第一篇：2018考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：New banks[定稿]

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2018考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：

New banks

New banks

新興銀行

Ripe for disruption

擾亂時(shí)機(jī)正當(dāng)時(shí)

A rush of new entrants hope to shake up banking

新興銀行這股狂流欲重組銀行業(yè)

“I PROMISE to open a bank account for a British citizen in just two minutes”, says Nazzim Ishaque brightly.With a background in IT, banking and asset management, he is submitting plans to the regulators to start a new bank called Lintel;the two-minute pledge is one of his selling points.Mr Ishaque reckons that he can do better than the existing banks, and is putting plenty of his own money where his mouth is, as part of the ￡5m($7.5m)start-up cost.He hopes to start doing business early next year.Nazzim Ishaque明確表示：“我承諾可以兩分鐘內(nèi)為英國人民開通銀行賬戶?！彼麖氖逻^互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、銀行和資產(chǎn)管理行業(yè)，現(xiàn)向多家監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)提交新建銀行Lintel的計(jì)劃方案，賣點(diǎn)之一就是兩分鐘開戶的承諾。Ishaque認(rèn)為他可以比現(xiàn)有銀行做得更好，而且為了更具說服力，拿出自己的大量資金投放到總數(shù)500萬歐元(750萬美元)的啟動(dòng)資金中。他希望明年年初開始營業(yè)。

Since April 2013 three new British banks have appeared and three outfits have taken over old licences.Martin Stewart, who doles out banking licences at the Prudential Regulation Authority(PRA), part of the Bank of England, says people are now applying to open banks in “unprecedented numbers”.Four applicants are likely to start operating this year, he says, with a further four or so probably coming to market next year.At least as far as the consumer is concerned, banking could be on the verge of quite a shake-up.2013年4月份以來，英國有三家銀行成立，三家銀行機(jī)構(gòu)收購老牌銀行。馬克·斯圖爾特在英格蘭銀行分支機(jī)構(gòu)審慎監(jiān)管局負(fù)責(zé)頒發(fā)銀行營業(yè)執(zhí)照，他表示“從未見過”這么多人申請開設(shè)銀行，說道：有望在今年開始運(yùn)營的銀行有四家，明年能營業(yè)的大約有另外四家。至少對于消費(fèi)者而言，銀行業(yè)可能面臨大幅度重組的境地。

Since March 2013 the process to apply for a license has been streamlined.The PRA claims that a new bank can be up and running just six months after final authorisation.The capital requirements for the start-ups are lower than they used to be.And many of the new entrants are acting like classic entrepreneurs.They work out how the existing banks are failing customers, then look for niches, whether in products, customers or technology.All are encouraged by the growing willingness of consumers to switch from one bank to another(see chart), stimulated in part by regulations designed to make this easier.凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

自2013年3月份起，申請營業(yè)執(zhí)照的過程實(shí)現(xiàn)精簡化。審慎監(jiān)管局聲稱：新建銀行僅需經(jīng)過最終授權(quán)后六個(gè)月內(nèi)就可以掛牌營業(yè)了。他們對啟動(dòng)資本的要求比以往降低。很多新建銀行的行事方式像是典型的企業(yè)家。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有銀行在哪些方面不合客戶心意，然后探尋諸如產(chǎn)品、客戶或技術(shù)方面的商機(jī)?？蛻魝兛缧袩崆槿找娓邼q(見圖表)促使新建銀行將跨行手續(xù)的操作變得更為簡便。

Mr Ishaque's niche will be immigrants, both students on short-stay visas and longer-term economic migrants.They are treated “extremely badly” by existing banks, he claims.He will offer a full range of products, in many languages, digitally and also at a few branches, to be located at the most convenient places for his target customers—such as the railway stations in London that serve Heathrow and Gatwick airports.Ishaque將商機(jī)鎖定在外來移民身上，包括持短期簽證的學(xué)生和長期的經(jīng)濟(jì)移民。他表示現(xiàn)有銀行對這些人的態(tài)度“極其惡劣”。他會(huì)在一些分支機(jī)構(gòu)提供各種各樣的多語言電子產(chǎn)品，這些機(jī)構(gòu)將落戶于有目標(biāo)客戶的最便利地點(diǎn)，如位于倫敦希思羅和蓋特威克兩家機(jī)場服務(wù)范圍的火車站。

Atom Bank's niche, by contrast, is technological.It will be the first British bank to be digital-only, with all transactions done through smartphones and tablets, via an app.This ought to lower the bank's overheads.Set up by Mark Mullen, a former head of branchless bank First Direct, and Anthony Thomson, co-founder of another of the new wave of “challenger” banks, Metro, Atom Bank should start operating in the second half of this year.(Metro Bank itself, which started in 2010, is following a quite different road: it is opening new branches almost as quickly as traditional banks like Lloyds, RBS, Barclays and HSBC are closing them.)

與此相比，原子銀行將商機(jī)放在技術(shù)方面。它將是英國首家在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行，所以交易都通過智能手機(jī)和平板電腦上的一款應(yīng)用軟件完成。這會(huì)降低銀行的店?duì)I費(fèi)用。該家銀行由無分支機(jī)構(gòu)的

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

The organisers hope to raise as much as ￡6m forcharity.組織者希望能募集到高達(dá)600萬英鎊的善款。

2.apply for 申請

Investors can apply for a package of shares at a set price.投資者可以申購固定價(jià)格的股票組合。

She graduated with high enough marks to apply for university.她的畢業(yè)成績足以申請上大學(xué)。

3.agree with 同意;贊同

The dampness of the forest did not agree with him physically.他的身體不能適應(yīng)森林的潮濕。

You look great, Brian.The Bahamas certainly agree with you.你看上去氣色好極了，布賴恩。巴哈馬顯然很適合你。

