第一篇：2016年英國女王演講

There was a time when British Olympic medal winners became household names because there were so few of them.But the 67 medals at this year's Games in Rio and 147 at the Paralympics meant that the GB medallists' reception at Buckingham Palace was a crowded and happy event.Many of this year's winners spoke of being inspired by athletes of previous generations.Inspiration fed their aspiration;and having discovered abilities they scarcely knew they had, these athletes are now inspiring others.A few months ago, I saw inspiration of a different kind when I opened the new Cambridge base of the East Anglian Air Ambulance, where Prince William works as a helicopter pilot.It was not hard to be moved by the ____39____ of the highly skilled doctors, paramedics and crew, who are called-out on average five times a day.But to be inspirational, you don't have to save lives or win medals.I often draw strength from meeting ordinary people doing extraordinary things: volunteers, carers, community organizers and good neighbours;unsung heroes whose quiet dedication makes them special.They are an inspiration to those who know them, and their lives frequently embody a truth expressed by Mother Teresa, from this year Saint Teresa of Calcutta.She once said, “Not all of us can do great things.But we can do small things with great love.” This has been the experience of two ____40____ organizations, The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the Prince's Trust, which are sixty and forty years old this year.These started as small ____41____, but have grown beyond any expectations, and continue to transform young people's lives.To mark my 90th birthday, volunteers and supporters of the six hundred charities of which I have been patron came to a lunch in The Mall.Many of these organizations are ____42____ in size, but inspire me with the work they do.From giving friendship and support to our veterans, the elderly or the bereaved;to championing music and dance;providing animal welfare;or protecting our fields and forests, their selfless devotion and generosity of spirit is an example to us all.When people face a challenge, they sometimes talk about taking a deep breath to find courage or strength.In fact, the word 'inspire' literally means 'to breathe in'.But even with the inspiration of others, it's ____43____ that we sometimes think the world's problems are so big that we can do little to help.On our own, we cannot end wars or wipe out ____44____, but the cumulative impact of thousands of small acts of goodness can be bigger than we imagine.At Christmas, our attention is drawn to the birth of a baby some two thousand years ago.It was the humblest of beginnings, and his parents, Joseph and Mary, did not think they were important.Jesus Christ lived obscurely for most of his life, and never traveled far.He was maligned and ____45____ by many, though he had done no wrong.And yet, billions of people now follow his teaching and find in him the guiding light for their lives.I am one of them because Christ's example helps me see the value of doing small things with great love, whoever does them and whatever they themselves believe.The message of Christmas reminds us that inspiration is a gift to be given as well as received, and that love begins small but always grows.I wish you all a very happy Christmas.

第二篇：英國女王 演講

My Lords and Members of the House of Commons，議長、上議院和下議院的各位議員們：

I am most grateful for your Loyal Addresses and the generous words of the Lord Speaker and Mr.Speaker.對上議院和下議院兩位議長表示忠誠的演講和慷慨陳詞，我十分感激。

This great institution has been at the heart of the country and the lives of our people throughout its history.As Parliamentarians, you share with your forebears a fundamental role in the laws and decisions of your own age.Parliament has survived as an unshakeable cornerstone of our constitution and our way of life.這個偉大的制度，在有其歷史以來，一直處于國家和人民生活的核心。作為國會議員，你們與你們的先輩一樣，在自己所處時代的法律和決策中，發(fā)揮著基礎作用。國會作為我們憲法和生活中一塊不可動搖的基石存留下來。

History links monarchs and Parliament, a connecting thread from one period to the next.So, in an era when the regular, worthy rhythm of life is less eye-catching than doing something extraordinary, I am reassured that I am merely the second Sovereign to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee.君主和國會貫徹了歷史，就像一個時代與下一個時代的一條紐帶。所以，在一個做些特別的事，比那些常規(guī)的、有價值的生活節(jié)奏更吸引人眼球的時代，我可以肯定自己是僅有的第二位慶?！般@石大慶”的君主。

As today, it was my privilege to address you during my Silver and Golden Jubilees.Many of you were present ten years ago and some of you will recall the occasion in 1977.Since my Accession, I have been a regular visitor to the Palace of Westminster and, at the last count, have had the pleasurable duty of treating with twelve Prime Ministers.像今天一樣，我很榮幸地曾在25周年和50周年紀念時向你們講話。10年前，你們當中許多人都出席了，而一些人將回憶起1977年時的場景。自從我登基后，就成為威斯敏斯特宮的定期訪客，據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計，很高興我已經與12位首相進行了交流。

