第一篇:公路工程招投標(biāo)文件漢英翻譯剖析
摘要: 隨著利用外資貸款的公路工程項(xiàng)目的增多, 招投標(biāo)文件的漢英翻譯工作愈顯重要。通過分析目標(biāo)文獻(xiàn)的語言特征, 從而探討翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則, 希望能對(duì)翻譯工作者起到一定的幫助作用。
關(guān)鍵詞: 招投標(biāo);語言特征;翻譯原則 引言
自從京津塘高速公路成為我國首個(gè)利用世界銀行貸款, 實(shí)行國際競爭性招標(biāo), 按照FIDIC條款修建的跨省、市的高速公路工程, 并取得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)效益以來, 我國利用外資貸款項(xiàng)目修建的公路工程項(xiàng)目逐漸增多。尤其根據(jù)中國加入WTO后對(duì)公路市場的承諾, 國內(nèi)公路承包市場更加規(guī)范更加開放, 且必將有更多的外資輸入中國市場。根據(jù)世界銀行的規(guī)定, 招標(biāo)文件應(yīng)該包括: 招標(biāo)邀請(qǐng)書、投標(biāo)人須知、標(biāo)書格式、合同格式、一般的和特殊的條款、技術(shù)規(guī)格、貨物清單或數(shù)量和圖紙清單、必要的文件如各種擔(dān)保形式等;投標(biāo)文件則是對(duì)招標(biāo)文件的響應(yīng), 需要填寫各種表格或承諾各項(xiàng)要求, 這些都是評(píng)標(biāo)的依據(jù)。按照國際慣例, 利用招標(biāo)方式采購貨物、工程和服務(wù)時(shí), 與招標(biāo)活動(dòng)有關(guān)的一切文件資料, 包括招標(biāo)文件、投標(biāo)文件、合同范本、雙方往來信函等, 均須用英文編制, 即使允許用非英文的語言編制, 也須隨附一份英文譯本備案, 發(fā)生含義解釋分歧時(shí)以英文版為準(zhǔn)。因此對(duì)招投標(biāo)文件相關(guān)資料的理解和翻譯就成了競標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)工作, 貫穿于整個(gè)競
標(biāo)過程, 必須予以足夠的重視。為了探討公路工程招投標(biāo)文件的漢英翻譯, 筆者結(jié)合工作中的體會(huì), 擬通過詳細(xì)分析招投標(biāo)文件的語言特征, 歸納總結(jié)出翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則。1 公路工程招投標(biāo)文件的語言特征
招投標(biāo)文件屬于嚴(yán)肅的書面文體, 作為具有法律效應(yīng)且用以約束工程招投標(biāo)雙方的文獻(xiàn), 其具備以下幾個(gè)特征。
1.1 為保證語言的明晰性, 準(zhǔn)確用詞, 甚至不惜指代重復(fù), 同時(shí)又存在一定模糊語言現(xiàn)象 1.1.1 招投標(biāo)文獻(xiàn)需要將招投標(biāo)雙方的意愿清晰地表達(dá)出來, 首先要考慮的問題就是語言的明晰性,其主要依賴于用詞的準(zhǔn)確性, 這在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇上顯得尤為突出。
現(xiàn)以shall和will為例: shall一詞在文件、合同、條約和規(guī)章中多表示客觀義務(wù)或規(guī)定, 有時(shí)還帶有一定的強(qiáng)制性, 因此在招標(biāo)文件里要求投標(biāo)人必須做到的條款應(yīng)多用shall。Ex.1 Any price modification of Bid Price shall be strictly in the form of “Modified Bid Price Declaration”.譯: 對(duì)報(bào)價(jià)所作的任何修改應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格按照“標(biāo)價(jià)修改聲明”的形式。Shall在這里雖然只是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 字面的意思是“應(yīng)該”, 但其中包含的意思卻是“必須”。如果承包商調(diào)整報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)不嚴(yán)格按照聲明的形式, 業(yè)主將不會(huì)接受這個(gè)調(diào)整后的報(bào)價(jià), 而仍舊按原報(bào)價(jià)執(zhí)行, 致使承包商費(fèi)盡心思得到信息來源從而調(diào)整報(bào)價(jià)為了中標(biāo)的目的就極可能落空。Ex.2 This project shall be completed before October 30, 2005.招標(biāo)人向投標(biāo)人提出“工程應(yīng)于2005年10月30日前完工”的要求字面看來語氣比較委婉, 實(shí)際卻是不容置疑的。首先, 如果在投標(biāo)文件里承包商提出的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)不能按期竣工, 則肯定不會(huì)中標(biāo)。此外, 即使承包商以書面形式作了承諾, 在實(shí)際施工時(shí)卻達(dá)不到要求, 也必然會(huì)被重罰。Will不同于shall, 它用來表示說話人的主觀愿望和打算, 不帶有強(qiáng)制性。因此, 在投標(biāo)文件中,投標(biāo)人自己的愿望應(yīng)多用will來表示。
Ex.3 In case of severe cold weather in winter,to guarantee the concrete quality, the method of steam atomizing for concrete curing will be adopted.句中投標(biāo)人運(yùn)用了will來說明在冬天, 如果天氣特別冷, 混凝土將采用蒸汽養(yǎng)生。因?yàn)閣ill在這里所表示的是投標(biāo)人的意向和打算, 而沒有必須的含義在里面, 所以譯為“將要”, 故在此最好不用shall。
Ex.4 For this project, 8 000 square meters of living area will be supply to the construction staff and workers in order to meet the demand.句中投標(biāo)人打算為此工程施工人員提供8 000m2的生活住房, 沒有必須的含義在里面, 目的是達(dá)到招標(biāo)方的要求。
從以上兩個(gè)例句中可以看出, 投標(biāo)人在投標(biāo)文件中運(yùn)用will, 既可以滿足對(duì)方要求, 又不會(huì)把自己局限在其中, 使自己在今后的工作中有較強(qiáng)的靈活性。
1.1.2 通常情況下, 翻譯都需要行文簡練, 但為了盡可能把一切都寫得準(zhǔn)確無疑, 定義準(zhǔn)確無誤, 作者往往會(huì)不借筆墨重復(fù)名詞或修飾詞, 盡量避免代詞或省略手段的使用。Ex.5 The contrctors in the above – mentioned sections should make the promises below.譯: 上述合同段的承包商須做出如下承諾。
Ex.6 The contractor should purchase the said materials for engineering in the said territory.譯: 承包商須在所述地點(diǎn)購買所述工程用材料。從上述兩例中可以看出, 用詞在大的結(jié)構(gòu)上雖有些重復(fù), 但表述清晰自然。如果運(yùn)用省略或替代的方式加以簡化, 其語言的明晰度則遜色了許多,甚至?xí)屓水a(chǎn)生誤解。
1.1.3 以上所說招投標(biāo)文件的語言一定要清晰、交代明確是相對(duì)的, 也是以招投標(biāo)各自的立場和利益為出發(fā)點(diǎn)的。通常在此基礎(chǔ)上, 各方也會(huì)充分利用模糊語言為對(duì)方設(shè)下“陷阱”, 使自己處于主動(dòng)地位。
