第一篇：高中英語教學論文 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

一、意義的不同

同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來。如：

We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內容就是that he will come，故that引導的是同位語從句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)

二、引導詞的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引導名詞性從句，但不引導定語從句。

三、引導詞的功能上的不同

that引導同位語從句時，它不充當句子成分，而引導定語從句時，它作為關系代詞，要么充當定語從句的主語，要么充當定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當told的賓語。

四、被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where 引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導同位語從句時則不一定。如：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他們什么時候來。(同位語從句)

I'll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)

We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個問題，為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語從句)

The reason why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來開會，原因是他生病了。(定語從句)

用心

愛心

專心 1

第二篇：定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

一、從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意義的名詞。而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我們正在調查的是他是否值得信賴的問題。（同位語從句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.據說他已經出國了。（同位語從句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面。（定語從句，名詞the doctor作先行詞）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定語從句，which代表前面提到的整個句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡最大努力幫他學習。（定語從句，代詞all作先行詞）

二、從性質上區(qū)別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句，補充說明news的內容。）

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。

(定語從句，that 從句作定語修飾news

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。(同位語從句，補充說明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾。(定語從句，that從句作定語修飾promise

三、從引導詞及其在句子中的成份上區(qū)別有些引導詞如how, whether, what可以引導同位語從句，但不能引導定語從句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。同位語從句）

引導詞that引導定語從句時，在從句中一般作主語或賓語（指物時還可以用which代替），并且作賓語時常常省略。

That在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which來代替。

The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups

was received yesterday.我們應派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組的命令昨天已收到了。

同位語從句，是對order的具體解釋，(that雖不作成份，但不能省略）

The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。定語從句，是名詞order的修飾語，that在從句中作received的賓語，可以省略）

定語從句與強調句型的區(qū)別

強調句型的句式結構為：“It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who從句”。在強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在強調主語和賓語時，如果主語和賓語指代人，則可用who和whom來代替that, 但是從句中的人稱和數(shù)要

與被強調的主語和賓語保持一致。這些都容易與定語從句混淆。

定語從句和強調句型的判斷方法：若將句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，結構完整，說明原句是強調句型；若句子結構不完整，則說明原句為定語從句。定語從句中的主謂一致

1、當關系代詞作從句的主語時，那么從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持一致。

e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs

of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名詞后面的定語從句謂語用復數(shù)； the(only)one +名詞后面的定語從句謂語用單數(shù)。

e.g.Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.3、主語是I，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語be動詞用am.e.g.I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free

第三篇：高中語法定語從句與同位語從句（推薦）

同位語從句

1.概念：在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句。

2.什么是同位語？

同位語：一個名詞（或其他形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其他形式）就是同位語。

3.同位語舉例

（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”

（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)分。

（1）定語從句的引導詞在從句中充當一定的成分，可作主語、賓語、狀語等；而同位語從句中的引導詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes

The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語或狀語時，可以省略或被其他詞代替；而同位語從句的引導詞一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true

The news that she will go abroad is true

（3）由when, why, where引導的定語從句分別修飾或說明表示時間、原因或地點的詞，但 它們引導的同位語從句一般不和表示時間或地點的詞同位

如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.

第四篇：定語從句與同位語從句(全)

教案7.21

定語從句詳細講解

一、定義及相關術語

1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有when, where, why等。關系詞通常有下列三個作用： A.引導定語從句；B.代替先行詞；C.在定語從句中擔當一個成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。

二、關系代詞引導的定語從句 1．who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2．whom 指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經來了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。注意：關系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴ootball is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運動。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡外國作家寫的書。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼筆。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。4．that 指人時，相當于who 或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封來自澳 大利亞的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜訪了一個全國知名的科 學家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個爸爸當醫(yī)生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經就讀過的學校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽那位我們經常談論的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。１.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(誤)這是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（誤）那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。２．若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who, that；關系 代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(誤)你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(誤)我們去加拿大所乘坐的飛機實在很舒服。３．“介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞。（將先行詞帶入試試，可以看出介詞是否有問題）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地愛著他的父 母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.籃子里有好些 蘋果，有些已經壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我們班總 共有40個學生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中３部是關于農村生活的。

四、關系副詞引導的定語從句 1． when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團聚的時刻終于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你還記得在農村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？ 2． where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已經被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我參觀了那個飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農場。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當初打敵人的地方嗎？ 3． why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請告訴我你誤機的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自從他在農村讀小學時，他就已經知道長大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

句型 意義 翻譯 非限制性定語從句 只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。通常譯成主句的并列句 限制性定語從句 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的” 逗號 that 限制性定語從句舉例： 有 不可用 無 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老師告訴我說 湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。非限制性定語從句舉例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很 嚴格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中國是1949年 成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來越強大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。

（一）只能用that引導定語從句的情況

1．當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.對他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能為你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有責任感的人都不會做這樣的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有應邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。2．當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。3．當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。4．當先行詞被the very（恰恰）, the only（唯一）, the sane（同樣）, the last（最后）等詞修飾時。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里發(fā)生了火災過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王華是我校唯一出席會議的人。5．當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個人是誰？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他們談論著他們所能記起的在校時的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的毛驢。7.當先行詞是way，manner，measure等表示方法的詞和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的詞時，關系代詞常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也?？墒÷?。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我們援助他們的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

（二）只能使用關系詞which不使用that的情況

1.在非限制性定語從句中只能使用關系詞which,不能使用關系詞that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，這使得它很輕。2.在“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能使用關系詞which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.這就是毛主席曾經住過的地方。（該句中的in which=where）

3、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我來給你看我從新開的圖書館里借來的那本小說。注：that引導的從句修飾先行詞the novel，which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the library。

