第一篇：Ted演講Candy Chang：Before I die I want to中英

Candy Chang: Before I die I want to...在我死前，我想...英語演講稿帶中文翻譯

There are a lot of ways the people around us can help improve our lives.We don't bump into every neighbor, so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on, though we do share the same public spaces.我們周圍的人能以很多種方式 來幫我們把生活變得更美好 我們不一定能常常碰到我們的鄰居 所以即使我們生活在同一片公共空間里 鄰居的智慧也難以被傳遞開來

So over the past few years, I've tried ways to share more with my neighbors in public space, using simple tools like stickers, stencils and chalk.And these projects came from questions I had, like, how much are my neighbors paying for their apartments?(Laughter)How can we lend and borrow more things without knocking on each other's doors at a bad time? How can we share more of our memories of our abandoned buildings, and gain a better understanding of our landscape? And how can we share more of our hopes for our vacant storefronts, so our communities can reflect our needs and dreams today? 所以在過去的幾年里，我嘗試著以不同的方式 如用貼紙、展板和粉筆這些簡單工具 來在公共空間里與鄰居分享更多的東西 這些項目都源自于我自己的一些疑問，如 我的鄰居得付多少房租？（笑聲）我們怎么樣能夠從鄰里間互借到更多的東西 同時避免在不合時宜的時候敲開對方的門？ 我們怎樣能夠更好地分享各自的 關(guān)于被毀棄的建筑的回憶 并更好地理解我們居住的這片土地？ 怎樣更能表達我們對空置的店面的期待 使我們的社區(qū)能反映出 我們現(xiàn)在的需求和夢想？

Now, I live in New Orleans, and I am in love with New Orleans.My soul is always soothed by the giant live oak trees, shading lovers, drunks and dreamers for hundreds of years, and I trust a city that always makes way for music.(Laughter)I feel like every time someone sneezes, New Orleans has a parade.(Laughter)The city has some of the most beautiful architecture in the world, but it also has one of the highest amounts of abandoned properties in America.我現(xiàn)時住在新奧爾良 并深深地愛上了這座城市 那些生生不息的巨型橡樹總是可以撫慰我的靈魂 幾百年來，情侶、醉漢和追夢人們 總會稍息在樹影下 我深信這一座充滿著音樂律動的城市 每當有人打噴嚏時，我都感覺新奧爾良來了一只游行隊伍（笑聲）新奧爾良擁有世界上很多最漂亮的建筑 但同時，她也是全美擁有最多 廢棄建筑的城市

I live near this house, and I thought about how I could make it a nicer space for my neighborhood, and I also thought about something that changed my life forever.我住在這棟房子附近，我就想如何讓它 在這片社區(qū)里成為一個更好的地方 也思考了另一件事 這件事徹底改變了我的人生

In 2009, I lost someone I loved very much.Her name was Joan, and she was a mother to me, and her death was sudden and unexpected.And I thought about death a lot, and this made me feel deep gratitude for the time I've had, and brought clarity to the things that are meaningful to my life now.But I struggle to maintain this perspective in my daily life.I feel like it's easy to get caught up in the day-to-day, and forget what really matters to you.2009年，我失去了一個我摯愛的人 她的名字叫瓊，對我來講，她就像我的母親一樣 她死得很突然，沒有人預料到 然后我思考了很多關(guān)于死亡的事 然后這件事讓我對我擁有的時光懷著深切致意 并且 顯現(xiàn)出了那些 對我的生命有真正意義的東西 但我卻很難在日常生活中保持這種心態(tài) 我覺得人們太容易被日復一日的瑣碎困住 而忘記什么才是真正重要的事 So with help from old and new friends, I turned the side of this abandoned house into a giant chalkboard and stenciled it with a fill-in-the-blank sentence: “Before I die, I want to...” So anyone walking by can pick up a piece of chalk, reflect on their lives, and share their personal aspirations in public space.我于是在一些新老朋友的幫助下 把這棟廢棄的房子的一面墻 做成了一個巨型黑板 我在上面寫滿了同一道填空題 “在死之前，我想??” 所以每一個路過的人都可以撿起一根粉筆 在公共場合里留下一些他們?nèi)松暮圹E 且來分享他們內(nèi)心深處的愿望

I didn't know what to expect from this experiment, but by the next day, the wall was entirely filled out, and it kept growing.And I'd like to share a few things that people wrote on this wall.我并不知道該從這個實驗里期待些什么 但是第二天，整個墻壁都被填滿了 而且不斷有人添加新的答案 我想跟大家分享一些人們在那面墻上 寫的東西

“Before I die, I want to be tried for piracy.”(Laughter)“Before I die, I want to straddle the International Date Line.” “Before I die, I want to sing for millions.” “Before I die, I want to plant a tree.” “Before I die, I want to live off the grid.” “Before I die, I want to hold her one more time.” “Before I die, I want to be someone's cavalry.” “Before I die, I want to be completely myself.” “在死之前，我想為我的海盜行為接受審判”（笑聲）“在死之前，我想跨過國際日期變更線” “在死之前，我想在上百萬的觀眾面前唱歌” “在死之前，我想種一棵樹” “在死之前，我想過隱居的生活” “在死之前，我想再抱她一次” “在死之前，我想成為某個人的騎士” “在死之前，我想要做完全真實的自己”

So this neglected space became a constructive one, and people's hopes and dreams made me laugh out loud, tear up, and they consoled me during my own tough times.It's about knowing you're not alone.It's about understanding our neighbors in new and enlightening ways.It's about making space for reflection and contemplation, and remembering what really matters most to us as we grow and change.這個本來被遺忘的建筑變成了一個極具建設(shè)性的地方 這些人的希望和夢想 讓我放聲大笑，也黯然落淚 也曾在我經(jīng)歷困境的時候給我安慰 這讓我們相信自己并不孤單 讓我們對鄰居有了全新的 啟發(fā)心智的了解 這為我們營造了一個反省和思考的空間 也提醒我們在不斷成長改變的過程中 什么才是最為重要的

I made this last year, and started receiving hundreds of messages from passionate people who wanted to make a wall with their community, so my civic center colleagues and I made a tool kit, and now walls have been made in countries around the world, including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and beyond.Together, we've shown how powerful our public spaces can be if we're given the opportunity to have a voice and share more with one another.這個黑板是我去年做的，然后我就不斷收到 一些熱情的人們給我發(fā)的信息 說想在他們的社區(qū)里也設(shè)立一面這樣的墻壁 所以我和我的同事們就做了一個小型工具箱 現(xiàn)在，這面墻壁已經(jīng)遍布全球 包括哈薩克斯坦，南非 澳大利亞 阿根廷等地 這些跡象表明，如果我們能有一個 表達自己的意愿并與他人分享的機會 那么公共空間將發(fā)揮巨大的作用

Two of the most valuable things we have are time and our relationships with other people.In our age of increasing distractions, it's more important than ever to find ways to maintain perspective and remember that life is brief and tender.Death is something that we're often discouraged to talk about or even think about, but I've realized that preparing for death is one of the most empowering things you can do.Thinking about death clarifies your life.我們所擁有的最珍貴的兩樣東西，一個是時間 還有一個，是與他人的聯(lián)系 在這個物欲橫流的時代里 努力堅持自我，銘記人生的短暫與生命的脆弱 變得比以往任何時代都更重要 我們總是沒有勇氣談?wù)撍劳?甚至沒有勇氣去想著死亡 但是我意識到，為死亡做心理準備 是我們能夠做到的最有力的事情之一 思考死亡能夠讓你對自己的人生有更清醒的認識

Our shared spaces can better reflect what matters to us as individuals and as a community, and with more ways to share our hopes, fears and stories, the people around us can not only help us make better places, they can help us lead better lives.Thank you.(Applause)公共空間可以更好的體現(xiàn)到底什么對我們是真正重要的 無論是對個人來說或者對于整個社區(qū)來說 有了更多的方式來分享我們的希望，恐懼和經(jīng)歷 我們身邊的人不僅能夠幫助我們創(chuàng)造更美好的地方 更幫助我們過上更美好的生活 謝謝（掌聲）(Applause)Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)（掌聲）謝謝（掌聲）（掌聲）