Ex.7 The section is about the concerning works such as clearing, dismantlement and excavation of construction site as necessary grading, etc.in the scope of highway right of way and within the range of borrow soil field.譯: 本節(jié)為公路用地范圍及借土場范圍內(nèi)施工場地的清理、拆除和挖掘, 以及必要的平整場地等有關(guān)作業(yè)。
Ex.8 No separate measurement will be made for excavation, drilling, cleaning of drilled holes, drilling slurry, casing, concrete, pile head break age and other items such as artificial island, erecting operation platform, trestle and floating pontoon required to completed the works, they are considered as subsidiary works of castplace boredfilling piles.譯: 開挖、鉆孔、清孔、鉆孔泥漿、護(hù)筒、混凝土、破樁頭, 以及必要時(shí)在水中填土筑島、搭設(shè)工作臺(tái)架及浮箱平臺(tái)等其他為完成工程的細(xì)目, 作為鉆孔灌注樁的附屬工作, 不另行計(jì)量。Ex.7中的“necessary”(必要的)平整場地“etc.”(等有關(guān))作業(yè)及Ex.8中“such as”(例如)及“etc”(等其他)為完成工程的細(xì)目, 這樣的句子因?yàn)闆]有涵蓋要求對(duì)方所要做的全部工作內(nèi)容, 對(duì)招標(biāo)方來說是保護(hù)性條款, 這對(duì)投標(biāo)方來說就是一種模糊語言。投標(biāo)方必須去思考他的工作范圍, 而很難把握一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺度。嚴(yán)格地講, 在嚴(yán)肅性很強(qiáng)的招標(biāo)文件中是不能出現(xiàn)這樣的模糊語言的??墒钦袠?biāo)方有權(quán)利這樣做, 目的是為了自己節(jié)省費(fèi)用, 在計(jì)量支付時(shí), 承包商常常干了額外的工作, 卻由于這樣的句子得不到應(yīng)有的支付, 并且?guī)缀踉谒械恼袠?biāo)文件中都可以碰到這樣的句子。
1.2 招投標(biāo)文件屬于正規(guī)應(yīng)用文體, 傾向于套用格式化句式:習(xí)慣沿用書面用詞及大量運(yùn)用復(fù)合副詞
1.2.1 書面用詞的應(yīng)用
Ex.9 Either party reserves the right to terminate this agreement upon negotiation.譯: 任何一方要中止合同都必須經(jīng)過協(xié)商。
Ex.10 Both parties shall act in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.譯: 雙方都應(yīng)該按照協(xié)議條款辦事。
以上兩句使用了party, reserve, terminate, provision等正式用詞, 而未使用常見的side, keep, end, term等詞。這種正式書面用語常用以代替常見口語用詞, 大致有以下幾類(見表1)。1.2.2 復(fù)合副詞的應(yīng)用
Ex.11 This contract hereby comes into effect from the date of execution by the two parties.譯: 本合同自雙方簽署之日生效。句中, 若把hereby去掉, 意思也完全正確, 但有hereby更充分體現(xiàn)了“簽署”和“生效”的因果關(guān)系。
Ex.12“Hereinafter referred to as the Employer.” 譯: 以下稱“業(yè)主”。
相對(duì)“Referred to as the Employer in the below.”來說, 前者在結(jié)構(gòu)上比后者更符合原文表達(dá)。1.3 普通詞有特定意義或特定用法
公路工程和其他各行業(yè)一樣, 都有自己特定的專業(yè)術(shù)語。專業(yè)術(shù)語近乎行話, 具有國際通用性及其特定的含義, 與一般辭典上的含義常常有較大出入, 因此要在學(xué)習(xí)了解招投標(biāo)業(yè)務(wù)的同時(shí)專門去熟悉和理解, 不能盲目用普通詞語對(duì)譯專業(yè)術(shù)語, 否則無法表達(dá)出其真正內(nèi)涵, 甚至?xí)[出笑話。至于說“業(yè)主”(employer)、“承包商”(contractor)及“工程量清單”(bill of quantities)等行話還可以讓人比較容易理解, 而像其他的專業(yè)術(shù)語, 對(duì)于外行則相當(dāng)費(fèi)解了。對(duì)于外行來說, 一見“簡支梁”就有可能簡單翻譯成“simple branch beam”(簡易分叉梁), 與正確譯文“simple supported beam”根本就不是一回事;一見“明洞”就翻譯成“bright cavity”, 這與其代表真實(shí)意義“明挖隧道”的翻譯“open cut tunnel”大相徑庭;即使對(duì)于內(nèi)行來說, 見到“碎落臺(tái)”, 如不明白其真實(shí)含義是“在路塹邊坡坡腳與邊溝外側(cè)邊緣之間或邊坡上, 為防止碎落物落入邊溝而設(shè)置的有一定寬度的縱向平臺(tái)”, 要能翻譯成“stage for
heaping soil and broken rock”難度也是頗大;至于“懸臂澆筑法”翻譯成“cantilever cast method”固然可以, 但“cast-in-place cantilever method”則把其是屬于現(xiàn)場澆筑的那層含義也表達(dá)出來了, 更為傳神;還有路面施工中的“企口縫”, “假縫”, “縮縫”這個(gè)“縫”字, 用“joint”就比“crack”更貼切些, 因?yàn)楹笳邇H僅表示是個(gè)“裂縫”, 而前者潛在意義還表示其是個(gè)“接縫”, 還可以承受荷載。公路工程招投標(biāo)文件的漢英翻譯原則
華先發(fā)(華中師大外國語學(xué)院教授)認(rèn)為翻譯時(shí)“首先要注意公文的格式, 原則上原文的體例應(yīng)當(dāng)保留, 因?yàn)檫@些格式是一種語體(語域)標(biāo)識(shí), 自有其形式意義。此外, 要正確把握詞義, 尤其要認(rèn)清一些common words在公文中的特定含義。在措辭上, 還要注意詞語的正式程度及專業(yè)術(shù)語和公文習(xí)用語的使用”。針對(duì)公路工程行業(yè)的特殊性, 在大致了解招投標(biāo)文件的語言特征的基礎(chǔ)上, 結(jié)合實(shí)際翻譯工作中的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 筆者認(rèn)為翻譯招投標(biāo)的相關(guān)文件時(shí)需要遵守以下幾個(gè)原則。
2.1 在選詞明晰準(zhǔn)確的前提下, 有意識(shí)模糊, 力爭使招投標(biāo)方取得招投標(biāo)工程的主動(dòng)權(quán)因?yàn)檎型稑?biāo)文件要嚴(yán)格規(guī)定合同雙方的義務(wù)、權(quán)力、行為準(zhǔn)則等明確條款, 其明晰與否將會(huì)影響 當(dāng)事雙方的直接利益。此外, 我們知道, 無論何種譯文都滲透著翻譯者的創(chuàng)造性勞動(dòng)。雖然招投標(biāo)文件中的模糊語言現(xiàn)象并不是文體所要求, 可以說是自覺或不自覺而出現(xiàn)的一種語言現(xiàn)象, 然而盡管其有悖于文體要求, 但畢竟是存在的, 更是俯拾皆是。從各自的利益來講,招標(biāo)方需要搞清楚的, 也正好是投標(biāo)方需要模糊的, 反之亦然, 歸根結(jié)底都是為了己方的利益服務(wù)的。
