第一篇：J. K. Rowling 哈佛演講

President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates，福斯特主席，哈佛公司和監(jiān)察委員會的各位成員，各位老師、家長、全體畢業(yè)生們：

The first thing I would like to say is “thank you.” Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I’ve endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight.A win-win situation!Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world’s largest Gryffindors' reunion.首先請允許我說一聲謝謝。哈佛不僅給了我無上的榮譽，連日來為這個演講經受的恐懼和緊張，更令我減肥成功。這真是一個雙贏的局面?，F(xiàn)在我要做的就是深呼吸幾下，瞇著眼睛看看前面的大紅橫幅，安慰自己正在世界上最大的魔法學院聚會上。

Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility;or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation.The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock.Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said.This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.發(fā)表畢業(yè)演說是一個巨大的責任，至少在我回憶自己當年的畢業(yè)典禮前是這么認為的。那天做演講的是英國著名的哲學家Baroness Mary Warnock，對她演講的回憶，對我寫今天的演講稿，產生了極大的幫助，因為我不記得她說過的任何一句話了。這個發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我釋然，讓我不再擔心我可能會無意中影響你放棄在商業(yè)，法律或政治上的大好前途，轉而醉心于成為一個快樂的魔法師。

You see? If all you remember in years to come is the 'gay wizard' joke, I've still come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock.Achievable goals-the first step to self-improvement.你們看，如果在若干年后你們還記得“快樂的魔法師”這個笑話，那就證明我已經超越了Baroness Mary Warnock。建立可實現(xiàn)的目標——這是提高自我的第一步。

Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today.I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this.實際上，我為今天應該和大家談些什么絞盡了腦汁。我問自己什么是我希望早在畢業(yè)典禮上就該了解的，而從那時起到現(xiàn)在的21年間，我又得到了什么重要的啟示。

I have come up with two answers.On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure.And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes called 'real life', I want to extol the crucial importance of imagination.我想到了兩個答案。在這美好的一天，當我們一起慶祝你們取得學業(yè)成就的時刻，我希望告訴你們失敗有什么樣的益處；在你們即將邁向“現(xiàn)實生活”的道路之際，我還要褒揚想象力的重要性。

These may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but bear with me.這些似乎是不切實際或自相矛盾的選擇，但請先容我講完。

Looking back at the 21-year-old that I was at graduation is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become.Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.回顧21歲剛剛畢業(yè)時的自己，對于今天42歲的我來說，是一個稍微不太舒服的經歷。可以說，我人生的前一部分，一直掙扎在自己的雄心和身邊的人對我的期望之間。

I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels.However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.我一直深信，自己唯一想做的事情，就是寫小說。不過，我的父母，他們都來自貧窮的背景，沒有任何一人上過大學，堅持認為我過度的想象力是一個令人驚訝的個人怪癖，根本不足以讓我支付按揭，或者取得足夠的養(yǎng)老金。

I know the irony strikes like with the force of a cartoon anvil now, but? 我現(xiàn)在明白反諷就像用卡通鐵砧去打擊你，但...They had hoped that I would take a vocational degree;I wanted to study English Literature.A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages.Hardly had my parents' car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.他們希望我去拿個職業(yè)學位，而我想去攻讀英國文學。最后，達成了一個雙方都不甚滿意的妥協(xié)：我改學現(xiàn)代語言?？墒堑鹊礁改敢蛔唛_，我立刻放棄了德語而報名學習古典文學。

I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics;they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day.Of all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.我不記得將這事告訴了父母，他們可能是在我畢業(yè)典禮那一天才發(fā)現(xiàn)的。我想，在全世界的所有專業(yè)中，他們也許認為，不會有比研究希臘神話更沒用的專業(yè)了，根本無法換來一間獨立寬敞的衛(wèi)生間。

I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view.There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction;the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you.What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty.They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience.Poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression;it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships.Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.我想澄清一下：我不會因為父母的觀點，而責怪他們。埋怨父母給你指錯方向是有一個時間段的。當你成長到可以控制自我方向的時候，你就要自己承擔責任了。尤其是，我不會因為父母希望我不要過窮日子，而責怪他們。他們一直很貧窮，我后來也一度很窮，所以我很理解他們。貧窮并不是一種高貴的經歷，它帶來恐懼、壓力、有時還有絕望，它意味著許許多多的羞辱和艱辛?？孔约旱呐[脫貧窮，確實可以引以自豪，但貧窮本身只有對傻瓜而言才是浪漫的。

What I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.我在你們這個年齡，最害怕的不是貧窮，而是失敗。

At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.我在您們這么大時，明顯缺乏在大學學習的動力，我花了太久時間在咖啡吧寫故事，而在課堂的時間卻很少。我有一個通過考試的訣竅，并且數(shù)年間一直讓我在大學生活和同齡人中不落人后。

I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak.Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the Fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled privilege and contentment.我不想愚蠢地假設，因為你們年輕、有天份，并且受過良好的教育，就從來沒有遇到困難或心碎的時刻。擁有才華和智慧，從來不會使人對命運的反復無常有所準備；我也不會假設大家坐在這里冷靜地滿足于自身的優(yōu)越感。

However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure.You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average person's idea of success, so high have you already flown academically.相反，你們是哈佛畢業(yè)生的這個事實，意味著你們并不很了解失敗。你們也許極其渴望成功，所以非常害怕失敗。說實話，你們眼中的失敗，很可能就是普通人眼中的成功，畢竟你們在學業(yè)上已經達到很高的高度了。

Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let it.So I think it fair to say that by any conventional measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale.An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless.The fears my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.最終，我們所有人都必須自己決定什么算作失敗，但如果你愿意，世界是相當渴望給你一套標準的。所以我承認命運的公平，從任何傳統(tǒng)的標準看，在我畢業(yè)僅僅七年后的日子里，我的失敗達到了史詩般空前的規(guī)模：短命的婚姻閃電般地破裂，我又失業(yè)成了一個艱難的單身母親。除了流浪漢，我是當代英國最窮的人之一，真的一無所有。當年父母和我自己對未來的擔憂，現(xiàn)在都變成了現(xiàn)實。按照慣常的標準來看，我也是我所知道的最失敗的人。Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun.That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution.I had no idea how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.現(xiàn)在，我不打算站在這里告訴你們，失敗是有趣的。那段日子是我生命中的黑暗歲月，我不知道它是否代表童話故事里需要歷經的磨難，更不知道自己還要在黑暗中走多久。很長一段時間里，前面留給我的只是希望，而不是現(xiàn)實。So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential.I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me.Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged.I was set free, because my greatest fear had already been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea.And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.那么為什么我要談論失敗的好處呢？因為失敗意味著剝離掉那些不必要的東西。我因此不再偽裝自己、遠離自我，而重新開始把所有精力放在對我最重要的事情上。如果不是沒有在其他領域成功過，我可能就不會找到，在一個我確信真正屬于的舞臺上取得成功的決心。我獲得了自由，因為最害怕的雖然已經發(fā)生了，但我還活著，我仍然有一個我深愛的女兒，我還有一個舊打字機和一個很大的想法。所以困境的谷底，成為我重建生活的堅實基礎。

You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable.It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default.你們可能永遠沒有達到我經歷的那種失敗程度，但有些失敗，在生活中是不可避免的。生活不可能沒有一點失敗，除非你生活的萬般小心，而那也意味著你沒有真正在生活了。無論怎樣，有些失敗還是注定地要發(fā)生。

Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations.Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way.I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected;I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above rubies.失敗使我的內心產生一種安全感，這是我從考試中沒有得到過的。失敗讓我看清自己，這也是我通過其他方式無法體會的。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我比自己認為的，要有更強的意志和決心。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，我擁有比寶石更加珍貴的朋友。The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity.Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I ever earned.從挫折中獲得智慧、變得堅強，意味著你比以往任何時候都更有能力生存。只有在逆境來臨的時候，你才會真正認識你自己，了解身邊的人。這種了解是真正的財富，雖然是用痛苦換來的，但比我以前得到的任何資格證書都有用。Given a time machine or a Time Turner, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement.Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two.Life is difficult, and complicated, and beyond anyone's total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.如果給我一部時間機器，我會告訴21歲的自己，人的幸福在于知道生活不是一份漂亮的成績單，你的資歷、簡歷，都不是你的生活，雖然你會碰到很多與我同齡或更老一點的人今天依然還在混淆兩者。生活是艱辛的，復雜的，超出任何人的控制能力，而謙恭地了解這一點，將使你歷經滄桑后能夠更好的生存。You might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so.Though I will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense.Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation.In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise with humans whose experiences we have never shared.對于第二個主題的選擇——想象力的重要性——你們可能會認為是因為它對我重建生活起到了幫助，但事實并非完全如此。雖然我愿誓死捍衛(wèi)睡前要給孩子講故事的價值觀，我對想象力的理解已經有了更廣泛的含義。想象力不僅僅是人類設想還不存在的事物這種獨特的能力，為所有發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新提供源泉，它還是人類改造和揭露現(xiàn)實的能力，使我們同情自己不曾經受的他人苦難。One of the greatest formative experiences of my life preceded Harry Potter, though it informed much of what I subsequently wrote in those books.This revelation came in the form of one of my earliest day jobs.Though I was sloping off to write stories during my lunch hours, I paid the rent in my early 20s by working in the research department at Amnesty International's headquarters in London.其中一個影響最大的經歷發(fā)生在我寫哈利波特之前，為我隨后寫書提供了很多想法。這些想法成形于我早期的工作經歷，在20多歲時，盡管我可以在午餐時間里悄悄寫故事，可為了付房租，我做的主要工作是在倫敦總部的大赦國際研究部門。

