第一篇：英語(yǔ)書(shū)信寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)：書(shū)信的種類(lèi)

—、書(shū)信寫(xiě)作要求

書(shū)信(Letter)一般可分為事務(wù)信件或公函(Business Letter or Offical Correspondence)以及私人信件(Private Letter)兩大類(lèi)。一般包括以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

1）收信人的姓名和地址；

2）寄信人的姓名及其與收信人的關(guān)系；

3）寄信人的地址（有時(shí)可以省略）；

4）寫(xiě)信的時(shí)間；

5）信的內(nèi)容。

二、書(shū)信的格式

1）信頭(Heading)；

2）稱(chēng)呼(Salutation)；

3）正文(Body of the letter)；

4）結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Complimentary close)；

5）簽名(signature)。

三、書(shū)信的種類(lèi)

1）邀請(qǐng)信

邀請(qǐng)信有正式和非正式之分，也有介于兩者之間者。正式邀請(qǐng)信一般屬于公函類(lèi)，私人邀請(qǐng)信一般屬于非正式文體。邀請(qǐng)朋友、熟人參加某一聚會(huì)時(shí)，再詞句上不一 定多加斟酌，用詞太正規(guī)倒顯得關(guān)系不密切。但是如果與被邀請(qǐng)人不太熟悉的話，最好用正式文體。如雖認(rèn)識(shí)但并不十分了解，文體可介于兩個(gè)者之間。由此可見(jiàn)，私人邀請(qǐng)究竟用什么文體，關(guān)鍵看與被邀請(qǐng)人之間的親疏的程度。邀請(qǐng)信要明確寫(xiě)出活動(dòng)（是晚會(huì)、晚餐還是一般的聚會(huì)等）、活動(dòng)的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)組織這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的理 由，有時(shí)還應(yīng)告訴對(duì)方可能出席的人，另外一般希望對(duì)方給予答復(fù)。

（1）非正式邀請(qǐng)信，如：Coventry St.London

Sept.15th, 1999.Dear Jack,I am going to the cinema to see the Red River Valley and I have two tickets.Would you like to come? The film starts at 7:30 p.m.Maybe we can meet at the Covent Garden Station at 7:00 p.m.and have a drink before the film starts.Please phone me at home to let me know.Looking forward to seeing you.Love

Mary

這封信是寫(xiě)給朋友的，所以用語(yǔ)比較隨便，比較口語(yǔ)化。

（2）正式邀請(qǐng)信，如：

Dear Ms.Gupta,It's our great pleasure to announce that Jan.19th is the 3rd anniversary of the founding of our corporation.We have a small party as follows: 7:00p.m.,Jan.19th, Room No.123, Kunlun Hotel.At this moment, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our clients for both courtesy and support over the past three years.Please confirm if you plant to attend.Yours Sincerely,Lewis

這是一封正式邀請(qǐng)信，十分正規(guī)，無(wú)論從句式，還是用語(yǔ)都十分講究。

（3）介于正式和非正式之間的邀請(qǐng)信，如：

No.4 Middle School

Beijing 100034

April 29th,2000

Dear Miss Katherine,I am very pleased to write to you.My name is Yu Hong and I am monitor of Class One, Grade Three of the No.2 Middle School of Ji'nan.Last year, you came here to give a speech, which was “Fast Reading”.My classmates and I all thank you very much.We will have an English evening at 7:00--9:00 on the evening of May 4th in our classroom.Would you please come and attend the evening party? At the party, we will sing English songs, play games and so on.And we are anxious to invite you to come to sing us an English song.After that we can enjoy the music.We hope to see you soon.Yours

Yu Hong

這封信是寫(xiě)給一位外籍教師的，這位外籍教師曾經(jīng)到過(guò)這所學(xué)校，雖然作者認(rèn)識(shí)，但并不十分了解。

2）感謝信

感謝信可分為感謝饋贈(zèng)、感謝款待、感謝幫助、感謝送行和感謝探病等。

感謝信一般包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

①對(duì)收信人的稱(chēng)謂；

②寫(xiě)信的目的；（Thank you for…）

③致謝并詳述所收到的禮物或得到的幫助等；

④結(jié)尾及謙稱(chēng)。

3）求職信

求職信屬于公務(wù)信函，格式和用詞比較規(guī)。信的內(nèi)容大體上分為三部分：

①寫(xiě)信的目的，②自我介紹，③要求。

注意下面幾點(diǎn)：

①寫(xiě)信的目的要直截了當(dāng)?shù)卦谛诺拈_(kāi)頭提出。

②自我介紹部分主要介紹自己的學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷、解決問(wèn)題的能力等等。在行文、用詞上要表現(xiàn)出自信、懇切的態(tài)度，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要，突出介紹自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與眾不同的特長(zhǎng)或有利條件。還要緊扣用人單位的需求，巧用詞語(yǔ)，有國(guó)地說(shuō)服對(duì)方，此職非你莫屬。

③最后提出進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系的途徑，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。還可以主動(dòng)提出接受面試或考核等。

④求職信在寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)上主要用第一人稱(chēng)以及動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

