第一篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀真題解析

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2018年可銳考研英語閱讀真題解析

（二）三、英學業(yè)間斷期

Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year and a misty look will come into their eyes.There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical.The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring;it is vicarious living.We all wish pre-university gap years had been the fashion in our day.We can see how much tougher our kids become;how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them.Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade.The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English.With this trend, however, comes a danger.Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would-be undergraduate’s progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies’ blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies’ umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning.That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation.“When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”

The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies.Kids don’t mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature.If the 18-year-old’s way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then that’s what will be productive for that person.The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks’ notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover.The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance.1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may_____.[A] help children to be prepared for disasters [B] receive all kinds of support from their 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

children

[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring [D] experience watching children grow up

2.According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] the popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.[B] Prince William was working hard during his gap year.[C] gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.[D] a well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.3.The word “packages” means_____.[A] parcels carried in travelling [B] a comprehensive set of activities

[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions

4.What can cause the disasters of gap years?

[A] Intervention of parents.[B] Careful planning.[C] Good health.[D] Realistic expectation.5.An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she_____.[A] lives up to his/her parents’ expectations [B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing

[C] learns skills by spending parents’ money [D] earns his or her living and gains working experience

答案：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D

核心詞匯和超綱詞匯

a gap year學業(yè)間斷的一年，間斷年

vicarious間接感受到的，如He got a ~ thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal

package包，盒，袋;一套東西，一套建議，一攬子交易，如a benefits ~一套福利措施an aid ~綜合援助計劃

backpack背包旅行 go ~ing 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

umbrella綜合體，總體，整體，如an ~ group/fund綜合團體/基金

fork out大量花錢，大把掏錢

slob懶惰而邋遢的人slob out/around游手好閑，無所事事

structure結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造;精心組織，周密安排，體系

dispatch派遣，調(diào)遣，派出;發(fā)出，發(fā)送

at short notice隨時，沒有提前很長時間通知，at two week’s notice提前兩周通知

hangover遺留的感覺，如the insecure feeling that was a ~ from her childhood

counterbalance抗衡，抵消;對??起平衡作用;平衡抵消物，抗衡

全文翻譯

與度過了新奇的學業(yè)間斷年的孩子的父母交談，他們的眼神中會有一種含糊不清的東西。這一年中有一些危機，即使是目的明確、很有條理的學生，在間斷年期間也需要家庭從經(jīng)濟上、情感上和體力上給予幫助。父母眼中的含糊不僅僅是因為讓他們的孩子成熟起來的美好經(jīng)歷，也是因為他們自己間接感受到的生活方式。我們都希望在我們那個時代大學前的間斷年就已經(jīng)很時興了。我們能看著孩子們變得更堅強，更好地準備從上大學中有所收獲或者積極地決定他們將做一些除了獲得學歷之外的事情。

學業(yè)間斷年現(xiàn)在很時興，這反映在提供它們的慈善團體和私人公司的數(shù)目呈巨額增長。威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情發(fā)揮了作用，但這種趨勢十年來一直在加強。學業(yè)間斷年期間的一整套活動從背包旅行開始，包括和慈善團體一起工作，修建醫(yī)院和學校，以及常見的做語言助教、教英語。然而，隨著這種趨勢而來的也有危險。一旦父母相信那些學業(yè)間斷年公司介紹的內(nèi)容，認為精心安排的一個間斷年對于想成為本科生的孩子進入更好的大學，獲得高學歷，得到令人印象深刻的簡歷和待遇良好的工作是至關(guān)重要的，那么他們就會開始組織并資助間斷年期間的活動。

按照學業(yè)間斷年公司綜合機構(gòu)“走出學業(yè)間斷年團體”的負責人理查德·奧利弗埃的觀點，出現(xiàn)問題往往是因為計劃不周。他說，“這可能是公司或?qū)W生的責任，但是最保險的方法是作好審慎的準備。當人們把它搞砸時，往往是因為健康問題，尤其是女孩，因為她們從未離開過家，或者期望與現(xiàn)實不符”。

學業(yè)間斷年的意義在于它應(yīng)該是離校生開始做自己喜歡做的事情的時候。如果由父母來決定孩子怎樣成熟，那么他們不會真地變成熟。如果18歲時變成熟的方式是在倫敦漢普斯泰德石南園中無所事事地曬太陽，或者花上一年時間和康沃爾郡的漁夫一起工作，那么對于另外一個人來說將是有所收獲的。然而，多數(shù)人卻認為進行某種安排是有利的，而且行動的安排者應(yīng)是學生自己?？射J教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

如果18歲的年輕人兩周前得到父母的通知，被派去加拿大花5,800英鎊學習成為一名滑雪教練，回來后可能只會留下很少的感覺。同樣的18歲的年輕人，先通過工作賺錢，再用一年中剩下的時間在從新西蘭到瑞士的多個避暑勝地執(zhí)教，回來后申請大學，這樣的經(jīng)歷則是完全不同的積極的做法。

四、生態(tài)環(huán)境恐怖主義

Islamic terrorism may be a distant threat for Shearer Lumber Products, a timber company based in Idaho.But eco-terrorism is a very real one.In November, the Earth Liberation Front , an underground organization, gave warning that it had“spiked”trees in the Nez Perce national forest to protest against logging.Spiking involves hiding metal bars in tree trunks, thereby potentially crippling chain saws and hurting people.More such attacks are expected.How do they fit into America’s war on terrorism?

The nation’s forests have seen a sharp increase in violent incidents—equipment vandalized, people intimidated—over the past ten years.Shearer now carefully inspects every tree before cutting and has been using metal detectors to check every trunk being processed.Yet Ihor Mereszczak, of the Nez Perce Forest Service, says it has been hard to get the FBI’s attention, and investigations have got nowhere.The ELF is only one thread in a web of underground radical environmentalists.Its aim is to inflict as much financial pain as possible on organizations or people who, by its lights, are exploiting the environment.The ELF, though made up of anonymous cells, nonetheless operates a website offering tips on how to cause fires with electric timers.Until recently, it also had a public spokesman.Together with the Animal Liberation Front , which operates along the same lines, the ELF is estimated to be responsible for over $45m-worth of damage in North America over the past few years.In 1998, it caused fires that did $12m-worth of damage in Vail, Colorado, to make the point that the ski resort’s expansion was threatening places where lynxes live.Earlier this year, the ELF burned down the offices of a lumber company in Oregon.Since September 11th, the ALF and ELF have claimed responsibility for starting a fire at a primate research center in New Mexico, releasing mink from an Iowa fur farm, and firebombing a federal corral for wild horses in California.Are they terrorists? The two groups reject the label, claiming to take all precautions against harming “animals, whether humans or not”.But earlier this year Louis Freeh, the FBI’s boss, listed both organizations among the most active domestic terrorist groups.Scott McInnis, the Republican congressman whose district includes Vail, argues it is only a matter of time before somebody gets hurt, and he now expects the FBI to put in more resources.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

The House subcommittee on forests, which Mr McInnis heads, will hold a hearing on eco-terrorism in February.But he has annoyed some mainstream green groups by asking them to denounce the ELF’s and ALF’s methods.Greenpeace, for instance, says that its disapproval is self-evident, and resents being asked to express it.Mr.McInnis still wants their answer by December 1st, but the war on eco-terrorism is off to a rocky start.1.What did the ELF do to Shearer Lumber Products?

[A] Hurt its employees.[B] Crippled its equipments.[C] Hid metals in its trees.[D] Protested against its spiking.2.We can infer from the passage that_____.[A] Shearer has experienced many violent incidents [B] new tools have been used to investigate terrorists

[C] FBI has been active in the war on eco-terrorism [D] ELF openly declares its beliefs and ends

3.According to ELF, all of the following are environmentally harmful except_____.[A] causing fire in the houses [B] expanding ski resort [C] doing research on animals [D] invading into animal habitats

4.It is true of radical environmentalists that they_____.[A] aim at causing damage to companies [B] resort to violence to achieve their purpose

[C] will do no harm to real people [D] are divided on opinions about terrorism

5.The best title for the text may be_____.[A] The Green Threat [B] Protecting Forests [C] Earth’s Liberation [D] Terrorism Defeated 答案：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 核心詞匯和超綱詞匯

spike尖狀物，尖頭;鞋釘用尖物刺入

cripple使殘廢，使跛，使成瘸子;嚴重損壞;傷殘人，殘疾人，有缺陷的人

vandalize摧殘，破壞，任意破壞 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

cell牢房;細胞;小隔室;電池;政治小組，基層組織，如a terrorist ~

along/on the lines按??方式

denounce公開指責，公然抨擊，譴責

全文翻譯

對于駐愛達荷的希勒木材產(chǎn)品公司來說，伊斯蘭恐怖主義也許是遙遠的威脅。但是生態(tài)恐怖主義是確實存在的威脅。十一月份的時候，地下組織“地球解放陣線” 警告說他已在內(nèi)茲佩爾塞國家森林的樹木中“釘了釘子”以抗議伐木行為?！搬斸斪印卑ㄔ跇涓芍胁亟饘侔?，從而破壞鏈鋸并有可能傷到人。更多類似的攻擊還會發(fā)生。它們怎樣歸入美國對抗恐怖主義的戰(zhàn)斗中呢?

過去十年中，國家森林里的暴力事件急劇增多。如今希勒在砍樹前仔細檢查每一棵樹，并一直使用金屬探測器檢查所有被加工的樹干。然而，內(nèi)茲佩爾塞國家森林服務(wù)中心的Ihor Mereszczak說，很難引起美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的注意，調(diào)查也毫無進展。

“地球解放陣線”只是地下激進環(huán)保主義組織中的一員。它的目的是讓那些根據(jù)它的標準破壞了環(huán)境的個人或組織在經(jīng)濟上盡可能蒙受巨大的損失。該組織雖然由匿名的小組組成，卻經(jīng)營著一個網(wǎng)站就如何用電子計時器縱火給予提示。最近它還有了公共發(fā)言人。

“地球解放陣線”和按同一種方式運行的“動物解放陣線”一起，估計在過去幾年中造成了多達四千五百萬元的損失。比如,1998年“地球解放陣線”在科羅拉多州的唯爾因抗議滑雪勝地的擴建威脅了山貓的居所而放火;今年初它在俄勒岡州又燒毀了一家伐木公司的辦公室;以及自九月十一日以來，它和同性質(zhì)的“動物解放陣線”一起，聲稱對以下事件負責：新墨西哥州一家靈長類動物研究中心的縱火事件，愛荷華州一家毛皮生產(chǎn)農(nóng)場的貂被放走事件，加利福尼亞州一個用來圈野馬的畜欄遭到燃燒彈攻擊事件。

他們是恐怖主義者嗎?這兩個團體拒絕被稱作“恐怖分子”，而且宣稱他們會采取一切措施來預(yù)防對動物的傷害。但是今年初，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局局長路易·弗里將兩個組織列為國內(nèi)最活躍的恐怖主義組織。共和黨籍眾議員麥克伊尼斯所在區(qū)包括唯爾，認為遲早會有人受到傷害，現(xiàn)在他期望聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局局投入更多的資源。

麥克伊尼斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的“森林小組委員會”將在二月份召開生態(tài)恐怖主義的聽證會。但是，他已經(jīng)觸怒了一些主流的綠色組織，因為他要求它們公開譴責“地球解放陣線”和“動物解放陣線”的做法。比如，“綠色和平”組織宣稱它的反對是不言而明的，并對被要求表態(tài)表示氣憤。麥克伊尼斯先生仍然要求他們在11月1日給出回答，關(guān)于生態(tài)恐怖主義的戰(zhàn)斗有了一個開端。