第二篇：TED演講中英文本

TED演講中英文本—《怎樣從錯誤中學習》

I have been teaching for a long time, andin doing so have acquired a body of knowledge about kids and learning that Ireally wish more people would understand aboutthe potential of students.In1931, my grandmother--bottom left for you guys over here--graduated fromthe eighth grade.She went to school to get the information because that'swhere the information lived.It was in the books, it was inside the teacher'shead, and she needed to go there to get the information, because that's how youlearned.Fast-forward a generation: this is theone room schoolhouse, Oak Grove, where my father went to a one roomschoolhouse.And he again had to travel to the school to get theinformation from the teacher, store it in the only portable memory he has,which is inside his own head, and take it with him, because that is howinformation was being transported from teacher to student and then used in theworld.When I was a kid, we had a set of encyclopedias at my house.It was purchased the year Iwas born, and it was extraordinary, because I did not have to wait to go to thelibrary to get to the information;the information was inside my house and itwas awesome.This was different than either generation had experienced before,and it changed the way I interacted with information even at just a smalllevel.But the information was closer to me.I could getaccess to it.我已從事教學很長一段時間，在這個過程中，獲得很多關(guān)于兒童和學習的知識，但我真的希望更多人能理解學生的潛能。1931年，我的奶奶，在相片的左下角，從八年級畢業(yè)。她從學校中獲得知識，因為學校是知識的殿堂。知識在書本中，在老師腦海中，她需要到學校獲得，因為這正是學習的方法。很快的前進了一代，這是Oak Grove的校舍，只有一間，我父親去只有一間校舍的學校上學。他依然得前往學校，從老師身上學習知識，存儲在他唯一的便攜式記憶中－他的大腦，并隨身攜帶，因為這就是知識傳播的方式。老師傳授給學生，然后在世界上運用。當我還是個孩子時，家中有一套百科全書，是在我出生那年購買的。當時看來很棒，因為我不需要等到去圖書館時才能獲得資料，這些資料就在我家。這很棒，跟上一代人經(jīng)歷過的相比之下與眾不同，它改變了我與知識的互動，即使只有一點點程度。但這些知識離我更近，隨手可得。（背景：當學習知識的途徑越來越多時，學校和教師已不再是人們獲取知識的唯一來源）

In the time thatpasses between when I was a kid in high school and when I started teaching, wereally see the advent of the internet.Right about the time the internet getsgoing as an educational tool, I take off from Wisconsin and move to Kansas,small town Kansas, where I had an opportunity to teach in a lovely, small townrural Kansas school district, where I was teaching my favorite subject,American government.My first year--super gung ho--going to teach American government, loved political system.Kids in the 12thgrade: not exactly all that enthusiastic about the American governmentsystem.Year two: learned a few things--had to change my tactic.And I put in front of them an authentic experience that allowedthem to learn for themselves.I didn't tell them what to do, or how to do it.Iposed a problem in front of them, which was to put on an election forumfor their own community.They producedfliers, they called offices, they checked schedules, they were meeting with secretaries, they produced an election forum booklet for the entire town tolearn more about their candidates.They invited everyone into the schoolfor an evening of conversation about government and politics and whether or notthe streets were done well, and really had this robust experiential learning.The older teachers--more experienced--looked at me and went, “Oh,there she is.That's so cute.She's trying to get that done.”(Laughter)“She doesn't know what she's in for.” But I knew that the kids wouldshow up.And I believed it.And I told them every week what I expected out ofthem.And that night, all 90 kids--dressed appropriately, doing their job,owning it.I had to just sit and watch.It was theirs.It wasexperiential.It was authentic.It meant something to them.And they will stepup.在我還是個高中生到我開始教書那段時間當中，我們目睹因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)。大約在因特網(wǎng)成為一種教育工具的時候，我離開威斯康辛，搬到堪薩斯，堪薩斯的一個小鎮(zhèn)。在那里一個可愛的小鎮(zhèn)中，即堪薩斯州鄉(xiāng)村學區(qū)，我得到教書的機會。在那里，我教授我最喜歡的科目－美國政府。第一年我滿懷熱情，賣力教授美國政府這門我所喜愛的政治體制，12年級的孩子們并不完全熱衷于美國政府體制。第二年我學到了一些東西，我得改變策略。我將一個真實的體驗呈現(xiàn)在他們面前，讓他們能為自己學習。我沒有告訴他們該做什么、該怎么做，我把一個問題擺在他們眼前，就是為他們小區(qū)建立一個選舉論壇。

他們制作傳單，號召辦事處；他們確認行程，與秘書會談；制作一本選舉論壇小冊，讓整個小鎮(zhèn)對候選人有更充分了解。他們邀請大家到學校進行夜間會談，關(guān)于政府與政治的議題，以及街道是否都已建設(shè)完善？并真正擁有這個強大的學習體驗。較具經(jīng)驗的年長的老師看著我并走過來說，“哦，就是她，多天真！她真以為自己辦得到！”（笑聲）“她根本不知道自己會遭遇什么狀況?！钡抑肋@些孩子會出席，我相信這一點。我每星期都告訴他們我對他們的期許。那天晚上，全部90個孩子穿著適當，做本分的工作，并擁有這個體驗，我只需坐著旁觀。這是屬于他們的，這是一個體驗，這是真實的，這對他們深有意義，他們會進步。（事例1：體驗式學習讓學生獲益匪淺）

From Kansas, Imoved on to lovely Arizona, where I taught in Flagstaff for a number of years,this time with middle school students.Luckily I didn't have to teach themAmerican government.Could teach them the more exciting topic of geography.Again, thrilled to learn.But what was interesting about this position I foundmyself in in Arizona, was I had this really extraordinarily eclectic groupof kids to work with in a truly public school.And we got to have these momentswhere we would get these opportunities.And one opportunity was we got to goand meet Paul Rusesabagina, which is the gentleman that the movie “HotelRwanda” is based after.And he was going to speak at the high school nextdoor to us.We could walk there;we didn't even have to pay for the buses.There was no expense cost.Perfect field trip.The problem thenbecomes how do you take seventh-and eighth-graders to a talk about genocideand deal with the subject in a way that is responsible and respectful, andthey know what to do with it.And so we chose to look at Paul Rusesabagina asan example of a gentleman who singularly used his life to do somethingpositive.I then challenged the kids to identify someone in their own life, orin their own story, or in their own world, that they could identify that haddone a similar thing.I asked them to produce a little movie about it.It's thefirst time we'd done this.Nobody really knew how to make these little movieson the computer.But they were into it.And I asked them to put their own voiceover it.It was the most awesome moment of revelation that when you askkids to use their own voice and ask them to speak for themselves, what they'rewilling to share.The last question of the assignment is: how do you plan touse your life to positively impact other people? The things that kids will saywhen you ask them and take the time to listen is extraordinary.我從堪薩斯搬到可愛的亞利桑那，我在Flagstaff教了好幾年，這次是教中學生。幸運的是，我不用教他們美國政府，可以教他們更令人興奮的地理學。再次的，因?qū)W習而振奮。但我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在亞利桑那州這份工作有趣的部分是，我確實能和這一群杰出的中學生一起合作，在一所真正的公立學校中。我們必須把握擁有這個機會的時刻，這個機會是，我們要去與Paul Rusesabagina見面。這位紳士，電影《盧安達飯店》以他為背景，他將來到我們隔壁的高中演講。我們可以走到那里，甚至不需付公交費用。沒有任何費用成本，完美的實地考察。

問題來了。如何將七、八年級的學生帶到談?wù)摲N族屠殺的演講中，并以負責和尊重的方式處理這個問題？他們知道該怎么做。所以我們選擇將Paul Rusesabagina視為一位紳士的典范，他令人罕見的用自己生命做一些正面的事，然后我給了學生一個挑戰(zhàn)，要他們在自己的生活、故事或世界中，定義一個他們認為做了類似事情的人。我要求他們制作一部與這有關(guān)的短片，這是我們第一次這么做。沒有人真正知道如何在計算機上制作這個短片，但他們參與了。我要求他們用自己的聲音配旁白，這是一個最棒的啟示時刻。當你要孩子們用他們自己的聲音，要他們?yōu)樽约喊l(fā)聲，說出他們愿意分享的東西。這個作業(yè)最后一個問題是，你打算如何用你的生命帶給其它人正面影響？當你問他們，并花時間傾聽時，孩子們所說的是非同尋常的。（事例2：自主式學習讓學生獲益匪淺）