Ms Li Ling

P.O.Box 231

Beijing

July 10,1999

Dear sir(s),I have just read in the newspaper that a secretary of the English language in wanted in your company.I am therefore writing to you to introduce myself.I'd like to get the job.I am a girl college student of 22 years old.My name is Li Ling.I am studying in the language department.I can speak, read and write English very well.As a second language, I can read and speak a little French.I have some work experience as a typist in my spare time at school, and as a tourist guide during summer holidays.The bosses I worked for were all satisfied with my work.I am sure I'll satisfy you as well.You can get more information about my studies and work from the college.I am looking forward to visiting your office at any time for a talk or a test.Faithfully

Li Ling

4）回信

寫(xiě)回信時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意正確理解寫(xiě)信人的意圖、所提問(wèn)題、必須對(duì)寫(xiě)信人的問(wèn)題給予明確的答復(fù)。如下例： No.1 Middle School of Nanjing,Jiangsu, China

Jan.23rd, 2000

Dear Jack,Thanks for your letter.Yes, I have some difficulty in learning English.For example, I can't tell the difference between written English and spoken English.Sometimes I often make

mistakes while speaking to others.I want to improve my spoken English.But I don't know how.Would you please give me some advice? As you say, it is really difficult to write toe Chinese characters, but don't worry about it.Have you considered doing plenty of practice? And I suggest you write them as much as possible.I think it will be of great help.I'm looking forward to hearing from you again.Best wishes.Yours

Li Ling

原信中作者問(wèn)到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情況，同時(shí)征求學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的建議并談到自己在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中遇到的問(wèn)題?；匦胖凶髡邔?duì)來(lái)信中的問(wèn)題作了詳細(xì)的回答并給出了建設(shè)性的建議。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)書(shū)信寫(xiě)作格式及

格式：

1)寄件人地址姓名應(yīng)寫(xiě)在信封左上角。

2)收件人地址姓名應(yīng)寫(xiě)在信封右下角。

順序：門(mén)牌號(hào)，街號(hào)，街名，城市名；國(guó)名

Eg：

Room 432

Dormitory Building 3

Shanghai International Studies University

Hong Kong Strict，Shanghai 20070

China

室/房 Room

*** *** 村（鄉(xiāng)）

*** Village

*** 號(hào) No.*** *** 號(hào)宿舍 *** Dormitory

*** 樓/層 ***/F

*** 住宅區(qū)/小區(qū) *** Residential Quarter

*** 巷 / 弄 *** Lane

*** 單元 Unit ***

*** 號(hào)樓/幢 *** Building

*** 公司 用拼音拼寫(xiě)

*** 廠 *** Factory

*** 酒樓/酒店 *** Hotel

*** 路 *** Road

*** 花園 *** Garden

*** 街 *** Street

*** 縣 *** County

*** 鎮(zhèn) *** Town

*** 市 *** City

*** 區(qū) *** District

*** 信箱 Mailbox ***

*** 省 *** Prov.虹口區(qū)西康南路125弄34號(hào)201室

Room 201,No.34,Lane 125, XiKang Road(South),HongKou District

河南省南陽(yáng)市中州路42號(hào)

No.42，Zhongzhou Road，Nanyang City，Henan Prov.湖北省荊州市紅苑大酒店

Hongyuan Hotel, Jingzhou city, Hubei Prov.中山市東區(qū)亨達(dá)花園7棟702

Room 702, 7th Building, Hengda Garden, East District, Zhongshan

福建省廈門(mén)市蓮花五村龍昌里34號(hào)601室

Room 601, No.34 Long Chang Li, Xiamen , Fujian

山東省青島市開(kāi)平路53號(hào)國(guó)棉四廠二宿舍1號(hào)樓2單元204戶

NO.204, Building NO.1, The 2nd Dormitory of the NO.4 State-owned Textile Factory, 53 Kaiping Road , Qingdao , Shandong2、信內(nèi)地址

? 寫(xiě)在信紙的左上角，從信紙的左邊頂格開(kāi)始寫(xiě)，低于寫(xiě)信人地址和發(fā)信日期一二行，先寫(xiě)收信人姓名、頭銜和單位名稱(chēng)，然后寫(xiě)地址；收信人名前加尊稱(chēng)，Mr.Miss Mrs，頭銜Dr.prof。Sir，不知姓名，寫(xiě)職位或職稱(chēng)。

?Ms.Joanna Kerry

Peking University

Haidian District, 100871

Beijing

China

3.日期

?日期頂格寫(xiě)在左上角，在信內(nèi)地址的下方。

?1）.關(guān)于發(fā)信日期的寫(xiě)法，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

?① 年份應(yīng)完全寫(xiě)出，不能簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)。

?② 月份要用英文名稱(chēng)，不要用數(shù)字代替。

?③ 月份名稱(chēng)多用公認(rèn)的縮寫(xiě)式。但 May, June, July, 因?yàn)檩^短，不可縮寫(xiě)。

?④ 寫(xiě)日期時(shí)，可用基數(shù)詞1，2，3，4，5，……28，29，30，31等，也可用序數(shù)詞 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, …… 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基數(shù)詞，簡(jiǎn)單明了。

