第一篇：合同翻譯英文詞匯大總結(jié)

法人資格 corporate capacity 法人的權(quán)利能力 legal capacity of juristic person 監(jiān)護(hù)人：guardian 附帶的條件 incident 必然因果關(guān)系positive causal relationship 補(bǔ)充規(guī)定supplementary provision 補(bǔ)救辦法remedial measures 個(gè)體工商戶(hù)：individual businesses 法人的責(zé)任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 工商行政管理機(jī)關(guān)：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本義務(wù) fundamental duties of citizens 合同規(guī)定 contract provisions/stipulations 合同有效期contract life 負(fù)全部責(zé)任 bear all responsibilities;in all charge 負(fù)有連帶義務(wù)的每個(gè)債務(wù)人：each of the joint debtors 合同正本 originals of the contract 核準(zhǔn)登記的經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍：within the range approved and registered 居民委員會(huì)：the neighborhood committee 履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)：fulfill duty of guardianship 比較法學(xué)派school of comparative jurisprudence 比較刑法comparative penal law 比較刑法學(xué)comparative penal jurisprudence 超出法律權(quán)限的 extralegal 超過(guò)權(quán)限 exceed authority;beyond jurisdiction 成文法 written law 傳統(tǒng)法律觀(guān)念 traditional ideas of law 純粹法學(xué) pure theory of law平等主體：civil subjects with equal status 企業(yè)法人被撤銷(xiāo)：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person 企業(yè)法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 取得不當(dāng)?shù)美簆rofits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 附帶要求 contingent claim 賦予權(quán)力 entitle 不履行法律義務(wù)non-performance of obligation 不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptible right 不作為abstain from an act;act of omission 部門(mén)法department law 取得法人資格：be qualified as a legal person 全民所有制企業(yè)：an enterprise owned by the whole people 讓與 alien;alienate;assign;cede 按照法律規(guī)定according to law 按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 按照確定的份額分擔(dān)義務(wù)：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教學(xué)法case system 案例匯編case book;case report;law report 埋藏物、隱藏物：buried or concealed object 農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營(yíng)戶(hù)：leaseholding farm households 次要規(guī)則 secondary rule 從寬解釋原則 doctrine of liberal construction 從權(quán)利 accessory right 被視為be deemed as 被宣布為非法be outlawed;be declared illegal 比較法comparative law 比較法學(xué)comparative jurisprudence 不成文法unwritten law 不成文憲法unwritten constitution 不可抗力 force majuere 不可讓與性inalienability 部門(mén)規(guī)章regulation 參照原文 consult the original 超出法律范圍的 outside of law 沖突規(guī)則 conflict rule;rule of conflict 除(本法)另有規(guī)定外 except for otherwise stipulated(by this law)觸犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests 次要法規(guī) by law 大法 the fundamental law 大法官 Lord High Chancellor

第二篇：合同翻譯詞匯

瑕疵 defect，救濟(jì) remedy，不可抗力 force majeure/Act of God，管轄 jurisdiction，損毀 damage，滅失 loss，損害賠償 indemnities，不用“compensation”，服務(wù)賠償 credit（對(duì)于不能達(dá)到合同約定服務(wù)等級(jí)時(shí)對(duì)服務(wù)費(fèi)用的賠償），其他事項(xiàng) miscellaneous，不用“other matters/events”。

“因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z(yǔ)多用“by virtue of”，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于“due to”一般不用“because of”；

“財(cái)務(wù)末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；

“關(guān)于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”，而不會(huì)用“about”；

“事實(shí)上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；

“開(kāi)始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”；

“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；

“理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”； “認(rèn)為”用“deem”,用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；

“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”,而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”；

“依照合同相關(guān)規(guī)定”一般說(shuō)“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不說(shuō)“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”；

“合同任何一方當(dāng)事人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本合同”英文表述為“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，選用“Neither party to the contract”較少。