Over such a period, one can observe that the experience of venerable old age can be a mighty guide but not a prerequisite for success in public office.I am therefore very pleased to be addressing many younger Parliamentarians and also those bringing such a wide range of background and experience to your vital, national work.在此期間，你們可以看到，一個老人的寶貴經歷可以成為公共部門的有力指導，但非成功的必要條件。因此，我非常高興在許多年輕的國會議員面前講話，同樣，我也非常高興在那些把許多背景和經歷帶到你們極為重要的、國家工作中去的人們面前講話。

During these years as your Queen, the support of my family has, across the generations, been beyond measure.Prince Philip is, I believe, well-known for declining compliments of any kind.But throughout he has been a constant strength and guide.He and I are very proud and grateful that The Prince of Wales and other members of our family are travelling on my behalf in this Diamond Jubilee year to visit all the Commonwealth Realms and a number of other Commonwealth countries.在位的這些年，家人給予了我?guī)资陙順O大的支持。我認為，菲利普親王因為謝絕各種贊美而聞名。但他一直給予我力量和指引。在“鉆石大慶”之年，威爾士親王以及家族其他成員代表我出去訪問英聯(lián)邦王國和聯(lián)邦內的許多其他國家，對此他和我都感到很自豪和表示感謝。

These overseas tours are a reminder of our close affinity with the Commonwealth, encompassing about one-third of the world’s population.My own association with the Commonwealth has taught me that the most important contact between nations is usually contact between its peoples.An organisation dedicated to certain values, the Commonwealth has flourished and grown by successfully promoting and protecting that contact.這些海外之旅提醒著我們與占據(jù)了世界三分之一人口的聯(lián)邦國家之間的密切關系。我與聯(lián)邦國家的交往，讓我知道，國家之間最重要的聯(lián)系是其人民之間的經常聯(lián)系。作為致力于特定價值觀的組織，聯(lián)邦通過成功地促進并保護這種聯(lián)系而得以繁榮和發(fā)展。

At home, Prince Philip and I will be visiting towns and cities up and down the land.It is my sincere hope that the Diamond Jubilee will be an opportunity for people to come together in a spirit of neighbourliness and celebration of their own communities.在國內，菲利普親王和我將到各地去訪問。我真誠地希望“鉆石大慶”是一次機會，讓人民以和睦友好的態(tài)度聚在一起，為他們自己的社區(qū)慶祝。

We also hope to celebrate the professional and voluntary service given by millions of people across the country who are working for the public good.They are a source of vital support to the welfare and wellbeing of others, often unseen or overlooked.我們還希望慶祝全國數(shù)百萬人為公共利益而提供的專業(yè)和志愿服務。他們是給予他人福利和安樂重要支持的源泉，但常常都不被看到或是被忽略。

And as we reflect upon public service, let us again be mindful of the remarkable sacrifice and courage of our Armed Forces.Much may indeed have changed these past sixty years but the valour of those who risk their lives for the defence and freedom of us all remains undimmed.當我們回顧公共服務時，讓我們再一次注意我們的軍隊所做的重大犧牲和所表現(xiàn)出的勇氣。在這過去60年中，可能確實發(fā)生了很多變化，但是那些為了防衛(wèi)和我們的自由而將生命置于危險之中的人的英勇之氣卻依然清晰可見。

The happy relationship I have enjoyed with Parliament has extended well beyond the more than three and a half thousand Bills I have signed into law.I am therefore very touched by the magnificent gift before me, generously subscribed by many of you.Should this beautiful window cause just a little extra colour to shine down upon this ancient place, I should gladly settle for that.我與國會之間有著良好的關系，這個關系并不僅僅體現(xiàn)在我已簽署付諸法律效率的3,500多個法案。因此，呈在我面前的這個美妙禮物讓我感動，你們許多人都為此做了慷慨捐獻。這塊漂亮的玻璃窗將讓這座古老的宮殿接收到更多的陽光照射。我對這個安排很滿意。

