第一篇：TED演講：1000個快樂的理由

TED演講：1000個快樂的理由

So the Awesome story: It begins about 40 years ago, when my mom and my dad came to Canada.My mom left Nairobi, Kenya.My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar, India.And they got here in the late 1960s.They settled in a shady suburb about an hour east of Toronto, and they settled into a new life.They saw their first dentist, they ate their first hamburger, and they had their first kids.My sister and I grew up here, and we had quiet, happy childhoods.We had close family, good friends, a quiet street.We grew up taking for granted a lot of the things that my parents couldn't take for granted when they grew up--things like power always on in our houses, things like schools across the street and hospitals down the road and popsicles in the backyard.We grew up, and we grew older.I went to high school.I graduated.I moved out of the house, I got a job, I found a girl, I settled down--and I realize it sounds like a bad sitcom or a Cat Stevens' song--

(Laughter)

but life was pretty good.Life was pretty good.2006 was a great year.Under clear blue skies in July in the wine region of Ontario, I got married, surrounded by 150 family and friends.2007 was a great year.I graduated from school, and I went on a road trip with two of my closest friends.Here's a picture of me and my friend, Chris, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.We actually saw seals out of our car window, and we pulled over to take a quick picture of them and then blocked them with our giant heads.(Laughter)So you can't actually see them, but it was breathtaking, believe me.(Laughter)2008 and 2009 were a little tougher.I know that they were tougher for a lot of people, not just me.First of all, the news was so heavy.It's still heavy now, and it was heavy before that, but when you flipped open a newspaper, when you turned on the TV, it was about ice caps melting, wars going on around the world, earthquakes, hurricanes and an economy that was wobbling on the brink of collapse, and then eventually did collapse, and so many of us losing our homes, or our jobs, or our retirements, or our livelihoods.2008, 2009 were heavy years for me for another reason, too.I was going through a lot of personal problems at the time.My marriage wasn't going well, and we just were growing further and further apart.One day my wife came home from work and summoned the courage, through a lot of tears, to have a very honest conversation.And she said, “I don't love you anymore,” and it was one of the most painful things I'd ever heard and certainly the most heartbreaking thing I'd ever heard, until only a month later, when I heard something even more heartbreaking.My friend Chris, who I just showed you a picture of, had been battling mental illness for some time.And for those of you whose lives have been touched by mental illness, you know how challenging it can be.I spoke to him on the phone at 10:30 p.m.on a Sunday night.We talked about the TV show we watched that evening.And Monday morning, I found out that he disappeared.Very sadly, he took his own life.And it was a really heavy time.And as these dark clouds were circling me, and I was finding it really, really difficult to think of anything good, I said to myself that I really needed a way to focus on the positive somehow.So I came home from work one night, and I logged onto the computer, and I started up a tiny website called 1000awesomethings.com.I was trying to remind myself of the simple, universal, little pleasures that we all love, but we just don't talk about enough--things like waiters and waitresses who bring you free refills without asking, being the first table to get called up to the dinner buffet at a wedding, wearing warm underwear from just out of the dryer, or when cashiers open up a new check-out lane at the grocery store and you get to be first in line--even if you were last at the other line, swoop right in there.(Laughter)And slowly over time, I started putting myself in a better mood.I mean, 50,000 blogs are started a day, and so my blog was just one of those 50,000.And nobody read it except for my mom.Although I should say that my traffic did skyrocket and go up by 100 percent when she forwarded it to my dad.(Laughter)And then I got excited when it started getting tens of hits, and then I started getting excited when it started getting dozens and then hundreds and then thousands and then millions.It started getting bigger and bigger and bigger.And then I got a phone call, and the voice at the other end of the line said, “You've just won the Best Blog In the World award.” I was like, that sounds totally fake.(Laughter)(Applause)Which African country do you want me to wire all my money to?(Laughter)But it turns out, I jumped on a plane, and I ended up walking a red carpet between Sarah Silverman and Jimmy Fallon and Martha Stewart.And I went onstage to accept a Webby award for Best Blog.And the surprise and just the amazement of that was only overshadowed by my return to Toronto, when, in my inbox, 10 literary agents were waiting for me to talk about putting this into a book.Flash-forward to the next year and “The Book of Awesome” has now been number one on the bestseller list for 20 straight weeks.(Applause)