2.2 力戒望文生義, 望文生譯, 以此簡單類推彼譯因?yàn)椴皇敲總€(gè)翻譯人員都是既懂專業(yè)又通曉英語的復(fù)合性人才, 一般來說, 他們對(duì)術(shù)語的理解很難到位, 甚至還會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義, 引起合同糾紛。因此, 首先要熟悉專業(yè)術(shù)語, 了解其所代表的真實(shí)含義。如對(duì)于“明洞”, 若知道其代表的是“明挖隧道”, 要翻譯到位還是容易的。其次, 由于我國公路工程行業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛, 一些常出現(xiàn)的短語就會(huì)用縮略語來表示, 即使對(duì)于專業(yè)和英語兼修的人士來說, 初次碰到這種陌生的縮略語, 他們也會(huì)頭疼。此時(shí), 別無它法, 只有結(jié)合上下文及查閱資料, 挖掘縮略語代表的含義, 來確保英譯的傳意性。例如, 對(duì)于“三通一平”, 如不知道其代表的是“通水、通電、通路及平整場地”(three supplies and one leveling: supply of water, electricity and access road and leveled ground), 想翻譯準(zhǔn)確很難。又如對(duì)于“五縱七橫”, 如果不知道其指的是幾大縱橫貫穿全國的國家主干線公路, 而簡單翻譯為“five longitudinal roads and seven transverse roads”, 信息就太粗略了, 應(yīng)譯為“12 key national main roads,5 longitudinal and 7 transverse”。再有, 很多翻譯常犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤, 即草率地由此譯推彼譯。如由設(shè)計(jì)荷載“design load”、驗(yàn)算荷載“calibration load”認(rèn)為人群荷載就是“herd load”或“crowd load”, 這與地道的譯文“pesdestrian loading”相差甚遠(yuǎn)。
2.3 合理使用公文慣用詞語代替普通詞語, 從而提高譯文質(zhì)量 為了使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯嚴(yán)密、言簡意賅,且符合招投標(biāo)文件的表達(dá)習(xí)慣, 酌情使用目標(biāo)體(英語)慣用的一套公文詞語, 會(huì)使譯文更地道和流暢。但是從一些招投標(biāo)文件的英文譯本中發(fā)現(xiàn), 這種公文詞語常被普通詞語所代替, 從而影響到譯文的質(zhì)量。這就需要譯者平時(shí)的博聞強(qiáng)記。此外, 對(duì)于復(fù)合副詞, 其實(shí)為數(shù)并不多, 而且構(gòu)詞簡單易記。常用這類副詞時(shí)一般都是由here, there, where等副詞分別加上after, by, in, on, to, under, upon等副詞, 構(gòu)成一體化的形式, 諸如hereafter(從此以后), whereto(對(duì)于那個(gè)), there under(在其下)。但如何恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用這些復(fù)合副詞, 起到錦上添花, 甚至是畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用, 還有待于翻譯工作者在實(shí)踐中不斷揣摩, 逐漸提高。3 結(jié)語
總之, 招投標(biāo)文件的翻譯是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的工作,其好壞直接關(guān)系著招投標(biāo)方的利益。因此, 翻譯工作者除了需要具備一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)和語言能力外,同時(shí)還需要有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ鲗W(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度, 這樣才能在實(shí)踐工作中不斷提高。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 陳森.公路工程招標(biāo)與投標(biāo)管理[M].北京: 人民交通出版社, 1998.[2] 解紹璋, 石國虎, 張竹彬.公路工程國內(nèi)招標(biāo)文件范本[M].北京: 人民交通出版社, 2003.[3] 張樹柏.談?wù)効萍颊撐牡姆g[A].翻譯理論與技巧論文集[C].北京: 中國對(duì)外翻譯出版公司, 1983.[4] 焦剛.世亞行貸款公路工程項(xiàng)目投標(biāo)文件的翻譯要點(diǎn)[J].山西建筑, 2003, 29(16): 81-82.[5] 嚴(yán)俊仁.科技英語翻譯技巧[M].北京: 國防工業(yè)出版社, 2000.[6] 華先發(fā).新實(shí)用英漢教程[M].武漢: 湖北教育出版社, 1999.[7] 候維瑞.文體研究與翻譯[M].上海: 上海外語教
第二篇:漢英翻譯
白菜
Chinese cabbage
密碼
password 手機(jī)
mobile phone
救火
to fight a fire 早戀
puppy love
買一贈(zèng)一
Buy one,get one free.青春痘
acne
長鏡頭
zoom lens 方便面
instant noodles
隱形眼鏡
contact lens 綠豆
mung bean
臥室
bedroom 試穿
to try sth.on
食言
break a promise 番茄醬
ketchup
酸奶
yoghurt 戴綠帽子
to cuckold sb.黃色書籍
pornography book 高等學(xué)校
higher school
農(nóng)民
farmer 宣傳
popularize
物美價(jià)廉
economical and good 你紅光滿面
You look healthy and energetic.他是個(gè)氣管炎
He is a hen-pecked man.假花
artificial flower
假唱
lip-synch 假鈔
counterfeit money
假酒
adulterated wine 假新聞
pseudo-news
惡性循環(huán)
vicious circle 惡性腫瘤
malignant tumor
惡性通貨膨脹
inflationary spiral
詞組翻譯
一窩蜜蜂
a swarm of bees
一窩小雞
a brood of chickens 一窩幼犬
a litter of pups
一群美女
a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群獵狗 a pack of hounds 一群鴨
a team of ducks 一群羚羊
a herd of antelopes 積極支持
unfailing support 積極的財(cái)政政策
proactive fiscal policy 積極利用國外資源 make effective use of overseas resource 1.富華家具帶給您典雅的歐陸風(fēng)情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.2.他們講索求,我們講貢獻(xiàn)。
They preach taking from others,whereas we advocate giving to others.3.她追求的是真理,而他追求的是榮華富貴。
What she seeks is truth,and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.4.在整個(gè)改革開放過程中都要反對(duì)腐敗。
Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.5.阿Q將衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,說:“這毛蟲”!Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground,spat,and swore,“Hairy worm!”
