第一篇：高中必修3英語(yǔ)課文逐句翻譯(外研版)

1.必修三MODULE 1 Europe歐洲 a landmark in Paris巴黎的標(biāo)志性建筑 an art gallery in Florence佛羅倫薩的美術(shù)館 a church in Barcelona巴塞羅那的教堂 a building in Athens雅典的一座建筑 The Eiffel Tower埃菲爾鐵塔 The Parthenon帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟 The Uffizi Palace烏菲齊美術(shù)館 The Sagrada Familia圣家大教堂 Great European Cities歐洲大城市 PARIS巴黎

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.巴黎是法國(guó)的首都，也是法國(guó)最大的城市，坐落在塞納河畔。巴黎是世界上最漂亮的城市之一，每年有超過八百萬(wàn)的游客來這里旅游。

The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris.最受游客歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)是埃菲爾鐵塔，它是巴黎著名的象征。世界上最大的美術(shù)館之一——盧浮宮，也在巴黎。

The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres.About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.這個(gè)城市也以餐館、咖啡館和劇院而聞名。法國(guó)大約三分之二的藝術(shù)家和作家都生活在巴黎。

BARCELONA巴塞羅那

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid.巴塞羅那是西班牙的第二大城市，它位于西班牙東北海岸，大概在離西班牙首都馬德里東邊五百千米的地方。

One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.巴塞羅那最著名的標(biāo)志性建筑之一就是由建筑師安東尼奧.高迪建造的圣家大教堂。

Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.The church hasn't been finished yet!高迪從1882年起從事這項(xiàng)工程直至1926年逝世，這座家廟還沒有竣工。FLORENCE佛羅倫薩

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.佛羅倫薩是意大利的一座城市，這座城市因文藝復(fù)興而變得著名。文藝復(fù)興是一次大型的文藝運(yùn)動(dòng)，開始于13世紀(jì)，持續(xù)了三百年。

During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，歷史上一些最偉大的畫家在佛羅倫薩生活和工作。Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.佛羅倫薩很多非常漂亮的油畫和雕塑都是由偉大的藝術(shù)家如萊昂納多?達(dá)?芬奇和米開朗琪羅創(chuàng)作的。

Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums.The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.每年大約有一百萬(wàn)的游客來佛羅倫薩參觀美術(shù)館、教堂和博物館，烏菲齊美術(shù)館是這座城市最著名的美術(shù)館。ATHENS雅典

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.雅典是希臘的首都，作為西方文明的發(fā)祥地而聞名于世。

Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city.2400年前，雅典是世界上最強(qiáng)大的城市，Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens.Their work has influenced other writers ever since.像位于雅典衛(wèi)城山的帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟這樣的建筑等就是在那個(gè)時(shí)期建造的。希臘最優(yōu)秀的作家就住在古雅典，他們的作品影響了后世的作家。

2.必修三Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 What did world leaders agree to do in 2000? 2000年各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成了什么協(xié)議？ What does the Human Development Index measure? 衡量人類發(fā)展的尺度是什么？ What are the first two Development Goals? 最初的兩個(gè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)是什么？ What progress have we made towards these goals? 我們朝著這些目標(biāo)取得了哪些進(jìn)步？

What do developed countries need to do? 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要做些什么？ The Human Development Report人類發(fā)展報(bào)告

In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.2000年，147個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，一起努力到2015年甚至更早緩解貧困，這個(gè)協(xié)議達(dá)成后接下來便產(chǎn)生了《人類發(fā)展報(bào)告》。

One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.這個(gè)報(bào)告最重要的一部分就是“人類發(fā)展指標(biāo)”，這對(duì)175個(gè)國(guó)家的成果作了分析檢測(cè)。

The Index measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy(how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)從三個(gè)方面衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的成就：壽命（人們通常能活多久）、教育和收入。這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)顯示了一些令人感到意外的情況。挪威高居榜首，而美國(guó)則排在第七。

The other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3), Australia(4), the Netherlands(5).中間五個(gè)國(guó)家按名次分別是冰島、瑞典、澳大利亞和荷蘭，The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.英國(guó)位居第十三，而中國(guó)排在名單的中間。處于末端的十個(gè)國(guó)家均是非洲國(guó)家，西非的塞拉利昂排在最后。

The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to: 這個(gè)報(bào)告描述了八個(gè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，最重要的目標(biāo)是： reduce poverty and hunger;緩解貧窮和饑餓；

make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;確保11歲以上的孩子都能接受教育；

fight AIDS and other diseases;戰(zhàn)勝艾滋病和其他疾病

improve the environment of poor people, e.g.make sure they have safe drinking water;改善窮人的生活環(huán)境，如確保他們都喝上安全健康的飲用水； encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.鼓勵(lì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家給予其他國(guó)家更多的幫助。

The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development.For example, in nine years(1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years.2003年的《人類發(fā)展報(bào)告》報(bào)告了幾個(gè)發(fā)展成功的實(shí)例，譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的時(shí)間里，中國(guó)的人均壽命就增加了13歲；

In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty.However, the challenges are still great.在過去的十年中，中國(guó)有1.5億人擺脫了貧窮，然而，仍然還存在著很大的挑戰(zhàn)。Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry.Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家每天仍有7.99億人處于饑餓中，這些人中有一半是南亞或者非洲的；

Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.雖然發(fā)展中國(guó)家超過80%的孩子能上小學(xué)，但是仍然有1.15億的孩子沒有接受教育；

More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家還有超過一百萬(wàn)的人喝不到安全健康的飲用水，However, in other regions of the world, e.g.Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink.但是在世界的其他地區(qū)，如東歐，水已經(jīng)基本上可以安全飲用了。

The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.報(bào)告顯示我們正在進(jìn)步，但是我們必須作出更大的努力。

Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.雖然發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了一些經(jīng)濟(jì)救援，但是提供救援的數(shù)量應(yīng)該大大增加。Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.有趣的是，給予最多經(jīng)濟(jì)資助的國(guó)家分別是荷蘭、挪威和瑞典。

These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.這幾個(gè)國(guó)家都是世界上最富裕的五個(gè)國(guó)家中的，所以它們應(yīng)該這么做的。

3.必修三Module 3 The Violence of Nature自然的暴行

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current which starts in the Gulf of Mexico and flows northeast across the Atlantic.It also travels past the east coast of the United States towards eastern Canada.It is one of the strongest currents anywhere in the world.Because of the Gulf Stream, The United Kingdom and other places in Europe are much warmer than parts of Canada on the same latitude.墨西哥灣流是發(fā)源于墨西哥灣，穿過大西洋向東北流動(dòng)的溫暖洋流。它還沿著美國(guó)東海岸向加拿大東部流動(dòng)。它是世界上最強(qiáng)大的一股水流。因?yàn)橛心鞲鐬沉鳎?guó)和歐洲其他地方比處于同緯度的加拿大很多地區(qū)更暖和。What Is a Tornado?龍卷風(fēng)是什么？

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.龍卷風(fēng)是指一個(gè)從空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋轉(zhuǎn)氣柱。The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.最強(qiáng)的龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)速超過400千米每小時(shí)

Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.，幾乎所有的龍卷風(fēng)都發(fā)生在美國(guó)，從東南部的得克薩斯州到北部的達(dá)科他。

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--or even in the next town.龍卷風(fēng)可以卷起汽車、火車甚至是房子并把它們卷到旁邊的街道——甚至能卷到鄰近的城鎮(zhèn)。

They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.它們可以將貓背上的皮毛和雞身上的羽毛拔下來，They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它們可以摧毀房子，卻把房?jī)?nèi)的家具留在原處。

On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.美國(guó)平均每年會(huì)發(fā)生800次龍卷風(fēng)，造成大約80人死亡，1500人受傷。The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri,Illinois and Indiana.最嚴(yán)重的一次龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生在1925年，影響了美國(guó)的三個(gè)州：密蘇里州、伊利諾伊州和印第安納州。

By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.等到風(fēng)停時(shí)，已有700多人死亡，2700多人受傷。What Is a Hurricane?颶風(fēng)是什么？

Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.颶風(fēng)是強(qiáng)烈的熱帶風(fēng)暴，它們通常發(fā)生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥灣。There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.猛烈的颶風(fēng)以120千米每小時(shí)甚至更快的速度移動(dòng)，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。

There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.平均每年會(huì)發(fā)生6次大西洋颶風(fēng)，通常會(huì)影響美國(guó)東部海岸從得克薩斯州到緬因州。

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.最嚴(yán)重的颶風(fēng)災(zāi)害是1900年9月8日發(fā)生在得克薩斯州的加爾維斯頓，Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.颶風(fēng)以200千米每小時(shí)的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市襲來，The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.那次災(zāi)害奪去了37000人口中的6000條人命，摧毀了3600棟建筑物。An Extraordinary Event非比尋常的事件

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.這是一個(gè)關(guān)于1900年的加爾維斯頓颶風(fēng)的故事。

Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada.查爾斯·科格倫是19世紀(jì)一位居住在加拿大的愛爾蘭演員，He then moved to New York, where he became famous.By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.那時(shí)，他搬到紐約并在那里出了名，19世紀(jì)90年代后期，他搬到了加爾維斯頓，并于1899年，也就是颶風(fēng)來襲的前一年去世。

The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.埋葬科格倫的公墓被颶風(fēng)摧毀了，科格倫的棺材最后被卷入了大海。Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.八年之后，科格倫的棺材在加拿大東部的愛德華王子島省被一位漁夫在離他家不遠(yuǎn)的海里發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.墨西哥灣流載著它漂了3000千米沿著美國(guó)東海岸漂到了愛德華王子島省。Coghlan travelled back to Canada--after he had been buried in Texas!被葬在得克薩斯州后，科格倫又漂回了加拿大。

4.必修三MODULE 4 Sandstorms in Asia亞洲沙塵暴

Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，沙塵暴已經(jīng)成為很多亞洲國(guó)家的嚴(yán)重災(zāi)害。

Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)想了很多辦法來解決這個(gè)問題，在中國(guó)，已經(jīng)開展了一場(chǎng)幫助解決沙塵暴問題的大型戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.沙塵暴是帶有沙石和塵土的強(qiáng)大而干燥的風(fēng)。沙塵暴通常很濃密以至于人們都看不見太陽(yáng)，有時(shí)候，風(fēng)的強(qiáng)度大到可以掀動(dòng)沙丘。

The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.世界上四個(gè)主要的有沙塵暴的地方是：亞洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亞。來自內(nèi)蒙古的任建波描述了他小時(shí)候在沙漠中經(jīng)歷過的一次嚴(yán)重的沙塵暴，“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said.“There was nothing to be done.“被困在沙塵暴中是一種很可怕的經(jīng)歷，”他說，“什么也干不了，It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in.You just had to hope you'd survive.I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” 那是我遭遇過的最可怕、最危險(xiǎn)的境況，你只能希望自己能夠幸存，我原以為我會(huì)消失在沙石底下?！?/p>

Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.Sandstorms begin in desert areas.中國(guó)西北是亞洲中央沙塵暴中心的一部分。沙塵暴開始于沙漠地帶，Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.近年來因?yàn)椤吧衬?，中?guó)發(fā)生沙塵暴的次數(shù)明顯增加了。

This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.這是發(fā)生在由于氣候變化以及人們砍伐樹木、開墾草地等使得陸地變成沙漠時(shí)的過程。

Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.有時(shí)候沙塵暴會(huì)影響北京，市民醒來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)昏黃的天空，狂風(fēng)夾著黃沙在城里肆虐。

The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.暴風(fēng)有時(shí)持續(xù)一整天，因?yàn)闈饷艿膲m土降低了能見度，所以車輛等開得很慢。

The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.中國(guó)中央氣象臺(tái)在沙塵暴到達(dá)北京前的幾個(gè)星期就能預(yù)見到，但是風(fēng)暴的威力有時(shí)是驚人的。

When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says，當(dāng)沙塵暴到達(dá)一個(gè)城市時(shí)，專家會(huì)建議人們不要出門。居住在北京的黃小梅說； “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.The winds are very strong.It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.” “在沙塵暴中騎車是很可怕的，風(fēng)力非常強(qiáng)，很難呼吸，而且塵土?xí)屛业貌。匀绻阆氤鲩T，最好帶上面罩?！?/p>

