第一篇:喬治·馬歇爾哈佛大學(xué)演講
今天早上我被哈佛校方給予我的強(qiáng)大的聲望、榮譽(yù)和巨大的贊揚(yáng)深深感動并深表感謝。我受寵若驚,因?yàn)槭聦?shí)上,我真是非常擔(dān)心,惟恐我的無能無法承擔(dān)你們給予我的如此真誠的期望。在這些歷史性的美好場合,這個美好的日子,并且這個非常精彩的時刻,這是對我這么一個位置的人來說非常印象深刻的事情。但是更認(rèn)真來講,我并不需要告訴你們,世界形勢非常嚴(yán)重。那對所有明智的人來說都是非常明顯的。我認(rèn)為一個困難就是這個問題是如此復(fù)雜以至于傳媒呈現(xiàn)在大眾面前的情況使得那些大街上的人們很難對現(xiàn)今的形勢作出一個清楚的評價。并且,這個國家的人民遠(yuǎn)離這些問題地區(qū),并且他們也很難理解那些長期遭受苦難人們的窘境和和相應(yīng)的后果,也很難理解他們政府因?yàn)檫@些后果與我們的努力在促進(jìn)世界和平上的作用。
考慮到歐洲戰(zhàn)后重建的需要,生命逝去的損失和眾所可見的城市、工廠、礦山和鐵路的破壞最被估算了下,但是這幾個月事情很明顯,即這些肉眼可見的破壞可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)整個系統(tǒng)的裂痕。過去的10年情況是極端異常的??駸岬膫鋺?zhàn)和更狂熱的戰(zhàn)爭力量的維持使得國家經(jīng)濟(jì)所有方面斷裂。機(jī)器失修或者完全過時。在軍事獨(dú)裁和毀滅性的納粹統(tǒng)治下,實(shí)際上每一個可能的企業(yè)都卷進(jìn)了德國的戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器。因?yàn)橘Y金的缺乏、民族主義的榨取或者單純的破壞,長期的商業(yè)聯(lián)系、私人機(jī)構(gòu)、銀行、保險公司和船務(wù)公司消失了。在很多國家,對本國貨幣的信心已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重動搖。戰(zhàn)爭中歐洲商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完全坍塌。重建被嚴(yán)重滯后,因?yàn)檫@么個事實(shí),即在戰(zhàn)爭敵意結(jié)束后的兩年后,和德國與澳大利亞的和平協(xié)議沒有被遵守。但是即使對這些困難問題給予更多的即使的措施,戰(zhàn)后歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的重建很明顯地需要一個更長的時間并且需要比已經(jīng)預(yù)見到的更大的努力。
在這個問題中有一個步驟,既有趣也很重要。農(nóng)民總是生產(chǎn)糧食來和城市居民交換以獲得其他生活必須品。這種勞動分工是現(xiàn)代文明社會的基礎(chǔ)。而今,它卻是瀕臨崩潰。城市和城鎮(zhèn)工業(yè)不能生產(chǎn)足夠的產(chǎn)品來和生產(chǎn)糧食的農(nóng)民交換。原材料和燃料供應(yīng)不足。機(jī)器缺乏或者是已經(jīng)廢棄。農(nóng)村的農(nóng)民不能找到他們需要購買的物品。因此他出賣農(nóng)產(chǎn)品獲得的錢幣不能使用,這對他來說就成了一個無利的交易。因此,他就會縮小種植糧食的面積而用來放牧。他種植更多的谷物來儲存和為他和他的家庭提供一個充足的食物供給,而不管他在衣服和其他日常的城市生活物品上是多么缺少。同時,城市中的人們?nèi)鄙偌Z食和燃料。因此,政府不得不用他們的外匯儲備和存款從國外購買這些必需品。這個過程耗竭了急需用來重建的資金。于是一個非常嚴(yán)重的情況迅速發(fā)生,而這無益于世界。這種產(chǎn)品分工建立基礎(chǔ)上的勞動分工的現(xiàn)代系統(tǒng)正在面臨崩潰的危險。
事實(shí)的真相是這樣的,歐洲今后三年到四年的對于國外食品和其他生活必需品的需要——主要是從美國——是如此巨大,以至于以她現(xiàn)今的能力是無法支付的而必須獲得巨大的額外的幫助,否則她將面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和政治的惡化這么種非常可怕的狀況。
解決方法在于打破這個惡性循環(huán)并且重建歐洲人民對于他們自己國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的信心,并相信歐洲是個整體。廣袤土地上的生產(chǎn)者和農(nóng)民必須能并愿意交換他們的產(chǎn)品來獲取貨幣。
剔除世界范圍來看的士氣不振和因?yàn)樗婕叭巳旱南麡O而可能的騷動不談,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的后果對大家來說應(yīng)該很明顯。很合邏輯地,美國應(yīng)該做任何她能做的來幫助世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)。若不如此,將不會有政治穩(wěn)定和有保障的和平。我們的的政策不是針對任何國家或是教條,而是針對饑餓、貧窮、絕望和騷動。它的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是世界范圍內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,以使得自由體制能存在的政治和社會條件得以出現(xiàn)。我堅(jiān)信,這樣的幫助必須不能建立在一個松散的基礎(chǔ)上,就像很多危機(jī)產(chǎn)生那樣。一個國家在未來可能給予的任何幫助必須提供一個治療方法而不僅僅是減輕。任何將在這個復(fù)興即或中提供幫助的政府,我可以保證,將從美國政府那里獲得完全的合作。任何試圖阻止其他復(fù)興的政府將不可能從美國獲得幫助。并且,政府、政黨、或團(tuán)體,只要他們試圖延續(xù)人類的災(zāi)難來獲得自己的政治或其他利益,將遭到美國的嚴(yán)重反對。
已經(jīng)很明顯,在美國政府能夠進(jìn)一步努力來改善這種情況和幫助歐洲世界開始它的復(fù)興之路之前,歐洲國家之間必須達(dá)成一些合約,關(guān)于現(xiàn)狀的需要及這些國家自身的參與,什么行動這個國家可能采取,并行動起來。任何國家單方制定計(jì)劃以來讓歐洲處于她的經(jīng)濟(jì)控制下都是不合適和無效的。這是歐洲的事情。這個主動權(quán),我想,必須來自歐洲。這個國家的角色應(yīng)該包括起草一個歐洲項(xiàng)目的友好的幫助和之后的這個項(xiàng)目的支持,只要這個項(xiàng)目對我們而言是可行的。這個項(xiàng)目必須是一個聯(lián)合體,即使不是被所有歐洲國家贊同,必須被一些歐洲國家贊同。
在美國方面,任何成功行動的重要一點(diǎn)就是得到美國人民對于問題的理解和解救措施的理解。政治熱情和歧視不會是其中一部分。有著如此遠(yuǎn)見,以及我們國家人民面對歷史已經(jīng)很清楚賦予我們國家偉大責(zé)任的意愿,我所描述的困難都能也將被克服。
我很抱歉任何一個我公開述說國際情況的場合,我都不得不因個案需要深入技術(shù)層面的討論。但是在我看來,與其僅僅因?yàn)闊崆榛蛘咂娀蛘咭粫r的情感而產(chǎn)生互動,我們的人民獲得一些實(shí)際復(fù)雜情況究竟如何的廣泛了解是更有益的。正像我剛才正式所說的,我們原離那些問題的場景。僅僅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看、或聽、或即使看照片是不夠的,要抓住事情的所有真正的意義。當(dāng)然整個未來的世界需要一個正確的判斷。它取決于,我認(rèn)為,很大程度上取決于美國人民的認(rèn)識,關(guān)于什么是各種重要的因素?什么是人民的反應(yīng)?什么是這些反應(yīng)的原因?什么是苦難?什么是需要的?什么能最好來做?什么是必須做?非常謝謝!