凱程教育：

凱程考研成立于2005年，國內(nèi)首家全日制集訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)考研，一直從事高端全日制輔導(dǎo)，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級考研教研隊(duì)伍組成，為學(xué)員全程高質(zhì)量授課、答疑、測試、督導(dǎo)、報(bào)考指導(dǎo)、方法指導(dǎo)、聯(lián)系導(dǎo)師、復(fù)試等全方位的考研服務(wù)。凱程考研的宗旨：讓學(xué)習(xí)成為一種習(xí)慣；

凱程考研的價(jià)值觀口號(hào)：凱旋歸來，前程萬里； 信念：讓每個(gè)學(xué)員都有好最好的歸宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業(yè)的考研輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)； 激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；

敬業(yè)：以專業(yè)的態(tài)度做非凡的事業(yè)；

服務(wù)：以學(xué)員的前途為已任，為學(xué)員提供高效、專業(yè)的服務(wù)，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)員引路。

如何選擇考研輔導(dǎo)班：

在考研準(zhǔn)備的過程中，會(huì)遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業(yè)考生的專業(yè)課來說，通過報(bào)輔導(dǎo)班來彌補(bǔ)自己復(fù)習(xí)的不足，可以大大提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，節(jié)省復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，大家可以通過以下幾個(gè)方面來考察輔導(dǎo)班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導(dǎo)班。

師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導(dǎo)班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導(dǎo)名師的輔導(dǎo)年限、輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、歷年輔導(dǎo)效果、學(xué)員評價(jià)等因素進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)，詢問往屆學(xué)長然后選擇。判斷師資力量關(guān)鍵在于綜合實(shí)力，因?yàn)槿魏我婚T課程，都不是由

一、兩個(gè)教師包到底的，是一批教師配合的結(jié)果。還要深入了解教師的學(xué)術(shù)背景、資料著述成就、輔導(dǎo)成就等。凱程考研名師云集，李海洋、張鑫教授、方浩教授、盧營教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機(jī)構(gòu)只是很普通的老師授課，對知識(shí)點(diǎn)把握和命題方向，欠缺火候。

對該專業(yè)有輔導(dǎo)歷史：必須對該專業(yè)深刻理解，才能深入輔導(dǎo)學(xué)員考取該校。在考研輔導(dǎo)班中，從來見過如此輝煌的成績：凱程教育拿下2015五道口金融學(xué)院狀元，考取五道口15

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

人，清華經(jīng)管金融碩士10人，人大金融碩士15個(gè)，中財(cái)和貿(mào)大金融碩士合計(jì)20人，北師大教育學(xué)7人，會(huì)計(jì)碩士保錄班考取30人，翻譯碩士接近20人，中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來自凱程，法學(xué)方面，凱程在人大、北大、貿(mào)大、政法、武漢大學(xué)、公安大學(xué)等院校斬獲多個(gè)法學(xué)和法碩狀元，更多專業(yè)成績請查看凱程網(wǎng)站。在凱程官方網(wǎng)站的光榮榜，成功學(xué)員經(jīng)驗(yàn)談視頻特別多，都是凱程戰(zhàn)績的最好證明。對于如此高的成績，凱程集訓(xùn)營班主任邢老師說，凱程如此優(yōu)異的成績，是與我們凱程嚴(yán)格的管理，全方位的輔導(dǎo)是分不開的，很多學(xué)生本科都不是名校，某些學(xué)生來自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，還有很多是工作了多年才回來考的，大多數(shù)是跨專業(yè)考研，他們的難度大，競爭激烈，沒有嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練和同學(xué)們的刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，是很難達(dá)到優(yōu)異的成績。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細(xì)溝通一下就清楚了。

建校歷史：機(jī)構(gòu)成立的歷史也是一個(gè)參考因素，歷史越久，積累的人脈資源更多。例如，凱程教育已經(jīng)成立10年（2005年），一直以來專注于考研，成功率一直遙遙領(lǐng)先，同學(xué)們有興趣可以聯(lián)系一下他們在線老師或者電話。

有沒有實(shí)體學(xué)校校區(qū)：有些機(jī)構(gòu)比較小，就是一個(gè)在寫字樓里上課，自習(xí)，這種環(huán)境是不太好的，一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的機(jī)構(gòu)必須是在教學(xué)環(huán)境，大學(xué)校園這樣環(huán)境。凱程有自己的學(xué)習(xí)校區(qū)，有吃住學(xué)一體化教學(xué)環(huán)境，獨(dú)立衛(wèi)浴、空調(diào)、暖氣齊全，這也是一個(gè)考研機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)。此外，最好還要看一下他們的營業(yè)執(zhí)照。

第二篇：2017考研備考英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)專題

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2017考研備考英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文

章：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)

World economy

世界經(jīng)濟(jì)

Past and future tense

過去和未來時(shí)

The world economy in 2017 will carry troublingechoes of the late 1990s

世界經(jīng)濟(jì)在2017年將出現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)90年代晚期令人煩惱的相似困境

A FINANCIAL crash in Russia;falling oil prices and a strong dollar;a new gold rush in SiliconValley and a resurgent American economy;weakness in Germany and Japan;tumblingcurrencies in emerging markets from Brazil to Indonesia;an embattled Democrat in the WhiteHouse.Is that a forecast of the world in 2017 or a portrait of the late 1990s?

俄羅斯發(fā)生了金融危機(jī);油價(jià)和強(qiáng)勢美元下跌;硅谷出現(xiàn)了新的淘金熱，并且美國實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇;德國和日本則經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟;從巴西到印度尼西亞的新興市場貨幣呈動(dòng)蕩;民主黨在白宮四面楚歌。那是對2017年世界的預(yù)測或上世紀(jì)90年代末的景象描繪?

