第一篇：北京市成人英語三級考試復(fù)習(xí)材料

（六）肯定與否定的某些不定代詞的用法

（此句中C是錯的?，F(xiàn)在的雙重否定變成肯定了。前半句還在夸歷史學(xué)教授知識淵博，到了后半句突然變得不學(xué)無術(shù)了。nothing應(yīng)改成anything。）

情態(tài)動詞，在英文中主要用來表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度等。它很接近中文里的能愿動詞。從用法上來說，它有這樣幾個特點：

1）各個情態(tài)動詞自身都有一定的詞義。2）情態(tài)動詞不能在句中獨立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。

3）情態(tài)動詞在句中不受任何人稱，性，數(shù)變化的影響。

4）情態(tài)動詞后接的不定式（除ought外）都不帶to，即接動詞原形。

英文中的情態(tài)動詞主要有：can，could，may，might，must，ought，need，dare，dared，另外，shall，will，should，would在一定的場合也可用作情態(tài)動詞。例如：

He can speak five languages.他會說五種語言。

She must have arrived home by now.現(xiàn)在她準(zhǔn)到家了。

We should study hard for our motherland.我們應(yīng)該為祖國而努力學(xué)習(xí)。

They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time for them.他們還有足夠的時間，用不著這么慌張。

1.常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法

can，could 能

（could可以看作是can的過去式，這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相同的。當(dāng)然could也有自己獨特的用法。）

1）表示腦力或體力上的能力

Nobody can stop the development of science.誰也無法阻止科學(xué)的發(fā)展。

She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。

He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters.他能潛入約二十米深的水中。

He could hardly support his family before he found the new job.他在找到那份新工作前幾乎無法養(yǎng)家。

I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr.Smith.我聽不懂史密斯先生作的那個關(guān)于計算機(jī)的講座。

2）表示客觀上的可能性

You can borrow this useful book from the library.你可以從圖書館借到這種有用的書。

A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found.不可能找到比他更適合這份工作的人了。

Now people can skate on the lake.現(xiàn)在人們可以在湖上滑冰了。

When the storm stopped，the plane could take off.當(dāng)風(fēng)暴停下來時，飛機(jī)可以起飛了不得。

3）表示主觀上的允許

Can I ask you some questions about it ？

我可以問你有關(guān)這件事的幾個問題嗎？

You can not leave here till I come back.直到我回來你才能離開。

Such kind of thing can't happen any more later.這類事以后不準(zhǔn)再發(fā)生了。

Can you tell me how to get to the airport ？你能告訴我怎么去機(jī)場嗎？

Could you tell me how to get to the airport ？

您能告訴我怎么去機(jī)場嗎？

Could I be forgiven my negligence ？請原諒我的疏忽，行嗎？

4）（用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫

How can / could you be here ？你怎么會在這兒？

She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that.她不可能蠢得去做那種事吧。

He couldn't / can't be over seventy.他不可能有七十多歲了。

Where could / can the boy be now？那孩子現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢？

另外，could還常用于表示較客氣委婉的看法、提問及用于虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中。這時候，could就不可以看作是can的過去式了。而是could自己獨特的用法。如：

Could you speak a little slowly ？

您能稍微說慢一點兒嗎？

I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment.恐怕我們這時候還無法給予您任何確切的答復(fù)。

I could come earlier if asked.如果要讓我早一點來，我可以來早一點。

We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.如果您能為我們提供幫助的話，我們將不甚感激。

You could have done better if you had worked harder at it.如果你再加把勁，本來可以干得更好一些的。

may，might 或許，可能，可以

（might可以看作是may的過去式，這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然may和might又都有一些各自不同的獨特用法。）

1）可能性

I may be busy from tomorrow on.從明天起我可能會忙起來。

You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning.你在早晨五點鐘以前起來，或許能從這兒看到日出。

I wondered if they might agree with the idea.我想知道他們是否會同意這種想法。

She thought it might be wise to try her luck here.她認(rèn)為在這兒碰碰運(yùn)氣也不錯。

2）表示允許

May I come in？我可以進(jìn)來嗎？

I'd like to have a smoke here if I may.如果可以的話我想在這兒抽一支煙。

The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days.圖書館理員告訴她說，她可以在三天后還那本書。

At the press conference，a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.在記者招待會上，一位新聞記者問大會主席她是否能提一個有關(guān)臺灣問題方面的問題。

3）may間或用來表示祝愿，也常用于表示目的或讓步的狀語從句中：

May that day come soon.但愿這天早日到來。

May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game.祝愿你比賽奪冠成功。

May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses.祝愿你繼續(xù)努力并取得更大的成功。表示極有可能發(fā)生某事

As an auto repairman，Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car.狄克作為一個汽車修理工總該知道這部車的毛病所在吧。

If we set off right now，we ought to be able to get there in time.如果我們馬上出發(fā)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠按時到達(dá)那里。

Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today.今天有這么好的晚霞，明天準(zhǔn)是個晴天。

need（用于否定句和疑問句）需要

There are still one and a half hours to go，we needn't be insuch a hurry.還有一個半小時，我們無需如此慌慌張張。

I hardly need say how much we missed you.不用說我們是多么想念你啊。

Need you go so soon ？你需要這么早就去嗎？

You need have no anxiety on my account.你不必為我而著急。

dare，dared（用于否定句、疑問句和疑問句）敢

Dare you stay here alone in the night ？ 你敢在夜里呆在這兒嗎？

Nobody dared mention that matter.沒有人敢提那件事。

How dared you say that to her ？ 你怎么敢對她說那件事？

Even if you dare do it，I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous.即使你敢做，我也會讓你做那件事，因為太危險了

shall 用作情態(tài)動詞時，適用于第二人稱和第三人稱。

主要表示下面幾層意思：

1）許諾

You shall hear everything directly you come.你一來就可以聽到一切了。

“Whatever you want you shall have，”said the Fairy.仙女說：“你想得到什么，你就可以有什么?！?/p>

I don't want to be hard on your daughter ；she shan't be pressed.我不想對你女兒太嚴(yán)厲，她不會太受壓的。

I promise that you shall see her again before long.我保證你不久就能再見到她。

2）命令

You shall come to my office immediately.你必須馬上來我的辦公室。

She shall not stay in my garden.她不可以呆在我的花園里。

He shall not come into my study.不許他進(jìn)我的書房。

You shall do as you are told.按告訴你的那么做。

3）決心（表示某事一定會發(fā)生）

That day shall come.那一天一定會到來。

It has been decided that he shall be given the job.肯定給他那份工作的事已經(jīng)定下來了。

This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001.這個法律于2001年元月1日生效。

4）規(guī)定

Each competitor shall wear a number.每個參賽者要佩戴一個數(shù)字標(biāo)。

The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state.租賃者要保持房屋整潔有序。

The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after receipt of the goods.賣方十月以前裝運(yùn)，買方在收到貨物后十五天內(nèi)付款。

should（用作情態(tài)動詞時，有時表示具體的意思，有時卻沒有意義。主要用于下面幾個方面。）

1）表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事

You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily.你不應(yīng)該匆匆忙忙地作出這么一個決定。

You should write to your parents at least once a month.你應(yīng)該至少每月給你父母親寫一封信。

We should read English aloud every morning.我們應(yīng)該每天早晨朗讀英文。

They should do it for their own good.為了他們自己利益他們應(yīng)該做這件事。

2）表示對某種情況的估計

She shouldn't be out in such an early morning.她不會這么一大早就出去了吧。

The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices.人們可能會從各種上漲的物價中感覺到這種稅的影響的。

The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.這次事件可能會將他們引向更嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。

This book should be published in two months at most.這本書最多兩個月后就會出版的。

3）表示驚訝、失望等情緒

I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.我認(rèn)為，竟然每個人都如此傷心就太糟糕了。

Why should I pay him for nothing ？ 我干嗎要無為地付給他錢？

It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上似乎太不公平了。

It's strange that it should be so cold today.奇怪，今天怎么會這么冷。

4）用于某些從句中表示虛擬語氣

The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized.大夫堅持認(rèn)為那個女孩要住院治療。

If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now.要不是由于大夫的精心照料，這個女孩現(xiàn)在就不能與你說話了。

She stood away so that he should enter the room first.她讓到一邊，好讓他第一個進(jìn)入房間。

I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我將它記下以免遺忘。

Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.帶上雨傘，以防萬一下雨。

will，would

（would可以看作是will的過去式，這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的獨特用法。）

1）用于第二人稱疑問句，表示請求（在這種用法中would使語氣更為客氣、委婉）

Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes ？

請告訴她我二十分鐘后回來，好嗎？

If you want help，just let me know，will you ？

你需要幫助就告訴我，好嗎？

Won't you come in and have a little whisky ？

你要不要進(jìn)來喝一點兒威士忌？（或是：你進(jìn)來喝一點兒威士忌，好嗎？）

Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ？

您能告訴我怎么去購物中心嗎？

2）用于表示愿望

Go where you will.去你想去的地方吧。

I will pay you at the rate you ask.我會按你要的利率付給你錢的。

He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure.他不愿意讓大夫給他量血壓。

They had to obey whether they would or not.他們不得不遵從他們的意愿。3）表示習(xí)慣、傾向（可譯成“總是會、老是，等”）

Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon.有時侯，那只貓總是整個下午都躺在那兒。

Oil and water will not mix.油和水決不能調(diào)和。

He would sit there for hours，doing nothing at all.他總是在那兒一坐就是幾個小時，什么都不干。

4）表示猜測（可譯成“一定是??、想必??，等”）

This will be the house you're looking for.這想必就是你要找的房子吧。

He will have gone back to New Zealand.他一定是回新西蘭去了。

The person you mentioned would be the father，is that right ？

你說的那個人一定是爸爸了，對嗎？

That would be in 1999，I think.那大概是在1999年吧。

5）will用于表示決心（可譯成“一定要，決心，等”）

We will never talk about that subject again.我們決不會再談?wù)撨@個話題了。

I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night.我即使整晚不睡覺也一定要讓這臺計算機(jī)工作起來。

6）would常用于虛擬條件句，表示與事實相反或不太可能實現(xiàn)的情況。

But for your help we would have been late.要不是你幫忙我們就遲到了。

Well，I wouldn't worry about it.It won't do me any good.7

好了，我不會擔(dān)心那件事的，因為它不會給我?guī)硎裁春锰帯?/p>

2.關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞后面接進(jìn)行式和完成式的情況

一般說來，“進(jìn)行式”表示動作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行；“完成式”則表示動作是發(fā)生在過去或是表示按理是發(fā)生了但事實上卻沒有發(fā)生。下面我們分別討論一下各種具體情況。