6.他抓住了小偷的衣服。
He seized the pickpocket by the collar.7.他走進(jìn)屋里,大衣上盡是雪,鼻子凍得通紅。
He entered the room,his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.8.金杯牌充氣床墊工藝先進(jìn),結(jié)構(gòu)新穎,造型美觀,款式繁多,舒適大方,攜帶方便。
The “Golden Cup”Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology.With novel structure,beautiful shape and various patterns,they are comfortable and convenient to carry.9.匪軍所至,殺戮人民,奸淫婦女,焚毀村莊,掠奪財(cái)物,無所不用其極。Wherever they went,they massacred and raped,burned and looted,and stopped at nothing.10.他們意氣風(fēng)發(fā)。They are in high spirits.11.他們喜形于色。They beamed with joy.12.他們眼明手快。
He is of quick of eye and deft of hand.13.這篇文章淺顯易懂。
This article is easy to read and understand.14.我對(duì)他敬而遠(yuǎn)之。I stood aloof from him.15.人群漸漸地安靜了下來。The crowd came to silence.16.一座古塔陰森森地矗立在山腰上。
An ancient pagoda frowns on the mountainside.17.但一部小說開掘得深不深,藝術(shù)和思想是否有過人之處,的確不在題材大小。But the depth of a novel,or the excellence of its artistry and idea,does not depend on whether it has a grand theme.18.他的粗魯行為使我很震驚。His rudeness shocked me.19.遠(yuǎn)近/長短/大小/高矮 distance/length/size/height
20.本公司生產(chǎn)的地毯美麗大方,光彩奪目,富麗堂皇。
The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent.21.目標(biāo)的輕重緩急,孰輕孰重應(yīng)該仔細(xì)研究,認(rèn)真考慮和反復(fù)推敲。Target priorities should be very carefully studied.22.那件令人不快的事件,已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨,人人皆知了。There has been much publicity about the unpleasant case.23.他想遠(yuǎn)走高飛,免得心煩。He sought the distraction of distance.24.這只船容易顛覆,因?yàn)樗煨筒缓侠怼?/p>
This boat is apt to overturnbecause it is unreasonably shaped.25.廚房又臟又亂。
The kitchen was in a mess.26.他不參加比賽,我感到很失望。
To my disappointment,he did not attend the competition.27.父親不贊成地看著他。
Father looked at him in disapproval.28.他驚訝地望著我。
He looked at me in amazement.29.他起得很早,且一向如此。
He rose early,as he had always done.30.他與侵略者合作,出賣了自己的國家。
He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.31.那個(gè)人醉心名利。
That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.32.在加州發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的消息轟動(dòng)全國。
News of the discovery of gold in California excited the nation.33.政府支持這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
The government is behind this project.34.1949年中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。1949 witnessed great changes in China.35.5月1日會(huì)議開幕了。
May day saw the opening of the meeting.36.我一時(shí)記不起他的名字。
His name escaped my memory for the moment.37.選擇朋友,越謹(jǐn)慎越好。
One can never be too careful in the choice of one’s friends.38.今年的十月一號(hào)是個(gè)星期五。
The National Day of this year falls on a Friday.39.那里的工藝品品種齊全,價(jià)格公道,質(zhì)量可靠。
The arts and crafts there are complete in range ,reasonable in price and reliable in quality.40.聽到敲門聲,我頓時(shí)睡意全消。
The knock on the door made me wide awake.41.生活的浮沉使他變得頹廢。
The ups and downs of his life made him prop out.42.他又厚著臉皮要錢了嗎?
Did he have the cheek to ask for more money?
43.聽那個(gè)鬼故事時(shí),我簡直要嚇?biāo)懒恕?/p>
I was scared to death when listening to that ghost story.44.他家里有好多張嘴要喂。
He has many mouths to feed in his family.45.這對(duì)年輕的夫婦并不相配,一個(gè)是西施,一個(gè)是張飛。
This young couple is not well matched,one is a Xi Shi--a famous Chinese beauty,while the other is a Zhang Fei--a well-known ill-tempered brute.46.我很瞧不起他,他是個(gè)馬屁精。
I look down upon him,for he is such an apple polisher.47.由于距離遠(yuǎn),又缺乏交通工具,使農(nóng)村社會(huì)與外界隔絕,而這種隔絕,又由于通訊工具不足而變得更加嚴(yán)重。
The isolation of the rural world,because of distance and lack of tansport facilities,is compounded by the paucity of the information media.48.當(dāng)時(shí),車輛橫沖直撞,嚴(yán)重地威脅著城市生活,路上行人無不提心吊膽。The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.49.他有一種令人難堪的習(xí)慣:一會(huì)兒一個(gè)看法,自相矛盾,變化無常。He has a disgusting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.50.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我代表中國體操協(xié)會(huì)向參加這次邀請(qǐng)賽的朋友們表示熱烈的歡迎。Please allow me,on behalf of the Chinese Gymnastics Association,to extend a warm welcome to all our friends who have come for the Tournament.51.全城披上節(jié)日盛裝。
The whole city is in holiday array.52.小汽車盤旋著,穿過村莊,翻越峽谷,沿著一條因解凍而漲水的小溪行駛。The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley,following a thaw-swollen stream。
53.有些時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師為了趕時(shí)髦,舍棄了優(yōu)雅別致的式樣,而一味追求袒胸露體的奇裝異服。
In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.54.不過我們說到故事后頭去了。But we are getting ahead of the story.55.請(qǐng)先走。/請(qǐng)走在前面。After you.56.我走在厚厚的地毯上,一點(diǎn)聲音也沒有。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.57.我們可借助專門的儀器觀察到電波在傳播。
With the help of a special instrument we can observe the electric waves travelling along.58.國家不論大小貧富,都應(yīng)一律平等。
All nations,large or small,rich or poor,should be equal.59.如蒙早日寄來樣品或產(chǎn)品冊(cè),不勝感激。
It would be appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon sent to us.60.他過馬路時(shí),左顧右盼,害怕撞到過路的車。
While crossing the street,he looked right and left ,for fear that he might run into some passing car.61.我訪問了一些地方,遇到了不少人,要談起來,奇妙的事可多著呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.62.來賓請(qǐng)出示入場券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.63.約翰真的愛瑪麗,而瑪麗也愛約翰。
John actually loved Mary and was loved in return.64.人的思想形成語言,而語言有影響了人的思想。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.65.干得很順手,上汽車沒到三分鐘,一個(gè)錢包就到手了,鼓鼓囊囊的,看來錢不少。
An easy work.Hardly three minutes on the bus ,and he had laid hands on a purse, bulgy, apparently full of money.66.父親畢竟比她多吃了幾年鹽,她的男朋友是什么樣的人,父親一看就知道。After all,father has much more worldly experience than her.So he will be able to tell, at a glance,what kind of man her boyfriend is.67.但他性情與人不同,不求名利,不交朋友,終日只是忙于自己的本職工作。He is , however, eccentric.He does not seek fame and gain,and does not like to make friends.Every day he is only engaged in his own job.68.一定要言行一致,理論與實(shí)踐密切結(jié)合,反對(duì)華而不實(shí)和任何虛夸,少說空話,多做工作,扎扎實(shí)實(shí),埋頭苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely intergrated.We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting.There must be less empty talk and more hard work.We must be steadfast and dedicated.69.當(dāng)真理被埋在地下的時(shí)候,它在生長,它感到壓抑,它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就會(huì)炸破一切!