But look, I said I wanted to do three things with you today.I said I wanted to tell you the Awesome story, I wanted to share with you the three As of Awesome, and I wanted to leave you with a closing thought.So let's talk about those three As.Over the last few years, I haven't had that much time to really think.But lately I have had the opportunity to take a step back and ask myself: “What is it over the last few years that helped me grow my website, but also grow myself?” And I've summarized those things, for me personally, as three As.They are Attitude, Awareness and Authenticity.I'd love to just talk about each one briefly.So Attitude: Look, we're all going to get lumps, and we're all going to get bumps.None of us can predict the future, but we do know one thing about it and that's that it ain't gonna go according to plan.We will all have high highs and big days and proud moments of smiles on graduation stages, father-daughter dances at weddings and healthy babies screeching in the delivery room, but between those high highs, we may also have some lumps and some bumps too.It's sad, and it's not pleasant to talk about, but your husband might leave you, your girlfriend could cheat, your headaches might be more serious than you thought, or your dog could get hit by a car on the street.It's not a happy thought, but your kids could get mixed up in gangs or bad scenes.Your mom could get cancer, your dad could get mean.And there are times in life when you will be tossed in the well, too, with twists in your stomach and with holes in your heart, and when that bad news washes over you, and when that pain sponges and soaks in, I just really hope you feel like you've always got two choices.One, you can swirl and twirl and gloom and doom forever, or two, you can grieve and then face the future with newly sober eyes.Having a great attitude is about choosing option number two, and choosing, no matter how difficult it is, no matter what pain hits you, choosing to move forward and move on and take baby steps into the future.The second “A” is Awareness.I love hanging out with three year-olds.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.I love the way that they can stare at a bug crossing the sidewalk.I love the way that they'll stare slack-jawed at their first baseball game with wide eyes and a mitt on their hand, soaking in the crack of the bat and the crunch of the peanuts and the smell of the hotdogs.I love the way that they'll spend hours picking dandelions in the backyard and putting them into a nice centerpiece for Thanksgiving dinner.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.Having a sense of awareness is just about embracing your inner three year-old.Because you all used to be three years old.That three-year-old boy is still part of you.That three-year-old girl is still part of you.They're in there.And being aware is just about remembering that you saw everything you've seen for the first time once, too.So there was a time when it was your first time ever hitting a string of green lights on the way home from work.There was the first time you walked by the open door of a bakery and smelt the bakery air, or the first time you pulled a 20-dollar bill out of your old jacket pocket and said, “Found money.”

The last “A” is Authenticity.And for this one, I want to tell you a quick story.Let's go all the way back to 1932 when, on a peanut farm in Georgia, a little baby boy named Roosevelt Grier was born.Roosevelt Grier, or Rosey Grier, as people used to call him, grew up and grew into a 300-pound, six-foot-five linebacker in the NFL.He's number 76 in the picture.Here he is pictured with the “fearsome foursome.” These were four guys on the L.A.Rams in the 1960s you did not want to go up against.They were tough football players doing what they love, which was crushing skulls and separating shoulders on the football field.But Rosey Grier also had another passion.In his deeply authentic self, he also loved needlepoint.(Laughter)He loved knitting.He said that it calmed him down, it relaxed him, it took away his fear of flying and helped him meet chicks.That's what he said.I mean, he loved it so much that, after he retired from the NFL, he started joining clubs.And he even put out a book called “Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men.”(Laughter)(Applause)It's a great cover.If you notice, he's actually needlepointing his own face.(Laughter)

And so what I love about this story is that Rosey Grier is just such an authentic person, and that's what authenticity is all about.It's just about being you and being cool with that.And I think when you're authentic, you end up following your heart, and you put yourself in places and situations and in conversations that you love and that you enjoy.You meet people that you like talking to.You go places you've dreamt about.And you end you end up following your heart and feeling very fulfilled.So those are the three A's.For the closing thought, I want to take you all the way back to my parents coming to Canada.I don't know what it would feel like coming to a new country when you're in your mid-20s.I don't know, because I never did it, but I would imagine that it would take a great attitude.I would imagine that you'd have to be pretty aware of your surroundings and appreciating the small wonders that you're starting to see in your new world.And I think you'd have to be really authentic, you'd have to be really true to yourself in order to get through what you're being exposed to.I'd like to pause my TEDTalk for about 10 seconds right now, because you don't get many opportunities in life to do something like this, and my parents are sitting in the front row.So I wanted to ask them to, if they don't mind, stand up.And I just wanted to say thank you to you guys.(Applause)When I was growing up, my dad used to love telling the story of his first day in Canada.And it's a great story, because what happened was he got off the plane at the Toronto airport, and he was welcomed by a non-profit group, which I'm sure someone in this room runs.(Laughter)And this non-profit group had a big welcoming lunch for all the new immigrants to Canada.And my dad says he got off the plane and he went to this lunch and there was this huge spread.There was bread, there was those little, mini dill pickles, there was olives, those little white onions.There was rolled up turkey cold cuts, rolled up ham cold cuts, rolled up roast beef cold cuts and little cubes of cheese.There was tuna salad sandwiches and egg salad sandwiches and salmon salad sandwiches.There was lasagna, there was casseroles, there was brownies, there was butter tarts, and there was pies, lots and lots of pies.And when my dad tells the story, he says, “The craziest thing was, I'd never seen any of that before, except bread.(Laughter)I didn't know what was meat, what was vegetarian.I was eating olives with pie.(Laughter)I just couldn't believe how many things you can get here.”