第二篇:哈佛大學(xué)演講
The Spider’s Bite
When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand.I ran to my mom for help—but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand on fire.After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and ignited the cotton.Heat quickly penetrated the cotton and began to roast my hand.The searing pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick prevented it.All I could do was watch my hand burn-one minute, then two minutes –until mom put out the fire.You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time pre-industrial.When I was born, my village had no cars, no telephones, no electricity, not even running water.And we certainly didn’t have access to modern medical resources.There was no doctor my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science behind my mom’s cure: heat deactivatesproteins, and a spider’s venom is simply a form of protein.It’s cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn’t it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard, I now know that better, less painful and less risky treatments existed.So I can’t help but ask myself, why I didn’t receive one at the time?
Fifteen years have passed since that incident.I am happy to report that my hand is fine.But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal distribution of scientific knowledge throughout the world.We have learned to edit the human genome and unlock many secrets of how cancer progresses.We can manipulate neuronal activity literally with the switch of a light.Each year brings more advances in biomedical research-exciting, transformative accomplishments.Yet, despite the knowledge we have amassed, we haven’t been so successful in deploying it to where it’s needed most.According to the World Bank, twelve percent of the world’s population lives on less than $2 a day.Malnutrition kills more than 3 million children annually.Three hundred million people are afflicted by malaria globally.All over the world, we constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and lack of resources impeding the flow of scientific information.Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often unavailable in these underdeveloped regions.And in far too many places, people are still essentially trying to cure a spider bite with fire.While studying at Harvard, I saw how scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways.The bird flu pandemic in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by demons.Our folk medicine didn’t even have half-measures to offer.What’s more, farmers didn’t know the difference between common cold and flu;they didn’t understand that the flu was much more lethal than the common cold.Most people were also unaware that the virus could transmit across different animal species.So when I realized that simple hygiene practices like separating different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist.But it was more than that: it was also a vital inflection point in my own ethical development, my own self-understanding as a member of the global community.Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire to change the world.Here on this Commencement Day, we are probably thinking of grand destinations and big adventures that await us.As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village.My experience here reminds me how important it is for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those who need it.Because by using the science we already have, we could probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take for granted every day.And that’s an impact every one of us can make!
But the question is, will we make the effort or not?
More than ever before, our society emphasizes science and innovation.But an equally important emphasis should be on distributing the knowledge we have to those whoneeded.Changing the world doesn’t mean that everyone has to find the next big thing.It can be as simple as becoming better communicators, and finding more creative ways to pass on the knowledge we have to people like my mom and the farmers in their local community.Our society also needs to recognize that the equal distribution of knowledge is a pivotal step of human development, and work to bring this into reality.And if we do that, then perhaps a teenager in rural China who is bitten by a spider will not have to burn his hand, but will know to seek a doctor instead.[I have just been to Buckingham Palace where Her Majesty the Queen has asked me to form a new government, and I accepted.[我剛?cè)ミ^白金漢宮,女王陛下要我組建新政府,我接受了。]
