第一篇：商業(yè)術(shù)語

國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)常用詞匯（英漢對(duì)照）

@每；單價(jià)；在

accelerate trade payment(ATP)加速貿(mào)易付款 acceptance 承兌，接受

acceptance letter of credit(acceptance L/C)承兌信用證 accepting bank 承兌行 acceptor承兌人

acknowledgement of insurance declaration 投保聲明的回執(zhí) actual delivery 實(shí)際交貨 actual quality 實(shí)際品質(zhì) actual tare 實(shí)際皮重 actual total loss 實(shí)際全損 Ad.val(拉丁語)從價(jià)

advanced bill of lading(advanced B/L)預(yù)借提單 advanced payment 預(yù)付貨款 advising bank 通知行 afltoxin risk 黃曲霉素險(xiǎn) agency 代理 agent 代理商 agreement 協(xié)議書

agreement of consignment 寄售協(xié)議 Air Express 急件傳送

air transportation all risks 航空運(yùn)輸一切險(xiǎn)

air transportation cargo war risks 航空運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn) air transportation risks 航空運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn) air waybill 航空貨運(yùn)單

aligned document system 套合一致的單證 all risks 一切險(xiǎn)

all risks for shipment of frozen products 冷藏貨物運(yùn)輸一切險(xiǎn) alteration charge 變更卸貨港附加費(fèi)

American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC)美國紡織化學(xué)師與印染師協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) American Society of Testing Materials(ASTM)美國材料試驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) announcement of tender 發(fā)布招標(biāo)公告

anticipatory letter of credit(anticipatory L/C)預(yù)支信用證 ante-dated bill of lading(ante-dated B/L)倒簽提單 antirust packaging 防銹包裝 applicant 開證申請人

application for credit 開證申請書 arbitration 仲裁

arbitration agreement 提交仲裁協(xié)議

arbitration application 仲裁申請 arbitration clause 仲裁條款 arbitration procedure 仲裁程序 arrival contract 到達(dá)合同 artificial harbor 人工港

assembling with customer’s parts 來件裝配 assignment of proceed 款項(xiàng)讓渡或款項(xiàng)過渡

Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC)美國公職分析化學(xué)師協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) assortment list 花色搭配單 at buyer’s option 由買方?jīng)Q定 at seller’s option 由賣方?jīng)Q定 auction 拍賣 auctioneer 拍賣人

authority to purchase(A/P)委托購買證 automatic revolving letter of credit(automatic revolving L/C)自動(dòng)循環(huán)信用證 available by negotiation 議付兌現(xiàn) available by payment 付款兌現(xiàn) average price平均價(jià) average tare平均皮重 avoidance of delay 防止延遲

B back to back letter of credit(back to back L/C)對(duì)背信用證 bale packing 捆包裝 bank credit card 信用卡 bank guarantee 銀行保證函

banker’s acceptance bill 銀行承兌匯票

banker’s acceptance letter of credit(banker’s acceptance L/C)銀行承兌信用證 banker’s bill 銀行匯票 banker’s cheque 銀行支票 banking charges 銀行費(fèi)用 barter trade 易貨貿(mào)易 base port 基本港 beneficiary 受益人

benefit of insurance 保險(xiǎn)利益 berth terms 船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) bid 遞盤

bid bond 投標(biāo)保證金，投標(biāo)押金 bidding documents 編制招標(biāo)文件 bill for collection(B/C)托收匯票 bill of exchange 匯票

bill of lading(B/L)海運(yùn)提單 bill of lading weight 提單貨量

blank endorsement 空白背書 bona fide holder 善意持有人 book 訂購

booking note 托運(yùn)單

both to blame collision clause(B.B.clause)船船互撞條款 breach of condition 違反要件 breach of contract 違反合同

breach of innominate terms 違反無名條款 breach of intermediate terms 違反中間性條款 breach of warranty 違反擔(dān)保或違反隨附條件 brief cable 簡電本

British standard(BS)英國（工業(yè)）標(biāo)準(zhǔn) bulk cargo 散裝貨物

bunker adjustment factor(BAF)燃油附加費(fèi) business negotiation 交易磋商 buyback 回購

buyer’s sample 買方樣

buyer’s usance credit 買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 buying hedging 買期保值 buying offer 購貨發(fā)盤

C cable address(C/A)電掛 cable confirmation 電報(bào)證實(shí)書 cable credit 電開信用證 call of tender 招標(biāo)

Canadian Standards Association(C.S.A)加拿大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì) canceling date 解約日 cargo in bulk 散裝貨物 cargo manifest 貨物艙單 cargo plan 積載圖又名船圖 cargo receipt 承運(yùn)貨物收據(jù)

carriage and insurance paid to(?named place of destination)(CIP)運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至（?指定的地）

carriage paid to(?named place of destination)(CPT)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至（?指定目的地）carton 紙箱

cash against documents 憑單付款 cash discount 現(xiàn)金折扣

cash in advance(C.I.A)預(yù)付現(xiàn)款 cash in order(C.I.O)訂貨時(shí)付款 cash on delivery(C.O.D)交貨付款 cash with order(C.W.O)附訂單付現(xiàn)

certificate for dispatch of documents 寄單證明

certificate for dispatch of shipment samples 寄樣證明

certificate in regard to handlooms textile handcrafts and traditional textile products of the cottage industry 手工制紡織品產(chǎn)地證

certificate of age of vessel 船齡證明書 certificate of classification 船舶船級(jí)證明 certificate of compliance 明白證明書 certificate of date of sailing 開船證明書 certificate of delivery 交貨證明書

certificate of departure from port 離港證明書 certificate of load line 船舶載重線證明

certificate of vessel’s nationality 船舶國籍證明 certificate of origin 產(chǎn)地證明書

certificate of textile products 紡織品產(chǎn)地證 certificate of ownership 所有權(quán)證書 certificate of weight 重量證書 certified cheque 保付支票

certified invoice 證實(shí)發(fā)票或簽證發(fā)票 CFR ex ship’s hold CFR 艙底交貨 CFR ex tackle CFR 吊鉤下交貨 CFR landed CFR 卸到岸上 CFR liner terms CFR 班輪條件 CFS to CFS（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）站到站 CFS to CY（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）站到廠 CFS to door（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）站到門

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(C.C.P.I.T)中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Certificate of Origin(CCPIT certificate of origin)中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)產(chǎn)地證

China Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau(CIQ)中國出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局 China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation(SINOTRANS)中國外貿(mào)運(yùn)輸公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency(COSA)中國外輪代理公司 China Ocean Shipping Company(COSCO)中國遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸公司 CIF ex ship’s hold CIF 艙底交貨 CIF ex tackle CIF 吊鉤下交貨 CIF landed CIF 卸到岸上 CIF Liner terms CIF 班輪條件 claim 素賠

clash and breakage risks 碰損、破碎險(xiǎn) Class Rate Freight Tariff 等級(jí)運(yùn)價(jià)表 classification of commodities 貨物分級(jí)表 clean bill 光票

clean bill of lading(clean B/L)清潔提單 clean letter of Credit(clean L/C)光票信用證 clean report of findings 清潔報(bào)告書 closed bids 密封遞價(jià)

closed policy 總括保險(xiǎn)單 collecting bank 代收行 collection 托收

collection advice 托收委托書 colour sample 色彩樣品

combined bill of lading(combined B/L)并提單 combined certificate 聯(lián)合憑證

combined certificate of value and origin 估價(jià)和原產(chǎn)地聯(lián)合證明書 combined documents 聯(lián)合單據(jù) combined offer 復(fù)合發(fā)盤

combined transport bill of lading(CTB/L)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸提單 commercial acceptance bill 商業(yè)承兌匯票 commercial bill 商業(yè)匯票 commercial documents 商業(yè)單據(jù) commercial invoice 商業(yè)發(fā)票

commercial paper letter of credit(commercial paper L/C)商業(yè)票據(jù)信用證 commercial technology transfer 商業(yè)性技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 commission 傭金

commission agency 傭金代理 commission agent 傭金代理商 commodity exchange 商品交易所

Commodity Futures Trading Commission 商品期貨交易委員會(huì) commodity inspection 商品檢驗(yàn)

commodity inspection corporation(C.I.C)商檢公司 common license 普通許可

communicate to all address 分送電 compensation agreement 補(bǔ)償協(xié)定 compensation system 補(bǔ)償制 compensation trade 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 complete knock down(C.K.D)全拆卸

complete set bill of lading(complete set B/L)全套提單

Comprehensive Import Supervision Scheme(C.I.S.S)全面進(jìn)口監(jiān)督計(jì)劃 computed tare 約定皮重 conciliation 調(diào)解

concurrent terms 對(duì)流條件 conditional sale lease 銷售租賃 conditioned weight 公量 confirm 保兌 confirmation 確認(rèn)書

confirmed letter of credit(confirmed L/C)保兌信用證 confirming bank 保兌行 confirming sample 確認(rèn)樣 consecutive days 連續(xù)日 consideration對(duì)價(jià)

consignee 收貨人，代銷商 consignment 寄售

consignment bill for highway transportation 公路貨物運(yùn)輸托運(yùn)單 consignor 寄售人

constructive delivery 推定全損 constructive total loss 推定全損 consular invoice 領(lǐng)事發(fā)票 consular visa 領(lǐng)事簽證

consulting engineers 咨詢工程公司 consulting service顧問咨詢

container bill of lading(container B/L)集裝箱提單 container freight station(C.F.S)集裝箱貨運(yùn)站 container load 集裝箱裝載

container load plan(C.L.P)裝箱單 container number(container no.)集裝箱號(hào) container yard(CY)集裝箱堆場

contingency insurance ,covers seller’s interest only 賣方利益險(xiǎn) contract 合同

contract for the international sale of goods 國際貨物銷售合同

Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award 《承認(rèn)及執(zhí)行外國仲裁裁決公約》 cover note 暫保單 co-production 合作生產(chǎn)

copy of bill of lading(copy B/L)副本提單 correspondent bank 代理行

cost and freight(?named port of destination)(CFR)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)（?指定目的港）

cost, insurance and freight?（named port of destination）(CIF)成本加運(yùn)保費(fèi)（?指定目的港）couriers receipts 快郵收據(jù) counter offer 還盤，還價(jià) counter purchase 互購 counter sample 對(duì)等樣品 counter trade 對(duì)等貿(mào)易 counter card 信用卡

counter to expire abroad 國外到期信用證 crew list 船舶船員名單 cross license 交叉許可 cross offer 交叉發(fā)盤 crossed cheque 劃線支票

currency adjustment factor(CAF)幣值附加費(fèi) customary packing習(xí)慣包裝 customary tare習(xí)慣皮重 cutting sample 剪樣

CY to CFS（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）場至站 CY to CY（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）場至場 CY to door（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）場至門