(Laughter)

When I was five years old, my dad used to take me grocery shopping, and he would stare in wonder at the little stickers that are on the fruits and vegetables.He would say, “Look, can you believe they have a mango here from Mexico? They've got an apple here from South Africa.Can you believe they've got a date from Morocco?” He's like, “Do you know where Morocco even is?” And I'd say, “I'm five.I don't even know where I am.Is this A&P?” And he'd say, “I don't know where Morocco is either, but let's find out.” And so we'd buy the date, and we'd go home.And we'd actually take an atlas off the shelf, and we'd flip through until we found this mysterious country.And when we did, my dad would say, “Can you believe someone climbed a tree over there, picked this thing off it, put it in a truck, drove it all the way to the docks and then sailed it all the way across the Atlantic Ocean and then put it in another truck and drove that all the way to a tiny grocery store just outside our house, so they could sell it to us for 25 cents?” And I'd say, “I don't believe that.” And he's like, “I don't believe it either.Things are amazing.There's just so many things to be happy about.” When I stop to think about it, he's absolutely right.There are so many things to be happy about.We are the only species on the only life-giving rock in the entire universe that we've ever seen, capable of experiencing so many of these things.I mean, we're the only ones with architecture and agriculture.We're the only ones with jewelry and democracy.We've got airplanes, highway lanes, interior design and horoscope signs.We've got fashion magazines, house party scenes.You can watch a horror movie with monsters.You can go to a concert and hear guitars jamming.We've got books, buffets and radio waves, wedding brides and rollercoaster rides.You can sleep in clean sheets.You can go to the movies and get good seats.You can smell bakery air, walk around with rain hair, pop bubble wrap or take an illegal nap.We've got all that, but we've only got 100 years to enjoy it.And that's the sad part.The cashiers at your grocery store, the foreman at your plant, the guy tailgating you home on the highway, the telemarketer calling you during dinner, every teacher you've ever had, everyone that's ever woken up beside you, every politician in every country, every actor in every movie, every single person in your family, everyone you love, everyone in this room and you will be dead in a hundred years.Life is so great that we only get such a short time to experience and enjoy all those tiny little moments that make it so sweet.And that moment is right now, and those moments are counting down, and those moments are always, always, always fleeting.You will never be as young as you are right now.And that's why I believe that if you live your life with a great attitude, choosing to move forward and move on whenever life deals you a blow, living with a sense of awareness of the world around you, embracing your inner three year-old and seeing the tiny joys that make life so sweet and being authentic to yourself, being you and being cool with that, letting your heart lead you and putting yourself in experiences that satisfy you, then I think you'll live a life that is rich and is satisfying, and I think you'll live a life that is truly awesome.Thank you.

第二篇：TED演講觀后感—為什么快樂

TED—Why We Are Happy 觀后感

情緒有多種多樣，如果非要形容，一天結束我們總可以在快樂和不快樂間做出選擇。很多人都自然的把自己的情緒歸結于所經(jīng)歷的事，所處的外部環(huán)境，幾乎沒人會想起我們自己才是情緒的制造者。

Doctor發(fā)現(xiàn)——Happiness can be synthesized。很多人都認為natural happiness和synthesized happiness中明顯后者是次等品，因為前者是我們得到了自己本來就很渴望的事物，而后者是帶著笑容面具接受并不使自己十分滿意的事物。表面上看，或許natural happiness更勝一籌，但研究表明，synthesized happiness往往更加持久有效。