第三篇：合同翻譯常用詞匯

合同翻譯常用句型和詞匯

This contract is made in two originals 此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正that should be held by each party.本。

What is left unmentioned in contract may 本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作be added there as an appendix.為合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate 本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）(two for original and copy respectively)自簽署后生效 which shall become valid on the date of

signature.This Contract is executed in two 本合同為中英文兩種文本，兩種文counterparts each in Chinese and English, 本具有同等效力。本合同一式兩each of which shall be deemed equally 份。自雙方簽字（蓋章）之日起生authentic.This contract is in 2 copies 效。effective since being signed/sealed by

both parties.This contract is made by and between the 本合同由買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方簽訂，根據(jù)本合buyers and sellers，whereby the buyers 同條款，買(mǎi)方同意購(gòu)買(mǎi)，賣(mài)方同意agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell 出售以下產(chǎn)品。the under-mentioned commodities

according to the terms and conditions

stipulated below.買(mǎi)方 buyer

賣(mài)方 seller

項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng) Project name

地址 address

電話(huà) phone

傳真 fax

聯(lián)系人 contact person

1.詳細(xì)貨物清單 Detail supply list

2.合同價(jià)格 Contract value

序號(hào) item 型號(hào) model 尺寸 size，dimension 數(shù)量 amount，unit 單價(jià) unit price 總價(jià) total price 備注 remark 貨物，運(yùn)費(fèi) freight，transportation 合同總額（含安裝費(fèi)與稅金）Contract amount incl.VAT & installation

3.付款條件 payment conditions，payment terms

4.交貨地點(diǎn) delivery place

5.發(fā)貨期 delivery time

6.安裝條款 installation clause

7.驗(yàn)收條款 inspection clause

8.保證條款 guarantee clause

9.不可抗拒條款 Force Majeure Clause

10.違約條款 Breach clause

11.其他條款 Miscellaneous clause

12.買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方信息 buyer and seller information

a long-term contract 長(zhǎng)期合同

a short-term contract 短期合同

completion of contract 完成合同

contract for future delivery 期貨合同

contract for goods 訂貨合同

contract for purchase 采購(gòu)合同

contract for service 勞務(wù)合同

labor contract勞動(dòng)合同

contract note 買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同（證書(shū)）

contract of arbitration 仲裁合同

contract of carriage /Carriage Contract運(yùn)輸合同

Passenger Carriage Contract 客運(yùn)合同

Cargo Carriage Contract貨運(yùn)合同

Technology Contract技術(shù)合同

Technology Development Contract技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)合同

Technology Transfer Contract技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同

Technical Consulting Contract技術(shù)咨詢(xún)合同

Technical Service Contract技術(shù)服務(wù)合同

Safekeeping Contract 保管合同

Warehousing Contract倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)合同

Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同

Trading-Trust Contract 行紀(jì)合同

Brokerage Contract 居間合同

Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同

contract of employment 雇傭合同

contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同

contract of sale 銷(xiāo)售合同

Sales Contract 買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同

Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat

同

Gift Contract 贈(zèng)與合同

Contract for Loan of Money 借款合同

Leasing Contract租賃合同

Financial Leasing Contract 融資租賃合同 供電、水、氣、熱合Contracts of Hired Work 承攬合同

Contracts for Construction Project 建設(shè)工程合同

contract life 合同有效期

a nice fat contract 一個(gè)很有利的合同

a written contract 書(shū)面合同

an executor contract 尚待執(zhí)行的合同

breach of contract 違反合同

cancellation of contract 撤消合同

contract parties 合同當(dāng)事人

contract period(or contract term)合同期限

contract price 合約價(jià)格

contract provisions/stipulations 合同規(guī)定

contract sales 訂約銷(xiāo)售

contract terms(or contract clause)合同條款

contract wages 合同工資

contract 合同，訂立合同

contractor 訂約人，承包人

contractual claim 根據(jù)合同的債權(quán)