Fast-forward to Pennsylvania, where I find myself today.I teach at the Science LeadershipAcademy, which is a partnership school between the Franklin Institute and theschool district of Philadelphia.We are a nine through 12 public school,but we do school quite differently.I moved there primarily to be part of alearning environment that validated the way that I knew that kids learned, andthat really wanted to investigate what was possible when you are willing to letgo of some of the paradigms of the past, of information scarcity when mygrandmother was in school and when my father was in school and even when I wasin school, and to a moment when we have information surplus.So what do you do when the information is all around you? Whydo you have kids come to school if they no longer have to come there toget the information? In Philadelphia wehave a one-to-one laptop program, so the kids are bringing laptops with themeveryday, taking them home, getting access to information.And here's the thingthat you need to get comfortable with when you've given the tool to acquireinformation to students, is that you have to be comfortable with this idea ofallowing kids to fail as part of the learning process.We deal right now in the educational landscape with an infatuation with theculture of one right them to always have the right answer doesn't allow themto learn.So we did this project, and this is one of the artifacts ofthe project.I almost never show them off because of the issue of the idea offailure.My studentsproduced these info-graphics as a result of a unit that we decided to do at theend of the year responding to the oil spill.I asked them to take the examplesthat we were seeing of the info-graphics that existed in a lot of mass media,and take a look at what were the interesting components of it, and produce onefor themselves from a different man-made disaster from American history.Andthey had certain criteria to do it.They were a little uncomfortable with it,because we'd never done this before, and they didn't know exactly how to do it.They can talk--they're very smooth, and they can write very, very well, butasking them to communicate ideas in a different way was a little uncomfortablefor them.But I gave them the room to just do the thing.Go create.Go figureit out.Let's see what we can do.And the student that persistently turns outthe best visual product did not disappoint.This was done in like twoor three days.And this is the work of the student that consistently didit.And when I sat thestudents down, I said, “Who's got the best one?” And they immediatelywent, “There it is.” Didn't read anything.“There it is.”And I said, “Well what makes it great?” And they're like, “Oh,the design's good, and he's using good color.And there's some...” Andthey went through all that we processed out loud.And I said, “Go readit.” And they're like, “Oh, that one wasn't so awesome.” Andthen we went to another one--it didn't have great visuals, but it had greatinformation--and spent an hour talking about the learning process, because it wasn't about whether or not it was perfect,or whether or not it was what I could create;it asked them to create forthemselves.And it allowed them to fail, process, learn from.And when we doanother round of this in my class this year, they will do better this time.Because learning has to include an amount of failure,because failure is instructional in the process.很快的來看賓夕法尼亞，我在那里找到現(xiàn)在的自我。我在領(lǐng)導科學研究院教書，這是Franklin研究所和費城學區(qū)間的聯(lián)合建教學校。這是一所9到12年級的公立學校，但我們用十分不同的方法教學。我搬到那里主要是想成為學習環(huán)境的一部分，并證實我對孩子們學習方式所知，而且確實想調(diào)查，當你愿意對一些過去的陳規(guī)放手，什么是可能的。信息匱乏的時代，從我奶奶上學時，到我父親、甚至我上學時，一直到信息爆炸的時代。所以當信息隨手可得時，你會怎么做？為什么你要孩子去學校？如果他們不再需要到校就能獲得知識？

在費城，我們有一人一臺電腦課程，所以孩子每天帶著他們的電腦，帶電腦回家以獲得知識。你必須適應(yīng)的是，當你提供工具讓學生獲得知識，你必須適應(yīng)這個想法，允許孩子失敗，作為學習過程的一部分。我們目前面對的教育現(xiàn)況是，迷戀于一個正確答案的文化，這可能出現(xiàn)在一般選擇題測驗中。我在這里與大家分享，這不是學習，這是大錯特錯的要求，告訴孩子永遠不能出錯，要求他們永遠要有正確的答案，不允許他們學習。所以我們做這個專題，這是其中一個專題的作品，我很少展示這個，因為這個專題的結(jié)果失敗了。我的學生們制作這些資料圖，作為一個小組的成品，我們決定在年末來做，作為對漏油問題的回應(yīng)。我要他們以看到的資料圖為例，那是許多傳媒中都有的資料，看一看其中有趣的部分是什么，為自己也制作一個，以美國歷史中不同的人為災難為題。他們要以一定的標準去做，他們對這個有點不適應(yīng)，因為我們從來沒有做過這個，他們不知道究竟該怎么做。他們可以討論，進行的非常順利，他們可以寫得非常非常好。但要求他們以不同的方式做想法交流，讓他們有點不自在。但我給他們空間，就只是做這件事，去創(chuàng)造、去弄明白，看看我們能做些什么。學生努力不懈，制作出最佳的視覺作品，沒有讓人失望。這是在大約兩、三天之內(nèi)完成的，這是學生一致推崇的作品。

我要學生坐下來，問：“誰的作品最好？”他們立刻開口，“那個”，上面沒有可讀的數(shù)據(jù)，“就是那個”。我說，“好在哪里？”他們這么說，“哦，設(shè)計的很好，色彩用的很好，還有什么什么…”他們在整個過程中大聲討論。我說，“念出來”。他們說，“喔，那個也不是那么棒”。然后我們看另一個。沒有很好的視覺效果，但有很多的數(shù)據(jù)，并花了一個小時討論學習過程。因為這跟它是否完美，或它是否是我可以創(chuàng)造出來的無關(guān)，要求是要他們?yōu)樽约簞?chuàng)造。這個專題允許他們失敗，經(jīng)歷過程、從中學習。我的班級今年會再做一次這個專題，這次他們將做得更好，因為學習必須包括一些失敗，因為失敗是教學的一部份。（事例3：學會接受體驗式學習的過程中必然包括失敗，并且還是學習中至關(guān)重要的一部分）

There are amillion pictures that I could click through here, and had to choose carefully--this is one of my favorites--of students learning, of what learning canlook like in a landscape where we let go of the idea that kids have tocome to school to get the information, but instead, ask them what they can dowith it.Ask them really interesting questions.Theywill not disappoint.Ask them to go to places, to see things for themselves, toactually experience the learning, to play, to inquire.This is one of myfavorite photos, because this was taken on Tuesday, when I asked the studentsto go to the polls.This is Robbie, and this was his first day of voting, andhe wanted to share that with everybody and do that.But this is learning too,because we asked them to go out into real spaces.The main point isthat, if we continue to look at education as if it'sabout coming to school to get the information and not about experientiallearning, empowering student voice and embracing failure, we're missingthe mark.And everything that everybody is talking about today isn't possibleif we keep having an educational system that does not value these qualities, because we won't get there with a standardized test, and wewon't get there with a culture of one right answer.We know how to do thisbetter, and it's time to do better.在這個過程中有很多照片，我可以從這里點擊出來，但得謹慎選擇，這是我最喜歡的一張，學生的學習。學習可以是什么光景？在一個景象中，我們放開孩子們必須到學校以獲取知識這個觀念，相對地，問他們可以如何運用，問他們真正感興趣的問題，他們不會失望。要他們到四處去為自己觀察東西，實際體驗學習、玩耍、探究。這是我最喜歡的照片之一，因為這是周二照的。我要學生去投票，這是羅比，這是他第一次投票，他想與大家共享，并做這件事，但這也是學習。因為我們要他們踏出去，到真實世界中。重點是，如果我們繼續(xù)把教育當做到學校去獲得知識，而非經(jīng)驗的學習，賦予學生發(fā)聲的權(quán)益并擁抱失敗，我們會迷失。如果我們繼續(xù)擁有一個不重視這些特質(zhì)的教育系統(tǒng)，今日每人所談?wù)摰囊磺卸紝⑹遣豢赡艿?。因為我們無法以一個標準化測驗達成，無法以單一正確答案的文化達成目標。我們知道如何做得更好，現(xiàn)在正是將它做得更好的時候！（結(jié)尾：在學校和教育不再是獲取知識的唯一途徑時，其職責應(yīng)是引導學生進行經(jīng)驗式學習，賦予學生發(fā)聲的權(quán)利并擁抱失敗）

