第一篇：北京地區(qū)成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試翻譯部分解題策略

北京地區(qū)成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試翻譯部分解題策略

知金教育成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)教研專家組

一、大綱要求

翻譯部分是2003年11月新增加的題型，共10題，考試時(shí)間30分鐘。翻譯試題由兩部分組成。第一部分為英譯漢，要求考生把前面閱讀理解文章中劃線的五個(gè)句子譯成中文。第二部分為漢譯英，要求考生把五個(gè)難度適中的中文句子譯成英文。英譯漢和漢譯英的句子難度均低于課文的英語(yǔ)文章。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求譯文達(dá)意，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

翻譯部分的目的主要是測(cè)試學(xué)生詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型等方面綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。

二、英譯漢

翻譯的概念：

翻譯可分為廣義和狹義兩個(gè)方面。廣義的翻譯指語(yǔ)言與語(yǔ)言，語(yǔ)言變體與語(yǔ)言變體，語(yǔ)言與非語(yǔ)言等的代碼轉(zhuǎn)換和基本信息的傳達(dá)。這個(gè)概念的外延式相當(dāng)寬泛的，它包括不同語(yǔ)言間的翻譯（如英漢互譯），語(yǔ)言變體間的翻譯（如古今語(yǔ)言，不同方言間互譯），語(yǔ)言與其他交際符號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)換（如把一條交通規(guī)則畫成一個(gè)交通標(biāo)志）等。狹義的翻譯是一種語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)，是把一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的內(nèi)容忠實(shí)地用另外一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)。這個(gè)定義強(qiáng)調(diào)“翻譯是一種語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)”，確定了狹義的翻譯的性質(zhì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一種語(yǔ)言到另外一種語(yǔ)言”，排除了同一語(yǔ)言間各變體的互譯；強(qiáng)調(diào)“忠實(shí)的”表達(dá)。

翻譯的方法：

直譯：簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)講，直譯是指譯文中采用原作的表達(dá)法，句子結(jié)構(gòu)與原句較為相似，但也不排除在具體層次上的進(jìn)行某些調(diào)整。

意譯：意譯是指譯文中舍棄原文的表達(dá)方法，另覓同義等效的表達(dá)法，或指對(duì)原作的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行較大的變化和調(diào)整。這個(gè)時(shí)候譯者往往是需要改變形式才能忠實(shí)的再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容，所以會(huì)采用意譯的方法。

直譯和意譯的優(yōu)劣不能簡(jiǎn)單而論，而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況，視其能否忠實(shí)表達(dá)愿意，能否與原文保持同等效果而作判斷。

英譯漢基本步驟及技巧

英譯漢相對(duì)于漢譯英要簡(jiǎn)單一些，考生只要理解了句子的含義，就不難把英語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。但是要做到譯文達(dá)意，仍需要注意一些問(wèn)題。從2003年和2004年的考題來(lái)看，英譯漢的句子偏長(zhǎng)，通常都包含從句或特殊句型，要把這些句子翻得語(yǔ)意準(zhǔn)確，通順流暢，筆者認(rèn)為，考生要按照下面的幾個(gè)步驟來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯。

第一步：略讀全文，通曉大意。為什么要略讀呢？第一，我們沒(méi)有太多的時(shí)間在考場(chǎng)上精讀文章，但有些同學(xué)說(shuō)那可不可以不讀，直接翻譯劃線部分？這是不可取的，因?yàn)閯澗€部分的翻譯需要了解相關(guān)的上下文背景，還需要搞清楚一些代詞的指代關(guān)系。所以要略讀。在略讀的時(shí)候要將文章的大致意思搞清楚，知道文章大致的邏輯是怎樣的，是如何行文和組織結(jié)構(gòu)的等等重要的相關(guān)信息，特別要弄清代詞it, they, them, this, that, these, those和other等所指代的詞或詞組。

第二步：分析句子，劃分結(jié)構(gòu)。要搞清楚劃線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分清是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，那個(gè)是主句，那個(gè)是從句，有哪些從句，從句之間的關(guān)系是什么，有哪些修飾語(yǔ)，有哪些插入語(yǔ)等等，搞清楚這些問(wèn)題，再著手進(jìn)行第三步。

