第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作教程

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作教程：（四六級(jí)范文集）

目錄

1.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)寫作基本要求，范文兩篇（了解題目，提綱，字?jǐn)?shù)，時(shí)間等要求）

2.分析題目提綱，歷年作文題目每類兩個(gè)（對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題；問題解決題型；利弊分析題型；原因解

釋題型；綜合類題型（敘事型）；通知、海報(bào)、啟事與指令；講話稿的撰寫；申請(qǐng)信、簡(jiǎn)歷、介紹信、推薦信）

3.篇章寫作

對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題 兩篇例文找出模板句型，模板句型介紹

經(jīng)典用語(yǔ)

案例分析（列舉一篇以前學(xué)生寫過的作業(yè)，隨堂分析，包括用詞，語(yǔ)法，觀點(diǎn)陳述）--一篇類型相同，不同題目的文章，分析完案例，學(xué)生隨堂寫一篇同樣題目的文章，作為比較

4.附錄：范文（1.思路分析，即范文中的body部分內(nèi)容概述，幫助學(xué)生對(duì)于各種話題擴(kuò)展思路和信息量；

2.經(jīng)典用語(yǔ)）

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作輔導(dǎo)教程

記敘文的思路與練習(xí)

記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間?

地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化?

人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?

事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?

原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?

結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?

一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。

記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。

【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。

對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。

Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。

Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。

What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。

當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。

參考范文

An Early Morning Walk

One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some

were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)(What was happening)，最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。

1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。When：

Where：

Who：

What：

Why：

How：

參考思路

When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績(jī)的日子?周末?

Where：在大街上違章停車?在學(xué)校?在商場(chǎng)?在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳?

Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友?

What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級(jí)沒過?

Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦?

How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛?

想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東東挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。

根據(jù)自己的思路，寫一篇文章：

參考范文

A Most Unlucky Day

I had a streak of tough luck yesterday.Everything，it seemed to me，went wrong.And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day.In the morning，as luck would have it，my alarm clock didn’t ring，and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual.I was in such a hurry that，when making an omelet，I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen.Having no time for my breakfast at that point，I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers.I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway，but somehow I couldn’t make it.I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class，because my English teacher is very strict and demanding，and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class.After getting off the 7:40 subway，I raced all the way from the station to my school，thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day.At the corner of the street near my school，I abruptly bumped into a man and，worse luck，broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week.With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology，I just kept on running and running.At long last，I arrived at the school only to find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked.It was Saturday.My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end.When I returned home greatly frustrated，I found myself locked out.In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me.Just my luck!

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這篇文章按照時(shí)間順序一氣呵成。文章的標(biāo)題、第一句和最后一句都點(diǎn)出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事從作者醒來開始，在慌慌張張中煎蛋卷、趕地鐵、急奔學(xué)校、撞破眼鏡、發(fā)現(xiàn)白忙乎了一場(chǎng)，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了鑰匙!整個(gè)故事描述得精彩生動(dòng)，既有動(dòng)作的細(xì)節(jié)又有作者內(nèi)心的感受，讓讀者也身臨其境地體會(huì)了倒霉的一天。

根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語(yǔ)提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。

參考范文

Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。

參考范文

Go on a Mediterranean Journey

My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation，the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting，but there was one man，a Mr.James，who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about，it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had，apparently，read more books，visited more countries and studied more languages，than anyone else had.After a few days，we ate our meals in silence，because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject，look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject，Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr

歷年四級(jí)考試中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說明文的范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫題為“Students Use of Computers”的作文。

說明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來說明。

所以，說明文的思路要圍繞說明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開。例如：

范文點(diǎn)評(píng)

A Famous Clock

When you visit London，one of the first things you will see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been erected.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as well.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.Once，however，it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語(yǔ)》中的一篇經(jīng)典說明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開篇指明該鐘位于英國(guó)倫敦，且全世界的人們通過BBC就能夠聽到鐘聲。接下來講述了“大本鐘”的由來，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來龍去脈，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說明文之真諦也。

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作教程復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

Sentence fragments：

句子碎片：

sentences are complete thoughts because they are have subjects and verbs and because they require no other elements to complete their meaning.句子是完整的主題有完整的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，而且并不需要成分來補(bǔ)充它的意思。