There are a lot ofways the people around us can help improve our lives.We don't bump into everyneighbor, so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on, though we do share the samepublic spaces.So over the pastfew years, I've tried ways to share more with my neighbors in public space,using simple tools like stickers, stencils and chalk.And these projects camefrom questions I had, like, how much are my neighbors paying for theirapartments?(Laughter)How can we lend and borrow more things without knockingon each other's doors at a bad time? How can we share more of our memories ofour abandoned buildings, and gain a better understanding of our landscape? Andhow can we share more of our hopes for our vacant storefronts, so ourcommunities can reflect our needs and dreams today? Now, I live in NewOrleans, and I am in love with New Orleans.My soul is always soothed by thegiant live oak trees, shading lovers, drunks and dreamers for hundreds ofyears, and I trust a city that always makes way for music.(Laughter)I feellike every time someone sneezes, New Orleans has a parade.(Laughter)The cityhas some of the most beautiful TED演講中英文本——《在死之前，我想...》 architecture in the world, but it also has oneof the highest amounts of abandoned properties in America.I live near thishouse, and I thought about how I could make it a nicer space for myneighborhood, and I also thought about something that changed my life forever.我們周圍的人能以很多種方式 來幫我們把生活變得更美好 我們不一定能常常碰到我們的鄰居 所以即使我們生活在同一片公共空間里 鄰居的智慧也難以被傳遞開來

所以在過去的幾年里，我嘗試著以不同的方式 如用貼紙、展板和粉筆這些簡單工具 來在公共空間里與鄰居分享更多的東西 這些項目都源自于我自己的一些疑問，如 我的鄰居得付多少房租？（笑聲）我們怎么樣能夠從鄰里間互借到更多的東西 同時避免在不合時宜的時候敲開對方的門？ 我們怎樣能夠更好地分享各自的 關(guān)于被毀棄的建筑的回憶 并更好地理解我們居住的這片土地？ 怎樣更能表達我們對空置的店面的期待 使我們的社區(qū)能反映出我們現(xiàn)在的需求和夢想？

我現(xiàn)時住在新奧爾良 并深深地愛上了這座城市 那些生生不息的巨型橡樹總是可以撫慰我的靈魂 幾百年來，情侶、醉漢和追夢人們 總會稍息在樹影下 我深信這一座充滿著音樂律動的城市 每當有人打噴嚏時，我都感覺新奧爾良來了一只游行隊伍（笑聲）新奧爾良擁有世界上很多最漂亮的建筑 但同時，她也是全美擁有最多 廢棄建筑的城市

我住在這棟房子附近，我就想如何讓它 在這片社區(qū)里成為一個更好的地方 也思考了另一件事 這件事徹底改變了我的人生

In 2009, I lostsomeone I loved very much.Her name was Joan, and she was a mother to me, andher death was sudden and unexpected.And I thoughtabout death a lot, and this made me feel deep gratitude for the time I've had,and brought clarity to the things that are meaningful to my life now.But Istruggle to maintain this perspective in my daily life.I feel like it's easyto get caught up in the day-to-day, and forget what really matters to you.So with help fromold and new friends, I turned the side of this abandoned house into a giantchalkboard and stenciled it with a fill-in-the-blank sentence: “Before Idie, I want to...” So anyone walking by can pick up a piece of chalk,reflect on their lives, and share their personal aspirations in public space.I didn't know whatto expect from this experiment, but by the next day, the wall was entirelyfilled out, and it kept growing.And I'd like to share a few things that peoplewrote on this wall.“Before Idie, I want to be tried for piracy.”(Laughter)“Before I die, I wantto straddle the International Date Line.” “Before I die, I want tosing for millions.” “Before I die, I want to plant a tree.”“Before I die, I want to live off the grid.” “Before I die, Iwant to hold her one more time.” “Before I die, I want to besomeone's cavalry.” “Before I die, I want to be completelymyself.” So this neglectedspace became a constructive one, and people's hopes and dreams made me laughout loud, tear up, and they consoled me during my own tough times.It's aboutknowing you're not alone.It's about understanding our neighbors in new andenlightening ways.It's about making space for reflection and contemplation,and remembering what really matters most to us as we grow and change.I made this lastyear, and started receiving hundreds of messages from passionate people whowanted to make a wall with their community, so my civic center colleagues and Imade a tool kit, and now walls have been made in countries around the world,including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and beyond.Together,we've shown how powerful our public spaces can be if we're given theopportunity to have a voice and share more with one another.2009年，我失去了一個我摯愛的人 她的名字叫瓊，對我來講，她就像我的母親一樣 她死得很突然，沒有人預料到 然后我思考了很多關(guān)于死亡的事 然后..這件事讓我對我擁有的時光懷著深切致意 并且 顯現(xiàn)出了那些 對我的生命有真正意義的東西 但我卻很難在日常生活中保持這種心態(tài) 我覺得人們太容易被日復一日的瑣碎困住 而忘記什么才是真正重要的事

我于是在一些新老朋友的幫助下 把這棟廢棄的房子的一面墻 做成了一個巨型黑板 我在上面寫滿了同一道填空題 “在死之前，我想..” 所以每一個路過的人都可以撿起一根粉筆 在公共場合里留下一些他們?nèi)松暮圹E 且來分享他們內(nèi)心深處的愿望

我并不知道該從這個實驗里期待些什么 但是第二天，整個墻壁都被填滿了 而且不斷有人添加新的答案 我想跟大家分享一些人們在那面墻上 寫的東西

“在死之前，我想為我的海盜行為接受審判”（笑聲）“在死之前，我想跨過國際日期變更線” “在死之前，我想在上百萬的觀眾面前唱歌” “在死之前，我想種一棵樹” “在死之前，我想過隱居的生活” “在死之前，我想再抱她一次” “在死之前，我想成為某個人的騎士” “在死之前，我想要做完全真實的自己”

這個本來被遺忘的建筑變成了一個極具建設(shè)性的地方 這些人的希望和夢想讓我放聲大笑，也黯然落淚 也曾在我經(jīng)歷困境的時候給我安慰 這讓我們相信自己并不孤單 讓我們對鄰居有了全新的 啟發(fā)心智的了解 這為我們營造了一個反省和思考的空間 也提醒我們在不斷成長改變的過程中 什么才是最為重要的 這個黑板是我去年做的，然后我就不斷收到 一些熱情的人們給我發(fā)的信息 說想在他們的社區(qū)里也設(shè)立一面這樣的墻壁 所以我和我的同事們就做了一個小型工具箱 現(xiàn)在，這面墻壁已經(jīng)遍布全球 包括哈薩克斯坦，南非 澳大利亞 阿根廷等地 這些跡象表明，如果我們能有一個 表達自己的意愿并與他人分享的機會 那么公共空間將發(fā)揮巨大的作用

Two of the mostvaluable things we have are time and our relationships with other people.Inour age of increasing distractions, it's more important than ever to find waysto maintain perspective and remember that life is brief and tender.Death issomething that we're often discouraged to talk about or even think about, butI've realized that preparing for death is one of the most empowering things youcan do.Thinking about death clarifies your life.Our shared spacescan better reflect what matters to us as individuals and as a community, andwith more ways to share our hopes, fears and stories, the people around us cannot only help us make better places, they can help us lead better lives.Thankyou.(Applause)

我們所擁有的最珍貴的兩樣東西，一個是時間 還有一個，是與他人的聯(lián)系 在這個物欲橫流的時代里 努力堅持自我，銘記人生的短暫與生命的脆弱 變得比以往任何時代都更重要 我們總是沒有勇氣談?wù)撍劳?甚至沒有勇氣去想著死亡 但是我意識到，為死亡做心理準備 是我們能夠做到的最有力的事情之一 思考死亡能夠讓你對自己的人生有更清醒的認識

公共空間可以更好的體現(xiàn)到底什么對我們是真正重要的 無論是對個人來說或者對于整個社區(qū)來說 有了更多的方式來分享我們的希望，恐懼和經(jīng)歷 我們身邊的人不僅能夠幫助我們創(chuàng)造更美好的地方 更幫助我們過上更美好的生活 謝謝（掌聲）

第三篇：TED演講內(nèi)容(中英)

張彤禾

HI，So I'd like to talk little bit about the people 嗨，今天我想來探討一下

Who make the things we use every day;這些為我們制造日常用品的人們：

Our shoes，our handbags,our computers and cell phones, 例如我們的鞋子，手提包，電腦，還有手機。

Now, this is a conversatuon that often calls up a lot of guilt.這個話題時常讓我們覺得很內(nèi)疚。

Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than 想象一下，一個年輕的農(nóng)村女孩給你縫制跑步鞋 a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes, 可每個小時還賺不到一美金，Or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop 又或者是那個加班為你組裝ipad的中國小伙子 after working overtime assembling your ipad 在加班之后從樓上跳了下來。

We，the beneficiaries of globalization,seem to exploit 我們，是全球化的受益者，These victims with every purchase we make, 可每筆交易卻似乎都是在剝削那些受害者，and the injustice 而這種不公平

Feels embedded in the products themselves.似乎也深深烙印在這些產(chǎn)品之中。

After all, what’s wrong with the world in which a worker 總而言之，這個世界到底怎么了？

On an iphone assembly line can’t even afford to buy one? 一個在組裝iphone 生產(chǎn)線上的員工卻買不起一臺iphone？ It's taken for granted that chinese factories are oppressive, 人們理所當然地認為，中國的工廠就是應(yīng)該被壓榨的，And that it’s our desire for cheap goods 因為我們渴求便宜的產(chǎn)品 That makes them so。造成了這樣的局面。

So,this simple narrative equating Weatern demand 很顯然，西方社會的需求

And Chinese suffering is appealing, 和中國人對他們遭遇的申訴被連接在一起，especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty 尤其是當我們中的很多人已經(jīng)因為我們對世界影響 About our impact on the world, 而感到了內(nèi)疚，But it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.然而，這是不正確的，也是不尊重他人的。

We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we 我們極其自戀地去想象著

Have the power to drive tens of millions of people 我們有力量去操控地球另一邊

On the other side of the world to migrate and suffer.千萬的人民，讓他們以如此可怕的方式 In such terrible ways.去遭受痛苦或者遷移。

In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world, 事實上，中國制造的產(chǎn)品遍布全球，Including its own, thanks to a combination of factors: 也包括他們自己的市場，這要歸結(jié)于許多因素的綜合： Its low costs，its large and educated workforce, 低成本，大量受過教育的勞動力，And a flexible manufacturing system 還有有彈性的工作制度

That responds quickly to market demands.這些都快速地迎合了市場的需求。

By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets, 我們因為太專注于我們自身和產(chǎn)品上，We have rendered the individuals on the other end 所以忽視了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈另一端的個體的存在 Into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable 將他們看成是可以隨時被替換的，微小的 as the parts of a mobile phone.像手機零件那樣。

Chinese workers are not forced into factories 中國工人并不是因為我們對于ipods 的無限渴求 Because of our insatiable desire for ipods.而被迫進入工廠的。

They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money, 他們選擇背井離鄉(xiāng)，是為了賺錢，to learn new skills.and to see the world.為了學習新的技能，以為為了看看這個世界。In the ongoing debate about globalization, what’s 在全球化發(fā)展趨勢的辯論中

been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.我們?nèi)笔У模邱雎牴と藗冏约旱穆曇?。Here are a few.以下就是一些例子。

Baoyongxiu：”My mother tells me to come home 包永秀（音譯）說：“我媽媽讓我回家結(jié)婚

and get married,but if i marry now,before i have fully 但是如果我還沒有讓自己的得到充分的發(fā)展

developed myself, i can only marry an ordinary worker, 就結(jié)婚，我只能嫁給一個平凡的工人，So i’m not in a rush”

所以我根本不著急?！?/p>

Chen Ying: “When I went home for the new year, 陳穎（音譯）說：“我過年回家的時候 everyone said I had changed.They asked me, 每個人都說我變了，他們問我：

What did you do that you have changed so much? 你怎么會有這么大的改變？

I told them that studied and worked hard.If you tell them 我告訴他們，我很努力地學習和工作，more,they won’t understand anyway.”

即便你想給他們講更多，他們反正也不能理解。” Wu Chunming:”Even if i make a lot of money, 吳春明（音譯）：“即使我賺了很多錢 It won’t satisfy me.也無法滿足我自己。

Just to make money is not enough meaning in life.” 賺錢并不是生活全部的意義?！?/p>

XiaoJin:”Now, after i get off work, i study English, 肖金（音譯）說：“現(xiàn)在我下班以后，就會去學英語 Because in the future，our customers won't 因為在不久的將來，我們的客戶將不僅僅是中國人，be only Chinese,so we must learn more languages.” 所以，我們需要學習更多的語言?！?/p>

All of these speakers,by the way, are young women, 以上的話，都是出自一些年輕女孩的口，18 or 19 years old.他們僅僅18、19歲。

So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers 因此，我花了兩年的時間去了解流水工作線上的工人們 Like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.例如在中國南部的一個工業(yè)城市——東莞。Certain subjects came up over and over: 有一些主要的問題不斷的重復著： How much money they made, 他們到底賺了多少錢，what kind of husband they hoped to marry, 他們想要嫁給怎樣的人，Whether they should jump to another factory 他們是否想要跳槽

Or stay where they were.還是留在一個工廠內(nèi)。

Other subjects came up almost never, including 另一些話題，則幾乎不被提起

living conditions that to me looked close to prison life;例如：在我眼中如牢獄般的生活條件 10 or 15 workers in one room，10-15個工人住在一個房間里，50 people sharing a single bathroom, 50個人公用一個廁所，days and nights ruled by the factory clock.日以繼夜地按照工廠的要求來作息。

Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances, 他們每一個人都知道，即便是住在如此的環(huán)境里面 And it was still better than the dormitories and homes 也會比他們在中國農(nóng)村的老家的條件 of rural China。好得多

They workers rarely spoke about the products they made, 工人們很少談?wù)撍麄冎圃斓漠a(chǎn)品，And they often had great difficulty explaining 他們往往很難解釋清楚 What exactly they did.他們到底做了什么。When I asked Lu Qingmin, 我訪問了呂清明（音譯）

The young woman I got to know best, 這個年輕的女孩是我最了解的，what exactly she did on the factory floor, 我問她她在工廠里到底從事什么工作

She said something to me in Chinese that sounded like 他用中文告訴我，聽起來像是 “qiu xi”

“秋西”。

Only much later did I realize that she had been saying 很久以后，我才知道她說的是 “QC,” or quality control.“QC”，也就是質(zhì)量監(jiān)控。

She couldn’t even tell me what she did on the factory floor.她竟然都不能告訴我她在工廠里做的是什么。All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation 她能做的就只是模仿一個英文縮寫的發(fā)音 In a language she didn’t even understand.而這個語言是她根本就不懂的。

Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism, 馬克思認為這就是資本主義的悲哀

the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.疏遠了工人與他們所制造的產(chǎn)品。

Unlike,say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets, 與傳統(tǒng)的鞋匠或者木匠不同，The worker in an industrial factory has no control, 工人在工廠沒有控制權(quán)，No pleasure,and no true satisfaction or understanding 在她所做的工作中，沒有快樂，In her own work.沒有真正的滿足或理解。

But like so many theories that Marx arrived at 但同許多馬克思

Sitting in the reading room of the British Museum, 坐在英國圖書館的閱讀室里想出來理論一樣，He got this one wrong.這一點，他錯了。

Just because a person spends her time 僅僅因為一個人用她的時間

Making a piece of something does not mean 去制造一件物品，并不代表

that she becomes that,a piece of something.她就變成了這件物品

What she does with the money she earns, 她用她賺的錢去做了什么

What she learns in that place,and how it changes her, 她在那個地方學到了什么技能，以及她如何被改變 These are the things that matter.這些才是最重要的。

What a factory makes is never the point,and 一個工廠制造什么并非重點，The workers could not care less who buys their products.工人們也不在乎誰買了他們制造的產(chǎn)品。Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories, 記著報道了關(guān)于中國工廠的新聞

on the other hand,plays up this relationship 另一方面，也強調(diào)了

Between the workers and the products they make.工人與產(chǎn)品之前的聯(lián)系。

Many articles calculate:How long would it take 很多文章都在計算：

For this worker to work in order to earn enough money 這些工人要工作多久，賺來的錢 To buy what he’s making? 才夠買一件他們制作的產(chǎn)品？