contractual damages 合同引起的損害

contractual dispute 合同上的爭(zhēng)議

contractual guarantee 合同規(guī)定的擔(dān)保

contractual income 合同收入

contractual liability/obligation 合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)

contractual practice/usage 合同慣例

contractual specifications 合同規(guī)定

contractual terms & conditions 合同條款和條件

contractual 合同的，契約的contractual-joint-venture 合作經(jīng)營(yíng)，契約式聯(lián)合經(jīng)營(yíng)

copies of the contract 合同副本

originals of the contract 合同正本

execution of contract/performance of contract履行合同

expiration of contract 合同期滿(mǎn)

interpretation of contract 解釋合同

renewal of contract 合同的續(xù)訂

此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正本。This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）自簽署后生效

第四篇：環(huán)境英文詞匯翻譯

IPCC：the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 政府間氣候變化小組: three Working Groups reports: 三個(gè)工作小組報(bào)告 Synthesis report 綜合報(bào)告 Glaciers 冰川

Precipitation 降雨

Abnormal weather tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions 熱帶、亞熱帶和地中海地區(qū) cyclones 氣旋，龍卷風(fēng)

meteorological terms 氣象詞匯 submergence 淹沒(méi)

coral reefs 珊瑚礁, tundra 永凍土，boreal forest 北部森林 inertia 慣性

mitigation 減緩

the Arctic region 北極地區(qū) the Antarctic region 南極地區(qū) ice cap 冰帽 ice sheet 冰原

mass-balance of glacier 冰川的物料平衡/量 ripple effect 波紋效應(yīng) chain effect 連鎖反應(yīng) low-carbon economy 低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) assessment 評(píng)估

vulnerable areas concentration, carbon dioxide 二氧化碳濃度 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent 二氧化碳當(dāng)量 North Hemisphere 北半球

water scarcity, food security, epidemic 缺水、缺食、流行病 scenario 情況，情景

social check & balance 社會(huì)制約與平衡

legislation , jurisdiction and executive 立法、司法和行政 mega-delta 大三角地區(qū)，巨型三角洲地區(qū) adapt to, adaptation frequency and severity 頻率和嚴(yán)重性 polar areas 北極地區(qū)

on the verge of extinction 滅絕 Immune: 免疫

Reduction of emissions 減排 Interim target 中期目標(biāo) Renewable energy: 可再生能源 Geothermal：地?zé)崮?/p>

Ratify 批準(zhǔn)

KP Kyoto Protocol 京都議定書(shū)

Carbon emissions and Efficiency benchmark：碳排放能效對(duì)標(biāo) Deforestation：濫砍濫伐

Clean coal technology 清潔煤炭技術(shù) National capacity 國(guó)力

Rigorous 嚴(yán)格的

Common but differentiated responsibility：共同但有差別的責(zé)任 Coal-fired Power Plants(station)火力發(fā)電廠(chǎng) Bring that ?.to fruition 取得成效 Inaction：不作為

Mandatory cap: 強(qiáng)制性的 Forest cover 森林覆蓋率

Interconnected Carbon market Deploy low-emission technology 利用低排放技術(shù) Verifiable 可認(rèn)證的 Ministerial-level 部長(zhǎng)級(jí) The Sign is clear 這一點(diǎn)很清楚 media friends 媒體的朋友： glossy paper 銅版紙 call upon 號(hào)召

water conservation benefits節(jié)水的好處

industrial water reuse and recycling工業(yè)中水利用 pollution fines 污染罰款

urban water conservation城市節(jié)水 water saving fixtures節(jié)水裝置

regional economy 地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)

diversification in port operation 港口經(jīng)營(yíng)多元化

perform our duties and fulfill our obligations 責(zé)任和義務(wù) a well-known regional event of the industry 地區(qū)行業(yè)盛會(huì) initiating ports 發(fā)起港 forest coverage森林覆蓋率 global warming全球變暖 principal element主要因素 toxic emission 廢氣排放