When any one of these dependent units is punctuated with a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop（period，exclamation point，or question mark）at the end，it is called a sentence fragment.當(dāng)任何一個(gè)非獨(dú)立成分被句首大寫字母強(qiáng)調(diào)并且末尾有一個(gè)停頓（句號(hào)，感嘆號(hào)，問號(hào)），他被稱為句子片段

A sentence fragment can be corrected in various ways：

句子碎片可以用多種不同的方法修正

a.by joining it to another sentence 把它加入進(jìn)另一個(gè)句子

b.by supplying a subject and a predicate提供一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

c.by rewriting the passage in which it occurs在不改變句意的范圍內(nèi)重寫

Any verbless or subjectlessfragment of a sentence，whether you can classify it or not，should not be allowed to stand as a sentence.任何沒有主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的句子碎片，不管是否分類，都不應(yīng)該當(dāng)做句子。

A.A verbless or subjectless fragment can be corrected by adding a subject or verb accordingly；by attaching the fragment to the sentence that comes before it or the sentence that comes after it，whichever makes sense ；or by rewriting the fragment entirely.一個(gè)缺少主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的句子碎片可以通過增加一個(gè)相應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)來改正；或通過把句子碎片加入它前面或后面的句子使其合理的完整；或完全的重寫句子碎片。

B.Added—detail fragments also lack a subject and a verb.They often begin with one of the following words.；for example，also，except，such as，including，especially，namely 額外的碎片也是缺少主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的。大多是以以下的詞開始的；例如，并且，除了，像，包含，特別，即

An added—detail fragments can be corrected in one of the three ways below： 額外碎片可以通過以下三種方式改正

a.Attach the fragment to the complete thought that precedes it.附加到他之前的完整意思中

b.Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence.在碎片中加入主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)使他成為一個(gè)完整的句子

c.Change words necessary to make the fragment part of the sentence.改變必要的詞匯使句子碎片成為一個(gè)句子

Run—on sentence

連寫句

A run—on sentence is tow or more complete thoughts（or independent clauses）without adequate sign given to mark the break between them.連寫句是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的寫在一起且中間沒有明顯停頓標(biāo)記的完整的意思（獨(dú)立句）They may be corrected in four principal ways：

連寫句的四種主要的改正方法：

a.Use a period and write two separate sentence.用一個(gè)句號(hào)把它寫成兩個(gè)分開的不同的句子。b.Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction用逗號(hào)和適合的連詞

c.Use a semicolon用一個(gè)分號(hào)

d.Make one of the clauses dependent 使其中的一個(gè)句子變?yōu)閺木?/p>

Misplaced and dangling modifiers

錯(cuò)位修飾語(yǔ)和懸垂修飾語(yǔ)

A modifier is a word，a phrase，or a clause that functions in the sentence to modify，that is，to limit，qualify，or restrict the meaning of another word, phrase ,clause.Misplaced and dangling modifiers break a fundamental rule that all modifiers must be near the word they modify.Misplaced and dangling modifiers modify either the wrong word or no word at all。錯(cuò)位修飾語(yǔ)和懸垂修飾語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)在句子中的職能就是去修飾和限定句子中的另一個(gè)詞的意思。錯(cuò)位修飾語(yǔ)和懸垂修飾語(yǔ)破壞了修飾語(yǔ)必須挨著他所修飾的那個(gè)詞的基本的規(guī)則。錯(cuò)位修飾語(yǔ)和懸垂修飾語(yǔ)都修飾了錯(cuò)誤的詞或沒有起到修飾的作用。

Misplaced modifiers

錯(cuò)位修飾語(yǔ)

A modifier is misplaced when it appears so far from what it is supposed to modify that the connection is no longer clear or modifier seems to modify something else

當(dāng)一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在離他要修飾的詞很遠(yuǎn)的地方時(shí)，修飾看起來不再明顯或像在修飾其他的什么。

Squinting modifiers

偏斜修飾語(yǔ)

A squinting modifier is a word or phrase that appears to modify both the words that precede and follow it.Such a modifier seems to be looking in two directions at once.The result is a sentence with two possible meanings。

偏斜修飾語(yǔ)就是指一個(gè)修飾詞看起來在同時(shí)修飾他前后的兩個(gè)詞,看起來是在一次修飾兩個(gè)方向，結(jié)果句子就出現(xiàn)了兩種可能的意思。

Split infinitives

分裂不定式

A split infinitive is a construction in which the sign of the infinitive “to”has been separated from the verb with which it is associated.分裂不定式是將to 和有聯(lián)系的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞隔離開的結(jié)構(gòu)。