當大家產生合成快樂的時候，他們是真正的、從心中改變接受了對于這些事物的看法，同時自身審美也在原來基礎上發(fā)生了變化，只是大家沒有意識到合成的快樂在什么時候對自身產生了效果。舉個貼近大家的例子，爸爸去哪兒是最近熱播的綜藝，里面一個重要的環(huán)節(jié)就是選房子，房子本身的美丑好壞顯而易見，前幾期寶貝們總會因為選到壞房子而沮喪、苦惱、不平衡，但是經(jīng)過大人們的引導，他們會漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)其中擁有的“美麗”風景，可能這些本身都只是為了安慰他們的方式，但最后孩子們就會真的會去接受并喜歡上這些房子，甚至到最后幾期，他們會明顯的取選擇這些差房子。天真的寶貝們是不會去考慮節(jié)目效果或者觀眾口評的，他們選擇因為他們喜歡。所以說，很多時候美由心生。如果你總是發(fā)現(xiàn)身邊有太多的不滿意，不妨先抹去眼前的塵埃，懷著快樂的心情去看看周圍的風景。

Adam Smith（現(xiàn)代資本主義之父）曾說——人生中的悲劇與無序之源，似乎都來自于人們過高地評估某種時局，誠然，某些時局趨勢高于人們的追求，但是，不管這種追求有多大的合理性，我們都不可能因為這種癡情的追求而打破謹慎公正的法則，亦或我們未來的心（The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life seems to arise from overrating the difference between one permanent situation and another.Some of these situations may，no doubt，deserve to be preferred to others，but none of them can deserve to be pursued with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules either of prudence or of justice，or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds）。生活中去是存在某些事物比某些事物更有價值，我們也確實應該追求價值更高的事物，但如果我們過分地看重這兩種事物之間的區(qū)別而過分地追逐我們想要的東西的時候，很可能會因為忽略初心而變得盲目，甚至是犧牲真正有價值的東西而被畏懼所控制，從而變得謹小慎微、患得患失，當這種畏懼積累膨脹時，我們就能會變得或者魯莽大意，或者單小如鼠。當我們不是無節(jié)制的追求，我們反而可以生活得很快樂，我們可以通過選擇，或者自己產生出自己不斷追求的目標。

第三篇：TED演講

綠色未來（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。從本周開始，我們將開展“TED演講主題介紹”系列，陸續(xù)為大家介紹TED演講的各類主題，方便大家更快地找到自己喜歡的TED演講。眾所周知，TED剛剛創(chuàng)辦時的焦點是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娛樂）和Design（設計）三方面。但隨著TED的成長和知名度的增加，TED演講所涵蓋的行業(yè)也越來越廣泛。為了確保讀者們不會在大量的演講中迷失了方向，TED網(wǎng)站貼心地將所有的演講分門別類，歸納到不同的主題中，既方便讀者們針對自己感興趣的內容有選擇地觀看演講，也便于大家觀看和某一演講相關的其他內容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地將已翻譯好的主題簡介帶給大家，并為大家推薦相關主題下的已翻譯演講、待翻譯演講和待校對演講。

本周為大家介紹的主題是–A Greener Future? 綠色未來

該主題在TED的網(wǎng)址是:

在TEDtoChina的網(wǎng)址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主題簡介

關于環(huán)境的辯論通常被定性為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和保護地球這兩種勢力間的較量。然而，大多數(shù)TED演講者堅持魚和熊掌可以兼得的觀點——只要我們在處理環(huán)境問題時足夠聰明。

阿爾·戈爾作為宣傳氣候危機的領軍人，堅持人類可以通過細微處的改進以在避免災難的同時保持經(jīng)濟的活躍發(fā)展。建筑師威廉·麥克多納向人們展現(xiàn)了偉大設計的力量，它作用在整個文明體系上，而不僅僅是針對局部領域，并能持久地擔負起豐富的未來。馬約拉·卡特談及了她為曾陷入腐化的的紐約南布隆克斯區(qū)帶來綠色生機的工程。

愛德華·伯汀斯基關于環(huán)境損害和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的異常精致的攝影作品記錄了人類發(fā)展從未停滯的腳步。而生物學家愛德華·奧斯伯·威爾森向我們分享了他最大的心愿——人類社會團結起來保護地球上的生命。

◎ 演講者推薦

阿爾·戈爾(Al Gore)：美國政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年間在比爾·克林頓掌政時擔任美國第四十五任副總統(tǒng)。其后升為一名國際上著名的環(huán)境學家，由