ignite the sparks of understanding 迸發(fā)出心靈的火花 建立合作橋梁build the bridge for cooperation 內(nèi)容翔實(shí)substantial in content 能源大省major province of energy 日程緊湊tight in schedule 嚴(yán)重缺水城市a city of severe water shortage 有關(guān)單位units concerned 與?比有差距compared with ,there is still some way to go 預(yù)祝?圓滿(mǎn)成功wish a complete success 開(kāi)源與節(jié)流并重broaden sources of income &reduce expenditure 對(duì)外貿(mào)易港口seaport for foreign trade 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值National Gross Products 歡聚一堂merrily gather 活躍的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶vigorous economic region 基礎(chǔ)雄厚solid foundation 留下最美好的印象may you have a most pleasant impression 盛世the grand occasion 祝愿在停留愉快wish a pleasant stay 綜合性商港comprehensive commercial seaport 春意盎然spring is very much in the air 把?列為重要內(nèi)容place as the priority 不放松工作never neglect the work 節(jié)約用水 water conservation 對(duì)?表示衷心祝賀extend our sincere congratulations on 節(jié)約用水先進(jìn)城市model city of water conservation 使?取得預(yù)期效果attain the results expected 授予?光榮稱(chēng)號(hào) confer honorable awards on 為?而奮斗strive for 從大局出發(fā)proceed from the whole situation 財(cái)政政策financial policy 共同繁榮common prosperity 貿(mào)易投資自由化trade and investment liberalization 日新月異progress with each passing day 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge economy

環(huán)保:Environmental protection 1.保護(hù)和改善生活和生態(tài)環(huán)境 protect and improve the living environment and theecological environment 2.保護(hù)珍貴動(dòng)植物 protect rare animals and plants 3.普及環(huán)保知識(shí) popularize environmental protection knowledge 4.增強(qiáng)環(huán)境意識(shí) enhance the awareness of the importance of(raise the consciousness about)environmental protection 5.改善生態(tài)環(huán)境 improve the eco-environment 6.加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè) improve the eco-construction 7.防治污染 prevent and control pollution 8.加強(qiáng)水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil 9.加強(qiáng)城市綠化 strengthen the greening of the city 10.提高環(huán)境管理水平raise the environmental management level 11.享受?chē)?guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù) enjoy first-class protection of the State 12.加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù) strengthen environmental protection 13.保持生態(tài)平衡 keep ecological balance 14.創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境 create a pleasant ecological environment 15.采用環(huán)保技術(shù) adopt environmental protection technique 16.開(kāi)展保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 17.開(kāi)展綠色活動(dòng) advocate green activities 18.為大量野生動(dòng)植物提供棲息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 19.為人類(lèi)提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings 20.非常注重保護(hù)森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest 21.產(chǎn)生巨大的水文效應(yīng) produce great hydrological effects 22.引發(fā)一系列的問(wèn)題 result in a series of problems 23.幫助減緩全球變暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 24.保留為自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland  25.提高居民的環(huán)保和生態(tài)意識(shí) improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness 26.進(jìn)一步加快環(huán)保規(guī)劃 further speed up environmental protection plans 27.完善城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 28.促進(jìn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展 promote the sustainable development of the city 29.符合舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games 30.擴(kuò)建管道網(wǎng)絡(luò) expand the pipe network 31.淘汰或改造燃煤鍋爐 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 32.禁止露天焚燒 prohibit burning out in the open 33.發(fā)展太陽(yáng)能 develop solar energy 34.提高清潔能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 35.減少機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛 reduce the number of vehicles 36.使用清潔能源 burn clean fuel 37.實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) implement strict vehicle emission standards 38.關(guān)閉化工廠(chǎng) close chemical plants 39.減少浪費(fèi) reduce waste 40.加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control 41.治理沙地和水土流失問(wèn)題 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 42.加強(qiáng)珍稀野生動(dòng)植物的保護(hù)工作 protect rare wild animals and plants 43.崇尚綠色生活方式 pursue a “green” life 44.使用再生紙 use recycle paper 45.參加環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng) take part in environmental protection activities 46.堅(jiān)持門(mén)前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area’ 47.參加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city 48.注重節(jié)約資源 attach importance to saving resources 49.采用新的開(kāi)采方法 apply new exploitation methods 50.削減污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants

biodegradable packaging 可降解包裝

throwaway 可丟棄的 disposable 可丟棄的 discourage v.不鼓勵(lì)

