第一篇：2014年職稱英語完形填空理工B

Composergermson

Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

(遠(yuǎn)程制止偷車賊)

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in a nasty surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already makingharder for car thieves.―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖ says Martyn Rand all of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in partthe motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum

of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.In the UK, technologies like thisachieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars.Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary.In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system woulda major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than theexpects.An Intelligent Car(智能汽車)

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

There is a virtual driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has ―eyes‖, ―brains‖, ―hands‖ and ―feet‖, too.The minicameraseach side of the car are his ―eyes‖, which observe the road conditions ahead of it.They

watch theto the car’s left and right.There is also a highlydriving system in the car.It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s ―brain‖.His ―brain‖ calculates the speeds ofmoving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information, it chooses the rightfor the intelligent car, and givesto the ―hands‖ and ―feet‖ to act accordingly.In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts.The minicameras areimages continuously to the ―brain.‖ Itthe processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.However, the world’s best driverneeds one second to react.Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways.In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is still He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.Wonder Webs(奇妙的網(wǎng))

Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of

super-resilient called dragline.When the female spider is ready to the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its originaland snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does notbecause the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete

dragline silk proteins in their.―The young goats pass on the silk-making gene withouthelp from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers the real thing snags bugs.Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Lneliness（心靈雞湯：爽心食品排解孤獨(dú)感）Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries，according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and ．The study focuses on ―comfort food‖ and how it makes people feel．

“For me,food has always played a big role in my family,‖ says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has non-human

things

that

may

affect

human

them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in eachwrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．had participantsof loneliness．

Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generallyin their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．”We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．“says Troisi．”Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．“Inessays on comfort food, many people wrote about theexperienceof eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with ourwith others,” Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．

emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effectmaking people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to makeparticipants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to

第二篇：江蘇省職稱英語理工-完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

第三篇：2014年職稱英語理工A押題整理

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr.Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding

B.what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢 during Kyoto University's experiment?

D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?

D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Batteries Built by Viruses 1.According to the first paragraph, people try to

C.Stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present?

C.It is making batteries with viruses

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word ―shrink‖ appearing in paragraph 5?

D.Expand 4.Which of the following is true of Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5.How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”

1.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

C.Because their activity affects the environment.2.As predators, ants

A.prey on small as well as large animals.3.Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

D.produce such a big impact on the environment 4.What does paragraph 6 tell us?

B.Ants bring about a positiveinfluence to an area when their population is small 5.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

C.How do human activities affect ants’ influence on a given ecosystem?

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

D.Female teachers’ confidence信心 in their math skills is related to girl’s math skills.2.What is implied暗示 in the third paragraph?

B.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

C.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt 4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A.prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math achievements 5.David Geary thinks that

B.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Cell Phones Increase Traffic Pedestrian Fatalities 1.The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D.Loeb

D.both A and C.2.According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

B.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass 3.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B.The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use 4.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A.It had a life-taking effect because there weren’t enough cell phones in use then.5.Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question ― What caused the ―life-saving effect‖ to occur in the early 1990s?‖

B.The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million

U．S．Scientists Confirm Water on Mars 1.What was discovered by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?

C.Water in a soil sample.2.Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?

C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop 3.Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars 4.Where are the scientists involved in the research from?

C.They are from both America and Canada.5.Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?

A.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?

B.School boards oppose反對 AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?

D.Darwin's theory is denied拒絕，否定 as the central theory of biology.3.AIBS's is composed of.A.more than 80 societies and 250,000 members

4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution_______.A.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and geonomics 5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

D.Because the term creationism is too direct.Renewable Energy Sources 1.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?

D.A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges Dam

C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.3.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

B.Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?

D.All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as wind

B.are renewable so sustainable.Too Little for Global Warming

1.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?

D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.2.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to

B.cut CO2 emissions.3.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?

D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?

D.He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that ―… such a switch would be disastrous..."

B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Clone Farm 1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced大量生產(chǎn) with the same growth rate, weight and taste 2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A.The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology

3.In the third paragraph, by saying― Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,‖ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

D.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines

5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that

A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

【完型填空】

Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk Fast food outlets could1 provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood.A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk

In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is.enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.―

N’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense7 to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per customer —— not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ― Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil ―liquefaction‖2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.We’ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,‖ said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5.―Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,‖ Ashford said.―The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and Infrastructure these communities need to function.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.‖

Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.― With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,‖ he said.―And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.‖

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events,‖ Ashford said.―Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.‖ Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction – on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The ―young‖ sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse – even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters

It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1.They are thought to attack people frequently.But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth’s waters and for human beings.Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity.Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters.Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim.In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans.They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion.That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the times when sharks are looking for food.Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4.It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals.These powerful senses help sharks find their food.Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune systems against disease.Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries.They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.They eat injured and diseased fish.Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great.This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.