A.關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞后面接進(jìn)行式的情況

can后面接進(jìn)行式 表示可能正在發(fā)生的動作，例如：

What can she be doing at this moment ？這個時候她會在做什么呢？

You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在對我將真話。

Can he be still thinking of it I told him ？

他會不會還在考慮我告訴他的那件事呢？

may后面接進(jìn)行式表示可能正在發(fā)生的動作，例如：

Your mother may be waiting for you to return home.你媽媽可能正等著你回家吧。

She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day.她或許明天或者什么時候會動身去紐約。

They may be returning back before Christmas.他可能圣誕節(jié)前回來。

might后面接進(jìn)行式表示可能正在發(fā)生的動作，例如：

They might be planning to make a loan for their new project.他們也許在為他們的新項目策劃貸款的事。

She might still be crying for being wronged.她或許因為受了冤枉還在啼哭。

You might be telling me a lie.你也許在對我撒謊。

must后面接進(jìn)行式 表示想必正在做某事，例如：

You must be thinking where I learned it.你一定在想我是從哪兒知道這件事的。

They must be following us just a little behind us.他們肯定在離我們不遠(yuǎn)的地方尾隨著我們。

My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house.家里這么安靜，我弟弟一定在床上睡覺。

should后面接進(jìn)行式表示應(yīng)該正在做某事，例如：

You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.8

現(xiàn)在你該在做作業(yè)而不是看電視。

You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way.你不應(yīng)該只用一種方法考慮解決問題的辦法。

Why should I be waiting here without doing anything ？

我憑什么在這兒白等。

B.關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞后面接完成式的情況

can后面接完成式 表示可能已經(jīng)做了某事。例如：

He can't have left home because the television is on.因為電視還開著所以他不會離開家了。

Where can they have gone ？他們會去了哪兒呢？

You can't have finished the novel so soon.你不可能這么快就看完了那本小說。

could后面接完成式 表示本可能發(fā)生或本可以做的事而沒有發(fā)生或沒有做；它的否定形式則表示本不可能發(fā)生或本不可以做的事而已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)做了。例如：

The output could have been increased by 15%.產(chǎn)量本可以提高百分之十五的。

How could he have forgotten him birthday ？他怎么會忘了自己的生日呢？

Judging from her appearance and manner，she couldn't have been over fifty years old.從她的儀表和舉止來看，她不可能已有五十多歲了。第一，虛擬語氣。它主要可分為以下情況：

A，表建議，要求，命令的動詞，及與其相關(guān)的名詞、形容詞或分詞，后面的從句中都要用should+動詞原形作謂語，should可省略。

B，某些特殊的形容詞，后面常跟虛擬語氣。這一點要尤其注意。

C，wish后表示與現(xiàn)實相反的愿望時要用虛擬語氣。

D，would rather后若加從句則要用過去式表示虛擬語氣，也可以直接加do sth寧愿做?。

E，If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語中，表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設(shè)，表示與過去情況相反的假設(shè)時。

虛擬語氣這個考點在近兩年當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的考分這兩年稍微偏高，這一點尤其大家要格外的關(guān)注一些。

第二，定語從句。

這次考試對定語從句的考察是重點考察關(guān)系詞選擇和非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系詞的選擇 關(guān)鍵要從其在從句中擔(dān)任著的成分決定的，而不是在主句中的。非限定性定語從句通常由逗號與修飾的名詞相隔開，而且只能由which，who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)，其中which既可以指物，也可以指前面一整句話，這一點大家一定要注意。另外介詞和上面的關(guān)鍵詞連用構(gòu)成符合關(guān)系詞的情況也很多。

第三，反意疑問句。

可以有兩點，句子本身含有否定意義的時候，比如seldom后面用肯定形式的反問。第二，考察祈使句的反問，對陳述部分是肯定句的祈使句。第三，I think，I believe，I suppose等表示主觀看法的句子，其反意疑問句由后面的賓語從句相對應(yīng)。

第四，倒裝句。倒裝句一共有三項應(yīng)該注意：

A，only后面加狀語，并放于句首時，句子用倒裝；而當(dāng)其修飾其它成分時不倒裝。

B，表示否定意義的副詞或短語，如seldom，never，rarely，in no time。

C，注意Hardly/scarcely/barely had sb done?when這一句型，表示?就?（as soon as后不加倒裝）

第五，主謂一致。

A，當(dāng)主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except等短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。

B，表示時間，距離，金錢，速度等的數(shù)量詞作主語時，通常將其看作是一個整體，為單數(shù)。

C，就近原則either?or?，neither?nor?，not only?but also?等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，由第二個詞后的名詞決定謂語形式。

第六，強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

大家記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)it is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who（人）+句子中其他成分。

大家記住這個結(jié)構(gòu)之后，在這次考試當(dāng)中它有可能在單選題當(dāng)中占到兩到四分。

第七，連詞的辨析。

*that：可引導(dǎo)同位語從句、表語從句、主語從句、賓語從句等；that在這些從句中無實際含義，也不擔(dān)任任何成分。

*So+形容詞/副詞that?such+（冠詞或形容詞）名詞that，表示如此?以至于。

*what：可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語等。

*wheher?or?/whether or no?是否?，if則無此用法。

*by加表示過去的時間，則主句用過去完成時；加現(xiàn)在，則主句用現(xiàn)在完成時；加將來時間，則主句用將來完成時。

*時間狀語，條件狀語還有某些讓步狀語中，不出現(xiàn)將來時，要用現(xiàn)在式表示將來時。

*分辨一下表示因和果的連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，容易出選擇題。

八，省略句。

在一些時間，條件或讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句和從句的主語相同，而從句為主系結(jié)構(gòu)時（即有be），可將從句主語和系動詞一起省略。

九，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。

A，在某些動詞或詞組后常用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，對前面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。

B，還可表示時間狀語。有時要用完成形式，表示動作已經(jīng)在主句動作前先完成。

C，現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可作原因狀語。

D，有時還可表示伴隨情況或方式。

E，注意在一些動詞短語中to為介詞，后加名詞或動名詞。

虛擬語氣是英語中一種重要的語氣形式，也是英語語法中一個重要的語法點。

由于虛擬語氣所涉及的內(nèi)容比較廣，一些語法書對其的闡述也很繁雜，所以同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)過程中很難掌握其用法，在使用過程中或考試時也很容易出錯。為了便于大家理解和記憶，網(wǎng)校對虛擬語氣作了一個“新”歸納，供大家參考。

虛擬語氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用，以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。

虛擬條件句

虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實或與事實相反或在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下表：

例句：

1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反

If I had enough money now，I would lend it to you.If I were you，I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.2）表示與過去事實相反

If he had taken your advice，he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.3）表示與將來事實相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again，he could certainly achieve more.1.虛擬條件句的倒裝

在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人的一種主觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬條件句的倒裝是通過去掉if，把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實現(xiàn)的。例如：

Had I been（= If I had been）in that situation，I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be（= If there should be）a drought，what should we do at that time ？

2.錯綜時間條件句

有時條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間并不一致，這時謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具體時間來決定。例如：

If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years，things wouldn't be going so smoothly.If the Party hadn't led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.3.含蓄條件句

有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如：

But for the help from you，I would not have had the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises，but，you see，my baby is in a deep sleep.It was so quiet ；you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用

在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語 氣的形式不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“should類”和“過去時態(tài)類”。

一、should類

這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用“should +動詞原形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以省略。其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：

1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。

如：

He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should）be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we（should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2.與suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞suggestion，order，demand，proposal 等后的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：

The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should）set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.在It is/was suggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）結(jié)構(gòu)以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：

It's requested that we（should）keep the stability of the society for the people's peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should）be treated immediately

二、過去時態(tài)類

英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時態(tài)（如：一般過去時、過去完成時等）來體現(xiàn)的。

1.wish，would rather 后的賓語從句。如：

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2.as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句。如：

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.13

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3.由if only（要是??，那該多好?。。┮龑?dǎo)的驚嘆句。如：

If only I had passed the test！

If only it stopped raining！

4.It is（about/high）time 后的定語從句。如：

It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.虛擬語氣的其它用法

在英語中，一些表示建議、請求、勸告、愿望、祈禱、祝?；蛟{咒的句子，也需要使用虛擬語氣。如：

Would you mind smoking here ？

May you be lucky！

Long live the people of China！

God save me.一、區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

例1：___great progress he has made！

A.How B.How a C.What D.What a

此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選D，誤認(rèn)為progress是可數(shù)名字。此題命題者主要考察了兩個方面的問題：一是感嘆句句型；二是名詞progress的可數(shù)性。

感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：

1）how+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！

2）what+（a/an）+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語?。ㄖ髡Z為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式，其前不用a/an）

英語中除了像air，water，milk，iron等這些中國人一目了然的不可數(shù)名詞外，還有一些不可數(shù)名詞很容易弄錯。其中典型的有：work（工作），news（消息），luck（運(yùn)氣），fun（有趣的事），home-work（家庭作業(yè)），advice（勸告、建議），harm（損害，傷害），progress（進(jìn)步），information（信息、消息），weather（天氣），wealth（財富），furniture（家具），luggage/baggage（行李）等。注意一下正誤句型：

誤：I wish you a good luck.14 正：I wish you good luck.祝你好運(yùn)。

誤：It's a great fun for us to be with her.正：It's great fun for us to be with her.誤：He gave us some advices.正：He gave us some advice.例2：-Where does Mr Smith work？

-He works in a glass_____ around here.A.work B.works C.working D.workes

此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選C，誤認(rèn)為：因為其前用了不定冠詞a，所以不能選work（因為不可數(shù)）和works（因為是復(fù)數(shù)），D顯然是錯的。這里work有三個意思很容易弄混：

1、表示“工作”是不可數(shù)名詞：

He has too much work to do.他要做的工作太多。

2、表示“著作”或“作品”是可數(shù)名詞，但多用復(fù)數(shù)：

The man gained his wealth by printing words off amous writers.他通過印刷著名作家的作品而贏得他的財富。

3、表示“工廠”只用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可表示單數(shù)意義：

The glass works is are near the station.玻璃工廠在車站附近。

類似地注意以下各名詞因變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，而導(dǎo)致含義有變化：

green 綠色 greens 青菜，蔬菜 wood 木頭，木材

woods 小樹林 manner 方式，方法 manners 禮貌

arm 臂 arms武器 water 水

waters河川，海，溫泉spirit 精神 spirits 心境 quarter 四分之一

quarters 軍營 custom習(xí)慣 customs 關(guān)稅 force 力氣

forces 軍隊

例3：-Can I help you？-____，please.A.Two teas B.Two cups of teas C.Two cup teas D.Two cup of tea

此題應(yīng)選A。其余幾項都容易被誤選。要做好此題，先要弄清tea的兩種用法：

1、表示“茶”，是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)：

I don't like to drink tea.我不喜歡喝茶。Would you like a cup of tea？要喝杯茶嗎？

2、在口語中可以表示“一杯茶”，是可數(shù)名詞；

-What can I do for you？你要吃點什么？-Two teas，please.請來兩杯茶。

但是值得注意的是，雖然以上兩種用法都可以，但千萬不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。如可以說two teas，也可以說two cupsof tea，但是不能說two cups of teas。