For example,an entry-level-line assembly line worker 舉個例子，一個初級組裝生產(chǎn)線的工人

In china in an iphone plant would have to shell out 在中國組裝iphone配件

Two and a half months wages for an iphone.要傾其2個半月的工資才能買一臺iphone。But how meaningful is this calculation, really? 但說真的，這些計算有任何意義嗎？ For example，I recently wrote an article 再舉個例子，我最近寫了一篇文章 In the New Yorker magazine.登在紐約客雜志上，But I can’t afford to buy an ad in it.但是也供不起我在雜志上登一個廣告。

But,who cares?I don’t want an ad in the New Yorker, 但是，誰在乎？我不需要在紐約客上登廣告

And most of these workers don’t really want iphones.其實，大部分的工人，也不是真的需要iphones。Their calculations are different.他們的計算方式是不同的。

How long should i stay in this factory? 我在工廠要待多久？

How much money can i save? 我能存多少錢？

How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car, 我需要多少錢才能買個房子，買輛車，To get married,or to put my child through school? 才能結(jié)婚，或者足以送我的小孩去學校？

The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract 這些我試圖去了解的工人們

Relationship with the product of their labor.對他們和產(chǎn)品之間的聯(lián)系有著很抽象的解讀。About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min，大概在我遇到陸青敏，也就是小敏的一年后 She invited me home to her family village 她邀請我去她農(nóng)村的家做客 For the Chinese New Year。過春節(jié)。

On the train home,she gave me a present;在回家的火車上，她給了我一個禮物；

A Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.一個棕色皮質(zhì)的Coach牌零錢包。I thanked her,assuming it was fake, 我謝了她，雖然我很自然地認為這應(yīng)該是個山寨的產(chǎn)品，Like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.就好像東莞在出售的大部分產(chǎn)品一樣。

After we got home,Min gave her mother another present;回家以后，小敏給了她媽媽另一個禮物： A pink Dooney&Bourke handbag, 一個Dooney&Bourke牌的粉色手提包，And a few nights later, her sister was showing off 幾天以后，她的姐姐正在展示 A maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag 一個紅褐色的LeSportsac 單肩包。

Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags 慢慢地，我好像明白了

Were made by their factory，這些東西都是她們工廠生產(chǎn)的

And every single one of them authentic.每一件東西，都是正品

Min’s sister said to her parents, 小敏的姐姐告訴她父母

“In American,this bag sells for 320 dollars.” “在美國，這個包要賣320美金?！?/p>

Her parents, who are both farmers,looked on,speechless.她的的農(nóng)民父母看了看，無言以對。

“And that’s not all--Coach is coming out with a new line, 還有，Coach 正在推出一系列新產(chǎn)品2191 2191，”she said，“One bag sell for 6000.” 她說：“這個好像要賣6000.”

She paused and said,”I don’t know if that’s 6000 yuan or 她停頓了一下：“我不知道是6000元人民幣，還是 6000 American dollars，but anyway, it’s 6000.” 6000美元，無論如何都是6000啦?！?/p>

Min’s sister’s boyfriend,who have traveled home with her 小敏姐姐的男友也回到家 For the new year, said, 與她一起過年，“It doesn’t look like it’s worth that much.” 他說：“看起來不值這么多錢。”

Min’s sister turned to him and said,”some people actually 小敏的姐姐對他說：“有的人

Understand these things.You don’t understand shit.” 就是懂這些東西，你懂啥?！?/p>

In Min’s world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.在小敏的世界里，Coach包包有一個很奇怪的價值。They weren’t exactly worthless, but they were nothing 它們雖然不是一文不值，但是相比起它們的實際價值 Lose to the actual value,because almost no one they knew 還是相差甚遠，因為他們所結(jié)識的人里面

Wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.幾乎沒有人想要買，也沒有人知道這值多少錢。Once,when Min’s older sister’s friend got married, 又一次，小敏大姐的一個朋友結(jié)婚

She brought a handbag along as a wedding present.她帶著一個手提包作為給新人的禮物。Another time, after Min had already left 又一次，小敏已經(jīng)離開手提包的工廠了

The handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit, 但她的小妹妹來看她的時候

Bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.帶了兩個經(jīng)典款Coach作為禮物。

and I found a printed card in English,which read, 看到一張卡片寫著一些英文： “An American classic.“美國經(jīng)典。

In 1941,the burnished patina 1941年那些表皮磨光的

Of an all-American baseball glove 美國棒球手套

Inspired the founder of Coach to create 啟發(fā)了Coach的創(chuàng)始人

a new collection of handbags from the same 促使其研發(fā)了一個新系列的手提包： Luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.奢華、柔軟的表面和手套的皮質(zhì)一樣。

Six skilled leather workers crafted 12 Signature handbags 6名技巧純熟的皮革工人制造12只經(jīng)典款手提包 With perfect proportions and a timeless flair.他們有著精準而快速的手藝。

They were fresh，functional，and women everywhere 這些手提包新穎，具有相當?shù)墓δ苄?，世界各地的女人都喜歡 Adored them.A new American classic was born.” 一個新的美國經(jīng)典誕生了?！?/p>

I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min 我想知道馬克思是否會被小敏 And her sisters.和她的姐妹所影響。

Their relationship with the product of their labor 她們與產(chǎn)品之間的關(guān)系

Was more complicated surprising and funny 更復雜、驚奇而且有趣

Than he could have imagined.這都超出他的想象。

And yet, his view of the world persists,and our tendency 但是，他對這個世界的觀點沒變，而我們卻將 To see the workers as faceless masses, 這些工人們看成是一群上不了臺面的群體，To imagine that can know what they’re really thinking.想象一下，假如我們可以了解工人們的真實想法。The first time I met Min,she had just turned 18 我第一次見到小敏的時候，她剛滿18歲 And quit her first job on the assembly line 她剛剛辭去在一家電子設(shè)備工廠的 Of an electronics factory.組裝生產(chǎn)線的工作。

Over the next two years，I watched as she switched jobs 接下來的兩年，我看著她換了5次工作，F(xiàn)ive times,eventually landing a lucrative post 最后固定在一個比較賺錢的職位

In the purchasing department of a hardware factory。是在一個硬件工廠的采購部門。

Later，she married a fellow migrant worker，不久，她嫁給了一個打工仔，Moved with him to his village，然后移居到了他的村子，Gave birth to two daughters，生了兩個女兒，And saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick 他們存夠了錢給她買了一輛二手別克車

For herself and an apartment for her parents。給她的父母買了房子。

She recently returned to Dongguan on her own 最近她獨自回到東莞

to take a job n a factory that makes construction cranes, 在一個起重機工廠里找了份工作，Temporarily leaving her husband and children 暫時與她村里的丈夫和孩子 Back in the village.分局兩地。

In a recent email to me,she explained, 在最近的一封郵件里，她解釋：

“A person should have some ambition while she id young “人們年輕的時候，應(yīng)該有所抱負

So that in old age she can look back on her life 那么在他們老的時候，回首過去

And fell that it was not lived to no purpose.” 就不會覺得這一生都毫無意義?！?/p>

Across China, there are 150 million workers like her, 在中國，有1億5千萬像她一樣的工人，One third of them women,who have left their villages 其中三分之一，是離鄉(xiāng)背井的女性，To work in the factories, the hotels,the restaurants 她們在工廠、酒店、餐廳

And the construction sites of the big cities.或者是大城市的建筑工地工作。

Together, they make up the largest migration in history, 這么算來，是她們創(chuàng)造了歷史上一個龐大的人口遷移的數(shù)字，And it is globalization, this chain that begins 而這個產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的起點，就是“全球化”的風靡 In a Chinese farming village 從中國的農(nóng)村

And end with iphones in our pockets and Nike on our feet 到最終進入我們口袋里的iphone和腳上的耐克 And Coach handbags on our arms 還有手中的Coach手提包

That has changed the way these millions of people 這改變了數(shù)百萬人的

Work and marry and live and think。工作、婚姻、生活和思想。

Very few of them would want to go back 他們其中很少有人

To the way things used to be。愿意回到過去的生活。

When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that 我第一次去東莞的時候，我很擔心

It would be depressing to spend so much time with workers。擔心與工人相處的時間會很壓抑沮喪。

I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them，我也擔心他們永遠不會改變，Or that they would have nothing to say to me?；蛘咚麄円矝]有什么能對我說的。

Instead,I found young women who were smart and funny 然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些年輕的女性都很聰明、風趣 And brave and generous.而且勇敢、大方。