D Dalsey ,Hilbolom , Lind ,Courier’s Service DHL 信使專遞 dampproof packing 防潮包裝 date of issue 出票日期 date of draft 出票日期 dead freight 空艙費(fèi) dead weight 總載重量 dead-weight cargo 重貨

dead-weight tonnage 載重量噸位 debit note(D/N)借款帳單

declaration of country of origin 原產(chǎn)地聲明書 deductible 絕對(duì)免賠率 deferred payment 延期付款

deferred payment letter of credit(deferred payment L/C)遲期付款信用證 delivered at frontier(?named place)(DAF)邊境交貨（?指定地點(diǎn)）

delivered duty paid(?named place of destination)(DDP)完稅后交貨（?指定目的港）delivered duty unpaid(?named place of destination)(DDU)未完稅交貨（?指定目的地）delivered ex quay(?named port of destination)(D.E.Q)目的港碼頭交貨（?指定目的地）delivered ex ship(?named port of destination)(D.E.S)目的港船上交貨（?指定目的港）delivery 交貨

delivery order(D/O)提貨單 demand draft(D/D)匯票 demise charter 光船租船 demurrage money 延期費(fèi)，滯期費(fèi) deposit receipt(D/R)押金收據(jù) description of goods 貨物說明

desk to desk express service 桌到桌快遞服務(wù) dispatch money 速譴費(fèi)

destination of discharge 目的地 detail airmail 詳見航郵件 detailed invoice 詳細(xì)發(fā)票 detailed packing list 詳細(xì)裝箱單 Diners Club international 大菜卡 direct additional 直航附加費(fèi) direct barter 直接易貨

direct bill of lading(direct B/L)直運(yùn)提單 direct price 直接價(jià) discount 貼現(xiàn)

discrepancy and clam clause 異議與索賠條款 dishonor 拒付行為

Disinfect ion Inspection Certificate 消毒檢驗(yàn)證書 displacement tonnage 排水量噸位 disponent owner 船東

dock receipt(D/R)碼頭收據(jù)；場站收據(jù) documentary bill 跟單匯票

documentary letter of credit(documentary L/C)跟單信用證 documentary against acceptance(D/A)承兌交單 documentary against payment(D/P)付款交單

documentary against payment with trust receipt(D/P.T/R)付款交單憑信托收據(jù)借單 domestic credit 國內(nèi)信用證 door to CFS（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）門到站 door to CY（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）門到場 door to door（集裝箱運(yùn)輸）門到門 D/P at ?days after sight 遠(yuǎn)期付款交單 D/P at sight 即期付款交單 draft 匯票

drawee 受票人，付款人 drawee bank 付款行 drawer 出票人，收款人 duplicate sample 復(fù)樣 dutch auction 減價(jià)拍賣 duty paid value 完稅價(jià)格

E EDI message 電子信息

Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)電子數(shù)據(jù)通信 Electronic Data Processing(EDP)電子數(shù)據(jù)處理 enclosure 附件

endorsement 批單，背書

engineering contracting 工程承包 enquiry 詢盤

equipment lease 設(shè)備租賃

errors and omissions excepted(E.&O.E)有錯(cuò)當(dāng)查，錯(cuò)誤或遺漏不在此限 establishing bank 開證行

estimated time of arrival(E.T.A)預(yù)定到達(dá)時(shí)間

estimated time of departure(E.T.D)預(yù)定開航時(shí)間；預(yù)定離港時(shí)間 ex works(?named place)(EXW)工廠交貨（?指定地點(diǎn)）except as otherwise noted(E.A.O.N)除非另有記載 exclusive agency 獨(dú)家代理

exclusive agency agreement 獨(dú)家代理協(xié)議 exclusive agent 獨(dú)家代理商 exclusive distributor 包銷商 exclusive License 獨(dú)占許可 exclusive sale 包銷

exclusive sale agreement 包銷協(xié)議

expected time of finishing discharging(E.T.F.D)預(yù)計(jì)卸完時(shí)間 expected time of finishing loading(E.T.F.L)預(yù)計(jì)裝完時(shí)間

export declaration(E/D)出口申報(bào)書

export freight manifest 出口載貨運(yùn)費(fèi)清單或運(yùn)費(fèi)艙單 export licence 出口許可證

export licence textile products 紡織品出口許可證 export manifest 出口載貨清單 exporter 出口人

extraneous risks 外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

F failure to deliver risk 交貨不到險(xiǎn) fair average quality(F.A.Q)良好平均品質(zhì) false bill of lading(false B/L)偽造提單 finance lease 融資租賃 financial documents 資金單據(jù)

fire risk extension clause-for storage of cargo at destination HongKong ,including Kowloon, or Macao(F.R.E.C)貨物出口到香港(包括九龍)或澳門寸倉火險(xiǎn)責(zé)任擴(kuò)展條款 first beneficiary 第一收益人 fixed price 固定價(jià)

fixed scale rogalty 固定提成率 flexible container 柔性集裝袋 FOB liner term FOB班輪條件 FOB stowed(FOBS)FOB包括理艙

FOB stowed and trimmed(F.O B.S.T)FOB包括平艙和理艙 FOB trimmed(FOBT)FOB包括平艙 FOB under tackle FOB釣鉤下交貨

FOB vessel(---named port of shipment)指定運(yùn)港船上交貨 Food and Drug Administration(FDA)美國食品及藥品管理局 for reference only 僅供參考 force majeure 不可抗力

force majeure clause 不可抗力條款 fortuitous accidents 意外事故 forward price 期貨價(jià)格

forward cargo receipt(FCR)運(yùn)輸代理人的承運(yùn)貨物收據(jù) forwarding agents 發(fā)貨代理或貨運(yùn)代理 foul bill of lading(foul B/l)不清單提單 franchise 相對(duì)免賠率

free all average(F-A-A)不計(jì)一切海損

free alongside ship(---named port of shipment)(FAS)船邊交貨(---指定裝運(yùn)港)free carrier(---named place)(FCA)貨交承運(yùn)人(---指定地點(diǎn))free from particular average(F-P-A)平安險(xiǎn) free in(F-I)船方官卸不管裝

free in and out(F-I-O)船房不管裝和卸

free in and out, stowed and trimmed(F-I-O-S-T)船方不管裝卸,理艙和平艙 free on board(---named port of shipment)裝運(yùn)港船上交貨(---指定裝運(yùn)港)

free out 船方管裝不管卸 free perimeter 自由邊境區(qū) free port 自由港

free trade zone 自由貿(mào)易區(qū) freight agent 貨運(yùn)代理人 freight bill 運(yùn)費(fèi)帳單 freight manifest 運(yùn)費(fèi)艙單 freight prepaid 運(yùn)費(fèi)已付 freight to collect 運(yùn)費(fèi)到付 freight ton 運(yùn)費(fèi)噸

fresh water and /or rain damage(F-W-R-D)淡水雨淋險(xiǎn) fresh water road line 淡水載重線 frustration of contract 合同落空 full cable 全電本

full container load(F-C-L)整箱貨 full packed 全部包裝 full payout 完全付清

fill set bill of lading(full set B/L)全套提單 full set of clean on board bill of lading made out to order and endorsed in blank 全套清潔已裝船作成憑指示和空白背書的提單 fundamental breach 根本違反合同 future contract 期貨合同 futures market 期貨市場 future transaction 期貨交易

G general additional 一般附加險(xiǎn)

General Administration of Civil Aviation China(AAC)中國民航總局 general agency 總代理 general agent 總代理人 general average(G-A)共同海損

general average contribution 共同海損分?jǐn)?/p>

general conditions of delivery of goods 交貨共同條件 general terms and conditions 一般交易條件

generalized system of preference certificate of origin Form A(G-S-P Form A)普惠制產(chǎn)地證格式 Geneva uniform law on cheque 日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)一支票法規(guī) Good merchantable quality(G-M-Q)上好可銷品質(zhì) goods quality 商品品質(zhì) grade of goods 商品等級(jí) grane back 技術(shù)反饋

green clause credit 綠條款信用證 gross bills of lading weight 毛提單貨量 gross for net 以毛作凈

gross registered tonnage(G-R-T)注冊總噸 gross terms 船方擔(dān)負(fù)裝卸費(fèi) grounded 擱淺

groundage bill of lading 成組提單

guarantee letter of credit(guarantee L/C)擔(dān)保信用證,保證信用證 guarantor 保證人 gunny bags 麻袋

H Hamburg Rules 海牙規(guī)則 Hard ware硬件

heavy lift additional超重附加費(fèi) heavy weather惡劣氣候 hedging 套期保植 hire purchase租購式租賃 hook damage 鉤損險(xiǎn) house air way bill 分運(yùn)單

house bill of lading 運(yùn)輸代理行提單 I Immediate shipment 立即裝運(yùn) import declaration 進(jìn)口申請書 import duty risk 進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn) importer 進(jìn)口人 indent 訂單

indicative marks 指示性標(biāo)志 industrial activity 實(shí)用性 industrial property 工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán) initial payment 初付費(fèi),入門費(fèi) initial price 初步價(jià)格 injured party 受害方 inland depot 內(nèi)陸貨運(yùn)站

inland extended cover 內(nèi)陸附加險(xiǎn)

inland waterway bill of landing 內(nèi)陸提單 inspection and claim clause檢驗(yàn)與索賠條款 Inspection Certificate of Health 健康檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate of Origin 產(chǎn)地檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate of Quality 品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate of Quantity 數(shù)量檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate of Value 價(jià)值檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate of Weight 重量檢驗(yàn)證書

Inspection Certificate on Cargo Weight and Measurement 貨物衡量證書 Inspection Certificate on damaged Cargo 驗(yàn)殘檢驗(yàn)證書 Inspection Certificate on Tank /Hold 驗(yàn)艙證書 Inspection of goods 貨物檢驗(yàn)

Institute Cargo clauses(ICC)協(xié)會(huì)貨物險(xiǎn)條款

Institute Cargo clauses A(ICC(A))協(xié)會(huì)貨物(A)險(xiǎn)條款 Institute Cargo clauses B(ICC(B))協(xié)會(huì)貨物(B)險(xiǎn)條款 Institute Cargo clauses C(ICC(C))協(xié)會(huì)貨物(C)險(xiǎn)條款 Institute strikes clauses-Cargo 協(xié)會(huì)罷工險(xiǎn)條款(貨物)Institute War clauses-Cargo 協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)條款(貨物)Insurable interest 保險(xiǎn)利益;可保權(quán)益 Insurance certificate 保險(xiǎn)憑證 Insured amount 保險(xiǎn)金額 Insurer 承保人;保險(xiǎn)人

Intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)

Interim measures of protection 保全措施又稱臨時(shí)保護(hù)措施 International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)國際商會(huì)