燃料的環(huán)保英語(yǔ)詞匯：

non-renewable 不可再生的

fossil fuels礦石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum

limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然資源

alternative energy替代能源

replace=substitute v.取代

(wind power, hydropower水電 solar(lunar)power太陽(yáng)能 nuclear power核能

radioactivity n.輻射性

use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗盡

conserve v.節(jié)省，節(jié)約

consume less v.少消耗

危害動(dòng)物的環(huán)保英語(yǔ)詞匯：

poaching非法打獵，盜獵

damage natural habitat 破壞自然棲息地

rare breed稀有物種

endangered species瀕危物種

extinct adj.滅絕(die out, disappear動(dòng)詞)

animal rights activist動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者

natural reserve(giant panda大熊貓)自然保護(hù)區(qū)

protect wild life保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物

disastrous災(zāi)難性的, devastation破壞

have disastrous effect on?對(duì)??有災(zāi)難性的影響

危害植物的環(huán)保英語(yǔ)詞匯：

vegetation植被

deforestation森林消失

landslide山體滑坡

危害環(huán)境的環(huán)保英語(yǔ)詞匯：

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

acid rain酸雨(erode腐蝕)

greenhouse effect溫室效應(yīng)(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration惡化)

global warming全球變暖

ecological system=ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

green belt綠化帶, sand storm沙塵暴,(filter v.過(guò)濾)

arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)

全球環(huán)保類(lèi)熱門(mén)話(huà)題英語(yǔ)詞匯：

21世紀(jì)議程：Agenda 21 世界環(huán)境日（6月5日）：World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界環(huán)境日主題：World Environment Day Themes 冰川消融，后果堪憂(yōu)?。?007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地變荒漠?。?006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!營(yíng)造綠色城市，呵護(hù)地球家園?。?005年）Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!海洋存亡，匹夫有責(zé)?。?004年）Wanted!Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive!水——二十億人生命之所系！（2003年）WaterTime to Act!拯救地球就是拯救未來(lái)！（1999年）Our EarthJust Save It!為了地球上的生命-拯救我們的海洋?。?998年)For Life on EarthDevelopment Without Destruction 為了兒童和未來(lái)--沒(méi)有破壞的發(fā)展

1980 A New Challenge for the New Decade: Development Without Destruction 新的十年，新的挑戰(zhàn)--沒(méi)有破壞的發(fā)展

1981 Ground Water;Toxic Chemicals in Human Food Chains and Environmental Economics 保護(hù)地下水和人類(lèi)的食物鏈，防治有毒化學(xué)品污染

1982 Ten Years After Stockholm(Renewal of Environmental Concerns)斯德哥爾摩人類(lèi)環(huán)境會(huì)議十周年--提高環(huán)境意識(shí)

1983 Managing and Disposing Hazardous Waste: Acid Rain and Energy 管理和處置有害廢棄物，防治酸雨破壞和提高能源利用率 1984 Desertification 沙漠化

1985 Youth: Population and the Environment青年、人口、環(huán)境 1986 A Tree for Peace 環(huán)境與和平

1987 Environment and Shelter: More Than A Roof 環(huán)境與居住 1988 When People Put the Environment First, Development Will Last 保護(hù)環(huán)境、持續(xù)發(fā)展、公眾參與