We are reminded here of our past, of the continuity of our national story and the virtues of resilience, ingenuity and tolerance which created it.I have been privileged to witness some of that history and, with the support of my family, rededicate myself to the service of our great country and its people now and in the years to come.在這里，我們想到我們的過去，我們國家歷史中的一幕幕，以及創(chuàng)造了這些諸如樂觀、機智、寬容的美德。我有幸見證了歷史中的一段，并在我的家人的支持下，在現(xiàn)在以及未來若干年，繼續(xù)服務于我們偉大的國家和人民。

原文鏈接：http://

第三篇：英國女王圣誕演講

《英國社會生態(tài)概論》補充閱讀一

Each year that passes seems to have its own character.Some leave us with a feeling of satisfaction, others are best forgotten.2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn.過去每年似乎都各具特點。一些年份讓我們心滿意足，一些年份則最好忘卻。2009年對很多人來說都不好過，尤其是那些深受經濟衰退之苦的人們。

I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there.Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.我相信，我們所有人都受到阿富汗戰(zhàn)事影響，為英軍士兵傷亡感到悲傷。我們向這些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰問，他們面對巨大個人損失表現(xiàn)得無比高尚。

But we can be proud of the positive contribution that our servicemen and women are making, in conjunction with our allies.但我們應該為我們的士兵與盟友作出的積極貢獻而感到驕傲。

Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealthare currently serving in Afghanistan.英國和包括加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭和新加坡在內的英聯(lián)邦國家眼下共有超過1.3萬名士兵在阿富汗服役。

The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.我們對這些年輕士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役過的士兵表示深深感激。

It is 60 years since the Commonwealth was created and today, with more than a billion of its members under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.今年是英聯(lián)邦成立60周年，今天其成員國25歲以下人口超過10億，為它保持長久的強大和實用提供了力量源泉。

Recently I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people.最近我剛剛參加了在特立尼達和多巴哥舉行的英聯(lián)邦政府首腦會議，聽到聯(lián)邦對年輕人是多么重要。

《英國社會生態(tài)概論》補充閱讀一

New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints.For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.新的通信技術使他們能夠接觸到更廣闊的世界，分享他們的經驗和觀點。對于許多人來說，英聯(lián)邦的實際援助與網絡可以提供技能，給予意見和鼓勵進取。

It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年輕人正在做著一些事情，他們面對挑戰(zhàn)，富于創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新精神。

It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all-there can by no more valuable role for our family of nations.I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.對關系到我們所有人的問題保持討論很重要，它讓我們的大家庭產生更大的價值。在英聯(lián)邦成立以來的大部分時間里，我都同它聯(lián)系緊密。

The personal and living bond I have enjoyed with leaders, and with people the world over, has always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.我個人同各國領袖、人民密不可分。這不單是象征意義，也能促進我們的團結。

The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission.It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.英聯(lián)邦并非一個具某種使命的組織，而更是一個讓各國人民合作、解決困難的平臺。In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.在涉及我們生活的許多方面，不論是體育、環(huán)境、商業(yè)或文化，英聯(lián)邦國家之間的聯(lián)系緊密而豐富。

It is, in lots of ways, the face of the future.And with continuing support and dedication, I am confident that this diverse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.在很多方面這展現(xiàn)未來的前景。隨著不斷的支持和貢獻，我相信英聯(lián)邦國家的多元化能加強各國在政治、宗教、種族和經濟環(huán)境的凝聚力。

《英國社會生態(tài)概論》補充閱讀一

We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions;but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.眾所周知，圣誕節(jié)是歡慶與家人團聚的時候，但我們也可以借這個時機回顧那些國內外不幸者面臨的困境。

Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.基督徒被教導要愛他們的鄰居，有同情心，樂于慈善和志愿工作，以減輕貧困和不利的負擔。

We may ourselves be confronted by a bewildering array of difficulties and challenges, but we must never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.我們自己會面臨一連串的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，這些困難和挑戰(zhàn)會令我們感到困惑，但我們絕不能停下腳步。而應該繼續(xù)努力，為自己和他人創(chuàng)造更美好的未來。I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas.不論你們現(xiàn)時身在何處，我都祝愿你們圣誕快樂。

第四篇：英國女王圣誕演講2012

others are best forgotten.2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn.過去每年似乎都各具特點。一些年份讓我們心滿意足，一些年份則最好忘卻。2009年對很多人來說都不好過，尤其是那些深受經濟衰退之苦的人們。