具有類似用法的詞還有coffee（咖啡）：

1、表示“咖啡”，是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)：

I prefer tea to coffee.我喜歡喝茶不喜歡喝咖啡。

He served us with two cups of coffee.他用兩杯咖啡招待我們。

2、在口語中可以表示“一杯咖啡”，是可數(shù)名詞：

-Can I help you？你要點什么？

-Two coffees，please.請來兩杯咖啡。

同時也要注意不要將以上兩種用法混在一起。如可以說two coffees，也可以說two cups of coffee，但是絕對不能說two cups of coffees。

二、數(shù)詞dozen，score，hundred，thousand，mil lion的用法

例 I want three_____ these eggs.A.dozen B.dozens C.dozen of D.dozens of

此題涉及兩個方面的問題：一是dozen是否加詞尾-s，二是其后是否接介詞of.由于在這個問題上dozen與score，hundred，thousand，million極為相似，所以這里將它們放在一起敘述：

1）當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不后接介詞of（盡管有人認(rèn)為score/dozen之后有時可接of，但慣用法認(rèn)為，省略of常見）：three hundred students 300名學(xué)生/three score（of）eggs 60只雞蛋

2）當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)，則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而且要后接介詞of，然后才能后接名詞：thousands of students數(shù)千名學(xué)生/dozens of times幾十次/mil-lions of years ago數(shù)百萬年前

3）當(dāng)這些詞與a few，several，many等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時，用不用復(fù)數(shù)形式均可，但是注意：不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的介詞of可以省略；用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后介詞of不能省略：several dozen（of）pencils/several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆

4）當(dāng)這些詞后面的名詞有了the，these，those等特指限定詞修飾時，或其后接的是us，them這樣的人稱代詞時，則此時必須用介詞of：two hundred of the workers這些工人中的200人/threedozen of these eggs這些雞蛋中的3打/four dozen of them它們中的4打

通過以上分析：此題答案顯然只能是C。

三、容易弄錯的集合名詞

It is reported that a great number of ______died in the drought.A.cattles B.polices C.peoples D.poultry

此題應(yīng)選D.其余幾項均可能被誤選。此題主要涉及集合名詞的用法，下面將集合名詞的有關(guān)用法作一歸納：

Ⅰ類：這一類包括cattle（牛），people（人），police（警察），poul-try（家禽）等，其用法特點為：只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù)；不與a（n）連用，但可與the連用（表示總括意義和特指）：The police are looking for him.People will laugh at you.Ⅱ類：這一類包括family（家庭），team（隊），class（班），audience（聽眾）等，其用法特點為：若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較：

This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學(xué)生組成。

This class are studying English now.這個班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。

Ⅲ類：這一類包括baggage/luggage（行李），clothing（衣服），furniture（家俱），machinery（機(jī)器）等，其用法特點為：是不可數(shù)名詞，要用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞），沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式：

Our clothing protects us from against the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。

Have you checked all your baggage？你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎？

四、means用法易錯點

Every possible means_____ been tried，and wefind only______ this means can we do it well.A.have，in B.have，by C.has，in D.has，by

此題應(yīng)選D。其余幾項均容易被誤選。這里主要涉及名詞means（方式，方法，手段）的用法與搭配：

1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形（永遠(yuǎn)有詞尾-s）。若用作主語，其謂語的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來確定。比較：

1）All possible means have been tried.2）Every possible means has been tried.若句意不能明確地表明主語的單復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可：

Is are there any other means of doing it？做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎？

2、表示以某種方式、方法或手段，用介詞by：

Only by this means can you do it well.只有通過這種辦法你才能做好此事。

有時用by means of，意為：用，依靠：

Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠語言來表達(dá)。

3、表示做某事的方法或手段，多接“of+（動）名詞”：

But they had no means of cooking them.但是他們沒有辦法來把它們煮熟。

Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.去那兒最快的辦法是坐飛機(jī)。

1.—— Look！He's running so fast！

—— Hard to _______ his legs were once broken.A.know B.imagine C.realize D.find

2.Of the seven days in a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries.A.way B.situation C.event D.choice

3.Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I've filled it in right？

A.take off B.look after C.give up D.go over

4.At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _____.A.out of sight B.out of reach C.out of order D.out of place

5.You don't look _____，what's the matter with you？

A.good B.nice C.well D.kind

6.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the ______ of running water.A.shout B.noise C.voice D.sound

7.——Did he go to school when he was ten？ ——No，he taught _____ at home.A.him B.himself C.his D.he

8.How much is it _________？

A.of all B.at all C.in all D.after all

9.I _______ him to help me when I moved the heavy cupboard.A.got B.made C.had D.let

10.He has spent a large _______ of money on his new house.A.deal B.amount C.number D.piece

11.Another communication satellite was _________ last year.A.made up B.sent up C.sent off D.put off

12.It_______ me half a day to wash the dirty clothes.A.cost B.spent C.used D.took

13._______ I am late，start without me.A.Even if B.In case C.Unless D.Because

14.The girl，_____ and _______ rushed out of the dark cave.A.frightening，trembling B.frightened，trembling

C.frightened，trembled D.frightening，tremble

15._______ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.What C.That D.As

16.Before making your speech，you'd better ________ your thoughts and ideas.A.collect B.gather C.get D.prepare

17.——The young man is good at a lot of things but you can't say he is ________.—— I agree with you.Actually no one is.A.wonderful B.splendid C.perfect D.complete

18.—— Would you lend me ________ paper to write ________ paper？

——Sorry，I haven't any.A.any；some B.any；a C.a；some D.some；a

19.Some people are good at ________ but bad at giving back.A.borrowing B.taking C.bringing D.lending

20.—— Mike，our team will play against the Rockets this weekend.I'm sure we will win.—— ________！

A.Good luck B.Cheers C.Best wishes D.Congratulations

21.It is reported that the floods have left about _________ people homeless.A.two thousand B.two-thousands C.two thousands D.two thousands of

22.Work gets done ______ when people do it together，and the rewards are higher too.19

A.easily B.very easy C.more easily D.easier

23.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard

24.—— My cat's really fat.—— You ______ have given her so much food.A.wouldn't B.couldn't C.shouldn't D.mustn't

25.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.arrive

26.The open-air celebration has been put off _______ the bad weather.A.in case of B.in spite of C.instead of D.because of

27.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_______ they knew it to be valuable.A.as if B.now that C.even though D.so that

28.The moment I got home，I found I my jacket on the playground.A.had left B.left C.have left D.was leaving

29.Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.A.he stopped B.did he stop C.stopped he D.he did stop

30.He doesn't have furniture in his room ——just an old desk.A.any B.many C.some D.much

31.around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show

32.The man pulled out a gold watch，_______ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which

33.________ we will build a new power plant hasn't been decided yet.A.If B.What C.Whether D.That

34.Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses _____ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A.because B.though C.unless D.if

35.In many places in China，bicycle is still poplar means of transportation.A.a； the B./； a C.the； a D.the； the

36.-Did you go to the show last night？

-Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.A.were B.have been C.has been D.was

37.-Which of the two computer games did you prefer？-Actually I didn't like _____.A.both of them B.either of them C.none of them D.neither of them

38.It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A.how B.which C.that D.where

39.You didn't use to like him much when we were at school，_______？

A.were we B.weren't we C.did you D.didn't you

40.-Sorry，I made a mistake again.advertisement 廣告

BA —— Bachelor of Arts文科學(xué)士

BS/BSc —— Bachelor of Science理科學(xué)士

Prof.—— professor教授

Mr.—— Mister先生

VIP —— very important person重要人物，大人物

6.簡化法

英語中有些單詞在非正式的文體中還可能以簡化的拼寫方式出現(xiàn)，復(fù)習(xí)中需要了解的這類單詞有：

fridge（冰箱）-refrigerator

flu（流感）-influenza

phone（電話）-telephone

gym（體育館）-gymnasium 虛擬語氣是英語中一種重要的語氣形式，也是英語語法中一個重要的語法點。

由于虛擬語氣所涉及的內(nèi)容比較廣，一些語法書對其的闡述也很繁雜，所以同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)過程中很難掌握其用法，在使用過程中或考試時

也很容易出錯。為了便于大家理解和記憶，網(wǎng)校對虛擬語氣作了一個“新”歸納，供大家參考。

虛擬語氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用，以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。

虛擬條件句

虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實或與事實相反或在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下表：

例句：

1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反

If I had enough money now，I would lend it to you.If I were you，I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.2.表示與過去事實相反

If he had taken your advice，he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.3.表示與將來事實相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again，he could certainly achieve more.1.虛擬條件句的倒裝

在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人的一種主觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬條件句的倒裝是通過去掉if，把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實現(xiàn)的。例如：

Had I been(= If I had been)in that situation，I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be(= If there should be)a drought，what should we do at that time ?

2.錯綜時間條件句

有時條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間并不一致，這時謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具體時間來決定。例如：

If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years，things wouldn't be going so smoothly.If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.3.含蓄條件句

有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語(如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position)、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如：

But for the help from you，I would not have had the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises，but，you see，my baby is in a deep sleep.It was so quiet;you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用

在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“should類”和“過去時態(tài)類”。

一、should類

這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用“should +動詞原形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以省略。其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：

1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist

等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語

從句中要使用虛擬語氣。

如：

He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task(should)be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we(should)deal with the problem by the view of development.2.與suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞suggestion，order，demand，proposal 等后的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：

The general sent the order that the battle(should)be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we(should)set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.在It is/was suggested(ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.)結(jié)構(gòu)以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：

It's requested that we(should)keep the stability of the society for the people's peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should)be treated immediately 模擬

Part I Reading Comprehension（30%）

Directions：There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you.You say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.Is this rally a lie？

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.（76）According to him，women are better liars than men，particularly when telling a “white lie”，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.However，this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they have no intension of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”。（77）He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying.They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things，and in particular the context in which the lie is told.1.According to the passage，a “white lie” seems to be a lie

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don't believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone

2.Research suggests that women 37

A.are better at telling less serious lies than men are

B.generally lie far more than men do

C.lie at parties more often than men do

D.often make promises they intend to break

3.Researchers find that when a person tells lies

A.his blood pressure increases measurably

B.he looks very serious

C.he tends to make some small changes in his behavior

D.he uses his unconscious mind

4.One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that

A.they wish they were somewhere else

B.the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C.they want to cover their mouths

D.they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

5.The tone of this passage tells us that the writer

A.hates to lie

B.enjoys lying

C.often tells a lie

D.tries to analyze lying

一、文章總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析

全篇圍繞“謊言”這一主題展開敘述：第一段通過舉例及疑問的方式探討究竟什么才算是謊言；第二段介紹了南加州大學(xué)的Jerald Jellison教授做過一個關(guān)于說謊的科學(xué)研究的結(jié)論，即男人和女人說謊是不同的，而男人更可能說更嚴(yán)重的謊言；第三段則介紹了說謊時行為上的一些細(xì)微的改變；第四段主要講述了說謊時“封嘴”這一具體行為；最后又補(bǔ)充說明以上舉止并不能構(gòu)成講話者正在說謊的證據(jù)，而是一系列的東西，特別是說謊者所說的謊言本身。

二、試題具體分析

1.「答案」C 本題考查的是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)于文章第一、二段。第一段中“you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.”，第二段又用舉例的方法解釋了white lie的含義。這個例子就是“such as when a woman at a party tells

another woman that she likes her dress when she really think it looks awful.”