?2）.日期可有下列幾種寫(xiě)法：

?① Oct.20, 2004

?② 10 May., 2004

?③ 3rd June, 2004

?④ Sept.16th, 2004

?其中，①最為通用。

?Jan.?Feb.?Mar.?Apr.?May

?June

?July

?Aug.?Sep.?Oct.?Nov.?Dec.4、salutation 稱(chēng)呼

? 從信紙的左邊頂格開(kāi)始寫(xiě)，每個(gè)詞的開(kāi)頭字母要大寫(xiě)，至于末尾處的符號(hào)，英國(guó)人

用逗號(hào)，但美國(guó)和加拿大英語(yǔ)則多用冒號(hào)，但我們常用逗號(hào)。

? 先生（男人）Mr。Mr.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例

如對(duì)的稱(chēng)呼，應(yīng)該是：Mr.或 Mr.White, 不可是：Mr.Tom。

? 夫人（已婚）Mrs, 小姐（未婚）Miss,夫人、小姐統(tǒng)稱(chēng)Ms或Madam.? 夫婦倆人Mr.and Mrs.?頭銜或職稱(chēng)（不分性別）：教授Professor，博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)，總統(tǒng)或校長(zhǎng)

President，主席或董事長(zhǎng)Chairman，副主席或副董事長(zhǎng)Vice Chairman，首相Prime

Minister，總理Premier，省長(zhǎng)或州長(zhǎng)Governor 市長(zhǎng)Mayor參議員Senator 大使

Ambassador，秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)Secretary General，院長(zhǎng)Director,Dean，副院長(zhǎng)Vice Director，系主任Dean,Head,Chair，館長(zhǎng)Chief Librarian,Curator

? 稱(chēng)呼的具體方式視雙方的熟知程度而定。對(duì)有一定社會(huì)距離，不熟悉的人：Dear Sir;

Dear Madam;Dear President;Dear Mr.Smith

? 對(duì)相識(shí)的人：Dear Shirley;Dear Smith

? 對(duì)親近的人或家人：Dear Mom;Dear Dad;Dear Mary, 甚至沒(méi)有dear 也可以

5、正文(body)

? 即信件內(nèi)的主要內(nèi)容。正文第一句句子一般和稱(chēng)呼之間空一至二行或右縮進(jìn)約四五

個(gè)字母。

內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)單明了，一般不用同漢語(yǔ)信一樣的“你好（how are you?）”之類(lèi)的詞。一般要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，表明你寫(xiě)這封信的意圖。

6.謙語(yǔ)

? 即寫(xiě)信人表示自己對(duì)收信人的一種謙稱(chēng)，在信的右（或左）下角，寫(xiě)上表示自己對(duì)

收 信人一種禮貌客氣的謙稱(chēng)。

? 和正文隔開(kāi)1-2行書(shū)寫(xiě)

? 位置中偏右

? 后加逗號(hào)

? 禮貌尊重程度依社會(huì)距離而定：

? 正式的、尊稱(chēng)：Faithfully yours, Respectfully yours, Sincerely yours, Truly yours，Yours

truly。

? 一般情況可用：Yours

? 熟悉或親近的人可直接用自己的名字 如Mary, Jane7、簽名(signature)，? 即親筆簽上寫(xiě)信人自己的姓名。

有時(shí)，需要在署名的下一、二行位置寫(xiě)上寫(xiě)信人的職位或頭銜。（若考試時(shí)，題目要求里已明確給出，則需寫(xiě)出。）

8、其他—標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

? 稱(chēng)呼后面一定要有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，一般用逗號(hào)，或冒號(hào)

? 結(jié)尾客套話后面，一定要有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，只能是逗號(hào)

? 署名后面，一定不能有標(biāo)點(diǎn)

? 月份縮寫(xiě)后面用點(diǎn)號(hào)

? 日子后接年份時(shí)，日子后要使用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)

9.結(jié)構(gòu)

? 英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的款式一般有兩種：齊頭式(Block Style)和折衷式(Semi-Block Style)。齊

頭式常常在商貿(mào)、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用，以顯示信件內(nèi)容的嚴(yán)肅性，真

實(shí)性，可靠性。而折衷式則顯的比較隨便，主要用于家人、朋友、私人之間來(lái)往的信件。如果兩人之間不是第一次通信，相互比較了解，可以省略信內(nèi)的雙方地址。

? 用齊頭式信件寫(xiě)信，其正文與稱(chēng)呼之間空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空 格，但段與段之間需要空一至二行。齊頭式信件的信尾客套話和簽名可以有兩種款式。

第一種寫(xiě)在左下方，這是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以寫(xiě)在右下方，這種形式

則表示寫(xiě)信人與收信人之間的關(guān)系比較熟悉隨便。

參考范文

1、Nov.30, 2008

Dear Jane,I heard you want to subscribe to an English–language newspaper.Here I’d like to

recommend one to you.Personally, I suggest 21st Century as my favorite, which is

designed especially for college students to study English.The topics discussed are

close to college life and could arouse our attention.Besides, the new words

and expressions are marked, which makes it easier for us to memorize and take

notes.I’ve benefited a lot from reading this newspaper and I believe it can also

help you improve your English.Sincerely yours,Mary2、Nov.30, 2008

Dear Jane,I heard you want to subscribe to an English–language newspaper.Here I’d like to

recommend one to you.Personally, I suggest 21st Century as my favorite, which is

designed especially for college students to study English.The topics discussed are

close to college life and could arouse our attention.Besides, the new words

and expressions are marked, which makes it easier for us to memorize and take

notes.I’ve benefited a lot from reading this newspaper and I believe it can also

help you improve your English.Sincerely yours,Mary

第三篇：英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式及寫(xiě)作

英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式是怎樣的呢？要怎么寫(xiě)？以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式及寫(xiě)作范文，華語(yǔ)電影。