International code of conduct on the technology transfer 國際技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓行動(dòng)守則 International competitive bidding 國際競爭性招標(biāo) International combined transport國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn) International express mail service(EMS)國際特快專遞 International multimodal transport 國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)

International railway through transport 國際鐵路貨物聯(lián)運(yùn)

International rules for the interpretation of trade terms(INCOTERMS)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 International standard organization 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織

International trading certificate(ITC)國際貿(mào)易證書 Intrinsic quality 商品內(nèi)在素質(zhì) Inventive activity 創(chuàng)造性

Invitation to make offer 邀請發(fā)盤 Invitation to tender 招標(biāo)

Irrespective of percentage(I-O-P)不論損失程度

Irrespective letter of credit(irrevocable L/C)不可撤消信用證 Issue 出票

Issuing bank 開證行 Insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單 Insurance value 保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值

J Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS)日本工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Jettison and/or washing over board 拋擲,海水沖擊險(xiǎn) K Kite mark 風(fēng)箏標(biāo)志

Knocked-down in carloads 拆散成整車皮裝貨物 Knocked-down shipment(貨物)分運(yùn) Know how 專有技術(shù) L Land bridge transport 大陸橋運(yùn)輸

Landed terms 起貨條件 Landing account 卸貨報(bào)告

Landing quality ,weight as final 以到岸品質(zhì),重量為準(zhǔn) Landing weight 卸貨重量,到岸重量 Last pay certificate 最后付款證明書 Late acceptance 逾期接受 Law and practice 法律慣例 Lay time 裝卸時(shí)間 Lay days date 受載時(shí)間 Leakage risk 滲漏險(xiǎn) Lease trade 租賃貿(mào)易

Licensor’s share on licensee’s profit(LSLP)利潤分成原則 Legal net weight 法定凈重 Legal weight 法定重量

Less than container load(LCL)拼箱貨 Lessee 承擔(dān)人 Lessor 出租人

Letter of credit(L/C)信用證 Letter of guarantee(L/G)銀行保證函 Letter telegramme 書信電報(bào) Leverage lease 杠桿租賃 Licensing 許可證貿(mào)易

Licensing agreement 許可證協(xié)議 Lien 扣押權(quán)

Light displacement 空船排水量或清排水量 Liner 班輪

Liner shipping 班輪運(yùn)輸

Liner terms 班輪條件,船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) Liner’ s freight tariff 班輪運(yùn)價(jià)表 Liquidated damages 預(yù)定損害賠償 Litigation 訴訟 Load line 船舶載重線

Loaded displacement 滿載排水量或重排水量或總排水量 Loading list 裝貨清單

Local freight agent 當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)輸代理商 Local vanning 當(dāng)?shù)匮b箱 Log book 航行日志

London Metal Exchange 倫敦五金交易所 London Stock Exchange 倫敦證券交易所

Long form bill of lading(long from B/L)全式提單 Long length additional 超長附加費(fèi)

Loss and/or damage caused by breakage of packing 包裝破裂險(xiǎn) Lot tolerance rate 批內(nèi)允許破損率 Lot tolerance defective 批內(nèi)允許次品費(fèi)

Lowest price limit 最低售價(jià) Lump sum payment 一次總算 M Mail confirmation to follow 隨寄證實(shí)書 Mail credit 信開信用證 Mail transfer(M/T)信匯 Main mark 主要標(biāo)志 Major causes 重大意外事故

Malicious damage clauses 惡意損害險(xiǎn)條款

Manufacture’s certificate of origin 生產(chǎn)商原產(chǎn)地證明書 Manufacture’s invoice 廠商發(fā)票 Marine bill of lading 海運(yùn)提單 Marine insurance policy 水運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)單 Marker capacity 標(biāo)定容量 Master airway bill民航運(yùn)單 Master Card 萬事達(dá)卡 Master document 總單證 Master receipt 大副收據(jù) Material breach 重大違約 Mate’s receipt 大副收據(jù)

Measurement and weight mark 體重和重量標(biāo)志 Measurement cargo 輕貨 Measurement list 尺碼單 Measurement ton(M/T)尺碼噸 Memorandum 備忘錄

Method of dispatching documents 寄單方法 ’ Method of reimbursement 所匯方法 Mildew proof packaging 防霉包裝 Mini land bridge(M-L-B)小路橋

Minimum bill of lading(minimum B/L)起碼提單 Minimum freight 起碼運(yùn)費(fèi) Minimum premium 最低保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) Minimum rate 起碼費(fèi)率 Minimum weight 最低重量 Minor breach 輕微違法 Mixed agreement 混合協(xié)議 Mixed policy 混合保險(xiǎn)單 Mode of shipment運(yùn)輸方式 Money of account 計(jì)價(jià)貨幣 Money of payment 支付貨幣 More or less clause 溢短裝條款

Multimode transport documents(MTO)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù) Multimode transport operator(MTO)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人 Multiple country declaration 多國家產(chǎn)地聲明書

N Name of commodity 品名 National harbors 天然港 Natural calamity 自然災(zāi)害 Negotiable calamity 流通證券 Negotiated bidding 談判招標(biāo) Negotiating bank 議付行 Negotiation 議付

0Negotiation letter of credit 議付通行證 Net bills of lading weight 凈提單貨量 Net dead weight 凈載重量 Net net weight 凈凈重

Net registered tonnage(NRT)注冊凈噸 Net weight 凈重

Neutral invoice 中性發(fā)票 Neutral packing 中性包裝

New York Commodity Exchange 紐約商品交易所 No commercial value(N-C-V)無商業(yè)價(jià)值 No mark(N/M)無嘜頭

No orders(N/O)無指示,無定單,不指定人 Non-acceptance(N/A)拒絕承兌,拒絕接受

Non-automatic revolving letter of credit Non-base port 非自動(dòng)循環(huán)信用證 Non-commercial technology transfer 非基本港

Non-cumulative revolving letter of credit 非商業(yè)性技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 Non-payout 非累計(jì)循環(huán)信用證

Non-vessel operating carrier(NV OC)不完全付清

Non-vessel operating common carrier(NVOC C)無船承運(yùn)人 Non-vessel owning common carrier(NVOCC)無船承運(yùn)人 Notice of abandonment 委付通知 Notice of readiness 備裝通知 Notify party 被通知人 Notifying bank 通知行 Novelty 新穎性 Nuded cargo 裸裝貨物

O Ocean bill of lading(ocean B/L)海運(yùn)提單

Ocean marine insurance frozen products 海洋運(yùn)輸冷藏貨物保險(xiǎn) Ocean marine insurance wood oil bulk 海洋運(yùn)輸散裝桐油保險(xiǎn) Ocean waybill 海上貨運(yùn)單或海運(yùn)單 Off set 抵消貿(mào)易 Offer 發(fā)盤

Offer without engagement 不受約束的發(fā)盤 Omnibus bill of lading(omnibus B/L)并提單

On board bill of lading(on B/L)已裝車提單 On deck risk 艙面險(xiǎn)

Once on demurrage a一旦滯期,始終滯期leeway’s on demurrage Open account transaction 賒帳交易 Open bidding 公開招標(biāo) Open by airmail 信開

Open by telecommunication 電開 Open policy 預(yù)約保單

Open negotiation letter of credit 公開議付信用證 Opener 開證人,開證申請人 Opening bank 開證行 Opening of tender 開標(biāo) Operating lease 經(jīng)營租賃 Operative instrument 有效文本 Optional charges 選港費(fèi) Optional fees 選擇卸貨港附加費(fèi) Optional port 選擇港 Order 定貨,定單

Order bill of lading(order B/L)指示提單 Original mark 原產(chǎn)地標(biāo)志 Outturn sample 船樣

Overland common points(O-C-P)內(nèi)陸地區(qū) Overland transportation all risks 陸運(yùn)一切險(xiǎn)

Overland transportation cargo war risks-by train 路上運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn) Overland transportation frozen products 路上運(yùn)輸冷藏貨運(yùn)險(xiǎn) Overland transportation risks 陸運(yùn)險(xiǎn)

P Pack slip 裝箱單 Packaging銷售包裝

Package number mark 件號(hào)標(biāo)志 Package list 裝箱單 Packed cargo 包裝貨物 Packing 運(yùn)輸包裝

Packing documents 包裝單據(jù) Packing loan 打包放款

Packing specification 包裝證明 Packing summary 包裝提要 Paper bags 紙袋

Paperless documentation Parcel post all risks 郵包一切險(xiǎn) Parcel post risk 郵包險(xiǎn)

Parcel post war risks 郵包戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn) Part packed 局部包裝

Partial loss 部分損失 Partial shipment 分批裝運(yùn) Particular average 單獨(dú)海損 Patent 專利

Pattern sample 款式樣品 Pay by installment 分期付款 Payee 受款人 Payer 付款人 Paying bank 付款行 Payment 付款

Payment in advance 預(yù)付條款 Penalty clause 罰金條款 Performance bond 履約保證金 Performance guaranty 履約保證函

Performance letter of credit 履約信用證 Perils of the sea 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Physical delivery 實(shí)際交貨 Place of departure 啟運(yùn)地 Place of issue 出票地點(diǎn) Place of payment 付款地點(diǎn) Place of receipt 收貨地 Port of call 掛靠港

Port congestion surcharge 港口擁擠附加費(fèi) Port of destination 目的港 Port of discharge 卸貨港 Port of loading 裝貨港 Port of shipment 裝運(yùn)港 Port of transshipment 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)港 Port surcharge 港口附加費(fèi) Port to port 港到港

Postal money order 郵政匯票

Presentation for acceptance 承兌提示 Presentation for payment 付款提示 Presenting bank 提示行

Price adjustment clause 價(jià)格修正條款 Price terms 價(jià)格條件,價(jià)格術(shù)語 Principal 委托人

Processing with customer’s materials 來料加工 Product buyback 產(chǎn)品返銷 Product sharing 產(chǎn)品分成 Performa invoice 形式發(fā)票 Progress 先進(jìn)性

Progression payment 分期付款 Promissory note 本票

Prompt shipment 即期裝運(yùn) Protest 拒付證書

Provisional price 暫作價(jià) Public certificate 公務(wù)證書 Purchase order 購貨定單

Purchase confirmation 購貨確認(rèn)書 Purchase contract 購貨合同

Q Quality sample 品質(zhì)樣品 Quality latitude 品質(zhì)機(jī)動(dòng)幅度 Quality of goods 商品品質(zhì)

Quality to be about equal to the sample 品質(zhì)與樣品大致相同 Quality tolerance 品質(zhì)公差 Quote 報(bào)價(jià) R Real tare 實(shí)際皮重