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing.To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.沙漠位于北京西邊距離北京僅僅250千米，為了防止沙漠進(jìn)一步向北京延伸，政府正在植樹。

Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.目前政府已經(jīng)種了超過三十億棵樹，而且計(jì)劃在接下來的五年中繼續(xù)植樹。

5.必修三MODULE 5 Philosophers of Ancient China中國(guó)古代的哲學(xué)家 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551BC-479BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.古代中國(guó)各諸侯國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但那也是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生了許多哲學(xué)家的時(shí)期。孔子（公元前551--公元前479）是影響最大的哲學(xué)家。

He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.他強(qiáng)調(diào)了仁愛、責(zé)任和社會(huì)秩序的重要性。中國(guó)社會(huì)受孔子學(xué)說的影響已長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩千多年。

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.孟子是一位思想家，他的理論和孔子的理論很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state.自小就喪父，他母親把他撫養(yǎng)成人。他成為儒家弟子，并在一個(gè)國(guó)家政府謀得很重要的職位。However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.但是當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)治者并不聽從他的建議時(shí)，他辭職了。好幾年的時(shí)間，他周游列國(guó)，宣揚(yáng)儒家學(xué)說。然后他又成為了另一個(gè)統(tǒng)治者的顧問。

He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.他晚年一直在準(zhǔn)備記載他自己學(xué)說的書《孟子》。

Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子認(rèn)為人區(qū)別于動(dòng)物的本質(zhì)就是人是性善的。

He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.他主張“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民為重，君為輕”，反對(duì)暴政。

Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.墨子是又一位極具影響力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一個(gè)貧苦家庭。He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.他因?yàn)椴煌瑢こ５姆b和行為舉止而出名。墨子創(chuàng)立了墨家學(xué)派，In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example, he considered that government was most important.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.他的理論在某些方面和孔子的理論相似。例如，他認(rèn)為統(tǒng)治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力尋找一個(gè)人們?cè)敢饴爮乃睦碚摰膰?guó)家。

Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.墨子認(rèn)為人人都是平等的，他主張的“兼愛”與孔子的“仁愛”不同。Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.墨子認(rèn)為我們必須愛護(hù)所有的人，照顧比我們?nèi)跣〉娜恕Ｄ臃磳?duì)統(tǒng)治者發(fā)動(dòng)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。墨子逝世于公元前390年。

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)必修4課文逐句翻譯(外研版)

1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未來城市

What will the city of the future look like? 未來的城市會(huì)是什么樣子呢？ No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business.沒有人確切的了解，預(yù)測(cè)也是一件很危險(xiǎn)的事情。But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他們將會(huì)先變大，然后再變小。In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.在未來，愛護(hù)環(huán)境將會(huì)很重要，因?yàn)榈厍虻馁Y源將瀕臨枯竭。We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources.我們將會(huì)使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、鋁、鋼鐵、玻璃、木頭和紙。我們浪費(fèi)自然資源的程度將會(huì)有所減弱。We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我們也將不得不更多地依賴其他能源。例如，太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能。All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.所有的這些似乎是肯定的，但是還有許多關(guān)于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。

To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.為了獲知年輕人對(duì)未來城市生活的想法，美國(guó)得克薩斯州的一位大學(xué)老師讓他的學(xué)生思考如何管理一個(gè)在2025 年擁有5萬(wàn)人口的城市，Here are some of the ideas they had:下面是他們的一些構(gòu)想: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.垃圾船:為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會(huì)用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料，朝太陽(yáng)射，這樣做防止了垃圾填埋和環(huán)境間題。

Batman Nets：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.勤務(wù)兵網(wǎng):警察逮捕罪犯時(shí)，將會(huì)向罪犯射出網(wǎng)狀物而不是用槍。

Forget smoking：No smoking will be allowed 'within a future city's limits.Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.戒煙:在未來城市范圍內(nèi)將禁止吸煙。只有在郊區(qū)和戶外才允許吸煙。Forget the malls：In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.告別商廈:將來所有的購(gòu)物將會(huì)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行，商品目錄將會(huì)有語(yǔ)音指令來排序。

Telephones for life：Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change 'no matter where they live.電話人生:每個(gè)人一出生就會(huì)給予一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼，將來無(wú)論他們居住在哪兒，這個(gè)電話號(hào)碼都不會(huì)更改。

Recreation：All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.娛樂:所有的娛樂形式，例如，電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會(huì)和其他等等都將由該市政府免費(fèi)提供。

Cars：All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the color of cars at the flick of a switch.汽車:所有的汽車部將由電能、太陽(yáng)能或風(fēng)能提供動(dòng)力，并且只要輕輕按一下開關(guān)就能夠改變汽車的顏色。Tele-surgery：Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own tele-surgery outpatient clinic.遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù):隨著每個(gè)城市擁有自己的遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)門診部，醫(yī)生將能在數(shù)千里以外實(shí)施手術(shù)，遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)將會(huì)變得十分普通。

Holidays at home：Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.居家度假:年長(zhǎng)的市民和殘疾人通過使用綁在頭上的高新技術(shù)相機(jī)可以周游世界。

Space travel：Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common.Each city will have its own spaceport.太空邀游:普通市民邀游太空將會(huì)變得很平常，每個(gè)城市都將有自己的太空港。

2.必修四Module 2 Getting Around in Beijing行在北京 Taxis出租車

Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day.北京大街上的出租車是24小時(shí)服務(wù)的。Simply raise your hand.and a taxi appears in no time.只要你招招手，立刻就會(huì)有出租車。They are usually red, and they display the price per kilometer on the window.它們通常都是紅色車身，并且在車窗上顯示每公里的路價(jià)。You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.你要做的，就是確認(rèn)司機(jī)有營(yíng)運(yùn)照，并且索要發(fā)票。Buses and trolleybuses公交車和電車

Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.公共交通為人們游覽北京提供了低價(jià)位的出行方式。There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded.北京大約有兩萬(wàn)多輛公交車和電車，但是，它們有時(shí)會(huì)很擁擠。It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour(6:30 am and 8:00 am and 5:00 pm and 6:30 pm).最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(上午6:00一8:00，下午5:00一6:30)乘坐公交車和電車。Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan.這些車車票價(jià)格便宜，一元起價(jià)。Air-conditioned buses cost more.空調(diào)車則要貴一些。

Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.公交線1到100路部是僅限于市中心內(nèi)的，Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs.車號(hào)更高一些的線路，可以通達(dá)郊區(qū)。Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.對(duì)于游人來說，最不該錯(cuò)過的是103路電車，它途經(jīng)紫禁城和北海白塔，沿途風(fēng)景令人印象深刻。If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs.如果你乘坐雙層公共汽車，請(qǐng)務(wù)必坐在上層，You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.這樣你會(huì)一覽這個(gè)飛速發(fā)展城市的亮麗風(fēng)景。Most buses run from about 5:00 am to midnight.However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.Minibuses小公共汽車

Minibuses with seats for12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.在一些地區(qū)，這種12個(gè)座位的小型公共汽車給人們?cè)诎嘿F的出租車和擁擠的公共汽車外，提供了第三種選擇。They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses.它們跟大公共汽車走同樣的路線，提供有規(guī)律的服務(wù)。And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.在小公共汽車上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。Underground地鐵

There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction.北京有四條地鐵線，還有幾條線也正在建設(shè)之中。Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible.地鐵方便快捷，但在高峰期，情況會(huì)很糟糕。A one-way trip costs 3 yuan.地鐵票價(jià)單程為三元，Station names are marked in pinyin.站名拼音標(biāo)注，The underground is open from 5:00 am to 11:00 pm.運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間為上午5點(diǎn)到晚上11點(diǎn)。Pedi cabs三輪腳踏車

Tourists like these human-pedaled “tricycle taxis”, but they can be expensive.游客們喜歡這些人力驅(qū)動(dòng)的“三輪腳踏車”，但價(jià)格可能會(huì)較貴。You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return.因此坐之前要先弄清楚價(jià)格，明確價(jià)錢是否按人數(shù)計(jì)算、是單程還是往返雙程的問題。Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys(hutong)of old Beijing.如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三輪腳踏車絕對(duì)是值得一坐的。

3.必修四Module 3 Body language身勢(shì)語(yǔ)

If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”.說起“交流”，大多數(shù)人會(huì)想到單詞或句子，雖然單詞與句子十分重要，但我們并不只是用口語(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流，身體的姿態(tài)是我們所稱的“身勢(shì)語(yǔ)”的一部分。We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “l(fā)earned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.我們經(jīng)?？吹綗o(wú)意識(shí)的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)，但也有“習(xí)得”的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。習(xí)得的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在不同的文化中各不相同。We use “l(fā)earned” body language when we are introduced to strangers.當(dāng)我們被介紹給生人時(shí)，我們使用 “習(xí)得的”身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.跟動(dòng)物一樣，我們會(huì)保持警覺，直至知道安全的時(shí)候才放松。So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.因此，在所有的文化中人們都有一種向陌生人打招呼的正規(guī)的方式，以表示他們并不具有侵犯傾向。Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands.歐美人的傳統(tǒng)是握手，They do this with the right hand---the strongest hand for most people.他們用右手握手---右手對(duì)多數(shù)人來說更有力一些。If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.假如右手用于忙著與人打招呼就不可能握武器。So the gesture is saying, “I trust you.Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon.” 因此，這種手勢(shì)的意思是 “我信任你，瞧，我沒帶威脅性的武器”，If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them.假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他們。We shake hands when we make a deal.It means, “We agree and we trust each other.” 我們?cè)谧鼋灰讜r(shí)與人握手，意思就是 “我們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，相互信任”

Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.亞洲人打招呼是不接觸他人身體的，但他們要用手。Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.與人打招呼時(shí)，中國(guó)人的傳統(tǒng)方式;右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行禮。Muslims give a “salaam”, where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead.穆斯林行額手鞠躬禮，用手觸左胸、嘴和額。Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect.印度，雙手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.在上述例子中，手部在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。

Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.即使是現(xiàn)在，人們?cè)诜钦綀?chǎng)合打招呼時(shí)，還會(huì)用手來表示信任對(duì)方。American youths often greet each other with the expression, “Give me five!” 美國(guó)青年常常說，“擊掌” 來打招呼。One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.說完后這個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五指展開。The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a “high five”.另一個(gè)人同樣舉起手，拍打?qū)Ψ脚e過頭頂?shù)氖帧owadays, it is quite a common greeting.這是現(xiàn)代常見的打招呼方式。Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.身勢(shì)語(yǔ)對(duì)于任何研究者來說都具有吸引力。People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.人們通過姿勢(shì)表達(dá)的意思要比通過話語(yǔ)表達(dá)巧更多。Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他們的心思嗎?