Dangling modifiers

懸垂修飾語(yǔ)

A dangling modifier is a group of word that has no grammatical connection to any element in the sentence.懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是一組在句子中與任何元素都沒有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的修飾語(yǔ)。

There are five kinds of dangling modifiers：五種懸垂修飾

a.dangling participles 懸垂分詞

b.dangling gerunds懸垂動(dòng)名詞

c.dangling infinitives 懸垂不定式

d.dangling elliptical clauses懸垂精簡(jiǎn)句

e.dangling prepositional phrases懸垂介詞短語(yǔ)

Correcting dangling modifiers

校正懸垂修飾語(yǔ)

a.One way is to leave the modifier as it is and to rewrite the main clause so that its subject what the writer meant to modify。

一種方法是舍棄修飾語(yǔ)照現(xiàn)在的樣子改寫主句，以便明白什么才是作者修飾的主題。

b.Another way to correct sentence containing dangling modifiers is to change the dangling construction into a subordinate clause.另一種改正包含懸垂修飾語(yǔ)的句子方法是將懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)改成一個(gè)從句。

c.The third way to eliminate dangling modifiers is to recast the entire sentence.第三種方法是省略懸垂修飾語(yǔ)，重寫完整的句子。

Pronoun reference

指示代詞

Pronouns are useful because they take the place of nouns（persons，places，or things），which otherwise would have to repeated over and over.指示代詞代替那些在句子中多次出現(xiàn)的名詞。Antecedent先行詞代詞所指代的那個(gè)詞。每個(gè)代詞有且只有一個(gè)先行詞

Pronoun must be used in such a way as to make their exact reference clear.代詞必須在這樣的方式中使用已明確他們的職權(quán)

a.more than one possible antecedent 不可以有多個(gè)先行詞

b.it has no antecedent at all沒有先行詞

Weak reference

暗示指代

Weak reference refers to the type of the sentence in which the antecedent of a pronoun is implied or unspecified.暗示指代是代詞的先行詞是暗示或未指定的句子類型

Implied pronoun reference also refers to the type of sentence in which the same pronoun stands for different implied antecedents.暗含代詞也引用同樣的代名詞代表不同的隱含先行詞的句子類型

Broad reference

寬泛指代

There are two ways to improve broad reference：兩種改善寬泛指代的方法

a.Eliminate the pronoun 不要使用代詞

b.Change the pronoun to a demonstrative adjective by giving it a noun to modify

把代詞變?yōu)橹甘拘稳菰~

Parallelism

平行 排比

Parallelism is the rhetorical principle that sentence elements having the same grammatical function should be put in the same grammatical form.It is the writer’s technique of balancing like with like —noun with noun，verb with verb，infinitive with infinitive，phrase with phrase，clause with clause，and so forth.平行的修辭原則就是句子中有相同的語(yǔ)法功能的成分要放在相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中。這是作家們對(duì)類似物的平衡技巧，名詞和名詞，動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞，不定式和不定式，短語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)，分句和分句，等等。

Value of parallelism

排比的價(jià)值

It is used by writers for two reasons ：to make a sentence smooth and coherent rather than jerky and awkward，and to give sentences rhythm，balance，and greater force.作者用排比來保持句子的流暢和連貫，和給句子 節(jié)奏平衡 強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣

Techniques used in gaining parallelism

排比的使用方法

a.Elements joined by coordinating conjunctions加入并列連詞

b.Elements joined by correlative conjunctions 加入關(guān)聯(lián)連詞

c.Repetition of certain word 重復(fù)一些有特點(diǎn)的詞

Unnecessary shifts

不必要的變幻

An unnecessary shift，as the name implies，is a sudden—andinexplicable shift in the point of view used by the writer.不必要的變幻就像名字的暗示是作者不可說明的觀點(diǎn)

A good writer needs to keep consistency in voice，tense，mood，person and discourse.一個(gè)好的作者要保持語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)氣 人稱 以及敘事方式的一致

a.Unnecessary shifts in voice or subject語(yǔ)態(tài)一致

b.Unnecessary shifts in tense時(shí)態(tài)上的一致

c.Unnecessary shifts in mood語(yǔ)氣上的一致

d.Unnecessary shifts in person or number人稱 數(shù)上的一致

e.Unnecessary shifts in discourse敘事方式上的一致

f.Discourse（speech）can be either direct or indirect敘事方式可以是直接引語(yǔ)或間接引語(yǔ) Sentence emphasis