Receipt for the goods 貨物收據(jù) Receipt invoice 收妥發(fā)票

Received for shipment bill of lading 備運(yùn)提單 Reciprocal letter of credit 對(duì)開信用證 Red clause letter of credit 紅條款信用證 Reference sample 參考樣品 Registered tonnage 注冊噸 Regular shipping liner 班輪 Reimbursing agent 償付代理人 Reimbursing bank 償付行 Reissuing bank 轉(zhuǎn)開行 Rejection risk 拒收險(xiǎn) Related product 相關(guān)樣品 Remittance 匯付

Remittance against documents 憑單付匯 Remitting bank 托收行

Repayment guarantee 還款保證函 Representative sample 代表性樣品

Restricted negotiation letter of credit 限制議付信用證 Restrictive endorsement 限制背書 Resultant product 直接產(chǎn)品 Return sample 回樣

Return voyage charter 來回航程次

Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 一九四一年美國對(duì)外貿(mào)易定義修正本 Revocable letter of credit 可撤銷信用證 Revoke 撤銷

Revolving around time letter of credit 按時(shí)間循環(huán)信用證

Revolving around value letter of credit 按金額循環(huán)信用證 Revolving letter of credit 循環(huán)信用證 Right of exclusive sale 獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷權(quán)利 Right of recourse 追索權(quán)

Right of subrogation 代位追償權(quán),代位權(quán) Risk for shipment of frozen products 冷藏險(xiǎn) Risk of intermixture and contamination 混雜,沾污險(xiǎn) Risk of odour 串味險(xiǎn) Risk of shortage 短量險(xiǎn) Risks clause 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)條款 Risks covered 承保范圍

Risks of strikes,riots and civil commotion(SRCC)罷工,暴動(dòng),民變險(xiǎn) Rules for Pre-arbitral Referee Procedures 仲裁前公斷程序規(guī)則 Ruling price 現(xiàn)行價(jià) Running days 連續(xù)日

Running working days 連續(xù)工作日 Rust-inhibiting packaging 防銹包裝 Rusting risk 銹損險(xiǎn) S Safty-mark 安全標(biāo)志 Sailing date 開航日期,船期 Sale and lease back 回租

Sale by brand name or trade mark 憑牌名或商標(biāo)銷售 Sale by buyer’s sample 憑買方樣品銷售 Sale by description 憑文字說明銷售 Sale by grade 憑等級(jí)銷售

Sale by illustration 憑說明書銷售 Sale by sample 憑樣銷售

Sale by seller’s sample 憑賣方樣品銷售 Sale by specification 憑規(guī)格銷售 Sale by standard 憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銷售 Sales confirmation 銷售確認(rèn)書 Sales contract 銷售合同 Salvage charge 救助費(fèi)用

Sanitary Inspection Certificate 衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)證書 Scheduled airline 班機(jī)運(yùn)輸 Sea protest 海事報(bào)告 Sea water damage 海水損失險(xiǎn) Sea waybill 海運(yùn)單或海上貨運(yùn)單 Seal number(seal no..)封號(hào) Sealed bid 密封發(fā)盤,密封遞價(jià) Sealed sample 封樣

Seaworthy packing 適合海運(yùn)包裝 Second beneficiary 第二受益人

Secondary credit 從屬信用證或?qū)Ρ承庞米C Selected bidding 選擇性招標(biāo) Seller’s sample 賣方樣

Seller’s usual packing 賣方慣用包裝 Selling hedging 賣期保值 Selling offer 售貨發(fā)盤 Semi knock down(S.K.D)半拆卸

Semi-automatic revolving credit 半自動(dòng)循環(huán)信用證 Separate bill of lading 分提單 Settlement of exchange 結(jié)匯 Shipment 裝運(yùn)

Shipment as soon as possible 盡快裝運(yùn) Shipment certificate 裝船證明

Shipment certificate textile products 紡織品裝船證明 Shipment contract 裝運(yùn)合同 Shipment request 裝貨申請

Shipped bill of lading 已裝船提單 Shipper 托運(yùn)人

Shipping advice 裝船通知 Shipping agent 船務(wù)代理 Shipping mark 運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志, Shipping note裝貨通知單 Shipping order(S/O)裝貨單 Shipping package 運(yùn)輸包裝

Shipping quality,weight or quantity as final 以離岸品質(zhì),重量或數(shù)量為準(zhǔn) Shipping sample 裝船樣品 Ship’s classification 船級(jí) Shockproof packing 防震包裝 Short delivery 短交,短交獲

Short from bill of lading(short from B/L)略式提單 Show how 技術(shù)示范 Sight 見票

Sight draft 即期匯票

Sight letter of credit 即期信用證

Sight payment letter of credit 即期付款信用證 Signature of the drawer 出票人簽字 Similar credit 套證

Single country declaration 單一國家聲明 Simple license 普通許可

Single rate freight tariff 單相費(fèi)率運(yùn)價(jià)表 Single voyage charter 單程航次 Sliding price 滑動(dòng)價(jià) Soft ware 軟件 Sole agency 獨(dú)家代理

Sole agent 獨(dú)家代理商 Sole license 排他許可

Special additional risk 特別附加險(xiǎn) Special drawing rights(SDRs)特別提款權(quán) Special endorsement 特別背書 Special order 特別定單 Special policy 逐筆保險(xiǎn)單 Specification list 規(guī)格明細(xì)單 Specification of goods 商品規(guī)格 Speed post receipt 快遞收據(jù)

Standby letter of credit 備用信用證 Stowage factor 積載系數(shù) Stowage plan 積載圖,船圖

Straight bill of lading 記名提單 Straight lease 直接租賃 Strand 觸礁

Strikes risk 罷工險(xiǎn)

Subject matter insured 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物 Sub-license 分許可

Submission of arbitration agreement 提交仲裁協(xié)議 Submission of tender 投標(biāo)

Subsidiary credit 從屬信用證或?qū)Ρ承庞米C Sue and labour expense 施救費(fèi)用 Summer load line 夏季載重險(xiǎn) Survey report 檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告

Sweat and heating risks 受潮受熱險(xiǎn) Switch bill of lading 交貨提單 Switcher 轉(zhuǎn)手商

Symbolic delivery 象征性交貨

T Technical and clause committee 技術(shù)與條款委員會(huì) Technical servicing and assistance 技術(shù)服務(wù)與協(xié)助 Technology continuing assistance 技術(shù)繼續(xù)援助 Technology transfer agreement 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議 Technology transfer transaction 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 Telegraphic transfer(T/T)電匯 Tender guarantee 投標(biāo)保證書

Terminal devanning(集裝箱)區(qū)內(nèi)拆箱 The British System 英制

The doctrine of strict compliance 嚴(yán)格符合的原則 The metric system 米制

The People’s Insurance Company of China(PICC)中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司 The U,S, Export Quotations and abbreviations 美國出口報(bào)價(jià)及其縮寫條例

The U.S.System 美制

Theft ,pilferage and non-delivery 偷竊,提貨不著險(xiǎn) Theoretical weight 理論重量

Through bill of lading(through B/L)聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 Time charter 定期租船 Time draft 遠(yuǎn)期匯票

Time letter of credit(time L/C)遠(yuǎn)期信用證 Time policy 定期保險(xiǎn)單 To draw 出票 To order 憑指定 To order of 憑某某指定

To order of(**)Bank 憑某某銀行指定 To order of shipper 憑托運(yùn)人指定 Tonnage certificate 船舶噸位證書 Total amount 總值 Total loss 全部損失

Total quality control 全面質(zhì)量控制

Trade and payment agreement 貿(mào)易和支付規(guī)定 Trade discount 貿(mào)易折扣 Trade mark 商標(biāo)

Trade terms 貿(mào)易條件,貿(mào)易術(shù)語

Transferable letter of credit 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 Transfering bank 轉(zhuǎn)證行

Transshipment bill of lading 轉(zhuǎn)船提單 Transshipment risk 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)費(fèi)

Transshipment surcharge 轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi) Transshipment to be allowed 允許轉(zhuǎn)船

Transit Siberian land bridge container service traffic(TSCS)西伯利亞大陸橋集裝箱運(yùn)輸 Transit storage 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)倉庫 Transmitting bank 轉(zhuǎn)遞行 Transport document 運(yùn)輸單據(jù) Traveler’s cheque 旅行支票

Traveler’s letter of credit 旅行信用證 Trip charter 定程租船

Tropical fresh water load line 熱帶地區(qū)淡水載重線 Tropical load line 熱帶地區(qū)載重線 True lease 正式租賃

Trust receipt(T/R)信托收據(jù) T/T reimbursement 電報(bào)索賠條款 Turn key project 交鑰匙項(xiàng)目

Twenty-foot equivalent unit(TEU)20英尺(集裝箱)等量單位 Two-stage bidding 兩段招標(biāo) Type sample 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品 U

Unclean bill of lading 不清潔提單 Unconditional guarantee 無條件函

Unconfirmed letter of credit 不保兌信用證

Underwriter laboratories Inc.(U.L)美國保險(xiǎn)人公會(huì)安全認(rèn)證標(biāo)志

Uniform customs and practice for commercial documentary credit(UCP)商業(yè)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 Uniform Rules for Collection 托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則 Unit load device 成組裝運(yùn)設(shè)備 Unit packing list 成組(貨物)裝箱單 Unit price 單價(jià)

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會(huì)議 United Nations Layout Key for Trade Documents 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易單據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)樣式 Universal bulk ship 通用散裝貨船

Universal products code(UPC)通用產(chǎn)品符號(hào) Unlimited competitive bidding 不限競爭性招標(biāo) Unlimited price 不限價(jià) Unvalued policy 不定值保險(xiǎn)單 Usance credit 遠(yuǎn)期信用證 Usual risks 通常險(xiǎn) Utility 實(shí)用性 V Value added tax 增值稅 Value policy 定值保險(xiǎn)單 Verification certificate 驗(yàn)單

Veterinaty Inspection Certificate 獸醫(yī)檢驗(yàn)證書 Visby Rules 維斯比規(guī)則 Voyage charter 定程租船 Voyage policy 船程保單 W War risk 戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)

Warehouse receipt 倉庫收據(jù) Warehouse stock 倉庫存貨

Warehouse to warehouse clause(W/W clause)“倉至倉”條款 Warf-owner’s liability 碼頭主責(zé)任 Warning marks 警告性標(biāo)志

Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年華沙—牛津規(guī)則 Waterproof packaging 防雨包裝 Weather working days 晴天工作日

Weather working days of 24 consecutive hours 連續(xù)24小時(shí)晴天工作日 Weather working days of 24 hours 24小時(shí)晴天工作日 Weight certificate 重量證書 Weight list 重量單 Weight memo.磅碼單 Weight note 重量單 Weight ton(W/T)重量噸

Winter load line 冬季載重線

Winter north Atlantic load line 北大西洋冬季載重線 With average(W.A)水漬險(xiǎn)

With particular average(W.P.A)水漬險(xiǎn) With recourse credit 有追索權(quán)信用證 Withdraw 撤回