In David Cameron, I follow in the footsteps of a great, modern prime minister.Under David's leadership, the government stabilized the economy, reduced the budget deficit, and helped more people into work than ever before.[我沿戴維·卡梅倫的足跡前行,他是一位偉大、現(xiàn)代的首相。在卡梅倫的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,政府穩(wěn)定了經(jīng)濟(jì),降低了財政赤字,幫助比以往更多的人找到工作。]
But David's true legacy is not about the economy, but about social justice.From the introduction of same-sex marriage, to taking people on low wages out of income tax altogether.[但戴維真正的遺產(chǎn)并非搞經(jīng)濟(jì),而是社會公正。他認(rèn)可同性婚姻,讓低收入人群徹底免交所得稅。]
David Cameron has led a one nation government and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.Because not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party.And that word Unionist is very important to me.It means we believe in the Union.That precious, precious bond betweenEngland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[卡梅倫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一國政府,我將本著這種精神執(zhí)政。不是所有人都清楚,我所在的黨的全稱是保守和統(tǒng)一黨。統(tǒng)一一詞對我而言至關(guān)重要。這表明我相信統(tǒng)一,這是英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭之間十分珍貴的結(jié)合。]
But it means something else that is just as important.It means that we believe in a Union not just of the nations of the United Kingdom, but between all of our citizens.Every one of us, whoever we are and wherever we are from.[可它還意味著同樣重要的東西,它意味著我們不僅相信聯(lián)合王國的統(tǒng)一,還相信所有公民的統(tǒng)一,每個人,不論我們是誰,我們從哪里來。]
That means fighting against the burning injustice that if you are born poor, you will die on average nine years earlier than others.If you're black, you're treated more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you are white.[那意味著要反對迫切的不公正。如果你出身貧窮,就比其他人少活九年;如果你是黑人,相比于白人會受到司法體系更嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。]
If you're a white, working-class boy, you're less likely than anyone else in Britain to go to university.If you're at a state school, you're less likely to reach the top professions than if you were educated privately.[如果你是白人工人階級的男孩,在英國上大學(xué)的機(jī)會最低。如果你上國立學(xué)校,相比接受私立教育的人獲得頂尖工作的機(jī)會要少。]
If you are a woman, you will earn less than a man.If you suffer from mental health problems, there's not enough help to hand.If you're young, you'll find it harder than ever before to own your own home.[如果你是一個婦女,你賺的比男人少。如果你有精神疾病,會缺少幫助。如果你是年輕人,會比前人更難擁有自己的住房。]
But the mission to make Britain a country that works for everyone means more than just fighting these injustices.[可讓英國成為為所有人服務(wù)這一使命不僅意味著應(yīng)對這些不公。]
If you're from an ordinary working-class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realize.You have the job, but you don't always have the job security.[如果你來自普通工人階級家庭,生活比政府里許多人知道的更艱難。你有工作,可往往并不穩(wěn)定。] You have your own home, but you worry about paying the mortgage.You can just about manage, but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.[你有房子,可擔(dān)心付不起月供。你還能湊合活,卻擔(dān)心生活費(fèi)增加,沒法把孩子送進(jìn)好學(xué)校。]
If you're one of those families.If you're just managing.I want to address you directly.I know you're working around the clock, I know you're doing your best, and I know that sometimes, life can be a struggle.The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of a privileged few, but by yours.[如果你來自這些家庭,如果你也湊合活著,我想要直接和你說:我知道你起早貪黑,我知道你竭盡全力,我知道生活有時是一種掙扎。我領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政府不會被一小撮特權(quán)群體的利益驅(qū)使,而會因你的利益而奔走。]
We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives.When we take the big calls, we'll think not of the powerful but you.When we pass new laws, we'll listen not to the mighty, but you.When it comes to taxes we'll prioritize not the wealthy, but you.When it comes to opportunity, we won't entrench the advantages of the fortunate few.[我們將盡一切所能讓你更好掌控自己的生活。我們做重大決定時,我們想的不是那些有權(quán)之人,而是你們。我們通過新法時,我們不聽那些有勢之人,而是你們。當(dāng)收稅時,我們不會優(yōu)先考慮那些有錢之人,而是你們。當(dāng)提供機(jī)會時,我們不會只給予那些少數(shù)幸運(yùn)之人。]
We will do everything we can to help anybody, whatever your background, to go as far as your talents will take you.[我們將盡一切所能幫助所有人,不論你背景如何,都讓你能發(fā)揮所長。]
We are living through an important moment in our country's history.Following the referendum we face a time of great national change.And I know because we're Great Britain, we will rise to the challenge.[我們經(jīng)歷著國家歷史上一個重要時刻。公投后我們面臨著國家重大變革的時代。我知道因?yàn)槲覀兪谴蟛涣蓄?,我們將迎接挑?zhàn)。]
As we leave the European Union, we will forge a bold, new positive role for ourselves in the world.And we will make Britain a country that works not for a privileged few, but for every one of us.[我們離開了歐盟,我們會在世界上打造一個勇敢、積極的新角色。我們要讓英國成為不為少數(shù)特權(quán)階級服務(wù)的國家,一個為每個人服務(wù)的國家。] That will be the mission of the government I lead, and together, we will build a better Britain.[這是我領(lǐng)導(dǎo)政府的使命,我們一起努力,就會建成一個更美好的英國。]
第三篇:喬治布什2002年演講