于在環(huán)球氣候變化與環(huán)境問題上的貢獻受到國際的肯定，因而與政府間氣候變化專門委員會共同獲得2007諾貝爾和平獎。

珍·古道爾(Jane Goodall)：英國生物學家、動物行為學家和著名動物保育人士。珍·古道爾長期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得豐碩成果。她的工作糾正了許多學術界對黑猩猩這一物種長期以來的錯誤認識，揭示了許多黑猩猩社群中鮮為人知的秘密。除了對黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道爾還熱心投身于環(huán)境教育和公益事業(yè)，由她創(chuàng)建并管理的珍·古道爾研究會（國際珍古道爾協(xié)會）是著名民間動物保育機構，在促進黑猩猩保育、推廣動物福利、推進環(huán)境和人道主義教育等領域進行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道爾研究會創(chuàng)立的根與芽是目前全球最活躍的面向青年的環(huán)境教育計劃之一。由于珍·古道爾在黑猩猩研究和環(huán)境教育等領域的杰出貢獻，她在 1995年獲英國女王伊麗莎白二世榮封為皇家女爵士，在2002年獲頒聯(lián)合國和平使者。

（演講者簡介來自維基百科）

◎ 部分已翻譯演講（簡體中文）推薦：

1.阿爾·戈爾關于避免氣候危機的演講

“此次演講流露出的幽默感和人道主義跟在他的紀錄電影”難以忽視的真相“如出一轍，戈爾闡明了15種應對氣候危機立馬有效的方法而且簡單易行，從購買混合動力產品到發(fā)明新產品替代碳排放產品，使“全球溫室效應”更加深入人心。”

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改變世界”（Worldchanging.com）網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)建人，他在這個演講中指出，減低人類生態(tài)足跡在當下之意義尤為巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式將不能推廣到發(fā)展中國家，因為那樣將消耗大量的資源。(因為西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推廣到發(fā)展中國家，進一步加劇著資源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修復雨林

透過復雜的生態(tài)學，生物學家Willie Smits發(fā)掘一個重新植林的快捷方式，在婆羅洲救回了許多棲息于當?shù)氐募t毛猩猩，進而創(chuàng)造出一個得以修復脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的藍圖。

4.William McDonough 談「從搖籃到搖籃」理念

致力于環(huán)保的建筑師兼設計師 William McDonough 問，如果設計師心系所有子孫、所有物種、直到永遠，我們的建筑及產品會是什么樣子？

5.查爾斯·摩爾：塑料充斥的海洋

查爾斯·摩爾船長是Algalita海洋研究基金會的創(chuàng)始人，他第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了大太平洋垃圾帶——一片無邊無際漂浮著塑料垃圾的海域。現(xiàn)在，他為我們講述大海面臨的日益嚴重的塑料碎片污染問題。

◎ 待校對演講（簡體中文）推薦

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是這個星期的TED主題介紹。希望大家能從上面的演講中有所收獲。大家也可以點擊這里的網(wǎng)址來查看所有該主題下演講的翻譯進度（簡體中文和繁體中文）。

如果大家對此專欄有何建議的話，歡迎大家在下面留言，或是電郵至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我們下期再見。

第四篇：Ted演講

Ralph Langner談21世紀電子武器Stuxnet揭密

關于這場演講

Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲于2010年首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶來了令人費解的謎團。除了它不尋常且高度復雜的編碼以外，還隱藏著一個更令人不安的謎團：它的攻擊目標。Ralph Langner及其團隊協(xié)助破解Stuxnet編碼，找出這個數(shù)字彈頭的最終攻擊目標－以及其幕后源頭。經(jīng)使用計算機數(shù)字鑒識方法深入檢視后，他解釋了其運作原理。

關于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德國控制系統(tǒng)的安全顧問。他對Stuxnet惡意軟件的分析受到全球矚目。

為什么要聽他演講

Ralph Langner為獨立網(wǎng)絡安全公司Langner的領導者，專營控制系統(tǒng)－監(jiān)控和調控其它設備的電子裝置，如生產設備。這些裝置與運作我們城市和國家的基礎設施有密切關系，這使它們逐漸成為一場新興且具高度復雜型態(tài)的電子戰(zhàn)爭攻擊目標。自2010年起，當Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲首次現(xiàn)身時，Langner堅決地投身于這個戰(zhàn)場。

身為致力于譯碼這個神秘程序的一份子，Langner和他的團隊分析Stuxnet的數(shù)據(jù)結構，并找出他認為其最終的攻擊目標：運行于核工廠離心機的控制系統(tǒng)軟件－特別是伊朗的核工廠。Langner進一步分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)Stuxnet可能的幕后源頭，并于TED2011演講中透露這個秘密。