第二篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀真題

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2018年可銳考研英語閱讀真題范文

（一）Democrats and global warming

A RECENT sketch on Saturday Night Live suggested how the world would be if Al Gore had won the presidency in 2000.In the last six years we have been able to stop global warming, intoned Mr Gore.No one could have predicted the negative results of this.Glaciers that once were melting are now on the attack.Nerdy environmentalism is Mr Gore s forte.He would have ridden that hobby horse in the 2000 campaign, according to Joe Klein in Politics Lost , if his political consultants had not muzzled him.Now, almost alone, he has brought his favourite issue back into the political spotlight.His film about the horrors of global warming, An Inconvenient Truth , opened this week in Los Angeles and New York.With it comes inevitable talk of another try at the presidency.Mr Gore consistently waves that away.But other prominent Democrats are raising their voices for the cause.This week Senator Hillary Clinton urged action on global warming in a big speech on energy policy in Washington, DC.Notably, she praised Mr Gore as a committed visionary on global warming for more than two decades.Last week, her husband Bill told graduates at the University of Texas s public affairs school in Austin-as temperatures outside soared to 34°C-that Climate change is more remote than terror, but a more profound threat.Do voters care? Although a Gallup poll this spring found that 67% of respondents thought the quality of the environment was getting worse , climate change is hardly in the class of Iraq or health care.And it is still rare for politicians to mention it on the stump.Bill Ritter, the Democratic nominee for governor in Colorado, notes that global warming is a worry for the ski industry in his state-but says his audiences care more about the quality of their water or their air.Most midwestern politicians nowadays cannot talk enough about alternative fuels, but they link them to the economy rather than climate change, hoping for a boost for local corn or soyabean farmers.A few bad hurricanes may change that indifference.The 2006 season begins next week, and federal meteorologists predict it will be particularly nasty.Although conservatives have vigorously disputed the link between global warming and last year s dreadful storms, another Katrina could push people over the edge.Gregg Easterbrook of the Brookings Institution, a think tank, says that politicians also need a new tack.Instead of dwelling on gloom and doom, they should appeal to American optimism, emphasising that the problem can probably be solved after all, and cheaper and faster than anyone thinks.And what about conservatives? George Bush has recently conceded that America is addicted to oil , but he still argues about the causes of global warming.John McCain, another possible presidential contender in 2008, has been out in front.He has sponsored legislation for cap and trade emissions of greenhouse gases, and declared in a recent speech in Phoenix that Climate 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

change is real and is having a major impact on our way of life.二．

Senate inquiry in loan case is studying stock transfer

An Education Department official and financial aid directors at three universities received stock in a student loan company from the company s current president in what may have been a violation of securities law, Senate aides looking into the transactions say.In various documents that have been turned over to staff members working for Senator Edward M.Kennedy, the president of the company described the transfers as gifts.But at least one recipient of the shares has said he paid for the stock.Because the executive, Fabrizio Balestri of Student Loan Xpress, had acquired the shares in a private placement of stock that restricts how it can be transferred, the gifts-or sale-may have run afoul of federal securities laws, said Mr.Kennedy, the Massachusetts Democrat who heads the Senate education committee.Yesterday he called on federal regulators to investigate the transactions.The senator s staff has been investigating relations between loan companies and universities.The disclosures last week that the financial aid administrators owned the stock have prompted concerns that they had an incentive to steer students to the loan company.The government official helped oversee lenders in the federal student loan program.The documents describing the transfers of stock as gifts were signed by Mr.Balestri and his wife.They contradict what one financial aid director said in an interview last week.That official, Lawrence Burt of the University of Texas at Austin, said he had paid $1,000 for 1,500 shares.Mr.Burt could not be reached for comment last night.Mr.Balestri transferred stock not only to Mr.Burt but also to David Charlow, financial aid director for Columbia s undergraduate college and its engineering school;Catherine Thomas, director of financial aid at the University of Southern California;and Matteo Fontana, general manager in a unit of the Office of Federal Student Aid at the Department of Education.In recent days, all four have been put on leave by their employers.Senate aides said that for each $10,000 in the private placement, investors had received 10,000 shares and 5,000 warrants, or options to purchase additional stock before a certain date, in Education Lending Group, which was then the parent of Student Loan Xpress.Mr.Balestri obtained $80,000 worth of stock and kept none of it, according to the documents.In a personal list called memorandums of gift , he wrote that he gave away 80,000 shares to 16 people on Dec.31, 2001.That was one day before he began work at the company as its president.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

The 2001 private placement raised $3.7 million for Education Lending and was authorized by that company s chief executive, Robert deRose.At the time, the stock was trading between $1 and $2 a share.It is not clear who purchased the rest of the shares or whether anyone else at the company had knowledge of Mr.Balestri s transfers.violation

n.違反, 違背, 妨礙, 侵害, [體]違例

afoul

a.沖撞的，糾纏的ad.沖突著, 碰撞著

securities law證券法

steer

v.駕駛，掌舵

[真題例句] Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes , makes it sound like a precise science.[1997年閱讀5]

[例句精譯] 很多用來描述貨幣政策的詞，如 引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟軟著陸、經(jīng)濟剎車，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學。

warrant

n.①正當理由;②許可證，委任狀;v.保證，擔保

三．

The world since September 11th

IT STANDS to reason that 19 men cannot change history.But they did.Five years and two Americanled wars later, the world created by the September 11th hijackers is a darker place than almost anyone predicted at the start of the new century.Al Qaeda itself may have been battered and dispersed, but the idea it stands for has spread its poison far and wide.The essence of that idea, so far as a coherent one can be distilled from the ferment of broadcasts and fat was issued by Osama bin Laden and his disciples, is that Islam is everywhere under attack by the infidel and that every Muslim has a duty to wage holy war, jihad, in its defence.America is deemed a special target for having trespassed on the Arab heartland.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

Intoxicated by their defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s, the jihadists are hungry to topple another superpower.This cause had deadly adherents before the attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Centre in 2001.Mr bin Laden issued his Declaration of the World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders in 1998, the year alQaeda bombed two American embassies in East Africa.But an honest tally of the record since September 11th has to conclude that the number of jihadists and their sympathisers has probably multiplied many times since then.It has multiplied, moreover, partly as a result of the way America responded.The first of the two wars George Bush launched after September 11th looked initially like a success, and compared with the second it still is.AlQaeda operated openly in Afghanistan and enjoyed the protection of its noxious Taliban regime, which refused America s request to hand Mr bin Laden over.America s invasion, one month after America itself had been attacked, therefore enjoyed broad international support.The fighting ended swiftly and the political aftermath went as well as could be expected in a polity as tangled as Afghanistan s.By 2004 a firstever free election had legitimated the presidency of Hamid Karzai.A ramshackle but representative parliament took office in 2005.The country is plagued by warlordism and the opium trade, and Taliban fighters are mounting a challenge in the south.But they do not yet look capable of dislodging the new government in Kabul.Even though Mr bin Laden himself eluded America s forces in Afghanistan, the invasion deprived alQaeda of a haven for planning and training.This achievement, however, was cancelled out by the consequences of Mr Bush s second war: the invasion of Iraq in March 2003.There, three and a half years on, fighting and terrorism kill hundreds every month, providing the jihadists with both a banner around which to recruit and a live arena in which to sharpen their military skills.Why has Iraq turned out so much worse than Afghanistan? Not only because of the familiar catalogue of Rumsfeldian incompetence-disbanding Iraq s army, committing too few American troops-but also because of alQaeda itself.Like most Sunni extremists, some in alQaeda regard Shia Muslims as virtual apostates.Abu Musab alZarqawi, the movement s leader in Iraq, managed before being killed last June to organise so many attacks on Shias and their holy places that after a long forbearance the Shias at last struck back, turning what had been an insurgency against the Americans and the new government into a bitter sectarian war.

第三篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀真題

可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cnN: Regardless of his personal life or anything, he doesn t deserve to be killed for this.The message people are getting is that gay people are second-class citizens, says Tracey Conaty, spokesperson for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.Before Gaither s murder, activists were planning a major national pro-gay offensive.From March 21 to March 27, the task force will launch its Equality Begins at Home campaign, with 250 grass-roots events in all 50 states aimed at passing anti-gay-bashing legislation.Says Conaty: These laws reflect the conscience of a community and send an important message.The March events, says Urvashi Vaid, director of the task force s policy institute, will involve straight people concerned about neighbors denied basic human rights.Adds Vaid: It s more than just a gay thing.1.What is implied in the first two paragraphs? 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

[A] there are many murders in the recent history of hatred [B]the murder also happened in Jasper one year ago [C] it is another case of the gay being tortured to death [D]the city council president comes from Sylacauga 2.The author uses the example of Matthew Shepard to show that ________.[A] it is difficult to extend the hate-crime legislation [B]people want to extend the hate-crime law [C]the gays are really in a terrible fix [D] people are indifferent to the gay student 3.Alvin Holmes’ attitude toward the gay victims is _________.[A]indifferent [B]sympathetic [C]outrageous [D]considerate 4.Similar to Matthew Shepard, Gaither’s death ________.[A]aroused people’s sympathy for the gay [B] sharpened people’s awareness [C]gave legislation some momentum [D]failed to have any change in the legislation 5.The text intends to express the idea that __________.[A] people should be concerned about their gay neighbors [B]the gay people shouldn’t be regarded as second-class citizens 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

[C] the legislation for the gay still has a long way to go

[D]more pro-gay campaigns should be launched

答案：C A B D C

詞匯注釋

homosexual n.同性戀

echo vt.摹仿, 重復(fù)

rallying point n.聚集點,號召力

legislator n.立法者

momentum n.動力, 要素

in the wake of adv.尾隨, 緊跟, 仿效

lynching n.處私刑

allegation n.主張，斷言, 辯解

offensive n.進攻, 攻勢

grass-roots adj.一般民眾的, 由鄉(xiāng)間民間來進行的 二．

Federal reserve: Difference of opinion

THE outcome was never in doubt.On December 12th America s central bank kept shortterm interest rates unchanged at 5.25%.What mattered was the statement accompanying the Federal Reserve s decision.Although Ben Bernanke and his colleagues gave a nod to the slowing economy , they repeated that they still considered inflation a bigger worry than weak growth.That is not what Wall Street has been thinking.According to the latest Blue Chip monthly survey, four out of five financial forecasters reckon the central bank s next move will be to cut the federal funds rate.Some once optimistic seers have been busy cutting their growth forecasts.The price of fed funds futures suggests that financial markets see a 20% chance of lower interest rates by April.This had been close to 70%, but unexpectedly strong growth in jobs and then retail sales 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

in November has caused some in the markets to think a rate cut less likely.The central bankers are simultaneously more cautious and more optimistic than many on Wall Street.With core inflation still well above the 12% rate they unofficially deem appropriate, Mr.Bernanke and his colleagues are genuinely worried about price pressure.Although fuel costs have fallen sharply, core consumer prices, which exclude the volatile categories of food and energy, still rose by 2.8% in the year to October.The Fed s preferred price gauge, the core personal consumption deflator, went up by 2.4% in the year to October, only a little short of the fastest pace for a decade.With inflation still too high, cautious central bankers see scant reason for abandoning their hawkish rhetoric.By the same token, the officials are less concerned by the risk of a slowdown than their counterparts on Wall Street are.Not only do the central bankers expect the economy to grow below its trend rate in the short term;they want it to.That is because a period of below trend growth will help dampen inflationary pressure by increasing the amount of slack in the economy.Fed officials worry that labour markets, in particular, are too tight.In their July forecast the central bankers expected an average unemployment rate of between 4.75% and 5% for the fourth quarter of 2006 and 2007, well above today s 4.5%.Modestly higher joblessness would be welcome.That unemployment has not risen suggests the economy has not slowed much below its trend rate of growth.If prudence is telling the central bankers to stand pat, so is their optimism.The Fed is not among those who believe that America s unexpectedly deep housing bust will drag the rest of the economy down.In a recent speech Mr Bernanke made it clear that he saw little sign of the housing recession spreading elsewhere.A stream of weak statistics in subsequent days, particularly a report hinting that manufacturing was in recession, suggested that his optimism might be misplaced.