Radio Address by the President to the Nation(Text Only)The White House President George W.BushPrint this document
For Immediate Release Office of the Press Secretary September 21, 2002
Radio Address by the President to the Nation
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning.In the past week, U.S.officials in Pakistan took custody of five al Qaeda members, including a key strategist for the September the 11th attacks.And here in America, federal agents arrested six men suspected of having trained at al Qaeda terrorist camps in Afghanistan.These arrests remind us that we are engaged in a new kind of war, fought on many fronts, including the home front.The arrests also remind us that the enemy is still at large, threatening our safety and security.Defeating terrorism requires constant vigilance and preparation by our citizens and by our government.One way for the Congress to protect the American people is to pass legislation creating a new department of homeland security.This new department must have a single, overriding responsibility, to coordinate our homeland defense efforts, which are now scattered across the government.After less than a week of debate, the House of Representatives passed a good bill, a bill that gives me the flexibility to confront emerging threats quickly and effectively.Yet after three weeks of debate, the Senate has still not passed a bill I can sign.The legislation the Senate is debating is deeply
flawed.The Senate bill would force the new department to fight against terror threats with one hand tied behind its back.The department of homeland security must be able to move people and resources quickly, to respond to threats
immediately, without being forced to comply with a thick book of bureaucratic rules.Yet the current Senate approach keeps in place a cumbersome process that can take five months to hire a needed employee, and 18 months to fire someone who is not doing his job.In the war on terror, this is time we do not have.Even worse, the Senate bill would weaken my existing authority to prohibit collective bargaining when national security is at stake.Every President since
Jimmy Carter has had this very narrow authority throughout the government, and I need this authority in the war on terror.As Democrat Senator Zell Miller said, the daunting task of securing this country is almost incomprehensible.Let's not make it more difficult by tying this President's hands and the hands of every President who comes after him.In an effort to break the logjam in the Senate, Senator Miller and Republican Senator Phil Gramm have taken the lead in crafting a bipartisan alternative to the current flawed Senate bill.I commend them, and support their approach.Their proposal would provide the new secretary of homeland security much of the flexibility he needs to move people and resources to meet new threats.It will protect every employee of the new department against illegal discrimination, and build a culture in which federal employees know they are keeping their fellow citizens safe through their service to America.I ask you to call your senators and to urge them to vote for this bipartisan
alternative.Senators Miller and Gramm, along with Senator Fred Thompson, have made great progress in putting the national interest ahead of partisan interest.I'm confident that every Senator, Republican and Democrat, wants to do what is best for America.Creating a new department of homeland security will make America stronger and safer.It is time for the Senate to act.Thank you for listening.END
Return to this article at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/text/20020921.html
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第四篇:喬治六世圣誕節(jié)演講
最后的演講稿
《國王的演講稿》
在這個莊嚴(yán)時刻
也許是我國歷史上最生死攸關(guān)的時刻
我向每一位民眾
不管你們身處何方
傳遞這樣一個消息
對你們的心情 我感同身受
甚至希望能挨家挨戶 向你們訴說
我們中大多數(shù)人將面臨第二次戰(zhàn)爭
我們已多次尋求通過和平方式
解決國家間的爭端
但一切都是徒勞
我們被迫卷入這場戰(zhàn)爭
我們必須接受這個挑戰(zhàn)
如果希特勒大行其道
世界文明秩序?qū)в谝坏?/p>
這種信念褪去偽裝之后
只是對強(qiáng)權(quán)的赤裸裸的追求
為了捍衛(wèi)我們珍視的一切
我們必須接受這個挑戰(zhàn)
為此崇高目標(biāo)
我呼吁國內(nèi)的民眾
以及國外的民眾以此為己任
我懇請大家保持冷靜和堅(jiān)定
在考驗(yàn)面前團(tuán)結(jié)起來
考驗(yàn)是嚴(yán)峻的
我們還會面臨一段艱難的日子
戰(zhàn)爭也不只局限于前線
只有心懷正義才能正確行事
我們在此虔誠向上帝祈禱
只要每個人堅(jiān)定信念
在上帝的幫助下