4.必修四Module 4 The Student Who Asked Questions問問題的學(xué)生 In a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is the world’s largest producer.在當(dāng)前的世界，水稻是主要食糧。中國(guó)是世界上最大的水稻產(chǎn)地。Rice is also grown in may other Asian countries, and in some European counties like Italy.亞洲其他國(guó)家和一些歐洲國(guó)家比如意大利等，也種植水稻。In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading key.在水稻種植界，中國(guó)科學(xué)家袁隆平是一位重要人士。

Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.袁隆平生長(zhǎng)在中國(guó)。As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “the student who asks questions”.小時(shí)候，他在許多學(xué)校讀過書，得了個(gè)“問問題的學(xué)生”的綽號(hào)。From an early age he was interested in plants.袁隆平從小就對(duì)植物感興趣。He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding.他在大學(xué)里研究農(nóng)學(xué)。作為一個(gè)年輕的教師，他開始了作物育種的實(shí)驗(yàn)。He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他想，養(yǎng)活世人的關(guān)鍵是更多更快地生產(chǎn)水稻。He thought there was only one way to do this-----by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他認(rèn)為，唯一的辦法是使不同種類的水稻雜交，這樣就能產(chǎn)生比原先任何一種水稻產(chǎn)量部要高的新品種。

First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice.首先，袁隆平對(duì)不同種類的水稻進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.1966年，他的研究成果在中國(guó)發(fā)表。Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant.接著，他開始尋找一種特殊的稻種。It had to be male.It had to be sterile.這種稻種必須是雄性的，必須是不結(jié)果的(譯者注:它屬于生物學(xué)所稱的“雄性不育系”)。Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.最后，在1970年，一種天然的雄性不育稻種被發(fā)現(xiàn)，This was the breakthrough.這是一個(gè)突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.全國(guó)各地的研究者們被召集在一起開發(fā)新的水稻種。The research was supported by the government.研究得到了政府的贊助。As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.由于袁隆平的發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)的水稻產(chǎn)量在20世紀(jì)90年代增長(zhǎng)了47.5%。There were other advantages too.50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.還有其他的益處，5萬(wàn)平方公里原來的稻田現(xiàn)在被用來種植蔬菜和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。Following this, Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻還出口到巴基斯坦和菲律賓等國(guó)家。In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.在巴基斯坦，水稻是繼小麥之后的第二種最重要的作物并將在許多地方種植。The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.中國(guó)袁隆平高科技農(nóng)業(yè)公司已開發(fā)出一種新的雜交水稻。Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.這種雜交水稻的產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)高于種植于巴基斯的坦其他種類的水稻。

5.必修四Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges三峽之旅

In August1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Puling on the Yangtze River.1996年8月，一位年輕的美國(guó)英語(yǔ)教師彼得·赫斯勒，來到長(zhǎng)江之濱的涪陵。He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和另一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院任教兩年。They were the only foreigners in the town.整個(gè)城里只有他們兩名外國(guó)人。The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival.They could go anywhere they wished.元月底，第一學(xué)期結(jié)束了，他們有四周的春節(jié)假期，可以隨處旅游。They decided to take a boat downstream.他們決定順流而下。

We decided to buy tickets for the jiangyou boat.我們打算買到“江油號(hào)”的船票。Our colleagues said, “You shouldn't go on those ships.同事們說:”你們不要坐那種船。They are very crowded.它們太擁擠，They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river.主要是用來運(yùn)貨的。乘客多是沿江做生意的人。They don't stop at the temples and there won't be any other foreigners.“ 那些船不?？繌R宇，也不會(huì)有別的外國(guó)游人乘坐。” That sounded fine to me.我覺得聽起來還不錯(cuò)。We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.我們出示護(hù)照后便上了船。

We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon.在一個(gè)美麗的午后，我們離開碼頭。The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region.當(dāng)我們順流而下穿過山區(qū)的時(shí)候，陽(yáng)光很燦爛。Men rode bamboo rafts along the river's edge and coal boats went past.男人們乘坐著江邊的竹筏，運(yùn)煤的小船來來往往。As the sun set we docked at Fengdu.太陽(yáng)落山時(shí)，我們的船在豐都靠岸。We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.It was beautiful.我們目睹太陽(yáng)在白塔后西沉，美麗極了。

We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge.穿過長(zhǎng)江第一峽崔塘峽時(shí)，我們正在睡夢(mèng)中。The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains.江水在兩英里高的峰巒間奔流，峽谷窄處只有巧350英尺。“Oh, well,” my friend said, “at least we have two more left.” 我朋友說:“至少我們能看見另外兩個(gè)峽谷?！?/p>

As Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges.船到巫山時(shí)，我們繞道溯游大寧河，觀賞了幾處小峽谷。The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River.第二天，我們經(jīng)過了長(zhǎng)江的大峽谷。It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge.在一個(gè)美麗的上午輪船駛過巫峽。We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet.我們還經(jīng)過了湘江，那是公元前三世紀(jì)一位詩(shī)人---屈原的家鄉(xiāng)。There was so much history along the Yangtze River.長(zhǎng)江有太多的歷史。Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.塊塊巨石形象各異，條條支流部流淌著傳說，座座小山承載著過往。

As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam.穿過長(zhǎng)江第三峽西陵峽后，輪船駛?cè)氪髩谓ㄔO(shè)處的江面。All the passengers came on deck.We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren't allowed to get off the boat.所有的乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，對(duì)著工地指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，但不可以下船。The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind.五星紅旗在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters.“Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River,” it said.遠(yuǎn)山上寫著20英尺大的漢字“建造三峽大壩，開發(fā)長(zhǎng)江資源”。

6.必修四Module 6 The Monster of the Lake Tianchi天池里的怪物 The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings.在最近兒次露面后，中國(guó)東北吉林省長(zhǎng)白山的“天池怪物”又成了新聞。The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in color, was ten meters from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐牡穆糜无k室主任盂凡迎介紹，最近有人看見怪物就在離湖邊十米的地方，怪物的顏色似乎是黑色的。“It jumped out of the water like a seal---about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it,” he said.他說:“大約有兩百多人從長(zhǎng)白山的西峰看見過怪物，它像海豹一樣躍出水面?！盇lthough no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xuejunlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.盡管誰(shuí)也沒有清楚這神秘怪物的真面目，但當(dāng)?shù)匾晃粩z影師薛俊林聲稱:怪物的頭看起來像馬頭?！?/p>

In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.最近另有一次，一群戰(zhàn)士證實(shí):他們看見湖的水面上有東西在游動(dòng)。The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes.正在湖邊行走的戰(zhàn)士看見怪物游弋了大約兩分鐘?！盜t was greenish-black and had a round head with lo-centimeter horns“, one of the soldiers said.其中一名戰(zhàn)士說;”怪物的顏色淺綠帶黑，圓形的頭上有十厘米左右的角。"

A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family.又一次報(bào)導(dǎo)來自李小和，當(dāng)時(shí)他和家人正在湖邊游玩。He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.After three or four hundred meters it dived into the water.他說他看見圓形黑色的東西在湖面快速游過三四百米后潛人水中。Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action.十分鐘后，怪物再次出現(xiàn)，并重復(fù)了相同的動(dòng)作。Mr.Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.李小和先生說他和家人看清楚了怪物，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)天氣好，湖水平靜。There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up.自上世紀(jì)初以來，一直就有關(guān)于天池怪物的報(bào)導(dǎo)，盡管還不曾有人近距離目睹過。Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away.雖然拍有怪物的一些照片，但由于距離太遠(yuǎn)，看起來模糊不清。Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland.許多人認(rèn)為，天池里的怪物或許是蘇格蘭尼斯湖中怪物的遠(yuǎn)親。They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world.他們還認(rèn)為，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有類似的怪物。Scientists, however, are skeptical.然而，科學(xué)家們表示懷疑。They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.他們說，溫度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。

Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world.It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres.In places it is more than 370 metres deep.天池是世界上最高的火山湖，海拔2，189米，面積有10平方公里，有的地方水深達(dá)370米。

第三篇：外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修4Module1-Module6 Cultural Corner課文逐句翻譯

M1-M6 B4 Cultural Corner 課文逐句翻譯

M1B4 Cultural Corner Famous Last Words沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的著名預(yù)言

Not all predictions come true.并非所有的預(yù)言都能成真。Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong.許多預(yù)言是錯(cuò)的，并且有些還是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:下面就是人們?cè)?0世紀(jì)對(duì)21世紀(jì)所作出的一些錯(cuò)誤的預(yù)言： AIRPLANES飛機(jī)

“No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.”“將不會(huì)有從紐約飛往巴黎的飛機(jī)?！?/p>

Orville Wright, 1908.奧維爾·賴特，1908。

COMPUTERS電腦

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”“我認(rèn)為將會(huì)有一個(gè)大約有五臺(tái)電腦的世界市場(chǎng)?！?/p>

Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.托馬斯·沃森，IBM主席，1943。

CLOTHES衣服

“Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.”“從現(xiàn)在起30年后人們將穿紙制的衣服，穿過兩三次后就可以把它們?nèi)拥??！?/p>

Changing Times Magazine, 1957.《流年雜志》，1957。

MEN ON THE MOON月球上的人類

“With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon.”“因?yàn)轭A(yù)測(cè)在20世紀(jì)70年代會(huì)有第一批到月球的移民，現(xiàn)在正在修建幾種類型的建筑物，當(dāng)人類在月球上時(shí)，他們需要住在里面?！?/p>

Arnold B.Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.阿諾德·B.貝拉克在《未來變化》中，1962。

THE BEATLES甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)

“We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.”“我們不喜歡他們的歌聲，吉他音樂即將過時(shí)。”

Decca Recording Co.rejecting the Beatles, 1962.反對(duì)甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)的臺(tái)卡唱片公司，1962。

ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE家庭機(jī)器人

“By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.”“到2000年之前，家庭主婦們可能會(huì)有一個(gè)盒狀的機(jī)器人，它的頂部有一只大眼睛，它還有幾只胳膊和手，身體兩邊還有又長(zhǎng)又窄的用來四處移動(dòng)的腳?！?/p>

New York Times, 1966.《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》，1966。

KEYS鑰匙

“By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys.”“到20紀(jì)世80年代中期人們將沒有必要把鑰匙藏在門口的擦鞋墊下面了，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)將不會(huì)有鑰匙了?！?/p>

Computer scientist Christopher Evans，The Micro Millennium, 1979.電腦科學(xué)家克里斯多弗埃文斯，《微機(jī)黃金時(shí)代》，1979。

M1B4 Cultural Corner Famous Last Words Not all predictions come true.Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong.Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century: AIRPLANES “No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.”

Orville Wright, 1908.COMPUTERS “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”

Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.CLOTHES “Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.”

Changing Times Magazine, 1957.MEN ON THE MOON “With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon.”

Arnold B.Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.THE BEATLES “We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.”

Decca Recording Co.rejecting the Beatles, 1962.ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE “By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.”

New York Times, 1966.KEYS “By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys.”

Computer scientist Christopher Evans，The Micro Millennium, 1979.M1B4 Cultural Corner譯文

沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的著名預(yù)言 并非所有的預(yù)言都能成真。許多預(yù)言是錯(cuò)的，并且有些還是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。下面就是人們?cè)?0世紀(jì)對(duì)21世紀(jì)所作出的一些錯(cuò)誤的預(yù)言： 飛機(jī)

“將不會(huì)有從紐約飛往巴黎的飛機(jī)?！?奧維爾·賴特，1908。電腦

“我認(rèn)為將會(huì)有一個(gè)大約有五臺(tái)電腦的世界市場(chǎng)。” 托馬斯·沃森，IBM主席，1943。衣服

“從現(xiàn)在起30年后人們將穿紙制的衣服，穿過兩三次后就可以把它們?nèi)拥簟！?《流年雜志》，1957。月球上的人類

“因?yàn)轭A(yù)測(cè)在20世紀(jì)70年代會(huì)有第一批到月球的移民，現(xiàn)在正在修建幾種類型的建筑物，當(dāng)人類在月球上時(shí)，他們需要住在里面?！?/p>

阿諾德·B.貝拉克在《未來變化》中，1962。甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)

“我們不喜歡他們的歌聲，吉他音樂即將過時(shí)?！?反對(duì)甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)的臺(tái)卡唱片公司，1962。家庭機(jī)器人

“到2000年之前，家庭主婦們可能會(huì)有一個(gè)盒狀的機(jī)器人，它的頂部有一只大眼睛，它還有幾只胳膊和手，身體兩邊還有又長(zhǎng)又窄的用來四處移動(dòng)的腳?！?/p>

《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》，1966。鑰匙

“到20紀(jì)世80年代中期人們將沒有必要把鑰匙藏在門口的擦鞋墊下面了，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)將不會(huì)有鑰匙了?！?/p>

電腦科學(xué)家克里斯多弗埃文斯，《微機(jī)黃金時(shí)代》，1979。

M2B4 Cultural Corner

The London Congestion Charge倫敦的交通擁堵費(fèi)

Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.北京不是唯一有交通阻塞問題的城市。You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵車。The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.發(fā)展快的城市問題最嚴(yán)重，如巴西的圣保羅和尼日利亞的拉各斯。But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, 但甚至在一些像美國(guó)這樣的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的城市里也有這樣的問題。洛杉磯，and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USA's most congested city.一座在建設(shè)時(shí)就考慮了機(jī)動(dòng)車輛并以其六車道公路聞名的城市，現(xiàn)在卻是美國(guó)交通最擁擠的城市。

In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, 大多數(shù)歐洲的首都城市在小汽車大量涌現(xiàn)之前就已規(guī)劃建設(shè)好了，and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.因此市中心的堵車長(zhǎng)久以來成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.倫敦市中心的交通狀況變得如此糟糕，司機(jī)們要用

50%的時(shí)間來排隊(duì)，于是當(dāng)?shù)卣疀Q定就此采取一些措施。In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.200

3年2月，倫敦市長(zhǎng)肯?利文斯通宣布進(jìn)入市中心的車要交“交通擁堵費(fèi)”。

The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay ￡5 a day.想法很簡(jiǎn)單：每輛進(jìn)入市中心的車一天要交5英鎊的費(fèi)用。Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m.司機(jī)們可以在晚上10點(diǎn)之前在首都的10000個(gè)收費(fèi)點(diǎn)中的任何一個(gè)上繳該費(fèi)用。As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.進(jìn)入市區(qū)的小汽車都會(huì)被攝像機(jī)拍下車牌號(hào)碼，用以檢查當(dāng)天司機(jī)是否繳費(fèi)。People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of ￡80.不繳費(fèi)者將會(huì)面臨80英磅的罰款。Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.大多數(shù)倫敦人對(duì)此都不開心。They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...他們承認(rèn)倫敦存在交通問題，但是“交通擁堵費(fèi)”太高，而且限制了他們的自由??