Recent economic history has been so dominated by the credit crunch of 2008-09 that it is easyto forget what happened in the decades before.But looking back 15 years or so is instructive—in terms of both what to do and what to avoid.近期的經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)由2008-09年的信貸緊縮所主導(dǎo)，很容易忘記在十年前所發(fā)生的事情。但回過頭來看15年前的經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有所啟發(fā)—反觀兩者可以知道該做之事以及應(yīng)避免什么問題。

Then, as now, the United States was in the vanguard of a disruptive digital revolution.Theadvent of the internet spawned a burst of innovation and euphoria about America'sprospects.By 1999 GDP was rising by more than 4% a year, almost twice the rich-countryaverage.Unemployment fell to 4%, a 30-year low.Foreign investors piled in, boosting both thedollar and share prices.The S&P 500 index rose to almost 30 times earnings;tech stockswent wild.當(dāng)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在一樣，美國當(dāng)年是顛覆性的數(shù)字革命的先鋒?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)催生了一陣對美國的前景創(chuàng)新和興高采烈的樂觀情緒。到1999年為止，美國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值每年增長率超過4%，幾乎兩倍于富裕國家的平均水平。美國失業(yè)率下降至4%，為30年最低點(diǎn)。外國投資者主要集中于提升美元和股票價(jià)格。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)升至市盈率的近30倍;科技股瘋狂飆升。

The optimism in America stood in stark contrast to gloom elsewhere, as it does today.Japan's economy had slipped into deflation in 1997.Germany was “the sick man of Europe”, itsfirms held back by rigid labour markets and other high costs.Emerging markets, having soaredahead, were in crisis: between 1997 and 1999 countries from Thailand to Brazil saw theircurrencies crash as foreign capital fled and dollar-denominated debts proved unpayable.凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

正如現(xiàn)今一樣，在美國的樂觀情緒和其他地方的悲觀狀態(tài)形成鮮明對比。日本經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)在1997年陷入通貨緊縮。德國是那時(shí)的“歐洲病夫”，德國公司由勞動(dòng)力市場僵化以及其他高成本阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)。已經(jīng)提前高速發(fā)展的新興市場也陷入危機(jī)：1997年至1999年之間，從泰國到巴西等國家貨幣出現(xiàn)崩潰，并伴隨著外資外泄，而且以美元計(jì)價(jià)的債務(wù)被證明是無法償還的。

Eventually, America ran into trouble too.The tech-stock bubble burst in early 2000,prompting a broader share price slump.Business investment, particularly in technology, sank;and as share prices fell, consumers cut back.By early 2001 America, along with most of therich world, had slipped into recession, albeit a mild one.最終，美國也遇到了麻煩。早在2000年科技股泡沫破滅，促使更廣泛的股價(jià)暴跌。商業(yè)投資，尤其是在技術(shù)方面的投資也在下降;而且隨著股票價(jià)格下跌，消費(fèi)者也在減少。到2001年初，美國與大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，已經(jīng)陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，盡管是溫和的下降。

America the powerful

壯哉美國

Inevitably the parallels are not perfect.The biggest difference is China, a bit-part player in 1999and now the world's second-biggest economy, contributing disproportionately to globalgrowth.But there are three trends at work that destabilised the world economy then and coulddo the same now.不可避免的相似之處并不全然完美。最大的區(qū)別就是中國，一個(gè)在1999年經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演跑龍?zhí)椎呐浣堑闹袊?，目前已?jīng)是世界上

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

deepermalaise caused by years of underinvestment, a disastrous energy policy and a governmentthat is too obsessed by its fiscal targets to spend money and too frightened of its voters topush through the sort of structural reforms that Gerhard Schr?der implemented in 2003.Meanwhile Japan has repeated the error it made in 1997—thwarting its escape from stagnationwith a premature rise in consumption tax.上世紀(jì)90年代末的

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

Reserve'spolicy rate was around 5%, leaving plenty of scope for cutting when the economy slowed.Nowadays interest rates all over the rich world are close to zero.但是，如果世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不摔跟頭，恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定將在這一次變得更為困難，因?yàn)檎咧贫ㄕ哂心敲匆稽c(diǎn)回旋的余地。早在1999年，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的政策利率是5%左右，經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩時(shí)留出足夠的余地去削減利率?，F(xiàn)在的利率都在富裕國家接近于零。

The political scene is also different, and not in a good way.At the end of the 1990s mostpeople in the rich world had enjoyed the fruits of the boom: median American wages rose by7.7% in real terms in 1995-2000.Since 2007, by contrast, they have been flat in America, andhave fallen in Britain and much of the euro zone.All over the rich world voters are alreadygrumpy with their governments, as polling numbers and their willingness to vote for protestparties show.If they are squeezed next year discontent will turn to anger.The economics of2017 may look similar to the late 1990s, but the politics will probably be rather worse.政壇出現(xiàn)了不利的變化。在20世紀(jì)90年代，大多數(shù)人在富裕世界的盡頭盡享繁榮的成果：美國中產(chǎn)階級工資在1995-2000年實(shí)際上漲了7.7%。自2007年以來，相比之下，美國工資增長持平，英國和大部分歐元區(qū)工資甚至出現(xiàn)下降。各地富國選民已經(jīng)對他們的政府持不滿態(tài)度，正如民意測驗(yàn)記錄以及他們愿意把票投給抗議黨即可看出。如果他們被打壓，明年的不滿會(huì)變成憤怒。2017年的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能類似于20世紀(jì)90年代末，但政治形勢可能會(huì)相當(dāng)糟糕。

1.slip into 滑進(jìn);塞進(jìn)

It amazed him how easily one could slip into aroutine.他驚異地發(fā)現(xiàn)人很容易在不知不覺中因循守舊起來。

Armed with such a precept, a number of doctorsmay slip into deceptive practices.有了這樣一條指導(dǎo)原則, 一些醫(yī)生可能漸漸習(xí)慣于采取騙人的做法。

2.contribute to 有助于;促成

Heat, cold, tactile and other sensations contribute to flavour.熱、冷、觸覺和其他感覺構(gòu)成了食物風(fēng)味的一部分。

Key burbled about the wonderful people who contribute to tourism.基喋喋不休地談?wù)撝切β糜螛I(yè)作出貢獻(xiàn)的了不起的人物。

3.compare with 比較;與?相比

How does your new house compare with your old one?