2.「答案」A 本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)文章的第二段。該段比較了男人和女人說謊的不同，而且男人更可能說更嚴(yán)重的謊言。參見第二段中句子“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，??”這里的比較就是與前一句中女人撒謊相比。

3.「答案」C 本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)于第三段第一句：Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie.同樣有研究側(cè)重于當(dāng)人們說謊時他們行為的一些細(xì)小的，明顯的不重要的改變，很容易看出答案C與該句符合。

4.「答案」B 本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)于第三段最后一句：The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.鼻尖對這樣的變化非常敏感，血壓的增加使得它發(fā)癢，即與B選項吻合。

5.「答案」D 此題考查的是考生對整篇短文的觀點的理解。文章首先講到男人女人說謊的不同，而后又分析說謊時人們行為方式的變化等等，所以說文章是在分析說謊。其他選項錯誤。

三、文章長難句分析與佳句賞析

1.In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.實際上，你并不缺錢，但是你的這位朋友卻有欠錢不還的習(xí)慣而你又不想通過提醒他這點而傷害他的感情。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：you are not short of?but your friend is in the habit of?and you don't want to?by?；short of?缺乏?；in the habit of?養(yǎng)成?習(xí)慣；pay one's deb還?的債；remind sb of?提醒某人使想起?。

2.He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.他說有幾種動作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一個手指支在嘴角。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：He says there are several typical forms of this，such as?；cover?with?用?遮蓋。

四、核心詞匯

short of?缺乏?；in the habit of?養(yǎng)成?習(xí)慣；pay one's deb還?的債；remind sb of?提醒某人使想起?；liar慣于說謊者；awful糟糕的；fulfill履行，實現(xiàn)，完成；sensitive敏感的，靈敏的；give?away出賣?；unconscious無意識的，不省人事；attempt嘗試，努力，試圖；rub擦，摩擦；context上下文；itch發(fā)癢；

五、全文翻譯

謊言究竟是什么？是說一些我們知道不是真實的事情？還是甚于這些？例如，假設(shè)一個朋友向你借錢。你說“我希望能幫助你，但我現(xiàn)在自己也缺錢?！睂嶋H上，你并不缺錢，但是你的這位朋友卻有欠錢不還的習(xí)慣而你又不想通過提醒他這點而傷害他的感情。這是一個真正的謊言嗎？

南加州大學(xué)的Jerald Jellison教授做過一個關(guān)于說謊的科學(xué)研究。研究顯示女人比男人更善于說謊，特別是說“善意的謊言”，例如在一個派對上一個女人稱贊另一個女人的衣服而實際上她認(rèn)為那衣服很難看。然而這只是故事的一方面。其他的研究者說男人更傾向于說一些較嚴(yán)重的謊言，例如承諾他們從來沒想過要實現(xiàn)的承諾。政客和商人似乎特別擅長于此類謊言：說謊者可從謊言中獲利或在某些方面得到好處。

同樣有研究側(cè)重于當(dāng)人們說謊時他們行為的一些細(xì)小的，明顯的不重要的改變。結(jié)果表明如果他們當(dāng)時坐著，那么他們會更多的在椅子中移動。他們對受過訓(xùn)練的觀察者承認(rèn)“我希望我是在另一個地方”。他們也會更多的觸摸臉部的某些部分，特別是鼻子。一個解釋是因為說謊會使血壓產(chǎn)生微小的變化。鼻尖對這樣的變化非常敏感，血壓的增加使得它發(fā)癢。

另一個將說謊者出賣的舉動是在Desmond Morris的書《Manwatching》中提到的“封嘴”。他說有幾種動作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一個手指支在嘴角。這樣的行為可以看作是一種阻止說謊者繼續(xù)說謊的下意識舉動。

當(dāng)然，這些舉止，例如摸鼻子或者掩蓋嘴唇，或者在椅子中移動都不能作為講話者正在說謊的證據(jù)。只是這些行為在這樣的情況下更容易發(fā)生。不是一個舉止就可以將說謊者出賣，而是一系列的東西，特別是說謊者所說的謊言本身。Passage 2

Question 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.（78）Let children learn to judge their own work.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time：if corrected too much，he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use.Bit by bit，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's.In the same way，children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught—to walk，run，climb，whistle，ride a bicycle—compare their own performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself.We do it all for him.We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to.Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.40

If it is a matter of right answers，as it may be in mathematics or science，give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？Our job should be to help the child when he tells that he can't find the way to get the right answer.Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，how to measure their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know.6.According to the passage，which of the following is the best way for children to learn things？

A.Listening to skilled people's advice.B.Asking older people many questions.C.Making mistakes and having them corrected.D.Doing what other people do.7.The writer think teachers should NOT

A.give children correct answers B.allow children to make mistakes

C.point out children's mistakes to them D.let children mark their own work

8.According to the writer，teachers in school should

A.allow children to learn from each other

B.point out children's mistakes whenever found

C.correct children's mistakes as soon as possible

D.give children more book knowledge

9.According to the passage，learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are

A.different from learning other skills B.the same as learning other skills

C.more important than other skills D.not really important skills

10.The title of this passage could probably be

A.Let Us Teachers Stop Work

B.Let Us Make Children Learn

C.Let Children Correct Their Exercises

D.Let Children Learn By Themselves

一、文章總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析

文章第一段主要圍繞讓孩子們學(xué)會判斷他們自己的工作而論述，通過列舉事實講述了要

給孩子留有空間，讓他們自己在學(xué)習(xí)中成長，而非總是來指導(dǎo)他們什么是正確的什么是不正確的；第二段主要談?wù)撛趯W(xué)校老師們總是給學(xué)生指出錯誤，應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，自己改正。

二、試題具體分析

6.「答案」D.本題考查的是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)文章第一段，其中列舉了大量事實講述要給孩子留有空間，讓他們自己在學(xué)習(xí)中成長，而并非總是來指導(dǎo)他們什么是正確什么不是正確。與D項更好相符。

7.「答案」C.本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)文章第一段后兩句，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容我們可以知道作者認(rèn)為教師不能老是給學(xué)生指出錯誤，應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，自己改正。

8.「答案」A.本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)文章第一段的內(nèi)容。按照作者的意思，老師要允許孩子們彼此學(xué)習(xí)。

9.「答案」B.本題考查的也是考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對應(yīng)文章第一段第四行。

10.「答案」D.本題考查的是考生對全篇文章的理解，第一段和第二段都是講要讓孩子自己去學(xué)會技能，而不必總是老師來教一切。

三、文章長難句分析與佳句賞析

1.Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.讓他自己解決，如果他愿意的話可以在其他孩子們的幫助下，他說什么，這個問題的答案是什么，這是否是說或者做的一個好方法。

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Let him work out?what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.with the help of?在句中作插入語成份。而work out后面跟的是三個并列成份。

2.Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，how to measure their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know.讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)那些受過教育的人們有朝一日要學(xué)習(xí)的，如何衡量他們自己的理解力，如何知道他們知道什么，不知道什么。

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Let the children learn what?，how to?，how to?，what?，how to?，how to?為句子的三個并列賓語從句。

四、核心詞匯

Judge判斷；Bit by bit逐漸地；whistle吹口哨；performance執(zhí)行，行為；point out指出；work out解決；waste浪費；routine日常事務(wù)，例行公事；

五、全文翻譯

讓孩子們學(xué)會判斷他們自己的工作。一個孩子學(xué)說話并不是通過一直地被糾正而學(xué)會的：如果被糾正的太多的話，他會停止說話。他在一天中注意他所用的語言和周圍的人們用的語言的不同有上千次。一點一點地，他為使他的語言像其他人的一樣而作了必要的改變。同樣地，孩子們學(xué)其他所有的事情，他們都是無師自通的——走路，跑，爬，吹口哨，騎自行車——將他們自己的行為和那些更熟練地人們進(jìn)行比較，慢慢地做出必要的改變。但是，在學(xué)校里，我們并沒有給一個孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錯誤并自己改正的機(jī)會。我們?nèi)紴樗麄冏隽?。我們的做法好像是我們認(rèn)為他是不會注意到錯誤的，除非為他指出來，或者是他是不會改正錯誤的，除非我們讓他改正。讓他自己解決，如果他愿意的話可以在其他孩子們的幫助下，他說什么，這個問題的答案是什么，這是否是說或者做的一個好方法。

如果是一個正確答案的問題，像是數(shù)學(xué)或者是科學(xué)，給他們答案書。讓他們自己更正自己的作業(yè)。為什么我們老師要浪費時間在如此程序化的事情上呢？我們的工作是在孩子說他找不到得到正確答案的方法時給他幫助。讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)那些受過教育的人們有朝一日要學(xué)習(xí)的，如何衡量他們自己的理解力，如何知道他們知道什么，不知道什么。Passage 3

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage：

（79）John had bought a packet of cigarettes just before we caught the train and he offered me one as we settled ourselves in our compartment.We were on our way back from a camping holiday；we had lived rough for over a fortnight and even a cigarette was a luxury at that moment.I felt in my pocket for a box of matches，but could not find any.“I haven't got any either，” said John.Sitting opposite to us was a man whose face was hidden by a newspaper.“Excuse me，sir，”said John，leaning across.“Could you give me a light，please？”

The newspaper was lowered to reveal a rather elderly man with a stern face.“This is a no smoking compartment，”the man said.He indicated the notice near the window.We apologized and put away our unlit cigarettes.（80）The man went on，in a rather more kindly way，to warn us against the dangers of smoking.“I speak as a doctor，”he concluded，and after that he went back to reading

his newspaper.When he got out a few stations later，he left his newspaper behind him.We picked it up，eager to find out what had happened while we were on holiday.“Just look at this，”remarked John，pointing to a photograph.“it's the man who was sitting opposite us.” Underneath the photograph was an account of a lunatic（精神病者）who had recently escaped.It appeared that he liked to pretend to be a doctor.11.The friends had spent their holiday ______.A.on a boat B.in a tent C.on a farm D.with an aunt

12.Their holiday had lasted ______.A.more than two weeks B.just two weeks

C.less than two weeks D.a week or two

13.The man ______.A.threw his newspaper away

B.offered them his newspaper

C.dropped his newspaper

D.did not take his newspaper with him

14.The two friends read the newspaper ______.A.in a hurry B.with great interest

C.to pass the time D.to look at the pictures

15.The man's photograph was in the newspaper because he was ______.A.a doctor B.a spaceman C.a madman D.an actor

一、文章大意和總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章是一個小故事，講述作者和朋友火車上與同車廂的旅客間發(fā)生的一件趣事。作者和約翰準(zhǔn)備在火車上吸煙，但是坐在對面的旅客提醒他們這是無煙車廂并忠告了他們吸煙的害處。文章一直很符合邏輯地進(jìn)行，但是最后的結(jié)尾比較出人意料。原來坐在對面的自稱為醫(yī)生的旅客竟是一位剛從精神病院逃出的患者。