第四篇：1988年考研英語真題及解析

1988年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists? health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way ［C］ on their own

［D］ of their own 2.［A］ course

［B］ route

［C］ passage ［D］ channel 3.［A］ Uncomfortable ［B］ Bad

［C］ Unfavourable ［D］ Terrible 4.［A］ passed

［B］ sustained ［C］ survived ［D］ spent 5.［A］ situations

［B］ environments ［C］ conditions

［D］ circumstances 6.［A］ strengthened ［B］ regained ［C］ recovered ［D］ improved 7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 9.［A］ Best of all ［B］ For the best ［C］ To their best ［D］ All in all 10.［A］ ashore

［B］ around

［C］ about

［D］ aboard

試題精解

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了“五月花號”抵達美洲新大陸的情況及感恩節(jié)的來歷。

第一段交代了文章的背景：一批殖民者到達北美新大陸。①至④句介紹了“五月花號”前往美洲的原因，⑤至⑩句介紹了“五月花號”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陸后遇到的困難，○11至1○6句介紹了他們生活條件得到好轉(zhuǎn)的原因及表現(xiàn)。第二段通過對過去的回顧與對未來的展望，敘述了朝圣者懷有感恩的心態(tài)并與當?shù)赜〉诎踩撕炇鹩押脜f(xié)定，為下文感恩節(jié)的形成做了鋪墊。

第三段說明了感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生的直接原因：朝圣者想慶祝他們定居新家的第一年。

二、試題具體分析

1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way以…特有的方式 ［C］ on their own單獨，獨立地

［D］ of their own自己的，本人的 本題考核的知識點是：句內(nèi)語義+固定短語

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語作狀語，修飾worship God，說明朝圣者前往新大陸的原因。in one?s own way是固定搭配，意為“以…特有的方式”，代入文中意為“以他們特有的方式敬仰上帝”，符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，為正確答案。on their own與of their own不符合文意，style雖然可以表示“方式、方法”，但該含義不用于in one?s own…結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個層次，揭示了五月花號前往新大陸的原因。④句是一個復(fù)合句，主干為They were looking for a place，后接where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾place。［空格設(shè)置］in one?s own way是固定短語，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的確是以她特有的方式愛你。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用常見的固定搭配設(shè)置干擾。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.這一事故的發(fā)生不是她本人的過錯。He did it on his own.這件事他獨立完成了。

2.［A］ course航向，航線

［B］ route路線，路途 ［C］ passage通道，航程

［D］ channel渠道，海峽 本題考核的知識點是：名詞詞義辨析

［快速解題］空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語，因此此題關(guān)鍵是判斷那個選項可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個選項構(gòu)成的動賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在后兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。［篇章分析］⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二個層次，分別介紹了朝圣者在航行中及登陸后遇到的困難。

［空格設(shè)置］course除了考生熟悉的表示“課程”的含義外，還可意為“（船或飛機的）航向，航線“，如：The plane was on/off course.飛機航向正確/偏離航向。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用其他表示“路徑”的詞對course形成近義干擾。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一條是最佳路線？This passage will take us to the other building.穿過這條通道，我們就可以到達另一座大樓。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投訴必須通過正當途徑進行。

3.［A］ Uncomfortable令人不舒適的 ［B］ Bad令人不快的，壞的

［C］ Unfavourable不利的，有害的 ［D］ Terrible可怕的，造成極大傷害的 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+形容詞辨析 ［快速解題］空格處填入的形容詞做定語修飾months，意為“…的幾個月”。months后面的of…介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也做定語后置修飾months，由of后面的一系列名詞“starvation、disease、death”可知，這幾個月的情況是極其嚴重的，因此，在四個選項中應(yīng)選擇表示惡劣程度最深的terrible。

［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用表示“不利的”的形容詞設(shè)置干擾，考生需結(jié)合詞語表達含義的程度與具體語境排除干擾。

4.［A］ passed通過，經(jīng)過；消磨，度過

［B］ sustained維持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺過，艱難度過 ［D］ spent花（時間），度過 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+動詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“朝圣者中只有最為強壯的人…那個冬天”。pass常用于指無聊或等人時打發(fā)、消磨時間；spend強調(diào)以某種方式花時間，常接on sth或in doing sth來表示方式。sustain雖然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作賓語，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive，指“艱難挺過那個冬天”，與上一題中的terrible相呼應(yīng)。［空格設(shè)置］本題借survive考查了考生對上下文的理解。例句：I can?t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元，我無法維持生活。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項是利用表示“度過”的動詞對survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我們借唱歌消磨時間。Few planets can sustain life.能夠維持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作業(yè)用了多長時間？ 5.［A］ situations情況，狀況

［B］ environments環(huán)境 ［C］ conditions環(huán)境，條件

［D］ circumstances條件，狀況 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+名詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分living 5 意為“生活…”，四個選項都含有“環(huán)境，狀況”的意思，但是側(cè)重點各有不同。situation強調(diào)特定時期和特定地點形勢、局面，environments特指影響個體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的環(huán)境或條件，circumstances尤其指經(jīng)濟狀況。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等詞可知，這里指的是人們的生活條件得到改善，符合文意的為[C]conditions.［篇章分析］○11句至○16句是第一段的第三個層次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居點生活條件得到改善的原因及表現(xiàn)。

［空格設(shè)置］conditions本身詞義比較簡單，但要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境排除干擾，作出正確判斷。例句：changing economic conditions不斷變化的經(jīng)濟狀況。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對conditions形成近義干擾。這幾個詞雖然含義相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我們都遇到過類似的尷尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他們創(chuàng)造了一種可以大大提高生產(chǎn)力的環(huán)境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.補助金根據(jù)經(jīng)濟狀況發(fā)放。6.［A］strengthened加強，鞏固

［B］regained 重新獲得，恢復(fù) ［C］recovered恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)

［D］improved 改進，改善 本題考核的知識點是：動詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分的主語是the colonists? health，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷哪個動詞能與health搭配，并且能與上下文銜接。strengthened指“增強能力或地位等”，不能與health搭配，首先排除。regained意為“恢復(fù)”時常做及物動詞，不符合文中用法，但是可以說…regained health。recovered本身即意為“恢復(fù)健康”，不需要health作主語。符合上下文語義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。

［篇章分析］○16句的主干部分是The colonists? health improved，介詞with的用法比較特殊，表原因，介賓短語with…解釋了health improved的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］improve的含義比較簡單，但用法很豐富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手術(shù)后他的生活質(zhì)量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/標準；改善條件。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用考生熟悉的漢語表達法設(shè)置干擾。漢語里經(jīng)常有“恢復(fù)健康、增強健康”的表達方式，考生要熟悉英漢兩種語言表達方式的區(qū)別，排除干擾。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近幾個星期以來，她在黨內(nèi)的地位有所增強。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢復(fù)自己的一點兒尊嚴。He?s still recovering from his operation.手術(shù)后，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 本題考核的知識點是：介詞搭配

［快速解題］空格處填入的介詞既要與look back搭配，又要能接the past year作賓語。不存在look back in與look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over與look back at都可意為“回顧”，但look back at后面接具體的時間或事物，look back over后面接特定階段，顯然文中the past year強調(diào)的是一個時間段，符合要求的是look back over，代入文中意為“回顧過去的一年”。

［篇章分析］第二段分為兩個層次：1○7至○20句是對過去的回顧，2○1至○26句是對未來的展望與準備。○21句句首on the other hand表明了這種今昔對比。

［空格設(shè)置］介詞over的含義和用法都很豐富，在知識運用的文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生要結(jié)合具體語境掌握該詞用法。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項利用其他可與look搭配的常用介詞設(shè)置干擾，需要正確理解上下文才排除干擾。8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+介詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個大豐收…他們”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知，他們在秋天已經(jīng)取得大豐收，并為第二年冬天做準備。behind意為used to say that sth is in sb?s past，它代入文中，意為“他們身后是（秋天的）一個大豐收”，即“已經(jīng)獲得了豐收”。其他項與them搭配分別意為“由他們支付”、“為了他們”與“他們無法理解“，均不符合上下文語義，應(yīng)排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二個層次的總起句，指出了對未來的希望。2○2句至段末分別從食物、住所以及人際關(guān)系三方面舉出了充滿希望的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］本題通過behind考查了考生對文章內(nèi)部時間邏輯的把握，及它本身不為考生所熟悉的含義。例句：She has ten years? useful experience behind her.她已有十年的經(jīng)驗，能派上用場。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語義不難排除。

9.［A］ Best of all最好的是，尤其 ［B］ For the best出于好意 ［C］ To their best

［D］ All in all總的來說 本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關(guān)系

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語放在句首，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷空格前后部分的邏輯關(guān)系。to their best短語不存在，首先排除。上文都是講殖民者為來年做的物質(zhì)準備，○26句重在強調(diào)人際關(guān)系方面的改善，體現(xiàn)這種強調(diào)關(guān)系的只有best of all。［篇章分析］2○6句雖然是一個簡單句，但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主干為they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all與with..，under…，in…三個介賓短語做狀語。［空格設(shè)置］邏輯關(guān)系在知識運用中的考查比重越來越大，需要考生提高語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we don?t have any homework.最好的是我們沒有什么家庭作業(yè)了。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是利用詞形設(shè)置的形近干擾。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意這么做的。All in all it has been a great success.總的來說，那是個巨大的成功。10.［A］ ashore在岸上

［B］ around周圍 ［C］ about到處

［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機）上 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+副詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當‘五月花號’返回英格蘭的時候，沒有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語義的銜接，為正確選項。其他三項不符合上下文，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，總結(jié)指出殖民者生活狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，他們在殖民地定居下來。○29句是過渡句，指出他們想要建立一個節(jié)日慶祝新的生活，由此引出○30句感恩節(jié)的來歷。［空格設(shè)置］aboard的含義和用法都比較簡單，但需要根據(jù)上下文進行推斷。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項是利用aboard的形近詞設(shè)置的干擾，由于都脫離了上下文，不難排除。

三、全文翻譯

1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號”的小帆船離開倫敦駛往新大陸?！拔逶禄ㄌ枴毕蛭挥诟ゼ醽喼轀嘏０兜恼材匪诡D殖民地行進。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂風和兇猛的暴風雨，“五月花號”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。當時正是北方嚴冬時期，他們將面對的是充滿了饑餓、疾病和死亡的極其可怕的幾個月。朝圣者中只有最為強壯的人活過了那個冬天。許多婦女把她們少得可憐的口糧留給了自己的孩子，自己卻死于饑餓。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。因此，盡管缺乏狩獵、捕魚的技巧和經(jīng)驗，他們也能夠獲得足夠的新鮮肉類。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在秋天，他們回顧了過去的一年，既遺憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來，人類生命的代價和和悲劇是如此巨大。另一方面，他們看到了未來的新希望。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個冬天的到來做好了準備。他們有十一所用于抵御嚴冬的簡陋房屋，其中的七所為家庭所有，四所作為公用。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長的監(jiān)管下，他們在夏天與其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。林地和森林變安全了。那年夏天，當“五月花號”返回英格蘭的時候，船上沒有一名殖民者。在他們定居新家的第一年年底，這些朝圣者想以一個真正的節(jié)日來慶祝，這便是他們的第一個感恩節(jié)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I?m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don?t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、詞匯

1．make no difference沒有...作用或影響

2．specific a.明確的 3．suppose v.假設(shè),以為,認為

4．a(chǎn)t random隨便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）

6．skim v.略讀 7．react to對...做出反應(yīng)

8．take in接受，理解

二、長難句

1.It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.該句的主干為It doesn?t come as a surprise to you，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to realize that …，that引導(dǎo)的從句做realize的賓語。賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的what you read or study。

翻譯：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關(guān)緊要了，這一點毫不出奇。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學習中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語言平實易懂，總體可以分為三個部分。

第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對于閱讀或?qū)W習的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。

第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購物過程和閱讀過程做類比說明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實與觀點、評判信息來源和進行準確推理。

四、試題具體分析

11.If you cannot remember what yo

11.如果你不能記住所閱讀或?qū)W習的內(nèi)容，________。[A] 這毫不出奇

[B] 這意味著你沒有真正學到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒有選對閱讀的書籍

[D] 你意識到這無所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費寶貴的時間，即你沒有從中學到任何東西，[B]選項正確。