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out,it blows up everything with it.70.世界上一些國家發(fā)生問題,從根本上說,都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去,沒有飯吃,沒有衣穿,沒有房住,工資增長被通貨膨脹抵消,生活水平下降,大批人下崗和失業(yè),長期過緊日子。
Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy.Consequently,the lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation.With a decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.71.40年來,武漢雜技在繼承了傳統(tǒng)雜技的基礎(chǔ)上,大膽吸收其他姊妹藝術(shù)之長,運(yùn)用多種藝術(shù)手段,將布景,燈光,道具,美術(shù)融為一體,使雜技表演成為綜合性的表演藝術(shù)。
For 40 years,based on traditional acrobatic techniques,Wuhan acrobatics has absorbed bravely the strong points of other sister arts and mixed together scenery,lighting,costume and fine art by all kinds of artistic methods so that the acrobatic performance becomes a comprehensive art of performance.72.他倆能在地里找口粗茶淡飯,完全是靠丈夫起早貪黑的耕作。
It was only by the busband’s incessant labor that they could draw a meager living from their land.73.聽了這話,他笑了,雙唇合成一條曲線,露出一副悔恨的樣子。但兩眼仍熠熠發(fā)光,脈脈含情。這種感情她不敢認(rèn)同。
He smileed at that, with a rueful curve of his lips, but his eyes were alight with emotion she was afraid to identify.74.她身材矮小,容貌端莊,鼻子俏麗,頭發(fā)光亮鑒人。
Although she was both short and slender,she had a dignified and elegant countenance,a fine nose and shinny hair.75.憑窗站了一會(huì)兒,微微地覺得涼意侵人。轉(zhuǎn)過身來,忽然眼花繚亂,屋子里的別的東西,都隱在光云里。
Standing at the window for a while, I felt a big chill.As I turned round,my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly.Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.76.蝸陽苔干,名優(yōu)特產(chǎn),馳名中外,聲震古今,翠綠,鮮嫩,清脆,可口,有“天然海蜇”之稱;清乾隆年間奉獻(xiàn)皇宮,故又名“貢菜”。
Taigan(a kind of dry stemmed vegetable)is a famous special local product of Woyang,Anhui Province.It is well-known all over the world.It can be regarded as “jellyfish on land”.It’s green, tender,crisp and pleasant to taste.It was once an article of tribute in the Qing Dynasty.
第三篇:漢英翻譯技巧
漢英翻譯技巧
第一節(jié) 漢語無主語句的英譯處理
一、祈使句對(duì)應(yīng)為祈使句
e.g.小心輕放。
Handle with care.量體裁衣,看菜吃飯。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.寧為雞首,不為牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.二、采用英語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯出 采用英語被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯的漢語無主語句一般的情況:一是某些表示事物存在的無主語句;二是有些句子突出賓語部分,在翻譯時(shí)可以不用補(bǔ)出主語而用原句中的賓語來充當(dāng)主語。e.g.這兒將修建更多的居民大樓。More apartments will be built here.利用發(fā)電機(jī),可以將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔堋?/p>
The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.在合同中,詳細(xì)地規(guī)定了雙方必須履行的各種條件。
In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.沒有愛心,就無法了解人生。
Life cannot be understood without much charity.三、采用倒裝語序 e.g.地下埋藏著大量的金銀。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver.隨著一聲吼叫,忽的從樹林里竄出一只老虎來。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.山里住著個(gè)老和尚。
In the mountain lived on an old monk.四、采用 THERE BE 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句:沒有順利,無所謂困難;沒有困難,也無所謂順利。
Without facility, there would be no difficulty;without difficulty, there would also be no facility.剩下的時(shí)間不多了。There is very little time left.蘿卜白菜,各有所愛。
There is no accounting for taste.無水則無魚。
Without water there would be no fish.樓下有人想和你說話。
There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.you are wanted downstairs.五、采用 IT 作主語譯出
例句:要解決問題,還必須做系統(tǒng)、周密的調(diào)查工作和研究工作。
In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.與自然作斗爭,倍感快樂。It is a great joy to battle against nature.活到老學(xué)到老。
It is never too old to learn.子曰:學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之,不亦說乎?有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來,不亦樂乎?
Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?
六、增添適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語 例句: 知彼知己,百戰(zhàn)不殆。
If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub.六、因文制宜,區(qū)別對(duì)待
例句:未經(jīng)審批機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn),合同中不得規(guī)定禁止接受方在合同期滿后繼續(xù)使用技術(shù)的條款。
Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract term.由于英語被接受為聯(lián)合國的官方語言之一,這就使英語在國際外交場合使用得更為廣泛了。
The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the U.N.說明白了一切,就再無奧妙可言了。It will leave nothing in obscurity;everything is seen.Exercises: 1.要適可而止,否則就要完蛋。
2.不遠(yuǎn)處傳來了提琴的聲音,調(diào)子哀enough, or we will die.Enough is 傷。Not far away from the sound of the fiddle, and that'll sorrow.3.在游廊的最左端,靠近一道門,坐著一位將近30歲的男子。
4.他的書桌上放著帶有細(xì)菌的小碟the left, near a door, sits a nearly 30 years old man.Most of the veranda at 子。His desk is put a little dish of bacteria
All in all, it was two 5.總之,是兩點(diǎn)而不是一點(diǎn)。
6.花瓶里沒有水了。and not a bit.The vase no water.7.要
很容易看得出來那作家是一位生手,剛從事寫作。8.。
Very easy to see the writer is a beginning, just writing
9.不怕一萬,就怕萬一one thousand.Ten thousand not afraid, afraid of 10.還看不出來他能挑得起這副擔(dān)子。Also see he can pick up the burden alone.11.去年
12.必須認(rèn)真做好建廠前的準(zhǔn)備工作。The factory must do the preparing work before.Should teach children to 13.應(yīng)該教導(dǎo)兒童講實(shí)話。
14.必須保證8小時(shí)的睡眠。
15.發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤,一定要改正。tell the truthhours of sleep.must correct.Must ensure that eight
Find a mistake,第二節(jié)、漢語“是”字句的英譯處理
一、表示“等同”
例句:他最佩服的就是你。
Of all the people, you are the one he admires most.二、表示“類屬” 例句:這臺(tái)機(jī)器是進(jìn)口的。
The machine was imported from abroad.他是來找你的。He is here to see you.三、表示“事物狀態(tài)” 例句:要是舊社會(huì),遇上這樣大的水災(zāi),早已是哀鴻遍野了。
If a flood of such magnitude had hit the land in the old days, the stricken area would have been a scene of desolation and despair.你現(xiàn)在是身不由己,只能聽他的。You have to listen to him whether you like it or not.四、表示“存在” 例句:她滿臉是淚,默不作聲。She was soundless and her cheeks were bathed in tears.別看他長得胖,其實(shí)渾身是病。Despite his stout build, he suffers from all sorts of diseases.五、在兩個(gè)類似結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“區(qū)別”,轉(zhuǎn)換為英語相對(duì)的對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)。例句:他是他,我是我,我們誰也管不著誰。
We have our own wills, he and I, neither is the other’s master.昨天是昨天,今天是今天,情況是不斷變化的。
Events are moving very fast;what was true yesterday may not be so today.這個(gè)人言行不一,說是說,做是做。This man’s deeds do not match his words;he never practices what he preaches.敵是敵,友是友,必須分清界限。A friend is a friend, a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.六、表示“讓步”,用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或者讓步句型來體現(xiàn)。例句:書是好書,可惜貴了點(diǎn)。It is true that this is a good book, but it’s a bit too expensive.他的本意是好的,只是措辭不當(dāng)。He meant well, but he didn’t put across his ideas properly.你就是有天大的本事,恐怕也施展不開。
However capable you are, you probably can do nothing in this circumstance.這房子老是老,但離商店近,采購方便。
Indeed, the house is old, but as it is close to the stores, it is convenient for shopping.六、表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 例句:是誰教你這樣做的? Who told you to do so? 是這位解放軍戰(zhàn)士救了你。
It was this PLA man who saved you.我寫的信是給她的,不是你。
It was to her that I wrote a letter, not to you.七、表示“凡是”,由英語習(xí)慣句型決定。
例句:是人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。
Every man is liable to error./ No one is free from error.是孩子他都喜歡。He loves all children.正如一句話所說,是親三分像。As an old saying goes, blood is thicker than water.是重活他都搶著干。Whenever there is a tough job, he is always the first to do it.八、表示“恰當(dāng)” 例句:屋里的家具放得都不是地方。The furniture in the room is arranged exactly where it should not be.你來得正是時(shí)候。
You have come just in the nick of time./ You can’t have come at a better come.她穿的裙子很是漂亮。
The dress looks very beautiful on her.九、表示“選擇”或“疑問” 例句:你是看電視還是聽音樂? 他不是出國了么?