Ralph Langner的英語網(wǎng)上資料

網(wǎng)站：Langner

[TED科技?娛樂?設計]

已有中譯字幕的TED影片目錄（繁體）（簡體）。請注意繁簡目錄是不一樣的。

Ralph Langner談21世紀電子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲背后的想法其實很簡單，我們不希望伊朗造出原子彈，他們發(fā)展核武器的主要資產是納坦茲的濃縮鈾工廠，你們看到的灰色方塊是實時控制系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)在，如果我們設法破壞控制速度和閥門的驅動系統(tǒng)，我們事實上可以使離心機產生很多問題。這些灰色方塊無法執(zhí)行Windows軟件，兩者是完全不同的技術，但如果我們設法將一個有效的Windows病毒放進一臺筆記本電腦里，由一位機械工程師操作，設定這個灰色方塊，那么我們就可以著手進行了，這就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此，我們從Windows釋放程序開始，讓病毒載體進入灰色方塊中，破壞離心機，延遲伊朗的核計劃，任務完成，很簡單，對吧？我想說明我們是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)這個的，當我們在半年前開始研究Stuxnet時，對這個東西的攻擊目標一無所知，唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常復雜，釋放程序部份使用多個零日漏洞，它似乎想要做些什么，用這些灰色方塊，這些實時控制系統(tǒng)，因此，這引起我們的注意，我們開始了一個實驗計劃，我們用Stuxnet感染我們的系統(tǒng)并審視結果，然后一些非常有趣的事發(fā)生了。Stuxnet表現(xiàn)得像只白老鼠，不喜歡我們的奶酪，聞一聞，但不想吃。這根本沒道里。之后，我們用不同口味的奶酪進行實驗，我意識到，哦，這是一個直接攻擊，完全直接的。釋放程序在這些灰

色方塊中有效的潛伏著，如果它發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個特定程序組態(tài)，甚至是它正試圖感染的程序，它都會確實針對這個目標執(zhí)行，如果沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以這真的引起了我的注意，我們開始進行這方面的工作，幾乎日以繼夜，因為我想，好吧，我們不知道它的目標是什么，很可能的，比方說美國的發(fā)電廠，或德國的化工廠，所以我們最好盡快找出目標。因此，我們抽出攻擊代碼并進行反編譯，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的結構由兩個數(shù)字炸彈組成，一個較小、一個較大。我們也看到，這是非常專業(yè)的設計，由顯然知道所有內幕信息的人編寫，他們知道所有必需攻擊的位和字節(jié)，搞不好他們還知道控制員的鞋子尺寸，因此他們什么都知道。

如果你曾聽過Stuxnet的釋放程序，是復雜、高科技的，讓我跟你們說明一下。病毒本身是很高科技沒錯，比我們曾見過的任何編碼都高深，這是這個實際攻擊代碼的樣本，我們談論的是大概15,000行的代碼，看起來很像舊式的匯編語言。我想告訴你們的是，我們如何能夠理解這段代碼，所以，我們首先要尋找的是系統(tǒng)的函數(shù)調用，因為我們知道它們的作用是什么。

然后，我們尋找時間控制器和數(shù)據(jù)結構，試圖將其與真實世界連結起來，尋找現(xiàn)實世界中的潛在目標，因此我們必需進行目標推測，以便確認或排除。為了找到推測目標，我們想到，它必定具有絕對破壞性，必定是一個高價值目標，最可能設置在伊朗，因為這是大部份感染發(fā)生的地點。在這區(qū)域內你不會找到幾千個目標，基本上范圍可以縮小為布什爾核電廠及納坦茲濃縮鈾工廠。

所以我告訴我的助手，“列出我們客戶中所有離心機和核電廠專家的名單”，我打電話給他們，聽取他們的意見，努力用我們在代碼和數(shù)據(jù)中的發(fā)現(xiàn)與他們的專業(yè)知識做對照。這很有效，因此，我們找出了這個小數(shù)字彈頭與轉子控制的關聯(lián)，轉子是離心機內部的運轉零件，就是你們看到的這個黑色物體，如果控制這個轉子的速度，事實上你就能使轉子損壞，甚至最后使離心機爆炸。我們也看到了這次攻擊的目標，實際上進行的相當緩慢、低調，顯然為了達成目標，快把維修工程師逼瘋了，因為他們無法迅速找出答案。