你的新房子和你的舊房子比起來怎樣?

Few can equal compare with her in manual dexterity.論手巧,一般人都不如她。

4.exchange rate 匯率;兌換率;外匯率

We've got a fairly unfavourable exchange rate at the moment.眼下匯率對我們不利。

This deferral would obviate pressure on the rouble exchange rate.這一延期將消除盧布匯率面臨的壓力。

凱程教育：

凱程考研備考成立于2005年，國內(nèi)首家全日制集訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)考研備考，一直從事高端全日制輔導(dǎo)，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

授、方浩教授等一批高級考研備考教研隊(duì)伍組成，為學(xué)員全程高質(zhì)量授課、答疑、測試、督導(dǎo)、報(bào)考指導(dǎo)、方法指導(dǎo)、聯(lián)系導(dǎo)師、復(fù)試等全方位的考研備考服務(wù)。凱程考研備考的宗旨：讓學(xué)習(xí)成為一種習(xí)慣；

凱程考研備考的價(jià)值觀口號(hào)：凱旋歸來，前程萬里； 信念：讓每個(gè)學(xué)員都有好最好的歸宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業(yè)的考研備考輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)； 激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；

敬業(yè)：以專業(yè)的態(tài)度做非凡的事業(yè)；

服務(wù)：以學(xué)員的前途為已任，為學(xué)員提供高效、專業(yè)的服務(wù)，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)員引路。

如何選擇考研備考輔導(dǎo)班：

在考研備考準(zhǔn)備的過程中，會(huì)遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業(yè)考生的專業(yè)課來說，通過報(bào)輔導(dǎo)班來彌補(bǔ)自己復(fù)習(xí)的不足，可以大大提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，節(jié)省復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，大家可以通過以下幾個(gè)方面來考察輔導(dǎo)班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導(dǎo)班。

師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導(dǎo)班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導(dǎo)名師的輔導(dǎo)年限、輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、歷年輔導(dǎo)效果、學(xué)員評價(jià)等因素進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)，詢問往屆學(xué)長然后選擇。判斷師資力量關(guān)鍵在于綜合實(shí)力，因?yàn)槿魏我婚T課程，都不是由

一、兩個(gè)教師包到底的，是一批教師配合的結(jié)果。還要深入了解教師的學(xué)術(shù)背景、資料著述成就、輔導(dǎo)成就等。凱程考研備考名師云集，李海洋、張鑫教授、方浩教授、盧營教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機(jī)構(gòu)只是很普通的老師授課，對知識(shí)點(diǎn)把握和命題方向，欠缺火候。

對該專業(yè)有輔導(dǎo)歷史：必須對該專業(yè)深刻理解，才能深入輔導(dǎo)學(xué)員考取該校。在考研備考輔導(dǎo)班中，從來見過如此輝煌的成績：凱程教育拿下2017五道口金融學(xué)院狀元，考取五道口15人，清華經(jīng)管金融碩士10人，人大金融碩士15個(gè)，中財(cái)和貿(mào)大金融碩士合計(jì)20人，北師大教育學(xué)7人，會(huì)計(jì)碩士保錄班考取30人，翻譯碩士接近20人，中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來自凱程，法學(xué)方面，凱程在人大、北大、貿(mào)大、政法、武漢大學(xué)、公安大學(xué)等院校斬獲多個(gè)法學(xué)和法碩狀元，更多專業(yè)成績請查看凱程網(wǎng)站。在凱程官方網(wǎng)站的光榮榜，成功學(xué)員經(jīng)驗(yàn)談視頻特別多，都是凱程戰(zhàn)績的最好證明。對于如此高的成績，凱程集訓(xùn)營班主任邢老師說，凱程如此優(yōu)異的成績，是與我們凱程嚴(yán)格的管理，全方位的輔導(dǎo)是分不開的，很多學(xué)生本科都不是名校，某些學(xué)生來自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，還有很多是工作了多年才回來考的，大多數(shù)是跨專業(yè)考研備考，他們的難度大，競爭激烈，沒有嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練和同學(xué)們的刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，是很難達(dá)到優(yōu)異的成績。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細(xì)溝通一下就清楚了。

建校歷史：機(jī)構(gòu)成立的歷史也是一個(gè)參考因素，歷史越久，積累的人脈資源更多。例如，凱程教育已經(jīng)成立10年（2005年），一直以來專注于考研備考，成功率一直遙遙領(lǐng)先，同學(xué)們有興趣可以聯(lián)系一下他們在線老師或者電話。

有沒有實(shí)體學(xué)校校區(qū)：有些機(jī)構(gòu)比較小，就是一個(gè)在寫字樓里上課，自習(xí)，這種環(huán)境是不太好的，一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的機(jī)構(gòu)必須是在教學(xué)環(huán)境，大學(xué)校園這樣環(huán)境。凱程有自己的學(xué)習(xí)校區(qū)，有

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

吃住學(xué)一體化教學(xué)環(huán)境，獨(dú)立衛(wèi)浴、空調(diào)、暖氣齊全，這也是一個(gè)考研備考機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)。此外，最好還要看一下他們的營業(yè)執(zhí)照。

