle come to their home every year if he likes.At last, Scrooge?s nephew forgave his uncle.How kind is the little nephew.He shows us how to treat the evil kindly.After the Scrooge wakens to the truth, he realizes the real meaning of life and love is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Dickens hopes the world change to be a new sights and the capitalism take on a new look.Carton?s prophetic vision of “a fair city”．“a beautiful city and a brilliant people rising from this abyss” echoes the prophetic writing of Blake，Coleridge，and Wordsworth，who also not agree with the bloody revolution．It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity as a capitalistic idealist.Dickens hopes that people forgive each other, love each other.Poor man should not lose their dignity and rich man should be merciful to the bottom class of society.We can say that the core of Dickens?s humanitarianism is “l(fā)ove”, this thought throughout his literature works.He expects that our society will become better and he believes someday we can achieve the 6 idealism interpersonal relationship(殷愛平，2002:15).Britain novelist thought Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth(John O.Jordan, 2004:68).2.2 Advocation of the External Influence and Using Love against Evil

Dickens? humanitarianism emphasizes the external influence instead of the inner struggle and wake up to reality.His thought is heteronomy, not autonomy.There always have several kind men like sage in Dickens? novel.They seem to bathe themselves in God?s glory, and disseminate the beauty and love.They all perfect as the God.Some people refer to it as a belief and make use of the belief to repent.We rarely to see the confrontation in their inner mind and most of their change was caused by the external influence.Most of his works are characterized by the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man?s destiny.Their behavior changed him.Different from Dostoevsky, Dickens believes that the majority of people really are inherently good.Most evil people changed by the environment.He teaches his son: “My dear son!Never be ruthless and arrogant to any poor people.They?re dreadful, because their friends are not kind-hearted.They would be kind if their friends are kind.Thinking about how the Jesus teach them when you heard someone tale about the poor man and suffering man.”