There in my little office I read hastily scribbled letters smuggled out of totalitarian regimes by men and women who were risking imprisonment to inform the outside world of what was happening to them.I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends.I read the testimony of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries.I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts of summary trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.在我的小辦公室，我看到了人們匆匆寫的信件，它們是從極權主義政權被偷送出來的。那些人冒著被監(jiān)禁的危險，告知外面的世界他們那里正在發(fā)生的事情。我看到了那些無跡可尋的人的照片，它們是被那些絕望的家人和朋友送來的。我看過拷問受害者的證詞和被害的照片。我打開過手寫的目擊證詞，描述綁架和強奸犯的審判和處決。

Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced from their homes, or fled into exile, because they had the temerity to think independently of their government.Visitors to our office included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those who they had left behind.我有很多的同事是前政治犯，他們已離開家園流離失所，或逃亡流放，因為他們敢于懷疑政府、獨立思考。來我們辦公室的訪客，包括那些前來提供信息，或想設法知道那些被迫留下的同志發(fā)生了什么事的人。

I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland.He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him.He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child.I was given the job of escorting him to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.我將永遠不會忘記一個非洲酷刑的受害者，一名當時還沒有我大的年輕男子，他因在故鄉(xiāng)的經歷而精神錯亂。在攝像機前講述被殘暴地摧殘的時候，他顫抖失控。他比我高一英尺，卻看上去像一個脆弱的兒童。我被安排隨后護送他到地鐵站，這名生活已被殘酷地打亂的男子，小心翼翼地握著我的手，祝我未來生活幸福。And as long as I live I shall remember walking along an empty corridor and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream of pain and horror such as I have never heard since.The door opened, and the researcher poked out her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her.She had just given him the news that in retaliation for his own outspokenness against his country's regime, his mother had been seized and executed.只要我活著，我還會記得，在一個空蕩蕩的的走廊，突然從背后的門里，傳來我從未聽過的痛苦和恐懼的尖叫。門打開了，調查員探出頭請求我，為坐在她旁邊的青年男子，調一杯熱飲料。她剛剛給他的消息是，為了報復他對國家政權的批評，他的母親已經被捕并執(zhí)行了槍決。

Every day of my working week in my early 20s I was reminded how incredibly fortunate I was, to live in a country with a democratically elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.在我20多歲的那段日子，每一天的工作，都在提醒我自己是多么幸運。生活在一個民選政府的國家，依法申述與公開審理，是所有人的權利。

Every day, I saw more evidence about the evils humankind will inflict on their fellow humans, to gain or maintain power.I began to have nightmares, literal nightmares, about some of the things I saw, heard and read.每一天，我都能看到更多有關惡人的證據(jù)，他們?yōu)榱双@得或維持權力，對自己的同胞犯下暴行。我開始做噩夢，真正意義上的噩夢，全都和我所見所聞有關。And yet I also learned more about human goodness at Amnesty International than I had ever known before.同時在這里我也了解到更多關于人類的善良，比我以前想象的要多很多。Amnesty mobilises thousands of people who have never been tortured or imprisoned for their beliefs to act on behalf of those who have.The power of human empathy, leading to collective action, saves lives, and frees prisoners.Ordinary people, whose personal well-being and security are assured, join together in huge numbers to save people they do not know, and will never meet.My small participation in that process was one of the most humbling and inspiring experiences of my life.大赦動員成千上萬沒有因為個人信仰而受到折磨或監(jiān)禁的人，去為那些遭受這種不幸的人奔走。人類同理心的力量，引發(fā)集體行動，拯救生命，解放囚犯。個人的福祉和安全有保證的普通百姓，攜手合作，大量挽救那些他們素不相識，也許永遠不會見面的人。我用自己微薄的力量參與了這一過程，也獲得了更大的啟發(fā)。Unlike any other creature on this planet, humans can learn and understand, without having experienced.They can think themselves into other people's minds, imagine themselves into other people's places.不同于在這個星球上任何其他的動物，人類可以學習和理解未曾經歷過的東西。他們可以將心比心、設身處地的理解他人。

Of course, this is a power, like my brand of fictional magic, that is morally neutral.One might use such an ability to manipulate, or control, just as much as to understand or sympathise.當然，這種能力，就像在我虛構的魔法世界里一樣，在道德上是中立的。一個人可能會利用這種能力去操縱控制，也有人選擇去了解同情。

And many prefer not to exercise their imaginations at all.They choose to remain comfortably within the bounds of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are.They can refuse to hear screams or to peer inside cages;they can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally;they can refuse to know.而很多人選擇不去使用他們的想象力。他們選擇留在自己舒適的世界里，從來不愿花力氣去想想如果生在別處會怎樣。他們可以拒絕去聽別人的尖叫，看一眼囚禁的籠子；他們可以封閉自己的內心，只要痛苦不觸及個人，他們可以拒絕去了解。

I might be tempted to envy people who can live that way, except that I do not think they have any fewer nightmares than I do.Choosing to live in narrow spaces can lead to a form of mental agoraphobia, and that brings its own terrors.I think the wilfully unimaginative see more monsters.They are often more afraid.我可能會受到誘惑，去嫉妒那樣生活的人。但我不認為他們做的噩夢會比我更少。選擇生活在狹窄的空間，可以導致不敢面對開闊的視野，給自己帶來恐懼感。我認為不愿展開想像的人會看到更多的怪獸，他們往往更感到更害怕。

What is more, those who choose not to empathise may enable real monsters.For without ever committing an act of outright evil ourselves, we collude with it, through our own apathy.更甚的是，那些選擇不去同情的人，可能會激活真正的怪獸。因為盡管自己沒有犯下罪惡，我們卻通過冷漠與之勾結。

One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured at the age of 18, in search of something I could not then define, was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.我18歲開始從古典文學中汲取許多知識，其中之一當時并不完全理解，那就是希臘作家普魯塔克所說：我們內心獲得的，將改變外在的現(xiàn)實。

That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives.It expresses, in part, our inescapable connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other people's lives simply by existing.那是一個驚人的論斷，在我們生活的每一天里被無數(shù)次證實。它指明我們與外部世界有無法脫離的聯(lián)系，我們以自身的存在接觸著他人的生命。

But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other people's lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities.Even your nationality sets you apart.The great majority of you belong to the world's only remaining superpower.The way you vote, the way you live, the way you protest, the pressure you bring to bear on your government, has an impact way beyond your borders.That is your privilege, and your burden.但是，哈佛大學的2008屆畢業(yè)生們，你們多少人有可能去觸及他人的生命？你們的智慧，你們努力工作的能力，以及你們所受到的教育，給予你們獨特的地位和責任。甚至你們的國籍也讓你們與眾不同，你們絕大部份人屬于這個世界上唯一的超級大國。你們表決的方式，你們生活的方式，你們抗議的方式，你們給政府帶來的壓力，具有超乎尋常的影響力。這是你們的特權，也是你們的責任。If you choose to use your status and influence to raise your voice on behalf of those who have no voice;if you choose to identify not only with the powerful, but with the powerless;if you retain the ability to imagine yourself into the lives of those who do not have your advantages, then it will not only be your proud families who celebrate your existence, but thousands and millions of people whose reality you have helped transform for the better.We do not need magic to change the world, we carry all the power we need inside ourselves already: we have the power to imagine better.如果你選擇利用自己的地位和影響，去為那些沒有發(fā)言權的人發(fā)出聲音；如果你選擇不僅與強者為伍，還會同情幫扶弱者；如果你會設身處地為不如你的人著想，那么你的存在，將不僅是你家人的驕傲，更是無數(shù)因為你的幫助而改變命運的成千上萬人的驕傲。我們不需要改變世界的魔法，我們自己的內心就有這種力量：那就是我們一直在夢想，讓這個世界變得更美好。

I am nearly finished.I have one last hope for you, which is something that I already had at 21.The friends with whom I sat on graduation day have been my friends for life.They are my children's godparents, the people to whom I've been able to turn in times of trouble, friends who have been kind enough not to sue me when I've used their names for Death Eaters.At our graduation we were bound by enormous affection, by our shared experience of a time that could never come again, and, of course, by the knowledge that we held certain photographic evidence that would be exceptionally valuable if any of us ran for Prime Minister.我的演講要接近尾聲了。對你們，我有最后一個希望，也是我21歲時就有的。畢業(yè)那天坐在我身邊的朋友現(xiàn)在是我終身的摯交，他們是我孩子的教父母，是在我遇到麻煩時愿意伸出援手，在我用他們的名字給哈利波特中的“食死徒”起名而不會起訴我的朋友。我們在畢業(yè)典禮時坐在了一起，因為我們關系親密，擁有共同的永遠無法再來的經歷，當然，也因為假想要是我們中的任何人競選首相，那照片將是極為寶貴的關系證明。

So today, I can wish you nothing better than similar friendships.And tomorrow, I hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of Seneca, another of those old Romans I met when I fled down the Classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom: 所以今天我可以給你們的，沒有比擁有知己更好的祝福了。明天，我希望即使你們不記得我說的任何一個字，你們還能記得哲學家塞內加的一句至理明言。我當年沒有順著事業(yè)的階梯向上攀爬，轉而與他在古典文學的殿堂相遇，他的古老智慧給了我人生的啟迪：

As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.生活就像故事一樣：不在乎長短，而在于質量，這才是最重要的。I wish you all very good lives.我祝愿你們都有美好的生活。Thank you very much.