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第三篇：2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：French education

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：

French education 每年考研英語閱讀篇章很多都取材于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，因此2017年考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，一定要從基礎(chǔ)打好，穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打。凱程在線分享《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》文章，希望大家能夠多看、多練，提升閱讀能力！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：French education

French education

法蘭西教育

Bac blues

會(huì)考后的憂傷

Moves are afoot to reconsider France's harshgrading system

法國正在考慮改革它苛刻的成績評級制度

WARY of competition when it comes to globalmarkets, the French embrace it wholeheartedly in the classroom.As school pupils enjoy theend of their summer holiday, few will relish a return to their harsh grading system.Termlyreports in secondary schools record pupils' marks, in Cartesian fashion, to the nearest twodecimal points.Every child knows how they compare with the average.A result at the school-leaving baccalaureat exam of 16 out of 20 is considered outstanding.For younger children, adictee to test spelling is marked by progressively deducting points for every error, which cancrush the grade down to zero, or even into negative territory.提到全球市場，就少不了競爭中“戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢，如履薄冰”的心態(tài)。而法蘭西一心要將這種小心翼翼奉為教育的信條。享受美好假期的孩子們一想到要回到學(xué)校那苛刻的分級制度，一個(gè)個(gè)就像霜打的茄子一樣愁容滿面。中學(xué)記錄學(xué)生成績的學(xué)期報(bào)告會(huì)使用笛卡爾的算法，將大家的成績精確到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后兩位。畢業(yè)會(huì)考的成績在16到20分之間的孩子才會(huì)被評為優(yōu)秀。而對于這些小朋友們來說，拼寫測試中的聽寫就是扣分的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī),分?jǐn)?shù)被一個(gè)一個(gè)的錯(cuò)誤蠶食鯨吞，這會(huì)使得他們的分?jǐn)?shù)跌至零分甚至是負(fù)分。

Benot Hamon, the education minister, thinks the system, at least for younger people, is tooharsh.He argues that “in France we are defined by failure”, and this begins with poor grades.He wants schools to “stimulate instead of discourage” and to give pupils more positivefeedback.Mr Hamon has launched a review of the national grading system.It is due to reportearly next year.法國教育部長博努瓦·哈蒙認(rèn)為，這樣的教學(xué)體制，最起碼對年輕人來說實(shí)在是過于苛刻。這位教育部長認(rèn)為“在法國，我們被定義成了不及格”，并且都始于過低的分?jǐn)?shù)。他希望學(xué)校對學(xué)生是“鼓舞促進(jìn)而不是使其喪失信心”，并且希望學(xué)?？梢越o學(xué)生更多積極的反饋。哈蒙部長推出了一份關(guān)于全國教育分級制度的反思評論，這份檢討將于明年早些時(shí)候公諸于世。

Mr Hamon's concern seems to be over the stress and anxiety that harsh grading inflicts onFrench schoolchildren, and the lack of confidence that this engenders in a country that isalready excessively pessimistic.Fully 75% of the children say they worry about getting poormarks in maths, for example, according to a study by the Paris-based OECD think-tank—onlyjust less than

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！

the figure of 78% in South Korea, and far above the 46% in Sweden.哈蒙部長似乎是想結(jié)束苛刻分級制度給法國中小學(xué)生造成的緊張與焦慮，并提升因此制度造成國家過于悲觀而缺乏已久的自信。例如，根據(jù)位于巴黎的經(jīng)合組織智庫發(fā)布研究數(shù)據(jù)，足足有75%的孩子表示他們擔(dān)心自己的數(shù)學(xué)成績會(huì)越來越差。在此項(xiàng)調(diào)查上法國僅略低于韓國，但是卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于瑞典,在韓國，這樣的孩子占到78%，而在瑞典，卻只有46%。

Last year the education ministry reported on an experiment in middle schools, in which marksout of 20 were abandoned in favour of comments, or vague letter grades.Boys, the reportnoted, disliked a less competitive environment more than girls;stronger pupils disliked itmore than weaker ones.But by creating less stress over failure, the report found, pupils wereencouraged to take risks and participate in class, and often became more confident.去年，法國教育部在中學(xué)進(jìn)行了改革實(shí)驗(yàn)，在這些學(xué)校中，笛卡爾的打分方式被摒棄，取而代之的是評論意見或者是模糊的字母等級。報(bào)告指出，和女生相比，男生對于這種競爭壓力小的環(huán)境并不太感冒;與那些相對弱一些的學(xué)生相比，那些成績優(yōu)異的學(xué)生也不喜歡這樣的弱競爭氛圍。但是研究者們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，及格帶來的壓力減輕使學(xué)生們受到了鼓勵(lì)，更愿意冒險(xiǎn)嘗試并且參與課堂活動(dòng)，并且自信也與日俱增。

Curiously, it was parents rather than pupils who most resisted the absence of grades.Theyworried about over-protected children, and the difficulty of judging their progress.If Mr Hamonis to get anywhere, he may find that his biggest obstacle is pushy parents.而奇怪的是，最反對模糊分?jǐn)?shù)的不是學(xué)生，而是各位小朋友的家長。這些家長擔(dān)心對孩子的過度保護(hù)會(huì)難以判斷其長進(jìn)。如果哈蒙部長隨處看看，他或許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)教育中最大的改革就是這些愛出風(fēng)頭的固執(zhí)父母。

1.return to 回到;返回

例句:Ford never desisted from trying to persuadehim to return to America.福特從未停止過勸說他返回美國。

2.come to 蘇醒;達(dá)到;來到

例句:There are thousands of students absolutelygagging to come to this university.肯定有成千上萬的學(xué)生都渴望到這所大學(xué)念書。