There?re four people influenced Scrooge most in A Christmas Carol.Firstly thanks to three ghosts who appearance on Christmas Eve.Actually the ghosts are the prototype of Scrooge?s friends Mallet.Novel hinted about Scrooge is stingy as Mallet, so when Scrooge was shocked when he saw three ghosts came to his home.In fact, Ghosts is Scrooge?s looks in mirror, Scrooge saw the fateful consequences of his evil deeds.It makes him anew examines himself.He knew stingy drove his mind inward and indiffence.From then on, he realized his errors and mended his ways.Three ghosts took Scrooge to the past, present and future.When they came to the past, they saw Scrooge?s boss, old Fezziwig, who treats him as his son.Scrooge thinks back on his life in the past.His boss not only gives him many add rewards but also give him an early start to his holiday.On Christmas Eve, old Fezziwig invite the fiddler to play Christmas songs.All of them laughing and singing together.Old Fezziwig stands a sharp contrast to the selfishness Scrooge.It let Scrooge know that it is easy enough to amuse other people.Scrooge says “No, spirit, you see, our employer can make us happy or sad.His words, his looks, all these things are so important!The happiness that he gives is just as valuable as money!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:34)Actually, old Fezziwig influenced Bob by his kindness.Then Scrooge 7 thought of his evil deeds and regret profoundly.Then the ghosts took Scrooge to the present, his nephew?s family.The second sage is Scrooge?s nephew.He let his uncle feel the love of family.The little nephew invites his uncle to share the Christmas day and thanks his uncle brings them this beautiful life.He thinks it?s sad to think of his uncle every Christmas.Uncle can be cross and miserable if he likes, but he?ll go on inviting him and someday perhaps he?ll think better of Christmas!He was influenced by all these kind behaviors.Because they believe Scrooge is kind in his inner heart.When Scrooge hears his nephew saying like that he felt guilty.Thinking of his horrible attitude to his nephew, he hangs his head in shame.Bob is the third people who moved Scrooge very much.Bob is Scrooge?s clerk.His home is as poor as a church.Because of the poor salary, they can?t buy a real turkey.Children are very exciting because their family has a really big chicken for dinner.But in fact it was only a small chicken, but it seemed large to the excited children.But they are not complaining about the society and the boss at all.On the contrary, they bless the Scrooge health and happy every day.?Mr.Scrooge!? said Bob.?Let?s drink to Mr.Scrooge, whose money has paid for this meal!? ?Well, I?ll drink to his health only because of you and because it is Christmas.Long life to Mr.Scrooge!A merry Christmas and a happy new year to him!(Charles Dickens, 2006:60)? In fact, everyone is kind hearted, so does Scrooge.He is the people who willing to repent.He has both kind and evil character in his mind.He can?t save himself but he knows himself clearly.Because of the complex environment, he keeps his way of life.Once the saint strength makes efforts to change him, it will be recalling his humanity of love easily.Ahter these experiences Scrooge changed completely and he realized the true meaning of Christmas.The novel shows us through Scrooge?s words.“I will be good to other people.I will keep Christmas in my heart, and will try to be kind, and cheerful, and merry, every day.Money can?t buy a happy life, or a peaceful death!” Scrooge said.(Charles Dickens, 2006:78)Adherence to this concept, Dickens pays more attention to the effect of external influence and nothing is better than love to influencing others.3.The Impact of Dickens’ Humanitarianism on the Future Generation A Christmas Carol was one of the most masterpieces in the history of humanism.Later, it became the theoretical source of humanism movement?s development.8 Dickens is wildly considered as one of the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and creates many memorable characters.During Dickens?s lifetime, his works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was fully recognized by scholars and critics.His short stories and novels continue to enjoy a great popularity among the general reading public.He put forward the ideal of creation, A Christmas Carol, not only became a classic work of humanitarianism, but also became one of the one hundred books which affecting the world deeply.Charles Dickens and his famous works deeply inspired people generation after generation.He glorifies kindness and love, criticize evil and hatred.Dickens? humanism is impact on the future generation.Dickens? humanism is undoubted of considerable realistic significance.Dickens hopes his work not only can help people to build up right values, philosophy, and moral view but also improve the social situation.Finally Dickens achieved his goal.People learnt the ?kindheartedness?? spirit which was cultivated by A Christmas Carol.Charles Dickens is also a great critic realism writer.His work tells us lots about capitalism social reality.He uses the typical characters satirizes the ugly phenomena in society.To some extent, Dickens? humanism deeply influenced many novelists since 19th century, such as Charlotte Bronte in British, George moxa lott, hardy, Henry James in America and Dostoevsky in Russia.Dostoevsky read Dickens? work so many times that Dickens? thought deeply affect his thoughts and life.Pearl buck, very famous in literary world in 20th century, is also deeply influenced by Dickens?s humanitarianism.She ever wrote in A Debts to Dickens: “my feeling for Dickens is different from others.He let me see different kinds of people.He taught me love these people no matter they?re rich or poor, no matter they?re children or old man.He taught me we should hated hypocrisy.he let me know that mercy is the best moral in the world and kindness is the most beautiful thing in the world.” from the confession of pearl buck and her Christian spirit we can know that she is deeply influenced by Dickens?s humanism.Actually, in real life, she is dedicated to charity.She is against race prejudice, stop sex discrimination.She is also condemning the British colonial rule.Writing and charity are the two main businesses in his life time and commit to the welfare projects in the old age.What?s more, Dickens? humanitarianism has great effect on Chinese culture.With the Pressure of Western thought, many works of Dickens were translated to Chinese.In the first part of 20th century, China is during the turbulence time and 9 wartime.Dickens? humanitarianism thought emphasize love and kind;advocate the mediation of the class.It is filled with warm atmosphere and brings hopeful light to the society.Therefore, Dickens? works are deep loved by the entire world.But his thought is hard to accept by the writers who think society is the most important.Dickens? thought has a realistic significant in contemporary society.Dickens? humanitarianism thoughts are also have meaningful significance to new century.We live in a materialistic society;his humanitarianism may be a little sentimental.Love and kind cannot give us tangible things, but it brings us a fulfilling life.We couldn?t have such harmonies life without humanism.And today, it has great theoretical and practical significance for us to re-read the thoughts and the writings of Charles Dickens.4.Conclusion Humanitarianism has a long history in the literary world and Dickens?s humanism thought have an important influence on the later ages.This thesis analysis the humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.From the typical kind characters we can get a conclusion that love is the core of humanism.Love can influence evil and love will prevail against evil.Love is the highest treasure in the world instead of material enjoyment.The justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.Furthermore, moral education is the chief remedy for all social evils.Dickens humanitarianism's miniature was praising the morals and criticizing the evils.What?s more, Charles Dickens makes efforts to expose the evil phenomena in society and devotes all his life into the humanitarianism.He criticizes the social reality and sympathy for the lower class, especially for the miserable children.According to the sympathy for the miserable children in A Christmas Carol, we can see Dickens? humanism thoughts clearly.He thinks that human beings can be influenced by love and moral education.And it is cruelty and unnecessary to break out revolution, although he does not agree with what the capitalist have done.Everyone should love each other and only the humanism can improve this situation, using love against the evil things but not violence.Dickens believes in the idealism interpersonal relationship.Although it is only a good wish, someday we may achieve it if everyone pays attention to the moral promotion.Dickens? works not only exposes the hypocrisy side of upper-class society to public in Britain of the 19th century, but 10 also shows the miserable situation of lower class with deep sympathy, especially for children.And A Christmas Carol is the best work, which embodies his humanitarianism.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.In a word, the humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol is portrayed most vivid and strongly impact on capitalism.Through Dickens?s thoughts, we realize humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love will influence evil and love will prevail against evil.“Love” is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Reference 1.Charles Dickens.1997.A Christmas Carol[C].Oxford University Press.2.John O.Jordan.2004.The Cambridge Companion to the Charles Dickens[C].上海外語外交出版社。