這個大數(shù)字彈頭－我們做過嘗試，非常仔細檢查數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)結構，因此，例如數(shù)字164在這些代碼中確實很突出，你不能忽視它。我開始研究科學文獻，這些離心機如何在納坦茲組建，并找出它們的結構，就是所謂的層級。每個層級由164臺離心機組成，這就說的通了，與我們的結果匹配。

而它甚至更有幫助。這些在伊朗的離心機細分為15種所謂的等級，你猜我們在攻擊代碼中發(fā)現(xiàn)什么？一個幾乎相同的結構。所以，同樣的，這與結果完美匹配，就我們所尋找的東西來說，這給了我們相當大的信心。別誤解我的意思，不是像這樣彈指之間，為了獲致這些成果，歷經(jīng)幾星期相當艱苦的奮斗，我們常常走進死胡同，必需重新來過。

總之，我們找到了這兩個數(shù)字彈頭，實際上是針對同一個目標，但從不同角度。小彈頭對準一個層級，讓轉子加速旋轉然后急遽減速，而大彈頭影響六個層級并操縱閥門，總之，我們非常有信心，我們已經(jīng)確認目標是什么，是納坦茲，就只有納坦茲。因此，我們不必擔心其它目標可能被Stuxnet攻擊。

我們看到一些非常酷的東西，真的讓我印象深刻。下方是灰色方塊，頂端你們看到的是離心機，這些東西所做的是攔截來自傳感器的輸入值，例如，來自壓力傳感器和振動傳感器的，它提供正常代碼，在攻擊中依然執(zhí)行，用的是假的輸入數(shù)

據(jù)。事實上，這個假的輸入數(shù)據(jù)是Stuxnet事先錄制的，因此，這就像來自好萊塢電影的搶劫過程中，監(jiān)視器被放入預錄的影片，酷吧？

這里的想法顯然不僅是愚弄控制室中的操作者，實際上更加危險且更具攻擊性，這個想法是規(guī)避數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)。我們需要數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)，當一位人類操作員的行動不夠快時，因此，例如在一座核電廠中，當一臺大蒸汽渦輪機嚴重超速時，你必須在一毫秒內打開泄壓閥。顯然，一位人類操作員辦不到，因此，這就是我們需要使用數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)之處。當它們被破壞，真正糟糕的事就會發(fā)生了，你的工廠會爆炸，無論你的操作員或安全系統(tǒng)都無法注意到這一點，這很可怕。

但還會更糟。我要說的這些相當重要，想想看，這種攻擊是一般性的，它沒什么特定性，對離心機來說，還有濃縮鈾，因此，它也會作用于，例如一座核電廠或一座汽車工廠，它是通用的，你不需要－身為攻擊者，你不需要藉由USB裝置傳遞這個病毒載體，如我們在Stuxnet例子中看到的，你也可以使用傳統(tǒng)的蠕蟲病毒技術的來散播，盡可能傳播四方。如果你這么做，最終它會變成具大規(guī)模破壞性的網(wǎng)絡武器，這是我們必然會面臨的后果。所以，不幸的是，這種攻擊最大量的目標并不是在中東，而是在美國、歐洲和日本。因此，所有這些綠色區(qū)域就是遭受最多攻擊的目標，我們必須面對這個后果，我們最好現(xiàn)在開始做準備。

謝謝。

（掌聲）

Chris Anderson：我有個問題，Ralph，這件事已廣為人知，人們認為摩薩德（以色列情報機構）是幕后的主要推手，你也這么認為嗎？

Ralph Langner：好，你真的想知道嗎？

Chris Anderson：是啊!

Ralph Langner：好，我的看法是，摩薩德有參與，但以色列并非領導勢力。因此，背后的主導力量是網(wǎng)絡超級大國，只有一個，就是美國。幸好、幸好，因為如果不是這樣，我們的問題可能更大。

CA：謝謝你嚇壞了美國人，謝謝Ralph。

第五篇：TED演講

如果你喜歡TED，觀看了TED的演講視頻，感到激動不已，甚至夢想，有一天自己也站在TED的舞臺上做一個演講，分享你的精彩創(chuàng)意想法和精彩故事！這太好了，這種熱情的向往，是通往TED講臺之路的最大動力。除此之外還需要了解一些演講技巧。

下面是著名的The TED Commandments（TED演講十個黃金法則），為TED演講者提供了建議和指南。

These 10 tips are the heart of a great TED Talk.1.Dream big.Strive to create the best talk you have ever given.Reveal something never seen before.Do something the audience will remember forever.Share an idea that could change the world.給自己一個高目標，要把這個演講做成你最成功的一個演講。你可以向觀眾展示某些未曾公開展示的東西或做出能夠讓觀眾留下深刻印象的事情。分享一個有可能改變世界的想法。