I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there.Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.我相信，我們所有人都受到阿富汗戰(zhàn)事影響，為英軍士兵傷亡感到悲傷。我們向這些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰問，他們面對巨大個人損失表現(xiàn)得無比高尚。conjunction with our allies.但我們應該為我們的士兵與盟友作出的積極貢獻而感到驕傲。

Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealthare currently serving in Afghanistan.英國和包括加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭和新加坡在內的英聯(lián)邦國家眼下共有超過1.3萬名士兵在阿富汗服役。

The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.我們對這些年輕士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役過的士兵表示深深感激。under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.今年是英聯(lián)邦成立60周年，今天其成員國25歲以下人口超過10億，為它保持長久的強大和實用提供了力量源泉。

Recently I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people.最近我剛剛參加了在特立尼達和多巴哥舉行的英聯(lián)邦政府首腦會議，聽到聯(lián)邦對年輕人是多么重要。New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints.For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.援助與網絡可以提供技能，給予意見和鼓勵進取。

It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年輕人正在做著一些事情，他們面對挑戰(zhàn)，富于創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新精神。It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all-there can by no more valuable role for our family of nations.I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.對關系到我們所有人的問題保持討論很重要，它讓我們的大家庭產生更大的價值。在英聯(lián)邦成立以來的大部分時間里，我都同它聯(lián)系緊密。always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.我個人同各國領袖、人民密不可分。這不單是象征意義，也能促進我們的團結。

The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission.It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.英聯(lián)邦并非一個具某種使命的組織，而更是一個讓各國人民合作、解決困難的平臺。

In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.在涉及我們生活的許多方面，不論是體育、環(huán)境、商業(yè)或文化，英聯(lián)邦國家之間的聯(lián)系緊密而豐富。am confident that this diverse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.在很多方面這展現(xiàn)未來的前景。隨著不斷的支持和貢獻，我相信英聯(lián)邦國家的多元化能加強各國在政治、宗教、種族和經濟環(huán)境的凝聚力。

We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions;but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.眾所周知，圣誕節(jié)是歡慶與家人團聚的時候，但我們也可以借這個時機回顧那些國內外不幸者面臨的困境。Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.基督徒被教導要愛他們的鄰居，有同情心，樂于慈善和志愿工作，以減輕貧困和不利的負擔。never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.我們自己會面臨一連串的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，這些困難和挑戰(zhàn)會令我們感到困惑，但我們絕不能停下腳步。而應該繼續(xù)努力，為自己和他人創(chuàng)造更美好的未來。

I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas.不論你們現(xiàn)時身在何處，我都祝愿你們圣誕快樂。

第五篇：英國女王2013 圣誕演講

Unit7 Things: The Throw-away Society一次性社會

“Barbie,” a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager, is the best known and best-selling doll in history.Since its introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000— more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Paris.Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable.Mattel, Inc., maker of Barbie, also sells a complete wardrobe for her, including clothes for ordinary daytime wear, clothes for formal party wear, clothes for swimming and skiing.十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是歷史上最著名最暢銷的洋娃娃，自從1959年問世以來，全世界的芭比娃娃的數(shù)量增長到1200,0000人—比洛杉磯，倫敦和巴黎任何一個城市的人口還要多。小女孩熱衷芭比娃娃是因為他很像真的而且可以任意更換衣服，作為芭比娃娃的生產廠家，Mattel公司還出售芭比的整體衣柜，包括日常便裝，正式晚裝，泳裝和滑雪衫。

Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll.The new version has a slimmer figure, “real” eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ever.Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.舊貨換新折讓

最近Mattel公司推出一款更高級的芭比娃娃，這個新產品身材更苗條，有仿真睫毛，又可以扭轉彎曲的腰肢，所有這些特點使其更加人性化。此外，M公司還首次宣布，任何一個購買芭比娃娃的女士都可以獲得舊芭比娃娃的折價優(yōu)惠。

What Mattel did not announce was that by trading in her old doll for a technologically improved modes, the little girl of today, citizen of tomorrow’s super-industrial world, would learn a fundamental lesson about the new society: that man’s relationships with things are increasingly temporary.M公司所沒有宣布的是，通過折舊芭比娃娃來銷售新款芭比娃娃，今天的小女孩，明天工業(yè)化社會的公民就會得出這樣一個對社會的基本認識：人類和物品的關系越來越短暫。