3.at least 至少;最低限度

例句:Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day.每天盡量至少吃4片面包。

4.want to 想去;想要

例句:When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs,and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.當(dāng)生活很艱難，你想要放棄的時(shí)候，請記住，生活充滿了起起落落，如果沒有低谷，那站在高處也失去了意義。

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第四篇：2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章辦公室“擠壓”戰(zhàn)略

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章辦

公室“擠壓”戰(zhàn)略

每年考研英語閱讀篇章很多都取材于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，因此2017年考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，一定要從基礎(chǔ)打好，穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打。凱程網(wǎng)考研頻道分享《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》文章，希望大家能夠多看、多練，提升閱讀能力！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：辦公室“擠壓”戰(zhàn)略

Ever-smaller offices

緊縮的辦公室

Pressed suits

正如縮水套裝

Feeling a bit cramped? Blame management theory

擠?都是管理學(xué)惹的禍

“PROJECT gold” and “Project Nexus” sound like plansfor bank heists or military assaults.In reality, they are the names for KPMG's ongoing attemptto squeeze its 6,700Londonemployees into ever smaller spaces.Since 2006 the professional-services firm has reduced the number of offices it uses inLondonfrom seven to two.By thespring of 2015 everybody will be crammed into one building inCanaryWharf.“金牌項(xiàng)目”和“聯(lián)通項(xiàng)目”聽上去像是搶銀行或軍事打擊的計(jì)劃。事實(shí)上，這是畢馬威公司計(jì)劃中的項(xiàng)目名稱，他們打算縮小全倫敦近6700名員工的工作空間。自2006年起，這家專業(yè)咨詢公司-畢馬威就把開設(shè)在倫敦的7家事務(wù)所減少到了2家。而到2015年春，所有員工都只能擠在倫敦金融區(qū)的一棟大樓里辦公。

According to data from the British Council for Offices(BCO), an industry club, the average officetenant now uses around 11 square metres per worker, 35% less than in 1997.A new buildingin Ludgate Hill, inLondon's financial district, will allocate just eight square metres to eachemployee.In many offices, rows of “hot” desks have replaced individual offices and evencubicles.“Nowadays it's almost frowned on to have your own office,” claims Nick WentworthStanley, of i2 Offices, a big serviced property firm.英國辦公室協(xié)會(huì)是一家工業(yè)俱樂部，該協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)表明，現(xiàn)如今，普通寫字樓的承租戶分配給每名職員約11平方米，與1997年相比少了35%。在倫敦的金融區(qū)路德門山街，有一棟新落成的大樓，樓中每名雇員僅能分到約8平方米。在許多寫字樓中，獨(dú)立辦公室甚至是小隔間代替了連排的公用辦公桌。一家大型產(chǎn)權(quán)服務(wù)公司i2Offices的尼克·溫特沃斯·斯坦利說“如今很難擁有自己的辦公室了”

Firms have long known that only about half of all desks are in use at any moment, as employeeswork odd hours or disappear to meetings, but it was difficult to fill the spares.Better ITsystems now mean that people need not be tied to a particular desk.They need not even be inthe office at all: as cloud computing and virtual offices take off, more people are working fromhome or from other places, further reducing the need for desks.許多公司很早就知道，由于雇員要倒班或者去開會(huì)，大約只有一半的辦公桌一直處于使用狀態(tài)，但是很難填補(bǔ)那些辦公桌閑置的空當(dāng)。更優(yōu)化的信息系統(tǒng)意味著員工不必拘泥于某個(gè)特定的桌子。他們甚至都不必在辦公室里：隨著云計(jì)算與虛擬辦公室的興起，越來越多的

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人居家辦公，或者在其他地方辦公，這更加縮小了辦公桌的用武之地。

Aside from cheapness, there is a motive behind this squashing.Inspired bySilicon Valley, firmsare trying to make their offices into “collaborative spaces”, where people bump into each otherand chat usefully.KPMG's redesignedCanaryWharfoffices will include lots of “breakout spaces”where employees can relax, and quiet rooms where people can get away from hubbub, saysAlastair Young, who is planning the move.He thinks this will both improve productivity andsave money.除了追求低成本，“擠壓”戰(zhàn)略的背后還有一個(gè)動(dòng)機(jī)。受硅谷啟發(fā)，各公司正試圖把自己的辦公室變成“協(xié)同空間”，職員們可以隨意地與他人會(huì)面并且有效地交流。計(jì)劃搬遷的阿拉斯泰爾·楊說，畢馬威重新設(shè)計(jì)過的倫敦金融區(qū)的寫字樓還將包含許多的“超脫空間”，員工可以在那兒略作小憩，以及遠(yuǎn)離喧囂的靜音房。他認(rèn)為這是提高生產(chǎn)力與節(jié)約成本的雙贏戰(zhàn)略。

In this happy new world, offices are not just places to work but also a way of expressingcorporate identity and a means of attracting and retaining staff.At the offices of Bain &Company, a management consultancy, inspirational quotes on walls help workers to identifywith Bain's brand, explains Sam Axtell, the company's operations director.Games rooms andrelaxing spaces help them “release alpha waves”.在這個(gè)愉快的新時(shí)代，辦公室已不僅僅是處理案牘之所，還是樹立企業(yè)形象與吸引新員工、留住老員工的地方。貝恩是一家咨詢管理公司，其運(yùn)營主管薩姆·阿克斯特爾解釋道，公司墻上的勵(lì)志名言有助于員工認(rèn)同本公司的品牌形象。游戲室與放松空間有助于員工“釋放α波”(即“釋放壓力”)。