第二篇：J.K.Rowling演講詞

You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable.It is

impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default.Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations.Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way.I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected;I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies.The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity.Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I ever earned.Given a time machine or a Time Turner, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement.Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two.Life is difficult, and complicated, and beyond anyone's total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable.It is

impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default.Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations.Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way.I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected;I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies.The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity.Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I ever earned.Given a time machine or a Time Turner, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement.Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two.Life is difficult, and complicated, and beyond anyone's total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.

第三篇：比爾蓋茨哈佛演講 全文

比爾蓋茨哈佛演講 全文

Remarks of Bill Gates Harvard Commencement June 7, 2007

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:

I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: ―Dad, I always told you

I’d come back and get my degree.‖ I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me ―Harvard’s most successful dropout.‖ I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I’m a bad influence.That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be

here today.Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the morning.That’s how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee success.One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world’s first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: ―We’re not quite ready, come see usin a month,‖ which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey

with Microsoft.What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I

made, and the ideas I worked on.But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn

millions of people to lives of despair.I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics.I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.Whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity –

reducing inequity is the highest human achievement.I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country.And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing

countries.It took me decades to find out.You graduates came to Harvard at a different time.You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before.In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives.Where would you spend it?

For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country.Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever.One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in

the United States.We were shocked.We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them.But it did not.For under a

dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being

delivered.If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.We said to ourselves: ―This can’t be true.But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.‖

So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it.We asked: ―How could the world let these children die?‖

The answer is simple, and harsh.The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it.So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and

no voice in the system.But you and I have both.We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop amore creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities.We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the

people who pay the taxes.If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world.This task is open-ended.It can never be finished.But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change

the world.I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope.They say: ―Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just …don’t … care.‖ I completely

disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do.If we had known how to help, we

would have acted.The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.But complexity blocks all three steps.Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems.When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference.They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: ―Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane.We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.‖

The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable

deaths.We don’t read much about these deaths.The media covers what’s new –and millions of people dying is nothing new.So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore.But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help.And so

we look away.If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks ―How can I help?,‖ then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring

to matter.Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bed net.The AIDS epidemic offers an example.The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.The highest-leverage approach is prevention.The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century– which is to surrender to

complexity and quit.The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so

that others learn from your efforts.You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives.Millions!Think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… Yet this was the most boring panel I’ve ever been on – ever.So boring even I couldn’t

bear it.What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement.I love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for

saving lives?

You can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.And how you do that – is a complex question.Still, I’m optimistic.Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever.They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring –and that’s why the

future can be different from the past.The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe.He said: ―I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real

significance of the situation.‖ Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute

their ideas to the world.We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall

spoke of 60 years ago.Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for?

There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:

Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?

Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world’s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water…the girls kept out of school … the children who die from diseases we can cure?

Should the world’s most privileged people learn about the lives of the

world’s least privileged? These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here –never stopped pressing me to do more for others.A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda.My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: ―From those to whom much is given, much is expected.‖ When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given –in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has

a right to expect from us.In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don’t have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut

through them.Don’t let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not?

And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities … on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but

their humanity.Good luck.過去30年里，我一直在等待著說這樣一句話，―父親，我一直對您說我將拿

到自己的學位?！?/p>

我要感謝哈佛及時地授予我學位。我明年要換工作(注：指全力投入比爾及梅琳達基金會的慈善工作)，有了學位我的簡歷看起來會更好一些。

祝賀今天的哈佛畢業(yè)生都直接獲得了學位。哈佛校報稱我為―哈佛歷史上最成功的輟學生‖，這讓我感到非常高興。當我面對同一屆畢業(yè)生時，我可以對他們說，―我是失敗者中最為成功的?！?/p>

眾所周知，當初史蒂夫·鮑爾默(Steve Ballmer)從哈佛商學院退學，我是始作俑者。我并不是一個好榜樣，這也是我受邀在你們的畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表演講的原因。如果你們都像我一樣輟學，那今天就沒有人會坐在這里。

對我來說，在哈佛的經歷是一段難忘的體驗。校園生活總是讓人留戀，我曾經上了很多根本沒有注冊的課。當然，宿舍的生活并不太美好。當時我住在拉德克里夫學院，同一宿舍的很多人經常討論問題到深夜，因為他們都知道我并不擔心早上起不來床。正是在這樣的環(huán)境下，我成長為反社會集團的領導者。

拉德克里夫是一個適合生活的地方。那時候這里有很多女孩子，而且大多數(shù)男生都屬于較為死板的類型，因此我的機會很多，你們都知道我的意思。不過，正是在這里，我明白了擁有機會并不一定能獲得成功的道理。(笑)

微軟的起步

在哈佛的日子里，最令我難忘的一天是在1975年1月。當時我給Albuquerque的一家公司打了電話，這家公司已經開始生產全世界首批個人計算

機，我希望向它們銷售軟件。

最開始我忐忑不安，因為擔心這家公司會因為我是學生而掛斷電話。但幸運的是，它們沒有這樣做，而是對我說，―我們還沒有準備好，一個月內來我們公司看看吧?！@對我來說是一個好消息，因為我們當時還沒有完成軟件開發(fā)。從那一刻起，我夜以繼日地工作。這一項目雖然價值不大，但它標志著我大學生

活的結束，以及微軟的起步。

哈佛給我留下印象最深的是所有人都活力十足，而且非常聰明。在哈佛的日子有快樂，也有失落，但總是充滿挑戰(zhàn)。盡管我很早離開了哈佛，但那幾年已經足以改變我。在這里，我結識了很多朋友，并想出了很多創(chuàng)意。

最大遺憾

認真回顧過去，我確實有著一大遺憾。

當我離開哈佛時，我并沒有意識到這個世界存在著可怕的不平等現(xiàn)象。人們享受的醫(yī)療、保健和機會嚴重不均，很多人生活在絕望的邊緣。

我在哈佛學到了很多東西，包括經濟和政治方面的新思想，但體會最深的還是科學的不斷進步。

可是，人類的最大進步并不體現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明上，而是如何利用它們來消除不平等。不管通過何種方式，民主、公共教育、醫(yī)療保健、或者是經濟合作，消除不平等才是人類的最大成就。

當我離開校園時，并不知道美國有數(shù)百萬的青少年享受不到受教育的機會，我也不知道在發(fā)展中國家有數(shù)百萬人生活在極度的貧困之中。

我用了數(shù)十年的時間才明白了這些。

你們和我完全不同，你們更了解這個世界上存在的不平等。我希望你們過去幾年都曾經認真想過，應當如何應對這樣的不平等，以及如何解決這些問題。

假如，如果你愿意付出每周幾小時時間和每月幾美元，希望這些時間和錢能拯救更多的人，改善更多人的生活。那么，你會將時間和錢花在哪里呢？

對于梅琳達(注：蓋茨之妻)和我來說，也存在著同樣的問題：應該怎樣做，才能讓我們擁有的資源給最多的人帶來好處呢？

在討論這一問題的過程中，梅琳達和我看到一篇關于疾病每年在發(fā)展中國家殺死數(shù)百萬兒童的新聞。這些疾病包括麻疹、瘧疾、肺炎、B型肝炎和黃熱病，它們在美國已經受到嚴密的控制。此外，一種我們從未聽說的疾病——輪狀病毒每年要殺死50萬兒童，但其中沒有一名美國兒童。

我們感到非常震驚。既然每年有如此多的兒童因為這些疾病而死，那么就應當將研發(fā)新藥、拯救生命放在首位，但事實并非如此。

人人生而平等

如果你們相信―人人生而平等‖，當了解到人們認為有些生命值得拯救，而有些生命不值得時，也會感到震驚。我們會對自己說：―這并不是真的。但是，如果它是真的，我們就應當努力改變這種情況?！?/p>

因此，我們開始了這樣的工作，我們相信別人也會這樣做。有時我們會感到不解：這個世界為什么會允許那么多的孩子死亡呢？

答案很簡單，也很殘酷。拯救這些孩子的生命并不會帶來市場回報，政府也沒有為此提供補貼。這些孩子之所以會死亡，主要因為他們的父母沒有強大的市場力量，甚至沒有話語權。

但是我和你們都有。

我們今天坐在這里，就在這一時間，世界各地仍在上演著人間慘劇。這讓我們感到心碎，我們之所以沒有采取任何行動，并不是我們沒有同情心，而是

因為我們不知道如何去做。

我們面臨的障礙并不是缺乏同情心，實際情況要復雜的多。

要將同情心轉化為行動，我們需要看到問題，找到解決方案，并了解最終結果。但實際情況是，我們很難做到這三點。

即使有了互聯(lián)網和24小時新聞播報，我們仍然很難真正地了解問題。如果一架飛機墜毀，官方會立即舉辦新聞發(fā)布會。他們將會承諾展開調查，確定事故原因，并保證今后不會出現(xiàn)同樣的情況。