But does the congestion charge work? 但是“交通擁堵費(fèi)”發(fā)揮作用了嗎？A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.2003

年年底進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示效果很不錯(cuò)。After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent.僅僅只是6個(gè)月之后，進(jìn)入倫敦市中心的車減少了約30%，旅程的次數(shù)減少了15%。More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular.更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行車突然流行起來。What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.更值得一提的是，雖然車少了，但倫敦市中心的商鋪并沒有減少營(yíng)業(yè)額。

But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.但是，有些人認(rèn)為收費(fèi)應(yīng)該更高，（因?yàn)椋┫衲切┰谑兄行墓ぷ鞯母挥械纳虅?wù)人士能輕松支付此項(xiàng)費(fèi)用。This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty.這（收費(fèi)更高）會(huì)避免更多的車輛進(jìn)入倫敦市中心，道路也幾乎會(huì)是空的。However, there are no plans to increase the charge.但是，倫敦還沒有提高該費(fèi)用的計(jì)劃。

M2B4 Cultural Corner譯文

M2B4 Cultural Corner The London Congestion Charge Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USA's most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay ￡5 a day.Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m.As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of ￡80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent.More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular.What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty.However, there are no plans to increase the charge.M2B4 Cultural Corner譯文 倫敦的交通擁堵費(fèi)

北京不是唯一有交通阻塞問題的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵車。發(fā)展快的城市問題最嚴(yán)重，如巴西的圣保羅和尼日利亞的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美國(guó)這樣的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的城市里也有這樣的問題。洛杉磯，一座在建設(shè)時(shí)就考慮了機(jī)動(dòng)車輛并以其六車道公路聞名的城市，現(xiàn)在卻是美國(guó)交通最擁擠的城市。大多數(shù)歐洲的首都城市在小汽車大量涌現(xiàn)之前就已規(guī)劃建設(shè)好了，因此市中心的堵車長(zhǎng)久以來成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。倫敦市中心的交通狀況變得如此糟糕，司機(jī)們要用50%的時(shí)間來排隊(duì)，于是當(dāng)?shù)卣疀Q定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，倫敦市長(zhǎng)肯?利文斯通宣布進(jìn)入市中心的車要交“交通擁堵費(fèi)”。想法很簡(jiǎn)單：每輛進(jìn)入市中心的車一天要交5英鎊的費(fèi)用。司機(jī)們可以在晚上10點(diǎn)之前在首都的10000個(gè)收費(fèi)點(diǎn)中的任何一個(gè)上繳該費(fèi)用。進(jìn)入市區(qū)的小汽車都會(huì)被攝像機(jī)拍下車牌號(hào)碼，用以檢查當(dāng)天司機(jī)是否繳費(fèi)。不繳費(fèi)者將會(huì)面臨80英磅的罰款。

大多數(shù)倫敦人對(duì)此都不開心。他們承認(rèn)倫敦存在交通問題，但是“交通擁堵費(fèi)”太高，而且限制了他們的自由??

但是“交通擁堵費(fèi)”發(fā)揮作用了嗎？2003年年底進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示效果很不錯(cuò)。僅僅只是6個(gè)月之后，進(jìn)入倫敦市中心的車減少了約30%，旅程的次數(shù)減少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行車突然流行起來。更值得一提的是，雖然車少了，但倫敦市中心的商鋪并沒有減少營(yíng)業(yè)額。

但是，有些人認(rèn)為收費(fèi)應(yīng)該更高，（因?yàn)椋┫衲切┰谑兄行墓ぷ鞯母挥械纳虅?wù)人士能輕松支付此項(xiàng)費(fèi)用。這（收費(fèi)更高）會(huì)避免更多的車輛進(jìn)入倫敦市中心，道路也幾乎會(huì)是空的。但是，倫敦還沒有提高該費(fèi)用的計(jì)劃。

M3 B4 Cultural Corner

Clapping鼓掌

Why do we clap? 我們?yōu)槭裁垂恼疲縏o show we like something, of course.當(dāng)然是為了表示我們喜歡某件東西。But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.但不論一個(gè)電視節(jié)目或一本書有多好，在結(jié)束時(shí)我們都不鼓掌。We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers.我們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演，如戲劇或音樂會(huì)結(jié)束時(shí)鼓掌，以表示對(duì)演出者的感謝。First they give, and then we give.首先他們給予精彩的表演，然后我們給予熱烈的掌聲。Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.沒有我們——觀眾——表演就是不完整的。

The custom of clapping has early beginnings.鼓掌的習(xí)俗很早就開始了。In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part.在古代雅典，掌聲意味著評(píng)判和參與。Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win.戲劇常常是彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，延長(zhǎng)的掌聲可以幫助某出戲劇獲勝。The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people,劇場(chǎng)很大——可容納14000人，half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.是城市成年男性人口的一半，這就意味著觀眾們可以制造出很多聲響。

Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience.掌聲是一個(gè)人成為團(tuán)體一員的標(biāo)志，是演員與觀眾平等的標(biāo)志。The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.重要的是整齊地制造聲響，將一個(gè)人微弱的鼓掌聲與其他人的融合起來。Clapping is social, like laughter:鼓掌具有其社會(huì)性，就像笑聲： you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.你獨(dú)自一人時(shí)不會(huì)經(jīng)常鼓掌或大笑。It is like laughter in another way, too:鼓掌在另一方面也很像笑聲： it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.會(huì)傳染，而且傳播得很快。Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.在音樂會(huì)上和劇場(chǎng)里鼓掌是世界性的習(xí)慣。But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.但是每個(gè)國(guó)家人們鼓掌的習(xí)慣在某些場(chǎng)合是不同的。For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.例如，在英國(guó)人們?cè)诨槎Y上鼓掌，而在意大利人們有時(shí)會(huì)在葬禮上鼓掌。

M3 B4 Cultural Corner

Clapping Why do we clap? To show we like something, of course.But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers.First they give, and then we give.Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings.In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part.Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win.The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience.The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.Clapping is social, like laughter: you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.It is like laughter in another way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.M3B4 Cultural Corner譯文

鼓掌

我們?yōu)槭裁垂恼疲慨?dāng)然是為了表示我們喜歡某件東西。但不論一個(gè)電視節(jié)目或一本書有多好，在結(jié)束時(shí)我們都不鼓掌。我們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演，如戲劇或音樂會(huì)結(jié)束時(shí)鼓掌，以表示對(duì)演出者的感謝。首先他們給予精彩的表演，然后我們給予熱烈的掌聲。沒有我們——觀眾——表演就是不完整的。

鼓掌的習(xí)俗很早就開始了。在古代雅典，掌聲意味著評(píng)判和參與。戲劇常常是彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，延長(zhǎng)的掌聲可以幫助某出戲劇獲勝。劇場(chǎng)很大——可容納14000人，是城市成年男性人口的一半，這就意味著觀眾們可以制造出很多聲響。掌聲是一個(gè)人成為團(tuán)體一員的標(biāo)志，是演員與觀眾平等的標(biāo)志。重要的是整齊地制造聲響，將一個(gè)人微弱的鼓掌聲與其他人的融合起來。鼓掌具有其社會(huì)性，就像笑聲：你獨(dú)自一人時(shí)不會(huì)經(jīng)常鼓掌或大笑。鼓掌在另一方面也很像笑聲：會(huì)傳染，而且傳播得很快。在音樂會(huì)上和劇場(chǎng)里鼓掌是世界性的習(xí)慣。但是每個(gè)國(guó)家人們鼓掌的習(xí)慣在某些場(chǎng)合是不同的。例如，在英國(guó)人們?cè)诨槎Y上鼓掌，而在意大利人們有時(shí)會(huì)在葬禮上鼓掌。

M4 B4 Cultural Corner

Rockets火箭

Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.今天，火箭是我們用來將宇航員送入太空的非常先進(jìn)的機(jī)器。They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.它們也被用在慶祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奧運(yùn)會(huì)的閉幕式或2000年新千年的開始。

Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago.火箭大概是大約兩千年前被偶然發(fā)明出來的。The Chinese had a form of gunpowder

which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals.中國(guó)人有一種裝在竹管里的火藥，這種火藥是節(jié)日中被用來扔進(jìn)火里爆炸的。Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.也許一些竹管從火堆里躥了出來，而不是在里面炸開。The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)從竹管里釋放出來的氣體可以使其飛向空中。The idea of the rocket was born.于是關(guān)于火箭的想法誕生了。

The first military use of rockets was in 1232.火箭第一次被用于軍事上是在1232年。The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.那時(shí)宋朝正與蒙古作戰(zhàn)。During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot “arrows of flying fire”.在開封戰(zhàn)役中，宋軍射出了“飛火箭”。The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.這些竹管被綁到一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍可幫助火箭沿筆直的方向飛行。Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.不久，蒙古人學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣自己制造火箭，并且可能是他們將其引入歐洲的。Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy.在13世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)期間，在英國(guó)、法國(guó)和意大利有很多關(guān)于火箭的實(shí)驗(yàn)。They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.它們都用于軍事目的。一個(gè)意大利科學(xué)家甚至發(fā)明了一種可以飛過水面打中敵艦的火箭。

But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.但并不是每個(gè)人都想將火箭用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair.一個(gè)名叫萬(wàn)戶的中國(guó)官員發(fā)明了一種“飛椅”。He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.他把兩個(gè)大風(fēng)箏綁到椅子上，又把47個(gè)火箭綁一風(fēng)箏上。The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.火箭被點(diǎn)燃了，發(fā)生了巨大的爆炸，出現(xiàn)了厚厚的濃煙。When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.當(dāng)煙霧消散時(shí)，萬(wàn)戶和他的椅子已經(jīng)不見。No one knows what happened.沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么。Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? 萬(wàn)戶被炸死了？Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?還是他被載入了數(shù)英里遠(yuǎn)的太空而成為世界上第一個(gè)宇航員了呢？

M4 B4 Cultural Corner

Rockets Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago.The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals.Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot “arrows of flying fire”.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy.They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair.He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.No one knows what happened.Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?