我們必將勝利 in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us, we are at war.over and over again, we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies;but it has bee in vain.we have been forced into a conflict, for which we are called, with our allies to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.it is a principle which permits a state in the selfish pursuit of power to disregard its treaties and its solemn pledges, which sanctions the use of force or threat of force against the sovereignty and independence of other states.but far more than this, the peoples of the world would be kept in bondage of fear, and all hopes of settled peace and of security, of justice and liberty, among nations, would be ended.this is the ultimate issue which confronts us.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, and of the world order and peace, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm and united in this time of trial.戰(zhàn)時演講詞(英文原文)in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us, we are at war.over and over again, we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies;but it has been in vain.we have been forced into a conflict, for which we are called, with our allies同盟 to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail盛行, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.香港喬治六世加冕紀(jì)念 it is a principle which permits a state in the selfish pursuit of power to disregard its treaties 條約協(xié)議談判and its solemn嚴(yán)肅的 pledges保證、抵押, which sanctions 批準(zhǔn),制裁the use of force or threat of force against the sovereignty主權(quán) and independence of other states.but far more than this, the peoples of the world would be kept in bondage奴役、束縛 of fear, and all hopes of settled peace and of security, of justice and liberty, among nations, would be ended.this is the ultimate issue which confronts us.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, and of the world order and peace, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm and united in this time of trial.戰(zhàn)時演講詞(中文翻譯)
在這個莊嚴(yán)的時刻,也許是我國歷史上最生死攸關(guān)的時刻,我向每一位民眾,不管你們身在何處,傳遞這樣一個消息,對你們的心情,我感同身受,甚至希望能挨家挨戶,向你們傾說,我們中大多數(shù)人將面臨第二次戰(zhàn)爭,我們已多次尋求通過和平方式解決國家間的爭端,但一切都是徒勞的,我們被迫卷入這場戰(zhàn)爭,我們必須接受這個挑戰(zhàn),如果希特勒大行其道,甚至文明秩序?qū)в谝坏@種信念褪去偽裝之后,只是對強(qiáng)權(quán)的赤裸裸的追求,為了捍衛(wèi)我們珍視的一切,我們必須接受這個挑戰(zhàn),為此崇高目的,我呼吁國內(nèi)的民眾以及國外的民眾以此為己任,我懇請大家保持冷靜和堅(jiān)定,在考驗(yàn)面前請團(tuán)結(jié)起來,考驗(yàn)是嚴(yán)峻的,我們還會面臨一段艱難的日子,戰(zhàn)爭也不只局限于前線,只有心懷正義才能正確行事,我們在此虔誠向上帝祈禱,只要每個人堅(jiān)定信念,在上帝的幫助下,我們必將勝利!篇三:《國王的演講》 喬治六世 戰(zhàn)前演講 in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you, as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us we are at war.over and over again we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies.but it has been in vain.we have been forced into a conflict.for we are called, to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.such a principle, stripped of all disguise, is surely the mere primitive doctrine that might is right.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm, and united in this time of trial.if one and all we keep resolutely faithful to it, then, with god’s help, we shall prevail.在這樣嚴(yán)峻的時刻,可能是國家存亡的緊要關(guān)頭,我向領(lǐng)土上的所有子民,不論是國內(nèi)或是海外,傳達(dá)這份消息,我和你們一樣,百感交集,只希望我能挨家挨戶親自向你們訴說。
我們大部分人,都是第二次經(jīng)歷戰(zhàn)爭的洗禮。
不止一次,我們嘗試過尋求和平之道,求同存異,化敵為友,然而徒勞無功。
我們被迫卷入了一場戰(zhàn)爭,我們所面臨的,是一個
邪惡信念的挑戰(zhàn),如果敵方取勝,世界的文明秩序?qū)в谝坏?/p>
這樣的信念,剝?nèi)窝b的外衣,只是赤裸裸的權(quán)力追求。
為了捍衛(wèi)我們所珍視的一切,我們必須接受這個挑戰(zhàn)。
為此崇高目標(biāo),我呼吁國內(nèi)的民眾,海外的子民們,萬眾一心。
我希望你們能冷靜堅(jiān)定,在時間的歷練中團(tuán)結(jié)向前。
任務(wù)將會困難重重,前路可能烏云密布,戰(zhàn)場將不再局限于前線陣地。只有心懷正義才能正確行事,在此我們虔誠的向上帝承諾。
只要每個人堅(jiān)定信念,在上帝的幫助下,我們必將獲勝。篇四:國王的演講中喬治六世的口吃原因
國王的演講中喬治六世的口吃有很多方面引起的: 童年早期創(chuàng)傷——影片有放到喬治說道自己小時候保姆偏愛他哥哥,在和父皇母后相處時被掐,使父母不愛和要哭的他相處。事后保姆還會故意不給東西吃,使得自己得胃病。而這些事父母在三年后才發(fā)現(xiàn)......這對喬治的傷害很大。
當(dāng)然,這造成了喬治和父母的疏遠(yuǎn)。得不到父母滿滿地疼愛,也有一定的關(guān)系。被糾正左利手的經(jīng)歷??這些無一不是造成喬治口吃的原因。
還有一個更重要的原因就是來自愛德華的壓力。喬治六世在家中排行老二,可是他卻是最勇敢的一個。他的哥哥卻注定要成為國王,但是卻愛上了一個有夫之婦,對于皇家來說這是羞恥的。在哥哥愛德華八世面前,他總是有沒有辦法像和logue講話那么流利。
他也恨自己不能像正常人那樣說話,他對自己也很生氣,他沒有辦法去強(qiáng)制實(shí)施自己的愿望。因此,他變得易怒,還經(jīng)常抽煙。
羅格醫(yī)生的治療方法:
首先,羅格是一個成功的醫(yī)生,他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他要求醫(yī)生和病人的平等關(guān)系,并且要求在自己的診所進(jìn)行醫(yī)治,這對往后的治療起了很大的作用。
羅格醫(yī)生用了很多方式。有讓國王嘴巴里含著東西練習(xí)說話,但是沒有成功。之后讓他在嘈雜的環(huán)境中讀文章并錄下來,也有用罵人的形式說。用音樂的形式唱出來......此外,還有:
發(fā)音療法:就是要在每句話的開始輕柔地發(fā)音,改變口吃者首字發(fā)音經(jīng)常很急很重的特點(diǎn)。說話的速度要降到很慢的程度,一開始時一分鐘60-100字,而人們平時說話的速度要達(dá)到每分鐘200字。
呼吸療法:提倡腹式呼吸法。由于深呼吸能使肌肉獲得適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動和協(xié)調(diào),能松弛與緩和身體各部和顏面肌肉的緊張狀態(tài),逐漸消除伴隨運(yùn)動。深呼吸能影響人的情緒,能使激動的情感得以緩和以致平息。
突破療法:將口吃患者組織在一起,或單獨(dú)到人群密集的地方去演講、唱歌,逐步克服說話的恐懼心理。
激將法:羅格會用一些語言來刺激國王,逼他說話反擊。
安慰鼓勵法:不斷告訴國王他可以的,可以講一口流利的話。
更重要的是幫助喬治解開心結(jié)。早年的不幸以及勇敢展示自己的能力等。篇五:《國王的演講》賞析
回溯上個世紀(jì)三四十年代的英國歷史,人們津津樂道的多是愛德華八世“不愛江山愛美人”的浪漫故事。為迎娶曾有婚史的辛普森夫人,愛德華八世不惜退位,僅執(zhí)政325天。退位后,他成為溫莎公爵,與辛普森夫人過起了閑云野鶴的生活。他的繼任者,正是從小怯懦、口吃的弟弟艾伯特王子,也就是后來的喬治六世。國王喬治六世在加冕典禮上
電影《國王的演講》取材于這段歷史,故事主角就是喬治六世。由于擁有一個像愛德華王儲這樣優(yōu)秀的哥哥,自小害羞、口吃的“伯蒂”(喬治六世的昵稱)看起來并沒有繼承王位的可能。他和妻子伊麗莎白在遠(yuǎn)離公眾的平靜生活中逍遙度日,撫養(yǎng)兩個女兒。隨著老國王身體衰弱,日益增加的公共責(zé)任落到了伯蒂身上,也因此,他開始了與口吃的艱難抗?fàn)?,并找到了“民間醫(yī)生”萊納爾·羅格,兩人在治療的過程中建立了終生友誼。