By opening up their lives to me, 通過向我展示他們的生活，They taught me so much about factories 她們教給我很多關(guān)于工廠

And about China and about how to live in the world。關(guān)于中國，以及如何生存在這個世界的道理。This is the Coach purse that Min gave me 這就是小敏在回家的火車上

On the train home to visit her family。送給我的Coach錢包。

I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me 我一直保存著它，由此提醒著我與這些 To the young women I wrote about，我記錄過的年輕女生的聯(lián)系，Ties that are not economic but personal in nature，這些并不是因為經(jīng)濟而是因為個人情感的聯(lián)系，Measured not in money but in memories。價值并不是在于金錢而是記憶。

This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine，這個錢包也是一個提醒，Sitting in your office or in the library，你坐在辦公室或圖書館里時所想象的東西 Are not how you find when you actually go out 和你走出去真正接觸的東西 Into the world。并不一樣。Thank you。謝謝。

第四篇：TED演講

綠色未來（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。從本周開始，我們將開展“TED演講主題介紹”系列，陸續(xù)為大家介紹TED演講的各類主題，方便大家更快地找到自己喜歡的TED演講。眾所周知，TED剛剛創(chuàng)辦時的焦點是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娛樂）和Design（設(shè)計）三方面。但隨著TED的成長和知名度的增加，TED演講所涵蓋的行業(yè)也越來越廣泛。為了確保讀者們不會在大量的演講中迷失了方向，TED網(wǎng)站貼心地將所有的演講分門別類，歸納到不同的主題中，既方便讀者們針對自己感興趣的內(nèi)容有選擇地觀看演講，也便于大家觀看和某一演講相關(guān)的其他內(nèi)容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地將已翻譯好的主題簡介帶給大家，并為大家推薦相關(guān)主題下的已翻譯演講、待翻譯演講和待校對演講。

本周為大家介紹的主題是–A Greener Future? 綠色未來

該主題在TED的網(wǎng)址是:

在TEDtoChina的網(wǎng)址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主題簡介

關(guān)于環(huán)境的辯論通常被定性為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和保護地球這兩種勢力間的較量。然而，大多數(shù)TED演講者堅持魚和熊掌可以兼得的觀點——只要我們在處理環(huán)境問題時足夠聰明。

阿爾·戈爾作為宣傳氣候危機的領(lǐng)軍人，堅持人類可以通過細微處的改進以在避免災難的同時保持經(jīng)濟的活躍發(fā)展。建筑師威廉·麥克多納向人們展現(xiàn)了偉大設(shè)計的力量，它作用在整個文明體系上，而不僅僅是針對局部領(lǐng)域，并能持久地擔負起豐富的未來。馬約拉·卡特談及了她為曾陷入腐化的的紐約南布隆克斯區(qū)帶來綠色生機的工程。

愛德華·伯汀斯基關(guān)于環(huán)境損害和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的異常精致的攝影作品記錄了人類發(fā)展從未停滯的腳步。而生物學家愛德華·奧斯伯·威爾森向我們分享了他最大的心愿——人類社會團結(jié)起來保護地球上的生命。

◎ 演講者推薦

阿爾·戈爾(Al Gore)：美國政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年間在比爾·克林頓掌政時擔任美國第四十五任副總統(tǒng)。其后升為一名國際上著名的環(huán)境學家，由

于在環(huán)球氣候變化與環(huán)境問題上的貢獻受到國際的肯定，因而與政府間氣候變化專門委員會共同獲得2007諾貝爾和平獎。

珍·古道爾(Jane Goodall)：英國生物學家、動物行為學家和著名動物保育人士。珍·古道爾長期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得豐碩成果。她的工作糾正了許多學術(shù)界對黑猩猩這一物種長期以來的錯誤認識，揭示了許多黑猩猩社群中鮮為人知的秘密。除了對黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道爾還熱心投身于環(huán)境教育和公益事業(yè)，由她創(chuàng)建并管理的珍·古道爾研究會（國際珍古道爾協(xié)會）是著名民間動物保育機構(gòu)，在促進黑猩猩保育、推廣動物福利、推進環(huán)境和人道主義教育等領(lǐng)域進行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道爾研究會創(chuàng)立的根與芽是目前全球最活躍的面向青年的環(huán)境教育計劃之一。由于珍·古道爾在黑猩猩研究和環(huán)境教育等領(lǐng)域的杰出貢獻，她在 1995年獲英國女王伊麗莎白二世榮封為皇家女爵士，在2002年獲頒聯(lián)合國和平使者。

（演講者簡介來自維基百科）

◎ 部分已翻譯演講（簡體中文）推薦：

1.阿爾·戈爾關(guān)于避免氣候危機的演講

“此次演講流露出的幽默感和人道主義跟在他的紀錄電影”難以忽視的真相“如出一轍，戈爾闡明了15種應(yīng)對氣候危機立馬有效的方法而且簡單易行，從購買混合動力產(chǎn)品到發(fā)明新產(chǎn)品替代碳排放產(chǎn)品，使“全球溫室效應(yīng)”更加深入人心?！?/p>

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改變世界”（Worldchanging.com）網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)建人，他在這個演講中指出，減低人類生態(tài)足跡在當下之意義尤為巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式將不能推廣到發(fā)展中國家，因為那樣將消耗大量的資源。(因為西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推廣到發(fā)展中國家，進一步加劇著資源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修復雨林

透過復雜的生態(tài)學，生物學家Willie Smits發(fā)掘一個重新植林的快捷方式，在婆羅洲救回了許多棲息于當?shù)氐募t毛猩猩，進而創(chuàng)造出一個得以修復脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的藍圖。

4.William McDonough 談「從搖籃到搖籃」理念

致力于環(huán)保的建筑師兼設(shè)計師 William McDonough 問，如果設(shè)計師心系所有子孫、所有物種、直到永遠，我們的建筑及產(chǎn)品會是什么樣子？

5.查爾斯·摩爾：塑料充斥的海洋

查爾斯·摩爾船長是Algalita海洋研究基金會的創(chuàng)始人，他第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了大太平洋垃圾帶——一片無邊無際漂浮著塑料垃圾的海域?，F(xiàn)在，他為我們講述大海面臨的日益嚴重的塑料碎片污染問題。

◎ 待校對演講（簡體中文）推薦

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是這個星期的TED主題介紹。希望大家能從上面的演講中有所收獲。大家也可以點擊這里的網(wǎng)址來查看所有該主題下演講的翻譯進度（簡體中文和繁體中文）。

如果大家對此專欄有何建議的話，歡迎大家在下面留言，或是電郵至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我們下期再見。

第五篇：Ted演講

Ralph Langner談21世紀電子武器Stuxnet揭密

關(guān)于這場演講

Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲于2010年首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶來了令人費解的謎團。除了它不尋常且高度復雜的編碼以外，還隱藏著一個更令人不安的謎團：它的攻擊目標。Ralph Langner及其團隊協(xié)助破解Stuxnet編碼，找出這個數(shù)字彈頭的最終攻擊目標－以及其幕后源頭。經(jīng)使用計算機數(shù)字鑒識方法深入檢視后，他解釋了其運作原理。

關(guān)于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德國控制系統(tǒng)的安全顧問。他對Stuxnet惡意軟件的分析受到全球矚目。

為什么要聽他演講

Ralph Langner為獨立網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全公司Langner的領(lǐng)導者，專營控制系統(tǒng)－監(jiān)控和調(diào)控其它設(shè)備的電子裝置，如生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。這些裝置與運作我們城市和國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有密切關(guān)系，這使它們逐漸成為一場新興且具高度復雜型態(tài)的電子戰(zhàn)爭攻擊目標。自2010年起，當Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲首次現(xiàn)身時，Langner堅決地投身于這個戰(zhàn)場。

身為致力于譯碼這個神秘程序的一份子，Langner和他的團隊分析Stuxnet的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，并找出他認為其最終的攻擊目標：運行于核工廠離心機的控制系統(tǒng)軟件－特別是伊朗的核工廠。Langner進一步分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)Stuxnet可能的幕后源頭，并于TED2011演講中透露這個秘密。

Ralph Langner的英語網(wǎng)上資料

網(wǎng)站：Langner

[TED科技?娛樂?設(shè)計]