M4B4 Cultural Corner譯文

火箭 今天，火箭是我們用來將宇航員送入太空的非常先進(jìn)的機(jī)器。它們也被用在慶祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奧運(yùn)會(huì)的閉幕式或2000年新千年的開始。

火箭大概是大約兩千年前被偶然發(fā)明出來的。中國(guó)人有一種裝在竹管里的火藥，這種火藥是節(jié)日中被用來扔進(jìn)火里爆炸的。也許一些竹管從火堆里躥了出來，而不是在里面炸開。中國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)從竹管里釋放出來的氣體可以使其飛向空中。于是關(guān)于火箭的想法誕生了。

火箭第一次被用于軍事上是在1232年。那時(shí)宋朝正與蒙古作戰(zhàn)。在開封戰(zhàn)役中，宋軍射出了“飛火箭”。這些竹管被綁到一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍可幫助火箭沿筆直的方向飛行。不久，蒙古人學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣自己制造火箭，并且可能是他們將其引入歐洲的。在13世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)期間，在英國(guó)、法國(guó)和意大利有很多關(guān)于火箭的實(shí)驗(yàn)。它們都用于軍事目的。一個(gè)意大利科學(xué)家甚至發(fā)明了一種可以飛過水面打中敵艦的火箭。

但并不是每個(gè)人都想將火箭用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。一個(gè)名叫萬(wàn)戶的中國(guó)官員發(fā)明了一種“飛椅”。他把兩個(gè)大風(fēng)箏綁到椅子上，又把47個(gè)火箭綁一風(fēng)箏上?；鸺稽c(diǎn)燃了，發(fā)生了巨大的爆炸，出現(xiàn)了厚厚的濃煙。當(dāng)煙霧消散時(shí)，萬(wàn)戶和他的椅子已經(jīng)不見。沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么。萬(wàn)戶被炸死了？還是他被載入了數(shù)英里遠(yuǎn)的太空而成為世界上第一個(gè)宇航員了呢？

M5B4 Cultural Corner

Postcards to Myself給自己的明信片

In 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three.在50年的旅行中，科林麥科克代爾已經(jīng)游覽過除三個(gè)國(guó)家以外的世界各國(guó)。And everywhere he goes, he sends himself a postcard.無(wú)論他去哪兒，他都給自己寄一張明信片。He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp.他總是選一張有著美麗風(fēng)景的明信片。并貼上一枚有趣的郵票。Usually he writes just a short message to himself.His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing.通常他只是給自己寫一條簡(jiǎn)短的信息。他最近的一張明信片來自馬爾維納斯群島，上面寫著“釣魚很好”。

On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world.在倫敦他家里的一面墻上有一張大的世界地圖。There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.上面扎著數(shù)百個(gè)紅色的小別針?！癐t's good to get a pin in the map,” says Mr McCorquodale, “在地圖上扎個(gè)別針很好，”麥科克代爾先生說，“but I follow the rules.I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've been in a place for more than 24 hours.”“但我遵守規(guī)定。只有當(dāng)我在一個(gè)地方待24個(gè)小時(shí)以上，我才允許自己扎一個(gè)?！?/p>

Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places.自然，麥科克代爾先生有他最喜歡的地方。New Zealand he describes as “wonderful”.他用“妙極了”來形容新西蘭。In Europe, Italy is a favourite place.在歐洲，意大利是他最喜歡的地方?！癟here's a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off.“在旅游業(yè)有一種說法是所有的游客都被敲了竹杠。Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile.” 不過，至少意大利人是面帶微笑地敲你的竹杠?！監(jiān)f China he says,“This is one country in the world which is completely different.對(duì)于中國(guó)，他說：“在這世界上這是一個(gè)完全與眾不同的國(guó)家。There's no European influence.It's been around for 6,000 years, yet it's a country of the future.”它沒有受到歐洲的影響。它已經(jīng)存在了6000年，但仍然是一個(gè)充滿未來的國(guó)家?！?/p>

Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him a photo of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secret pocket, and a pen for writing his postcards.不管到哪里，麥科克代爾先生都帶著妻子的一張照片、一根蠟燭、一個(gè)手電筒、一件有著一個(gè)隱秘口袋的襯衫，還有一支用來寫明信片的鋼筆。

So why does he do it? 那么他為什么要這樣做呢？For the postcards or the travel? 是為了明信片還是為了旅行？Mr McCorquodale laughs.麥科克代爾先生笑了?！癐 do it for the journey,” he says.“I get a kick out of travelling.And all the planning.”“為了旅行，”他說?！拔蚁矚g旅行以及所有的計(jì)劃?！?/p>

M5B4 Cultural Corner

Postcards to Myself

In 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three.And everywhere he goes, he sends himself a postcard.He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp.Usually he writes just a short message to himself.His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing.On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world.There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.“It's good to get a pin in the map,” says Mr McCorquodale, “but I follow the rules.I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've been in a place for more than 24 hours.” Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places.New Zealand he describes as “wonderful”.In Europe, Italy is a favourite place.“There's a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off.Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile.” Of China he says,“This is one country in the world which is completely different.There's no European influence.It's been around for 6,000 years, yet it's a country of the future.” Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him a photo of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secret pocket, and a pen for writing his postcards.So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel? Mr McCorquodale laughs.“I do it for the journey,” he says.“I get a kick out of travelling.And all the planning.” M5B4 Cultural Corner譯文

給自己的明信片

在50年的旅行中，科林麥科克代爾已經(jīng)游覽過除三個(gè)國(guó)家以外的世界各國(guó)。無(wú)論他去哪兒，他都給自己寄一張明信片。他總是選一張有著美麗風(fēng)景的明信片。并貼上一枚有趣的郵票。通常他只是給自己寫一條簡(jiǎn)短的信息。他最近的一張明信片來自馬爾維納斯群島，上面寫著“釣魚很好”。

在倫敦他家里的一面墻上有一張大的世界地圖。上面扎著數(shù)百個(gè)紅色的小別針?！霸诘貓D上扎個(gè)別針很好，”麥科克代爾先生說，“但我遵守規(guī)定。只有當(dāng)我在一個(gè)地方待24個(gè)小時(shí)以上，我才允許自己扎一個(gè)?！?/p>

自然，麥科克代爾先生有他最喜歡的地方。他用“妙極了”來形容新西蘭。在歐洲，意大利是他最喜歡的地方。“在旅游業(yè)有一種說法是所有的游客都被敲了竹杠。不過，至少意大利人是面帶微笑地敲你的竹杠。”對(duì)于中國(guó)，他說：“在這世界上這是一個(gè)完全與眾不同的國(guó)家。它沒有受到歐洲的影響。它已經(jīng)存在了6000年，但仍然是一個(gè)充滿未來的國(guó)家?！?/p>

不管到哪里，麥科克代爾先生都帶著妻子的一張照片、一根蠟燭、一個(gè)手電筒、一件有著一個(gè)隱秘口袋的襯衫，還有一支用來寫明信片的鋼筆。

那么他為什么要這樣做呢？是為了明信片還是為了旅行？麥科克代爾先生笑了?！盀榱寺眯?，”他說?！拔蚁矚g旅行以及所有的計(jì)劃?！?/p>

M6B4 Cultural Corner

The Universal Dragon世界上的龍

Dragons can be friendly or fierce, 龍可能是友好的也可能是兇猛的，they can bring good luck or cause death and destruction, 可能會(huì)帶來好運(yùn)也可能帶來死亡與毀壞，but one thing is sure—people talk about them almost everywhere in the world.但有一點(diǎn)是確定的——幾乎世界上所有地方的人都談?wù)撍鼈?。For a creature that doesn't actually exist, that's quite something.對(duì)于一種實(shí)際上并不存在的生物，那是非同尋常的。

In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable.在中國(guó)的文化里，龍是慷慨和智慧的，盡管它們也許是變化莫測(cè)的。The dragon was closely connected to the royal family:龍跟皇室家族是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的： the emperor's robes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws.皇袍上有一個(gè)五爪金龍的標(biāo)志。Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour.皇室其他成員也被允許穿帶有龍的標(biāo)志的服裝，但爪子要少，顏色也不同。According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader.根據(jù)大眾的看法，如果出生在龍年，你就聰明、勇敢，并且是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

But in the west, dragons had a different reputation.但在西方，龍有不同的名聲。The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, 最早的英語(yǔ)文章是盎格魯一撒克遜人的詩(shī)《貝奧武夫》，它講述了這樣一個(gè)故事：who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight.一位斯堪的納維亞英雄貝奧武夫與一條危險(xiǎn)的龍戰(zhàn)斗并殺死了它，可英雄自己也死于戰(zhàn)斗中。However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a positive symbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity.然而，越過威爾士的邊境，出現(xiàn)在威爾士國(guó)旗上的紅色的龍則是一個(gè)正面象征，暗示著力量與民族特性的認(rèn)同感。

Why should the dragon have a different character in different parts of the world? 為什么龍?jiān)谑澜绮煌貐^(qū)有不同的特征？Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.一些專家認(rèn)為是由于這些神話所借助的動(dòng)物的不同（才有了不同的認(rèn)識(shí)）。In the west, the idea of the dragon probably came from the snake—an animal which people hated and were afraid of.在西方，龍的概念可能來自蛇——一種人們既憎慨又害怕的動(dòng)物。

But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator—a shy animal which lives in rivers,而在中國(guó)，龍的概念可能來自短吻鱷——一種生活在江河里的害羞的動(dòng)物，but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water—a good sign for agriculture.但它通常只能在水源充沛的時(shí)候才能見到——這對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)來說是好兆頭。So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.因此，中國(guó)的龍是帶來好運(yùn)的使者。

M6B4 Cultural Corner

The Universal Dragon Dragons can be friendly or fierce, they can bring good luck or cause death and destruction, but one thing is sure—people talk about them almost everywhere in the world.For a creature that doesn't actually exist, that's quite something.In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable.The dragon was closely connected to the royal family: the emperor's robes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws.Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour.According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader.But in the west, dragons had a different reputation.The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight.However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a

positive symbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity.Why should the dragon have a different character in different parts of the world? Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.In the west, the idea of the dragon probably came from the snake—an animal which people hated and were afraid of.But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator—a shy animal which lives in rivers, but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water—a good sign for agriculture.So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.M6B4 Cultural Corner譯文

世界上的龍

龍可能是友好的也可能是兇猛的，可能會(huì)帶來好運(yùn)也可能帶來死亡與毀壞，但有一點(diǎn)是確定的——幾乎世界上所有地方的人都談?wù)撍鼈儭?duì)于一種實(shí)際上并不存在的生物，那是非同尋常的。

在中國(guó)的文化里，龍是慷慨和智慧的，盡管它們也許是變化莫測(cè)的。龍跟皇室家族是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的：皇袍上有一個(gè)五爪金龍的標(biāo)志?；适移渌蓡T也被允許穿帶有龍的標(biāo)志的服裝，但爪子要少，顏色也不同。根據(jù)大眾的看法，如果出生在龍年，你就聰明、勇敢，并且是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

但在西方，龍有不同的名聲。最早的英語(yǔ)文章是盎格魯一撒克遜人的詩(shī)《貝奧武夫》，它講述了這樣一個(gè)故事：一位斯堪的納維亞英雄貝奧武夫與一條危險(xiǎn)的龍戰(zhàn)斗并殺死了它，可英雄自己也死于戰(zhàn)斗中。然而，越過威爾士的邊境，出現(xiàn)在威爾士國(guó)旗上的紅色的龍則是一個(gè)正面象征，暗示著力量與民族特性的認(rèn)同感。為什么龍?jiān)谑澜绮煌貐^(qū)有不同的特征？一些專家認(rèn)為是由于這些神話所借助的動(dòng)物的不同（才有了不同的認(rèn)識(shí)）。在西方，龍的概念可能來自蛇——一種人們既憎慨又害怕的動(dòng)物。而在中國(guó)，龍的概念可能來自短吻鱷——一種生活在江河里的害羞的動(dòng)物，但它通常只能在水源充沛的時(shí)候才能見到——這對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)來說是好兆頭。因此，中國(guó)的龍是帶來好運(yùn)的使者。

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)必修5課文逐句翻譯(外研版)

1.必修五MODULE 1 Words, words, words詞，詞，詞

British and American English are different in many ways.英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)在很多方面都有所不同。The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.首先最明顯的是在詞匯方面。There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning.有數(shù)以百計(jì)個(gè)不同的詞在大西洋彼岸的另一個(gè)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家不被使用，或者以一種不同的意思被使用著。Some of these words are well known---Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas;其中有些詞就很廣泛地為人所知---美國(guó)人在freeways上駕駛的是automobiles，給車加gas;the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.英國(guó)人在motorways上駕駛的是cars，給車加petrol。As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American).作為游人，在倫敦你要乘underground，而在紐約則是subway，或者你愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游覽城市。Chips or French files Chips 還是French fries?