愛德華遜位后,伯蒂臨危受命,成為喬治六世。兩年后,二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。在羅格醫(yī)生的幫助下,喬治六世克服了口吃,通過廣播發(fā)表了一篇鼓舞人心的圣誕節(jié)演講,號召英國人反抗法西斯,成為二戰(zhàn)中激勵英國人斗志的重要因素。
所獲獎項(xiàng)
《國王的演講》是由湯姆·霍伯指導(dǎo),科林·費(fèi)斯擔(dān)當(dāng)主演的英國電影,整部電影以敘述故事的形式,講述了英國女王伊麗莎白二世的父親喬治六世國王的故事。本片于第35屆多倫多電影節(jié)獲得了最高榮譽(yù)觀 眾選擇大獎。在2011年第83屆奧斯卡提名名單上,《國王的演講》獲得12項(xiàng)提名,并最終拿到最佳影片、最佳導(dǎo)演、最佳男主角、最佳原創(chuàng)劇本四項(xiàng)大獎??屏帧べM(fèi)斯憑借本片獲得金球獎最佳戲劇片男主角。影片還獲得金球獎、美國制片人公會、導(dǎo)演公會和影視演員公會獎等多項(xiàng)提名和獎項(xiàng)。1934年,伯蒂(之后的英王喬治六世)的口吃依舊,看著丈夫被無能的醫(yī)生捉弄,妻子莫琳外出找到語言治療師萊昂納爾·羅格醫(yī)生
【伊麗莎白王后第一次匿名登門造訪羅格】 berties wife: hello.is anyone there? lionel: im just in the loo.hello mrs johnson, there you are.sorry i dont have receptionist.i like to keep things simple.poor and content is rich and rich enough.berties wife: for? lionel: shakespeare.how are you? berties wife: how do you do? lionel: ahh, traveling alone.now, this is slightly awkward.but im afraid youre late.berties wife: yes, im afraid i am.lionel: wheres mr johnson? berties wife: he doesnt know im here.lionel: thats not a very promising start.berties wife: no.my husband has seen everyone to no avail.hes given up hope.lionel: he hasnt seen me.berties wife: youre awfully sure of yourself.lionel: im sure of anyone who wants to be cured.berties wife: of course he wants to be cured.my husband is required to speak publicly.lionel: perhaps he should change jobs.berties wife: he cant.lionel: indentured servitude? berties wife: something of that nature.yes lionel: well we need to have your hubby pop by...tuesday would be good...he can give me his personal details and ill make a frank appraisal.and then we can take it from there lionel: sorry, mrs j, my game, my turf, my rules.youll have to talk over with your husband.and then you can speak to me on the telephone.thank you very much for dropping by.good afternoon.berties wife: and what if my husband were the duke of york? lionel: the duke of york? berties wife: yes the duke of york.lionel: i thought the appointment was for “johnson”? forgive me, your royal...? berties wife: highness.lionel: your royal highness.berties wife: johnson was used during the great war when the navy didnt want the enemy to know ?he was aboard.lionel: am i considered the enemy? berties wife: you will be if you remain un-obliging.youll appreciate the need for absolutely discretion.lionel: of course.how did you find me? your royal highness.berties wife: the president of the society for speech therapists.lionel: eileen mccleod? shes a sport.berties wife: she warned me your antipodean methods were unorthodox and controversial.i warned her...they were not my favorite words.lionel: i can cure your husband.but for my method to work, i need trust and total equality here in the safety of my consultation room.no exceptions.berties wife: well then, in that case...when can you start? 為丈夫治病。這天,她來到萊諾開的語言矯正診所,想請萊諾幫助伯蒂擺脫口吃,但萊諾堅(jiān)持要伯蒂來自己的診所治療。.1.poor and content is rich and rich enough: 人能安貧即是福 2.to no avail: 沒有什么效果,不成功,也可以說成of little avail或者without avail。3.indentured servitude: 契約纏身的苦差事。indentured指的是“受契約束縛,必須為人干活的”,servitude則指“奴役(狀況),任人差遣(的狀況)”。4.my game, my turf, my rules: 用現(xiàn)在流行的話來說,就是“我的地盤我做主”。5.drop by: 順便拜訪。
例如:my friend mike stopped by and had dinner with us last night.(昨晚我的朋友邁克順便來訪并留下來吃了晚飯。
第五篇:哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮演講
哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮演講
朱棣文
尊敬的Faust校長,哈佛集團(tuán)的各位成員,監(jiān)管理事會的各位理事,各位老師,各位家長,各位朋友,以及最重要的各位畢業(yè)生同學(xué):
感謝你們,讓我有機(jī)會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。
我不太肯定,自己夠得上哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮演講人這樣的殊榮。去年登上這個講臺的是,英國億萬身家的小說家J.K.Rowling女士,她最早是一個古典文學(xué)的學(xué)生。前年站在這里的是比爾?蓋茨先生,他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦天才。今年很遺憾,你們的演講人是我,雖然我不是很有錢,但是至少我是一個書呆子。
我很感激哈佛大學(xué)給我榮譽(yù)學(xué)位,這對我很重要,也許比你們會想到的還要重要。要知道,在學(xué)術(shù)上,我是我們家的異類。我的哥哥在麻省理工學(xué)院得到醫(yī)學(xué)博士,在哈佛大學(xué)得到哲學(xué)博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大學(xué)得到一個法律學(xué)位。我本人得到諾貝爾獎的時候,我想我的媽媽會高興。但是,我錯了。消息公布的那天早上,我給她打電話,她聽了只說:?這是好消息,不過我想知道,你下次什么時候來看我??如今在我們兄弟當(dāng)中,我最終也拿到了哈佛學(xué)位,我想這一次,她會感到滿意。在哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表演說,還有一個難處,那就是你們中有些人可能有意見,不喜歡我重復(fù)前人演講中說過的話。我要求你們諒解我,因?yàn)閮蓚€理由。
首先,為了產(chǎn)生影響力,很重要的方法就是重復(fù)傳遞同樣的信息。在科學(xué)中,第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)者是重要的,但是在得到公認(rèn)前,最后一個做出這個發(fā)現(xiàn)的人也許更重要。
其次,一個借鑒他人的作者,正走在一條前人開辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)生、詩人愛默生曾經(jīng)寫下:?我最好的一些思想,都是從古人那里偷來的。?畫家畢加索宣稱?優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家借鑒,偉大的藝術(shù)家偷竊。?那么為什么畢業(yè)典禮的演說者,就不適用同樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢?