[A]和[D]選項偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學內(nèi)容無關(guān)緊要，這一點毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學內(nèi)容”不出奇或無關(guān)緊要。[C]選項無干干擾，從文中無從推知。

12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book

12.在你開始閱讀之前，有必要________。

[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來 [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項正確。

[B]和[C]選項張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項無中生有。

13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

13.閱讀行為包括________。[A] 僅僅兩個同時發(fā)生的過程

[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評估內(nèi)容

[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實與觀點 [D] 主要進行準確推理

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項獨立的行為，它包括至少兩個同時發(fā)生的重要過程。③④句列出這兩個過程：迅速而準確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項是對這兩個過程的同義改寫，為正確項。[A]選項以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個同時發(fā)生的過程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個過程。[C]和[D]選項張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實與觀點”和“進行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進行思考的附加過程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過程。一般而言，帶有絕對意味的限定性詞語的選項（如only和merely）都不是正確項。

14.A good reader is one 14.一位好讀者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過程中進行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 對閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實與已知事實核對

has already known 【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明確指出，一位好讀者就是一位批判性的讀者。[C]選項是這句話的同義改寫，為正確項。

[A]、[B]和[D]選項以偏概全，第七、八段論述批判性閱讀，指出思考閱讀內(nèi)容的過程包括評估內(nèi)容、將所讀內(nèi)容與已知內(nèi)容進行聯(lián)系、根據(jù)自己的目的進行應(yīng)用；而批判性閱讀則包括區(qū)分事實與觀點、評判內(nèi)容來源、進行準確推理。[A]選項是思考過程中的一點；[B]選項僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點，因此其他三項都不完整。

五、全文翻譯

如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關(guān)緊要了，這一點毫不出奇。這樣不過是浪費寶貴時間罷了。不過，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來避免遺忘。一種幫助你記住所學內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會記得更牢靠些。當你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開了呢？這是因為你和她都知道，如果你不確定自己要什么，你也不大可能會有所收獲。然而，假設(shè)你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買一副太陽鏡?！彼龝卮穑昂玫模堖@邊走?！比缓竽愫退拖颉澳康牡亍弊呷ァ计惹械厝ふ夷阆胍臇|西。這與你的學習過程非常相似。如果你隨機選擇了一本書，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書，那么你幾乎肯定會獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個好學生對于他所做的事情總有一個明確的目的或原因。

這就是奏效的方法。在開始學習之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因?！被蛘摺拔乙ㄗx這篇文章，看看中世紀英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。

閱讀并不是一項獨立的行為，期間至少兩個重要過程同時發(fā)生。在閱讀時，你能夠迅速而又準確地理解內(nèi)容，同時在對所讀內(nèi)容予以反應(yīng)時也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進行一種精神對話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣?！被蚴恰班拧乙詾檫@項紀錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期。”或是“但是還要考慮一些其他的事實！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。

對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進行思考的附加過程包括評估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來進行應(yīng)用。換句話說，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實與觀點。事實可以通過證據(jù)來確認，而觀點只是個人反應(yīng)。批判性閱讀的還包括評判來源和進行準確推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、詞匯

1．extent n.范圍，程度

2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊

3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity n.強度，強烈

6．duration n.持續(xù) 7．frequency n.頻繁,頻率

8．hazard n.危險,危害 9．decibel n.分貝

10．measure n.量度 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于

12．intermittent a.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance n.警戒

14．detect v.檢測，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear n.后面,背后

二、長難句

1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.該句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise，主語stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語；謂語部分有介詞短語at another time做時間狀語。句末分詞depending on …做條件狀語。

翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時候的刺激在另外一些時候就是噪音。

2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.該句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss，介詞短語above about 85 decibels做后置定語，修飾主語名詞sounds。插入語部分為if條件句，做條件狀語，修飾謂語動詞。翻譯：如果呆在超過85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時間足夠長，將會造成嚴重的聽力喪失。

3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.該句的主干為Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語。第一個名詞frequencies后接有to which引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語；第二個為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

翻譯：實際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).該句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意為“對……有影響”。if引導(dǎo)條件從句，其主干為one is performing a watch keeping task，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a watch keeping task。該定語從句的主干為that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞vigilance。

翻譯：在某些任務(wù)的工作過程中，噪聲會造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負責檢測某種弱信號（如，觀察雷達屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語由and連接的兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成。

翻譯：如果你坐在噴氣式飛機的后部，首先你會注意到進行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來抵消噪音的影響。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討噪音對人類及其行為的有害影響。文章主題明確，層次清晰，總體結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，可以分為兩個部分。第一部分為總（第一段）：提出噪音現(xiàn)象，給出噪音定義，并指出人們開始關(guān)注噪音對人類行為的影響。

第二部分為分（第二、三和四段）：論述噪音對人類及其行為的有害影響。第二段指出噪音會造成人類聽力的部分或完全喪失。第三段指出噪音會對某些工作執(zhí)行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音會對人際交流造成不良影響。

四、試題具體分析

15.Noise differs from sound15．噪音與聲音的不同之處在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干擾人們工作的聲音

[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一種特別類型的大音量的聲音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常難以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定義可以比聲音的定義更加準確

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

眾所周知，噪音是聲音的一種。文章首段給出了噪音的兩種定義，一種是人們的通俗定義，噪音是人們不想聽到的聲音；另一種是較為準確的科學定義，噪音是與當前任務(wù)無關(guān)的聲音，即干擾人們工作的聲音。[A]選項是第二種定義的同義改寫，為正確項。

[B]選項以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點。[C]和[D]選項利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語large city、define和precisely捏造無關(guān)干擾。

16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音對人類工作的有害影響之一是________。[A] it reduces one?s sensitivity [A] 降低人們的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到無助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剝奪人們享受音樂的快樂 [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹沒人們在工作地點的對話

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

第二、三和四段論述噪音對人類的有害影響。第三段指出噪音會干擾某些任務(wù)的執(zhí)行，該段以一項需要高度警惕的觀察工作（如監(jiān)測雷達屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）為例暗示噪音會分散觀察者的注意力，即降低人們的敏感性，[A]選項正確。

[B]和[C]選項從文中無從推知。[D]選項利用第四段“噪音對人際交流產(chǎn)生不良影響”進行干擾，但文中指出人們會根據(jù)噪音音量來提高自己說話的音量，而不是對話完全被噪音淹沒。

17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

17.這篇文章的目的是________。[A] 確定噪音對人類行為的影響 [B] 警告人們噪音污染的危險 [C] 提供如何避免聽力喪失的建議 [D] 敘述噪音與聲音之間的差異

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：文章主旨題。

這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對人類及其行為的影響。第一段為總，提出噪音現(xiàn)象以及人們對噪音對人類行為的影響的關(guān)注。第二、三和四段為分，論述噪音對人類行為的具體影響，包括造成人類聽力部分或完全喪失、影響工作任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、阻礙人際交流。[A]選項是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，為正確項。

[B]和[D]選項以偏概全，[B]僅能概括文章第二段部分內(nèi)容，即噪音會造成聽力喪失（噪音污染的危險之一）；[D]僅提及第一段噪音定義的部分內(nèi)容，兩者都不能完全概括全篇內(nèi)容。[C]選項無中生有，文章第二段提及噪音會造成聽力喪失，但作者并未就此提出任何建議。

五、全文翻譯

如果你居住在一個大城市，對噪音問題就再熟悉不過了，然而，因為關(guān)注它的一些有害影響，你可能沒有意識到它對人們行為舉止的影響程度。雖然每個人都或多或少知道噪音是什么（即人們不想聽到的聲音），但是最好是從科學目的角度來為其更準確地下定義。其中的一種定義是：噪音是與當前任務(wù)無關(guān)的聲音。因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時候的刺激在另外一些時候就是噪音。最近幾年，人們對噪音對人類行為的影響產(chǎn)生極大興趣，諸如“噪音污染”的概念也隨之出現(xiàn)，同時出現(xiàn)的還有減少噪音的種種行動。置身于嘈雜環(huán)境無疑能造成聽力的部分或完全喪失，這要看噪聲的強度、持續(xù)時間和頻率構(gòu)成。目前許多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工廠中或噴氣機的周圍、駕駛農(nóng)場拖拉機、在演奏搖滾樂的音樂廳中工作（或僅僅身處其中）。一般來說，持續(xù)呆在超過80分貝（判斷聲音大小的度量）的噪音環(huán)境中被認為是危險的。分貝的大小和各種聲音的大小一致。如果呆在超過85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時間足夠長，將會造成嚴重的聽力喪失。實際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

在某些任務(wù)的工作過程中，噪聲會造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負責檢測某種弱信號（如，觀察雷達屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。噪音對人際交流也會產(chǎn)生不良影響。如果你坐在噴氣式飛機的后部，首先你會注意到進行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來抵消噪音的影響。噪音就是問題的根源。

Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman?s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman?s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women?s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、詞匯

1．maintain v.維持,保養(yǎng)

2．compulsory a.義務(wù)的 3．cease v.停止

4．drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5．laundry n.要洗的衣服，洗衣

6．fiber n.纖維

二、長難句

1.The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.該句主干為The traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained，主語名詞belief后接有兩個that連接的從句做同位語。

翻譯：傳統(tǒng)觀念認為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當今情況。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.該句主干為Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry，“名詞the latest models +分詞being entirely automatic and able to”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做結(jié)果狀語。翻譯：洗衣機承擔了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動洗衣機可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。

3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.該句主干為It is extremely wasteful to，it為形式主語，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為真正的主語。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中又有不定式結(jié)構(gòu)only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做結(jié)果狀語。

翻譯：社會花費大量時間與財力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費??！

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章探討女性位置的歸屬。作者從傳統(tǒng)觀念切入，從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責、承擔家庭事務(wù)和參與社會工作三個角度進行分析，指出女性除了照顧家庭之外還應(yīng)該在社會上工作，即女性不單屬于家庭，也屬于社會。

第一段開門見山，提出主題：女性的歸屬。傳統(tǒng)觀念認為女性屬于家庭，天職是照顧孩子。隨后作者從職責角度分析女性歸屬不再僅限于家庭，原因在于：一是家庭規(guī)模變小，二是女性生育期限減小，三是女性教育孩子時間縮短。

第二段從家庭角度進行分析：現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（家用電器、冷凍食品、人造纖維、成裝等）的發(fā)展大大減輕女性在家庭中的負擔與勞動量。第三段從社會角度進行分析：現(xiàn)代社會的良好運行需要女性的貢獻。以護士與教師兩大職業(yè)以及工業(yè)和貿(mào)易中女性的重要性為例指出女性對社會發(fā)展不可或缺。

四、試題具體分析

18.The author holds that ________.18．作者認為________。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不論已婚與否，所有女性的正確位置都屬于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

[B] 所有已婚女性都應(yīng)該在家庭之外有一份職

業(yè)

[C] 已婚女性應(yīng)當以母親的責任為重 [D] 沒有接受教育的已婚女性應(yīng)當留在家中照

顧家庭

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：作者觀點題。

文章第一段首句指出傳統(tǒng)觀念認為女性屬于家庭而不應(yīng)外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當今社會。隨后作者從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責、承擔家庭事務(wù)和參與社會工作三個角度展開分析論述，說明女性的歸屬不再僅限于家庭，她們應(yīng)當外出工作，為社會做出自己的貢獻，而社會也需要她們的貢獻。[B]選項正確。

[A]、[C]和[D]選項反向干擾，這三者都是傳統(tǒng)觀念，而不是作者的觀點。

19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

19．以家庭為重的女性________。[A] 把她的整個生活都奉獻給家庭 [B] 把自己與其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 還需要社會支付費用來接受特殊培訓(xùn)以實

現(xiàn)其作為家庭主婦的責任 [D] 應(yīng)當充分利用現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備 【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人認為以家庭為重的女性在家中總有很多事情可做。但接下來作者指出，現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（洗衣機、電冰箱、罐裝的冷凍食品、簡便購物、人造纖維和成裝）的發(fā)展大大減輕了女性在家庭中的勞動量，而女性應(yīng)該充分利用這些條件，[D]選項正確。