1989 Global Warming;Global Warning警惕全球變暖 1990 Children and the Environment兒童與環(huán)境

1991 Climate Change.Need for Global Partnership氣候變化--需要全球合作 1992 Only One Earth, Care and Share只有一個(gè)地球--一齊關(guān)心，共同分享 1993 Poverty and the EnvironmentSave Our Seas 為了地球上的生命--拯救我們的海洋 1999 Our EarthJust Save It!拯救地球就是拯救未來(lái) 2000 2000 The Environment Millennium行動(dòng)起來(lái)吧！

2001 Connect with the World Wide Web of life世間萬(wàn)物 生命之網(wǎng) 2002 Give Earth a Chance 讓地球充滿(mǎn)生機(jī)

2003 WaterDead or Alive? 海洋存亡 匹夫有責(zé) 2005 Green Cities-Plan for the Planet!營(yíng)造綠色城市，呵護(hù)地球家園

中國(guó)主題：人人參與 創(chuàng)建綠色家園

聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會(huì)（環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)首腦會(huì)議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）國(guó)際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界氣象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中國(guó)21世紀(jì)議程 China's Agenda 21 中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國(guó)跨世紀(jì)綠色工程規(guī)劃 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國(guó)際公約 Convention to Combat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)堅(jiān)持環(huán)境保護(hù)基本國(guó)策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 污染者負(fù)擔(dān)的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy 強(qiáng)化環(huán)境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 環(huán)保執(zhí)法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 生態(tài)示范區(qū) eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 國(guó)家級(jí)生態(tài)示范區(qū)（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 國(guó)家級(jí)園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 工業(yè)固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有機(jī)污染物 organic pollutants 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）

城市垃圾無(wú)害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場(chǎng) refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠(chǎng) refuse incinerator 防止過(guò)度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 deforestation rate 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè) environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水資源保護(hù)區(qū) water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 造林工程 afforestation project 綠化面積 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風(fēng)林 wind breaks 防沙林 sand breaks 速生林 fast-growing trees 降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 開(kāi)發(fā)可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環(huán)保產(chǎn)品 environment-friendly products 自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserve 野生動(dòng)植物 wild fauna and flora 保護(hù)生存環(huán)境 conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動(dòng)物 endangered wildlife 珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 美化環(huán)境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 環(huán)境惡化 environmental degradation 溫飽型農(nóng)業(yè) subsistence agriculture 空氣污染濃度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 工業(yè)粉塵排放 industrial dust discharge 煙塵排放 soot emissions 礦物燃料（煤、石油、天然氣）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清潔能源 clean energy 汽車(chē)尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier 無(wú)鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然氣汽車(chē) gas-fueled vehicles 電動(dòng)汽車(chē) cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 小排量汽車(chē) small-displacement(engine)vehicles 溫室效應(yīng) greenhouse effect 工業(yè)廢水處理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水處理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中處理廠(chǎng) centralized treatment plant

第五篇：商務(wù)英文合同的詞匯特征及其翻譯

【摘 要】商務(wù)合同是商業(yè)法人之間為實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)目的、明確相互權(quán)利義務(wù)的一種文體。商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)屬半法律性語(yǔ)言，用詞準(zhǔn)確、正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，具有鮮明文體意義。本文基于典型實(shí)例分析，探討了商務(wù)英文合同的詞匯特征及翻譯方法。

【關(guān)鍵詞】商務(wù)英文合同 詞匯特征 翻譯

商務(wù)合同是商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)物，它隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生，也隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，是商品交換關(guān)系在法律上的體現(xiàn)，受到國(guó)家法律的承認(rèn)和保護(hù)。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和一體化的今天，國(guó)際商務(wù)活動(dòng)日益頻繁，貿(mào)易國(guó)法人之間為實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而簽訂的明確規(guī)定了貿(mào)易雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，具有法律效力的文件——國(guó)際商務(wù)合同的重要性也越來(lái)越突出。商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)既具有商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也具有法律英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。本文擬從莊重正式、準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和簡(jiǎn)潔明了三個(gè)角度闡述分析商務(wù)英文合同的詞匯特征及其翻譯方法。