十、表示“確認(rèn)”,有強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思,一般通過助動(dòng)詞、副詞或短語來體現(xiàn)。
例句:她爸爸是不同意她和湯姆來往的。
Her father does disapprove of her having anything to do with TOM.這件事他是不知道。
He certainly doesn’t know this.這孩子是可愛。
The child is lovely indeed.我不是不懂,只是不想說。
It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything.十一、表示“特征”,一般直譯。例句:馬克思主義的基本原理是普遍適用的。
The fundamental tenets of Marxism are universally applicable.本領(lǐng)高強(qiáng)的人,往往是謙虛好學(xué)的。Men of capability are often modest and show a desire to learn.作戰(zhàn)時(shí)他總是身先士卒,故能所向披靡。
He was always at the head of his men in battle, and so his army was invincible.練習(xí)題
1、我們是坐船去武漢的。
2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。
3、這個(gè)故事好是好,就是長了點(diǎn)。
4、這場火災(zāi)是他們不小心而引起的。
5、滿屋都是煙,連他衣服上都是煙味。
6、他開辦這家工廠完全是白手起7、8、9、10、11、12、家的。
這本書我是有的,可是我一下找不到。
這原來是破舊、窄小的一條舊街。
這人真討厭,總是死皮賴臉的纏著人家。
既然要搞掉他,羅織罪名還不是易如反掌。
今天開這個(gè)會(huì)啊,是想聽聽各方面的意見。
不管怎么樣,我是決意要完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。
Keys: 1.We went to wuhan by chartered boat.2.It was mean of him to play with her/affections.3.It is a good story all right, but a bit too long.4.The fire resulted from their carelessness.5.Smoke filled the room;even his clothes smelled of smoke.6.He built up his factory literally from nothing.7.I have the book somewhere but I cannot lay my hands on it now.8.This place was originally a narrow, shabby street.9.The man is quite a nuisance;he keeps pestering/bothering others/me shamelessly.10.Now that they have decided to get rid of him, charges can easily be framed.11.Look!We are holding this meeting today to make sure that different opinions are put forward freely.12.I mean to accomplish the task, come what may happen.漢語習(xí)語的英譯處理
習(xí)語是人們?cè)谡Z言發(fā)展過程中,經(jīng)過長期的社會(huì)實(shí)踐提煉出來的短語或者短句,是語言的精華。從廣義上講,漢語習(xí)語包括成語、諺語、俗語、歇后語等。具體特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在:
1、習(xí)語本身是修辭手段的集中體現(xiàn),如諧音等來增加美感,如“嘴上沒毛,辦事不牢”,“吃得苦,耐得煩;不怕死,霸得蠻”;英語中的“by hook or by crook”, as red as a rose。
2、習(xí)語是語言中獨(dú)立、不規(guī)則而固定的因素。如“露出馬腳”不能說成“露出豬腳”,“雪中送炭”不能說成“雪中送煤”。基于上述特點(diǎn),翻譯過程中必須注意:
1、盡量保存原文的民族特色和風(fēng)格,在可能的情況下以直譯為主。
2、不能把習(xí)語當(dāng)做普通語句處理,注意修辭美感。
一、漢語習(xí)語英譯的常用方法
1、英語同義句借用法
A: 借用意義和形象相同或相似的 B: 借用意義相同但形象不同的 例如: A:
隨大流,以牙還牙 隔墻有耳 一文不名絞盡腦汁 針鋒相對(duì) 時(shí)時(shí)刻刻 千鈞一發(fā) 渾水摸魚 swim with the tide a tooth for a tooth walls have ears
without a penny to one’s
name
to rack one’s brain give tit for tat every now and then hung by a thread to fish in troubled water
如坐針氈 a bed of thorns 謀事在人,成事在天
Man proposes, God disposes 星星之火可以燎原
Little chips light great fire.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩 Once bit, twice shy.空中樓閣、君子協(xié)定、事實(shí)勝于雄辯、有其父必有其子、B:
半斤八兩 six of one and half a dozen of the other 無足輕重
of no account 錦囊妙計(jì)
ace in the hole/sleeve 非公莫入
no admittance 徒勞無益
hold a candle to the sun 茫然若失
be all adrift 水中撈月
fish in the air 乳臭未干
the smell of the baby 壽終正寢
die in the bed 一丘之貉
birds of a feather(flock together)
2、直譯法
蓬頭垢面 with disheveled hair and dirty face
求同存異 see common ground while reserving differences 撲朔迷離
complicated and confusing
樸實(shí)無華
simple and unadorned 能者多勞
the abler a man, the busier he gets.自力更生 regeneration through one’s own efforts 順?biāo)浦?push the boat with current 欺軟怕硬 bully the weak and fear the strong 半途而廢 give up halfway 口蜜腹劍 with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart.有錢能使鬼推磨
If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mill(serve for you).十年樹木百年樹人
It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear/cultivate people.路遙知馬力,日久見人心。
A long road tests a horse’s strength, while a long time proves one’s heart.天有不測風(fēng)云,人有旦夕禍福
Storms gather without warning in nature, while bad luck befalls men overnight.3、意譯法
畏首畏尾 over-cautious
不到黃河不死心
Not stop until one reaches one’s goal 獨(dú)木不成林
One person cannot accomplish much.4、節(jié)譯法 漢語習(xí)語中有些是對(duì)偶詞組,往往前后兩對(duì)含義相同
無影無蹤 vanish without a trace 長吁短嘆 千真萬確 一朝一夕 根深蒂固 不屈不撓 自給自足 經(jīng)久耐用 同心同德 清規(guī)戒律 油頭粉面 驚心動(dòng)魄