The ocean of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is set within a larger ocean of natural objects.But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.The texture of plastic or concrete, the iridescent glisten of an automobile under a streetlight, the staggering vision of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet— these are the intimate realities of his existence.Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness.Their number is expandingwith explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment.This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.我們周圍人造物品的海洋外圍還有更廣闊的自然物品的海洋。但是這個技術制造的環(huán)境逐漸影響著人類。塑料或混凝土結構，街燈下霓虹閃爍的汽車，從飛機窗口俯瞰到的緩慢移動的城市—這些人類的親密伙伴。人造物品進入并影響了人類意識，其數(shù)量急劇增長，無論是就絕對而言還是相對而言。這種現(xiàn)象在將來的后工業(yè)化社會會更加突出。

Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet things are highly significant, not merely because of their functional utility, but also because of their psychological impact.We develop relationships with things.Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.唯心主義者試圖否認物品的重要性，但是物品是非常重要的，不僅因為它有實用功能，還因為其對精神的影響，我們發(fā)展和物品的關系，物品影響我們對關聯(lián)和斷聯(lián)的意識。他們在情景結構中的作用，我們和物品關系的縮短加快了生活的節(jié)奏。

Moreover, our attitudes toward things reflect basic value judgments.Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age.In this difference lies the contrast between past and future, between societies based on permanence, and the new, fast-forming society based on transience.此外，我們對物品的態(tài)度反映了基本的價值評判。有的小女孩興高采烈的把她們的芭比娃娃換成新款高級的娃娃，有的小女孩象她們的母親和祖母年少時一樣，終日抱著同一個娃娃，形影不離，愛不釋手，直到長大后娃娃從生活中消失，沒有什么比這更具有戲劇性的對比了。這種不同在于過去和未來的對比，對于永久的社會和新的變幻無常的社會的對比。

That man-thing relationships are growing more and more temporary may be illustrated by examining the culture surrounding the little girl who trades in her doll.This child soon learns that Barbie dolls are by no means the only physical objects that pass into and out of her young life at a rapid clip.Diapers, bibs, paper napkins, Kleenex, towels, non-returnable soda bottles—all are used up quickly in her home and ruthlessly eliminated.Corn muffins come in baking tins that are thrown away after one use.Spinach is encased in plastic sacks that can be dropped into a pan of boiling water for heating, and then thrown away.TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays.Her home is a large processing machine through which objects flow, entering and leaving, at a faster and faster rate of speed.From birth on, she is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture.觀察一下舊芭比換新芭比的小女孩身后的文化就可以看出人類和物品間的關系越來越短暫，這些孩子很快會知道有很多物品以極快的速度進入并離開他們的生活，不只是芭比娃娃。紙尿褲，圍裙，紙巾，手絹，非循環(huán)使用的蘇打汽水瓶—所有這些在她家被迅速使用，有的被無情的丟棄。玉米松餅放進一次性的烤罐，菠菜放進塑料袋中，這種塑料袋可以一起放進沸水鍋中加熱然后丟棄。電視上的烹飪節(jié)目也經常使用一次性的碟子。她的家就是一個大型處理機器，通過這個機器，物品以越來越快的速度不斷流動，進入又離開，從出生開始，她就被包圍在一次性的文化中。

The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.Not long ago Uriel Rone, a market researcher for the French advertising agency Publicis, told me: “The French housewife is not used to disposable products.She likes to keep things, even old things, rather than throw-away curtain.We did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.” This resistance, however, is dying all over the developed world.對一次性物品的使用讓人想到了糧食問題和祖祖輩輩生活在貧困中的人，不久前，法國廣告代理公司P的一位市場調查員U R 告訴我“法國的家庭主婦并不習慣于使用一次性的產品，:她們喜歡把東西留著，即使是舊物品也不會丟。我們代表公司宣傳一種一次性的塑料窗簾。我們隊她們作市場調查，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她們的抵制情緒很強。”這種抵制在其他發(fā)達國家越來越少了。