第三步：選擇詞義，仔細(xì)推敲。對(duì)于劃線部分的一些重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)單詞和詞組進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，搞清楚其在文中的恰當(dāng)含義是什么，比如代詞的指代對(duì)象是誰(shuí)，一定要仔細(xì)推敲。

第四步：適當(dāng)調(diào)整，整理成文。在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和推敲詞義的基礎(chǔ)上，將其轉(zhuǎn)化成符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的中文句子，同時(shí)要從下面幾個(gè)方面來(lái)校對(duì)自己的譯文：

1.校核修改翻譯過(guò)程中譯錯(cuò)或表達(dá)不夠準(zhǔn)確的詞組、詞匯和句子。

2.校核漢語(yǔ)譯文中的詞和句有無(wú)錯(cuò)漏。

3.校核原文中的時(shí)間、日期、人物名稱、地點(diǎn)，以及有關(guān)數(shù)字等是否和譯文相符合。

4.校核標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確性。

三、漢譯英

概說(shuō)

漢譯英最大的難點(diǎn)，在于漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)不同。漢語(yǔ)中不管是句法結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)都相對(duì)松散，而英語(yǔ)則是比較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言，比較突出的一個(gè)區(qū)別就是英語(yǔ)中虛詞(介詞、連詞、冠詞等)的使用相當(dāng)頻繁，而且這類詞的使用往往是語(yǔ)法作用大于實(shí)際意思，而漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中虛詞的使用頻率遠(yuǎn)低于實(shí)詞(動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等)。在將漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，就不能簡(jiǎn)單地字對(duì)字地翻譯，而要將漢語(yǔ)句子的意思用適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)以及適合的語(yǔ)法表達(dá)出來(lái)。三級(jí)考試中漢譯英考題相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，基本都是簡(jiǎn)單句，很少有復(fù)雜的句子，時(shí)態(tài)也以現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)為主，在翻譯時(shí)最應(yīng)該注意的是如何選用正確的英文句子結(jié)構(gòu)。在這一部分，編者將重點(diǎn)講解英文中常見(jiàn)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)涉及到英文中一些常見(jiàn)的句型，輔以難度適中的習(xí)題供考生練習(xí)與測(cè)試。

翻譯的基本方法：直譯與意譯

首先應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，直譯不是死譯，而是指基本保留原有句子結(jié)構(gòu)，照字面意思翻譯。例如：Our friends are all over the world是直譯，而We have friends all over the world就是意譯。直譯以嚴(yán)格意義上的忠實(shí)為宗旨，意譯則更多考慮英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)?？傊?，選擇直譯還是意譯，應(yīng)該根據(jù)文章具體需要而定，兩種譯法可以并用。

漢譯英基本知識(shí)和步驟

基本知識(shí)：

三級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試漢譯英部分要求考生將五個(gè)難度適中的句子譯成英文，要求句型結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，用詞恰當(dāng)，譯文達(dá)意，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

從考試要求出發(fā)，考生需要在考前做好如下準(zhǔn)備：

1、詞匯。萬(wàn)丈高樓平地起，翻譯句子也是要這樣，考生必須首先掌握考試大綱所要求的3800個(gè)詞匯和相應(yīng)的短語(yǔ)（一般來(lái)說(shuō)漢譯英部分的要求不會(huì)超出大綱詞匯），所考察的都是基本的詞匯、詞組和短語(yǔ)。

2、句型。三級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試漢譯英部分的基本要求就是要句型正確。英語(yǔ)的句子千變?nèi)f化，但是，無(wú)論怎樣變化都可以來(lái)自于五種基本句型。即：A.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞。B.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)。C.3．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。D.4.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。E.5．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)所有的句子歸根到底都是從這五種句型變化而來(lái)，只要掌握了這五種基本句型，就基本可以滿足三級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試漢譯英部分的要求了。下面我們

來(lái)詳細(xì)分析一下這五種基本句型，以便考生能夠熟練掌握。

1．主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞

這是最簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)句型，英語(yǔ)中有大量這樣的句子。這種句型經(jīng)常跟有修飾語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)），有的時(shí)候謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：