我還要指出一點(diǎn),向哈佛畢業(yè)生發(fā)表演說,對我來說是有諷刺意味的,因?yàn)槿绻?dāng)年我斗膽向哈佛大學(xué)遞交入學(xué)申請,一定會被拒絕。我的妻子Jean當(dāng)過斯坦福大學(xué)的招生主任,她向我保證,如果當(dāng)年我申請斯坦福大學(xué),她會拒絕我。我把這篇演講的草稿給她過目,她強(qiáng)烈反對我使用?拒絕?這個詞,她從來不拒絕任何申請者。在拒絕信中,她總是寫:?我們無法提供你入學(xué)機(jī)會。?我分不清兩者到底有何差別。不過,那些大熱門學(xué)校的招生主任總是很現(xiàn)實(shí)的,堪稱?拒絕他人的主任?。很顯然,我需要好好學(xué)學(xué)怎么來推銷自己。
畢業(yè)典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結(jié)構(gòu),我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章——輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少有價值,幾乎注定被忘記,永遠(yuǎn)不會被實(shí)踐。但是,就像王爾德說的:?對于忠告,你所能做的,就是把它送給別人,因?yàn)樗鼘δ銢]有任何用處。?所以,下面就是我的忠告。第一,取得成就的時候,不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友,要感謝那些啟發(fā)過你的教授,尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授,因?yàn)樗麄兤仁鼓阕詫W(xué)。從整體看,自學(xué)能力是優(yōu)秀的文科教育中必不可少的,將成為你成功的關(guān)鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學(xué),感謝他們同你進(jìn)行過的許多次徹夜長談,這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。當(dāng)然,你還要感謝哈佛大學(xué)。不過即使你忘了這一點(diǎn),校友會也會來提醒你。第二,在你們未來的人生中,做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中,都把最后一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)利益留給對方。不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中,不要把榮譽(yù)留給自己。成功合作的任何一方,都應(yīng)獲得全部榮譽(yù)的90%。
電影《Harvey》中,Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd,就完全理解這一點(diǎn)。他說:?多年前,母親曾經(jīng)對我說,‘Elwood,活在這個世界上,你要么做一個聰明人,要么做一個好人?!?我做聰明人,已經(jīng)做了好多年了?!牵彝扑]你們做好人。你們可以引用我這句話。
我的第三個忠告是,當(dāng)你開始生活的新階段時,請跟隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好,就去找,找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫,所以不能空手走過,你必須對某樣?xùn)|西傾注你的深情。我在你們這個年齡,是超級的一根筋,我的目標(biāo)就是非成為物理學(xué)家不可。本科畢業(yè)后,我在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校又待了8年,讀完了研究生,做完了博士后,然后去貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室待了9年。在這些年中,我關(guān)注的中心和職業(yè)上的全部樂趣,都來自物理學(xué)。
我還有最后一個忠告,就是說興趣愛好固然重要,但是你不應(yīng)該只考慮興趣愛好。當(dāng)你白發(fā)蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時,你需要為自己做過的事感到自豪。物質(zhì)生活和你實(shí)現(xiàn)的占有欲,都不會產(chǎn)生自豪。只有那些受你影響、被你改變過的人和事,才會讓你產(chǎn)生自豪。
在貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室待了9年后,我決定離開這個溫暖舒適的象牙塔,走進(jìn)我眼中的?真實(shí)世界?——大學(xué)。我對貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的看法,可以引用Mary Poppins的話,?實(shí)際上十全十美?。但是,我想離開那種僅僅是科學(xué)論文的生活。我要去教書,培育我自己在科學(xué)上的后代。
我在斯坦福大學(xué)有一個好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是從伯克利分校去了貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室,幾年前又離開貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室去了斯坦福大學(xué)。他對我們的動機(jī)做出了最佳描述: ?在大學(xué)工作,最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是學(xué)生。他們生機(jī)勃勃,充滿熱情,思想自由,還沒被生活的重壓改變。雖然他們自己沒有意識到,但是他們是這個社會中你能找到的最佳受眾。如果生命中只有一段時間是思想自由和充滿創(chuàng)造力,那么那段時間就是你在讀大學(xué)。進(jìn)校時,學(xué)生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑,漸漸地,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)課本和教授并不是無所不知的,于是他們開始獨(dú)立思考。從那時起,就是我開始向他們學(xué)習(xí)了。?
我教過的學(xué)生、帶過的博士后、合作過的年輕同事,都非常優(yōu)秀。他們中有30多人,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是教授了。他們所在的研究機(jī)構(gòu)有不少是全世界第一流的,其中就包括哈佛大學(xué)。我從他們身上學(xué)到了很多東西。即使現(xiàn)在,我偶爾還會周末上網(wǎng),向現(xiàn)在還從事生物物理學(xué)研究的學(xué)生請教。
我懷著回報社會的想法,開始了教學(xué)生涯。我的一生中,得到的多于我付出的,所以我要回報社會。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。首先我要講一個了不起的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn),以及由此帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)。它是一個戰(zhàn)斗的號令,到了做出改變的時候了。
過去幾十年中,我們的氣候一直在發(fā)生變化。氣候變化并不是現(xiàn)在才有的,過去60萬年中就發(fā)生了6次冰河期。但是,現(xiàn)在的測量表明氣候變化加速了。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小,只相當(dāng)于50年前的一半。1870年起,人們開始測量海平面上升的速度,現(xiàn)在的速度是那時的5倍。一個重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)就這樣產(chǎn)生了??茖W(xué)第一次在人類歷史上,預(yù)測出我們的行為對50~100年后的世界有何影響。這些變化的原因是,從工業(yè)革命開始,人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加了。這使得地球的平均氣溫上升了0.8攝氏度。即使我們立刻停止所有溫室氣體的排放,氣溫仍然將比過去上升大約1度。因?yàn)樵跉鉁剡_(dá)到均衡前,海水溫度的上升將持續(xù)幾十年。
如果全世界保持現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式不變,聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)預(yù)測,本世紀(jì)末將有50%的可能,氣溫至少上升5度。這聽起來好像不多,但是讓我來提醒你,上一次的冰河期,地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。那時,俄亥俄州和費(fèi)城以下的大部分美國和加拿大的土地,都終年被冰川覆蓋。氣溫上升5度的地球,將是一個非常不同的地球。由于變化來得太快,包括人類在內(nèi)的許多生物,都將很難適應(yīng)。比如,有人告訴我,在更溫暖的環(huán)境中,昆蟲的個頭將變大。我不知道現(xiàn)在身旁嗡嗡叫的這只大蒼蠅,是不是就是前兆。
我們還面臨另一個幽靈,那就是非線性的?氣候引爆點(diǎn)?,這會帶來許多嚴(yán)重得多的變化。?氣候引爆點(diǎn)?的一個例子就是永久凍土層的融化。永久凍土層經(jīng)過千萬年的累積形成,其中包含了巨量的凍僵的有機(jī)物。如果凍土融化,微生物就將廣泛繁殖,使得凍土層中的有機(jī)物快速腐爛。冷凍后的生物和冷凍前的生物,它們在生物學(xué)特性上的差異,我們都很熟悉。在冷庫中,冷凍食品在經(jīng)過長時間保存后,依然可以食用。但是,一旦解凍,食品很快就腐爛了。一個腐爛的永久凍土層,將釋放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被釋放出來,可能也比我們從工業(yè)革命開始釋放出來的所有溫室氣體還要多。這種事情一旦發(fā)生,局勢就失控了。
氣候問題是我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在無意中帶來的后果。我們太依賴化石能源,冬天取暖,夏天制冷,夜間照明,長途旅行,環(huán)球觀光。能源是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的基礎(chǔ),我們不可能放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。美國人口占全世界的3%,但是我們消耗全世界25%的能源。與此形成對照,全世界還有16億人沒有電,數(shù)億人依靠燃燒樹枝和動物糞便來煮飯。發(fā)展中國家的人民享受不到我們的生活,但是他們都看在眼里,他們渴望擁有我們擁有的東西。
這就是新的挑戰(zhàn)。全世界作為一個整體,我們到底愿意付出多少,來緩和氣候變化?這種變化在100年前,根本沒人想到過。代際責(zé)任深深植根于所有文化中。家長努力工作,為了讓他們的孩子有更好的生活。氣候變化將影響整個世界,但是我們的天性使得我們只關(guān)心個人家庭的福利。我們能不能把全世界看作一個整體?能不能為未來的人們承擔(dān)起責(zé)任?