第四篇：2007英語完形填空

2007I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car ___31___（break）down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___32___ should have the honor of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.Finally，I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me ___34___（settle）into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometres away___36___there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess?s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.___37___ villagers brought me goat?s cheese and hone.We drank together and talked ___38___（merry）till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village，I wanted to reward the old woman ___39___the trouble I had caused ___40___.2008Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people?s daily life.___31___ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop ___32___（help）it grow”，is based on the following story.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty（960—1279）was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about ___34___ day and night.But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day，he came up with an idea ___35___ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.He was very tired ___36___ doing this for a whole day，___37___ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ___38___（high）。

His son heard about this and went to see the crop.Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ___39___（nature）course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often ___40___（result）in the contrary to our intention.2009 Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult ___31___ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wished that he was as easy ___32___(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not ___33___ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or ___34___(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Jane paused in front of a counter ___35___ some attractive ties were on display.“They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her.“Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes ___37___ sale.She did not hesitate for long: although her father smokeda pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ___38___.When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ___39___ table having supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ___40___(inform).2010Ａyoung man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.______31____water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to elder _______32____ had been his teacher.After a four-day journey, the young man_____33___.(present)the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled____34_____(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home____35______a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let __36___student taste the water.He spit it out, __37___(say)it was awful.Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like ___38____?”

The teacher replied,” You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be ___39___(sweet).”

We understand this lesson best ____40___ we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.

第五篇：2014職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛(wèi)生類A級5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項(xiàng)答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．a(chǎn)lthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “l(fā)ifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個國家到另一個國家的趨勢越來越大。一些剛剛獨(dú)立的國家把大部分工作留給當(dāng)?shù)厝?，這一點(diǎn)是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國家能夠召集外面的人來改進(jìn)本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來自美國和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國和日本的許多國家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費(fèi)用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們在自己國家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時一個劣勢就有一個補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?yōu)勢。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因?yàn)楣と藗優(yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因?yàn)槟抢锶鄙賷蕵吩O(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

影響中東的移民工人的一個主要問題是他們的工作是暫時性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計(jì)劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因?yàn)闆]有一個國家歡迎大量的外國工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個不足，因?yàn)樗麄兊玫降氖强捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。夢之閑話

人人都會做夢，也確實(shí)每個人睡覺都做夢。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢的人其實(shí)都有做夢，而且做夢的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識到自己夜復(fù)一夜都在做夢的人也很少能夠把那些細(xì)節(jié)都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的印象與場景組成的一團(tuán)混沌。夢境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢的時候會牽動我們的各種器官，所以我們在夢里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢幻書語》是目前世界上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早關(guān)于夢的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在那個年代，人們就已經(jīng)相信夢特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅(jiān)信不能驚醒睡夢中的人，因?yàn)樵谒瘔糁?，人的靈魂都會離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關(guān)于解夢的書，遺憾的是，對于同一個夢，有多少本書就會有多少種解釋。

13科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟

停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。

僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實(shí)在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實(shí)施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實(shí)用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計(jì)劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮?！币粋€基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

14運(yùn)動的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康校醫(yī)院的科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報上。這項(xiàng)研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報到時接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的智能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)?！吧眢w健康是指，一個人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要?！?/p>

通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”哥德堡大學(xué)健康學(xué)研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫(yī)師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中一門重要的學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論科學(xué)，體育課是非常有必要的。”

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報到時的體格檢查和智商測試的結(jié)果與后來他們來生活中的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀(jì)初，美英兩國男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時，我們需要注意當(dāng)時的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經(jīng)常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環(huán)境及個人衛(wèi)生的改善、抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)及使用（抗生素大大降低了細(xì)菌病的危險）以及常見疾病預(yù)防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對營養(yǎng)的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識，這些總的環(huán)境的改善也促進(jìn)了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實(shí)比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個歲數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風(fēng)那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當(dāng)然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔(dān)憂的問題在發(fā)達(dá)國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產(chǎn)生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們?nèi)绻堰@些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。