[A]選項常識干擾，這屬于傳統(tǒng)觀念，并非文章中作者所論述的觀點。[B]和[C]選項利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother進行干擾，[B]選項從文中無從推知，[C]選項是作者反對的觀念，作者認為女性應(yīng)當利用自己所接受的培訓(xùn)為社會做出貢獻，而非僅為實現(xiàn)家庭角色。

20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

20．作者認為現(xiàn)代社會________。[A] 即使沒有女性參與其中也能很好地運行 [B] 由于缺乏女性護士與教師而大大阻礙了

其發(fā)展

[C] 沒有女性的貢獻而無法良好運行 [D] 將繼續(xù)受到重工業(yè)與國際貿(mào)易中女性工

作人員短缺的嚴重影響

【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：作者觀點題。第三段②句明確指出，如果沒有女性在各個職業(yè)領(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻，現(xiàn)代社會將無法良好運行，[C]選項正確。

[A]選項反向干擾。[B]選項以偏概全，第三段僅是利用護士與教師兩大職業(yè)中女性的重要性說明女性對于社會發(fā)展不可或缺。[D]選項過度引申，首先文中提到的是工業(yè)與貿(mào)易兩大領(lǐng)域，并未具體到重工業(yè)與國際貿(mào)易；其次最后一段末句所提出的是一種假設(shè)的現(xiàn)象，而并非事實。

五、全文翻譯

傳統(tǒng)觀念認為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當今情況。人們認為照顧孩子是女性的天職，但是如今的家庭規(guī)模變小，孩子之間的年齡僅相差一兩歲，這樣女性生育孩子的整個期限也不過五年。此外，由于孩子在五六歲時開始接受義務(wù)教育，女性作為其子女主要教育者的角色也隨之終止。因此，即使我們都贊同女性在孩子入學之前應(yīng)當留在家中照顧他們，這段時間最長也不過十年。

有人可以辯解說，以家庭為重的女性在家庭中總有很多事情要做。這或許是事實，但是很顯然，女性沒必要花一輩子時間來做飯、打掃和縫縫補補。洗衣機承擔了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動洗衣機可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。電冰箱可以長時間存儲食物，并且現(xiàn)在很多冷凍食物都是罐裝，方便獲取。購物已經(jīng)不是每日必做的事情，你可以在一天之內(nèi)完成一周的采購。新型的人造纖維比自然纖維更耐穿，這大大減少了縫縫補補的需要，而成裝既價格便宜又貨源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外，社會的需要也必須納入考慮之中。如果沒有女性在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域和其他各種工作中的貢獻，現(xiàn)代社會無法良好運行。護士與教師領(lǐng)域人才短缺，而這只是兩種女性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)。社會花費大量時間與財力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費??！確實，這種培訓(xùn)會幫助她們做一個更好的媽媽，但是如果她們繼續(xù)工作，她們的服務(wù)將為社會帶來更多的利益。很多工廠與商店的工作人員也是女性，大多數(shù)都是已婚者。盡管培訓(xùn)在這種情況下不是主要問題，但是如果已婚女性不再工作的話，工業(yè)和貿(mào)易就會遭遇人員短缺的窘境。

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm?s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven?t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women?s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don?t know of any definite answers I?d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn?t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don?t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ?A nurse,? they laugh at me.I just smile and say, ?You know, there are female doctors, too.?”

Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It?s probably coming--but not very soon.一、試題結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文第一至三段指出男性正在從事越來越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔的工作，而且這些變化影響著長期存在的有關(guān)男性和女性工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念。第四至六段分析指出男性從事女性工作的動機和其他找工作的動機一樣：出于個人的興趣或經(jīng)濟上需要的考慮。第七、八段指出問題仍然存在：從事傳統(tǒng)女性工作的男性仍然很少，而且會惹人笑話。第九段以小學教師和男護士人數(shù)增加為例說明仍然有令人鼓舞的跡象，并展望未來從事傳統(tǒng)女性職業(yè)的男性會和女性一樣多。

二、試題具體解析

21.本題考核的知識點是：定語從句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為this was a person，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾person。副詞clearly為插入語，用來表示說話者對句子所表達的意思的態(tài)度?！驹~義確定】take pride in意為“以...為豪”。considerable意為“相當?shù)?可觀的”?！痉g】顯然，他是個對自己的儀表感到相當自豪的人。22.本題考核的知識點是：方式狀語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句，句首為Just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句?！驹~義確定】necessarily意為“必然，必定”。automatically意為“自動地”。【翻譯】正像卡車司機和建筑工人再沒必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。

23.本題考核的知識點是：并列分句，定語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句由but連接的兩個并列分句構(gòu)成。前一分句的主干為These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions，名詞短語the types of work后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干為they also produce some undeniable problems for the men，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞men?！驹~義確定】long-standing意為“長期存在的”。undeniable意為“不可否認的”?！痉g】這些變化正影響著長期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對于進入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來說，無疑也帶來一些問題。24.本題考核的知識點是：定語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為I don?t know of any definite answers，名詞answers后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句(that)I?d be comfortable with?！驹~義確定】know of意為“知道，聽說”。

【翻譯】我還沒聽說過有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案。25.本題考核的知識點是：賓語從句，時間狀語從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句是主從復(fù)合句，賓語從句由直接引語構(gòu)成。該從句是and連接的兩個并列分句：I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二個分句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

【詞義確定】out of the service意為“退職（役）”。go into意為“從事”。

【翻譯】他回憶說：“我覺得那種工作十分有趣，當我退役時，對我來說，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。

26.本題考核的知識點是：介詞短語表原因，定語從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干為men enter “female” jobs，介詞短語out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做狀語，表示“出于……的原因”。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞短語personal interest and economic necessity?！驹~義確定】necessity意為“需要，必需品，必然”。motivate意為“激發(fā)，給予動機”?！痉g】換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動機是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟上需要的考慮。27.本題考核的知識點是：并列分句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主語和表語都是不定式構(gòu)成。【詞義確定】line of work意為“職業(yè)”。invite意為“招致（尤指壞事）”。ridicule意為“嘲笑，愚弄”。

【翻譯】選定這一類工作是會惹人笑話的。28.本題考核的知識點是：并列分句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為Can we anticipate a day，兩個when引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞a day，具體說明什么樣的一天?！驹~義確定】mix意為“混合”。raise eyebrows意為“揚起眉毛；懷疑、吃驚的表情”?！痉g】我們是否能預(yù)見到這么一天：那時當秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個男人當護士時，人們不會再感到吃驚？

三、全文翻譯

坐在一家紐約公司前臺后面的接待員非常有效率。

這家公司穿著入時的新職員接電話時有著悅耳的聲音和自然的魅力，這使客戶感到自在。公司非常滿意：（21）顯然，他是個對自己的儀表感到相當自豪的人。接待員大衛(wèi)·金不同尋常，但絕非獨特。（22）正像卡車司機和建筑工人再沒必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。在以女性為主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域男性的數(shù)量仍然很少，他們也沒有像進入以男性為主的領(lǐng)域的女性那樣常常得到關(guān)注。但是男性正在從事越來越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔的工作。

嚴格來講，這不是新現(xiàn)象。過去幾十年中，男性已經(jīng)悄悄地進入護理、社會工作和基礎(chǔ)教育等領(lǐng)域。但是，如今沒有什么工作似乎是超出范圍的。男性也在辦公室準備咖啡、在飛機上準備食物。（23）這些變化正影響著長期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對于進入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來說，無疑也帶來一些問題。什么樣的男性冒險進入這些所謂的“女性領(lǐng)域”呢？各種各樣的男性。（24）“我還沒聽說過有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案”，威爾斯利大學女性研究中心的約瑟芬·普萊克博士解釋說。

比如，在一家波士頓醫(yī)院工作的30歲護士薩姆·沃蒙特從事護理工作，因為軍隊曾訓(xùn)練他成為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者。（25）他回憶說：“我覺得那種工作十分有趣，當我退役時，對我來說，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。我對于成為醫(yī)生并不真的感興趣?！比鍤q的大衛(wèi)·金是一位失業(yè)的演員，他找了一份接待員的工作，因為他很難在百老匯得到合適的角色，卻需要支付房租。

（26）換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動機是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟上需要的考慮。但是相似性也僅此而已。承擔女性主導(dǎo)的工作的男性是很明顯的。他們這個群體的工作歷史在大部分方面與其女性同事不同。他們經(jīng)常從那些在職業(yè)上有接觸的人那里得到不同的待遇。問題自然產(chǎn)生了：為什么仍然有99個女秘書，而只有1個男秘書？還有一個更嚴重的問題。大部分男性不想成為接待員、護士、秘書或縫紉工。簡單的說，這些工作通常不被認為是男性化的工作。（27）選定這一類工作是會惹人笑話的。

沃蒙特回憶說：“最初只是開玩笑。從學校來的孩子們問我是誰，當我說“是護士”，他們都嘲笑我。我只是笑著說“知道嗎，也有女醫(yī)生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的跡象。多年前，小學教師和男護士一樣稀有。如今，六個小學老師中至少有一個是男性。（28）我們是否能預(yù)見到這么一天：那時當秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個男人當護士時，人們不會再感到吃驚?

第五篇：1986年考研英語真題及解析

1986年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and［D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage.Read the whole passage before making your choices.(10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market.②For an hour or

she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and

a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had.③And then, with all the things she needed

she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour

she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look

without feeling they had to buy something.⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped

before a green armchair.⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours

less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” ⑦A pound a week...8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it!⑧A voice at her shoulder made her.“Can I help you, Madam?” ⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her.⑩“Oh, well, no,” she said.“I was just looking.” ○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom.If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.” 1○2Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly.[276 words] 1.［A］ so

［B］ more

［C］ else ［D］ another 2.［A］ taking ［B］ making ［C］ fixing ［D］ keeping 3.［A］ buy

［B］ bought

［C］ buying ［D］ to have bought 4.［A］ in a way ［B］ by the way ［C］ in the way ［D］ on the way 5.［A］ behind ［B］ round

［C］ back ［D］ on 6.［A］ doubted ［B］ wondered ［C］ puzzled ［D］ delighted 7.［A］ at

［B］ for

［C］ with ［D］ in 8.［A］ Why ［B］ When

［C］ How ［D］ What 9.［A］ jump ［B］ leap

［C］ laugh ［D］ wonder 10.［A］ place ［B］ back

［C］ side ［D］ front

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文記敘了一位女士一次購物的經(jīng)歷。

第一段總述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都進城購物。二至四段具體講述了她某一次的購物經(jīng)歷。

二、試題具體分析

1.［A］ so這么，那么

［B］ more更多 ［C］ else其他的，別的 ［D］ another另外一個 本題考核的知識點是：固定搭配+副詞用法。［快速解題］空格所在部分For an hour or 是句子的時間狀語，考生要判斷選項中哪個副詞代入能符合這一結(jié)構(gòu)并使文意通順?！璷r so是固定搭配，用在數(shù)字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一個小時左右”，說明了時間，符合文意。因此選［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句總說，交待人物（Annie）、時間（每周三下午）、地點（城鎮(zhèn)）、活動內(nèi)容（購物）。②③具體講述活動內(nèi)容：首先購買所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“櫥窗購物”（③句）。句間通過On Wednesday afternoons—For an hour or so—And then—another hour時間鏈條，in the market—up and down between the stalls—（leave the market）for the streets—furniture shop地點鏈條實現(xiàn)銜接。

［空格設(shè)置］此處考查so用作副詞的一個慣用語…or so，表示約指，例句：There were 20 people or so there.那兒差不多有20個人。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是常用的副詞。else用于疑問句或nothing，something，everybody等之后，如：What else did he say?他還說了些什么？or else意為“要不然，否則”，是連詞詞組，引導(dǎo)句子，如：Hurry up or else you’ll be late.快點，否則你就要遲到了。2.［A］ taking ［B］ making ［C］ fixing ［D］ keeping 本題考核的知識點是：固定搭配。