二、試題詳解

11、B 此題考查的是考生對文章信息的搜索。We were on our way back from a camping holiday.說明作者剛剛結(jié)束露營回來，而露營一般都會聯(lián)想到tent“帳篷”。A項on a 44 boat“在船上”，C項on a farm“在農(nóng)場上”，D項 with an aunt“與阿姨一起”，這三項在文章中都沒有體現(xiàn)。

12、A 本題考查的是對詞義的理解。We had lived rough for over a fortnight.Fortnight意思是兩周。Over，“超過”，超過兩周，所以應(yīng)選A，more than two weeks.13、D.倒數(shù)第二行說：He left his newspaper behind him?? A.threw his newspaper away，“扔掉報紙”；B.offered them his newspaper “將報紙給了作者和他的朋友”；C.dropped his newspaper，“扔掉報紙”。

14、D.最后一段第一行說：“Just look at this”，remarked John，pointing to a photograph.“pointing to a photograph”，“指著報紙上的照片”。A.in a hurry，“匆忙地”；B.with great interest，“帶著很大的興趣”；C.to pass the time，“為了消磨時間”。這三項都與文章的意思不符，所以應(yīng)選A。

15、C.此題旨在測試考生對單詞的理解。最后一段第二行說：“Underneath the photograph was an account of a lunatic who had recently escaped.” Lunatic意為“精神病患者”。所以應(yīng)選C.a madman。

三、文章長難句分析

1、John had bought a packet of cigarettes just before we caught the train and he offered me one as we settled ourselves in our compartment.就在我們趕上火車之前約翰買了一包煙，等我們在車廂安頓好之后他遞給我一支。Catch the train，趕上火車。Settle sb.in some places，在某處坐好，安頓好。

2、The man went on，in a rather more kindly way，to warn us against the dangers of smoking.這個男人以一種更和善的口吻堅持讓我們警惕吸煙的危害。In a more kindly way，為插入語，修飾這個人說話的語氣、態(tài)度。To warn us against the dangers of smoking是賓語成分。

四、核心詞匯

Settle sb.in some places，坐好、安頓好；live rough艱苦地度過；be opposite to在對面；lean across傾斜身體； no smoking compartment無煙車廂；warn against告捷、警告；eager to急于做某事；an account of，?的說明；pretend to假裝

五、全文翻譯

就在我們趕上火車之前約翰買了一包煙，等我們在車廂安頓好之后他遞給我一支。我們正從假期露營回家的路上，經(jīng)過了兩個多星期的艱苦生活，現(xiàn)在一支香煙對我們來說都是一種奢侈。

我摸摸口袋，想找出火柴，但發(fā)現(xiàn)我沒有。“我也沒有”，約翰說。我們對面坐著一位先生，報紙遮住了他的臉。“對不起，先生”，約翰斜了斜身子，“您能借我們個火兒嗎？”那位已過中年的先生放低報紙，我們看到他嚴(yán)肅的臉?！斑@是無煙車廂”，他說，并向我們指了指窗戶上的標(biāo)志。我們向他到了歉并收起了還未點著的香煙。這個男人以一種更和善的口吻堅持讓我們警惕吸煙的危害。最后他總結(jié)道：“作為一名醫(yī)生，我這么講。”然后便繼續(xù)看報?；疖囉纸?jīng)過了幾站，那位先生便下車了，并留下了他的報紙。我們拿過報紙，急于了解在我們露營期間外面都發(fā)生了什么?！翱纯催@個”，約翰指著一張照片對我說，“這不是剛才坐在我們對面的那個人嗎？”照片底下有一行說明，這就是最近剛剛逃出來精神病患者?？磥硭矚g假扮醫(yī)生。

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure（30%）

Directions：In this part，there are 30 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16.______ the fact that the area had been hit by the severest drought in twenty years，a fairly good harvest was gathered in.A.In spite B.Despite

C.In spite that D.Despite of

17.I objected ______ the meeting without him.A.to have B.to having C.having D.have

18.There was no sense ______ him to come early since everything was ready.A.to ask B.to have asked

C.in asking D.being asking

19.______ her inexperience，she has done quite a good job.A.Provided B.Given C.Seen D.Suppose

20.The movie star ______ with your sister，didn't he？

A.was used to dance B.used to dancing

C.used to dance D.was used to dancing

21.Every means ______ since then.A.has been trying B.have been trying

C.have been tried D.has been tried

22.“I'd like to buy an expensive camera.”

“Well，we have several models for you ______.”

A.to be chosen from B.of choice

C.to choose from D.for choosing

23.The picture reminds me ______ the time we spent together in New York.A.of B.in C.for D.to

24.I owe you some money.Let me pay you ______ now.A.back B.for C.in D.to

25.Alone in a deserted house，he was so busy with his research work that he felt ______ lonely.A.nothing but B.anything but C.all but D.everything but

26.______，the new electronic device they designed is now in regular operation.A.With the solved problem B.With this problem being solved

C.With the problem solved D.With this problem to solve

27.We are looking forward to ______ to the lecture by the famous professor.A.send B.be sent C.being sent D.sending

28.I suddenly realized that he was trying to ______ quarrelling with me.A.consider B.enjoy C.avoid D.prevent

29.It was not a serious accident；our car needs only some ______ repairs.A.major B.secondary C.minor D.primary

30.We've ______ sugar.Ask Mrs.Jones to lend us some.A.run away with B.run down C.run off D.run out of

31.It is necessary that an efficient worker ______ his work on time.A.accomplishes B.can accomplish

C.accomplish D.has accomplished

32.Mother insisted that ______.A.they are to be back before nine in the evening

B.they ought to be back before nine in the evening

C.they be back before nine in the evening

D.they had to be back before nine in the evening

33.______ can be judged from her eyes，she has no personal hostility to us.47

A.It B.As C.Which D.That

34.The politician urged that all citizens______ to the polls on election day.A.had gone B.went C.must go D.go

35.No one doubts ______ he is the best leader in the company.A.whether B.if C.what D.that

36.Frankly speaking，I'd rather ______ you anything about it for the time being.A.didn't do B.haven't C.didn't D.have done

37.Henry looked ______ very much when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.A.discouraged B.embarrassed

C.disappointed D.bewildered

38.The Anti-Japanese War ______ in 1937 and it ______ eight years.A.was broken out；lasted B.broke out；lasted

C.broke；remained D.had been broken out；kept

39.Hardly had he finished his speech ______ the audience started cheering.A.then B.when C.than D.as

40.The child was ______ immediately after supper.A.so tired that he went to bed B.enough tired to go to be

C.too tired to go to bed D.very tired，he went to bed

41.I did not choose any of the three ways，because I found ______ satisfactory.A.neither of them B.either of them C.none of them D.none of it

42.How we ______ a chance to visit your great country！

A.looked for B.longed for C.waited for D.went for

43.Don't ______ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.A.reject B.prevent C.hesitate D.refuse

44.Children shouldn't leave their toys on the floor.They should ______.A.put out them B.put off them C.put them away D.put them off

45.The traveler brought back some ______of the rocks from the mountains.A.samples B.specimens C.selections D.examples Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure

16.「答案」B.despite：不管，不顧。而In spite of 才表示此義。

17.「答案」B.object to 是固定搭配，其中的to是介詞，后接動名詞。

18.「答案」C.“there is no sense in doing sth.”是固定句型，表示“不必做某事或做某事是沒道理的”。

19.「答案」B.動詞give 與主語she 是被動關(guān)系，所以用given.provided 是連詞，相當(dāng)于if。

20.「答案」C.本題考查used to do（過去常常做某事）和be used to doing sth.（習(xí)慣于做某事）的區(qū)別。

21.「答案」D.means（方式，方法）作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

22.「答案」C.不定式作賓補(bǔ)。句意是“我們有幾個型號供你挑選。”

23.「答案」A.Remind sb.of sth.提醒某人想起某事來。固定搭配。

24.「答案」A.pay back：換錢。pay for：付賬。

25.「答案」A.nothing but：只有。

26.「答案」C.考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。problem與solve是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。

27.「答案」C.look forward to doing sth.：盼望著做某事。to 是介詞，后接動名詞。

28.「答案」C.avoid doing sth.：避免做某事。備選項中只有avoid后接動名詞。

29.「答案」C.由前句not a serious 可知這里應(yīng)填minor（較小的）。

30.「答案」D.run out of：用光。run away with：逃掉；run down：往下跑；run off：離開。

31.「答案」C.在句型“It is necessary that?”中that 從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是should do。

32.「答案」C.insist表示“堅決要求”。其后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是should do。

33.「答案」B.as替代后面的句子she has no personal hostility to us。

34.「答案」D.urge（強(qiáng)烈要求）后的賓語從句中要用should do 表示虛擬語氣。

35.「答案」D.doubt用在否定句中其后的賓語從句要用that引導(dǎo)；用在肯定句中其后的賓語從句要用if或whether引導(dǎo)。

36.「答案」A.would rather 后的從句中用虛擬語氣。一般都是用一般過去式表示虛擬。

37.「答案」B.embarrassed：感到困窘的。discouraged：泄氣的；disappointed：失望的；bewildered：迷惑的。

38.「答案」B.break out：突然爆發(fā)。last：持續(xù)。

39.「答案」B.Hardly? when：一??就。

40.「答案」A.本句考查結(jié)果狀語從句中連詞的使用。全句意思是：這孩子太累了，以至于晚飯后不久就上床睡覺了。so?that：如此??以至于。

41.「答案」C.表示三者及三者以上的沒有一個用none.兩者當(dāng)中沒有一個用neither或nor.them 代替three ways。

42.「答案」B.long for：渴望。

43.「答案」C.Hesitate to do sth.：不愿做某事。

44.「答案」C.put away：收起來，存儲；put out：熄滅；put off：延期。

45.「答案」B.specimen：標(biāo)本，樣品。sample：試用品。Part III Identification(10%)

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D.Identify the one that is not correct.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.46.If you take a ten-or fifteen-minutes vacation into the realm of imagination each day，A

B

C

you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life.D

47.Susan, together with her husband and two sons, are to arrive on the evening flight.A

B

C

D

48.Only in this way we can win the match.A

B

C

D

49.Scientists and economists believe that human being can never use away all the mineral resources on Earth.A

B

C

第二篇：成人英語三級

體驗式英語教育先鋒美聯(lián)英語

標(biāo)題：成人英語三級 關(guān)鍵詞：成人英語三級

導(dǎo)讀：成人英語三級雖然沒有大學(xué)英語四六級考試以及托福雅思等為人所熟知，但是這一考試的參加者對于成人英語三級的重視程度還是比較高的。很多人并不清楚成人英語三級考試的相關(guān)信息，所以影響了考試，下面就為大家介紹一下。

成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試 北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試是成人高等教育本科（非外證書樣本語專業(yè)）學(xué)生獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的必要條件之一。1991年北京市實施北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試，為使這一考試更加規(guī)范，也使廣大考生能夠熟悉英語三級考試的內(nèi)容、題型、難度及記分辦法，特制定本大綱。