Thus a writer, Edward Maze, has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950’s were astounded by its cleanliness.“We were almost awed by the fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides, as, much to our shame, there were in America.But by the 1960’s lo and behold, bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways? What happened? Sweden had become a buy, use and throw-away society, following the American pattern.” In Japan today throw-away tissues are so universal that cloth handkerchiefs are regarded as old fashioned, not to say unsanitary.In England for sixpence one may buy a “Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush” which comes already coated with toothpaste for its one-time use.And even in France, disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace.Form cardboard milk containers to the rockets that power space vehicles, products created for short-term or one-time use are becoming more numerous and crucial to our way of life.因此，作家E M 指出在十二世紀五十年代初期，很多區(qū)瑞典觀光的美國人都被瑞典的干凈所震驚“讓我們敬佩的是路邊沒有一個啤酒瓶和軟飲料瓶，而自慚形穢的是，美國到處都是。但是到二十世紀六十年代，看看吧，各種瓶瓶罐罐凸現(xiàn)在瑞典的高速公路上??怎么了？跟美國一樣，瑞典已經變成一個購買，使用一次性物品的國家了。在當今的日本，一次性的紙巾非常普遍，手絹已經老土了，而且也不衛(wèi)生。在英國，花七便士就可以買到已經擠好牙膏，一次性使用的牙刷。即使在法國，一次性的打火機也很普遍，從牛奶紙盒到為太空提供動力的火箭，它們對我們的生活起著越來越重要的作用。

The recent introduction of paper and quasi-paper clothing carried the trend toward disposability a step further.Fashionable boutiques and working-class clothing stores have sprouted whole departments devoted to gaily colored and imaginatively designed paper apparel.Fashion magazines display breathtakingly sumptuous gowns, coats, pajamas, even wedding dresses made of paper.The bride pictured in one of these wears a long white train of lace-like paper that, the caption writer notes, will make “great kitchen curtains” after the ceremony.剛上市的紙衣服或者類似紙的衣服將一次性文化更推進了一步。時尚飾品店和工薪階層服裝店已經陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一個全新的部門，這個部門專門負責那些色彩艷麗設計特別的紙衣服。時尚雜志展示了價格驚人的紙長袍，紙外套，紙睡袍，甚至紙婚紗和禮服。圖中的新娘穿著仿蕾絲紙做成的白色長袍裙，標題寫道：這條裙子在婚禮結束后可以做成“不錯的廚房窗簾”。

Paper clothes are particularly suitably for children, Writes one fashion expert: “Little girls will soon be able to spill ice cream, draw pictures and make cutouts on their clothes while their mothers smile benignly at their creativity.” And for adults who want to express their own creativity, there is even a “paint-yourself-dress” complete with brushes.Price: $2.00.紙衣服是最適合孩子的。一位時尚專家寫道：“小孩子會亂濺冰激凌，而且他可以在紙衣服上畫畫，或者貼剪紙畫，而母親在一旁微笑的贊許其創(chuàng)造力?！睂τ谙胝故緞?chuàng)造力的成年人，可以買一種配有刷子的“自助衣服”，價格兩美元。

Price, of course, is a critical factor behind the paper explosion.Thus a department store features simple A-line dresses made of what it calls “devil-may-care cellulose fiber and nylon.” At $1.29 each, it is almost cheaper for the consumer to buy and discard a new one than to send an ordinary dress to the cleaners.Soon it will be.But more than economics is involved, for the extension of the throw-away culture has important psychological consequences.當然，價格是紙用品猛增的重要原因。因此有一家百貨商店很有特色，店內全是清一色的衣服，這些衣服都是用被稱作“魔鬼也會留意的纖維和尼龍”做成的。每件事1.29美元，對于消費者來說，一次性要比普通衣服送進洗衣店要便宜的多。但不僅僅是經濟問題，一次性文化的蔓延還帶來了不容忽視的精神影響。

***We develop a throw-away mentality to match our throw-away products.This mentality produces, among other things, a set of radically altered values with respect to property.But the spread of disposability through the society also implies decreased durations in man-thing relationships.Instead of being linked with a single object over a relatively long span of time, we are linked for brief periods with the succession of objects that supplant it.我們已經形成了一種一次性的心態(tài)，來適應一次性的產品。這種心態(tài)使得我們對于物品的價值觀產生了巨大的改變。然而社會中的一次性文化的蔓延也預示著人類和物品的關系持續(xù)的時間越來越短。我們只是和一系列馬上將被代替的物品保持短期的聯(lián)系，而不是和某一物品保持長期的聯(lián)系。