［快速解題］空格處填入的現(xiàn)在分詞其賓語為a sharp lookout for，與上文兩個分詞短語looking at…, buying…并列，都是句子謂語動詞的伴隨狀語，共同描述人物的購物行為。lookout來自動詞短語look out（留心尋覓；當心，提防），指“觀察所，瞭望臺（人員）”，keep a lookout（for sb/sth）為固定短語，意為“注意，留心”，它代入文中，指“敏銳地留意有時會出售的便宜貨”，符合文意，因此選［D］ keeping。

［篇章分析］②句較長，主干為she would walk，副詞短語up and down（來回地）與介詞短語between the stalls（穿梭于售貨攤之間）都是walk的狀語，分別表示方式與地點；looking…，buying…and keeping…三個并列的分詞短語是walk…stalls的伴隨動作。其中在keeping…分詞短語中又含有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾bargains。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查動詞短語，其中中心動詞keep與賓語lookout都可設(shè)空。例句：The public should keep a lookout for symptoms of the disease.公眾應(yīng)當留心這種疾病的癥狀。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是常用的簡單動詞，但不符合搭配。3.［A］ buy

［B］ bought ［C］ buying ［D］ to have bought 本題考核的知識點是：獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。

［快速解題］空格所在部分是“with+邏輯主語（all the things she needed）+__3__”獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中做狀語，其中she needed是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，后置修飾things，即“她需要的所有東西”。［A］buy是原形動詞，不用于獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中。［D］to have bought是不定式的完成式，用在這里不符合文意。［B］bought和［C］buying分別為過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞，由于things與buy是被動的邏輯關(guān)系，因此選[B]，即“她需要的所有東西都（被）買好之后”。

［篇章分析］③句主干是she would leave the market for the streets of the town，句首with…獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間，to spend…不定式短語做目的狀語。leave…for…表示“離開（某地）去……”。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查由介詞with引導(dǎo)的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。其中邏輯主語all the things和過去分詞bought之間為一個省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語從句she needed，構(gòu)成解答本題的最大障礙。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都設(shè)置為動詞buy的不同形式，需要考生理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)作出判斷。4.［A］ in a way在某種程度上，不完全地

［B］ by the way順便提一下，問一句 ［C］ in the way（…）以……的方式 ［D］ on the way即將去（或來）；在路途中 本題考核的知識點是：固定搭配辨析。

［快速解題］由選項可知，空格處填入一個以way為中心名詞的介詞短語。根據(jù)文意，只有in the way代入文中文意通順，即“以她最喜歡的方式再度過一小時”，因此選[C]。［篇章分析］空格部分in a way…是to spend的方式狀語，其中she liked best是省略關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，后置修飾way。冒號后的現(xiàn)在分詞短語looking in…為the way的同位語，解釋說明她再度過一小時的方式。

［空格設(shè)置］way是含義豐富的簡單詞，也可構(gòu)成許多固定搭配。它在文中取“方式，手段”的意思，如：Infectious diseases can be acquired in several ways.傳染病的感染途徑有幾種。因它在文中后邊接有定語從句，故前用定冠詞the限定修飾。in the way還可構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為“妨礙，擋路”，如：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我讓他們單獨在一起，因為我覺得我礙他們的事。

［干擾項設(shè)置］干擾項中都是way的常用固定搭配。例句：In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes.從某種意義上來說，這是我們所犯最大錯誤之一。What’s the time, by the way?順便問一句，幾點鐘了？The letter should be on its way to you.那封信該快到你那了。She stopped for breakfast on the way.她中途停下吃早點。

5.［A］(look)behind朝后面看

［B］(look)round環(huán)視，四處看；轉(zhuǎn)過頭看 ［C］(look)back 回首，回顧

［D］(look)on旁觀；把……看作；（以某種方式）看待 本題考核的知識點是：短語動詞。［快速解題］空格所在部分是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)with a notice inviting…，做后置定語修飾a new shop，現(xiàn)在分詞短語inviting…與notice之間是主動關(guān)系，說明通知的內(nèi)容?？崭裉幪钊氲母痹~與look構(gòu)成短語動詞，與walk in并列，在invite sb to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中都充當invite的賓語補足語。這部分的含義是：（商店貼出告示）邀請所有人進來并且……看看。既然是逛商店，應(yīng)該是“四處看”，［B］round符合文意。

［篇章分析］④句承接上文，引出Annie一次具體的櫥窗購物經(jīng)歷，下文都是對這次經(jīng)歷的具體講述。④句通過One Wednesday，a new shop（特指時間和地點）與第一段中On Wednesday afternoons，furniture shop（泛指時間和地點）的呼應(yīng)，實現(xiàn)語段銜接。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查由look構(gòu)成的短語動詞，是常規(guī)考點。例句：People came out of their houses and looked around.人們走出家門四處查看。Let’s look round the town this afternoon.咱們今天下午游覽市區(qū)吧。She looked round when she heard the noise.她聽到響聲，就回過頭去看。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項的副詞都可與look搭配，其中l(wèi)ook back與look on是固定短語。例句：to look back on your childhood回顧自己的童年。Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked.他遭人襲擊，路人只在一旁袖手旁觀。She’s looked on as the leading authority on the subject.她被視為這門學科的主要權(quán)威。They looked on his behavior with contempt.他們對他的行為不屑一顧。

6.［A］ doubted懷疑的，不能肯定的［B］ wondered ［C］ puzzled迷惑不解的［D］ delighted高興的，愉悅的 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義。

［快速解題］空格處填入一個過去分詞形式的形容詞，做she的主語補足語，描述主語的狀態(tài)，即當她（Annie）看到一把綠色的扶手椅時，她停下了，……。注意該句實際表示的含義是she stopped and she was。從下文我們可看出，這把椅子對Annie有吸引力，因此，此處表示的應(yīng)該是她的一種積極的情緒，只有delighted符合文意。delighted也與短首句中delightful相呼應(yīng)。wonder可以表示“感到詫異，驚訝”，但它常用sb wonders主動形式，其過去分詞較不常見。［空格設(shè)置］本題通過考查形容詞實際考查了對上下文的理解。另外，這里也涉及形容詞做主語補足語的語法知識。

［干擾項設(shè)置］wonder可意為“想知道，琢磨”，常用~ about sth或接wh-從句；或指“感到驚訝”，常用~at sth或接that從句，如：She wondered at her stupidity.她沒想到自己竟會這樣愚蠢。它對delight構(gòu)成同向干擾，但用法錯誤。doubted與puzzled構(gòu)成對delighted的反向干擾。7.［A］at ［B］for

［C］with ［D］in 本題考核的知識點是：介詞用法。

［快速解題］空格處填入的介詞后接錢數(shù)（less than a pound）做其賓語，表示椅子的價格。能夠單獨使用表示價格的只有for，因此選[B]。注意at也可以表示價格，但通常與sell，price（定價）等動詞連用。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查了for的特殊用法。for可意為in exchange for sth“換取，交換”，如：Copies are available for two dollars each.兩元一份。for表示交換還常與以下動詞搭配：bid/charge/offer+錢數(shù)+for sth（出價，競標/收費，要價/出價，報價）。［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是常用介詞。at可以表示價格、比率、速度等，意為“以……，在……”，如：old books selling at ten cents each以每本一角（的價格）出售的舊書；The tickets are priced at $100 each.每張票定價為100元。with可以表示工具，意為“使用，以，借”，如：Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切開。in可以表示使用的語言、材料等，如：I paid in cash.我用現(xiàn)金支付的。8.［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What 本題考核的知識點是：感嘆詞。［快速解題］空格所在句子（⑦句）描述了Annie看到廣告后的心理活動?？崭袂笆鞘÷跃?，是對上文(This fine chair is yours for less than)a pound a week關(guān)于椅子價格的重復(fù)；空格后是結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，說明人物的所想?？崭裼枚禾柛糸_，填入一個插入成分，獨立于前后兩部分的結(jié)構(gòu)之外，對句意起補充說明的作用。選項是四個疑問詞，可直接引導(dǎo)句子；但why還可以做感嘆詞，用于表示“驚訝、不耐煩”等，常單獨使用，用逗號與其他部分隔開，符合文中用法；它代入文中，表明Annie對椅子的低價格的驚嘆，符合文意，因此選[A]。其他項都不符合文中語法要求，應(yīng)排除。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查了why的熟詞僻義。why基本用法是做疑問副詞，詢問原因。它也可充當關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或引導(dǎo)以the reason為先行詞的定語從句。但它還有做感嘆詞的特殊用法，例句：Why, it’s easy—a child could do it!哎呀，這容易得很，連小孩子都干得了！

［干擾項設(shè)置］干擾項中都是常用的疑問詞，并也都可做關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)從句。when是疑問副詞，詢問時間；或用作關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或定語從句，如：Sunday is the only day when I can relax.星期日是我唯一可以休息的日子。它也用做連詞引導(dǎo)時間等狀語從句，如：I loved history when I was at school.我上學時喜歡歷史。how也是疑問副詞，用以詢問方式等；或做關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，如：Do you remember how the kids always loved going there?你記得孩子們總喜歡去那里嗎？它有時也引導(dǎo)狀語從句，相當于however，如：I’ll dress how I like in my own house.我在自己家里愛怎么穿就怎么穿。what是疑問代詞，用于指物，意為“什么”；或用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，如：What you need is a good meal.你需要的是一頓美餐。what可單獨使用，表示提問（沒聽見或沒聽懂時，或聽到對方的話后問對方要什么），或表示驚訝或憤怒，如：‘Mummy！’ ‘What？’ ‘I’m thirsty.’“媽咪！”“什么事？”“我渴?！薄甀t will cost $500.’‘What?’“這東西要花500元?！薄罢娴?” 9.［A］ jump跳，躍

［B］ leap跳躍，跳越 ［C］ laugh笑

［D］ wonder想知道，琢磨 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+動詞辨析。

［快速解題］空格處填入一個動詞，在make sb do結(jié)構(gòu)中做her的賓語補足語，說明肩膀上傳來的聲音使她（Annie）產(chǎn)生的行為。根據(jù)文意及常識，當Annie在專心致志地看廣告語時，突然傳來的聲音應(yīng)當使她“嚇一跳”，而不可能是“笑”或“想”，首先排除[C]，[D]兩項。[A]jump及[B]leap都可指“跳”的動作，但文中顯然是比喻的說法，而并不一定是真的“跳起來”，jump可指 “（因吃驚、害怕或激動而）猛地一動，突然一跳”，更符合文意，因此選[A]。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查了常用動詞jump的熟詞僻義。例句：Her heart jumped when she heard the news.聽到那消息她的心猛地一跳。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是常用動詞且符合文中的語法要求。其中l(wèi)eap構(gòu)成對jump的近義干擾。jump僅表示“跳”的一般動作，即離開地面或物體表面的“跳，躍”，也指“跳過，躍過”，如：to jump into the air/the last hurdle跳到空中/跨越最后一個欄桿。leap強調(diào)to jump high or a long way“跳得高或遠”，如：The horse leapt a five-foot wall.那匹馬躍過了一道五英尺高的墻。二者都可指“快速移動，突然移動”，leap可引申指“突然做某事”，如：leap into action。二者還都引申為“猛漲，激增”。

10.［A］ place地點，位置，區(qū)域；表面的某處，身體某處；座位；地位，資格，名額 ［B］ back背部，后部，背面，（書等的）末尾

［C］ side一邊，一側(cè)，側(cè)面，邊緣，肋；近旁，身邊；一方，一派；方面 ［D］ front正面，前面，前部，胸部；前線，陣線；表面，外表，掩護 本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+名詞辨析。［快速解題］該句是說明Annie在聽到有人說話后的反應(yīng)：她轉(zhuǎn)過頭看著悄悄來到她……的店員。空格處填入一個名詞，說明店員所處的相對Annie的位置。根據(jù)文意，既然是轉(zhuǎn)頭看（look round at），[D]“來到她前面”可首先排除；店員應(yīng)該是來到顧客的“身側(cè)”與他們交談，[A]“來到她的位置”，[B]“來到她的背后”也不符合語境，可排除。因此[C]正確。side也與上文at her shoulder相呼應(yīng)。