例1.他從不露笑臉。He never smiles.例2.門鈴響了。The door bell rang.例3.火車到了。The train has arrived.例4.飛機(jī)剛降落。The plane has just touched down.例5.物價(jià)又上漲了。Prices are going up again.2．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+ Vt+ O)

這是英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中最常見(jiàn)的句型。與第一種句型相同，謂語(yǔ)也可以是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而賓語(yǔ)則可以有很多種形式。如：

例1.你還沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)題。You haven't answered my question.例2.她在做作業(yè)。She is doing her homework.例3.哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Columbus discovered America in 1492.例4.他踢足球。He plays football.這種句型中的動(dòng)詞多是及物動(dòng)詞，也有可能是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)詞和介詞或是副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：

例1.我要申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)工作。I will apply for the job.例2.我們正在收音機(jī)旁聽(tīng)首相的廣播演說(shuō)。We were listening to the Prime Minister's speech.例3.他穿上外衣。He put his coat on.另外，賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等表示：

例孩子們?cè)谕媲?。The children were playing with a ball.（名詞）

例1.我喜歡她。I like her.（代詞）

例2.我要兩個(gè)。I want two.（數(shù)詞）

例3.我希望上大學(xué)。I hope to go to college.（不定式）

例4.我不想去麻煩局長(zhǎng)。I hate troubling the director.（動(dòng)名詞）

例5.要是我們有一輛車多好啊。I wish we had a car.（從句）

3．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞叫做雙賓動(dòng)詞，通常間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后，有時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)可以放在后面，但前面要加上介詞to或是for。

例1.你能給我工作嗎？Can you give me a job?

例2.他給我看他的新收音機(jī)。He showed me his new radio.例3.他把這些照片給所有的學(xué)生們看。He showed the pictures to all the students.例4.超級(jí)市場(chǎng)正在向今天來(lái)的每位顧客贈(zèng)送一盒糖。

The supermarket is giving away a box of sugar to everyone who comes today.4.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

系動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中非常常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞類型，有的系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)(be，feel，look，seem，sound，taste，appear，etc．)，有的系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的改變或結(jié)果(become，get，grow，turn，come，fall，make，prove，etc．)，有的系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)(continue，keep，remain，stay，etc.)。在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的包括名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等。

例1.她是彼得的妹妹。She is Peter's sister.例2.回家的感覺(jué)真好。It feels good to be home.例3.這個(gè)人好像病了。The man seemed to be ill.例4.事實(shí)尚待證明。The fact remains to be proved.例5.飯后你繼續(xù)干花園的活，好嗎？Will you continue gardening after dinner?

5．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

這種句型中賓語(yǔ)通常較短，通常為名詞或代詞，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用就是為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充一些重要信息資料，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以有多種形式，包括名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等。如：

例1.他們?nèi)蚊麨榭偨?jīng)理。They appointed him managing director.例2.他把墻漆成淡綠色。He painted the walls light green.例3.他讓我看仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)。He told me to be more careful.例4.我聞見(jiàn)有東西燒焦味。I smell something burning.例5.海倫去驗(yàn)血了。Helen got her blood tested.以上就是英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型。分析這些句型的目的，是希望考生在將漢語(yǔ)句子翻譯成英文時(shí)，注意到英文的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)，不要在基本句型上犯錯(cuò)誤。

基本步驟

在掌握了基本詞匯和基本句型后，考生在考場(chǎng)上最好按照下面三個(gè)步驟來(lái)做漢譯英試題。

步驟一：分析漢語(yǔ)句子，找出主要成分。在看到漢譯英試題時(shí)，先不要著急去翻譯，而是先好好的分析這個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子，找出句子的主要成分——主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，然后再找出這個(gè)句子的其他成分，比如賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，然后各個(gè)擊破，先翻譯出漢語(yǔ)句子的各個(gè)成分。