成人英語三級統(tǒng)一考試的目的是為了檢測本地區(qū)成人教育系列中非外語專業(yè)的英語教學(xué)水平，保證成人本科畢業(yè)生學(xué)士學(xué)位的授予質(zhì)量。成人英語教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力，一定的英漢互譯能力和初步的聽力能力，使他們能以英語為工具，獲取專業(yè)所需要的信息，并為進(jìn)一步提高英語水平打下較好的基礎(chǔ)。為此，本考試主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言的能力，重點是考核學(xué)生的閱讀能力以及對語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語用法的熟練程度。成人英語三級是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，由于尚不具備口試條件，目前暫只進(jìn)行筆試?？荚嚪秶饕獏⒄杖罩莆睦砜票究朴⒄Z教學(xué)大綱所規(guī)定的一至三級除說的技能以外的大部分內(nèi)容。在題型設(shè)計上，除英漢互譯部分是主觀性試題外，其余試題均采用客觀性的多項選擇題形式。待將來條件成熟時，再酌情增加聽力及短文寫作的內(nèi)容。

為在哪個學(xué)校讀本科、申請學(xué)士學(xué)位，就在哪個學(xué)校報名參加英語統(tǒng)一考試。目前成人英語三級沒有全國統(tǒng)考，只是北京地區(qū)包括北京院校的遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)員、所有中央電大的學(xué)員。成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生外語統(tǒng)一考試費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為每人 35 元（包含證書工本費）。本考試每年舉行兩次，分別在 4月和11月，考試時間為：9：00--11：00。

成人英語三級報考條件：在校成人本科生（專升本和高中升本科生）；已畢業(yè)學(xué)生在校期間未通過該考試的，畢業(yè)后一年內(nèi)可以報名參加考試；網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育（遠(yuǎn)程教育）和成人教育（繼續(xù)教育）、電大部分專業(yè)的學(xué)員在教學(xué)中心（或?qū)W習(xí)中體驗式英語教育先鋒美聯(lián)英語

心、函受站、教學(xué)班或申請學(xué)士學(xué)位學(xué)校）聯(lián)系報名和考試；此外，不設(shè)考點的校外學(xué)習(xí)中心的考生，須在北京參加考試；除在校成人本科生以外，畢業(yè)不滿一年的成考生也可參加考試。更多學(xué)習(xí)資料請見美聯(lián)英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)。

第三篇：成人英語三級歷年考試常用短語集錦

成人英語三級歷年考試常用短語集錦

1.go by v.(從...旁)走過, 依照, 順便走訪

2.go on v.繼續(xù)下去, 過去, 發(fā)生, 依靠, 接近, 進(jìn)行, 依據(jù)

3.go over v.(渡過...)轉(zhuǎn)變,(對...進(jìn)行)仔細(xì)檢查, 潤色, 復(fù)習(xí)

4.go after v.追逐, 追求

5.As if

好象...似的 仿佛...一樣

6.even if

conj.即使

7.suppose that

假如

8.put on v.穿上, 把...放在上, 裝出, 假裝, 增加, 欺騙, 添上, 使靠...維持生命

9.put off v.推遲, 拖延, 搪塞, 使分心, 使厭惡, 扔掉, 脫掉, 勸阻

10.put up v.舉起, 抬起, 進(jìn)行, 提供, 表現(xiàn)出, 建造, 提名, 推舉

11.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推舉出

12.hence

adv.因此, 從此

13.otherwise

adv.另外, 否則, 不同地, 別的方式

adj.另外的, 其他方面的

14.nevertheless conj.然而, 不過

adv.仍然, 不過

15.therefore adv.因此, 所以

16.see to v.負(fù)責(zé), 注意

17.look at v.看, 考慮, 著眼于

18.ask for v.請求, 尋找

19.look for v.尋找, 期待

20..think about v.考慮, 回想

21.in spite of adv.不管

22.besides adv.此外

prep.除...之外

23.break away v.突然離開, 脫離, 放棄,(運(yùn)動中)反攻為守

24.break up v.打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 結(jié)束, 衰落, 分解, 變壞, 驅(qū)散

25.break down v.毀掉, 制服, 壓倒, 停頓, 倒塌, 中止, 垮掉, 分解

26.break of v.放棄

27.break out v.突發(fā), 爆發(fā), 叫嚷, 使作準(zhǔn)備, 取出, 倒空, <口>把...備好待用

28.in favor of adv.贊同, 有利于

29.by favor of

敬煩...便交, 請面交(信封上用語)

30.in favor with

得...寵愛, 受...鼓勵

31.out of favor with adv.失寵于

32.turn in v.拐入, 上床睡覺, 上繳, 出賣, 把...向內(nèi)折, 告發(fā), 作出, 取得

33.turn out v.打掃, 驅(qū)逐, 使外傾, 生產(chǎn), 起床, 翻出, 制造, 關(guān)掉

34.show off v.炫耀, 賣弄, 使顯眼

35.show up v.揭露, 露出, 露面

36.take up v.拿起, 開始從事, 繼續(xù), 吸收, 責(zé)備, 拘留, 占據(jù), 認(rèn)購

37.take on v.披上, 呈現(xiàn), 具有, 雇用, 承擔(dān), 盛氣凌人, 接納, 流行

38.take out v.拿出, 取出, 去掉, 出發(fā), 取得, 扣除, 抵充, 發(fā)泄

39.tidy up v.整理, 收拾

40.in spite of adv.不管

41.in honor of

向...表示敬意, 為祝賀...42.in favor of adv.贊同, 有利于

43.in the name of adv.以...的名義, 憑

44.break in v.訓(xùn)練, 使合用, 闖入, 打斷, 開始工作

45.break down v.毀掉, 制服, 壓倒, 停頓, 倒塌, 中止, 垮掉, 分解

46.break out v.突發(fā), 爆發(fā), 叫嚷, 使作準(zhǔn)備, 取出, 倒空, <口>把...備好待用

47.break away v.突然離開, 脫離, 放棄,(運(yùn)動中)反攻為守

48.call for v.要求, 提倡, 為...叫喊, 為...叫

49.call on v.號召, 呼吁, 邀請, 訪問, 指派, 要(學(xué)生)回答問題

50.call off v.叫走, 放棄, 使轉(zhuǎn)移走, 依次叫名

51.call in v.召集, 召來, 來訪

52.call upon

號召, 拜訪

53.call up v.召喚, 使想起, 提出, 打電話給

54.call down v.祈求到, 招致, 責(zé)罵

55.in return adv.作為報答

56.in turn adv.依次, 輪流

57.in advance adv.預(yù)先

58.in vain adv.徒然 59.take place v.發(fā)生

60.take the place of v.代替

61.in place of adv.代替

62.work on v.繼續(xù)工作, 設(shè)法說服, 影響

63.in addition adv.另外

64.in addition to adv.除...之外

65.make up v.彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu), 縫制, 整理, 包裝, 和解, 編輯, 化妝，補(bǔ)足,拼湊

66.make for v.(尤指匆匆地)走向, 有利于, 傾向于, 導(dǎo)致

67.make out v.書寫, 填寫, 拼湊, 進(jìn)展, 說明, 設(shè)法應(yīng)付, 理解, 辨認(rèn)出

68.make up of構(gòu)成, 組成

69.let down v.放下, 使失望, 辜負(fù), 松勁, 減速下降

70.let out v.放掉, 泄露, 放大, 出租

71.let in v.放進(jìn), 允許...進(jìn)入, 嵌入

72.let by讓人過去, 給...讓路

73.make for v.(尤指匆匆地)走向, 有利于, 傾向于, 導(dǎo)致

74.make over v.(尤指以法律形式)轉(zhuǎn)讓,(所有權(quán))移交, 改造

75.make out v.書寫, 填寫, 拼湊, 進(jìn)展, 說明, 設(shè)法應(yīng)付, 理解, 辨認(rèn)出

76.make sure v

確定

確信,證實

77.in case conj.萬一

78.in case of adv.假設(shè), 萬一

79.in order to為了...80.in order adv.整齊, 狀況良好, 適宜

81.for fear of為了避免, 害怕

82.as a whole adv.總體上

83.as a rule adv.通常

84.on the average平均, 按平均數(shù)計算 一般地說

85.by all means adv.盡一切辦法, 一定

86.and yet adv.可是

87.for all that adv.雖然如此

88.for all adv.盡管

89.at ease安逸,自由自在

90.with ease熟練地, 輕而易舉地

91.with effect有效

92.some time在未來的某時, 經(jīng)過若干時間

93.sometime adv.在某一時候, 曾經(jīng), 有一天

94.sometimes adv.不時, 有時

95.in that由于, 因為 既然

96.except that n.除了...之外, 只可惜

97.take place v.發(fā)生

98.as a whole adv.總體上

99.as a rule adv.通常

100.on the average平均, 按平均數(shù)計算 一般地說

101.by all means adv.盡一切辦法, 一定

102.make for v.(尤指匆匆地)走向, 有利于, 傾向于, 導(dǎo)致，向前進(jìn),有助于

103.make over v.(尤指以法律形式)轉(zhuǎn)讓,(所有權(quán))移交, 改造，修改,移轉(zhuǎn)

104.make sure v.確定，確信,證實

105.make out v.書寫, 填寫, 拼湊, 進(jìn)展, 說明, 設(shè)法應(yīng)付, 理解, 辨認(rèn)出

106.in case of adv.假設(shè), 萬一

第四篇：成人英語——成人英語三級高頻詞匯匯總

成人英語——成人英語三級高頻詞匯匯總

1.abide by（=be faithful to ； obey）忠于；遵守。

2.be absent from…。缺席，不在

3.absence or mind（=being absent-minded）心不在焉

4.absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被動語態(tài)）be absorbed i n 全神貫注于…近be engrossed in ； be lost in ； be rapt in ；be concentrated on ； be focused on ； be centered on

5.（be）abundant in（be rich in； be well supplied with）富于，富有

6.access（to）（不可數(shù)名詞）能接近，進(jìn)入，了解

7.by accident（=by chance，accidentally）偶然地，意外。Without accident（=safely）安全地，8.of one's own accord（=without being asked； willingly； freely）自愿地，主 動地

9.in accord with 與…一致.out of one's accord with 同…。不一致

10.with one accord（=with everybody agreeing）一致地

11.in accordance with（=in agreement with）依照，根據(jù)

12.on one's own account 1）為了某人的緣故，為了某人自己的利益 2）（=at one's own risk）自行負(fù)責(zé) 3）（=by oneself）依靠自己 on account 賒賬； on account of 因為； on no account不論什么原因也不；of …account 有………重要性。

13.take…into account（=consider）把……考慮進(jìn)去

14.give sb.an account of 說明，解釋（理由）

15.account for（=give an explanation or reason for）解釋，說明。

16.on account of（=because of）由于，因為。

17.on no account（=in no case，for no reason）絕不要，無論如何不要（放句首時句 子要倒裝）

18.accuse…of…（=charge…with； blame sb.for sth.； blame sth.on sb.； complain about）指控，控告