Unit8Cultivating a Hobby 培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛好

A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of the emotion;the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.The stronger the will is, the more futile the task is.One can only gently insinuate something else into its rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair, begins.美國一位天才心理學家曾經說過：“憂慮是一陣情感的沖動，意識一旦陷入某種狀態(tài)，這種狀態(tài)將很難被改變。”在這種情況下，與意識去抗爭是徒勞的。意志力越強，這種抗爭就越顯得徒勞無益。這時，唯一的解決辦法只能是悄悄的滲入某種新的東西，來分散注意力。如果這種新的東西選擇恰當，而且確實能激起你對另一領域的興趣，漸漸地、而且經常是非常迅速地，你過分緊張的情緒就會緩解，你又開始恢復到原來的狀態(tài)。

The cultivation of a hobby and the forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.But this is not a business that can be untaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process.The seeds must be carefully chosen;they must fall on good ground;they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at band when needed.因此，對一個公眾人物來說，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛好、一種新的興趣顯得尤為重要。但這不是一件一朝一日或憑一時的意氣就能一蹴而就的事情。這種替代憂慮的心理興趣培養(yǎng)是一個長期的過程。它的種子必須要精挑細選，然后播撒到肥沃的土壤中，要想得到籽粒飽滿、需要時隨手可摘的果實，還必須對他們精心呵護。

To be really happy really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes;those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the week-end.要想真正的快樂，而且每次都能真正奏效，一個人必須有兩種或三種業(yè)余愛好，而且必須是真正的業(yè)余愛好。一個人到了晚年才說：“我要培養(yǎng)這種或那種興趣。”那已經沒有任何意義了。這種嘗試只能更加增加大腦的壓力。一個人可能具有與他日常工作無關的大量的知識，但這些知識并無助于他減輕心理壓力。隨心所欲的做你喜歡的工作不會幫你減輕心理壓力，而是你必須設法喜歡你目前所做的工作。大致來說，人可分為三類：第一類人是累死；第二類人是愁死；第三類人是煩死。體力勞動者經過一周的辛勤勞動已經筋疲力盡，再讓他們在周六下午踢足球或打棒球無助于消除他們的疲勞。讓那些為一些大事已經連續(xù)工作或煩惱了六天的政治家、專業(yè)人員或工商界人士來說，在周末的時候讓他們?yōu)橐恍╇u毛蒜皮的小事煩惱費神，也不會使他們身心輕松。

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.對于那些不幸的人：那些可以隨意發(fā)號施令；那些隨心所欲，無所不能的人，新的樂趣、新的喜悅對他們來說是無所謂的事情。他們狂亂地從一個地方跑到另一個地方、想通過不斷換地方的這種方式來擺脫煩惱，這是徒勞的。對他們來說，條理、規(guī)矩是他們最有希望擺脫煩惱的辦法。

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are dividing into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure;and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one.Of these the former is majority.They have their compensations.The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance（生計）, but a keen appetite for leisure even in its simplest and most modest forms.在辦公室或工廠里長時間的工作，不僅帶給他們維持生計的金錢，還帶給他們一種渴求娛樂的強烈欲望，哪怕這種娛樂消遣是以最簡單、最樸實的方式進行的。But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class.Their life is a natural harmony.For them the working hours are never long enough.Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.也可以說，理智、勤奮、有才能的人可以分為兩類：第一類是工作與娛樂涇渭分明；第二類人是工作與娛樂合二為一。大多數(shù)人屬于前者。他們有他們的報酬。長時間在辦公室或工廠的辛勤勞作不僅使他們得到了維持生命的薪水，而且培養(yǎng)了他們追求快樂的強烈愿望，即使僅僅是那些最簡單、最樸實的形式。然而命運女神所偏愛的卻是第二類人。他們的生活自然、和諧。對他們來說，工作的時間永遠都不夠長。每一天都是假期，法定假期到來時，他們不愿休假，埋怨（認為）這是強行中斷干擾了他們精彩的假期。然而，這兩類人都必須改變一下他們的觀點，調整一下氣氛、轉移一下奮斗的方向。事實上或許那些以工作為樂的人正是那些最需要通過一種興趣或愛好使自己適時忘記自己工作的人。