步驟二：按照英語(yǔ)句法，擺好各個(gè)部分的位置。在做好第一步工作之后，考生要根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的基本句型，將各個(gè)部分按照英語(yǔ)句法排列。首先要把主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置放好，然后再將各個(gè)成分依次擺好?？忌饕⒁舛ㄕZ(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的位置。單詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，通常放在名詞的前面，但是如果同時(shí)有多個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，通常按照品質(zhì)、顏色、類別的順序來(lái)決定，如：a little white wooden house 一個(gè)白色的小木屋。A small yellow wooden table 一張黃色的木頭小桌子。但是凡是用介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)的統(tǒng)統(tǒng)放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面，如：I’ll come again tomorrow.我明天再來(lái)。若有賓語(yǔ)則放在賓語(yǔ)后面，如：She started her job last Thursday.她是上星期四開始工作的。有些副詞或其他狀語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以放在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)（有時(shí)是主要?jiǎng)釉~）之前：如：I recently went to Berlin.我最近到柏林去了。Your suggestion, to be frank, will only get us into trouble.你的建議，說(shuō)實(shí)在，只會(huì)給我們?cè)斐衫щy。有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)，狀語(yǔ)可以放在句首，如：In the garden everything was peaceful.在花園里一切都那么平靜。

步驟三：仔細(xì)審讀，糾正錯(cuò)誤，減小失誤。考生在完成以上兩個(gè)步驟后，不要以為大功告成，而是要仔細(xì)的將譯文好好審讀幾遍，看有沒(méi)有將主要的單詞翻譯錯(cuò)誤，看有沒(méi)有將主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)的位置擺錯(cuò)，看有沒(méi)有拼寫的錯(cuò)誤等等，將錯(cuò)誤減少到最小，以保證最大的得分率。

第二篇：2017年5月北京地區(qū)成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試真題

北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試

2017.05.06

Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: People say that money cannot buy happiness.This was true for Howard Hughes.(76)He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.He bad everything: good look success, power, and a lot of money.But he didn’t have lave or friendship because he couldn’t buy them.All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him.In the end, he lost control of everything, even himself.Howard Hughes was born in 1905 in Houston, Texas.His father started the Hughes Tool Company.He was a workaholic（工作狂）and made a lot of money.He bought everything he wanted.He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them.From his father, Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman.Hughes’s mother, Allene also had a big influence on his life.Howard was her only child.She protected him and gave him everything.Unfortunately Allene had mental problems.(77)She was afraid of germs and diseases.She was obsessed with Howard's health，and he became obsessed win it too.Allene died when Howard was 16 years old.Two years later his father died.Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company.Then he married Ella Rice.He and Ella moved to Los Angeles, California.It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend（傳奇人物）.Hughes began to invest his money in movies.He became an important producer soon after he moved to California.He worked hard, but he also played hard.He became obsessed with power and control.When he couldn’t get something legally, he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him.He owned a lot of businesses, including airplane companies, a movie studio（制片廠）, Las Vegas hotels, gold and silver mines, and radio and television stations.Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend.1.Accordign to the passage ,Howard Hughes was hot _____.A.good-looking B.wealthy C.friendly D.powerful 2.Which of the following about Hughes' father is NOT TRUE? A.He started the Hughes Tool Company.B.He liked to spend money.C.He worked hard.D.He drank alcohol a lot.3.Howard Hughes' parents died _____.A.when he was 16 years old B.before he was 19 years old C.after he got married D.after he moved to California 4.The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means.A.troubled B.reduced C.related D.informed 5.From the passage, we learn what Mr.Hughes lacked in his life was _____.A.education B.love C.money D.good looks Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Half of the world's coral reefs（珊瑚礁）have died in the last 30 years.Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.Even if global warning were to right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050.If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction（滅絕）.(78)The planet’s health depends on the survival of coral reefs.They described as “the rainforests of the sea“, because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life.In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms.Coral are used in medical research for cures to diseases.They are key to local economies as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dolllars.（79）Corals are particular sensitive to changes in temperature.A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees can force the corals to drive out the algae（水藻）.Then the corals turn white in a process called “bleaching”.Corals can recover from short-term bleaching, but long-term bleaching can cause permanent damage.In 1998, when sea surface temperatures were the highest in recorded history, coral reefs around the world suffered the most severe bleaching.It is estimated that even under the best of conditions, many of these coral reefs will need decades to recover.Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists.Scientists remain hopeful that it’s not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.Rising Global Temperatures B.Rainforests Are in Danger C.Coral Reefs Face Extinction D.Global Climate Change 7.The word address in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A.break down B.stick to C.go over D.deal with 8.Why are coral reefs called ”the rainforests of the sea"? A.Because they are home to a wide variety of sea life.B.Because they can protect our coasts from storms.C.Because they might supply natural medicines.D.Because they look like rainforests.9.The corals turn _____ in the process of “bleaching”.A.red B.black C.green D.white 10.According to the passage, _____ is the biggest threat to coral reefs.A.pollution B.overfishing C.industrial activity D.dimate change