19.be accustomed to（=be in the habit of，be used to）習(xí)慣于。

20.be acquainted with（=to have knowledge of）了解；（=to have met socially）熟悉

21.act on 奉行，按照…行動； act as 扮演； act for 代理

22.adapt oneself to（=adjust oneself to）使自己適應(yīng)于

23.adapt…（for）（=make sth.Suitable for a new need）改編，改寫（以適應(yīng)新的需要）

24.in addition（=besides）此外，又，加之

25.in addition to（=as well as，besides，other than）除…外

26.adhere to（=abide by，conform to，comply with，cling to，insist on，pe rsist in，observe，opinion，belief）粘附； 堅持，遵循

27.adjacent（=next to，close to）毗鄰的，臨近的 28.adjust……（to）（=change slightly）調(diào)節(jié)； 適應(yīng)；

29.admit of（=be capable of，leave room for）…的可能，留有…的余地。

30.in advance（before in time）預(yù)告，事先。

31.to advantage 有利的，使優(yōu)點更加突出地。

32.have an advantage over 勝過。have the advantage of 由于…處于有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33.take advantage of（=make the best of，utilize，make use of，profit from，harness）利用。

34.agree with 贊同（某人意見）agree to 同意

35.in agreement（with）同意，一致

36.ahead of 在…之前，超過…；……………。ahead of time 提前。

37.in the air 1）不肯定，不具體。2）在謠傳中。

38.above all（=especially，most important of all）尤其是，最重要的。

39.in all（=counting everyone or everything，altogether）總共，總計

40.after all 畢竟，到底；（not）at all 一點也不； all at once（=suddenly）突然； once and for all 只此一次； above all 最重要的； first of all 首先； all in all 大體上說； be all in 累極了； all but 幾乎。

41.allow for（=take into consideration，take into account）考慮到，估計到.42.amount to（=to be equal to）總計，等于。

43.answer for（undertake responsibility for，be liable for，take charge for）對…負(fù)責(zé)。

44.answer to（=conform to）適合，符合。

45.be anxious about 為…焦急不安； 或anxious for

46.apologize to sb.for sth.為…向…道歉

47.appeal to sb.for sth.為某事向某人呼吁。appeal to sb.對某人有吸引力

48.apply to sb.for sth.為…向…申請 ； apply for申請； apply to 適用。

49.apply to 與…有關(guān)；適用

50.approve of（=consent to，be in favor of，favor，agree to，consider good，right）贊成，approve vt.批準(zhǔn)

51.arise from（=be caused by）由…引起。

52.arrange for sb.sth.to do sth.安排…做…

53.arrive on 到達(dá)； arrive at 到達(dá)某地（小地方）；得出，作出； arrive in 到達(dá)某地（大地方）；

54.be ashamed of（=feel shame，guilt or sorrow because of sth.done）以… 為羞恥

55.assure sb.of sth.（=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.）向…保證，使…確信。

56.attach（to）（=to fix，fasten； join）縛，系，結(jié)

57.make an attempt at doing sth.（to do sth.）試圖做…

58.attend to（=give one's attention，care and thought）注意，照顧；attend on（upon）（=wait upon，serve，look after）侍候，照料

59.attitude to toward …對…的態(tài)度?？捶?/p>

60.attribute…to…（=to believe sth.to be the result of…）把……歸因于……，認(rèn)為……是……的結(jié)果

61.on the average（=on average，on an average）平均

62.（be）aware of（=be conscious of，having knowledge or consciousness）意識到，知道。

63.at the back of（=behind）在…后面

64.in the back of 在…后部（里面）； on the back of 在…后部（外面）； be on one's back（=be ill in bed）臥病不起。

65.at one's back（=supporting or favoring sb.）支持，維護(hù)； have sb.at one 's back 有…支持，有…作后臺

66.turn one's back on sb.（=turn away from sb.in an impolite way）不理睬（某人），背棄，拋棄

67.behind one's back 背著某人（說壞話）

68.be based on upon 基于

69.on the basis of 根據(jù)…，在…基礎(chǔ)上

70.beat…at 在…運(yùn)動項目上打贏

71.begin with 以…開始。to begin with（=first of all）首先，第一（經(jīng)常用于開始語）

72.on behalf of（=as the representative of）以…名義

73.believe in（=have faith or trust in； consider sth.sb.to be true）相信，依賴，信仰。

74.benefit（from）受益，得到好處。

75.for the benefit of 為了…的利益（好處）

76.for the better 好轉(zhuǎn)

77.get the better of（=defeat sb.）打敗，勝過。

78.by birth 在出生上，論出身，按血統(tǒng) at birth 在出生時； give birth to 出生

79.blame sb.for sth.因…責(zé)備某人.blame sth.on sb.把…推在某人身上

80.in blossom開花（指樹木）be in blossom開花（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）come into blossom開花（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作）

81.on board 到船上，在船上，上火車或飛機(jī)

82.boast of（or about）吹噓

83.out of breath 喘不過氣來

84.in brief（=in as few words as possible）簡言之

85.in bulk 成批地，不散裝的 86.take the floor 起立發(fā)言

87.on business 出差辦事。

88.be busy with sth.于某事.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

89.last but one 倒數(shù)第二。

90.but for（=without）要不是。表示假設(shè)

91.buy sth.for…money 用多少錢買

92.be capable of 能夠，有能力 be capable of being +過去分詞是能夠被…的 93.in any case（=for love or money，at any rate，at any price，at any cost，whatever

happens； anyhow）無論如何

94.in case（=for fear that）萬一；

95.in case of（=in the event of）如果發(fā)生…萬一 in the case of 至于…，就…而言

96.in no case在任何情況下都不（放句首倒裝句）

97.be cautious of 謹(jǐn)防

98.center one's attention on（=focus one's attention on）把某人的注意力集中在…上

99.be certain of（=be sure of）有把握，一定。

100.for certain of（=for sure）肯定地，有把握地 101.by chance（=accidentally，by accident）偶然

102.for a change換換環(huán)境（花樣等）

103.charge sb.with …控告某人犯有…

104.in charge of（=responsible for）負(fù)責(zé)（某事）in the charge of …由…管

105.take charge of（=to be or become responsible for）負(fù)責(zé)管理（照顧）

106.charge…for 因…索取（費用），charge sb.with sth.控告某人犯有…

107.round the clock（=all day and all night，usually without stopping）晝夜不停地

108.comment on 評論

109.commit oneself to 使自己承擔(dān)… commit sb.to prison把某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄； commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法寫下來； commit a matter to a committee 把某事交給委員會討論

110.in common（和…）有共同之處，共用。be common to sb.是與某人所共有的 111.keep company with（=be friendly and go out together）和…要好。

112.compare…with … 把…與…比較

113.compare…to… 把…比作…

114.by comparison 比較起來

115.in comparison with（=in contrast to）和…比起來

116.compensate for（=give sth.to make up for）補(bǔ)償，賠償，彌補(bǔ) compensate sb.for sth.賠償，彌補(bǔ)

117.complain of（or about）抱怨；訴苦；控告；complain about 抱怨某人或事情； complain to sb.about sth.（or sb.）向某人抱怨…； complain（抱怨）； complement（補(bǔ)充）； compliment（恭維）

118.comply with（=act in accordance with a demand，order，rule etc.）遵守，依從

119.conceive of（think of，imagine，consider）想象，設(shè)想

120.concentrate on（or upon）集中，專心

121.be concerned with（=about）與…有關(guān)

122.concern oneself about with 關(guān)心

123.in conclusion（=as the last thing）最后一點； at the conclusion of 當(dāng)…結(jié)束時；

124.condemn sb.to 判決

125.on condition that（=if）以…為條件，假如。in that = because因為； now that = since既然 for all that = although 盡管

126.in out of condition（=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit）健康狀況好不好.in good（bad）condition處于良好（壞）狀態(tài)

127.confess（to）（=admit a fault，crime，or sth.wrong）承認(rèn)，供認(rèn)； confess to a crime 承認(rèn)罪行。

128.confide in（=to talk freely to sb.about one's secret）對…講真心話，依賴

129.in confidence 推心置腹地； with confidence 滿懷信心地； have confidence in 對…有信心

130.confidence in sb.sth.對…的信賴

131.be confident of 有信心； confidential 機(jī)密的 132.confine…to… 把…限制在某范圍內(nèi)

133.confirm sb.in 使某人更堅定（信念等）

134.conform to（=be in agreement with，comply with）符合，遵照，遵守；1）obey 服從； 2）observe； 3）comply with照…辦； 4）keep to遵循； 5）abide by服從；6）stick to按……做

135.be confronted with（=be brought face to face with）面對，面臨

136.congratulate sb.on 祝賀

137.in connection with（=with regard to）關(guān)于，138.be conscious of（=be aware of）覺察，知道

139.consent to（=give agreement to permission）同意

140.in consequence（=as a result）結(jié)果

141.in consequence of（=as a consequence of）由于…的結(jié)果

142.under consideration 在考慮中

143.in consideration of（=in return for，on account of，because of）由于

144.on no consideration（in no case）無論如何也不

145.take…into consideration（=take account of，take…into account）考慮到，把 …考慮進(jìn)去

146.considerate（=thoughtful of the needs）體貼的，考慮他人需要的，considerable相當(dāng)大的，值得考慮的

147.consist of（=be composed of）由…組成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合，與…一致

148.be consistent with（=be in agreement with）與…一致。be consistent in一貫的，149.consult sb.on about sth.向…征求…方面的意見，就…向…請教

150.to one's heart's content盡情地，痛痛快快

151.be content with（=be satisfied with）滿足于be content to do sth.愿意做某事152.contrary to（=in opposition to）與…相反

153.on the contrary 相反

154.contrast…with 把…與…相對（對照）

155.in contrast towith 和…形成對比 by contrast 對比之下

156.contribute to 有助于

157.under control（被）控制住 out of control無法控制

158.at one's convenience（=where and when it suits one）在方便的時間或地點.be convenient to for 對…方便

159.convince sb.of（=cause sb.to believe or feel certain； to persuade sb.）使某人確信，try to persuade sb.to do sth.勸說某人做…

160.cope with（=deal with，try to find a solution to）應(yīng)付，處理

161.in the corner（of）在角落里；on（at）the comer of a street在街道拐彎處；round the comer拐過彎； be in a tight corner陷入困境

162.correspond（with）（=exchange letters regularly）通信

163.correspond to 相當(dāng)于.correspond with 符合，一致

164.at all costs不惜任何代價.at the cost of 以…為代價

165.a matter of course 理所當(dāng)然的事

166.as a matter of course 當(dāng)然地，自然地

167.in（during）the course 在…過程中

168.in due course（=without too much delay）沒經(jīng)過太久，到一定時候

169.on credit賒購； with credit以優(yōu)異成績； to one's credit使某人感到光榮； do sb.credit 使…感到光榮