But other words and expressions are not so well known.但是其他詞語(yǔ)和表達(dá)方式卻沒有這么廣泛地為人所知。Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch.美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人卻叫它torch。The British queue up;Americans stand in line.英國(guó)人排隊(duì)用queue up，而美國(guó)人說stand in line。有時(shí)候，Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.同一個(gè)單詞在意義上一點(diǎn)細(xì)微的差別就讓人很困惑。Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain;in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.比如chips這個(gè)詞在英國(guó)是熱炸的薯?xiàng)l，在美國(guó)chips卻指非常薄而且裝在紙袋里出售的薯片。The British call these crisps.英國(guó)人把這種東西稱為crips。The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.英國(guó)人知道而且喜歡的薯?xiàng)l在大西洋對(duì)岸被稱為French fries。Have or have got? Have 還是have got?

There are a few differences in grammar, too.在語(yǔ)法上，英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)也有一些區(qū)別。The British say Have you got...?I while Americans prefer Do you have.-.? 英國(guó)人說Have you got·?然而美國(guó)人卻愿意說Do you have...？ An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived.美國(guó)人可能會(huì)說My friend just arrived，但是英國(guó)人愿意講My friend has just arrived。Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend(American)with in the team, at the weekend(British).介詞的用法也有所不同:比較一下on the team, on the weekend(美國(guó)用法)和in the team, at the weekend(英國(guó)用法)。The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them(.I'll see you Monday, Write me soon!).英國(guó)人用介詞的地方美國(guó)人有時(shí)候可能會(huì)省略(I“l(fā)l see you Monday;Write me soon!)。Colour or color? Colour還是color?

The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.此外，在兩種英語(yǔ)中另外兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的區(qū)別是拼寫和發(fā)音。Americanspelling seems simpler:美式英語(yǔ)的拼寫看上去更簡(jiǎn)單一些：center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme.center, color和program 是美式拼法，centre, colour和programme 是英式拼法。Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.自從400年前第一批移民的到來，有很多因素影響了美語(yǔ)發(fā)音。The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US.在美國(guó)東海岸能夠聽到跟英式英語(yǔ)非常接近的口音。When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家蕭伯納講那句名言：英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被同一種語(yǔ)言分開的兩個(gè)民族的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們的區(qū)別。But are they really so important? 但是這些區(qū)別真的如此重要嗎?After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.畢竟，兩個(gè)國(guó)家境內(nèi)的口音差別可能跟兩國(guó)之間的口音差別一樣多。A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.一個(gè)倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人講話可能比理解一個(gè)紐約人更難。Turn on the TV打開電視機(jī) Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.很多專家相信這兩種語(yǔ)言變體正在越來越接近。For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily.一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，大西洋兩岸的交流穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。Since 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the Hick of a switch.自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來，隨著衛(wèi)星電視和因特網(wǎng)的使用，非常便捷地聽到英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)成為可能。

This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流使得英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人相互理解起來更加容易。But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是這也致使許多美式英語(yǔ)單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳人英式英語(yǔ)，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人相信英式英語(yǔ)將要消失。

However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents-American, British, Australian, and even Spanish.然而，如果你打開美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員操著不同的口音---美國(guó)的，英國(guó)的，澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong.China, and grew up, speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English.其中最熟悉的臉孔之一，慕妮塔·讓治派出生于中國(guó)香港，從小到大說的是漢語(yǔ)、Punjabi土語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。

This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many ”Englishes“, not just two main varieties.這種國(guó)際性的廣泛使用表明，在未來將有很多種英語(yǔ)，不僅僅是兩種。But the message is ”Don't worry.“ Users of English will all be able to understand each other---wherever they are.但其實(shí)大家不用擔(dān)心!無(wú)論在哪里，英語(yǔ)的使用者們都會(huì)彼此理解。

2.必修五MODULE 2 The Human Traffic Signal人體交通標(biāo)志 1_________________ At 3,500 metres, La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world.位于海拔3,500 米的玻利維亞首府拉巴斯是世界上最高的首都。Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult.在高海拔地區(qū)的生活很艱苦，高山使得地區(qū)交通非常困難。Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent.許多路況很差而且事故頻發(fā)，One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world.尤其是從拉巴斯通向北邊的一條路被認(rèn)為是世上最危險(xiǎn)的路。On one side the mountains rise steeply;on the other side there is a sheer drop which in places is hundreds of metres deep.在路的一邊，山體高聳險(xiǎn)峻，另一邊懸崖陡峭，有些地方足有幾百米深。Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.盡管這條路上每天的交通量不大，但是平均每?jī)芍芫陀幸惠v車沖出公路，掉下懸崖。The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.懸崖落差如此之大，在掉下去的車?yán)锶魏我粋€(gè)能活著的乘客都是幸運(yùn)的。In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon.按理，這條路上從早晨8點(diǎn)開始只準(zhǔn)許上山的車通行，下午3點(diǎn)以后下山的車通行。But in practice, few drivers respect this rules.但實(shí)際上，幾乎沒有司機(jī)遵守這些規(guī)則。2_________________ But thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen.但是多虧了一個(gè)人，這條路上的事故死亡率己經(jīng)下降了。Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as lacurva del Diablo(the Devil's Bend).46歲的鐵穆特歐·安迫賽是個(gè)性格溫和的人，他住在距離這條路最危險(xiǎn)的一段附近的村莊里。這段路被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q為lacurva del Diablo(魔鬼彎道)。Timoteo has an unusual job--he is a human traffic signal.鐵穆特歐有一個(gè)不同尋常的工作---他是人體交通標(biāo)志。Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.每天早晨，他手里部拿著一個(gè)大圓板爬上彎道。The board is red on one side and green on the other.圓板一面是紅色的，一面是綠色的。Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic.鐵穆特歐站在轉(zhuǎn)彎處指揮著交通。When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they can't see each other, but they can see Timoteo.當(dāng)兩輛車相對(duì)開來的時(shí)候，他們彼此看不到，但都能看到鐵穆特歐。Timoteo is a volunteer.鐵穆特歐是一個(gè)志愿者。No one asked him to do the job, and no one pays him for it.沒有人要他做這個(gè)工作，也沒有人為此付錢給他。Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on.有時(shí)候一些司機(jī)會(huì)給他點(diǎn)小費(fèi)，使他能夠維持生活。But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted.但是大多數(shù)情況下，司機(jī)們開著車就過去了，把人體交通標(biāo)志看作理所當(dāng)然的事情。3____________________ So why does he do it? 但是，他為什么要這樣做呢? Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.在他志愿指揮交通之前，做過很多工作。He had been a miner and a soldier.他曾是礦工，還當(dāng)過兵。Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close encounter with death.他做卡車司機(jī)的時(shí)候，有一次他跟死神打了個(gè)照面。He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.當(dāng)他正開著裝滿香蕉的卡車要駛過一個(gè)彎道的時(shí)候，他連人帶車翻到了300多米深的山崖下。Somehow he survived.萬(wàn)幸的是，他活了下來。He was in hospital for months.他在醫(yī)院呆了好幾個(gè)月。Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo.幾年后的一天夜里，他被叫出來幫忙拉出在魔鬼彎道墜毀的公共汽車?yán)锏娜?。This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo.最后的這次經(jīng)歷對(duì)鐵穆特歐產(chǎn)生了重大影響，He realized that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others.他意識(shí)到他能活下來是很幸運(yùn)的，而且感覺到幫助別人是他人生的使命。And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.于是每天早晨，鐵穆特歐都來到路的拐彎處站好自己的位置，開始指揮來往車輛，從拂曉到黃昏，一周又一周。

3.必修五MODULE 3 Steam boat汽船

There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.后半夜來了一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，大雨傾盆而下。We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.我們躲進(jìn)了自己搭起來的避雨棚，讓木筏順流而下。Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of the river.突然間，借著閃電的光亮，我們看到河中間有東西。It looked like a house at first, but then we realized it was a steam boat.一開始它看上去像座房子，但后來我們意識(shí)到那是艘蒸汽船。It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water.它觸礁了，一半沉在水里，一半露在水面上。We were sailing straight towards it.我們的木筏正朝著它駛?cè)ァ?/p>

”It looks as if it'll go under soon,“ Jim said, after a couple of minutes.”看起來它快沉了，“過了一會(huì)兒，吉姆說。

”Let's go and take a look,“ I said”我們?nèi)タ纯丛趺椿厥聝??！拔医又f。

”I don't want to board a sinking ship,“ said Jim, ”我可不想上一條要沉的船?！凹凡煌?。but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go.但當(dāng)我提出我們可能在上面找到些有用的東西時(shí)，他還是同意了。So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice.于是我們劃了過去，躁手鑷腳地，像老鼠一樣悄無(wú)聲息地爬上了汽船。To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins.令我們大吃一驚的是，有間船艙里還亮著一盞燈。Then we heard someone shout, ”O(jiān)h please boys, don't kill me!I won't tell anybody!“ 接著我們聽到人的嚎叫聲，”哦，哥們兒，別殺我!我跟誰(shuí)也不會(huì)說的!“

A man's angry voice answered, ”You're lying.You said that last time.We're going to kill you.“ 一個(gè)男人生氣的聲音回應(yīng)到:”你在撒謊，上次你也是這么說的。我們要?dú)⒘四?“

When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft.吉姆聽到了這些后，恐懼萬(wàn)分，向木筏跑了過去。But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head round the door.而我盡管害怕，但也感到十分好奇，于是就把頭湊向了那扇門。It was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope.船艙里面很黑，但我能看見一個(gè)人被繩子捆著，躺在地板上。There were two men standing over him.有兩個(gè)人圍著他站著。One was short, with a beard.其中一個(gè)是矮個(gè)，留著絡(luò)腮胡子，The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun.另外一個(gè)是高個(gè)，手里拿著什么東西，看起來像是把槍?！盜've had enough of you.I'm going to shoot you now,“ this man said.”我受夠你了!我現(xiàn)在就要斃了你?！澳莻€(gè)高個(gè)說道。He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor.顯然他就是剛才威脅躺在地上的人的那個(gè)人。And it was a gun he had in his hand.握在他手中的確實(shí)是把槍。

”No, don't do that,“ said the short man.”Let's leave him here.The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and he'll go down with it.“ ”不，別這么干?！澳莻€(gè)矮個(gè)說，”我們把他扔在這兒。這船過幾小時(shí)就沉了，他也就跟船一起沉了?！?/p>

When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying.聽到這話后，那個(gè)在地上己被嚇傻的人開始嚎哭?！盚e sounds as if he's going to die of fright!“ I thought.”I have to find a way to save him!“ ”聽起來他就要嚇?biāo)懒?，“我想，”我得設(shè)法去救他。“

I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard.我沿著甲板爬行，找到了吉姆，并告訴他我所聽到的一切?！盬e must find their boat and take it away, then they'll have to stay here,“ I said.我說:”我們必須找到他們的船并弄走它，然后他們就不得不呆在這兒了。“

Jim looked terrified.”I'm not staying here,“ he said.吉姆看上去很害怕，說:”我不想呆在這兒?！?But I persuaded him to help me, and we found the men's boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.但我勸他幫我的忙，找到了他們拴在沉船另一邊的小船。We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.我們悄悄地爬上了小船，就在我們劃著小船離開了那艘要沉的汽船時(shí)，我們聽到那兩個(gè)人的吼叫聲。By then we were a safe distance away.而那時(shí)我們已經(jīng)離他們有段安全的距離了。But now I began to feel bad about what we had done.1 didn't want all three men to die.但現(xiàn)在我開始后悔這么做了----我不想讓那三個(gè)人部死掉。

4.必修五MODULE 4 The Magic of the Mask面具的魔力

Think of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion.想到狂歡節(jié)，你就會(huì)想到人群、各色各樣的服裝和熱鬧非凡的場(chǎng)面。The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.熱鬧的場(chǎng)面在不同的國(guó)家會(huì)有所不同，但人們的興奮程度在各地都是相同的?！盋arnival“ comes from two Latin words, meaning ” no more meat“.狂歡節(jié)這個(gè)詞是由兩個(gè)拉丁詞演變而來的，意思是”禁肉食“。In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, 歐洲是狂歡節(jié)的起源地，在那里，狂歡節(jié)過后會(huì)有40天不食肉的日子。as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter.這期間，人們準(zhǔn)備迎接基督教的節(jié)日復(fù)活節(jié)。People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up.他們把狂歡節(jié)作為冬天結(jié)束前最后一次玩樂的機(jī)會(huì)，盡情地吃、喝、喬裝打扮一番。