Passage 3 Questions 11 to I5 are based on the following passage: Over the years, college students have stood together for what they believe in, from civil rights to anti-war policies to the more recent protests against the unequal distribution of wealth.But nowhere in history have students banned（禁止）bottled water.Until now.The bottled water ban, which Parted on just a few campuses, has now spread nationwide to more than 20 universities.The colleges have cither completely banned the use of plastic bottles altogether, or some have taken a more limited approach with partial bans.Many people believe that producing and bottled water wastes money and harms the environment.They say that bottled water is unnecessary because public water supplies in the U.S.arc among the best in the world.Water fountains and reusable bottles with easy access（獲?。﹖o filling stations are a better choice.An organization called Ban the Bottle raises awareness about the economic and environmental costs of using plastic bottles.The group claims that eight glasses of water a day costs each person 49 cents annually, while drinking from plastic containers costs $I,400 per year.Plastic bottles contain antimony—a chemical that in low doses causes depression, but in large doses can even lead to death.The controversy over bottled or tap is not limited to the students and college administrations.The makers of bottled water see the movement as a threat.(80)They argue that plastic bottles make UP a small portion of the nation’s total waste.It's unfair to single out（單獨(dú)挑出）their product when so many other items are packaged in plastic containers.Plus, water is a healthy choice compared to some sodas and juices that arc also sold at school., 11.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A.Many universities ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.B.Many states ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.C.The bottled water industry is concerned about its decreasing sales.D.Many people are opposed to the bottled water ban.12.According to Ban the Bottle, drinking bottled water costs _____ dollars per yearA.8 B.20 C.49 D.1400 13.The word controversy in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _____.A.choice B.control C.argument D.statement 14.What does the bottled water industry use in its own defense? A.Bottled water is much leaner than tap water.B.Students should have freedom of choice.C.The bottles are made in a more environment-friendly way.D.Water is healthier than some sodas and juices.15.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.All the universities have banned the sale of bottled water.B.Plastic bottles may do harm to peopled health.C.The purchase of soft drinks will increase.D.Bottled is cheap and environment-friendly.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure(30%)16.They have decided to put the meeting _____ till next Monday.A.up B.on C.off D.forward 17.If you get into difficulties, don’t hesitate to ask _____ advice.A.of B.out C.after D.for 18.While we were on holiday, our neighbor took _____ our house.A.notice of B.care of C.after D.on 19.20.I was trying to get into the _____ bus when I heard a voice from behind.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowds D.crowded 21.Honesty is the most important _____ a man should have.A.effort B.habit C.quality D.question 22.That student _____ his hand every time I asked a question.A.made up B.put up C.rose D.arose 23.He spoke English so well that I took it for _____ that he was an American.A.good B.certain C.sure D.granted 24.I am very _____ to you for your help.A.gratefulB.agreeat C.capable D.enjoyable 25.The two girls look A.same B.alike C.like D.same one 26.The children _____ happily in the classroom when the teacher came in.A.talk B.are talking C.were talking D.had talked 27.In the road accident the other day three people _____，including the driver.A.killed B.were killed C.are killed D.have killed 28.Jim’s job is to keep his boss _____ of the latest development of that product in Europe.A.inform B.to inform C.informed D.informing 29.The young man _____ visited our school this morning is Maria’s brother.A.who B.which C.whoseD.what 30.I’m awfully tired and can’t go any farther, Ted.Let’s have a rest, _____? A.shall we