已有中譯字幕的TED影片目錄（繁體）（簡體）。請注意繁簡目錄是不一樣的。

Ralph Langner談21世紀電子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet計算機蠕蟲背后的想法其實很簡單，我們不希望伊朗造出原子彈，他們發(fā)展核武器的主要資產(chǎn)是納坦茲的濃縮鈾工廠，你們看到的灰色方塊是實時控制系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)在，如果我們設(shè)法破壞控制速度和閥門的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，我們事實上可以使離心機產(chǎn)生很多問題。這些灰色方塊無法執(zhí)行Windows軟件，兩者是完全不同的技術(shù)，但如果我們設(shè)法將一個有效的Windows病毒放進一臺筆記本電腦里，由一位機械工程師操作，設(shè)定這個灰色方塊，那么我們就可以著手進行了，這就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此，我們從Windows釋放程序開始，讓病毒載體進入灰色方塊中，破壞離心機，延遲伊朗的核計劃，任務(wù)完成，很簡單，對吧？我想說明我們是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)這個的，當我們在半年前開始研究Stuxnet時，對這個東西的攻擊目標一無所知，唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常復雜，釋放程序部份使用多個零日漏洞，它似乎想要做些什么，用這些灰色方塊，這些實時控制系統(tǒng)，因此，這引起我們的注意，我們開始了一個實驗計劃，我們用Stuxnet感染我們的系統(tǒng)并審視結(jié)果，然后一些非常有趣的事發(fā)生了。Stuxnet表現(xiàn)得像只白老鼠，不喜歡我們的奶酪，聞一聞，但不想吃。這根本沒道里。之后，我們用不同口味的奶酪進行實驗，我意識到，哦，這是一個直接攻擊，完全直接的。釋放程序在這些灰

色方塊中有效的潛伏著，如果它發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個特定程序組態(tài)，甚至是它正試圖感染的程序，它都會確實針對這個目標執(zhí)行，如果沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以這真的引起了我的注意，我們開始進行這方面的工作，幾乎日以繼夜，因為我想，好吧，我們不知道它的目標是什么，很可能的，比方說美國的發(fā)電廠，或德國的化工廠，所以我們最好盡快找出目標。因此，我們抽出攻擊代碼并進行反編譯，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的結(jié)構(gòu)由兩個數(shù)字炸彈組成，一個較小、一個較大。我們也看到，這是非常專業(yè)的設(shè)計，由顯然知道所有內(nèi)幕信息的人編寫，他們知道所有必需攻擊的位和字節(jié)，搞不好他們還知道控制員的鞋子尺寸，因此他們什么都知道。

如果你曾聽過Stuxnet的釋放程序，是復雜、高科技的，讓我跟你們說明一下。病毒本身是很高科技沒錯，比我們曾見過的任何編碼都高深，這是這個實際攻擊代碼的樣本，我們談?wù)摰氖谴蟾?5,000行的代碼，看起來很像舊式的匯編語言。我想告訴你們的是，我們?nèi)绾文軌蚶斫膺@段代碼，所以，我們首先要尋找的是系統(tǒng)的函數(shù)調(diào)用，因為我們知道它們的作用是什么。

然后，我們尋找時間控制器和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖將其與真實世界連結(jié)起來，尋找現(xiàn)實世界中的潛在目標，因此我們必需進行目標推測，以便確認或排除。為了找到推測目標，我們想到，它必定具有絕對破壞性，必定是一個高價值目標，最可能設(shè)置在伊朗，因為這是大部份感染發(fā)生的地點。在這區(qū)域內(nèi)你不會找到幾千個目標，基本上范圍可以縮小為布什爾核電廠及納坦茲濃縮鈾工廠。

所以我告訴我的助手，“列出我們客戶中所有離心機和核電廠專家的名單”，我打電話給他們，聽取他們的意見，努力用我們在代碼和數(shù)據(jù)中的發(fā)現(xiàn)與他們的專業(yè)知識做對照。這很有效，因此，我們找出了這個小數(shù)字彈頭與轉(zhuǎn)子控制的關(guān)聯(lián)，轉(zhuǎn)子是離心機內(nèi)部的運轉(zhuǎn)零件，就是你們看到的這個黑色物體，如果控制這個轉(zhuǎn)子的速度，事實上你就能使轉(zhuǎn)子損壞，甚至最后使離心機爆炸。我們也看到了這次攻擊的目標，實際上進行的相當緩慢、低調(diào)，顯然為了達成目標，快把維修工程師逼瘋了，因為他們無法迅速找出答案。

這個大數(shù)字彈頭－我們做過嘗試，非常仔細檢查數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，例如數(shù)字164在這些代碼中確實很突出，你不能忽視它。我開始研究科學文獻，這些離心機如何在納坦茲組建，并找出它們的結(jié)構(gòu)，就是所謂的層級。每個層級由164臺離心機組成，這就說的通了，與我們的結(jié)果匹配。

而它甚至更有幫助。這些在伊朗的離心機細分為15種所謂的等級，你猜我們在攻擊代碼中發(fā)現(xiàn)什么？一個幾乎相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，同樣的，這與結(jié)果完美匹配，就我們所尋找的東西來說，這給了我們相當大的信心。別誤解我的意思，不是像這樣彈指之間，為了獲致這些成果，歷經(jīng)幾星期相當艱苦的奮斗，我們常常走進死胡同，必需重新來過。

總之，我們找到了這兩個數(shù)字彈頭，實際上是針對同一個目標，但從不同角度。小彈頭對準一個層級，讓轉(zhuǎn)子加速旋轉(zhuǎn)然后急遽減速，而大彈頭影響六個層級并操縱閥門，總之，我們非常有信心，我們已經(jīng)確認目標是什么，是納坦茲，就只有納坦茲。因此，我們不必擔心其它目標可能被Stuxnet攻擊。

我們看到一些非?？岬臇|西，真的讓我印象深刻。下方是灰色方塊，頂端你們看到的是離心機，這些東西所做的是攔截來自傳感器的輸入值，例如，來自壓力傳感器和振動傳感器的，它提供正常代碼，在攻擊中依然執(zhí)行，用的是假的輸入數(shù)

據(jù)。事實上，這個假的輸入數(shù)據(jù)是Stuxnet事先錄制的，因此，這就像來自好萊塢電影的搶劫過程中，監(jiān)視器被放入預錄的影片，酷吧？

這里的想法顯然不僅是愚弄控制室中的操作者，實際上更加危險且更具攻擊性，這個想法是規(guī)避數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)。我們需要數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)，當一位人類操作員的行動不夠快時，因此，例如在一座核電廠中，當一臺大蒸汽渦輪機嚴重超速時，你必須在一毫秒內(nèi)打開泄壓閥。顯然，一位人類操作員辦不到，因此，這就是我們需要使用數(shù)字安全系統(tǒng)之處。當它們被破壞，真正糟糕的事就會發(fā)生了，你的工廠會爆炸，無論你的操作員或安全系統(tǒng)都無法注意到這一點，這很可怕。

但還會更糟。我要說的這些相當重要，想想看，這種攻擊是一般性的，它沒什么特定性，對離心機來說，還有濃縮鈾，因此，它也會作用于，例如一座核電廠或一座汽車工廠，它是通用的，你不需要－身為攻擊者，你不需要藉由USB裝置傳遞這個病毒載體，如我們在Stuxnet例子中看到的，你也可以使用傳統(tǒng)的蠕蟲病毒技術(shù)的來散播，盡可能傳播四方。如果你這么做，最終它會變成具大規(guī)模破壞性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)武器，這是我們必然會面臨的后果。所以，不幸的是，這種攻擊最大量的目標并不是在中東，而是在美國、歐洲和日本。因此，所有這些綠色區(qū)域就是遭受最多攻擊的目標，我們必須面對這個后果，我們最好現(xiàn)在開始做準備。

謝謝。

（掌聲）

Chris Anderson：我有個問題，Ralph，這件事已廣為人知，人們認為摩薩德（以色列情報機構(gòu)）是幕后的主要推手，你也這么認為嗎？

Ralph Langner：好，你真的想知道嗎？

Chris Anderson：是啊!

Ralph Langner：好，我的看法是，摩薩德有參與，但以色列并非領(lǐng)導勢力。因此，背后的主導力量是網(wǎng)絡(luò)超級大國，只有一個，就是美國。幸好、幸好，因為如果不是這樣，我們的問題可能更大。

CA：謝謝你嚇壞了美國人，謝謝Ralph。