Without engagement 不受約束 Without recourse 不受追索

Without recourse credit 無追索權(quán)信用證 Wooden cakes 木桶 Wooden cases 木箱 Working days 工作日 Written statement 書面聲明 Y York-Antwerp Rules 約克.安特衛(wèi)普(共同海損理算規(guī)則)

第二篇：商場商業(yè)術(shù)語營銷術(shù)語

商場商業(yè)術(shù)語營銷術(shù)語大全（不斷更新）商場商業(yè)術(shù)語營銷術(shù)語大全

1、返券：即在促銷活動(dòng)期間內(nèi)，購物滿一定金額贈(zèng)送不同或相同金額的抵用券，如滿500元返20元券。

2、折扣：折扣是一種最常見、也最容易操作的促銷方式。即全場商品或部分商品進(jìn)行不同程度的折扣銷售。

3、特價(jià)：即限定某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)某些商品執(zhí)行特價(jià)銷售，超出時(shí)間自動(dòng)恢復(fù)，一般建議在客流比較少的時(shí)段做，這樣可以拉平賣場人氣。

4、限定條件優(yōu)惠：如，限會(huì)員購買優(yōu)惠或會(huì)員達(dá)到一定消費(fèi)積分時(shí)優(yōu)惠，還有買購多少額度優(yōu)惠或返利。

5、限總量優(yōu)惠：即在優(yōu)惠的商品出售夠一定數(shù)量時(shí)，特價(jià)終止，恢復(fù)原價(jià)銷售。

6、限客單量優(yōu)惠：即限定每客最多購買特價(jià)商品的數(shù)量，若超過限量則超過的部分按原價(jià)銷售計(jì)算。

7、購買超過一定量優(yōu)惠：即某個(gè)單品一次購買超過幾個(gè)，就按設(shè)定的優(yōu)惠價(jià)計(jì)算銷售。

8、商品碰頭分組促銷：此項(xiàng)促銷事先設(shè)定好分組的商品（必須是兩個(gè)單品），定好優(yōu)惠價(jià)格，只有消費(fèi)者在購買時(shí)，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間同時(shí)找到兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的單品時(shí)則按優(yōu)惠價(jià)銷售；此活動(dòng)一般適應(yīng)與賣場布局死角多的地方，將兩個(gè)分組商品放置在不同的區(qū)域，讓消費(fèi)者去尋找，以提升賣場動(dòng)線和消費(fèi)者購物的樂趣。

9、捆綁銷售：即將一些關(guān)聯(lián)性強(qiáng)的商品放在一起，并打包給予一定的優(yōu)惠進(jìn)行銷售。

10、消費(fèi)購買一定額度，可以購買超低價(jià)商品，如：購物滿50元可以1元錢買一斤色拉油等。

11、買贈(zèng)促銷：即買指定的東西送贈(zèng)品，還有買夠多少錢送不同的贈(zèng)品；贈(zèng)品可以是商品也可以是企業(yè)的廣告禮品（如：茶杯、圍君、廣告衫、廣告?zhèn)?、遮陽帽等）?/p>

12、有獎(jiǎng)銷售：即購物滿一定條件可以參加摸獎(jiǎng)或抽獎(jiǎng)活動(dòng)，主要是獎(jiǎng)品一定要豐富，并且有公眾吸引力。

13、商家聯(lián)盟促銷：即購物滿一定條件或消費(fèi)達(dá)到某種條件，可以提供消費(fèi)者到其他商家消費(fèi)的打折權(quán)利，比如：在超市買夠500元送餐飲或娛樂項(xiàng)目的贈(zèng)票或折扣券，或者在某餐飲或娛樂項(xiàng)目消費(fèi)單位滿多少元可以送超市的優(yōu)惠卡或折扣券。

14、購物送服務(wù)：購物滿一定條件可以免費(fèi)送貨、報(bào)銷車費(fèi)、代大掃除、免費(fèi)般移大件物品、免費(fèi)維修家具或電器和通訊工具等。

15、POP：POP是英文point of purchase的縮寫，意為“賣點(diǎn)廣告”,其主要商業(yè)用途是刺激引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)和活躍賣場氣氛。她的形式有戶外招牌，展板，櫥窗海報(bào)，店內(nèi)臺(tái)牌，價(jià)目表，吊旗，甚至是立體卡通模型等等。常用的POP為短期的促銷使用，其表現(xiàn)形式夸張幽默，色彩強(qiáng)烈，能有效地吸引顧客的視點(diǎn)喚起購買欲，她作為一種低價(jià)高效的廣告方式已被廣泛應(yīng)用。

16、零售：是一種交易形式,可定義為將商品或勞務(wù)直接出售給最終消費(fèi)者的銷售活動(dòng),也是向消費(fèi)者提供銷售商品的一種商業(yè)活動(dòng)環(huán)境,使消費(fèi)者從零售商店里獲得消費(fèi)品及其與消費(fèi)品有關(guān)的無形服務(wù)的滿足,它直接關(guān)系到居民的生活質(zhì)量和生活方式，是社會(huì)資源分配的一個(gè)重要階段--也是最后階段。

17、零售戰(zhàn)略：是零售商打算如何集中其資源來達(dá)成其目標(biāo)，確定其主要服務(wù)于哪些顧客和將提供什么樣的商品和服務(wù)，并建立和保持競爭優(yōu)勢的系統(tǒng)性謀劃。具體上它包括企業(yè)使命目標(biāo)，競爭對(duì)手分析，顧客的細(xì)分、定位，商店的選址，服務(wù)策略，與供貨商的關(guān)系，信息管理和分銷系統(tǒng)，低成本經(jīng)營，以及零售活動(dòng)組合等等。

18、商圈：是指零售店以其所在地點(diǎn)為中心，沿著一定的方向和距離擴(kuò)展，吸引顧客的輻射范圍，簡單的說，也就是來店顧客所居住的地理范圍。

19、全過程商品管理：是指一個(gè)零售商從分析顧客的需求入手，對(duì)商品組合、定價(jià)方法、促銷活動(dòng)，以及資金使用、庫存商品和其它經(jīng)營性指標(biāo)做出全面的分析和計(jì)劃，通過高效的運(yùn)營系統(tǒng)，保證在最佳的時(shí)間、將最合適的數(shù)量、按正確的價(jià)格向顧客提供商品，同時(shí)達(dá)到既定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指標(biāo)。

20、市場化經(jīng)營商場化管理：指采取“整體規(guī)劃、招租經(jīng)營、統(tǒng)一管理、自收自付”，各柜相對(duì)自主經(jīng)營，并以規(guī)范化的商場管理形成專業(yè)特色的經(jīng)營管理模式。

21、精細(xì)化管理：是以“精確、細(xì)致、深入、規(guī)范”為特點(diǎn)的全面化的管理模式。全面化是指精細(xì)化管理的思想和作風(fēng)貫徹到整個(gè)企業(yè)的所有管理活動(dòng)中。精細(xì)化管理包括：精細(xì)化的操作、精細(xì)化的控制、精細(xì)化的核算、精細(xì)化的分析、精細(xì)化的規(guī)劃。

22、購物中心交通規(guī)劃：購物中心交通規(guī)劃分為兩部分，一部分是周圍道路把交通引入購物中心，另一部分是購物中心自身用地范圍內(nèi)的交通組織和規(guī)劃，以及建筑內(nèi)部的人流組織。

23、購物中心的步行人流：購物中心的步行人流分為兩種：一種是從停車場到購物中心的運(yùn)動(dòng)；另一種是從購物中心到購物中心的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

第三篇：熱門商業(yè)術(shù)語中英文對(duì)照

熱門商業(yè)術(shù)語中英文對(duì)照

outbound travel：出境游

Outbound travel by Chinese citizens started in 1997 with destinations consisting merely of Thailand，Singapore，Malaysia，the Philippines as well as China’s Hong Kong and Macao.Only 5.32 million Chinese citizens traveled abroad the same year，the official said.assembly line：裝配線

Airbus agreed with Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday to study the possibility of setting up an assembly line in China —— a move that could see its jets being built outside Europe for the first time.attrition：人員自然縮減

Wagoner said the job cuts will come primarily through attrition and early-retirement packages to mitigate the impact on workers.money broker：貨幣經(jīng)紀(jì)人

China’s banking regulator on Friday published detailed rules for the implementation of provisions to manage money brokers.blockbuster：巨片、大片

Hong Kong blockbusters swept the major prizes of Taiwan’s 42nd Golden Horse Film Awards，considered one of the top awards events of the Chinese-language film industry.smooth over：消除

The accord is aimed at smoothing over a rough spot in the US-China trade relationship before President George Bush visits Beijing in the middle of this month.reshuffle：改組；調(diào)整

A financial reshuffle by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China，which was transformed into a joint stock company，is more or less finished.severence pay：解雇金

“Laying of workers is a tough decision to make because of the strong relation witth workers and the high severance pay，” he said.cutoff point：起征點(diǎn)

China’s monthly personal income tax cutoff point was lifted to 1，600 yuan from 1，500 yuan after drawing on public opinions from the first-ever legislature hearing held on Sept.27.write off：勾銷債款

Reform measures，including 2 billion yuan（US$246 million）in central bank bills to help write off bad loans as well as efforts to improve management，have already yielded results.upstart：暴發(fā)戶；新貴

Facing intense competition both from global rivals like General Motors Corp.and domestic upstarts like Chery Automobile Co.，VW has seen its market share drop to 18 percent，from well over 50 percent in the 1990s.buy into：買入股票

Once finalized，the deal would mark the European firm’s first direct investment in China’s banking industry，after it lost a bid to buy into Bank of Beijing in March to Dutch rival ING and the World Bank’s International Finance Corp.liquidator：清算人

Stephen Liu Yiu-keung and Yeo Boon-ann have been appointed as joint liquidatorsof the company，to implement the transactions outlined in the Settlement Deed.brisk：興旺的；生機(jī)勃勃的It is estimated that the sales volume of gold and jewelry during the week-long holiday saw a year-on-year increase of around 35 percent as business was brisk throughout the country

at a discount：打折扣

The valuation is at a discount to the country’s number-five lender，Bank of Communications（BoCom），whose shares trade at about 2.2 times book.peak season：高峰期

The first and last three days will be thepeak season of the National Day holiday.The aviation industry has entered into high season，with 400，000 passengers transporting everyday and load factor is close to 75 percent.headcount：職員總數(shù)

“These headcount reductions are indispensable.They will contribute to significant improvements in the competitiveness of Mercedes-Benz through an increase in productivity，” the company said.bow out：由…退出

Dozens of MP3 player manufacturers in Shenzhen are bowing outas fierce competition has severely squeezed their profit margins.market maker：做市商