［空格設(shè)置］本題考查了side表示“身旁”的特殊用法。例句：keep close to my side緊挨著我。

［干擾項設(shè)置］其他項都是可以表示方位或身體部位的常用名詞。全文翻譯

每周三的下午安妮會乘公交車到城里的市場上去買東西。大約一個小時，她會在貨攤間走來走去，查看商品，時不時買點什么，同時敏銳地留心有時有售的便宜貨。然后，買全了她所需要的所有物品后，她會離開市場，到城里的街道上去，再花上一小時做她最喜歡做的事：透過家具店的櫥窗往里看。

一個星期三下午，她發(fā)現(xiàn)一家新開的家具店，店里都是非常討人喜歡的東西，店外貼著一張告示，邀請所有的人進去四處看看，但不必非要買什么東西。安妮在邁過門道前猶豫了一會，而幾乎就在同時，她充滿欣喜地在門口處一把綠色的扶手椅前停住了。椅子上有一張卡片，上面寫著：每周只需花不到一磅，這把精美的椅子就是你的了。底部是非常小的字體：現(xiàn)金價格89.5磅。一周一磅……，嘿，她幾乎可以節(jié)省每周的家用開支來為它買單，從而不會錯過它！“您有什么需要的嗎，女士？”從肩膀上傳來的一個聲音使她嚇了一跳。她轉(zhuǎn)過頭看著悄悄來到她身邊的店員?！班蓿牛瑳]什么，”她說，“我只是看看?！薄拔覀兊恼故鹃g里有各種各樣的椅子。如果你進來看看，你會找到適合你的東西?！?/p>

安妮擔心自己會被說服買并不需要的東西，匆匆離開了商店。Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)

Text 1 ①There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization.②You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching.③But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.④There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.⑤We can call these people “generalists.” ⑥And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.①The specialist understands one field;his concern is with technique and tools.②He is a “trained” man;and his educational background is properly technical or professional.③The generalist — and especially the administrator — deals with people;his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.④He is an “educated” man;and the humanities are his strongest foundation.⑤Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.⑥And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field.⑦Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions.⑧It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.①Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you--but this is pure accident.②Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job.③At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job;it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.一、詞匯

1.generalist 通才

2.humanities 人文學科

二、長難句

1.But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.句子主干為there is an increasing demand for people … people，兩個people后分別接有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語。翻譯：但對那些一眼就能注意到很大區(qū)域、可能對任一領(lǐng)域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。2.And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.句子主干為these “generalists” are particularly needed，介詞短語for positions in administration做狀語，意為“對于管理職位而言”。兩個where引導(dǎo)的并列定語從句做后置定語修飾先行詞positions in administration，where相當于in which(=positions in administration)。第一個where從句的主干為it is their job to see that …，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。第二個where從句的謂語為并列的結(jié)構(gòu)have to plan…(have)to organize和(have)to begin。翻譯：管理職位尤其需要這樣的“通才”，在管理職位上“通才”的職責是：確保他人完成工作，必須為他人制定計劃，組織他人的工作，發(fā)起工作且對工作做出評判。

3.It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.句子主干是It is your task to find out …and to plan your career，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to find out …and to plan your career，find out后接into which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該從句也可改為which of the two kinds of jobs you fit into，之間插入的介詞短語during …做時間狀語。翻譯：你的任務(wù)是在訓(xùn)練期間從兩種工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)適合自己的那一種，并對自己的職業(yè)作出相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析 本文涉及社會人才。文章介紹了社會需要的兩類人才，并對人們在工作培訓(xùn)期間的任務(wù)以及對待第一份工作應(yīng)采取的態(tài)度提出建議。

第一段：指出在大量職業(yè)日益強調(diào)專業(yè)性的同時，社會對通才的需求也在增加，并介紹了通才的特點和主要的工作內(nèi)容。

第二段：分別指出專家和通才這兩類人才各自的所長、二者的關(guān)系、組織對其需求狀況、并指出人們在工作培訓(xùn)期間的主要任務(wù)是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己屬于哪一類人才。第三段：就人們對待第一份工作應(yīng)采取的態(tài)度提出建議。

四、試題具體分析

11.There is an increasing demand for 11.（社會）對_____的需求在增加。________.[A] all round people in their own fields [A]自己所在領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的多面手 [B] people whose job is to organize other [B] 組織他人工作的人員 people’s work

[C] generalists whose educational background [C] 具有技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育背景的通才 is either technical or professional [D] specialists whose chief concern is to [D] 主要為他人提供管理指導(dǎo)的專家 provide administrative guidance to others [分析]本題考核的知識點是：事實細節(jié)題。

第一段③④句指出，對“一眼即能看到很大范圍，可能對任一領(lǐng)域都知之不多；能夠看到森林而不是樹木，能夠做出總體判斷”的人的需求在日益增加。⑤句將這一類人定義為通才。⑥句指出，管理領(lǐng)域尤需通才來組織他人的工作。題干和[B]選項為該部分內(nèi)容的概括，people 即指通才。

[A]選項錯在in their own fields。all around people 是generalist的近義替換，但文中并沒有將通才的了解范圍限定為自己的領(lǐng)域。[C]、[D]選項混淆了通才和專家的描述而形成干擾。whose educational background is either technical or professional是對專家的描述（第二段②句）；whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others是對通才的描述（第一段末句）。

12.The specialist is ________.12.專家是______。[A] a man whose job is to train other people [A] 對他人進行培訓(xùn)者 [B] a man who has been trained in more than [B] 在不只一個領(lǐng)域受過培訓(xùn)者 one fields [C] a man who can see the forest rather than the [C] 能見森林而非樹木者 trees [D] a man whose concern is mainly with [D] 關(guān)注對象主要為技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)問題者 technical or professional matters [分析]本題考核的知識點是：概念細節(jié)題。第二段①②句指出，專家的主要關(guān)注對象是技術(shù)和工具，他受過恰當?shù)募夹g(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育。[D]選項是對這兩句內(nèi)容的概括，為正確選項。

[A]選項利用動詞train作為干擾，專家是“受過培訓(xùn)者”而非“培訓(xùn)他人者”。[B]編造了文中沒有的信息in more than one fields，故排除。[C]選項張冠李戴，該內(nèi)容為對通才的描述。13.The administrator is ________.13.管理者是_____ [A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist [A] 更傾向于是受過良好培訓(xùn)的專家而非通than a generalist 才

[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the [B] 既能看到樹木又能看到森林的人 forest [C] a man who is very strong in the humanities [C] 非常擅長人文學科者

[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist [D] 受過良好教育的專家 [分析] 本題考核的知識點：概念細節(jié)題。

第二段③句指出了通才，尤其是管理者的工作對象和工作內(nèi)容。緊接著④句指出，人文學科是他最堅強的基石。[C]選項為④句的同義改寫，為正確選項。

[A]、[D]選項反向干擾，第二段⑤句明確指出，鮮有專家能夠勝任管理者。從第二段的描述可知，管理者更傾向于是通才，[B]選項偷梁換柱，將通才的特點see the forest rather than the trees改為see the trees as well as the forest。

14.During your training period, it is 14.在你的培訓(xùn)期間，____非常重要。important________.[A] to try to be a generalist [A] 努力成為通才 [B] to choose a profitable job [B] 選擇高收益的工作 [C] to find an organization which fits you [C] 選擇適合你的機構(gòu)

[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a [D] 決定你是適合做專家還是通才 specialist or a generalist [分析] 本題考核的知識點是：作者觀點細節(jié)題。

根據(jù)題干的時間關(guān)鍵詞during your training period定位到第二段末句。該句指出，在培訓(xùn)期間，你的任務(wù)是從兩類工作（two kinds of jobs）中找到適合你的一種，并作出相應(yīng)的職業(yè)規(guī)劃。根據(jù)上文可知，two kinds of jobs即指“專家”和“通才”。故[D]選項正確。[A]與文義不符，[B]、[C]文中未提及。15.A man’s first job ________.15.一個人的第一份工作_____。[A] is never the right job for him [A] 永遠不會是適合他的工作 [B] should not be regarded as his final job [B] 不應(yīng)該被看做他的最后一份工作

[C] should not be changed or people will [C] 不應(yīng)更換，否則人們會對他保住工作的become suspicious of his ability to hold any job 能力產(chǎn)生懷疑

[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for [D] 從根本上講是使其適合最終工作的一次his final job 機會 [分析]本題考核的知識點是：作者觀點細節(jié)題

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞first job定位到文章最后一段。該段③句指出，不要把你的第一份工作看做最后一份工作，[B]為正確選項。

該段①句指出，你的第一份工作有可能恰好是適合你的工作，[A]選項不合文義。[C]選項偷梁換柱，將②句中should not change jobs constantly改為should not change your first job，從而與原文產(chǎn)生意義偏差。[D]選項錯在final job。③句指出，第一份工作是一個認識自己和自己工作專長的機會，而不是使自己適合最終工作的機會。

五、全文翻譯

大量職業(yè)在日益強調(diào)專業(yè)性。這類職業(yè)常見于工程、生產(chǎn)、統(tǒng)計、教學領(lǐng)域。但對那些一眼就能注意到很大區(qū)域、可能對任一領(lǐng)域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。換言之，社會需要那些能夠看到森林而非樹木、能夠做出總體判斷的人。我們可以稱這些人為“通才”。管理職位尤其需要這樣的“通才”，在管理職位上“通才”的職責是：確保他人完成工作，必須為他人制定計劃，組織他人的工作，發(fā)起工作且對工作做出評判。

專家精通某一領(lǐng)域；他關(guān)注的是技術(shù)和工具。他是“受過良好訓(xùn)練”者；他有良好的技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育背景。通才，尤其是管理者，與人打交道；他關(guān)注的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、規(guī)劃及方向設(shè)定。他是“受過良好教育”者；人文學科是其最堅強的基石。鮮有專家能夠勝任管理者。同樣，優(yōu)秀的通才很少同時也是某一特定領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)秀專家。任何組織都同時需要這兩種人，雖然組織不同，需求的比例亦不同。你的任務(wù)是在訓(xùn)練期間從兩種工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)適合自己的那一種，并對自己的職業(yè)作出相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃。

你的第一份工作可能恰好是適合你的工作——但這純屬巧合。當然，你不應(yīng)頻繁更換工作，否則人們將懷疑你是否有能力保住一份工作。同時，你也一定不要把第一份工作看做最后一份工作；它主要是一份培訓(xùn)工作，一個認識自己和自己工作專長的機會。

Text 2 ①At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man.②It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain.③Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps.④Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area.⑤Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions.⑥The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America.⑦The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world--the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.①The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions.②This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited.③Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia--a region rich in forest and mining industries.④Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.一、詞匯

1.mighty 巨大的，非凡的2.elevation 高度

3.Antarctica 南極地區(qū) 4.Arctic 北極地區(qū)

5.drifting 漂移的6.hem sb/sth in包圍，限制（某人/某事物）

7.unobstructed 無障礙的 8.refrigerated 冰冷的 9.inhabited 有人居住的 10.Alaska 阿拉斯加 11.Siberia西伯利亞

12.Scandinavia 斯堪的納維亞

二、長難句

1.The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world--the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.句子的主干為The Antarctic is a continent，名詞continent后為三個并列的后置定語almost as large as…，(which is)centered roughly on …和(which is)surrounded by …。

翻譯：南極地區(qū)是一塊面積幾乎等于歐洲和澳洲之和、以南極為大致中心的大陸。其周圍環(huán)繞著世界上最為廣闊的水域——大西洋、太平洋及印度洋。

2.This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited.句子的主干是This cold air current from the land is so forceful that …，so … that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。that從句的主干是it makes the nearby seas the stormiest and renders those regions … unlivable，謂語動詞make和render都接有“賓語+形容詞賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)。render所接結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補unlivable提前到賓語those regions前，因為該賓語后接有較長的后置定語，即whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。翻譯：來自大陸的冷氣流的強度足以讓附近的海洋成為世界上暴風雪最為肆虐的地方，使南極區(qū)域成為無法居住的地區(qū)，而在地球另一端同樣的位置卻有人居住。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇地理方面的說明文。文章通過與北極地區(qū)做對比，介紹了南極地區(qū)的地理狀況、人類對其探索程度、該地區(qū)的氣候及不可居住性。