但實際情況卻是，飛機失事死亡人數(shù)還不足全世界每天因可避免原因死

亡人數(shù)的0.5%。

更嚴重的問題并不是飛機失事，而是全球數(shù)以百萬計的可避免死亡。

事實上，我們很難獲得同后者相關的消息。新聞媒體希望獲得新消息，而數(shù)以百萬計的人因貧窮和疾病死亡并不是新消息。因此，這樣的消息很難出現(xiàn)在媒體報道中，從而更容易被人們所忽略。另一方面，即使我們看到這樣的報道，也不太情愿仔細閱讀。因為情況過于復雜，我們不知道如何提供幫助。在這種情況下，我們大多數(shù)情況會將視線轉向其它方向。

看到問題只是第一步，我們要做的下一步是降低問題的復雜度，并找到

解決方案。

如果我們想讓自己的同情心發(fā)揮作用，找到解決方案非常必要。因為只有這樣，我們才能確保同情心沒有被浪費。當然，由于大部分問題都很復雜，要

找到解決方案并不容易。

那么，我們又應當如何降低復雜度，找到解決方案呢？我認為可以分為四個階段：確定一個目標、發(fā)現(xiàn)最有效的方式、為這種方式找到理想的技術、以及開發(fā)最優(yōu)秀的應用，例如用于治病的藥品。

我們要做的最后一步就是衡量工作的成果，并與他人共享我們的成功與失

敗。

第四篇：2014哈佛畢業(yè)典禮演講

感謝凱蒂，感謝佛斯特校長、哈佛大學部成員、監(jiān)事會、還有迎接我回校園的所有教職員工、校友和學生！能來到這里我很激動，不僅是因為我能在哈佛大學每363屆畢業(yè)典禮上對優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生和校友講話，更因為我能站在歐普拉去年曾站的相同地方！omg！

下面開始進行我們的首要任務，為2014屆畢業(yè)生熱烈鼓掌，這是他們贏得的。

畢業(yè)生都很興奮，但這幾周同時肯定也讓他們有些精疲力竭。家長們，我指的不是期末考試，而是四年級運動會，最后一次舞會以及午夜巡游。總之，今年的校園很讓人激動。

哈佛橄欖球隊連續(xù)第七次擊敗耶魯，男子籃球隊連續(xù)兩年進入到了ncaa賽事第二輪，還有男子壁球隊獲得全國冠軍。誰會想哈佛竟然有這么強大的運動能力。不久，就會有人問，你們什么時候學術能力能夠超過體育能力？

我個人同哈佛的聯(lián)系開始于1964年，我從約翰霍普金斯大學畢業(yè)，被錄取到這里的商學院，你們感謝在想、或是正在同旁邊的人竊竊私語說：他怎么就進了哈佛的商學院，畢竟他的學術成績這么出色，總能成為班上排名位于前半部分的學生，我不知道，比我自己更驚訝的可能就演唱會有我的教授了。無論如何，今天我又回到了劍橋。

我注意到，這里同我當學生時有些變化，廣場附近我原來很喜歡的elise三文治餐廳現(xiàn)在成了一家墨西哥卷餅店，原來提供美味啤酒和香腸的wursthaus變成現(xiàn)在的工藝美味酒吧，我不知道這是什么玩意，原來的霍利奧克中心現(xiàn)在改名叫史密斯校園中心，你難道不討厭校友用自己的名字命名所有東西嗎？

不過也有好消息，哈佛保留了五十年前我剛進校時的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，仍然是美國最具聲望的大學，同其他偉大的大學樣，它位于美國民主實驗的心臟地帶，哈佛的目的不只是幸知識，還包括增進我們關于國家的理想。各種背景，各種信仰，探索各種問題的人都能在偉大的大學中自由開放的學習知識并探討想法。今天我想跟大家談談這種自由對于每個人而言是多么重要，無論我們多么強烈反對別人的觀點，對他人想法的容忍以及表達自身言論的自由是偉大大學中不可侵害的價值，兩者結合在一起構成了維持民主社會根基的神圣信賴。但我要告訴大家，這種信賴，是很脆弱的，特別是在君主、暴君、多數(shù)的專橫傾向下。

最近，這種傾向經常再現(xiàn)在我們的大學校園和社會中，這是個壞消息，而且很不幸的是，哈佛以及我自己的城市紐約也都見證過這種趨勢。首先，在紐約市你可能記得，幾年前有些人強烈反對在世貿中心的舊址幾個街區(qū)遠的專訪建 一座清真寺，這是一個情感的問題。民意調查顯示，超過2/3的美國人都反對在那里建清真寺，即使是反誹謗聯(lián)盟，這一被公認為全車宗教自由最熱情的捍衛(wèi)者，也毫不掩飾對該項目表示反對，反對者進行著反對和示威遣責開發(fā)者，要求市政府停止這項工程這是他們的權利，我們保護他們的搞辯權，但他們的觀點絕對是錯誤的，我們拒絕屈從。政府如果單獨選 出某種宗教阻止，而且只阻止在特定地點建立宗教活動場所，這絕對是和偉大美國的道德原則背道而馳的，這應該是憲法保護所不允許的。

美國這個五十州聯(lián)邦依賴于兩大價值的結合：自由和寬容。正是這兩大價值的結合，讓一個不信神的國家，但事實上，沒有任何國家比美利堅合眾國更愿意保護人類的各種信仰和哲學，不過這種保護需要依賴于我們持續(xù)的警覺，我們傾向于認為政教分離的原則已經確立，實際上沒有而且永遠不會，我們需要堅決地擁護它，確保法律條文下規(guī)定的平等，對于每個人都是平等垢。

如果你希望按照自己希望的那樣進行宗教活動，按照希望的那樣發(fā)表言論，同希望的人結婚，你就必須寬容我像這樣的自由，我做事可能會冒犯你，你可能覺得我的行為不道德或是非正義，但你不能用自身沒有的限制方式來限制我的自由，否則這只會導致不公。我們在自己要

求權利的同時，不能否定其他人的相同權利，對于城市是這樣，對于大學也同樣是這樣。學術壓迫的勢力正在抬頭。自1950年以來，這是最為嚴重的。在我小時候，美國參議員，當然~你們可以鼓掌~~~在我小時候，美國參議員喬麥卡錫問：“你現(xiàn)在是不是，曾經是不是~~？”他試圖壓制和定罪，那些贊同哪怕在當時都已經很失敗的經濟體制的人，麥卡錫的紅色恐懼讓數(shù)以千計的人失去了生命，他害怕的是什么呢，是一種思想，也就是共產主義。

他和一些人認為這種思想很危險。不過他至少在一噗上是正確的，思想確實危險。思想能夠改變社會，思想能夠顛覆傳統(tǒng)，思想能夠開啟革命。這就是為什么歷史上，那些權貴要抑制思想、避免這些思想威脅到他們的權力、宗教、意識形態(tài)以及地位。蘇格拉底和伽利略是這樣，納爾遜曼德拉和瓦茨拉夫哈維爾是這樣，艾未來、造反貓咪樂隊以及在伊朗制作快樂視頻的孩子們也是這樣。壓抑自由言論表達是人類本性上的弱點，每次出現(xiàn)時我們都需要同它進行斗爭，結思想的不寬容，無論是自由還是保守派思想，都同個人權利和自由社會背道而馳的。以上這此自然也適用于偉大大學和項尖學者。大學校園正淬著一咱觀點，我想哈佛也不例外，認為學者只有在研究符合特定正義觀念的前提下，才應獲得資助。這種觀點可以用一個詞來概括：審查，這是麥卡錫主義的當代表現(xiàn)，想想這有多么諷剌。1950年代，右翼試圖掏左翼思想，而今天在很多大學校園自由派則開始抑制保守派思想。保守派教職員工甚至就快成為瀕危物種，這種情況尤其在常春藤盟校最為突出。2012年總統(tǒng)選舉中，根據(jù)聯(lián)邦選舉委員會數(shù)據(jù)，常春藤盟校教職員工有96%的捐贈都給了巴拉克奧巴馬，前蘇聯(lián)政治局的差異都比常春藤盟校捐贈大。這一統(tǒng)計數(shù)字發(fā)人深思。雖然我也支持奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的再次當選，但我認為任何派別都不應該壟斷真理，或讓上帝總站在它那一邊，96%常春藤盟校捐贈者偏向于某一位候選人，這就不得不讓人懷疑，這些大學中的學生是否獲得了他們應當獲得的觀點多樣性，性別、人種、取向多樣性都很重要。但一所大學還應當有政治多樣性，否則就稱不上偉大。實際上，為教授提供終生教職就是為保證他們能夠自由地進行研究，而不用害怕研究主題同學校政治和社會規(guī)范不一致。最初的終身教職如果要繼續(xù)存在，就必須保護同自由派規(guī)范相沖突的保守派思想，否則，大學研究和進行研究的教授就會失去信譽。

偉大的大學不應當戴有黨派的有色眼鏡，教育不應當成為自由主義的教育，大學的角色不應當是宣揚某一種意識形態(tài)而應當是為學者和學生提供問題研究和辯論的中立論壇，不讓天平朝任何一個方向傾斜，不抑制不受歡迎的觀點。因此，要求學者和畢業(yè)典禮發(fā)言者，遵循特定的政治標準會侵蝕整個大學的存在的意義。