The People’s Bank of China may name banks including HSBC Holdings Plc.，Citigroup Inc.and Bank of China as market makers in the yuan，a step toward a freely traded currency，bankers and traders familiar with the situation said.tone up：增加

“These firms make a decisive contribution to job creation.Our aim is to liberate their massive potential to improve competitiveness，tone up employment，boost economic growth and encourage social cohesion，” Sioufas said.gyration：波動(dòng)

Disruptions to oil and gas supplies may add to energy price gyrations，they said.wean off：使脫離

China’s central bank pledged Monday to keep the newly unshackled yuan basically stable but urged fresh efforts to wean the economy off export-driven growth.curb：抑制；控制

The physical and psychological damage caused by Hurricane Katrina is likely to reverberate across the global economy in ways that will curb growth well into 2006，economists say.perk up：振作起來

There were no significant changes from prior quarters，and SupportSoft met revenue estimates.During the conference call，however，management raised an issue that made my ears perk up.cap：限制

In an effort to gain some control over what motorists pay at the pump，Hawaii on Wednesday became the first state in the U.S.to set caps on the wholesale price of gasoline.mortgage：抵押貸款

Rates on 30-year mortgages declined this week after posting increases for six consecutive weeks.proceeds：收益

The Internet search leader said it will use the proceeds for “general corporate purposes，” including possible acquisitions.Google added that it currently has no agreements or commitments to make a material purchase.downturn：衰退

“Six weeks after the July 7 attacks killed 56 people，including four suicide bombers，the Greater London

Authority（GLA）accepts there has been some downturn，”the economic daily reported.inflation ：通貨膨脹

Consumer inflation shot up in July as rising gasoline prices pinched drivers’ wallets from coast to coast.Initial public offering：公開募股

Now the startup founded by two Chinese veterans of American tech firms is preparing to follow Google’s example with an initial public offering in the United States，hoping to raise $45 million.Skew：曲解；歪曲

However，that comparison is skewed because the sale of IBM’s personal computer division to China’s Lenovo Group Ltd.closed on May 1，lowering the figures IBM posted in the remaining two months of the quarter.Looking only at continuing operations，IBM showed a profit of $1.85 billion，$1.14 per share.Population：種群，族群

“There are clear differences between the two populations that had not been previously recognized and these were confirmed by the studies on DNA，” said Isabel Beasley，a doctoral student at James Cook University’s School of Tropical Environmental Studies and Geography.Unionized：工會(huì)組織的But aside from giving interns valuable experience，the program is a relatively cheap source of labor for Disney and sometimes worries the unionized workers，although union officials approved the program when it began almost 25 years ago.Same-store sales：同店銷售額

Wal-Mart Stores Inc.raised its forecast for June same-store sales，citing demand for seasonal and general merchandise.Threshold：上限，極限

With $60 no longer a thresholdprices appeared set to go even higher，analysts said.Big-ticket：高價(jià)的，昂貴的Entrepreneurs grumble that executives pander to big-ticket electronics vendors and industrial manufacturersa symbolic gesture，analysts said，since the cartel is already pumping that much.Including Iraq，which is not bound by the official quota，OPEC’s daily output was 29.3 million barrels a day in May，according to the International Energy Agency.Newswire：新聞專線

The April figure was also better than the 4.5 percent forecast by economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires.Happy Hour：歡樂時(shí)光

Beer-swilling Britons face a sobering prospect： an unhappy hour.A group representing about half the country’s pubs and bars said Monday it is curbing Happy Hour offers and other deals that encourage irresponsible drinking，a British pastime that has come under increasing attack from the government.Bear out：證實(shí)

Scientists are excited about a vitamin again.But unlike fads that sizzled and fizzled，the evidence this time is strong and keeps growing.If it bears out，it will challenge one of medicine’s most fundamental beliefs： that

people need to coat themselves with sunscreen whenever they’re in the sun.Doing that may actually contribute to far more cancer deaths than it prevents，some researchers think.Stitch：縫合，縫綴

The goal of the merger is to stitch together two geographically distinct carriers wih a history of financial struggles into a stronger airline that would compete better with lower-cost rivals such as Southwest Airlines Inc.and JetBlue Airways Corp.US Airways has a strong presence on the East Coast，and in the Caribbean，while America West operates across the West from hubs in Phoenix and Las Vegas.Out-of-state：外州的Wine lovers can’t be barred from shipping home bottles purchased from out-of-state vineyards they visit in person or on the Internet，the Supreme Court said Monday in a decision toasted by the wine industry.Shade：細(xì)微差別

Disney’s profit of $698 million，or 33 cents a share，was a shade above Wall Street estimates and contrasts with the $537 million，or 26 cents，it earned a year earlier.Revenue in the period ended April 2 climbed 9% to $7.8 billion.Ratification：批準(zhǔn)，承認(rèn)

Bahrain has its own agreement awaiting U.S.Congress ratification.Two other members of the six-state Gulf Cooperation Council —— Oman and the United Arab Emirates —— have started talks on free trade deals with the U.S.Repellent：驅(qū)蟲劑

After years of promoting the chemical DEET as the best defense against West Nile-bearing mosquitoes，the government for the first time is recommending the use of two other insect repellents.Thriller：驚悚片

Nicole Kidman and Sean Penn’s “The Interpreter” translated into solid box-office as the United Nations thriller debuted with $22.8 million to top the weekend for Hollywood.Peck：啄，輕吻

The “MareNostrum，” built by IBM Corp.，boasts 40 teraflops of speed.It can make more calculations in one second than a human pecking at a calculator could make in 10 million years.Buyout：全部買下

Shares in Lenovo Group，the largest Chinese maker of personal computers，rose Thursday after three buyout funds bought a stake in the company for $350 million.Oust：驅(qū)逐，罷黜

Mr Hurd，currently head of smaller US computer services group NCR，will replace Carly Fiorina，who was ousted from HP in February.HP’s shares closed up 8.1% in Tuesday trading in New York，following initial speculation of Mr Hurd’s appointment.Realism：真實(shí)性，逼真度

A judge has ordered Sony Corp.to pay $90.7 million to a company that develops technology that enhances video game realism but immediately stayed an order that would halt U.S.sales of Sony’s popular PlayStation consoles.Epizootic：家畜流行病

The report said the State Emergency Veterinary and Anti-Epizootic Committee was working on the problem，reporting outbreaks in “a few” locations，including the Hadang Chicken Farm，one of Pyongyang’s largest.Capsize：傾覆

Bernard Ebbers，the once-swaggering CEO of WorldCom，was convicted Tuesday of engineering the largest corporate fraud in U.S.historyfor the first million sold-a copy of the “Spider-Man 2” movie on the new Universal Media Disc format that Sony designed for the PSP.Shoot up：暴漲，迅速生長

Shares in Google jumped 9 percent to a record high after the company reported net income shot up more than seven times from a year earlier，beating estimates by a wide margin.Holidaymaker：度假者

The devastating tsunami that wiped out cities，seaside communities and holiday resorts in southern Asia has not put holidaymakers off visiting the region，a survey has found.Get an edge：取勝

When it comes to recruiting students for college，admissions officials are turning to increasingly outlandish stunts to get the attention of high schoolers.Birthday cards，ski weekends and even reality TV shows are being used by colleges and universities to get an edge.Shirtsleeve：只穿襯衣的，非正式的Hiring the shirtsleeve crowd represents a shift in the economy toward higher-paying jobs and a more skilled workforce.It also indicates that some companies that squeezed their middle managements four years ago are starting to rebuild them.

第四篇：術(shù)語

IPO

全稱Initial public offerings(首次公開募股），是指某公司（股份有限公司或有限責(zé)任公司）首次向社會(huì)公眾公開招股的發(fā)行方式。有限責(zé)任公司IPO后會(huì)成為股份有限公司。

首次公開招股是指一家私人企業(yè)第一次將它的股份向公眾出售。通常，上市公司的股份是根據(jù)向相應(yīng)證券會(huì)出具的招股書或登記聲明中約定的條款通過經(jīng)紀(jì)商或做市商進(jìn)行銷售。一般來說，一旦首次公開上市完成后，這家公司就可以申請到證券交易所或報(bào)價(jià)系統(tǒng)掛牌交易。

量化寬松

量化寬松是一貨幣政策，由中央銀行通過公開市場操作以提高貨幣供應(yīng)，可視之為“無中生有”創(chuàng)造出指定金額的貨幣，也被簡化地形容為間接增印鈔票。其操作是中央銀行通過公開市場操作購入證券等，使銀行在央行開設(shè)的結(jié)算戶口內(nèi)的資金增加，為銀行體系注入新的流通性。

“量化寬松”中的“量化”指將會(huì)創(chuàng)造指定金額的貨幣，而“寬松”則指減低銀行的資金壓力。[2]中央銀行利用憑空創(chuàng)造出來的錢在公開市場購買政府債券、借錢給接受存款機(jī)構(gòu)、從銀行購買資產(chǎn)等。這些都有助降低政府債券的收益率和降低銀行同業(yè)隔夜利率，銀行從而坐擁大量只能賺取極低利息的資產(chǎn)，央行期望銀行會(huì)因此較愿意提供貸款以賺取回報(bào)，以紓緩市場的資金壓力。

當(dāng)銀根已經(jīng)松動(dòng)，或購買的資產(chǎn)將隨著通脹而貶值（如國庫債券）時(shí)，量化寬松會(huì)使貨幣傾向貶值。由于量化寬松有可能增加貨幣貶值的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，政府通常在經(jīng)歷通縮時(shí)推出量化寬松的措施。而持續(xù)的量化寬松則會(huì)增加通脹的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

什么是ST股票/*ST票？

滬深證券交易所在1998年4月22日宣布，根據(jù)1998年實(shí)施的股票上市規(guī)則，將對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)狀況或其它狀況出現(xiàn)異常的上市公司的股票交易進(jìn)行特別處理。

ST股是指境內(nèi)上市公司連續(xù)二年虧損，被進(jìn)行特別處理的股票。*ST股是指境內(nèi)上市公司連續(xù)三年虧損的股票。

由于 “特別處理”的英文是Special treatment（縮寫是“ST”），因此這些股票就簡稱為ST股。

財(cái)務(wù)狀況異常指:

1、最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)的審計(jì)結(jié)果顯示股東權(quán)益為負(fù)值；扣除非經(jīng)常性損益后的凈利潤為負(fù)值

2、最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)的審計(jì)結(jié)果顯示其股東權(quán)益低于注冊資本,即每股凈資產(chǎn)低于股票面值；

3、注冊會(huì)計(jì)師對(duì)最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告出具無法表示意見或否定意見的審計(jì)報(bào)告；

4、最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)經(jīng)審計(jì)的股東權(quán)益扣除注冊會(huì)計(jì)師、有關(guān)部門不予確認(rèn)的部分,低于注冊資本；