3.王娜，2022，Analysis of Children Characters in Charles Dickens?s Novel[D]，《中外文學文化研究》。

4.張之燕，2008，從人物形象看狄更斯的人道主義思想[D],湖南大學。5.殷愛平，2002，狄更斯“仁愛”思想初探[J]，《鎮(zhèn)江高專學報》04期。6.羅京國，1981，狄更斯評論集[C]，上海譯文出版社。

7.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens#Influence_and_legacy 8.http://004km.cn/ 9.http://004km.cn/w/barnes-noble-leatherbound-classics-charles-dickens-charles-dickens/ 11

第五篇：十八大報告要點解讀

十八大報告要點解讀

1.建成小康

【報告原文】：中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

【要點解讀】：從“建設”到“建成”，一字的變化，卻是質(zhì)的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現(xiàn)在全國人民面前，必將極大激發(fā)全國人民的

2.兩個翻番

【報告原文】：在發(fā)展平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性、可持續(xù)性明顯增強的基礎上，實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：這是中共首次明確提出居民收入倍增目標。到那時，全國老百姓的衣食住行用水平將全面提高，基本公共服務均等化將總體實現(xiàn)，全民受教育程度和創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)水平將明顯提高，教育現(xiàn)代化將基本實現(xiàn)，農(nóng)民工子女將平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才，城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)將更加充分，收入分配差距將會縮小，中等收入群體將持續(xù)擴大，扶貧對象將大幅減少，農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化進程將加快，城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務將實現(xiàn)常住人口全覆蓋，人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務，人居環(huán)境明顯改善，住房保障體系基本形成。老百姓生活在社會主義中國的幸福感將普遍增強!【報告原文】：經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式取得重大進展，在發(fā)展平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性、可持續(xù)性明顯增強的基礎上，實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：針對２０２０年全面建成小康社會的目標，十八大報告中提出“實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比２０１０年翻一番”的新指標。代表們認為，雙指標同步提 出，說明我們不是一味追求經(jīng)濟總量的快速增長，而是下決心更加重視居民收入的提高。內(nèi)蒙古阿巴嘎旗薩如拉圖雅嘎查黨支部書記、廷·巴特爾代表說：“報告針 對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長提出明確的倍增目標，這體現(xiàn)了科學發(fā)展觀的要求，進一步反映了我們黨以人為本、民生優(yōu)先的執(zhí)政理念，讓人倍感溫暖?！?/p>

代表們認為，隨著經(jīng)濟社會不斷進步，全面建設小康社會的奮斗目標也在不斷發(fā)展、完善，目標更高，標準更嚴?！皩崿F(xiàn)這個溫暖人心的目標并不容易，這是黨和政 府在改善民生上自我加壓?！蓖ⅰぐ吞貭栒J為，居民收入是硬指標，比起其他的民生指標更直接、更現(xiàn)實，最具有幸福感。甘肅省扶貧辦主任、沙拜次力代表認為，將“收入翻番”確定為奮斗目標，更加凸顯了中國共產(chǎn)黨關注民生的基本立場。

從統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)看，十六大以來，年均經(jīng)濟增速超過１０％；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入扣除價格因素年均實際增長９．２％，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均實際增長 ８．１％，是歷史上增長最快的時期之一?！皥蟾嬷刑岢鰞蓚€翻番的要求，給我們明確了農(nóng)村今后的發(fā)展道路，為我們指明了發(fā)展的方向和目標。”安徽省阜陽市潁 州區(qū)種糧大戶葛浩新代表信心滿滿。

“收入翻番需要強有力的經(jīng)濟支撐，這需要我們緊緊扭住發(fā)展不放松，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，不斷做大做好‘發(fā)展蛋糕’?！蓖ⅰぐ吞貭栒f。