【英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式】

右上角寫(xiě)日期

-開(kāi)頭“Dear”, “To”, “To whom it concerns” = 一般給政府/比你級(jí)別高得寫(xiě)“等等 寫(xiě)完名字點(diǎn)逗號(hào)

-另起一行[object Object] 空兩個(gè)格 寫(xiě)正文

-落款 = ”sincerely yours“ = 給級(jí)別高的，很正式的；”yours truly“ = 朋友； ”love" = 親人 等等 別忘了點(diǎn)逗號(hào)

-偏右下角 簽名 如果寫(xiě)的是正式文的話 在簽名下面 寫(xiě)上print體形式你的名字

例：

May 8, 2006

To whom it concerns,----------------.Sincerely yours,(簽名)

(如果正式的話 在這兒署名 例：Cindy Johnson)

信封的寫(xiě)法

(1)收信人地址：英美人多用長(zhǎng)信封，收信人姓名、地址寫(xiě)在正面右下1／4處如：

Mr．Henry．SimpsonHillside Lane

Clinton．Ohio 020567

第一行寫(xiě)姓名;

第二行寫(xiě)門(mén)牌號(hào)、街名;

第三行寫(xiě)城市、州、郵區(qū)號(hào)碼，(國(guó)名)。

2）若信封為方形,收信人姓名地址可寫(xiě)在中間,各行可在左邊起頭寫(xiě),也可以在下一行向右移一個(gè)字母.例如:

Mr．Henry S．SimpsonHillside Lane

寄信人不自稱(chēng)Mr.、Mrs.或Miss，但是在收信人的姓名前則必須加上尊稱(chēng)Mr.、Mrs.或Miss以示禮貌。

住址的寫(xiě)法與中文相反；英文住址原則上是由小至大，如必須先寫(xiě)門(mén)牌號(hào)碼、街路名稱(chēng)，再寫(xiě)城市、?。ㄖ荩┖袜]政區(qū)號(hào)，最后一行則寫(xiě)上國(guó)家的名稱(chēng)。

在信封的右上角貼上郵票。

信封上的郵政區(qū)號(hào)(zip code)，在美國(guó)州名之后以五位數(shù)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示，前三位數(shù)代表州或都市，后兩位數(shù)表示郵區(qū)，至于郵政區(qū)號(hào)10027的念法是one double o two seven。

住址中常用字：有簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的多用簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)： 樓 F(e.g.2F)巷 Lane(e.g.Lane 194)段 Section；Sec.(e.g.Sec.Ⅱ)弄 Alley(e.g.Alley 6)路 Road；Rd.(e.g.Chunghua Rd.)街 Street；St.(e.g.Yangkwang St.)Clinton，Ohio 020567

中國(guó)人的姓名、地名一律用漢語(yǔ)拼音，姓和名分開(kāi)寫(xiě)，姓和名開(kāi)頭一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě),名是兩個(gè)字以上的拼寫(xiě)為一詞，只有頭一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)，地名也如此。

(2)回郵地址：私人信件回郵地址可寫(xiě)在信封正面左上角，也可寫(xiě)在信封背面正中。業(yè)務(wù)信件，一般在正面左上角或上面都印有回郵地址。

(3)信封正面左下角可寫(xiě)Personal，Please Forward，Registered，Express，Airmail，General Delivery等。

發(fā)信人的地址應(yīng)寫(xiě)在信封的左上角，收信人的地址應(yīng)寫(xiě)在信封偏中右偏下處。左上角寫(xiě)寄件人信封中間部分寫(xiě)收件人。

【英語(yǔ)書(shū)信寫(xiě)作范文】

第一種、介紹信 Letters of Introduction

實(shí)例之一：

Dear Mr./ Ms.,This is to introduce Mr.Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business.We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr.Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate.Yours faithfully,xxx

實(shí)例之二：

Dear Mr./ Ms,We are pleased to introduce Mr.Wang You, our import manager of Textiles Department.Mr.Wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season.We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.Yours faithfully

第二種、約定 Appointments

實(shí)例之一：

Dear Mr./Ms,Mr.John Green, our General Manager, will be in Paris from June 2 to 7 and would like to come and see you, say, on June 3 at 2.00 p.m.about the opening of a sample room there.Please let us know if the time is convenient for you.If not, what time you would suggest.Yours faithfully,實(shí)例之二：

Dear Mr/Ms,I represent the W/P Electronics Company in Dallas, and will be in Kunming from next Monday to Friday,(October 5-9).I should like to call on you to discuss our new monitor.Would 0930 hours on Tuesday, October 6 be convenient?