今年春，很讓人不安的是，很多大學畢業(yè)典禮演講者都被撤銷了，甚至連邀請函都被撤回了，僅僅因為學生甚至資深教職團隊和管理者的反對。我很吃驚，學生姑且不論，其他人顯然應當更明事理一些。這發(fā)生在布蘭代斯、哈弗福德、羅格斯、史密斯等院校。去年，還發(fā)生在斯沃斯莫爾和約翰霍普金斯。我很遺憾，這些例子中，自由派都希望讓不喜歡的聲音無法發(fā)出，政治上不被其認同的人會被拒絕授予榮譽學位，這太讓人憤怒了。我們不應當讓它繼續(xù)發(fā)生，如果一所大學在邀請一位畢業(yè)典禮演講嘉賓時還要因為政治立場再三斟酌，審查和一致這些自由的死敵就會勝出，很悲哀的是，并不只有畢業(yè)季的演講嘉賓會被審查，去年秋天，我還在擔任市長的時候，市警察局長受邀到另一所常春藤盟校進行演講，結果他的演講卻因學生大?？棺h而無法進行。比起讓討論沉默，大學的意義不應當是激起講座嗎？學生到底害怕聽到什么，為什么管理者不采取措施避免暴民干擾演講。難道其他想聽演講的學生，機會 就應當被這樣剝奪嗎？我敢肯定，今天畢業(yè)的學生肯定都讀過，約翰斯圖爾物密爾的——論自由。請允許我將其中的一小段讀給大家聽：強迫別人不能發(fā)表意見的邪惡及是對整個人類的掠奪，對后代人類的掠奪，對不同意于那個意見的人掠奪更多”，他繼續(xù)首“假如那意見是對的，那么他們是被剝奪了以錯誤換真理的機會；假如那意見是錯的，那么他們是

失掉了一個差不多同樣大的利益，那就是從真理與錯誤沖突中產一出來的對于真理的更加清楚的認識和更加生動的印象”，密爾如果知道大學學生強迫別不發(fā)表意見肯定會痛心疾首，密爾如果知道連教職團隊都通常成為畢業(yè)演講審查活動的一部分，肯定會更加痛心疾首。如果是終身教職教授強迫觀點同自己不一對致的發(fā)言者不發(fā)表言論，那就真的是莫大諷剌了。特別是發(fā)生在東北的那些抗議，自稱的自由寬容顯得尤為偽善。不過很高興的是，哈佛沒有陷入這些畢業(yè)典禮審查之中，否則的話，科羅拉多州參議員邁克爾約翰斯頓昨天就沒有機會在教育學院發(fā)表演講了。不少學生號召管理層撤回對約翰斯頓的邀請，因為他們反對他的一些教育政策。不過佛斯特校長和賴安院長都非常堅定，賴安院長寫信給這些學生說：“觀點存在分歧”在我看來，這引起分歧應當經過探討和辯論，受到挑戰(zhàn)和質疑，同時也應受到尊敬和慶賀。他完全是正確的，他以自身的言行為2014屆畢業(yè)生上最為寶貴的最后一課，作為約翰霍普金斯大學前任主席，我堅信一所大學的職責并不是教學生思考什么，而是教學生如何思考。這就需要傾聽不同意見，不帶偏見的衡量各種觀點，冷靜思考不同意見中是否也有可取的內容。如果教職員工做不到這一點，學校管理者就有責任介入儔解決這一問題，否則的話，學生畢業(yè)時就會封閉自己的耳朵和思維。大學也就辜負了學生和社會的信任。如果想知道這會導致什么，看看華盛頓就知道了。在華盛頓，我國面臨的所有重大問題，包括國家安全、經濟、環(huán)境、醫(yī)療等問題，兩黨在處理所有這些問題時，都沒有考慮協(xié)作，而是看誰聲音更大，以此壓倒對方，試圖抑制和破壞同自己意識形態(tài)不相符的調研結果。大學對這種模式模仿得越鑫，我們的社會就會變得越糟糕。我來舉一些例子，數(shù)十年來，國會都禁止養(yǎng)病控制中心進行槍支暴力的研究，最近，國會又對國立衛(wèi)生研究院頒布禁令，你需要問問自己，他們在害怕什么。今年，參議院延遲對奧巴馬總統(tǒng)提名的衛(wèi)生局局長佛內科醫(yī)師維維克莫西進行投票，原因僅僅是他竟敢說，槍支暴力是一大應當處理的公共衛(wèi)生危機。他真是太大膽了。讓我們嚴肅一些。每天都86位美國人死于槍殺，槍擊事件也經常發(fā)生在校園中，包括上周發(fā)生在對巴巴拉的悲劇。但除此之外，再說什么估計都會被認為是醫(yī)療失當。在政治上也同很多大學校園中發(fā)生的一樣，人們不愿意聽到同自己意識形態(tài)相抵觸的事實，他們害怕它們，而且沒有什么比科學證據(jù)更他們害怕的了。今年早些時候，南卡羅來納州對公立學校彩了新標準，州議會竟然禁止人們提到自然選擇。這就像是教經常學，卻不講供需，還需要問那個問題。他們害怕什么？答案很顯然，同國會議員害怕數(shù)據(jù)破壞他們的意識形態(tài)一樣，這些州議會議員害怕科學證據(jù)破壞他們的宗教信念。想要證據(jù)的人可以考慮這個，南卡羅來納的一位八女孩給州議會議員寫一封信，請他們將犯犸象定為官方州化石，州議員們認為這個主意很好，因為猛犸象化石早在1725年就發(fā)現(xiàn)于州里，然后州參議遼通過的法案中卻將猛犸象定義為“創(chuàng)造于陸生動物創(chuàng)生的第六天”。這些東西不能胡編亂造。在二十一世紀的美國，教會和國家之間的壁壘仍在受到攻擊。這就需要我們來維持兩者的分離。很不幸的是，將意識形態(tài)和宗教觀念強加到檜和進化論的這些民選官員，大多也正是不愿承認氣候變化科學證據(jù)的那些人。別誤解我的意思，科學懷疑主義是有好外的，但是尋找更多的證據(jù)的科學懷疑主義同意識形態(tài)上拒絕科學證據(jù)的頑固不化是有本質判別的。我么多民選官員針對科學都是這種態(tài)度。聯(lián)邦政府沒能盡到自己的職責，在大學等機構投資科學研究也就毫不奇怪了。如今，gnp中用于研究和開發(fā)的聯(lián)邦支出百分比是五十余年間最低的，這讓世界其它國家有機會趕上，甚至超過美國的科學研究，聯(lián)邦政府在科學上是不及格的，就像很多州政府一樣。我們美國不應該背離科學，內部也不應該相互仇視?；氐?014屆畢業(yè)生典禮上來，你們必須引領前路，每個問題上我們都應當遵循證據(jù)的指引、傾聽人們的意見。只要我們這樣做，就沒有什么問題解決不了，沒有解不開的死結，沒有談不妥的和解。思想交流越自由，政治多樣性就越強，我們就越健康，社會就會越強大。我知道，我并沒有按照傳統(tǒng)方式做畢業(yè)典禮演講。實際上，這甚至可能讓我在人文系的論文答辯上無法通過，不過講這些麻煩事時總不會輕松。畢業(yè)生們，在你們一生中，不要害怕說出自己認為正確的東西，無

論它有多么不受歡迎，特別是在捍衛(wèi)他人權利的時候。捍衛(wèi)他人權利，有時比捍衛(wèi)自身權利更為重要。因為當人們尋求抑制其他人自由的時候，你可能會保持沉默。這樣你將會助長這種抑制，哪天你可能也會成為受害者。不要沆瀣一氣，不要人云亦云，大聲說出來，有力地回擊，我敢肯定，你會受到批評，我敢肯定，你還會失去一些朋友，樹立一些敵人，但歷史會站在你這一邊！我們的車家也會因此更加強盛！所有畢業(yè)生，都經過努力獲得了今天的成就，你們可以很自豪很感激！

今晚，在你們離開這所偉大的大學之前，可能會去香港餐廳來一大碗蝎子碗大雜燴，明天你們需要開始行動焉，讓我們的國家和世界對每個人都更自由并永遠自由下去！

上帝保佑你們！好運！篇二：雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

祝賀所有人，你們做到了。我指的不是大學畢業(yè)，而你們成功出席今天的畢業(yè)典禮。如果我沒記錯，某些同學雖然昨晚在香港具廳喝了太多蝎子碗調酒，但今天還是來了。由于天氣，這種哈 佛還沒有弄清如何控制的現(xiàn)象，還胡同學正在溫暖的地方喝熱可可飲料。所以，你們有很多為今天出席畢業(yè)日活動感到自豪的理由。

祝賀你們的家長，你們花了很多錢，讓子女能夠說自己是從波士頓附近的這所“小學?！碑厴I(yè)的。還要感謝2014屆畢業(yè)生邀請我來到這次盛典。這對我價值巨大?？吹竭^往演講者的名單讓人有些敬畏，我肯定沒有艾米波樂那么搞笑，但我至少比特雷薩修女更幽默。

25年前，一個當時還不認識，但以后成為我丈夫的男人戴夫，從在你們現(xiàn)在從的地方。23年前，我從在你們現(xiàn)在從的地方。戴夫和我這個周末，帶著可愛的子女回校，我們都有相同的三角：哈佛的籃球隊太棒了！