sigh deeply be quite true overnight deep-rooted unswerving self-sufficient durable with one mind taboos(regulations)high-painted soul-stirring
5、直譯加注法
東施效顰 Dongshi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrow in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.二、漢語習(xí)語中數(shù)詞的英譯
1、直譯法
千金難買一笑
A thousand pieces of gold can hardly purchase a smile.一寸光陰一寸金
An inch of time is an inch of gold.一著不慎滿盤皆輸
One careless move loses the whole game.百花齊放,百家爭鳴
Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.聽君一席話,勝讀十年書
One evening’s conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten-year study.2、保留部分?jǐn)?shù)字
殺一儆百 punish one as an example to others 三心二意 two-minded 兩面三刀 double-faced and tricky 十拿九穩(wěn) ninety percent sure
3、省略法(當(dāng)數(shù)字是虛指時(shí))曇花一現(xiàn) be a flash in the pan 一干二凈 neat and tidy;不三不四 dubious;inappropriate 百無聊賴 to be overcome with boredom 白問不厭 to serve patiently and tirelessly 三言兩語 a few words 五谷豐登、五光十色、五湖四海、十萬火急、才高八斗、千秋萬代(throughout the ages)
第四篇:招投標(biāo)文件
附件四:
招標(biāo)文件
一、概況
1、標(biāo)的物名稱:
2、交貨時(shí)間:
3、交貨地點(diǎn):
4、付款方式:
二、投標(biāo)須知
1、投標(biāo)保證金
(1)投標(biāo)保證金金額不少于投標(biāo)總額的10%(本次保證金為萬元),投標(biāo)保證金只能是現(xiàn)金或電匯到我公司指定賬戶:。
(2)發(fā)生以下情況之一者,投標(biāo)保證金將予以沒收。
① 投標(biāo)人擾亂招標(biāo)會(huì)議秩序的。
② 投標(biāo)人在招標(biāo)過程中有不正當(dāng)競爭行為出現(xiàn)的。③ 投標(biāo)人在投標(biāo)后至確定中標(biāo)單位期間撤回其標(biāo)書或單方面的對(duì)標(biāo)書內(nèi)容進(jìn)行更改。
④ 投標(biāo)人中標(biāo)后不按規(guī)定的技術(shù)方案、供貨范圍和價(jià)格簽定合同。
(3)落標(biāo)的投標(biāo)人的保證金將在招標(biāo)結(jié)束后七個(gè)工作日予以退還。
(4)中標(biāo)人的投標(biāo)保證金,將在簽定合同后自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)為履約保證金既質(zhì)量保證金。
(5)履約保證金包含合同中規(guī)定的質(zhì)量保證金的全部涵義。履約保證金質(zhì)量保證金是指:簽訂合同后,為更好的約束中標(biāo)人按合同規(guī)定的事項(xiàng)履行合同,而繳納的保證金; 質(zhì)量保證金是指:合同履行期間,為更好的約束產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及售后服務(wù),中標(biāo)人而繳納的保證金。
① 合同履行期間,中標(biāo)人所供物資質(zhì)量、到貨及時(shí)率、售后服務(wù)等,無法達(dá)到合同中規(guī)定的事項(xiàng)要求時(shí),我方將按照實(shí)際損失由履約保證金既質(zhì)量保證金中扣除,不足部分由中標(biāo)人補(bǔ)足,甲方有權(quán)繼續(xù)追償;
② 合同履行期間,根據(jù)中標(biāo)人,合同完成情況,雙方簽訂《合同履行完畢具結(jié)書》,甲方根據(jù)實(shí)際扣款情況,將保證金余額退換給中標(biāo)人;
③ 在合同履行完畢且質(zhì)保期結(jié)束后,5個(gè)工作日內(nèi)組織簽訂《合同履行完畢具結(jié)書》,10個(gè)工作日內(nèi)返還履約保證金既質(zhì)量保證金(無利息);
④ 簽訂長期合同的,在最后一筆合同執(zhí)行完畢后3個(gè)月內(nèi)開具《合同履行完畢具結(jié)書》,10個(gè)工作日內(nèi)返還履約保證金既質(zhì)量保證金(無利息)。
2、投標(biāo)文件的遞交: 技術(shù)標(biāo)與商務(wù)標(biāo)均為一正四副,分別密封后在規(guī)定的投標(biāo)截止時(shí)間之前送至。并在封口加蓋公章或簽名,封面注明投標(biāo)方單位、聯(lián)系人、聯(lián)系電話等,過期不予受理。
三、投標(biāo)文件的編制
1、投標(biāo)方應(yīng)提供的文件和資料:法人營業(yè)執(zhí)照副本(復(fù)印件的必須加蓋公司公章),法人身份證復(fù)印件或被委托人身份證復(fù)印件和法人委托書,公司簡介、稅務(wù)登記證、生產(chǎn)許可證、經(jīng)營狀況、經(jīng)營范圍、質(zhì)量保證體系認(rèn)證書、技術(shù)狀況、各種資信證明及業(yè)績表(含用戶反饋意見);企業(yè)近三年的主要業(yè)績(合同復(fù)印件并加蓋公章)。
2、投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià):按報(bào)價(jià)表格式分別報(bào)出單價(jià)、總價(jià);投標(biāo)人報(bào)價(jià)應(yīng)含貨款、包裝費(fèi)、運(yùn)雜費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)等(報(bào)價(jià)統(tǒng)一按含稅到廠一票結(jié)算價(jià)格,并注明稅率),投標(biāo)方應(yīng)按報(bào)價(jià)清單的規(guī)定格式及計(jì)量單位分項(xiàng)填寫每項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的報(bào)價(jià),投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)如有涂改,必須在涂改處加蓋公章或簽字,否則視為此項(xiàng)報(bào)價(jià)無效。
3、制造工藝及主要設(shè)備(加工和檢測設(shè)備),試驗(yàn)及檢測方法。
4、主要材料及外購件規(guī)格型號(hào)、供應(yīng)商,材料要有合格證,檢測報(bào)告。
5、優(yōu)惠條件及服務(wù)承諾。
四、招標(biāo)議程安排(見附件)
五、評(píng)標(biāo)原則
1、由評(píng)審小組成員按公平、公正的原則對(duì)標(biāo)書進(jìn)行認(rèn)真審核,根據(jù)投標(biāo)人對(duì)標(biāo)的物的價(jià)格、質(zhì)量、交期、服務(wù)等進(jìn)行綜合分析、比較,擇優(yōu)選擇中標(biāo)單位。
2、投標(biāo)人沒有按照投標(biāo)文件要求制定投標(biāo)書或不按照要求對(duì)投標(biāo)文件進(jìn)行澄清、說明和補(bǔ)正的,評(píng)標(biāo)小組可以按廢標(biāo)處理。
3、投標(biāo)文件中大寫金額和小寫金額不一致的以大寫金額為準(zhǔn);總價(jià)金額與單價(jià)金額不一致的,以單價(jià)金額為準(zhǔn)。
六、中標(biāo)方確定后,招標(biāo)單位簽發(fā)中標(biāo)通知書,通知以傳真或郵件的形式發(fā)放,招標(biāo)單位將在3個(gè)工作日內(nèi)與中標(biāo)單位簽定合同,對(duì)未中標(biāo)單位不作任何解釋,標(biāo)書不退回。中標(biāo)通知書對(duì)中標(biāo)人具有法律約束力,中標(biāo)通知書發(fā)出后,中標(biāo)人放棄中標(biāo)的,或合同簽定后由于供方不能按時(shí)交貨或產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不合格所造成的一切損失由中標(biāo)方承擔(dān)。