I shall be in Beijing, at the Great Wall Hotel, from Tuesday, September 29, until Sunday, October 4, where a message will reach me.If the day is not convenient, will you please suggest another.Yours faithfully

實(shí)例之三：

Dear Mr./ Ms,I am at present in Hamburg visiting the harbour with a view to making known our new type of container for use in Europe.I shall be in Antwerp on Wednesday, 4th June, and should like to call on you at 2.00 p.m.on that day.If I do not hear from you to the contrary, I shall assume that it will be convenient for me to call at that time.Yours faithfully

第四篇：書(shū)信寫(xiě)作英文書(shū)信的種類(lèi)專(zhuān)題

書(shū)信寫(xiě)作英文書(shū)信的種類(lèi)

?事務(wù)信函(Business Letter)

?私人信件(Private Letter)

書(shū)信寫(xiě)作原則

?書(shū)信格式是首要，稱(chēng)呼署名需地道；

?開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)意圖，咨詢建議列幾條；

?內(nèi)容不同兩段表，感謝客氣不能少；

?期待回音是老套，語(yǔ)氣得當(dāng)信就好。

英文書(shū)信的格式

?縮進(jìn)式(Indented Version)

?齊頭式(Block Version)

稱(chēng)呼---the salutation

?給不認(rèn)識(shí)的人寫(xiě)信：

?Dear Sir / Madam,?給重要的人寫(xiě)信：

?Dear Mr.President John Smith

?Dear Mrs.Johns,?Dear Professor Middlebrook,?Mr.Mrs.Miss后面只用姓氏或全名，不能只寫(xiě)名字。?給重要的人寫(xiě)信：

?PresidentPres.?ProfessorProf.?Doctor Dr.?給熟人寫(xiě)信：

?Dear MichaelDear Joanna

結(jié)束語(yǔ)---the complimentary close

?寫(xiě)給不認(rèn)識(shí)的人：

?Yours faithfully,?Yours truly,?Yours very truly

?寫(xiě)給重要的人：

?Yours respectfully,?Very respectfully yours,?寫(xiě)給熟人：

?Yours sincerely,?Yours very sincerely,?Yours cordially,?寫(xiě)給親朋好友：

?Yours,?Yours ever,?With love from,?Yours loving son,?過(guò)時(shí)的結(jié)束語(yǔ)不要用：

?Yours obedient servant,(您恭順的仆人)

?Your humble servant,(您卑賤的仆人)

英文書(shū)信的起首語(yǔ)

?我很高興收到你五月四日的來(lái)信……

?I was glad to receive your letter of May 4 … ?我很高興地聽(tīng)說(shuō)……?With great delight, I learn that ……

?我很愉快地告訴你……?I have the pleasure to tell you that …… ?剛剛收到你的來(lái)信。

?I have received your kind letter.?星期六的來(lái)信，今早收到了。

?Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning.?久未通信，懸念之至。

?As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious.1

?我希望盡快收到你的來(lái)信。

? I hope to hear from you soon.?盼望下次再見(jiàn)。

?I look forward to our next meeting.?如蒙即復(fù)，不勝感激。

?Your kind early reply will be appreciated.?可否即予復(fù)示？

? Won’t you let us hear from you promptly?

?入需其他詳情，當(dāng)欣然奉告。

?Any other particulars required I shall be pleased to give you.?承蒙厚助，有衷感謝。

?The help you send is sincerely valued.書(shū)信的語(yǔ)言原則

?應(yīng)試書(shū)信主要有兩種語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格：

?正式文體(formal style)

?半正式文體(semi-formal style)

?應(yīng)試書(shū)信一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)非正式文體

書(shū)信首段寫(xiě)法

?首段寫(xiě)法分兩種：

?一是首先表明寫(xiě)信人與收信人的相關(guān)性，然后再說(shuō)寫(xiě)作意圖。

?例如：你租用了一家機(jī)構(gòu)的房屋，但是暖氣系統(tǒng)出了毛病。你給這家機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)信。

Dear Sir/Madam,I am at present living in a house which I rented through your agency.I am sorry to inform you that the heating system in the house stopped working five days ago.This is very inconvenient---not to mention dangerous to the health---as the weather is starting to get colder.?第二種寫(xiě)法是首先說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作意圖，緊接著表明相關(guān)性。

?例如：你在機(jī)場(chǎng)的免稅商店買(mǎi)了Walkman?；貋?lái)以后，你發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)器有問(wèn)題。你寫(xiě)封信給商店。Dear Sir/Madam,I wish to complain about a Walkman which I bough three days ago in the Duty Free section of your airport.As is my habit, I made a point of trying it out on the spot.It worked perfectly well, and so I went ahead and purchased it.?第三種寫(xiě)法是只在信件開(kāi)頭表明寫(xiě)作意圖。其他的放到主體段落寫(xiě)。

?例如：你出事了，住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。給你的學(xué)校寫(xiě)信說(shuō)明你要請(qǐng)假的原因。

Dear Prof.Johnson,I am writing to explain my absence

from classes since April 18, 2004.投訴信

?內(nèi)容架構(gòu)

?表達(dá)不滿

?及說(shuō)明不滿，又有禮有節(jié)

?提出解決方案

?若提綱中包含，就一定要寫(xiě)

?若提綱中沒(méi)有，就自己編

?寫(xiě)作策略：

??表明相關(guān)性和意圖

?禮貌原則

?不要責(zé)罵收信人

?

?主體段落：

?投訴原因，展開(kāi)說(shuō)明

?現(xiàn)象結(jié)果相結(jié)合?