B.will you C.can you D.may I 31._____ the manager will come or not doesn’t matter much.A.Whether B.That C.If D.What 32.The American and the British _____ a large number of social customs.A.join B.take C.share D.make 33.Martin, when you go to the meeting tomorrow, _____ your iPad with you.A.bring B.take C.fetch D.put 34.It is a three-storey house and the kitchen is on the _____ floor.A.ground B.earth C.soil D.land 35.The kids were especially _____ the coming Christmas because they would get lots of presents from their parents and uncles.A.coming up with B.looking forward to C.making up for D.getting rid of 36.The used car I bought cost four _____ pounds.A.thousands B.thousand of C.thousands of D.thousand 37.What’s the matter with you? You _____ so pale.A.are looking B.look C.have looked D.looked 38.With the guide _____ the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.A.leading B.to lead C.led D.being led 39.I tore open the box only _____ that some papers were missing.A.discovering B.to discover C.discovered D.discover 40.Either my parents or my elder brother _____ going to water the garden.A.are B.is C.hasD.have 41.Can you image why _____? A.did the boy say that B.the boy said that C.did the boy say D.the boy said 42.Although it is raining hard _____ A.Tom still wants to go out B.and Tom still wants to go out C.that Tom still wants to go out D.but Tom still wants to go out 43.I went to _____ Shanghai yesterday.On _____ train I met a famous pop star.A.the;/ B./;the C.the;the D./;/ 44._____ of the two brothers are fond of classical music.A.Both B.All C.Each D.Either 44._____ of the two brothers are fond of classical music.A.Both B.All C.Each D.Either 45.There are not _____ students in Class One as in Class Two.A.so many B.so much C.more D.much more 挑錯(cuò)題，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖鸢附馕鲋姓页?Part IV Cloze(10%)When I was young, I spent my summer vacations on my grandparents' farm.The summer that I graduated from college, I __56__ my grandparents once again.When I arrived, I discovered that there was a family __57__ in progress.Grandpa’s dog and hunting partner, Rusty, had taken on a very bad __58__ in his old age.He had begun __59__ into the chicken coop(雞籠)and eggs.In the eyes of the local famers, __60__ dogs started stealing eggs, there was no __61__ to cure them.They knew there was only one thing to be done __62__ such a dog—you had to shoot it and the sooner the __63__.Rusty and Grandpa were old friends.Grandpa certainly didn't __64__ to shoot Rusty, but he knew it needed to be done.The “egg money” was Grandma’s private income, so you can imagine __65__ she felt about the problem.__66__ the inexperienced confidence of youth, I told Grandpa that I thought I could “cure” the egg-stealing dog.I wanted to at least have a __67__ to save Rusty’s life, and save Grandpa from the sadness of __68__ Rusty.The next morning, I broke open six fresh eggs and put them in Rusty’s bowl __69__ at the door to the chicken coop.Rusty came __70__ and noticed the eggs.He quickly __71__ the eggs and happily walked off for his nap(打盹).The following morning I did __72__ thing.I put the eggs a few feet away from the chicken coop, toward the back door of the farmhouse __73__ Grandma usually fed Rusty.The next day I again moved the bowl closer to the house，and added some dog food to the eggs.Every day I moved the bowl closer to the back door, mixing more dog food and __74__ eggs.By the time the bowl reached the door, it was all dog food and no eggs.Rusty bad again become __75__ to looking for his food at the back door of the house, and never again went into the chicken coop.56.A.watched B.noticed C.invited D.visited 57.A.peace B.stress C.crisis D.miracle 58.A.habit B.pattern C.custom D.crime 59.A.to throw B.to break C.throwing D.breaking 60.A.once B.before C.while D.although 61.A.desire B.route C.way D.idea 62.A.in B.at C.for D.with 63.A.wider B.better C.happier D.calmer 64.A.care B.start C.want D.feel 65.A.how B.when C.what D.which 66.A.In B.With C.On D.At 67.A.rate B.space C.pity D.chance 68.A.losing B.helping C.worrying D.keeping 69.A.next B.right C.behind D.beside 70.A.before B.after C.along D.from 71.A.saw B.found C.left D.ate 72.A.specific B.same C.kind D.different 73.A.what B.which C.where D.when