句子重點(diǎn)

There are some useful ways of gaining emphasis，covering order，voice，from，repetition，omission，sentence patterns and mechanical devices.一些獲得重點(diǎn)的途徑，包括：順序 語(yǔ)態(tài) 形式 重復(fù) 省略 句型 和機(jī)械的技巧。

A.Considering the order of words as a means achieving emphasis

句子中詞的的順序表示的重要性

a．use position for emphasis用位置來表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)end begin middle

b．invert the normal sentence order for emphasis 顛倒句子中的正常順序來表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào) c.use periodic sentences for occasional emphasis 用圓周句來表現(xiàn)偶爾的強(qiáng)調(diào)

The periodic sentences is one in which the main thought is held suspended until the end or near the end when it is suddenly released.圓周句是一種其主題思想直到句子結(jié)束或者接近結(jié)束的時(shí)候才停止之前的暫停說明而突然釋放的句子

The loose sentence is one in which the main thought is complete well before the end.松散句是一種其中心思想在句子結(jié)束之前就很好的表達(dá)了的句子

The periodic sentences is usually emphatic and conclusive because the weight of statement falls on the long—awaited predication.圓周句通常是很論述力和決定性作用的，因?yàn)槠渲亓啃偷挠^點(diǎn)建立在之前期待已久的預(yù)測(cè)上的。

d.ordinarily arrange a series of items in climactic order

層進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)

climactic order is the order that goes from the least important to the most important（or in the order that goes from the general to the specific）

層進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)是從最不重要的到最重要的，或是從總體到細(xì)節(jié)。

B.Using the voice that is most emphatic and appropriate 用最明確的語(yǔ)態(tài)

C.Putting statements in positive form 用肯定句式

D.Repeating words，structures，or ideas for occasional emphasis 重復(fù)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的E.Omitting unimportant words省略不必要的詞

F.Making use of special emphatic sentence patterns 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

G.Using mechanical devices for emphasis用這些機(jī)械的技巧

Italics 斜體 boldface 黑體 capital 大寫 punctuation marks 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

Sentence variety

句子多樣性

A.Varying the beginning of sentences

句子開頭的多樣性

a． begin sentences with an appositive用同位語(yǔ)做句子開頭

b． begin sentences with an adverb用副詞做句子開頭

c． begin sentences with an adjective or adjective phrase用形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)做句子開頭 d． begin sentences with participial phrase用分詞短語(yǔ)做句子開頭

e． begin sentences with an infinitive phrase用不定式短語(yǔ)做句子開頭

f． begin sentences with a prepositional phrase用介詞短語(yǔ)做句子開頭

g． begin sentences with clause modifiers用從句做句子開頭

B.Varying the kinds of sentences

句子種類的多樣性

A)Use simple，compound，and complex sentences 用簡(jiǎn)單句并列句以及含有從句的復(fù)雜句

B）use rhetorical sentences 運(yùn)用修辭手法

a．the loose sentences 松散句

b．the periodic sentences 圓周句

c．Sentences are not necessarily periodic or loose throughout句子不一定是松散句或圓周句 d．the balanced sentence is one that contains two or more phrases or clauses similar in form about the same length，but often contrasted in meaning.平衡句子是在對(duì)相同長(zhǎng)度中的句子包括兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的相似形式短語(yǔ)或分句

C.Varying the length of sentences

句子長(zhǎng)度的多樣性

Coordination 并列連詞

Coordination is the linking of equally weighed elements.連詞可連接相等重量的元素

Intelligent use of coordination can help give smoothness , variety , emphasis and unity to our writing.聰明的運(yùn)用連詞可以使句子通順，多樣性，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，增強(qiáng)我們文章的統(tǒng)一性。Patterns of coordination

連詞的模式

A.simple coordination

簡(jiǎn)單的連詞

B.a second pattern of coordination makes use of correlative conjunctions to strengthen the connection between two coordination elements

第二種連詞的模式利用相關(guān)加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)兩個(gè)連詞元素的連接

C.a third pattern of coordination involves the series , a list of three or more items.第三種連詞的模式包含一系列、列表、三個(gè)或更多的物品

Try eliminating all conjunctions;it is even possible to combine in a single sentence a series that repeats conjunctions with one that eliminates the rest completely;they can be grouped into pairs.試著消除所有連詞,它甚至可以用一句話概括了一系列與重復(fù)合用,消除了其余的全部，它們可以分組配對(duì)。