?提出解決方案

?再次表示感謝

?投訴信開(kāi)頭套話：

?I am writing to complain about / that …

?I am writing to express my concern / dissatisfaction / disappointment about …

?I feel so sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about … ?I am writing to inform you that I find … unsatisfactory.?I wish to draw your attention to the problem / fault that I bought …

?投訴信結(jié)尾套話：

?I trust you will take my complaint seriously and …

?I will appreciate it very much if you could …

?I would be perfectly satisfied if you can kindly …

?I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.?范文：抱怨房間，要求換到單人宿舍。

Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term.I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.For another, he sometimes borrows my stuff without asking me.In these situations, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely,Janice Kennedy

請(qǐng)求信

?內(nèi)容架構(gòu)

?表明請(qǐng)求

?說(shuō)明原因

?表達(dá)感謝

?寫(xiě)作策略：

?首段：

?說(shuō)明意圖，表達(dá)請(qǐng)求

?語(yǔ)言要求：禮貌和規(guī)范。

?主體段落：

?說(shuō)明原因，具體展開(kāi)

?要求：合乎情理。

?寫(xiě)作策略：

?結(jié)尾段：

?盼望回復(fù)

?再次感謝，常用套句：“I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this letter.”?請(qǐng)求信開(kāi)頭套話：

?I am writing to formally request to …

?I would like to ask for your permission with this letter so as to allow me to …

?I am writing to seek for your assistance in …

?Would you be kind enough to … ？

?請(qǐng)求信結(jié)尾套話：

?I am looking forward to hearing from you.?I do appreciate the favorable consideration you have shown to me.?I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.詢問(wèn)信

?尋求所需信息

?寫(xiě)作策略：

?首段：

?先寫(xiě)相關(guān)性，再說(shuō)寫(xiě)作意圖

?不要“問(wèn)道于盲”。

?主體段落： 詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題。如果某個(gè)問(wèn)題較為重要，應(yīng)該單獨(dú)占一段。?結(jié)尾段：

?急切心情，?提供聯(lián)系方式，并表示感謝。

?詢問(wèn)信開(kāi)頭套話：

?I am writing for information about …

?I would be most grateful if you could send me information concerning …

?I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding …??Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.?Thank you for your consideration.?I look forward to your immediate response.尋找失物信

?要收信人幫助尋找失物并將其返還失主。?寫(xiě)作策略：

?首段：

?表明相關(guān)信，說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作意圖。

?表示歉意。

?主體段落：

?失物的具體內(nèi)容及重要性。

?結(jié)尾段：

?如何將其返還失主

?并對(duì)收信人表達(dá)謝意。

??I am sorry to disturb you, but I have to …

?I am writing this letter to report the loss of my … when I …

?I am writing this letter to request your assistance in finding my … which I have lost during the stay in your hotel.?I am writing this letter to see if it is possible for me to have my camera back.?尋找失物信結(jié)尾套話：

?I would really appreciate it if you could …

?I would be grateful if you could …

?I also suggest that the lost bag be sent to … if possible.感謝信

?感謝信與投訴信剛好相反，只要把投訴的內(nèi)容改為感謝的內(nèi)容就可以了。

?感謝信開(kāi)頭套話：

?I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for …

?I am writing to show my sincere appreciation for …

?I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for …

?I feel deeply indebted to you and I really don’t know how to thank you enough for your help.??I am most grateful for your selfless donation.?My true gratitude is beyond the word’s description.?I feel most obliged to thank you once more.?Please accept my gratitude, now and always.縮進(jìn)式(Indented version)

Dear ______,___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_________________________________.___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_________________________________.____________________________________.Yours,Kevin

齊頭式(Block Version)

Dear ______,_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _________________________________._____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _________________________________.____________________________________.Yours,Kevin

第五篇：書(shū)信的種類(lèi)

? 書(shū)信的種類(lèi)

A.邀請(qǐng)信 B.感謝信

C.求職信（包括申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金）F.祝賀信 D.抱怨信(投訴信)E.道歉信 ?

格式：

（1）日期

（2）稱(chēng)謂（3）正文第一段： 表明寫(xiě)信意圖。

（4）正文第二段：解釋原因或說(shuō)明情況

（5）正文第二段：重申寫(xiě)信意圖（6）署名

? 答題步驟

（一）確定體裁和題材

? 答題步驟

（二）確定主題句

通過(guò)審題確定體裁和主題后，就要確定主題句。寫(xiě)主題句最保險(xiǎn)的方法就是把中文提綱的各句譯成英語(yǔ)。（直譯保守，意譯最佳）

? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（1）Listing

列舉法是指列舉具體的事實(shí)或要點(diǎn)來(lái)逐步說(shuō)明和論證主題思想、展開(kāi)段落的方法。采用列舉法的時(shí)候，需要注意兩點(diǎn)。是要點(diǎn)的羅列要遵循一定的順序

要使用合適的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)。

? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（2）Example

舉例法也是一種常用而且有效的展開(kāi)段落的方法。它是通過(guò)生動(dòng)、典型的實(shí)例對(duì)比較復(fù)雜或者抽象的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述的方法。寫(xiě)作時(shí)提供的例子必須認(rèn)真選擇，保證例子能夠恰如其分，能夠準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。

舉例法常用的一些表達(dá)方式包括 for example, for instance, such as, a case in point, to illustrate, in illustration of, by way of examples, I can’t find a better example than…等。舉例法其實(shí)是一種 “細(xì)節(jié)描述法” 原文：He dances very well.改后：His gift for dancing in a style that no one has even imagined, known as the

“moonwalk” made him an instant superstar.? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（3）C & C