站在校園中，回憶泉涌。1987年的秋天，我從邁阿密來到這里，懷揣著偉大的夢想，還胡更夸張的發(fā)型。我被分配到哈佛偉大建筑的一座歷史豐碑~卡納迪樓，我是說真的，我當時穿著牛仔裙，白色暖褲襪套，運動鞋，還有一件弗羅里達羊毛衫。因為當時我的父母告訴我，所有人都會認為來自弗里達的人很酷。至少，我們那時沒有。

對我而言，哈佛給了我很多第一次，包括我的第一件冬裝，在邁阿密沒有人需要冬裝。我的第一份10頁的論文，高中沒有人會布置這么長的作業(yè)。我第一次得c，這之后，我的學監(jiān)告訴我說，她在招生委員會，她招我進來不是因為我的學術潛能，而是因為我的品性。我在寄宿學?？吹降牡谝粋€人，我就覺得這個人會是個大麻煩。我還碰到了第一個名字同整座建筑一樣的人，這個人名字叫做薩拉威格爾斯沃斯，她和那棟宿舍樓沒有關系，當時我很震驚，知道她和宿舍樓沒有關系后，我松了一口氣。之后，我還碰到了其他人，弗朗西斯斯特勞斯，詹姆斯威爾斯，杰西卡科學中心b。我第一們愛，第一們讓我心碎的人。我第一次認識到自己熱愛學習，第一次也是最后一次遇到有在讀拉丁文。

我畢業(yè)那年，我想好自己以后有什么計劃，我要進世界銀行，對抗全球貧窮，然后我要去法學院，然后我將非營利機構或政府工作，你們院長也講了，在明天

我對自己畢業(yè)后的數(shù)十年規(guī)劃其實并沒錯，計劃只錯在了一年后，就算我算到了自己會在私營企業(yè)工作，我肯定算不到自己會在臉譜，那時候沒有互聯(lián)網。那時候馬克扎克伯格還在讀小學，已經開始穿他的標志性帽衫了。沒有太早鎖死自己的道路，讓我有機會進入改變生活的全新領域。有些人可能認為我運氣好，我想說，卡納迪樓后，我又被安排到了設計院。

從你們所坐的地方到你們要去的地方是沒有直路的，不要嘗試畫這樣的直線，這不僅會出錯，還會錯失的大的機遇，例如像互聯(lián)網這樣。

職業(yè)不是梯子，那種時代一去不返了，職業(yè)更像是立體方格鐵架，不要只上下移動，不要只往上看，還要往回，往旁邊看，看轉角周圍。你的職業(yè)和生活會有始終，會有曲折，不要對未來的道路太過憂慮，因為生活中充滿了驚喜和機遇，你需要對各處可能性持開放態(tài)度。今天我要講的最重要的一點就是，對誠實保持開放的態(tài)度。相互之間說老實話，對自己誠實，也對我們所生活的世界誠實?？纯瓷磉叺暮⒆?，你就知道他們有多誠實，我朋友貝琪懷孕后，她五歲的兒子山姆想知道寶寶在她身體里的什么地方。李問，媽媽，寶寶的胳膊在你的胳膊里嗎？她說，不是，整個寶寶在我的肚子里。他又問，媽媽，寶寶的腿在你的腿里嗎？她回答，不山姆，整個寶寶都在我肚子里。然后，山姆問道，那的屁股里有什么？

作為成年人，我們幾乎一直很誠實，這是很難得的好事。我懷孕的時候，我問我丈夫我的屁股有沒有變大，起初他說沒有，但我不斷施壓，最后，他說，好吧，有一點。我的小姑子一直說我丈夫，也是你們以后在生活中經常會聽到有說到的：“這家伙竟然是哈佛出來的?！?/p>

在人一旅途中，如果聽到一些真話會對我們很有幫助，我在你們這個年齡的時候，還沒有俯到這一點。在我畢業(yè)的時候，我對愛情生活的關心大于事業(yè)，我認識自己沒有什么時間了，必須趕緊找個好男人結婚，以免所有好男人都被別人搶走，或者我太老了。于是，我搬到哥倫比亞特區(qū)，在我24歲的時候結婚了。那個男人很不錯，但我倆似乎總相處不好，我變得不知道自己是住，也不知道未

來在哪里。一年不到，我的婚姻以失敗告終，當時我非常難堪，非常痛苦。很多朋友來安慰我，但毫無幫助，他們說：我就知道你們倆結婚是行不通的，我就知道你們倆不合適。沒有人在婚姻之前跟我說這些，事前告訴我這些肯定是會更有用。

我熬過了離婚后的這些痛苦的時光，我多希望他們原來有給過我建議，我多希望我曾經問過他們。而在我的職業(yè)生涯中，確實有人這無保留的地說出了實施。本科后，我和第一任老板是蘭特普得切特，肯尼迪學院授劉的一位經濟學家，他今天也在現(xiàn)場。我第二次考慮法學院時，蘭特跟我說，我不認為你應該去法學院，我也不認為你想去法學院。你認為自己應該去，大概只是你父母一直以來的要求。他注意到，我在談話中從未表現(xiàn)出對法律的任何興趣。我知道，相互之間坦誠相見有多么難，哪怕最親密的朋友，哪怕是在他們可能犯嚴重錯誤的時候，不過我敢打賭，在座的各位知道自己親密朋友的強項和弱項，知道他們可能掉落在哪個懸崖。我也敢打賭，大部分時候，你們并沒有告訴他們，他們也從沒問過。

去問這些問題，真相會越問越明。朋友誠實地回答時，你就知道他們是你真正的朋友了。

養(yǎng)成尋求反饋的習慣非常重要，特別是在離開學校系統(tǒng)，沒了考試和分數(shù)之后。很多工作中，如果你想知道自己干得怎么樣，你就需要去詢問，而且不要因為聽到不喜歡聽的而覺得受到冒犯。毫

無疑問，聽人批評絕對不會讓人高興，但我們只能在批評中進步。

幾年前，馬無扎克伯格決定要學中文。為了練習，他開始嘗試在一些工作會議中，同中文母語同事交流。你們估計可以想到，他有有限的中文水平，會讓談話很難正常進行。一天，他問一位女性，有臉譜工作怎么樣。她用了一個很長很復雜的句子回答。他說，請簡單些。她又說了一次。請再簡單些！經過幾次之后，她只好說了一句很簡單的話~我的經理很糟糕！扎克伯格這次真的聽懂了。

通常，真相都成了避免沖突的犧牲品。我們在講真相時，總喜歡使用很多修飾，很多委婉語，淹沒了真正要傳達的信息。我希望你們在向他詢問真相的時候，能用簡單明了的語言相互交流。講到自己的真相時，也應該使用簡單明了的語言。

同他人坦誠相見很困難，坦誠對待自己的想法甚至更難。我有了小孩子后，經常會和自己說，我對工作不感到內疚，哪怕沒有人問的時候。有人跟我說，雪

莉，今天過得如何。我會說，很棒，我對工作并不感到內疚。有人說，我需要一件羊毛衫嗎？我說，沒錯，外面很冷，我對荼工不感到內疚。我就像一只學舌的鸚鵡。

有天，我在跑步機上，正在讀社會學雜志上的論文。上面寫道，相比對他人撒謊，人們更喜歡對自己撒謊，而重復最多的那句話，通常就是謊言。

我臉上汗如雨下，心想，我重復最多的一句話是什么，我意識到了，我對工作感到內疚。我做了大量的研究，我同好友內爾斯克維爾花了一整年的時間，寫了一本書，講我的想法和感受。世界上很多女性都同它產生了共鳴，這讓我很欣慰。我的書名叫做《格雷的五十道陰影》，可見，你們很多人也都讀過這本書。

對于我們所生活的世界保持誠實，我們還有很多要做。我們并不總能看到真相，就算盾到了，我們經常也沒有大聲說出的勇氣。

我和同學們在讀大學時，認為性格平等的斗爭已經結束。沒錯，大部分待業(yè)的領袖都是男性，但改變應該只是時間的問題。那邊的拉蒙特圖書館，就在我們之前一代人的時間，不允許女性進入，但在我們畢業(yè)時，一切都平等了。哈佛和拉德克里夫完全統(tǒng)一了。

我們不需要婦權主義，因為我們已經得到了平等。我們錯了，我錯了，世界在那時并不平等，現(xiàn)在也不平等。我認為現(xiàn)如今，我們并不只是假裝沒看到真相，并對不平等視而不見，我們還在遭受低預期的踐踏。

在美國的上一個選舉周期，女性贏得了20%的參議院席位。所有報紙頭條都開始叫嚷，女性接管了參議院。我很想大聲回應說，等等，大伙，50%的人只占有了20%的席位，這不是接管，這是羞辱。

今年，就在幾個月前，硅谷一位很受人新生的知名商業(yè)經理人，邀請我到他的社交媒體俱樂部發(fā)表演講。幾個月之前，我去過這家俱樂部。一位朋友過生日邀我去的。建筑很漂亮，我在里面游蕩。欣賞她，找衛(wèi)生間。結果一位員工很肯定的告訴我，女衛(wèi)生間在那里，讓我務必不要上樓去，因為女性不允許進入這座建筑，我直到這時才意識到自己來到了一家全男性俱樂部。

剩下的整個晚上，我一直都納悶，自己來這里做什么，納悶其他人都在做什么，納悶舊金山會不會有朋友邀請我去一個不允許黑人、猶太人、亞洲人、或同

性戀者的俱樂部派對。被邀請到這家俱樂部做商業(yè)演講，就更讓人不爽了，因為這根本就不是單純的社交活動場所。

我首先想到的是，這是真的嗎？真的?！断蚯耙徊健烦霭婧笠荒辏@個家伙竟然認為邀請我到一家全男懷俱樂部做演講是一個好主意。他不是一個，很多備受尊敬的商務人士，都和他一起發(fā)出這份邀請。