2.Show us the real you.Share your passions, your dreams...and also your fears.Be vulnerable.Speak of failure as well as success.展示一個最真實的你。分享你的激情、夢想，乃至恐懼。不要把自己當成是完美無缺的，你可以講成功的故事，也可以講失敗的故事。

3.Make the complex plain.Don't try to dazzle intellectually.Don't speak in abstractions.Explain!Give examples.Tell stories.Be specific.簡單化。千萬不要吹自己多么博學，不要用抽象的言辭來表達。你要解釋為何會是這樣。多講點故事，講得清楚一點。

4.Connect with people's emotions.Make us laugh!Make us cry!

要說得動人一點，使得觀眾聽了會發(fā)出由衷的微笑或感動到禁不住要哭泣。

5.Don't flaunt your ego.Don't boast.It’s the surest way to switch everyone off.不要自吹自擂。那樣做的話，最容易嚇跑觀眾。

6.No selling from the stage!Unless we have specifically asked you to, do not talk about your company or organization.And don't even think about pitching your products or services or asking for funding from stage.臺上不能推銷！除非事先有通知，否則不可談論你的公司或組織。更別指望在臺上展示你的產品。

7.Feel free to comment on other speakers, to praise or to criticize.Controversy energizes!Enthusiastic endorsement is powerful!

要給其他演講嘉賓一定的回應，可以贊可以彈。意見之對立才會擦出思維之火火嘛。激情的參與本身的力量就是這么強大的。8.If possible, don't read your talk.Notes are fine.But if the choice is between reading or rambling, then read!

除非萬不得已，否則不要照著講稿閱讀。當然可以看自己寫的小紙片。但假如不看講稿你會表述得含糊不清的話，那還是看著稿子講吧。

9.You must end your talk on time.Doing otherwise is to steal time from the people that follow you.We won’t allow it.必須在規(guī)定的時間內說完。因為超時就意味著剝奪了其他人的時間。這是不允許的。

10.Rehearse your talk in front of a trusted friend...for timing, for clarity, for impact.為了保證演講準時、清晰、高質量，我們希望你提前跟朋友一起做試講。關于TED

TED于1984年由理查德·溫曼和哈里·馬克思共同創(chuàng)辦，從1990年開始每年在美國加州的蒙特利舉辦一次，而如今，在世界的其他城市也會每半年舉辦一次。

它邀請世界上的思想領袖與實干家來分享他們最熱衷從事的事業(yè)?！癟ED”由“科技”、“娛樂”以及“設計”三個英文單詞首字母組成，這三個廣泛的領域共同塑造著我們的未來。事實上，這場盛會涉及的領域還在不斷擴展，展現(xiàn)著涉及幾乎各個領域的各種見解。參加者們稱它為 “超級大腦SPA”和“四日游未來”。

大會觀眾往往是企業(yè)的CEO、科學家、創(chuàng)造者、慈善家等等，他們幾乎和演講嘉賓一樣優(yōu)秀。比爾·克林頓、比爾·蓋茨、維基百科創(chuàng)始人吉米·威爾斯、DNA結構的發(fā)現(xiàn)者詹姆斯·華森、google創(chuàng)辦人、英國動物學家珍妮·古道爾、美國建筑大師弗蘭克·蓋里、歌手保羅·西蒙、維珍品牌創(chuàng)始人理查德·布蘭森爵士、國際設計大師菲利普·斯達克以及U2樂隊主唱Bono都曾經(jīng)擔任過演講嘉賓。

大凡有機會來到TED大會現(xiàn)場作演講的均有非同尋常的經(jīng)歷，他們要么是某一領域的佼佼者，要么是某一新興領域的開創(chuàng)人，要么是做出了某些足以給社會帶來改觀的創(chuàng)舉。比如人類基因組研究領域的領軍人物Craig Venter，“給每位孩子一百美元筆記本電腦”項目的創(chuàng)建人 Nicholas Negroponte，只身滑到北極的第一人 Ben Saunders，當代杰出的語言學家 Steven Pinker……至于像 Al Gore 那樣的明星就更是TED大會之?？土?。

每一個TED 演講的時間通常都是18分鐘以內，但是，由于演講者對于自己所從事的事業(yè)有一種深深的熱愛，他們的演講也往往最能打動聽者的心，并引起人們的思考與進一步探索。