雖然我憂心忡忡,但是還是對未來抱樂觀態(tài)度,這個問題將會得到解決。我同意出任勞倫斯?伯克利國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任,部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科學(xué)家,來研究氣候變化的對策。我在那里干了4年半,是這個實(shí)驗(yàn)室78年的歷史中,任期最短的主任,但是當(dāng)我離任時,在伯克利實(shí)驗(yàn)室和伯克利分校,一些非常激動人心的能源研究機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)建立起來了。
能夠成為奧巴馬施政團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員,我感到極其榮幸。如果有一個時機(jī),可以引導(dǎo)美國和全世界走上可持續(xù)能源的道路,那么這個時機(jī)就是現(xiàn)在??偨y(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)出信息,未來并非在劫難逃,而是樂觀的,我們依然有機(jī)會。我也抱有這種樂觀主義。我們面前的任務(wù)令人生畏,但是我們能夠并且將會成功。
我們已經(jīng)有了一些答案,可以立竿見影地節(jié)約能源和提高能源使用效率。它們不是掛在枝頭的水果,而是已經(jīng)成熟掉在地上了,就看我們愿不愿意撿起來。比如,我們有辦法將樓宇的耗電減少80%,增加的投資在15年內(nèi)就可以收回來。樓宇的耗電占我們能源消費(fèi)的40%,節(jié)能樓宇的推廣將使我們二氧化碳的釋放減少三分之一。
我們正在加速美國這座巨大的創(chuàng)新機(jī)器,這將是下一次美國大繁榮的基礎(chǔ)。我們將大量投資有效利用太陽能、風(fēng)能、核能的新方法,大量投資能夠捕獲和隔離電廠廢氣中的二氧化碳的方法。先進(jìn)的生物燃料和電力汽車將使得我們不再那么依賴外國的石油。
在未來的幾十年中,我們幾乎肯定會面對更高的油價和更嚴(yán)厲的二氧化碳排放政策。這是一場新的工業(yè)革命,美國有機(jī)會充當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。偉大的冰球選手Wayne Gretzky被問到,他如何在冰上跑位,回答說:?我滑向球下一步的位置,而不是它現(xiàn)在的位置。?美國也應(yīng)該這樣做。
奧巴馬政府正在為美國的繁榮和可持續(xù)能源,打下新的基礎(chǔ)。但是我們還有很多不知道的地方。這就需要你們的參與。在本次演講中,我請求在座各位哈佛畢業(yè)生加入我們。你們是我們未來的智力領(lǐng)袖,請花時間加深理解目前的危險局勢,然后采取相應(yīng)的行動。你們是未來的科學(xué)家和工程師,我要求你們給我們更好的技術(shù)方案。你們是未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治學(xué)家,我要求你們創(chuàng)造更好的政策選擇。你們是未來的企業(yè)家,我要求你們將可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為你們業(yè)務(wù)中不可分割的一部分。
最后,你們是人道主義者,我要求你們?yōu)榱巳说乐髁x說話。氣候變化帶來的最殘酷的諷刺之一,就是最受傷害的人,恰恰就是最無辜的人——那些世界上最窮的人們和那些還沒有出生的人。
這個最后樂章的完結(jié)部是引用兩個人道主義者的話。第一段引語來自馬丁〃路德〃金。這是1967年他對越南戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束的評論,但是看上去非常適合用來評論今天的氣候危機(jī)。
?我呼吁全世界的人們團(tuán)結(jié)一心,拋棄種族、膚色、階級、國籍的隔閡;我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。你會因此遭受誤解和誤讀,信奉尼采哲學(xué)的世人會認(rèn)定你是一個軟弱和膽怯的懦夫。但是,這是人類存在下去的絕對必需?!业呐笥?,眼前的事實(shí)就是,明天就是今天。此刻,我們面臨最緊急的情況。在變幻莫測的生活和歷史之中,有一樣?xùn)|西叫做悔之晚矣。?
第二段引語來自威廉〃??思{。1950年12月10月,他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發(fā)表演說,談到了世界在核戰(zhàn)爭的陰影之下,人道主義者應(yīng)該扮演什么樣的角色。
?我相信人類不會僅僅存在,他還將勝利。人類是不朽的,這不是因?yàn)槿f物當(dāng)中僅僅他擁有發(fā)言權(quán),而是因?yàn)樗幸粋€靈魂,一種有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐力的精神。詩人、作家的責(zé)任就是書寫這種精神。他們有權(quán)力升華人類的心靈,使人類回憶起過去曾經(jīng)使他無比光榮的東西——勇氣、榮譽(yù)、希望、自尊、同情、憐憫和犧牲。?
各位同學(xué),你們在我們的未來中扮演舉足輕重的角色。當(dāng)你們追求個人的志向時,我希望你們也會發(fā)揚(yáng)奉獻(xiàn)精神,積極發(fā)聲,在大大小小各個方面幫助改進(jìn)這個世界。這會給你們帶來最大的滿足感。
最后,請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。希望你們成功,也希望你們保護(hù)和拯救我們這個星球,為了你們的孩子,以及未來所有的孩子。