轉述格魯馬克思的一句話，別擔心，我不打算模仿他的聲音。我不會去任何不愿加我為會員的俱樂部做演講。我拒絕了。我還做一件，也許5年前我不會做的事，我回了一長篇飽含激情的電子郵件，告訴他們應當改變這一做法。他們感謝了我的迅速回函，寫到？也許情況最終會有所改變。我們的期望值太代了，最終需要轉化為立刻才行。

我們需要看到真相，講出真相。我們容忍歧視，假裝機會是平等的。沒錯，我們選舉了一位非裔美國人總統(tǒng)。但各族主義仍然無處不在，不錯，確實有女性掌握著財富500強企業(yè)，準確的說是5%。但我們的道路上，充滿了母老虎、跋扈老女人這樣的惡語。而我們的男性同行卻被尊為俯視，被認為成就卓著。

非裔美國女性總需要證明自己沒有生氣，拉丁裔總被打上暴躁急性子的標簽。臉譜有一群亞裔男女，胸口帶著牌子說，我有可能不夠好。

沒錯，哈佛有一位女性校長，也許兩年后，美國也會迎來首位女總統(tǒng)。但要實現(xiàn)目標，希拉里克林頓需要克服兩 大重要障礙，一是未知，通常也未疲理解的性別偏見；二是，更糟的，從耶魯獲得的文憑而不是哈佛。

你們可以挑戰(zhàn)老一套的做法，在臉譜我們會貼海報激勵自己，完成重于完美，財富偏愛勇敢者，不要害怕，勇往直前。我最近又喜歡上一條，在臉譜沒有別人的問題。我希望你們也能這樣看問題，問題沒有別人 的問題。性別不平等對男性和女性都 沒有好處，各族主義對白人和少數(shù)族裔都是傷害，缺乏平等機會，讓我們所有人無法發(fā)揮自己的真正潛能。

在你們畢業(yè)的今天，我希望給你們一些壓力，讓你認識到，真相雖然有時難以接受，但很重要。不要逃避，碰到了就要勇于面對。感謝凱蒂，感謝福斯特校長、哈佛大學理事會成員、監(jiān)事會成員，還有迎接我回校的所有教職員工、校友及同學們。

站在這里我非常激動，不僅是因為我能在哈佛大學第363屆畢業(yè)典禮上面對各位優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生及校友講話，更是因為能站在去年奧普拉曾站過的地方。我的天啊。let me begin with the first order of business: let‘s have a big round of applause for the class of 2014.they‘ve earned it.下面讓我從最重要的環(huán)節(jié)開始：讓我們把最熱烈的掌聲送給2014屆畢業(yè)生們，這是他們贏得的。

as excited as the graduates are, they are probably even more exhausted after the past few weeks.and parents, i‘m not referring to their final exams.i‘m talking about the senior olympics, the last chance dance, and the booze cruise – i mean, the moonlight cruise.畢業(yè)生們都一樣的興奮，但同時這幾周或許也讓他們有些精疲力竭吧。各位家長，我指的可不是期末考試哦，我說的是高年級運動會、最后一次交際舞會和游輪酒宴——我指的是午夜巡游會。

anyway，this year has been exciting on campus：harvard beat yale for the seventh straight time in football.the men‘s basketball team went to the second round of the ncaa tournament for the second straight year.and the men‘s squash team won national championship.不管怎樣，今年的校園很令人振奮：哈佛橄欖球隊連續(xù)第七次擊敗耶魯，男子籃球隊連續(xù)兩年打入全國大學體育協(xié)會冠軍賽的第二輪，還有男子壁球隊則獲得了全國冠軍。

who‘d a thunk it: harvard, an athletic powerhouse!pretty soon they‘re going to be asking whether you have academics to go along with your athletic programs.誰會想到：哈佛，竟然有如此強大的運動天團！不久后，可能就會有人問，你們的學術水平是否能和體育水平相媲美？

my personal connection to harvard began in 1964, when i graduated from johns hopkins university in baltimore and matriculated here at the b-school.我個人與哈佛的關系緣起于1964年，當時我從巴爾地摩的約翰霍普金斯大學畢業(yè)并到這里的商學院就讀。you‘re probably asking yourself or maybe whispering to the person next to you: how did he ever get into harvard business school, particularly since his stellar academic record, where he always made the top half of the class possible? i have no idea.the only people more surprised than me were my professors.你們或許在想，或者和身旁的人竊竊私語：他是如何進入哈佛商學院的呢？尤其是他的學術成績總能排在全班前列？我不知道，比我自己更驚訝的可能只有我的教授了。

anyway, here i am again back in cambridge.and i have noticed that a few things have changed since i was a student here.elsie‘s – a sandwich spot i used to love near the square – is now a burrito shop.the wursthaus – which had great beer and sausage – is now an artisanal gastro-pub, whatever that is.and the old holyoke center is now named the smith campus center.總之，今天我又回到了劍橋[注：劍橋為哈佛大學所在地]。我注意到，這里跟我學生時代有了一些變化。廣場附近我曾經很喜歡的三文治售賣點愛爾詩，現(xiàn)在成了卷餅店。曾經提供美味啤酒和香腸的烏斯特豪斯，現(xiàn)在成了工藝美食酒吧，不知道這是啥。還有原來的霍利約克中心

現(xiàn)在改名為史密斯校園中心。don‘t you just hate it when alumni put their names all over everything? i was thinking about that this morning as i walked into the bloomberg center on the harvard business school campus across the river.but the good news is, harvard remains what it was when i first arrived on campus 50 years ago: america‘s most prestigious university.and, like other great universities, it lies at the heart of the american experiment in democracy.不過也有好消息，就是哈佛仍然秉承著50年前我剛入校時的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，依舊是美國最負盛名的大學。和其他頂尖的大學一樣，她處在美國民主實驗的核心位置。

這些頂尖大學的目的不僅是增長知識，還包括推進我們民族的理想。頂尖大學是讓各種背景、各種信仰、探尋各種問題的人，能到此自由開放地學習和探討想法的地方。

today, i‘d like to talk with you about how important it is for that freedom to exist for everyone, no matter how strongly we may disagree with another‘s viewpoint.今天我想跟大家聊聊，這種自由的存在對于每個人來說是多么的重要，無論我們多么不認同別人的觀點。

tolerance for other people‘s ideas, and the freedom to express your own, are inseparable values at great universities.joined together, they form a sacred trust that holds the basis of our democratic society.包容他人觀點，以及表達自身言論的自由，是頂尖大學不可分割的價值。兩者結合在一起，構成了支撐民主社會根基的一種神圣的信賴。

but let me tell you that trust is perpetually vulnerable to the tyrannical tendencies of monarchs, mobs, and majorities.and lately, we have seen those tendencies manifest themselves too often, both on college campuses and in our society.不過我要告訴大家，這種信賴在君主、暴民、多數(shù)派的專制傾向下是很脆弱的。最近，大家頻繁地看到這些傾向真實發(fā)生的事例，不管是在大學校園或社會。

that‘s the bad news – and unfortunately, i think both harvard, and my own city of new york, have been witnesses to this trend.這是個壞消息，而且很不幸的是，我認為哈佛以及我自己所在的城市紐約，也都目睹過這種傾向。

first, for new york city.several years ago, as you may remember, some people tried to stop the development of a mosque a few blocks from the world trade center site.首先，來談談紐約市。你們可能記得，幾年前有些人試圖阻止在世貿中心舊址幾個街區(qū)遠的地方建一座清真寺的計劃。

it was an emotional issue, and polls showed that two-thirds of americans were against a mosque being built there.even the anti-defamation league – widely regarded as the country‘s most ardent defender of religious freedom – declared its opposition to the project.這是個情感的議題，民意調查顯示超過2/3的美國人反對在該地修建清真寺。即便是反誹謗聯(lián)盟——這個被公認為全國宗教自由最狂熱的捍衛(wèi)者，也公然反對該項計劃。the opponents held rallies and demonstrations.they denounced the developers，and they demanded that city government stop its construction.that was their right and we protected their right to protest.but they could not have been more wrong.and we refused to cave in to their demands.反對者發(fā)動集會和示威活動。他們譴責開發(fā)商，要求市政府終止這項工程。那是他們的權利，我們保障他們抗議的權利。但他們的觀點絕對是錯誤的，我們拒絕向他們的要求妥協(xié)。the idea that government would single out a particular religion, and block its believers – and only its believers – from building a house of worship in a particular area is diametrically opposed to the moral principles that gave rise to our great nation and the constitutional protections that have sustained it.要求政府單獨選出一個特定的宗教、阻止并且只阻止其信徒在特定區(qū)域建立其宗教活動場所的想法，這完全悖離偉大民族的道德原則，是憲法保護所不允許的。

our union of 50 states rests on the union of two values: freedom and tolerance.and it is that union of values that the terrorists who attacked us on september 11th, 2001 and on april 15th, 2013 found most threatening.我們這50州聯(lián)邦的建立取決兩大價值的結合：自由和包容。正是這兩大價值的結合，讓2001年9月11日和2013年4月15日襲擊我們的恐怖分子備感威脅。to them, we were a god-less country.在他們看來，我們是一個無神的國度。

but in fact, there is no country that protects the core of every faith and philosophy known to human kind – free will – more than the united states of america.that protection, however, rests upon our constant vigilance.但事實上，沒有任何一個國家，比美國更能保護人類各種信仰和哲學認識的核心——自由意志。不過，這種保護需要依賴于我們時刻的警覺。

we like to think that the principle of separation of church and state is settled.it is not.and it never will be.it is up to us to guard it fiercely and to ensure that equality under the law means equality under the law for everyone.我們會這么認為：政教分離的原則已經確立。實際上并沒有，而且永遠不會。我們需要堅決地擁護它，以確保法律條文下規(guī)定的人人平等，對每個人都是平等的。

if you want the freedom to worship as you wish, to speak as you wish, and to marry whom you wish, you must tolerate my freedom to do so or not do so as well.如果你希望你的信仰、言論和選擇配偶的自由，如你所愿，你就必須包容我這樣做或不這樣做的自由。