74.A.fewer B.more C.little D.few

75.A.accustomed B.relate C.interested D.depressed

Part Ⅴ Translation(20%)76.He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.77.She was afraid of germs and diseases.78.The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs.79.Corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature.80.They argue that plastic bottles make up a small portion of the nation’s total waste.81.不要放棄希望。

82.我會(huì)去火車站接你。83.我不能去聚會(huì)，因?yàn)橐獪?zhǔn)備考試。

84.我們剛才去散步了。

85.你喜歡流行音樂(lè)嗎?

答案解析：請(qǐng)注意順序，可能因?yàn)锳B卷的原因，導(dǎo)致部分題號(hào)順序有變化 閱讀理解題：

1.C friendly 原文沒(méi)有提到他友好。

2.D He drank alcohol a lot.原文沒(méi)有提到他飲酒。3.B before he was 19 years old.16歲時(shí)母親死了，18歲時(shí)父親死了。父親死之后他才結(jié)的婚。4.A troubled 他的母親害怕疾病，所以此處應(yīng)該是指她很擔(dān)憂他的健康。5.B love 本題可用排除法，其他三項(xiàng)原文都提到了。6.C Coral Reefs Face Extinction 原文都是在說(shuō)珊瑚礁瀕臨滅絕的事情，因此選C。7.D deal with deal with指“解決，處理”，符合上下文意思。

8.A Because they are home to a wide variety of sea life.原文提到珊瑚礁的存在庇護(hù)了很多的海洋生物，如同它們的家。9.D white 原文提到在這個(gè)過(guò)程中它是變白的。10.D climate change 根據(jù)原文最后一段可以得出答案。

11.A Many universities ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.全文都是在講校園禁止或者限制瓶裝水的問(wèn)題。12.D 1400 原文第四段明確說(shuō)到了是1400美元。13.C argument 從下文的內(nèi)容看，這是兩方面之間的辯論與對(duì)抗。

14.D Water is healthier than some sodas and juices.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句的內(nèi)容可以得出答案。

15.B Plastic bottles may do harm to people's health.由文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話可以推測(cè)得知，瓶裝水對(duì)人體可能有害。詞匯語(yǔ)法題 16.C.off put off 推遲。put the meeting off 推遲會(huì)議。17.D.for ask for advice 討教，求教。18.B.care of take care of 照顧，照看。19.C.attend attend class 上課。20.D.crowed crowed bus 擁擠的公交車。21.C.quality the most important quality 最重要的品質(zhì)。22.B.put up put up one's hand 舉手。23.D.granted take for granted 認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的。24.A.grateful be grateful to sb 感謝某人。25.A.same look same 看起來(lái)一樣。26.C.were talking 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。27.B.were killed be + 過(guò)去分詞，表被動(dòng)。28.D.informing keep doing sth.一直做某事。29.A.who who引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the young man。30.A.shall we Let's開頭的句子，其反義疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)該用shall we。31.A.whether whether...or not...是否，固定句型。32.C.share share sth.同享，共通。33.A.bring bringsth with sb.某人把某物帶來(lái)。34.A.ground ground floor 底層，第一層。35.B.looking forward to looking forward to sth.期盼某物。36.D.thousand 基數(shù)詞+thousand 意思為：幾千。固定用法。37.B.look look pale 看起來(lái)蒼白。38.A.leading 介詞with獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示方式。39.B.to discover 考查非謂語(yǔ)。40.B.is 就近選擇原則。

41.B.the boy said that 考查從句語(yǔ)序。

42.A.Tom still wants to go out 考查although的用法。43.B./;the shanghai前不加冠詞，on the train在火車上。固定用法。44.A.Both Both of 兩者都??，固定詞組。45.A.so many so many +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，很多??，固定詞組。挑錯(cuò)題：