The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice.歐洲最著名的狂歡節(jié)是在威尼斯。At the beginning, it lasted for just one day.最初，狂歡節(jié)只持續(xù)一天。People ate, drank, and wore masks.人們吃啊，喝啊，并戴上面具。As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.漸漸地，慶?？駳g節(jié)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了，圣誕節(jié)一過狂歡節(jié)就開始。For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised.接連幾個(gè)星期，人們戴著面具走街串巷，為所欲為而不會(huì)被認(rèn)出來。Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romanticadventures in secret.普通人可以裝成闊佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地體驗(yàn)浪漫奇遇。Many crimes went unpunished.很多罪行都逃脫了懲處。The government realized that wearing masks had become a problem.政府意識(shí)到戴面具成了一個(gè)社會(huì)問題。Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.于是制定了限用面具的法律條文，這最早可以追溯到14世紀(jì)。Men were not allowed to wear masks at night;and they were not allowed to dress up as women.男子不準(zhǔn)在夜間戴面具，并且不能假扮女性。In later times more laws were passed.之后，更多法律條文出臺(tái)。People who wore masks could not carry firearms;and no one could enter a church wearing a mask.戴面具者不得攜帶火器，不得進(jìn)入教堂。If they broke the laws.they were put into prison for up to two years.違反面具法者將被判入獄，刑期可長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年。Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory.最后，在18世紀(jì)末，當(dāng)威尼斯成為奧地利帝國(guó)的一部分時(shí)，面具被完全禁止了，狂歡節(jié)成為記憶。But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.但在20世紀(jì)70年代后期，狂歡節(jié)這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)又被學(xué)生們恢復(fù)了。They began making masks and organizing parties, and threw bits of brightly colored paper(called coriandoli)attourists.他們開始制造面具，并組織聚會(huì)。他們向游人扔許多小塊的彩色紙片。The town council realized that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.市鎮(zhèn)議會(huì)覺得狂歡節(jié)創(chuàng)造了一定的商機(jī)，因此，狂歡節(jié)得以發(fā)展，以吸引更多的游客。

Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.如今，威尼斯狂歡節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)在二月進(jìn)行，歷時(shí)五天。People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun.來自歐洲各國(guó)的人們?cè)诖吮M情娛樂。Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.旅店一訂而空，狹窄的街道擠滿了身著各種華美服飾的人們。German, French and English seem to be the main languages.德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)似乎成了主要語(yǔ)言。But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals.但威尼斯狂歡節(jié)的本質(zhì)與美洲狂歡節(jié)有所不同。If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask.在里約熱內(nèi)盧，狂歡節(jié)主要是音樂和游行了。而在威尼斯，則是神秘的面具。As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks---elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern---but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.走在街上，你能看到成千上萬(wàn)的面具，高雅的、可怕的、憂傷的、有趣的、”傳統(tǒng)的、時(shí)尚的，但你并不知道面具后面的是哪張面孔。Nobody takes them off.If the masks come off, the magic is lost.沒人把面具摘下。如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。

5.必修五MODULE5 A Life in Sports體育人生

They called him the prince of gymnasts.人們稱他為體操王子。When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.26歲退役時(shí)，他己在世界重大比賽中獲得了106枚金牌。They included six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship, and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles(as well as two silver and a bronze)其中包括198Z年世界錦標(biāo)賽總共七枚金牌申的六枚，1984年洛杉礬奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的三枚金牌(以及兩枚銀牌和一枚銅牌)。Li Ning was the best.李寧是最優(yōu)秀的。When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Ning's name was on it, together with footballer Pele and boxer Muhammad Ali.1999年，當(dāng)體育記者們?cè)谠u(píng)選20世紀(jì)最杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員時(shí)，李寧和球王貝利、拳王阿里一起名列其中。But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.但即使是已經(jīng)贏得了自己在體操運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上所能贏得的一切，李寧還是帶著一種失敗的感覺退了役。He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.他在1988年漢城奧運(yùn)會(huì)上表現(xiàn)不佳，這使他感到很失望。

But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.但就是這種失敗感使他決心在新的生活中取得成功。A year after his retirement, Li Ning began a new career-----as a businessman.退役一年后，李寧開始了他新的事業(yè)---從商。But he didn't forget his sporting background.但是，他并沒有忘記他的運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯。He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Mike and Adidas.他決定推出一種新品牌的運(yùn)動(dòng)服，和全球大公司耐克、阿迪達(dá)斯等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。He made the unusual choice, for a Chinese person, of choosing his own name as the brand mark.對(duì)一個(gè)中國(guó)人而言，他作出了異乎尋常的選擇，那就是用自己的名字做商標(biāo)。The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Ning's name, L and N.那個(gè)鮮紅色的商標(biāo)是由“李寧”拼音的兩個(gè)首宇母L和N組成。

Li Ning's sports clothes came onto the market at just the right time.李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服進(jìn)人市場(chǎng)正當(dāng)其時(shí)。The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase----and sport had never been so popular.有錢消費(fèi)的年輕人的數(shù)量在增加，而體育運(yùn)動(dòng)也得到前所未有的普及。Li Ning's designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals----they were cheaper.李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服不僅設(shè)計(jì)吸引人，而且比起那些著名的商業(yè)對(duì)手，它擁有一個(gè)主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，那就是價(jià)格便宜。A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product.比如，一雙耐克運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的價(jià)格可能是一雙季寧牌同類產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的五倍之多。Success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly.李寧的成功有了保證，并且來勢(shì)迅速。

In just a few years, Li Ning won more than fifty per cent of the national market.短短幾年，李寧贏得了超過百分之五十的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds.現(xiàn)在每十秒鐘就有一款李寧牌產(chǎn)品售出。But the clothes are not only worn on the athletics track or the football pitch.If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.李寧牌運(yùn)動(dòng)服不僅僅出現(xiàn)在徑賽場(chǎng)或足球場(chǎng)上，如果你走進(jìn)任何一個(gè)地方的中學(xué)或大學(xué)校園，你很有可能看到身穿印有那個(gè)熟悉標(biāo)志的李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服的學(xué)生們。The company has also grown internationally公司也有了國(guó)際化發(fā)展。The Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, while Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles.西班牙和法國(guó)的體操隊(duì)員也穿李寧牌服裝。同時(shí)，公司還雇用意大利設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)新的款式。Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they will be.wearing Li Ning tracksuits.當(dāng)中國(guó)體育健兒步人2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)賽場(chǎng)時(shí)，他們將身穿李寧牌運(yùn)動(dòng)服。

But Li Ning's goal when he retired was not to make money.但是，李寧退役時(shí)的目標(biāo)并不是賺錢。His dream was to open a school for gymnasts.他的夢(mèng)想是開辦一所體操學(xué)校。He was able to do this in 1991.1991年，他如愿以償。Since then, he has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions.從那時(shí)起，他不斷地幫助年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的體育夢(mèng)想。Like Pele and Muhammad Alt before him，who have worked with the United Nations for children's rights and peace, Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport.It starts.在他之前，球王貝利和拳王阿里，他們?cè)诼?lián)合國(guó)為兒童權(quán)利及世界和平工作多年。與他們一樣，李寧發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)一個(gè)杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員退出體壇時(shí)，他/她的工作并不是結(jié)束，而是開始。And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Ning's advertising slogan says.正如李寧廣告標(biāo)語(yǔ)所言，如果你是一位杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，“一切皆有可能”。

6.必修五MODULE 6 Saving the Antelopes拯救藏羚羊

On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for---a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.1994年1月一個(gè)滴水成冰的寒冷日子，杰桑·索南達(dá)杰發(fā)現(xiàn)了他一直尋找的目標(biāo)群正在殺害瀕臨滅絕的藏羚羊的偷獵者。Jiesang knew he had to move quickly.杰桑知道，他必須迅速行動(dòng)。He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns.他大聲地喊叫著，要偷獵者放下武器。Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage---there were more of them.偷獵者雖然感到驚慌，但他們占著人多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.在接下來的槍戰(zhàn)中，杰桑被擊中身亡。When his frozen body was found hours later, he was still holding his gun.幾小時(shí)后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他凍僵的身體，手中仍然緊握著槍。He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope.他為拯救藏羚羊獻(xiàn)出了生命。

At the beginning of the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.20世紀(jì)初期，青藏高原上有數(shù)百萬(wàn)只藏羚羊。By the 1990s the number had fallen to 50,000.截止到20世紀(jì)90年代，藏羚羊的數(shù)目下降到了大約5萬(wàn)只。The reason is simple: the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world.原因很簡(jiǎn)單:藏羚羊毛是世上最昂貴的毛皮。It is soft, light, and warm----the ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes.它又軟又輕又暖和，是高海拔地區(qū)動(dòng)物賴以生存的理想皮毛。A shawl made from the wool(known as “shahtoosh”, or “king of wools” in Persian)can sell for five thousand dollars.一條藏羚羊毛織成的披肩(名為“沙圖什”，即波斯語(yǔ)中的“眾毛之王”)，能賣到5000美元。For poachers the profits can be huge.這對(duì)偷獵者來說利潤(rùn)是豐厚的。Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.那些偷獵者常常是夜里出動(dòng)，一次就捕殺掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不怎么值錢的幼羊。The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.這些被獵殺的藏羚羊被就地剝皮，羊毛被運(yùn)送到印度。在那里，藏羚羊毛被織成披肩。From there, it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe.從那出口到北美和歐洲的富裕國(guó)家。The business is completely illegal----there has been a ban on the trade since 1975.這種貿(mào)易是完全違法的，自1975年以來一直被禁止。But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people.但到了20世紀(jì)90年代，這種藏羚羊毛披肩在有錢人中間流行開來，成為時(shí)尚。A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls.在倫敦，警察在對(duì)一家商店的一次突擊搜查中竟發(fā)現(xiàn)138條披肩。About 1,000 antelopes---or 2 per cent of the world's population----had been killed to make them.這就意味著有大約I000只藏羚羊被獵殺-----約占全球總數(shù)的2%。

In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve----the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.20世紀(jì)90年代，中國(guó)政府開始積極開展可可西里自然保護(hù)區(qū)的藏羚羊保護(hù)工自然保護(hù)區(qū)是青藏高原的一個(gè)大型國(guó)家公園，是藏羚羊的主要棲息地。Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.在接下來的有3000多名偷獵者被抓獲和300輛汽車被沒收。Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.有時(shí)，還會(huì)發(fā)生槍戰(zhàn)。像杰桑·索就是在這類槍戰(zhàn)中犧牲的。

But today the government seems to be winning the battle.如今，政府似乎正在贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，偷獵者的人數(shù)下降了。The number of poachers has fallen.The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.工作在保護(hù)區(qū)的政府官員們得到了來自全國(guó)各地的、愿意忍受海拔5000米以上惡劣生活環(huán)境的志愿者們的支持。Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.International co-operation seems to be working.同時(shí)，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的國(guó)家，警方開始嚴(yán)厲打擊藏羚羊毛披肩的販賣者。Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.國(guó)際合作也見成效，自1997年以來，藏羚羊的數(shù)目已開始慢慢回升。

第五篇：外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修4課文翻譯

Module 1未來的城市

未來的城市將會(huì)是什么樣子呢？沒有人確切地了解，預(yù)測(cè)也是一件很冒險(xiǎn)的事。但有一件事是可以肯定的——它們將會(huì)先變大，然后再變小。在未來，愛護(hù)環(huán)境將會(huì)很重要，因?yàn)榈厍虻馁Y源將瀕臨枯竭。我們將會(huì)使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、銀、鋼鐵、玻璃、木頭和紙。我們浪費(fèi)自然資源的程度將會(huì)有所減弱。我們也將不得不更多地依賴其他能源。例如，太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能。所有的這些似乎是肯定的，但是還有許多關(guān)于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。為了獲知年輕人對(duì)未來城市生活的想法，美國(guó)得克薩斯州的一位大學(xué)老師讓他的學(xué)生們思考如何管理一個(gè)在2025年擁有5萬(wàn)人口的城市，下面是他們的一些構(gòu)想：