第五篇：喬布斯_哈佛演講

蘋果總裁喬布斯在斯坦福大學畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

2005年6月12日

I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.Truth be told, I never graduated from college.And this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.That's it.No big deal.Just three stories.今天，有榮幸來到各位從世界上最好的學校之一畢業(yè)的畢業(yè)典禮上。我從來沒從大學畢業(yè)。說實話，這是我離大學畢業(yè)最近的一刻。今天，我只說三個故事，不談大道理，三個故事就好。

The first story is about connecting the dots.第一個故事，是關于人生中的點點滴滴怎么串連在一起。

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.So why did I drop out? 我在里德學院待了六個月就辦休學了。到我退學前，一共休學了十八個月。那么，我為什么休學？

It started before I was born.My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy;do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.She refused to sign the final adoption papers.She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.This was the start in my life.這得從我出生前講起。我的親生母親當時是個研究生，年輕未婚媽媽，她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我。她強烈覺得應該讓有大學畢業(yè)的人收養(yǎng)我，所以我出生時，她就準備讓我被一對律師夫婦收養(yǎng)。但是這對夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他們想收養(yǎng)女孩。所以在等待收養(yǎng)名單上的一對夫妻，我的養(yǎng)父母，在一天半夜里接到一通電話，問他們“有一名意外出生的男孩，你們要認養(yǎng)他嗎？”而他們的回答是“當然要”。后來，我的生母發(fā)現(xiàn)，我現(xiàn)在的媽媽從來沒有大學畢業(yè)，我現(xiàn)在的爸爸則連高中畢業(yè)也沒有。她拒絕在認養(yǎng)文件上做最后簽字。直到幾個月后，我的養(yǎng)父母同意將來一定會讓我上大學，她才軟化態(tài)度。

And 17 years later I did go to college.But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.十七年后，我上大學了。但是當時我無知選了一所學費幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學，我那工人階級的父母所有積蓄都花在我的學費上。六個月后，我看不出念這個書的價值何在。那時候，我不知道這輩子要干什么，也不知道念大學能對我有什么幫助，而且我為了念這個書，花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄，所以我決定休學，相信船到橋頭自然直。當時這個決定看來相當可怕，可是現(xiàn)在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。當我休學之后，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，把時間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。

It wasn't all romantic.I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.I loved it.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.Let me give you one example: 這一點也不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠著回收可樂空罐的五先令退費買吃的，每個星期天晚上得走七哩的路繞過大半個鎮(zhèn)去印度教的 Hare Krishna神廟吃頓好料。我喜歡Hare Krishna神廟的好料。追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，后來看來都成了無價之寶。舉例來說：

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.當時里德學院有著大概是全國最好的書法指導。在整個校園內的每一張海報上，每個抽屜的標簽上，都是美麗的手寫字。因為我休學了，可以不照正常選課程序來，所以我跑去學書法。我學了serif與san serif字體，學到在不同字母組合間變更字間距，學到活版印刷偉大的地方。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術感是科學所無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.And we designed it all into the Mac.It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.我沒預期過學的這些東西能在我生活中起些什么實際作用，不過十年后，當我在設計第一臺麥金塔時，我想起了當時所學的東西，所以把這些東西都設計進了麥金塔里，這是第一臺能印刷出漂亮東西的電腦。如果我沒沉溺于那樣一門課里，麥金塔可能就不會有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因為Windows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當年我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個人電腦都不會有這些東西，印不出現(xiàn)在我們看到的漂亮的字來了。當然，當我還在大學里時，不可能把這些點點滴滴預先串在一起，但是這在十年后回顧，就顯得非常清楚。

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.Because believing in the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart even when they leave you off the well-worn path.And it has made all the difference in my life.我再說一次，你不能預先把點點滴滴串在一起；唯有未來回顧時，你才會明白那些點點滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你現(xiàn)在所體會的東西，將來多少會連接在一塊。你得信任某個東西，直覺也好，命運也好，生命也好，或者業(yè)力。這種作法從來沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個不同起來。

My second story is about love and loss.我的第二個故事，有關愛與失去。

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life.Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20.We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired.How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him.So at 30 I was out.And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.我好運－年輕時就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛做什么事。我二十歲時，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸媽的車庫里開始了蘋果電腦的事業(yè)。我們拼命工作，蘋果電腦在十年間從一間車庫里的兩個小夥子擴展成了一家員工超過四千人、市價二十億美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個年頭，然后被炒魷魚。要怎么讓自己創(chuàng)辦的公司炒自己魷魚？好吧，當蘋果電腦成長后，我請了一個我以為他在經營公司上很有才干的家伙來，他在頭幾年也確實干得不錯。可是我們對未來的愿景不同，最后只好分道揚鑣，董事會站在他那邊，炒了我魷魚，公開把我請了出去。曾經是我整個成年生活重心的東西不見了，令我不知所措。

I really didn't know what to do for a few months.I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs downthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大決定時，所用過最重要的工具。因為幾乎每件事－所有外界期望、所有名譽、所有對困窘或失敗的恐懼－在面對死亡時，都消失了，只有最重要的東西才會留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有東西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。人生不帶來，死不帶去，沒什么道理不順心而為。

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.I didn't even know what a pancreas was.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.It means to say your goodbyes.一年前，我被診斷出癌癥。我在早上七點半作斷層掃描，在胰臟清楚出現(xiàn)一個腫瘤，我連胰臟是什么都不知道。醫(yī)生告訴我，那幾乎可以確定是一種不治之癥，我大概活不到三到六個月了。醫(yī)生建議我回家，好好跟親人們聚一聚，這是醫(yī)生對臨終病人的標準建議。那代表你得試著在幾個月內把你將來十年想跟小孩講的話講完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才會盡量輕松。那代表你得跟人說再見了。

I lived with that diagnosis all day.Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.I had the surgery and thankfully I'm fine now.我整天想著那個診斷結果，那天晚上做了一次切片，從喉嚨伸入一個內視鏡，從胃進腸子，插了根針進胰臟，取了一些腫瘤細胞出來。我打了鎮(zhèn)靜劑，不醒人事，但是我老婆在場。她后來跟我說，當醫(yī)生們用顯微鏡看過那些細胞后，他們都哭了，因為那是非常少見的一種胰臟癌，可以用手術治好。所以我接受了手術，康復了。

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades.Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: 這是我最接近死亡的時候，我希望那會繼續(xù)是未來幾十年內最接近的一次。經歷此事后，我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念時要更肯定告訴你們下面這些：

No one wants to die.Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.And yet death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.It is Life's change agent.It clears out the old to make way for the new.Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.沒有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活著上天堂。但是死亡是我們共有的目的地，沒有人逃得過。這是注定的，因為死亡簡直就是生命中最棒的發(fā)明，是生命變化的媒介，送走老人們，給新生代留下空間?，F(xiàn)在你們是新生代，但是不久的將來，你們也會逐漸變老，被送出人生的舞臺。抱歉講得這么戲劇化，但是這是真的。

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.你們的時間有限，所以不要浪費時間活在別人的生活里。不要被信條所惑－盲從信條就是活在別人思考結果里。不要讓別人的意見淹沒了你內在的心聲。最重要的，擁有跟隨內心與直覺的勇氣，你的內心與直覺多少已經知道你真正想要成為什么樣的人。任何其他事物都是次要的。

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.This was in the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.在我年輕時，有本神奇的雜志叫做 Whole Earth Catalog，當年我們很迷這本雜志。那是一位住在離這不遠的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand發(fā)行的，他把雜志辦得很有詩意。那是1960年代末期，個人電腦跟桌上出版還沒發(fā)明，所有內容都是打字機、剪刀跟拍立得相機做出來的。雜志內容有點像印在紙上的Google，在Google出現(xiàn)之前35年就有了：理想化，充滿新奇工具與神奇的注記。

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.And I have always wished that for myself.And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stewart跟他的出版團隊出了好幾期Whole Earth Catalog，然后出了?？?。當時是1970年代中期，我正是你們現(xiàn)在這個年齡的時候。在停刊號的封底，有張早晨鄉(xiāng)間小路的照片，那種你去爬山時會經過的鄉(xiāng)間小路。在照片下有行小字：求知若饑，虛心若愚。那是他們親筆寫下的告別訊息，我總是以此自許。當你們畢業(yè)，展開新生活，我也以此期許你們。

Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.求知若饑，虛心若愚。

Thank you all very much.非常感謝大家。