4、當關系代詞后面有插入語時。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.這就是我跟你說過的會有助于提高你英語的那本英語語法書。注：句中倆逗號夾的那一部分就是插入語，為了不影響對句子結構的理解，看到插入語類似這種的成分可以先劃掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行詞為that時。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.鐘是報時的裝置。注：該句也可以換成名詞性從句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句

as 和which 引導非限制性定語從句時，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她結婚了，這是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很誠實，這一點我們看得出來。

2、as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國是發(fā)展中國家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點我們從他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，約翰是個著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點我不相信。注意：當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。3.當先行詞受such, the same 修飾時，關系詞常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當先行詞受the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that引導定語從句，但與as引導的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

（四）關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇

用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句主要看關系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔當?shù)某煞郑?。試比較： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠忘不了我們一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.這就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。

（五）but有時也用作關系詞引導定語從句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位語從句詳細講解

一、定義及相關術語

同位語：一個名詞或代詞后面有時跟一個名詞或起名詞作用的成分，對前者進一步說明。同位語從句一般用來解釋或說明前面名詞的具體含義或內容，在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關系。同位語從句的引導詞有：關系代詞（that,，whether，what，which，who），關系副詞（when，where，why，how），通常由that引導。常用于同位語從句的名詞有：advice（建議），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答應），request（要求），suggestion（建議），wish（希望），word(話),agreement（一致意見），assumption（假定），awareness（意識），belief（信仰），conclusion（結論），conviction（深信），decision（決定），delusion（錯覺），determination（決心），discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)），doubt（懷疑），dream（夢想），evidence（證據），explanation（解釋），fact（事實），feeling（感覺），guarantee（保證），guess（猜測）,hope(希望),idea(觀點), knowledge(認識),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(觀念),objection(反對),opinion(觀點),possibility(可能性),prediction(預測),probability(可能性),problem(問題),proof(證據),proposal(建議),proposition(論點、主張),question(問題),realization(認識),rumor(傳聞),sign(跡象),truth(事實),theory(理論),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名詞。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。

二、同位語從句的引導詞使用情況

1.如同位語從句意義完整，應用that引導同位語從句。（即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應用whether引導同位語從句。（if不能引導同位語從句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應加“是否”的含義才能表達the problem的全部內容，因此應用whether引導同位語從句。3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候”、“什么地點”、“什么方式”等含義，應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意義不完整，應加“什么時候”的含義才能表達idea的全部內容，因此應用when引導同位語從句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意義不完整，應加“如何”的含義才能表達impression的全部內容，因此應用how引導同位語從句。4.當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。同位語從句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.傳說他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽 車。

三、同位語從句的語氣 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結構，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個星期內所有這些房子都要拆掉。

定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

一、意義的不同 同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內容的，它與先行詞是同位關系；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它與先行詞是修飾關系。We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內容就是that he will come，故that引導的是同位語從句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)

二、引導詞的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引導同位語從句，但不引導定語從句。定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，關系詞在從句中擔當相應的句子成分，關系代詞在從句中作賓語時經?？墒÷浴Ｍ徽Z從句主要由連詞that 引導，在從句中一般不擔當成分；有時也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導，這些連詞則在從句中擔當成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告訴我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他剛剛去世了，這個消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是如何籌集這么多資金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我們如何籌集這么多資金，這個問題很難解決。

三、被修飾詞語的區(qū)別 同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導同位語從句時則不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他們什么時候來。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個問題，為 什么這是最好的選擇。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來開會，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以發(fā)展成完整句子 同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞be發(fā)展成一個完整的句子, 而定語從句則不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我們可以向老師請教，這個主意不錯。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球圍繞太陽轉，這個事實人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）請注意如何保護野生動物這個問題。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是students,指人，所以引導定語從句應該用whom，也可以說twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是沒有一個的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于兩者之間）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.當先行詞被such修飾時，定語從句用as引導，即構成結構為“such+（a/an）＋形容詞＋名詞＋as”引導的定語從句，意為“......像......一樣的”。整個句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計的那樣低的價格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.當先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引導，但意思不同。用that引導定語從句指同一物，而用as引導定語從句指同類事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引導非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個句子內容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結構如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經常是這樣）等。如填it，則需將逗號改為that；如選D，則需將逗號改為is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(戰(zhàn)友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地點、年份或大地點，born on 后面往往接具體的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（靈感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（謠言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判斷下列句子為定語從句還是同位語從句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第五篇：英語中同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

一、從句法功能上來看

同位語從句中連接詞that在從句中不作句子成分，也沒有詞匯含義，只起連接作用，其作用大致相當于一個冒號；而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，且在句中充當句子的成分(主語或賓語)。如：

I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way.(that引導的是同位語從句，它在從句中不充當句子成分)

The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister.(that引導的是定語從句，它在從句中充當賓語)

二、從意義上來看

同位語從句所表達的內容與作為中心詞的名詞所表達的內容是一樣的，兩者之間可以劃等號；而定語從句則是限制或修飾中心詞的，中心詞所表達的內容不等于定語從句所表達的內容。如：

He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day.(that引導的是同位語從句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)

This is the factory that we visited last month.(that引導的是定語從句，其中 the factory≠ we visited last month.)

三、從中心名詞上來看

同位語從句中的中心名詞常是一些表示概括意義的抽象名詞，這類名詞有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。而定語從句中的中心名詞是沒有限定的。如：

四、從that是否可以省略來看 引導同位語從句的連詞that一般不能省略，而在定語從句中，that作賓語時，可以省略。另外，引導定語從句的that若指事物，它可以用which來代替，而在同位語從句中，that 永遠不能用which替代。