Avoidance of excessive coordination 避免通篇使用連詞

Subordination

從句

subordination is the technique of putting together ideas that are unequal in weight so that the relative importance of each will be quickly apparent to the reader.從句是把重要性不相等概念放在一起的手法，通過相對(duì)的比較使讀者更容易明白

Subordination helps you to avoid choppy sentences or excessive coordination and to achieve variety and smoothness.從句幫助我們避免斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的句子或者過多的連詞以達(dá)到多樣性和句子的通順

Ways of subordination

從句的方法

a.subordination by and adverbial clause狀語(yǔ)從句

b.subordination by and attributive clause 定語(yǔ)從句

c.subordination by a modifying phrase 修飾短語(yǔ)從句

d.subordination by an appositive 同位語(yǔ)從句

e.subordination by a word.用單詞

Avoidance of inverted subordination.避免倒裝的從句

Avoidance of expressive overlapping of subordination constructions

避免過量的重疊的從句

Avoidance of expressive subordination 避免表達(dá)過多的從屬

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作

常用寫作句型

1現(xiàn)象解釋型

模板一

⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 圖表/畫內(nèi)容總概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 現(xiàn)象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸進(jìn)一步闡述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落總結(jié)句.⑼As to me, I think 我的觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度/建議.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二

Topic

⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 總述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象/事實(shí)現(xiàn)象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸進(jìn)一步闡述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 舉例說明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的觀點(diǎn).⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型

⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如圖中所示，在過去的幾十年中，……急劇增長(zhǎng)。

⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…

圖表顯示數(shù)字下降平緩/明顯，這表明……

⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…

在圖表中，我們可以看到有細(xì)微/很明顯的波動(dòng)，這表明…

⑷Recently, the problems of …h(huán)as become the focus of the public concern.近來，…問題引起公眾極大的關(guān)注。

⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好幾個(gè)因素造成的結(jié)果。

⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有幾個(gè)原因?qū)е铝宋覀兿旅嫠U述的問題。

⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解釋該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因并不容易，因?yàn)槠渲猩婕暗胶芏鄰?fù)雜的因素。

⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注…

2問題解決型

模板一

Topic

⑴It is well-known that 相關(guān)背景, but nowadays 總述不良現(xiàn)象或問題.⑵現(xiàn)象具體表現(xiàn)一.⑶現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 該現(xiàn)象 is causing great harm/該現(xiàn)象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解決方法一.⑼進(jìn)一步闡述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解決方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解決方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解決問題.模板二

Topic

⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事實(shí)現(xiàn)象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解決問題is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解決方法一.⑹進(jìn)一步闡述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解決方法二.⑻For example,支持該方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解決方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 總結(jié)全文.常用句型

⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…

⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…

⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3對(duì)比選擇型

模板一

Topic

⑴Different people have different views on看法/問題.⑵Somme prefer 一種看法觀點(diǎn).⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不贊同的觀點(diǎn)的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不贊同的觀點(diǎn)的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持觀點(diǎn)的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持觀點(diǎn)的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申觀點(diǎn).模板二

Topic

⑴When it comes to事物/問題, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 觀點(diǎn)一.⑶In their opinion, 觀點(diǎn)一的理由一.⑷Besides, 觀點(diǎn)一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that觀點(diǎn)二.⑹They maintain that 觀點(diǎn)二的理由一.⑺And 觀點(diǎn)二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 觀點(diǎn)一/觀點(diǎn)二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 舉例說明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式

⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…

⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that

4觀點(diǎn)論證型

模板一

⑴ It is true that 普遍的觀點(diǎn).⑵ However, 不同的觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象.⑶ I think,我的觀點(diǎn).⑷ 理由或其他論據(jù) can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，論據(jù)一.⑹ Secondly, 論據(jù)二.⑺ For example, 支持論據(jù)二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 論據(jù)

三.⑼ A case in point is 支持論據(jù)三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申觀點(diǎn).⑾ Therefore, 與該觀點(diǎn)相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 總結(jié)全文.模板二

Topic

⑴ Many people believe that 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象/事實(shí).⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具體表現(xiàn)一.⑷ In addition, 具體表現(xiàn)二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 闡述第一個(gè)例子⑺ For another example, 引出并說明第二個(gè)例子.⑻ Moreover, 闡述第三個(gè)例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申觀點(diǎn).⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出個(gè)人建議.⑾ In short,總結(jié)全文.常用句式

⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…

⑵ It is believed that …

⑶ There are many reasons explaining …

⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …

5應(yīng)用文

⑴建議信模板

Date

Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…

⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…

⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡議書模板

Date

Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high

time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求職信模板

Date

Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in

_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …

⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …

⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作模版

（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主題).Some people hold the idea that(觀點(diǎn)A).A case in point is that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(觀點(diǎn)B).The most typical example is that(支持觀點(diǎn)B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some

extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主題)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(觀點(diǎn)A)because(支持觀點(diǎn)A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).However, others argue that(觀點(diǎn)B).They point out that(重申觀點(diǎn)B)for the reason that(支持觀點(diǎn)B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的觀點(diǎn))because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主題), some people hold the idea that 觀點(diǎn)A).As far as they are concerned,(展開觀點(diǎn)A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(觀點(diǎn)B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由1).In the second place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由2).In the third place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申觀點(diǎn)B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(觀點(diǎn)A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).And it may bring them（A帶給他們的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的觀點(diǎn)).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主題)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主題的優(yōu)點(diǎn)1).On the other hand,(主題的優(yōu)點(diǎn)2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主題的缺點(diǎn)1).To make matters

worse,（主題的缺點(diǎn)2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主題)itself is

neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主題現(xiàn)象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主題現(xiàn)象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺點(diǎn)例子1).In addition,(缺點(diǎn)例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主題現(xiàn)象)and make our life more comfortable.圖表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一個(gè)原因).More

importantly, …(第二個(gè)原因).Most important of all, …(第三個(gè)原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for

quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).提綱式作文 1.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一個(gè)原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反對(duì)（X）的第一個(gè)理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一個(gè)壞處。

2.批駁觀點(diǎn)式Many people argue that 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)

例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀

點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3.社會(huì)問題(現(xiàn)象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common

concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辯論式議論文模版

模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點(diǎn)1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點(diǎn)2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)1.More importantly, 論據(jù)2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或:From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點(diǎn)1, while others point out that 觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the

former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)1.For another, 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn))。Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn)1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn)2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)1。Furthermore, 論據(jù)2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據(jù)3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).(I)說明原因型模塊

Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX

It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注釋: 1:XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法

4:XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 5:舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二 6:說明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文:The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your

enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that

(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)說明原因型模塊(2)

In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind

people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what

programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某種現(xiàn)象] in [某種場(chǎng)合].It is estimated that [相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Why have there been so many [某種現(xiàn)象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某種現(xiàn)象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解決辦法一].On the other hand, [解決辦法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某種現(xiàn)象].為便于讀者理解，我特意用這個(gè)模板，寫了一篇關(guān)于ghost writer(捉刀代筆的槍手)的示范性小作文，請(qǐng)您觀摩一下。

Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 槍手] in [China's examinations / 中國(guó)的考場(chǎng)].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的應(yīng)試者是槍手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 槍手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主無知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懶惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主遲鈍].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 槍手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斬首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 槍手].（I）說明原因型

模塊

（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the

number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children

usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to

talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the

pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum

up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for

their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）說明原因型 模塊（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much

exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their

ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV

viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）說明原因型 模塊（3）

Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your

plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注釋：： XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

5：舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二6：說明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文：

The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power

to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome

difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that

you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。

It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light

when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect

that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and

self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound

influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have

self-confidence can have what he will).綜合運(yùn)用篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對(duì)于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得________的問題，一直以來爭(zhēng)論不休。當(dāng)然，不同的人對(duì)此可能持不同的觀點(diǎn)。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心______________。

展現(xiàn)問題篇

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來，是否_______的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為_______而另一些人則認(rèn)為_______。其實(shí)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都其可取之處。

People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題，我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。

People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。

The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問題的看法也不盡相同。

When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...說到___，有人認(rèn)為____，而另一些人則認(rèn)為___。

There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___問題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判_______的人認(rèn)為___，他們認(rèn)為____，不過，另一方面，贊同__的人則認(rèn)為___。

1、常用與開頭的短語(yǔ)、句式

（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。

（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …

（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…

（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…

（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something

（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…

（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…

（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…

2．常用于結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)、句式

（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。

（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。

（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。

（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。

（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。

（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。

（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）

1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

2．表示好處1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示壞處1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．

例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．

4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．

例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6．表示變化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．