5、最近一份經(jīng)審計(jì)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告對(duì)上利潤進(jìn)行調(diào)整,導(dǎo)致連續(xù)一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)虧損；

6、經(jīng)交易所或中國證監(jiān)會(huì)認(rèn)定為財(cái)務(wù)狀況異常的。

其他異常狀況指:

1、由于自然災(zāi)害、重大事故等導(dǎo)致上市公司主要經(jīng)營設(shè)施遭受損失,公司生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)基本中止,在三個(gè)月以內(nèi)不能恢復(fù)的；

2、公司涉及負(fù)有賠償責(zé)任的訴訟或仲裁案件,按照法院或仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)的法律文書,賠償金額累計(jì)超過上市公司最近經(jīng)審計(jì)的凈資產(chǎn)值的50%的；

3、公司主要銀行賬號(hào)被凍結(jié),影響上市公司正常經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的；

4、公司出現(xiàn)其他異常情況,董事會(huì)認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)股票交易實(shí)行特別處理的；

5、人民法院受理公司破產(chǎn)案件,可能依法宣告上市公司破產(chǎn)的；

6、公司董事會(huì)無法正常召開會(huì)議并形成董事會(huì)決議的；

7、公司的主要債務(wù)人被法院宣告進(jìn)入破產(chǎn)程序,而公司相應(yīng)債權(quán)未能計(jì)提足額壞賬準(zhǔn)備,公司面臨重大財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的；

8、中國證監(jiān)會(huì)或交易所認(rèn)定為狀況異常的其他情形。

在上市公司的股票交易被實(shí)行特別處理期間，其股票交易應(yīng)遵循下列規(guī)則：

（1）股票報(bào)價(jià)日漲跌幅限制為5％；

（2）股票名稱改為原股票名前加“ST”，例如“ST銀廣夏（000557）”；（3）上市公司的中期報(bào)告必須審計(jì)。股票中 SST、*ST *ST---公司經(jīng)營連續(xù)三年虧損，退市預(yù)警。ST----公司經(jīng)營連續(xù)二年虧損，特別處理。

S*ST--公司經(jīng)營連續(xù)三年虧損，退市預(yù)警 還沒有完成股改。SST---公司經(jīng)營連續(xù)二年虧損，特別處理 還沒有完成股改。S----還沒有完成股改

*ST類股票想要摘掉*ST帽子必須全部符合如下條件：

1、并非連續(xù)兩年年報(bào)虧損（包括對(duì)以前年報(bào)進(jìn)行的追溯調(diào)整），從現(xiàn)有ST的情況看，2006年年報(bào)必須盈利；

2、最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)的股東權(quán)益為正值，即每股凈資產(chǎn)為正值，新規(guī)定不再要求每股凈資產(chǎn)必須超過1元；

3、最新年報(bào)表明公司主營業(yè)務(wù)正常運(yùn)營，扣除非經(jīng)常性損益后的凈利潤為正值，因此不能只看每股收益數(shù)據(jù)，還要看扣除非經(jīng)常性損益后的每股收益；

4、最近一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告沒有被會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所出具無法表示意見或否定意見的審計(jì)報(bào)告；

5、沒有重大會(huì)計(jì)差錯(cuò)和虛假陳述，未在證監(jiān)會(huì)責(zé)令整改期限內(nèi)；

6、沒有重大事件導(dǎo)致公司生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營受嚴(yán)重影響的情況、主要銀行賬號(hào)未被凍結(jié)、沒有被解散或破產(chǎn)等交易所認(rèn)定的情形。

若想一步到位摘掉*ST帽子，恢復(fù)10%的漲跌交易制度，在硬指標(biāo)上必須是年報(bào)的每股收益、扣除非經(jīng)常性損益后的每股收益以及每股凈資產(chǎn)三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)同時(shí)為正值，才有提出摘帽的資格，交易所有權(quán)根據(jù)各家公司的具體情況來決定是否批準(zhǔn)。

QFII

（Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors）合格的境外機(jī)構(gòu)投資者的簡稱，QFII機(jī)制是指外國專業(yè)投資機(jī)構(gòu)到境內(nèi)投資的資格認(rèn)定制度。QDII

是Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors（合格境內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)投資者）的英文首個(gè)字母縮寫。是指在人民幣資本項(xiàng)下不可兌換、資本市場未開放條件下，在一國境內(nèi)設(shè)立，經(jīng)該國有關(guān)部門批準(zhǔn)，有控制地,允許境內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)投資境外資本市場的股票、債券等有價(jià)證券投資業(yè)務(wù)的一項(xiàng)制度安排。

市盈率

指在一個(gè)考察期（通常為12個(gè)月的時(shí)間）內(nèi)，股票的價(jià)格和每股收益的比例。

市凈率

指的是每股股價(jià)與每股凈資產(chǎn)的比率。

市凈率多少合適?這就要看什么市場了.牛市可以放寬.熊市會(huì)降低.目前香港,美國等成熟市場的銀行股的市凈率在2-3倍.而我們的民生銀行是6.5倍,招商是5倍.因?yàn)槲覀兪桥Ｊ?所以銀行股超過5倍也不能簡單就說它是泡末.比如工商銀行06年上市時(shí)凈資產(chǎn)是0.9,現(xiàn)在是1.45,當(dāng)然這里面有沒有做假帳就不說了.說明牛市里股票的成長性很高..上市公司的贏利增長很快,否則就不會(huì)構(gòu)成牛市了..象中信證券,市凈率超過10倍,但依然在今年的下半年還會(huì)上漲.凈資產(chǎn)收益率

又稱股東權(quán)益收益率，是凈利潤與平均股東權(quán)益的百分比，是公司稅后利潤除以凈資產(chǎn)得到的百分比率，該指標(biāo)反映股東權(quán)益的收益水平，用以衡量公司運(yùn)用自有資本的效率。指標(biāo)值越高，說明投資帶來的收益越高。

私募 按投資標(biāo)的分有私募證券基金、私募股權(quán)投資基金（PE）、私募風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資基金（VC）。目前國內(nèi)典型的私募證券基金有武當(dāng)資產(chǎn)、廣東新價(jià)值、赤子之心、尚雅投資、星石投資等，典型的PE有KKR基金、凱雷基金、紅衫資本、鼎輝投資，典型的VC有李開復(fù)的創(chuàng)新工場，軟銀賽富、聯(lián)想投資、IDG等。

陽光私募

專指私募證券投資基金這一塊，因?yàn)樗槐粐曳烧J(rèn)同，即武當(dāng)資產(chǎn)、新價(jià)值、尚雅都是“灰色”系公司，而KKR、紅衫資本或IDG都是有牌照的，能夠按注冊范圍做股權(quán)投資或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。

那武當(dāng)資產(chǎn)、星石等私募證券基金如何規(guī)避法律，披上合法的外衣呢？答案是借道信托公司，使自己“陽光化”。它們從信托公司那兒買一個(gè)證券投資信托計(jì)劃賬戶，表面上資產(chǎn)管理人是信托公司，而實(shí)際操作人是私募，投資者的錢是存放在信托公司證券投資信托計(jì)劃的一個(gè)指定賬戶，與私募資產(chǎn)隔離；定期公開基金凈值收益，操作具有規(guī)范性、合法性，所以我們常常見到深國投（星石）、中融（赤子之心）這樣的信托計(jì)劃。通過信托公司渠道，私募的投資計(jì)劃、預(yù)期收益率、資金存放都陽光化了，這樣的私募即叫做陽光私募。仍然是傳統(tǒng)模式的，向熟人募集，資金存放于私募賬戶，這樣的私募即是不陽光的私募，是非法的。

第五篇：術(shù)語

術(shù)語、代號(hào) 2.1 術(shù) 語

2.1.1 低壓 low voltage 交流額定電壓在1kV及以下的電壓。2.1.2 高壓 high voltage 交流額定電壓在1kV以上的電壓。

2.1.3 外電線路 external circuit 施工現(xiàn)場臨時(shí)用電工程配電線路以外的電力線路。

2.1.4 有靜電的施工現(xiàn)場 construction site with electrostatic field 存在因摩擦、擠壓、感應(yīng)和接地不良等而產(chǎn)生對(duì)人體和環(huán)境有害靜電的施工現(xiàn)場。2.1.5 強(qiáng)電磁波源 source of powerful electromagnetic wave 輻射波能夠在施工現(xiàn)場機(jī)械設(shè)備上感應(yīng)產(chǎn)生有害對(duì)地電壓的電磁輻射體。2.1.6 接地 ground connection 設(shè)備的一部分為形成導(dǎo)電通路與大地的連接。

2.1.7 工作接地 working ground connection 為了電路或設(shè)備達(dá)到運(yùn)行要求的接地，如變壓器低壓中性點(diǎn)和發(fā)電機(jī)中性點(diǎn)的接地。2.1.8 重復(fù)接地 iterative ground connection 設(shè)備接地線上一處或多處通過接地裝置與大地再次連接的接地。2.1.9 接地體 earth lead 埋人地中并直接與大地接觸的金屬導(dǎo)體。2.1.10 人工接地體 manual grounding 人工埋入地中的接地體。

2.1.11 自然接地體 natural grounding 施工前已埋入地中，可兼作接地體用的各種構(gòu)件，如鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)的鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)、金屬井管、金屬管道(非燃?xì)?等。

2.1.12 接地線 ground line 連接設(shè)備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)和接地體的金屬導(dǎo)體(包括連接螺栓)。2.1.13 接地裝置 grounding device 接地體和接地線的總和。

2.1.14 接地電阻 ground resistance 接地裝置的對(duì)地電阻。它是接地線電阻、接地體電阻、接地體與土壤之間的接觸電阻和土壤中的散流電阻之和。

接地電阻可以通過計(jì)算或測量得到它的近似值，其值等于接地裝置對(duì)地電壓與通過接地裝置流人地中電流之比。

2.1.15 工頻接地電阻 power frequency ground resistance 按通過接地裝置流人地中工頻電流求得的接地電阻。

2.1.16 沖擊接地電阻 shock ground resistance 按通過接地裝置流人地中沖擊電流(模擬雷電流)求得的接地電阻。2.1.17 電氣連接 electric connect 導(dǎo)體與導(dǎo)體之間直接提供電氣通路的連接(接觸電阻近于零)。

2.1.18 帶電部分 live-part 正常使用時(shí)要被通電的導(dǎo)體或可導(dǎo)電部分，它包括中性導(dǎo)體(中性線)，不包括保護(hù)導(dǎo)體(保護(hù)零線或保護(hù)線)，按慣例也不包括工作零線與保護(hù)零線合一的導(dǎo)線(導(dǎo)體)。2.1.19 外露可導(dǎo)電部分 exposed conductive part 電氣設(shè)備的能觸及的可導(dǎo)電部分。它在正常情況下不帶電，但在故障情況下可能帶電。2.1.20 觸電(電擊)electric shock 電流流經(jīng)人體或動(dòng)物體，使其產(chǎn)生病理生理效應(yīng)。2.1.21 直接接觸 direct conact 人體、牲畜與帶電部分的接觸。