段落的主題要指出兩件以上事物的相同或相異之處時(shí)，便可采用比較或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒??！氨容^ Comparison”用于描述所比對(duì)象的相似之處，而“對(duì)比 Contrast”則用于描述所比對(duì)象不同之處。

比較和對(duì)比一般采用兩種方法來(lái)組織： 逐點(diǎn)比較：逐個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行雙方面的比較

整體對(duì)照：先敘述一方的全部細(xì)節(jié)，再敘述另一方的全部細(xì)節(jié)

比較和對(duì)比法常用過(guò)渡詞：like, likewise, unlike, similarly, in the same way, on the other hand, compared with, by comparison, in contrast to, on the contrary, but, yet, instead, while, whereas, however, nevertheless 等。

? Comparison & Contrast: Useful Expressions

Similarities

is similar to Both Also Too as well Differences

on the other hand however

On the other hand, winter is much colder in A.However, winter is much colder in A.A has a mild winter, but / while B has a cold one.In contrast to A, B has a cold winter.A differs from B by having a cold winter.Spring weather in A is similar

to spring weather in B Both A and B have rain in the spring.A also has a rainy spring season.A has a rainy spring season, too.As well, A has rainy spring season.but / while

in contrast to differs from

? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（4）C & E

因果關(guān)系法（Cause and Effect）是指根據(jù)事態(tài)發(fā)展的因果關(guān)系來(lái)展開(kāi)段落的一種寫(xiě)作方法，這種方法常用在說(shuō)明文和議論文中。

寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，可以從原因入手推導(dǎo)出結(jié)果，也可以從結(jié)果入手推導(dǎo)出原因。因果關(guān)系又是比較復(fù)雜，一種事物或現(xiàn)象的起因往往是多方面的，而某種原因也可能會(huì)引起多種后果，還有可能多種原因?qū)е铝硕喾N后果。一果多因：先寫(xiě)出結(jié)果然后分析原因 一因多果：先分析原因然后說(shuō)明后果 ? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（5）Classification

劃分和分類(lèi)法（Classification）就是把要闡述的內(nèi)容按其屬性的不同分門(mén)別類(lèi)、分層次地表達(dá)清楚。使用這種方法可使文章層次分明，表達(dá)清楚，邏輯性強(qiáng)。

劃分指把一個(gè)整體分成若干部分，逐個(gè)闡述。比如，蘋(píng)果包括果皮、果肉、果核等組成部分。

分類(lèi)是指按一定的原則和特點(diǎn)把若干個(gè)體納為一類(lèi)，使具有相同特征的事物歸入同一類(lèi)別。例如，繪畫(huà)可以分為水彩畫(huà)、油畫(huà)、中國(guó)畫(huà)、版畫(huà)等等類(lèi)別。進(jìn)行劃分和分類(lèi)時(shí)，特別需要注意的是要有明確而統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Classification = Example + C&C

分類(lèi)法實(shí)際是舉例法和對(duì)比法兩者結(jié)合在一起的一種方法。為了描寫(xiě)上的方便，我們常常對(duì)主題句中提出的某些觀點(diǎn)、事物舉例加以說(shuō)明。當(dāng)所舉的例子比較多時(shí)，我們常常將它們進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，并進(jìn)行比較。

When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there.Besides old people, who are the usual early risers to do Taijiquan boxing, a lot of youngsters were also there, running, jumping or talking.In the east of the park, I even saw an old lady showing some school children and workers how to do sword-play.這段文章把作者早上散步時(shí)所看到的人分為三類(lèi)：老人、青年人和一位老太太。這樣描寫(xiě)既突出了各類(lèi)人的特點(diǎn)，又寫(xiě)出了他們的共性——清晨鍛煉身體。這是典型的分類(lèi)法。? Classification: Useful Expressions is a kind of Coal is a kind of non-renewable resource.can be divided into Energy resources can be divided into two types.is a type of falls under belongs to is a part of fits into

Coal is a type of non-renewable resource.Coal falls under the category of non-renewable resources.Coal belongs to the category of non-renewable resources.Coal is a part of the category of non-renewable resources.Coal fits into the category of non-renewable resources.Coal is grouped with non-renewable resources.is grouped with is related to Coal is related to other non-renewable resources.Coal is associated with other non-renewable resources.is associated with

? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（6）Definition

定義法是通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單易懂而且準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言闡明某事物的性質(zhì)和特征來(lái)發(fā)展段落，使讀者對(duì)某事物比較抽象的或是難以把握的一些特征有一個(gè)較清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。定義法常用于說(shuō)明、描寫(xiě)和論證，以提供更多的具體解釋來(lái)說(shuō)明某一概念或術(shù)語(yǔ)。通常有三種方法對(duì)一個(gè)詞、一條術(shù)語(yǔ)或諺語(yǔ)、一個(gè)概念下定義：給出同義詞、用一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、用一整段文章，而以第三種方法最為常用。? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句（7）T（P）&S ? 時(shí)間法（Time）

在記敘文敘述一個(gè)故事或者一系列事件時(shí)，通常按事件發(fā)生的先后順序排列句子。

在說(shuō)明文中敘述一件事應(yīng)該遵循的程序或步驟時(shí)（Process)，也常用時(shí)間順序法。

? 空間法（Space）

在描寫(xiě)文中描述一個(gè)地方、事情或人物外貌時(shí)，常按空間順序（自左至右，由近到遠(yuǎn)，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中間到兩邊等順序）來(lái)展開(kāi)段落。