垃圾船：為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會(huì)用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料，朝太陽(yáng)發(fā)射，這樣做防止了垃圾填埋和環(huán)境問題。

勤務(wù)兵網(wǎng)：警察逮捕罪犯時(shí)，將會(huì)向罪犯射出網(wǎng)狀物而不是用槍。戒煙：在未來城市范圍內(nèi)將禁止吸煙。只有在郊區(qū)和戶外才允許吸煙。

告別商廈：將來所有的購(gòu)物將會(huì)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行，商品目錄將會(huì)有語(yǔ)音指令來排序。

電話人生：每個(gè)人一出生就會(huì)給予一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼，將來無(wú)論他們居住在哪兒，這個(gè)電話號(hào)碼都不會(huì)更改。

娛樂：所有的娛樂形式，例如，電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會(huì)和其他等等都將由該市政府免費(fèi)提供。

汽車：所有的汽車都將由電能、太陽(yáng)能或風(fēng)能提供動(dòng)力，并且只要輕輕按一下開關(guān)就能夠改變汽車的顏色。

遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)：隨著每個(gè)城市擁有自己的遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)門診部，醫(yī)生將能在數(shù)千里以外實(shí)施手術(shù)，遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)將會(huì)變得十分普通。

居家度假：年長(zhǎng)的市民和殘疾人通過使用綁在頭上的髙新技術(shù)相機(jī)可以周游世界。太空遨游：普通市民遨游太空將會(huì)變得很平常，每個(gè)城市都將有自己的太空港。

Module 2 行在北京 出租車

北京大街上的出租車是24小時(shí)服務(wù)的。只要你招招手，立刻就會(huì)有出租車。它們通常都是紅色車身，并且在車窗上顯示每公里的路價(jià)。你要做的，就是確認(rèn)司機(jī)有營(yíng)運(yùn)照，并且索要發(fā)票。

公交車和電車

公共交通為人們游覽北京提供了低價(jià)位的出行方式。北京大約有兩萬(wàn)多輛公交車和電車，但是，它們有時(shí)會(huì)很擁擠。最明智的做法是避免在高峰期（上午6:30-8:00，下午5:00-6:30)乘坐公交車和電車。這些車車票價(jià)格便宜，一元起價(jià)。空調(diào)車則要貴一些。公交線1到100路都是僅限于市中心內(nèi)的，車號(hào)更高一些的線路，可以通達(dá)郊區(qū)。對(duì)于游人來說，最不該錯(cuò)過的是103路電車，它途經(jīng)紫禁城和北海白塔，沿途風(fēng)景令人印象深刻。如果你乘坐雙層公共汽車，請(qǐng)務(wù)必坐在上層，這樣你會(huì)一覽這個(gè)飛速發(fā)展城市的亮麗風(fēng)景。小公共汽車

在一些地區(qū)，這種12個(gè)座位的小型公共汽車給人們?cè)诎嘿F的出租車和擁擠的公共汽車外，提供了第三種選擇。它們跟大公共汽車走同樣的路線，提供有規(guī)律的服務(wù)。在小公共汽車上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。地鐵

北京有四條地鐵線，還有幾條線也正在建設(shè)之中。地鐵方便快捷，但在高峰期，情況會(huì)很糟糕。地鐵票價(jià)單程為三元，站名用拼音標(biāo)注，運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間為上午5點(diǎn)到晚上11點(diǎn)。三輪腳踏車 游客們喜歡這些人力驅(qū)動(dòng)的“三輪腳踏車”，但價(jià)格可能會(huì)較貴。因此坐之前要先弄清楚價(jià)格，明確價(jià)錢是否按人數(shù)計(jì)算、是單程還是往返雙程的問題。如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三輪腳踏車絕對(duì)是值得一坐的。

Module 3 身勢(shì)語(yǔ) 說起“交流”，大多數(shù)人會(huì)想到單詞或句子，雖然單詞與句子十分重要，但我們并不只是用口語(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流，身體的姿態(tài)是我們所稱的“身勢(shì)語(yǔ)”的一部分。我們經(jīng)?？吹綗o(wú)意識(shí)的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)，但也有“習(xí)得”的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。習(xí)得的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在不同的文化中各不相同。

當(dāng)我們被介紹給生人時(shí)，我們使用“習(xí)得的”身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。跟動(dòng)物一樣，我們會(huì)保持警覺，直至知道安全的時(shí)候才放松。因此，在所有的文化中人們都有一種向陌生人打招呼的正規(guī)的方式，以表示他們并不具有侵犯傾向。歐美人的傳統(tǒng)是握手，他們用右手握手——右手對(duì)多數(shù)人來說更有力一些。假如右手用于忙著與人打招呼就不可能握武器。因此，這種手勢(shì)的意思是“我信任你，瞧，我沒帶威脅性的武器”，假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他們。我們?cè)谧鼋灰讜r(shí)與人握手，意思就是“我們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，相互信任”。

亞洲人打招呼是不接觸他人身體的，但他們要用手。與人打招呼時(shí)，中國(guó)人的傳統(tǒng)方式是右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行禮。穆斯林行額手鞠躬禮，用手觸左胸、嘴和額。印度人雙手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。即使是現(xiàn)在，人們?cè)诜钦綀?chǎng)合打招呼時(shí)，還會(huì)用手來表示信任對(duì)方。美國(guó)青年常常說著“擊掌”來打招呼。說完后這個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五指展開。另一個(gè)人同樣舉起手，拍打?qū)Ψ脚e過頭頂?shù)氖?。這是現(xiàn)代常見的打招呼方式。身勢(shì)語(yǔ)對(duì)于任何研究者來說都具有吸引力。人們通過姿勢(shì)表達(dá)的意思要比通過話語(yǔ)表達(dá)得更多?？纯茨愕呐笥押图胰耍隳芏聪に麄兊男乃紗?？

Module 4問問題的學(xué)生

在當(dāng)前的世界，水稻是主要食糧。中國(guó)是世界上最大的水稻產(chǎn)地。亞洲其他國(guó)家和一些歐洲國(guó)家比如意大利等，都種植水稻。在水稻種植界，中國(guó)科學(xué)家袁隆平是一位重要人士。袁隆平生長(zhǎng)在中國(guó)。小時(shí)候，他在許多學(xué)校讀過書，得了個(gè)“問問題的學(xué)生”的綽號(hào)。袁隆平從小就對(duì)植物感興趣。他在大學(xué)里研究農(nóng)學(xué)。作為一個(gè)年輕的教師，他開始了作物育種的實(shí)驗(yàn)。他想，養(yǎng)活世人的關(guān)鍵是更多更快地生產(chǎn)水稻。他認(rèn)為，唯一的辦法是使不同種類的水稻雜交，這樣就能產(chǎn)生比原先任何一種水稻產(chǎn)量都要高的新品種。

首先，袁隆平對(duì)不同種類的水稻進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。1966年，他的研究成果在中國(guó)發(fā)表。接著，他開始尋找一種特殊的稻種。這種稻種必須是雄性的，必須是不結(jié)果的（譯者注：它屬于生物學(xué)所稱的“雄性不育系”）。最后，在1970年，一種天然的雄性不育稻種被發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)。全國(guó)各地的研究者們被召集在一起開發(fā)新的水稻種。研究得到了政府的贊助。由于袁隆平的發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)的水稻產(chǎn)量在20世紀(jì)90年代增長(zhǎng)了47.5%。還有其他的益處，5萬(wàn)平方公里原來的稻田現(xiàn)在被用來種植蔬菜和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻還出口到巴基斯坦和菲律賓等國(guó)家。在巴基斯坦，水稻是繼小麥之后的第二種最重要的作物并將在許多地方種植。中國(guó)袁隆平高科技農(nóng)業(yè)公司已開發(fā)出一種新的雜交水稻。這種雜交水稻的產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)高于巴基斯坦其他種類的水稻。

Module 5 三峽之旅

1996年8月，一位年輕的美國(guó)英語(yǔ)教師彼得?赫斯勒，來到長(zhǎng)江之濱的涪陵。他和另一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院任教兩年。整個(gè)城里只有他們兩名外國(guó)人。元月底，第一學(xué)期結(jié)束了，他們有四周的春節(jié)假期，可以隨處旅游。他們決定順流而下。我們打算買到“江油號(hào)”的船票。同事們說：“你們不要坐那種船。它們太擁擠，主要是用來運(yùn)貨的。乘客多是沿江做生意的人。那些船不?？繌R宇，也不會(huì)有別的外國(guó)游人乘坐?！蔽矣X得聽起來還不錯(cuò)。我們出示護(hù)照后便上了船。

在一個(gè)美麗的午后，我們離開碼頭。當(dāng)我們順流而下穿過山區(qū)的時(shí)候，陽(yáng)光很燦爛。男人們乘坐著江邊的竹筏，運(yùn)煤的小船來來往往。太陽(yáng)落山時(shí)，我們的船在豐都靠岸。我們目睹太陽(yáng)在白塔后西沉，美麗極了。

穿過長(zhǎng)江第一峽——瞿塘峽時(shí)，我們正在睡夢(mèng)中。江水在兩英里高的峰戀間奔流，峽谷狹窄處只有350英尺。我朋友說：“至少我們能看見另外兩個(gè)峽谷。” 船到巫山時(shí)，我們繞道溯游大寧河，觀賞了幾處小峽谷。第二天，我們經(jīng)過了長(zhǎng)江的大峽谷。在一個(gè)美麗的上午輪船駛過巫峽。我們還經(jīng)過了湘江，那是公元前三世紀(jì)一位詩(shī)人——屈原的家鄉(xiāng)。長(zhǎng)江有太多的歷史。塊塊巨石形象各異，條條支流都流淌著傳說，座座小山承載著過往。穿過長(zhǎng)江第三峽——西陵峽后，輪船駛?cè)氪髩谓ㄔO(shè)處的江面。所有的乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，對(duì)著工地指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，但不可以下船。五星紅旗在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。遠(yuǎn)山上寫著20英尺大的漢字“建造三峽大壩，開發(fā)長(zhǎng)江資源”。

Module 6 天池里的怪物

在最近幾次露面后，中國(guó)東北吉林省長(zhǎng)白山的“天池怪物”又成了新聞。據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜无k公室主任孟凡迎介紹，最近有人看見怪物就在離湖邊十米的地方，怪物的顏色似乎是黑色的。他說：“大約有兩百多人從長(zhǎng)白山的西峰看見過怪物，它像海豹一樣躍出水面?！北M管誰(shuí)也沒有看清楚這神秘怪物的真面目，但當(dāng)?shù)匾晃粩z影師薛俊林聲稱：怪物的頭看起來像馬頭。最近另有一次，一群戰(zhàn)士證實(shí)：他們看見湖的水面上有東西在游動(dòng)。正在湖邊行走的戰(zhàn)士看見怪物游弋了大約兩分鐘。其中一名戰(zhàn)士說；“怪物的顏色淺綠帶黑，圓形的頭上有十厘米左右的角?！?/p>

又一次報(bào)導(dǎo)來自李小和，當(dāng)時(shí)他和家人正在湖邊游玩。他說他看見圓形黑色的東西在湖面快速游過三四百米后潛入水中。十分鐘后，怪物再次出現(xiàn)，并重復(fù)了相同的動(dòng)作。李小和先生說他和家人看清楚了怪物，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)天氣好，湖水平靜。

自上世紀(jì)初以來，一直就有關(guān)于天池怪物的報(bào)導(dǎo)，盡管還不曾有人近距離目睹過。雖然拍有怪物的一些照片，但由于距離太遠(yuǎn)，看起來模糊不清。許多人認(rèn)為，天池里的怪物或許是蘇格蘭尼斯湖中怪物的遠(yuǎn)親。他們還認(rèn)為，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有類似的怪物。然而，科學(xué)家們表示懷疑。他們說，溫度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。

天池是世界上最高的火山湖，海拔2，189米，面積有10平方公里，有的地方水深達(dá)370米。