七、本招標(biāo)文件與技術(shù)文件及中標(biāo)單位的投標(biāo)書,作為合同的一部分,同具法律效力,自開標(biāo)之日起至合同期滿之日止有效。
八、如本次標(biāo)書全部為廢標(biāo)時(shí),由招標(biāo)小組另行研究處理辦法。九.本次招標(biāo)活動(dòng)的解釋權(quán)歸XXXXXXX公司所有。附:招標(biāo)議程安排。
XXXXXXXXXX公司 年 月 日
第五篇:漢英翻譯視角轉(zhuǎn)換
《漢英翻譯》補(bǔ)充材料
補(bǔ)充材料:英漢、漢英翻譯技巧:視角轉(zhuǎn)換(Shift of Perspective)E-C.1.The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.(語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換)
2.Her parents are both in their seventies.(表達(dá)方式的轉(zhuǎn)換)
3.If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.(條件狀語轉(zhuǎn)換成結(jié)果狀語)
4.You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures.You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.(定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句)
5.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.(介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞)
6.Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞)
7.I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.(詞序調(diào)整)
8.Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.(詞序調(diào)整)
9.It is a good workman that never blunders.(反說正譯)10.Keep off the lawn!11.That fellow is far from being honest.12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.(正說反譯)I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.1
《漢英翻譯》補(bǔ)充材料
漢譯:我在開始受教育之前,就像這樣一條船,只是沒有羅盤,沒有測深繩,也無法知道離海港有多遠(yuǎn)。
C-E: 視角轉(zhuǎn)換,在漢英翻譯中主要表現(xiàn)有兩種類型: 1. 從與漢語不同的角度傳達(dá)同樣的信息
(1)生活中常用的“看”、“聽”、“說”的翻譯??寸?表
我能看出他的心事。
這東西還看得過去的話,你就買吧。
從他的話音里,我能聽出點(diǎn)東西來。
他姓什么,我一時(shí)說不上來。說來話長。
這可真說不過去。還是把事情說開了好。
(2)在成語的翻譯中,不同視角的轉(zhuǎn)換體現(xiàn)在形象的替代上。牛飲
甕中之鱉 膽小如鼠 自言自語 開夜車 東張西望 天長地久 魚米之鄉(xiāng) 意在言外
(3)有些情況下進(jìn)行虛實(shí)互換。他們鬧著要吃小馬的喜酒
精神食糧
假眼(轉(zhuǎn)虛為實(shí))
Fake adj(only before noun): made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people Fake fur A fake ID card A fake 20-dollar bill A fake name Speak with a fake German accent A fake smile of friendliness
她往日得了病,茶水也不咽一口。(轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)為虛)
(4)習(xí)慣說法不一樣
《漢英翻譯》補(bǔ)充材料
收音耳機(jī)
你怎么戴這么深度的眼鏡?
“要搞特殊化?沒門!”
2. 與漢語相反的角度傳達(dá)同樣的信息 “安全門” 唯你是問 自學(xué) 膚淺 九五折 油漆未干 聽電話 紅眼 座鐘
墻上一個(gè)洞
我心里一個(gè)沉重的擔(dān)子放下來了。
哪兒腳痛穿鞋人最清楚。
No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.留級(jí) 倒立 蛙泳 雙杠 活字典 內(nèi)部刊物 應(yīng)用題 走讀生 非處方藥 門診病人 餐具 保暖杯 汗衫 秒表 家譜
隱形眼鏡 候機(jī)室 美人計(jì)
手扶拖拉機(jī) 畫蛇添足
姐妹篇
成績報(bào)告單
《漢英翻譯》補(bǔ)充材料
不二價(jià) 傳銷
一次性筷子 一次性杯子 一次性包裝 練習(xí):
The following are wrong translations because of different focus in English and Chinese.1 他的身體看起來很健康 His body looks very healthy.2 那個(gè)鋪?zhàn)拥臇|西價(jià)格便宜。
The price of goods in that shop is cheap.3 這棟樓質(zhì)量不好。
The quality of this building is poor.4 這輛卡車速度很快。
The speed of this truck is quick.5 他們的工作取得了很大成績。
Their work has achieved great achievement.6 我們的事業(yè)從勝利走向勝利。
Our cause has walked from victory to victory.漢英短語的翻譯: 富足社會(huì) a world of plenty/affluence 注意:“社會(huì)”不宜譯成“society” 2 己所不欲,勿施于人
Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.3 你看花眼了
Be seeing things: to imagine things that is not really there.e.g.There is no one there—you must be seeing things.4 鄉(xiāng)土觀念 sense of place ??? 5 為副尚任 vice but virtuous 6 尋根文學(xué) search-for-roots literature 7 舉雙手贊成 hands up for… 8 神來之筆 a stroke of brilliance 9 天下著大雨 The day was pouring down.注意:It was raining cats and dogs.已經(jīng)變成了cliché, 不宜使用。10 嚇傻了be frightened out of one’s wits.11 坐月子 within one’s month/in confinement e.g.the pros and cons of home versus hospital confinement 父母之命,媒妁之言:出處《孟子 滕文公下》 celestial marriage 13 社會(huì)車輛 non-public vehicles 14 家政 housewifery 15 公開講座extension course/lecture 16 掛靠公司 front company
《漢英翻譯》補(bǔ)充材料貴族學(xué)校 exclusive school 18 將計(jì)就計(jì) deceive the deceiver 19 接待室,招待室 hospitality suite 20 就事論事的態(tài)度 dislinkage attitude 21 買路錢 street tax 22 視覺污染 visual disgrace 23 相親 blind date 24 異性按摩 fashion massage 25 擇優(yōu)錄取 contest mobility 26 老幼病殘弱專座 priority seating Seating 為不可數(shù)名詞 統(tǒng)稱座位 27 征婚專欄 lonely hearts column