This flummery has a practical consequence: it means more workers can be crammed into themiddles of cities.Fewer firms now require suburban back offices, says Sandra Jones of Ramidus,a property consultancy.Between 2001 and 2012 the number of workers employed by largefirms in Croydon, on the edge of London, declined by almost a quarter, to around 34,000.InManchesterand Birmingham, too, new office jobs have been created in rejuvenated city centresat the expense of suburbs.This may be one reason commutes are lengthening.這樣的道貌岸然導(dǎo)致一個(gè)很實(shí)際的后果：這意味著在城市中心會(huì)擠入更多的職員。地產(chǎn)咨詢公司Ramidus的桑德拉·瓊斯稱，如今越來越少的企業(yè)還要地處郊區(qū)的辦公樓。在倫敦郊區(qū)，大型公司Croydon的職員在2001年至2012年間少了近四分之一，目前為止還剩約34000人。曼徹斯特和伯明翰的情況類似，重建后的老城中心取代了郊區(qū)創(chuàng)造了新的工作崗位。這也許是上下班時(shí)間變長的原因之一。

Not everyone is delighted by the rise of cramped hot desks.At Broadcasting House, the BBC'snew offices inLondon, a shortage of good desks has led to frantic morning scrambles.Amanager at a financial firm in the City complains that since his firm redesigned its office, thereare only enough phones for one between two.KPMG has seen crushes at lifts and in thecanteen;the crowds have also put pressure on the air-conditioning system.并不是每個(gè)人都對擁擠的公用辦公桌的數(shù)量上升感到滿意。倫敦的廣播大廈是BBC新的辦公樓，高質(zhì)量辦公桌的短缺直接導(dǎo)致了早晨慌亂的“搶桌大戰(zhàn)”。倫敦某金融公司的經(jīng)理抱怨道，自從公司重新設(shè)計(jì)了其辦公室后，辦公室電話只夠一兩個(gè)人使用。畢馬威公司已經(jīng)領(lǐng)略了電梯和餐廳滿當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)娜巳?人群還給空調(diào)系統(tǒng)施加了巨大的壓力。

A modest backlash is under way, in an unexpected quarter.Google's new offices in King'sCross will have all sorts of collaborative space.But workers will still get their own 2 頁 共 2 頁

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privatedesks.Where that company leads, others tend to follow.溫和反彈正以一個(gè)讓人意想不到的方式進(jìn)行。谷歌在國王十字街的新辦公樓會(huì)涵蓋各種協(xié)同空間。但員工仍將擁有自己的私人辦公桌。但無論谷歌走向何方，他人還將亦步亦趨。

1.squeeze into 擠入;擠進(jìn)

例句:I can't squeeze another thing into my trunk.我的衣箱里一樣?xùn)|西也塞不進(jìn)了。

2.tie to 與?聯(lián)系在一起

例句:I have to wear a jacket and tie to work.我上班得穿短上衣打領(lǐng)帶。

3.need to 需要;需要去

例句:Do not wait for good things to happen to you.You need to walk towards happiness.不要等待好事降臨，你要向幸福進(jìn)發(fā)。

4.according to 根據(jù);按照

例句:The route that the boatmen choose varies according to the water level.船夫選擇的路線會(huì)隨水位的變化而有所不同。

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第五篇：2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：流浪夏威夷

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：

流浪夏威夷

每年考研英語閱讀篇章很多都取材于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，因此2017年考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，一定要從基礎(chǔ)打好，穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打。凱程考研頻道分享《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》文章，希望大家能夠多看、多練，提升閱讀能力！

2017考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：流浪夏威夷

Homelessness in Hawaii

流浪夏威夷

Paradise lost

失樂園

Catering to tourists comes at a hefty price for locals

為迎合游客當(dāng)?shù)厝烁冻龀林卮鷥r(jià)

THE sun is setting on Waikiki Beach, and Koa stillhas a few hours before his 9pm shift cleaning thefood court at the Ala Moana mall.“I'm trying to better myself,” he says, but being homelessmakes this tough.He finishes work at 3am, well past curfew at most shelters, and police keeppeople off the beach from 2am to 5am.維基基海灘，日暮西沉。Koa是阿拉莫阿拉購物中心美食街的保潔，現(xiàn)在距他9點(diǎn)的換班還有幾個(gè)小時(shí)?！拔以噲D不斷提升自我”，Koa稱，但是無家可歸的現(xiàn)狀讓這種提升舉步維艱。他結(jié)束工作一般就是凌晨3點(diǎn)，絕大多數(shù)的庇護(hù)所早已宵禁，凌晨2點(diǎn)至5點(diǎn)警察也不允許人們在海灘逗留。

Hawaii has one of the worst rates of homelessness in the country.Though its jobless rate isbelow 5%, pricey housing keeps even many workers on the streets.The median monthly rentfor a two-bedroom apartment in Honolulu is more than $1,800—one of the highest in America.夏威夷的無家可歸率在全美也是頗有名氣，是最嚴(yán)重之一。盡管該地區(qū)的失業(yè)率低于5%，但是昂貴的房價(jià)讓更多的工薪階層無家可歸?；鹋旚攦墒业纳唐贩糠孔庵兄狄渤^1800美元，是美國房租最高的地區(qū)之一。

On the island of Oahu, where three-quarters of Hawaii's homeless live, sleeping rough has justgot rougher.On December 2nd Honolulu's mayor, Kirk Caldwell, signed a bill that bans peoplefrom sitting or lying on the busiest public pavements between 5am and 11pm.Those who do socan be fined up to $1,000 and jailed for up to 30 days.This is part of a plan that Mr Caldwellcalls “compassionate disruption”.The aim, he says, is to get the homeless into shelters.Businesses in Waikiki, the centre of Hawaii's $14.5 billion tourism industry, support the policy.在歐胡島，夏威夷75%無家可歸者聚集的地方，露宿變得更加艱難。12月2日，火奴魯魯市長柯克·卡德維爾簽署了一項(xiàng)禁令，禁止無家可歸者在早上五點(diǎn)至晚上十一點(diǎn)這一時(shí)間段在最繁華的街道逗留。若有人違反這項(xiàng)規(guī)定將罰款1000美元拘留30天。這是卡德維爾所謂的“富有同情心的瓦解”計(jì)劃的一部分。他聲稱，目的是讓無家可歸者居有定所。維基基的企業(yè)，夏威夷核心產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值145億美元的旅游業(yè)支持該項(xiàng)政策。