2.1.22 間接接觸 indirect contact 人體、牲畜與故障情況下變?yōu)閹щ婓w的外露可導(dǎo)電部分的接觸。

2.1.23 配電箱 distribution box 一種專門用作分配電力的配電裝置，包括總配電箱和分配電箱，如無特指，總配電箱、分配電箱合稱配電箱。

2.1.24 開關(guān)箱 switch box 末級(jí)配電裝置的通稱，亦可兼作用電設(shè)備的控制裝置。

2.1.25 隔離變壓器 isolating transformer 指輸入繞組與輸出繞組在電氣上彼此隔離的變壓器，用以避免偶然同時(shí)觸及帶電體(或因絕緣損壞而可能帶電的金屬部件)和大地所帶來的危險(xiǎn)。

2.1.26 安全隔離變壓器 safety isolating transformer 為安全特低電壓電路提供電源的隔離變壓器。它的輸入繞組與輸出繞組在電氣2：55少由相當(dāng)于雙重絕緣或加強(qiáng)絕緣的絕緣隔離開來。它是專門為配電電路、工具或其他設(shè)備提供安全特低電壓而設(shè)計(jì)的。

2.2 代 號(hào)

2.2.1 DK——電源隔離開關(guān)； 2.2.2 H——照明器；

2.2.3 L1、L2、L3——三相電路的三相相線； 2.2.4 M——電動(dòng)機(jī)；

2.2.5 N——中性點(diǎn)，中性線，工作零線；

2.2.6 NPE——具有中性和保護(hù)線兩種功能的接地線，又稱保護(hù)中性線； 2.2.7 PE——保護(hù)零線，保護(hù)線； 2.2.8 RCD——漏電保護(hù)器，漏電斷路器； 2.2.9 T——變壓器；

2.2.10 TN——電源中性點(diǎn)直接接地時(shí)電氣設(shè)備外露可導(dǎo)電部分通過零線接地的接零保護(hù)系統(tǒng)；

2.2.11 TN-C----作零線與保護(hù)零線合一設(shè)置的接零保護(hù)系統(tǒng)；

2.2.12 TN-C-S----工作零線與保護(hù)零線前一部分合一，后一部分分開設(shè)置的接零保護(hù)系統(tǒng)；

2.2.13 TN-S----工作零線與保護(hù)零線分開設(shè)置的接零保護(hù)系統(tǒng)；

2.2.14 TT——電源中性點(diǎn)直接接地，電氣設(shè)備外露可導(dǎo)電部分直接接地的接地保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，其中電氣設(shè)備的接地點(diǎn)獨(dú)立于電源中性點(diǎn)接地點(diǎn)； 2.2.15 W——電焊機(jī)。

西山農(nóng)牧場黨委按照兵、師黨委“三化”建設(shè)的要求，帶領(lǐng)廣大干部職工調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)、團(tuán)場增效、職工增收等項(xiàng)工作成效顯著。特別是烽火臺(tái)小鎮(zhèn)的建設(shè)發(fā)展很有特色，不但驗(yàn)證了“三化”建設(shè)給基層團(tuán)場帶來的變化，也為兵團(tuán)怎樣加快團(tuán)場“三化”建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展和長治久安，樹立了榜樣。通過保障性住房建設(shè)，加快基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推動(dòng)連隊(duì)整合工作，大幅改善團(tuán)場連隊(duì)職工群眾的生產(chǎn)生活條件，讓各族職工群眾共享改革發(fā)展成果，過上現(xiàn)代城市的文明生活。

場黨委于2011年提出了“一鎮(zhèn)兩區(qū)，南農(nóng)北工中花園”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，由此拉開了西山農(nóng)牧場大發(fā)展的序幕。

調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)思路一變天地寬

“一鎮(zhèn)兩區(qū)，南農(nóng)北工中花園”戰(zhàn)略可謂是一把打開西山農(nóng)牧場發(fā)展大門的金鑰匙。

2012年至今，西山農(nóng)牧場借助城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)和連隊(duì)整合機(jī)遇，投資5.7億元以BT模式建成28萬平方米的保障性住房一大批職工住進(jìn)了寬敞明亮、設(shè)施齊全、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的樓房。在加大保障性住房建設(shè)的同時(shí)，農(nóng)場還積極探索創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理模式，不斷完善社區(qū)服務(wù)功能，加大社區(qū)文化建設(shè)，提升社區(qū)服務(wù)水平，讓更多的職工群眾過起了和城里人一樣的幸福生活。

這兩年，西山農(nóng)牧場從職工群眾最急、最難的事情做起，傾斜財(cái)力、傾斜政策、傾斜資源，用于改善職工群眾生活和社會(huì)公共事業(yè)建設(shè)。農(nóng)場還想方設(shè)法完善教育、養(yǎng)老、交通等管長遠(yuǎn)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，力爭在解決職工群眾反映最強(qiáng)烈、要求最迫切的民生問題上取得突破性進(jìn)展。2012年至今，西山農(nóng)牧場已累計(jì)投入10.09億元加強(qiáng)民生建設(shè)。一系列民生工程的實(shí)施，讓職工群眾得到了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來的更多實(shí)惠，極大地提升了職工群眾的幸福指數(shù)

志。

熱力公司把深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)作為解決實(shí)際問題、推進(jìn)實(shí)際工作的重大契機(jī)，把整改工作貫穿于活動(dòng)開展的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，認(rèn)真開展批評(píng)與自我批評(píng)，深入查擺問題，對(duì)收費(fèi)人員存在服務(wù)態(tài)度差，負(fù)責(zé)維修人員

堅(jiān)持即知即改、立行立改，深入查找脫離群眾、服務(wù)群眾不到位、侵害群眾利益等方面的具體問題、具體表現(xiàn)，深刻剖析問題根源，結(jié)合工作實(shí)際和群眾需求，制定專項(xiàng)整治措施，明確整治工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、階段性目標(biāo)、進(jìn)度要求、保障措施、責(zé)任部門和責(zé)任人，認(rèn)真做好落實(shí)

施工現(xiàn)場的洞、坑、井架、升降口、漏斗等危險(xiǎn)處，應(yīng)有防護(hù)措施并有明顯標(biāo)

“抬頭，挺胸，收腹??”6月20日下午，當(dāng)記者走進(jìn)位于烏魯木齊水磨溝區(qū)的兵團(tuán)民兵駐地時(shí)，一隊(duì)民兵正在一位青年教官的指揮下，進(jìn)行軍姿訓(xùn)練。這位年輕的教官名叫王德財(cái)，是西山農(nóng)牧場聯(lián)防隊(duì)的一員。

5月18日，王德財(cái)與同是西山農(nóng)牧場職工的戀人虎梅結(jié)束了愛情長跑，攜手步入了婚姻的殿堂。

5月23日，剛從岳父岳母家回來的王德財(cái)正和妻子商量著去北海度蜜月時(shí)，團(tuán)場打來的一個(gè)電話打亂了二人的計(jì)劃。電話中，團(tuán)場領(lǐng)導(dǎo)告知王德財(cái)前往團(tuán)部緊急集合，去烏魯木齊執(zhí)行維穩(wěn)任務(wù)。

“為什么非要你去，你不是正在休婚假嗎？我們結(jié)婚才4 天??！”電話旁的虎梅情緒激動(dòng)地說。

“團(tuán)場這時(shí)候打電話給我，肯定是這次任務(wù)需要我，婚假可以補(bǔ)休，但任務(wù)卻不等人，這種關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻我怎么能掉鏈子？別忘了，我們是兵團(tuán)職工?！避娙顺錾淼耐醯仑?cái)雖然心中也舍不下新婚妻子，但還是告訴團(tuán)場領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自己馬上就去報(bào)到，并不斷給妻子做工作。

“你去吧，在外面一定要注意安全，我不在身邊要照顧好自己?！弊罱K，在王德財(cái)?shù)哪托膭裾f下，虎梅漸漸平復(fù)了情緒。王德財(cái)簡單收拾了一下行李，就在妻子依依不舍的淚光中邁出了家門，一路小跑前往團(tuán)部報(bào)到。

來到烏魯木齊后，每天執(zhí)勤任務(wù)一結(jié)束，王德財(cái)總是會(huì)第一時(shí)間撥通妻子的電話，這也成了他一天中最幸福的時(shí)光。電話中最簡單的問候，也成了兩人最甜蜜的情話。

6月1日，虎梅來到駐地看望丈夫，看到才離開一周的丈夫，臉也曬黑了，人也累瘦了，虎梅的眼淚簌簌直流，拉著妻子的手，王德財(cái)?shù)难壑幸卜浩鹆藴I光。“回家等我，任務(wù)一結(jié)束我就回去。”王德財(cái)對(duì)妻子說。

談及妻子，王德財(cái)心里充滿了愧疚，“這次真的委屈她了，等任務(wù)結(jié)束了，我要給她買一束她最喜歡的玫瑰花，然后帶她去旅游，算是對(duì)她的補(bǔ)償吧?！蓖醯仑?cái)說。

但是談及參加此次執(zhí)勤任務(wù)，王德財(cái)毫不后悔?！?和兵團(tuán)先輩們當(dāng)年的犧牲與奉獻(xiàn)相比，我們的這點(diǎn)付出真的不算什么?！蓖醯仑?cái)說。

武警新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)指揮部七支隊(duì)攜手西山農(nóng)牧場開展慶“八一”警民聯(lián)誼晚會(huì)

兵團(tuán)新聞網(wǎng)烏魯木齊7月31日電（周強(qiáng)）為慶?！鞍艘弧苯ㄜ姽?jié)87周年武警新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)指揮部七支隊(duì)與西山農(nóng)牧場攜手在武警兵團(tuán)指揮部七支隊(duì)文化活動(dòng)中心，舉行了了以“強(qiáng)軍夢，魚水情”為主題的警民聯(lián)誼晚會(huì)。

整場晚會(huì)貫穿著歌頌軍民魚水情誼的主線，既精彩熱烈又樸實(shí)動(dòng)人。由武警官兵帶來的相聲《五彩的警營》、快板《特勤人》、歌舞《黑走馬》等節(jié)目大氣磅礴，展現(xiàn)了軍人的颯爽英姿和報(bào)效祖國的青春熱忱；由西山農(nóng)牧場職工帶來的歌曲《什么都也說》、舞蹈《格?；ā?、小品《最美志愿者》等歌頌了軍民之間的魚水親情。七支隊(duì)的武警官兵民在歡聲笑語中迎接“八一”建軍節(jié)的到來。