一、莊重正式

Martin Joos按照語(yǔ)言使用的正式程度提出了英語(yǔ)的五種變體，即莊重文體(frozen style)，正式文體(formal style)，商議文體（consultative style），隨便文體(casual style)和親密文體(intimate style)。一般認(rèn)為商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)屬莊重文體，即五種變體英語(yǔ)中正式程度最高的一種。商務(wù)英文合同的莊重正式的詞匯特征體現(xiàn)在專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)和外來(lái)詞古體詞的使用上。

1.商務(wù)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)(technical term留學(xué)生論文網(wǎng)http://s)具有鮮明的文體特色。其意義精確、單

一、無(wú)歧義，且不帶有個(gè)人感情色彩。為了準(zhǔn)確描述商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的各個(gè)交易環(huán)節(jié)以及與此相關(guān)的各類(lèi)單據(jù)，商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)文體中使用了大量表意清楚的商務(wù)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。例如，policy（保險(xiǎn)單），negotiable（可轉(zhuǎn)讓的），liability（責(zé)任、義務(wù)），right of recourse（追索權(quán)），factoring（保理）等。這些專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)可避免冗長(zhǎng)的解釋?zhuān)?jiǎn)化交易過(guò)程，提高工作效率。

2.法律專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

為了準(zhǔn)確描述商務(wù)活動(dòng)中交易雙方各自的權(quán)利與義務(wù)，商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)中也使用了較多的法律專(zhuān)業(yè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)。狹義的法律術(shù)語(yǔ)指僅出現(xiàn)在或大多數(shù)情況下出現(xiàn)在法律文件中的法律科學(xué)的特有術(shù)語(yǔ)，此意義上的法律術(shù)語(yǔ)在商務(wù)合同文體中的數(shù)量不多，如：imputed negligence(轉(zhuǎn)嫁的過(guò)失責(zé)任)特指可向與行為人有利害關(guān)系的人或有合同關(guān)系的另一方追究責(zé)任的過(guò)失。商務(wù)合同中這類(lèi)狹義的法律專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)不以大眾是否理解或接受為轉(zhuǎn)移，它是商務(wù)合同語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的保障，是其獨(dú)有的現(xiàn)象。而廣義的法律術(shù)語(yǔ)則包括在法律文體中被賦予特定法律意義的常用詞語(yǔ)，如action(訴訟)，party(當(dāng)事人)，financial responsibility(經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任，指違約責(zé)任，具體可指“賠償損失”、“支付違約金”和“支付遲延支付金額的利息”)。這類(lèi)詞語(yǔ)把握不準(zhǔn)確的話(huà)很容易導(dǎo)致翻譯和理解當(dāng)中的模糊性，因此要格外留意。如，“The contract is concluded in case of acceptance of the offer.”很容易譯為“提議一旦接受，合同隨即訂立?！倍鴮?shí)際上，“acceptance”與“offer”是合同法中兩個(gè)重要的法律術(shù)語(yǔ)，其規(guī)范的譯文分別為“承諾”、“要約”，前者是指受要約人對(duì)要約內(nèi)容表同意，而后者則指一方希望與另一方訂立合同。

3.外來(lái)詞和古體詞

商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)中使用的商務(wù)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)有不少源于拉丁語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)，有些則是由其詞根派生或合成，許多術(shù)語(yǔ)都有相同的前綴或后綴。它們的意義比較穩(wěn)定，利于精確地表達(dá)概念，例如：ad valorem duty(拉丁語(yǔ))從價(jià)(關(guān))稅，bona fide holder(拉丁語(yǔ))匯票的善意持票人，pro rata tax rate比例稅率(拉丁語(yǔ)，即proportional tax rate)，insurance premium per capita(拉丁語(yǔ))人均保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，force majeure(法語(yǔ))不可抗力，pro forma(拉丁語(yǔ))估算表。