Similar crackdowns can be seen around the country, even as the stock of affordable

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housing—defined as costing no more than 30% of a family's income—declines.(Nearly 13% has beenlost since 2001.)Laws banning camping, sleeping in cars, begging and loitering in public spacesare increasingly common, according to the National Law Centre on Homelessness &Poverty.In the past two years, more than 20 cities have made it illegal to feed homelesspeople in public.盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房(定義為購房款僅占家庭收入30%的住房)的股票價(jià)格下降，類似的“鎮(zhèn)壓”在整個(gè)美國隨處可見(自2013年以來，將近13%的人失去自己的房子)。根據(jù)處理無家可歸及貧困事務(wù)的國家法律中心的信息，禁止人們在公共場所露營、以車為家、乞討、游蕩的法律越來越常見。在過去的兩年，超過20個(gè)城市認(rèn)定在公共場所為無家可歸者提供食物為非法行為。

Such laws are counterproductive, says Jerry Jones, the director of the National Coalition forthe Homeless, an advocacy group.Otherwise law-abiding people end up with criminal records,making it harder for them to get back on their feet.A night in jail can cost three times morethan a night in a shelter.Honolulu's ban on rough sleeping has made the homeless moretransient and harder for social-service agencies to find.Many are sleeping at the airport,ensuring that they are the first thing visitors see.國家流浪者聯(lián)合會(huì)(一個(gè)倡導(dǎo)團(tuán)體)的主管杰里·瓊斯稱這樣的法律智慧產(chǎn)生反作用力。不然，遵紀(jì)守法的人們最終將會(huì)被逼犯罪，使他們自力更生難上加難。在監(jiān)獄里呆一晚的花銷是庇護(hù)所的3倍。火奴魯魯有關(guān)露宿的禁令讓無家可歸者流動(dòng)性更大，社會(huì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)更難找到他們。許多無家可歸者誰在機(jī)場，確保他們是游客們最先看到的事物。

Several cities have reduced homelessness by using a different approach, called Housing First.Whereas typical schemes aim to get homeless people “housing ready”—that is, off drugs and inwork—before placing them in homes, Housing First provides the home up front and thendelivers the support needed to stay there.This saves money, says Matthew Doherty of the USInteragency Council on Homelessness, as the homeless otherwise tend to ricochet betweenexpensive services, such as jails, emergency rooms and detox centres.A study from LosAngeles found that the public saves over $27,000 a year for every person in such aprogramme.有幾個(gè)城市采用一種截然不同的措施，即“住房優(yōu)先”項(xiàng)目來減少無家可歸人群。特定的計(jì)劃已實(shí)施從而讓無家可歸者在得到住房前具備“有房資格”，即沒有疾病且有工作。與此同時(shí)，住房優(yōu)先項(xiàng)目預(yù)先提供住房，之后為人們順利入住提供必要的支持。美國無家可歸者跨機(jī)構(gòu)委員會(huì)的馬修·道爾蒂稱，這樣更省錢。否則，這些無家可歸者將會(huì)在教委昂貴的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)間奔波，比如監(jiān)獄、急診室以及戒毒中心。洛杉磯的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在該項(xiàng)住房優(yōu)先項(xiàng)目中，一人接受該項(xiàng)目國家將至少節(jié)省27000美元。

Even in Hawaii, officials are taking steps towards a Housing First plan.In Honolulu, Mr Caldwellhas promised $3m to house 100 of the city's homeless and another $43m for more housing.But the city has offered few details, and the new homes will not be ready for years.In themeantime, there is talk of sending the homeless to an encampment on nearby Sand Island—farfrom the tourists of Waikiki.甚至在夏威夷，官員們也正在采取措施實(shí)施住房優(yōu)先計(jì)劃。在火奴魯魯，卡德維爾承諾將為該市100個(gè)無家可歸者提供300萬美元住房基金，另支出4300萬美元提供更多的住房。但是該市并未提供更多的細(xì)節(jié)，并且新的住房何時(shí)竣工入住也要好幾年。同時(shí)，也有人聲稱將這些無家可歸者送到鄰近沙島的露營地，那個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離維基基游客視線的地方。

1.cater to 迎合;投合

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In the contemporary western world, rapidlychanging styles cater to a desire for novelty andindividualism.在當(dāng)代西方社會(huì)，快速變化的時(shí)尚迎合了人們追求新奇和個(gè)性的需求。

The chef is pleased to cater for vegetarian diets.廚師非常樂意為客人做素食。

2.keep off 讓開;防止

Keep off the subject of politics.勿談?wù)巍?/p>

The doctor has advised him to keep off fattening food.醫(yī)生已建議他不要吃致肥食物。

3.according to 根據(jù)，按照

The route that the boatmen choose varies according to the water level.船夫選擇的路線會(huì)隨水位的變化而有所不同。

He advocates streaming children, and educating them according to their needs.他提倡把學(xué)生按能力分班，因需施教。

4.tend to 傾向于;趨向

We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.我們往往每周共進(jìn)一次午餐。

Older mothers tend to be too idealistic about the pleasures of motherhood.較年長的母親往往對身為人母的樂趣過于理想化。

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