170.be critical of 愛挑毛病的，批評的 171.cure sb.of+某種疾病 治好某人的疾病

172.a danger to對…的危險； be in danger（of）處于…危險中； be out of danger脫離危險

173.to date（=so far，until now）到目前為止

174.out of date過時的；up to date新式的，時興的； date back to可追溯到； date from從某時期開始（有）

175.deal with（=concern）論及

176.be in debt to sb.欠…的債

177.on the decline 在衰退中，在減少中 in decline 下降； on the increase 在增加

178.to one's delight 令某人感到高興 to one's regret 遺憾； sorrow悲痛； relief 安心； distress 苦惱； shame羞愧； surprise 驚奇； astonishment 驚奇；

179.delight in（=take great pleasure in doing sth.）喜歡，取樂

180.take（a）delight in 喜歡干…，以…為樂

181.demand sth.of sb.向某人要求（非物質(zhì)的）東西。demand sth.from sb.向某人要求（物質(zhì)的）東西

182.in demand有需求；on demand受到要求時

183.be dependent on 依靠

184.deprive sb.of sth.剝奪某人某物

185.derive…from（=obtain…from）從…取得，由…來的。derive from（=come from）起源于

186.despair of（=lose all hope of）絕望＊考試大

187.in despair 絕望

188.despite（=in spite of）不管，盡管

189.in detail 詳細(xì)地

190.deviate from 偏離，不按…辦

191.on a diet 吃某種特殊飲食，節(jié)食

192.differ from…in 與…的區(qū)別在于…

193.in difficulties…有困難，處境困難，194.discharge sb.（from）…for（=dismiss sb.from a job for）因…解雇，開除

195.fall back（=retreat，turn back）撤退； in disorder 慌亂地，狼狽不堪

196.on display（=being shown publicly）陳列

197.dispose of（=get rid of，throw away）處理掉

198.beyond dispute不容爭議的，無可爭議

199.in dispute 在爭議中

200.in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處。make out 辯認(rèn)出

201.（be）distinct from（= be different from）與…截然不同

202.distinguish between（=make or recognize differences）辨別

203.distinguish…from 把…與…區(qū)別開

204.do away with（=get rid of； abolish； discard eliminate）除去，廢除，取消； do away with（=kill）殺掉，鎮(zhèn)壓

205.have…to do with 與…有關(guān)系

206.without doubt（=undoubtedly）無可置疑地

207.in doubt（=in a condition of uncertainty）對…表示疑惑

208.be due to 是由于

209.come off duty 下班

210.go on duty 上班

211.be on duty 值班，值日，在上班時

212.be in duty bound to（do）（=be required by one's job or esp.by conscience）有義務(wù)（做）

213.be eager for 想得到，盼望

214.by ear（=play music from memory without having seen it printed）憑記憶，不看樂譜

215.have an ear for（=have keen recognition of sounds esp.in music and language）對……

有鑒賞力

216.a word in one's ear 私房話，秘密話

217.on earth 究竟，到底，全然

218.with ease（= easily）容易，不費力

219.at（one's）ease（= without worry or nervousness）自在，不拘束

220.put sb.at his her ease（=free sb.from worry or nervousness）使某人感到無拘束

221.economize on（=save sth.instead of being wasteful）節(jié)省

222.have an effect on 對…有影響

223.be in effect（=be in operation）有效

224.go into effect 生效。（近come into effect； take effect； be brought into effect）

225.in effect（=in fact，really）實際上

226.give effect to（=carry out）實行，使…生效

227.to no effect 不起作用，沒有取得任何效果

228.（be）of no effect（=useless）無效

229.to the effect that 大意是…，主要內(nèi)容是…

230.to that effect 是那個意思的…

231.emerge from（=appear，become known）出現(xiàn)，暴露（問題。意見等）

232.place（or put，lay）an emphasis on 強(qiáng)調(diào)，把重點放在…上

233.encourage sb.in 鼓勵； encourage sb.in hisher work 鼓勵某人工作； encourage sb.in hisher idleness 慫恿某人游手好閑

234.encourage sb.in …with sth.用…鼓勵某人做某事

235.on end（=continuously）連續(xù)地

236.（be）at an end（=finished）結(jié)束了

237.no end of（=very manymuch）很多，大量

238.in the end（=finally，eventually）最終

239.at one's wit's end（=not knowing what to do or to say）無法可想，智窮計盡

240.end up with 以…而結(jié)束

241.come to and end（=finish）結(jié)束

242.end in 以…為結(jié)束

243.engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于，從事

244.enter for（=put the name on a list for）報名參加

245.enter into（=begin）開始（談話，談判等）

246.enter on upon（=begin）開始（一個時代。一種生涯。一段任期等）

247.be entitled to（=be given the right to do sth.）有權(quán)…，有資格…

248.be equal to 等于

249.be feel equal to（=have enough strength，ability etc.）（某人）能勝任，能應(yīng)付 on equal terms（=on and equal footing）平等地

250.be equipped with 裝備有，裝有

251.（be）equivalent to（=equal in value，amount，meaning）相等于，相當(dāng)于

252.in essence（=in itsone's nature）本質(zhì)上

253.at all events（=in spite of everything，in any case）不論怎樣，無論如何

254.in any event（=whatever happens in the future）無論如何，不管（將來）怎么樣

255.in the event that（=if）假如，如果。in the event 結(jié)果，實際情況是（常與but 連用）

256.in the event of（=in case of）萬一，即使發(fā)生……時

257.except 除…以外； besides 除…以外還有……

258.except（=but）除了。

259.except for（=apart from）除…以外

260.（an）exception to …的例外

261.with the exception of（=except，apart from）除去…。，除…以外

262.in excess of（=more than）超過

263.exchange…for 以…交換

264.exclusive of（=not taking into account； without）不包括

265.in excuse of 作為…的借口

266.exert…on… 對…施加…

267.exert oneself to do sth.努力，使勁

268.come into existence（=begin to exist）開始存在； come into use開始使用； come into effect開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)； come into fashion開始時新； come into action開始行動； come into power開始執(zhí)政； come into sight進(jìn)入視野；come into blossom開花；

269.（be）in existence存在 come into existence 出現(xiàn)

270.expect…of 在…期望…

271.at the expense of在損害…情況下，以…為犧牲

272.expose…to…使暴露于…，使…受（危險，風(fēng)險）

273.be exposed to… 面臨…，受到…。

274.beyond expression（=in a manner that cannot be expressed）無法形容，說不出的

275.give expression to 表達(dá)，表現(xiàn) find expression in 表現(xiàn)

276.to …extent 在…程度上

277.in the extreme（= extremely）極其

278.look sb.in the eye 正視，打量（某人）

279.close（shut）one's eyes to不理會，視而不見

280.in one's mind's eye 在心目中，在想象中

281.in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼，轉(zhuǎn)眼間

282.keep an eye on（=keep a watch on）照看，監(jiān)視

283.in the eyes of in one's eyes（= in the judgment of）在某人看來，在某人眼里

284.on the face of it（=judging by what one can see）表面看來

285.in the face of 面對著（困難等情況）

286.in one's face當(dāng)著某人的面； face to faced面對面； face up to 大膽面向

287.fail in（=be unsuccessful in）失敗

288.in good faith（=honestly，sincerely）真誠地

289.keep faith with 對…守信用

290.lose faith in 對…失去信心

291.on faith 毫無懷疑地，依賴地

292.faithful to（=loyal to）對…忠誠

293.fall into the habit（of）養(yǎng)成…習(xí)慣

294.fall short of（=fail to reach a desired result，standard，etc.）沒達(dá)到，低于

295.familiar with 熟悉，了解

296.have a fancy for（=like sth.without the help of reason）（沒有道理地）喜歡，想要

297.take a fancy to（=become fond of）喜歡

298.by far 遠(yuǎn)，非常（與比較級或最高級連用）

299.far from 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是

300.far from 非但不…（而且）

第五篇：成人英語三級經(jīng)驗交流

成人英語三級經(jīng)驗交流：會漢語就能學(xué)會英語

來源：成人三級英語考試網(wǎng) 2010-07-24 23:46 點擊：73

用逆向法學(xué)習(xí)快兩年了，感受真是太多了。千言萬語匯成一句：It is terrific.It really works.I believe it.It can lead me to touch down.用逆向法學(xué)習(xí)，我最大的收獲是重新認(rèn)識了學(xué)習(xí)英語，學(xué)習(xí)英語是一種永不停歇的大腦英語思維的自我訓(xùn)練活動。我們中國人能說漢語是經(jīng)過了多少年不 自覺地、不停歇地訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果。學(xué)習(xí)英語也是一樣。有的人說“英語難學(xué)，我不是學(xué)英語的料”。我覺得有這樣認(rèn)識的人并不是腦子笨，而是沒有下決心學(xué)英語，沒 有持之以恒的學(xué)習(xí)毅力。我認(rèn)為，會說漢語，就能學(xué)會英語，關(guān)鍵是要下功夫長期堅持不懈地自我訓(xùn)練。

在我看來，逆向法的“聽、寫、說、背、想”五法并舉實際上就是我們從小學(xué)習(xí)漢語的過程。不過建立漢語的過程是不自覺的、被動的，而現(xiàn)在建立英語 的過程應(yīng)該是主動的、自覺的。這里所說的主動和自覺是指要認(rèn)識英語的重要性，學(xué)習(xí)過程中要自覺創(chuàng)造條件，自覺按照規(guī)律進(jìn)行自我訓(xùn)練，積極主動地調(diào)動各個感官和思維器官去接受英語的刺 激。從這個意義上講，學(xué)習(xí)英語的人都應(yīng)該把自己看成是一個小學(xué)生，一個詞一個詞，一句話一句話地學(xué)。我參加CET-6考試的經(jīng)歷就充分說明這一點。我從小 學(xué)三年級開始學(xué)英語，基礎(chǔ)不錯，大學(xué)二年級時以77分成績通過了CET-4考試，被認(rèn)為是班里英語水平比較高的，其實學(xué)得并不很扎實。本科畢業(yè)前參加過五 次CET-6考試，第一次成績在58.5分，最后一次為48 分。1990年后按逆向法要求聽寫special English，剛開始時只能聽懂播音員較長停頓后念的第一個詞，后面的全是一鍋粥，聽不懂。所以我深深地感到，英語學(xué)習(xí)是一個長期的過程，來不得半點急 躁。而且必須放下架子，像小孩子學(xué)說話那樣，一個詞一個詞地聽寫，來不得半點自以為是。英語基礎(chǔ)比較好的人，經(jīng)過兩個月左右即可入門。五個月左右就可以順 利地聽懂special English。由于我扎扎實實地通過聽寫Special English 打牢了基礎(chǔ)，在隨后的CET-6考試中得了90.5分(編者注：全校第一名)。

有人認(rèn)為聽寫special English是英語水平不高的表現(xiàn)，非要在聽不懂Special English的情 況下去聽難度更大的Standard English。這種虛榮心不會帶來真正好效果。其實Special En glish 是很好的教材，它用最常用的詞匯和簡明的語法，把各種事物描述得很好，是非常值 得學(xué)習(xí)的。能像聽漢語廣播一樣地聽Special English以后再去聽Standard English廣播，才會比較容易入門。按照逆向法學(xué)習(xí)，收獲很大，其樂無窮。