? 答題步驟

（三）擴(kuò)展主題句

小結(jié) Developing by Listing Developing by Example Developing by Comparison and Contrast Developing by Cause and Effect Developing by Classification Developing by Definition Developing by Time and Space Developing by Process ? 答題步驟

（四）檢查 1.題目

2.句子首字母要大寫(xiě) 3.標(biāo)點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 4.單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤

5.比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤 6.不一致 7.詞性誤用

8.結(jié)尾用問(wèn)句，或空喊口號(hào)

? 如何開(kāi)頭

（一）：對(duì)立法

先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 適用于有爭(zhēng)議性的主題。When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that.......But I think/view a bit differently.When it comes to...., some people believe that.......Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but(I tend to the previous/latter)

Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that....They claim/ believe/argue that...But I wonder/doubt whether......? 如何開(kāi)頭

（二）：現(xiàn)象法

引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問(wèn)題, 然后評(píng)論

Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of)...has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus.(has been brought to public attention)

Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.? 如何開(kāi)頭

（三）：引用法

先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來(lái)引出文章要展開(kāi)論述的觀點(diǎn)!

“Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This

remark has been shared by more and more people.“Education is not complete with graduation.” Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher.Now more and more people share his opinion.How often we hear such statements/words like these /this “.........”

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “......”.?

如何開(kāi)頭

（四）：比較法

通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在兩種不同的傾向、觀點(diǎn)的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點(diǎn).For years,...had been viewed as...But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing..., people........People used to think that...(In the past,....)But people now share this new.?

如何結(jié)尾

（一）結(jié)論型

通過(guò)對(duì)文章前面內(nèi)容的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點(diǎn).From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....In summary/In a word , it is more valuable.......重申

---變換表達(dá)方式 ?

如何結(jié)尾

（二）后果型

揭示所討論的問(wèn)題若不解決, 將產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果.We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that..will be put in danger.?

如何結(jié)尾

（三）建議型

對(duì)所討論的問(wèn)題提出建議性的意見(jiàn), 包括建議和具體的解決問(wèn)題的方法.While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most popular is....Another method is...Still another one is.....Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.?

如何結(jié)尾

（四）方向型

其與建議性的唯一差別就是對(duì)問(wèn)題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in a wide way.There is no quick method to the issue of.., but..might be helpful/beneficial.The great challenge today is......There is much difficulty , but........?

如何結(jié)尾

（五）意義型

文章結(jié)尾的時(shí)候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問(wèn)題的重要性以及其深遠(yuǎn)的意義!Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit but also benefit.....In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly …… ? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（1）主題句原則

一定要寫(xiě)一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開(kāi)頭（保險(xiǎn)型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會(huì)平安無(wú)事！

特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（2）長(zhǎng)短句原則

寫(xiě)一個(gè)短小精辟的句子有時(shí)可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.強(qiáng)烈建議： 長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合、錯(cuò)落有致

在文章第一段（開(kāi)頭）用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短。

2）在文章主體部分，可先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾

個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式。文章結(jié)尾一般一長(zhǎng)一短。

? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（3）多變句式原則

1）簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)雜句交替使用。

? 簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，個(gè)個(gè)成分都是單詞或短語(yǔ)的句子。? 并列句包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，分句由并列連詞來(lái)連接

? 復(fù)合句的某個(gè)成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等，由

另一個(gè)句子承當(dāng)

? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（3）多變句式原則

2）插入語(yǔ)使句子有層次感

? Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.3）排比句使句子朗朗上口

? Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.? We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（4）連接詞原則

改卷老師一般通過(guò)一些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”（連接詞）來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。

? 1)first, second, third, last = firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，俗)? 2)most important of all, moreover, finally

(一般)

(一般)? 3)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly ? 4)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally ? 5)to start with, next, in addition, finally

(強(qiáng)烈推薦)

(強(qiáng)烈推薦)

(強(qiáng)烈推薦)? 6)first and foremost, besides, last but not least ? 7)on the one hand, on the other hand ? 8)for one thing, for another thing

(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)

(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（5）多下少上原則

一定要多用具體的下義詞，少用空洞的上義詞。

? 我們說(shuō)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)說(shuō)nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital之類(lèi)的形象詞。?

positive, favorable, rosy（美

好的)，promising（有

希

望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good。

? dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替換 bad，但如果bad做表語(yǔ)，可以有be less impressive替換

? affair ,business ,matter 替換thing ? beneficial, rewarding替換helpful

? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（6）短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則

寫(xiě)作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)好處：

1）用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語(yǔ)，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語(yǔ)，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。

2）關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)辦法！

? I cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.? be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 替代 indicate, suggest ,fear ? bear in mind that 替換remember ? 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的七原則（7）挑戰(zhàn)極限原則

在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)獨(dú)立主格很簡(jiǎn)單，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主句的主語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成完整句子時(shí)的主語(yǔ)一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。

? The weather(being)fine, a large number of people went to climb the Qinling Mountains.? Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.? 四級(jí)作文總結(jié) ? 宏觀：審題

1）幾段 2）字?jǐn)?shù)比例 3）每一段幾層 4）每一層要點(diǎn) ? 中層：句型、邏輯 1）主題句必須攻克（三段）2）學(xué)會(huì)拓展 ? 微觀：詞匯、銜接