第一段：介紹南極地區(qū)的地理狀況，及人類對其探索程度。第二段：介紹南極地區(qū)的氣候及其不適宜居住性。

四、試題具體分析

16.The best title for this selection would be 16.本節(jié)選部分的最佳題目是______。________.[A] Iceland [A] 冰川 [B] Land of Opportunity [B] 機會的土地 [C] The Unknown Continent [C] 未知的大陸 [D] Utopia at Last [D] 最終的烏托邦 [分析] 本題考核知識點是：文章主旨題。

文章第一段介紹了人類對南極地區(qū)的探索程度以及南極地區(qū)的地理狀況。第二段介紹了南極地區(qū)的氣候條件，并通過與北極地區(qū)的氣候條件做比指出該地區(qū)不適合居住。可見，本文是一篇介紹南極地區(qū)的文章。而文章①句說明，南極地區(qū)是一片非凡的的大陸。②至④句指出，南極地區(qū)山川的跨度和高度尚未確定、其大部分地區(qū)在我們的地圖上都是空白、人們已探索的面積尚不足該大陸的百分之一，即，人類對南極大陸知之甚少。綜合以上分析，[C]選項正確，The Unknown Continent 即指南極大陸。文章并非只局限于對極地冰川的介紹，排除[A]選項。文章也并未指出南極地區(qū)蘊藏著豐富的機會，排除[B]。[D]選項和文章內(nèi)容相反，文中指出，南極氣候不適合人類居住，而并非生活的樂土。

17.At the time this article was written, our 17.在撰寫本文時，我們關(guān)于南極的知識knowledge of Antarctica was ________.____。[A] very limited [A] 非常有限 [B] vast [B] 范圍很廣 [C] fairly rich [C] 相當豐富 [D] nonexistent [D] 不存在 [分析]本題考核知識點：細節(jié)概括題。第一段②至④句指出，南極地區(qū)山川的跨度和高度尚未確定、其大部分地區(qū)在我們的地圖上都是空白、人們已探索的面積尚不足該大陸的百分之一。[A]limited為“人們對南極了解程度”的正確概括。

18.Antarctica is bordered by the ________.18.南極地區(qū)的邊緣為____。[A] Pacific Ocean [A] 太平洋 [B] Indian Ocean [B] 印度洋 [C] Atlantic Ocean [C] 大西洋 [D] All three [D] 以上三個都包括 [分析]本題考核的知識點是：事實細節(jié)題。

第一段末句指出，南極大陸被大西洋、太平洋和印度洋所包圍。[D]選項正確。

19.The Antarctic is made uninhabitable 19.南極地區(qū)不適宜居住的主要原因為primarily by ________._________。[A] cold air [A] 冷空氣 [B] calm seas [B]平靜的大海 [C] ice [C] 冰 [D] lack of knowledge about the continent [D] 對該大陸了解的缺乏 [分析] 本題考核的知識點是：因果細節(jié)題。第二段②句指出，距北極某一距離的一些地區(qū)適宜居住，而來自大陸的強冷氣流使得具南極同等距離的地區(qū)卻無法居?。═his cold air current …renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited）。[A]選項正確。20.According to this article ________.20.根據(jù)本文可知，______。[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent [A] 有2000人住在南極大陸

[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of [B] 有一百萬人住在距南極兩千英里的范the South Pole 圍內(nèi)

[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius [C] 以南極為中心，2000英里為半徑的區(qū)of the South Pole make settlements impractical 域內(nèi)的天氣條件不適合居住 [D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica [D] 南極地區(qū)只有很少的本地人居住 [分析]本題考核知識點：細節(jié)綜合題。第二段②句指出，北極的一些地區(qū)適宜居住，而來自大陸的強冷氣流使南極地區(qū)卻無法居住。③④句指出，在距北極2000英里的區(qū)域內(nèi)，居住著一百多萬人口；而在距南極同樣距離的范圍內(nèi)，則連一棵樹、一家企業(yè)、一個定居點都沒有。[C]選項為對該部分內(nèi)容的概述。

五、全文翻譯

在世界底端存在著一片尚被冰川覆蓋的、不久之前才為人所知的非凡的大陸。這是一片廣闊的陸地，其山川的跨度和高度尚未確定。它的大部分地區(qū)在我們的地圖上都還是空白。人類步行探索的范圍尚不足其面積的百分之一。南極和北極地區(qū)存在著根本的差異。北極地區(qū)是一片被巨大的歐、亞、北美大陸所包圍、被漂移的冰塊所覆蓋的大海。南極地區(qū)是一塊面積幾乎等于歐洲和澳洲之和、以南極為大致中心的大陸。其周圍環(huán)繞著世界上最為廣闊的水域——大西洋、太平洋及印度洋。

大陸冰蓋的中心高達兩英里多，因此，南極上空的空氣比北極地區(qū)更冰冷。來自大陸的冷氣流的強度足以讓附近的海洋成為世界上暴風雪最為肆虐的地方，使南極區(qū)域成為無法居住的地區(qū)，而在地球另一端同樣的位置卻有人居住。因此，在距北極2000英里范圍內(nèi)包括大部分的阿拉斯加、西伯利亞、斯堪的納維亞的這樣一個林業(yè)和礦業(yè)豐富的地區(qū)，居住著一百多萬人口。而在距南極同等距離的區(qū)域內(nèi)，除了少數(shù)幾家氣象站外，連一棵樹，一家產(chǎn)業(yè)、或一個定居點都沒有。

Section III English-Chinese Translation Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.(21)If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(22)If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.(23)Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(24)Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest.They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist.If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now.I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”

(25)There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.(26)This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(27)He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.(28)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文強調(diào)了要為大學生提供更多課程方面的信息，從而使他們在對各門不同學科進行鉆研之后，選擇符合自己興趣和能力的學科。

二、試題具體解析

21.本題考核的知識點是：主從復(fù)合句、形式主語。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，主句為it is not hard to see …，可以采用順譯法，保留句子原來的順序。主句中it為形式主語，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to see …為真正的主語。how difficult it is … abilities為see的賓語從句。從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為how difficult it is for a student to …，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to select the course，過去分詞短語most suited to his interests and abilities做后置定語，修飾先行詞the course。翻譯該從句時應(yīng)將真正的主語內(nèi)容譯出。

【詞義確定】variety(of sth)意為“不同種類，多種式樣”；suited to sth意為“合適，適當”?！痉g】如果想一想那些為學生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個學生來說，要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。22.本題考核的知識點是：主從復(fù)合句、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，主句為he will undoubtedly benefit。條件句的主干為If a student goes to university，三個并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做目的狀語：to acquire … to enlarge … and to learn …。

【詞義確定】acquire意為“獲得，取得，學到”；perspective意為“看法，觀點”?！痉g】如果一個學生進大學是為了想獲得一個對生活前景更廣泛的認識，為了擴大思想境界和學會獨立思考，那么毫無疑問，進大學對他是有好處的。23.本題考核的知識點是：固定結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、狀語。【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere to …。注意，too … to … 結(jié)構(gòu)除了用于“too + 形容詞或副詞+ to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容詞+ a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ to do sth”。句末為較長的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to allow … 做結(jié)果狀語。Atmosphere和不定式之間插入的介詞短語with its time tables and disciplines做狀語，根據(jù)語義，可以譯為漢語的原因狀語?！驹~義確定】restricting意為“限制的”；atmosphere意為“氣氛”；allow(sb sth)意為“給予……”；assessment意為“估價，評估”。

【翻譯】學校由于受課程表和紀律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學生沒有充分時間對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨立的見解。

24.本題考核的知識點是：插入語，方式狀語，主語補語

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的插入語部分I believe可放在句子最前面，從而看成“主謂句+賓語從句”的句型，譯為：我認為……。賓語從句的主干是Most students would profit by …，介詞短語by a year of …studies做方式狀語，修飾profit，譯為“通過/經(jīng)過……”。句末especially those …是從句主語的補語，翻譯時可提前跟在主語后?！驹~義確定】exploration意為“探測，探索”，這里根據(jù)與academic studies的搭配，譯為“鉆研”。all rounder意為“多面手”，根據(jù)上下文譯為“全面發(fā)展的學生”。

【翻譯】我認為大多數(shù)學生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學生”，經(jīng)過一年左右的時間對各門不同學科的鉆研，將會從中獲益。25.本題考核的知識點是：there be句型、后置定語

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為there be句型，即There is another side，介詞短語to the question …做后置定語，修飾名詞side。其中question后跟有介詞短語of how to make the best use of one’s time at university做后置定語，說明其具體內(nèi)容?！驹~義確定】side意為“方面”；介詞to意為“屬于，關(guān)于，對于”；make the best use of意為“充分地利用”。

【翻譯】當然，關(guān)于一個人如何最充分地利用上大學的時間，還有另外一個方面。26.本題考核的知識點是：定語從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干是This is the case of the student，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞student。【詞義確定】case意為“情形，情況”。excel in意為“在……方面出類拔萃”；branch of learning意為“知識的一門分科”。

【翻譯】某一學科中出類拔萃的學生就屬于這種情況。27.本題考核的知識點是：分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句的主干為He is immediately accepted by … , and spends his three or four years becoming … , 其中謂語部分為and連接的兩個動詞短語，前一個是被動語態(tài)is accepted by，后一個是spend time doing sth的結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of …做結(jié)果狀語，由于該部分較長，可單獨譯成一句。句末名詞從句what the rest of the world is all about做介詞of的賓語。

【詞義確定】the University of his choice和little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about中choice和knowledge都有動作含義，應(yīng)譯為“選擇大學”和“了解外界”。emerge意為“露頭，出現(xiàn)”?！痉g】他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學所接受，再花三、四年時間成為一名專家。結(jié)果他以優(yōu)異的成績?nèi)〉脴s譽學位，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。28.本題考核的知識點是：主語從句、條件狀語從句 【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干是It therefore becomes more and more important that …，其中it為形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。主語從句中嵌套了if條件句，主語從句的主干為there will have to be much more detailed information。由于主語從句較長，可以先單獨譯成一句話?！痉g】因此，如果要學生好好利用他們上大學的機會，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的的建議。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。

三、全文翻譯

發(fā)現(xiàn)有多少上大學的年輕人對將來要做什么沒有任何明確的想法，將是一件有趣的事情。（21）如果想一想那些為學生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個學生來說，要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。（22）如果一個學生進大學是為了想獲得一個對生活前景更廣泛的認識，為了擴大思想境界和學會獨立思考，那么毫無疑問，進大學對他是有好處的。（23）學校由于受課程表和紀律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學生沒有充分時間對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨立的見解。（24）我認為大多數(shù)學生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學生”，經(jīng)過一年左右的時間對各門不同學科的鉆研，將會從中獲益。他們應(yīng)該有更長的時間來決定想拿什么學科的學位，以便在以后的歲月里回顧過去時不會說，“我希望自己是一名考古學家。如果我沒有獲得現(xiàn)代語言的學位，就不會成為一名翻譯，但現(xiàn)在為時已晚。我不能回頭再重新來過了。

（25）當然，關(guān)于一個人如何最充分地利用上大學的時間，還有另外一個方面。（26）某一學科中出類拔萃的學生就屬于這種情況。（27）他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學所接受，再花三、四年時間成為一名專家。結(jié)果他以優(yōu)異的成績?nèi)〉脴s譽學位，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。（28）因此，如果要學生好好利用他們上大學的機會，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的的建議。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。只有這樣，我們才能確保：一方面，我們不會有一幫對自己學科以外的事情完全無知的專家，另一方面，我們不會有越來越多的畢業(yè)生具備這個工作世界很少或沒有需求的學科的知識。