商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)具有古體特點(diǎn)，這種古體特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)主要標(biāo)志是古體詞語(yǔ)的使用。古體詞(archaism)是一種具有鮮明文體色彩的詞匯成分。盡管古體詞在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和一般書(shū)面語(yǔ)中極少使用，但在商務(wù)合同等法律文體中，古體詞卻大量出現(xiàn)，充分體現(xiàn)出其莊重嚴(yán)肅的文體風(fēng)格。合同英語(yǔ)最具特色的古體詞形式當(dāng)數(shù)自由詞素where、here和there與in、by、with和after等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合副詞：(1)here +介詞：如，hereto，hereof，herein，hereinafter等。這里here相當(dāng)于this，指本文獻(xiàn)、合同或有關(guān)文件，因此，“hereto”（本合同）相當(dāng)于to this，依此類(lèi)推。(2)there +介詞：這類(lèi)詞由thereto，thereon，therein，thereof等。其中there相當(dāng)于that，指句子前面已出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組，因此，“thereto”（根據(jù)那一點(diǎn)）即為to that。

(3)where+介詞：whereby，wherein，whereof，whereupon中where相當(dāng)于which或者what，“whereof”（關(guān)于它）也就是of which。如，payment in respect thereof（關(guān)于此項(xiàng)的付款）。古體詞語(yǔ)的使用除了體現(xiàn)其莊重嚴(yán)肅以外，還可避免不必要的重復(fù)，使意義更加清楚、簡(jiǎn)明。例如：“依照本合同相關(guān)規(guī)定”在英文商務(wù)合同中幾乎見(jiàn)不到“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”這種表達(dá)方式，常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式是“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等。對(duì)“合同任何一方當(dāng)事人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本合同”，西方工商界一般會(huì)選擇使用“Neither party hereto may assign this contract.”，而較少使用“Neither party to the contract may assign this contract.”。

4.復(fù)雜介詞短語(yǔ)

商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)正式性還體現(xiàn)在傾向使用較復(fù)雜的介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替非正式語(yǔ)體中常見(jiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單介詞與連詞。例如，用with regard to和prior to分別代替about和before。又如：All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by way of amicable negotiation.在此句中，用“in connection with”就比用“of”要顯得更為正式。

二、準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

合同英語(yǔ)中各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義界限非常明確，體現(xiàn)了合同語(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性?！皊hall”在商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)中使用率最高，含有“本條款具有法律規(guī)定的指令性和強(qiáng)制性”之意，其含義相當(dāng)于“must”，但合同中不能使用“must”。如，“The seller shall present the following shipping documents to the bank for negotiation of L/ C”中的“shall”表明“賣(mài)方在向銀行議付信用證時(shí)，必須履行遞交所要求的裝運(yùn)單據(jù)這一法律義務(wù)，而且應(yīng)做到單據(jù)相符、單單相符，否則銀行即可拒付?！薄皐ill”則只表示對(duì)合同一方的某種建議或合同雙方之外第三方的行為的說(shuō)明，不構(gòu)成法律約束?！皊hould”意為“應(yīng)該”，帶有主觀(guān)意思，表示“這樣做最好”。若用于條件句中，則表示較低的可能性。“may”表示“可以”、“可能”。這兩個(gè)意思在日常用語(yǔ)中都可用“can”來(lái)表達(dá)，但是在合同中幾乎只用“may”而不用“can”，因?yàn)榍罢弑群笳哒Z(yǔ)氣更正式。例如：Unless otherwise agreed，delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions，that is to say，the seller must be ready and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer must be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods.譯為：除非另有協(xié)議，貨物的交付和價(jià)款的支付應(yīng)是同時(shí)履行的條件，換言之，賣(mài)方必須樂(lè)意讓出占有將貨物交至買(mǎi)方以交付價(jià)款；同時(shí)，買(mǎi)方須樂(lè)意支付價(jià)款以交換對(duì)貨物的占有。