46.Hardly I had sat down when I heard someone knock at the door.A B C D 答案為A。I had應(yīng)改為had I.考點(diǎn): 倒裝。做題口訣：主謂下面帶劃線，倒裝通常是考點(diǎn)。(辨錯(cuò)題復(fù)習(xí)資料)47.Nobody believed that his excuse for being late was why his car broke downon his way to work.A B C D 答案為C。why應(yīng)改為that.the excuse was that?/理由是?(相似結(jié)構(gòu)： the reason is that?)48.I wish I finished writing the essay yesterday, but I was too busy.A B C D 答案為B。finished應(yīng)改為had finished.題干中出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，因此從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，表達(dá)與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的愿望。(昨天的課程里專門講了wish和hope的不同：wish + that從句(從句謂語(yǔ)要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性很小的愿望)49.Tom’s father, as well as his mother, ask him to stay in New York for a fewmore days.A B CD 答案為 B。ask應(yīng)改為asked或has asked.該題考主謂一致性。as well as前面出現(xiàn)句子真正的主語(yǔ)。(昨晚的語(yǔ)法補(bǔ)充資料中強(qiáng)調(diào)了這個(gè)考點(diǎn))50.After afew weeks with him, I felt sorry for to be unfriendly to him at first.答案為C。to be應(yīng)改為being.介詞后面應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)名詞/動(dòng)名詞/代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。51.Robert is a great basketball fan and love Kobe Bryant very much.A B C D 答案為C。love應(yīng)改為loves.考點(diǎn)為and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該具有相同的語(yǔ)法特征: is與love并列，共同作句子謂語(yǔ)，都應(yīng)以第三人稱單數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)。(辨錯(cuò)題復(fù)習(xí)資料)52.The puzzle wasso difficult that I gave up itin the end.A B C D 答案為C。gave up it應(yīng)改為gave it up.賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)要出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞 + 副詞的短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的后面，副詞的前面。做題口訣: 代詞不常是考點(diǎn)，代詞一旦帶劃線，代詞可能是答案(辨錯(cuò)題復(fù)習(xí)資料)。

53.In March when spring is already here, we usually plant many young trees onboth side of the street.A BC D 答案為D。side應(yīng)改為sides.both表示兩者，因此side應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。(昨天下午的課里專門講了該考點(diǎn))54.You’d better to go home now because it’s going to rainin no time.A B C D 答案為A.to go應(yīng)改為go.had better do?這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在翻譯資料中專門給了。55.After they reached the top of the mountain, they felt extremely hungrily andthirty.A B CD 答案為C。hungrily應(yīng)改為hungry.該題再次考到了并列結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，也考查了形容詞跟在系動(dòng)詞/半系動(dòng)詞后做表語(yǔ)。56.D visited

此處指的是我又來(lái)到了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。57.C crisis 從下文的描述來(lái)看，這是一場(chǎng)家庭危機(jī)，獵狗面臨被殺的命運(yùn)，否則就會(huì)引起家庭矛盾。58.A habit 從下文來(lái)看，獵狗開始有了一些壞習(xí)慣。59.D breaking breaking的形式與后面的eating相對(duì)應(yīng)。break into是固定搭配，表示“破門而入”。60.A once once：一旦。表示“一旦狗開始偷雞蛋...” 61.C way no way to do sth：無(wú)法做某事 62.D with with表示“對(duì)于”。63.B better the sooner the better：越早越好。64.C want want to do表示“想要做某事” 65.C what feel缺少一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。選what作為felt的賓語(yǔ)。66.B with with表示伴隨。67.D chance have a chance do sth：有機(jī)會(huì)做某事。68.A losing 從文意來(lái)看是表示失去獵狗的悲傷。69.B right right此處是副詞，修飾at the door，意思是：就在雞籠門口。70.C along come along：出現(xiàn)。71.D ate 從上下文意思看，這里是說(shuō)它迅速的吃完了雞蛋。72.B same 從上下文意思看，這里是說(shuō)我做了同樣的事情。73.C where 此處是where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。74.A fewer fewer與前面的more對(duì)應(yīng)。75.A accustomed become accustomed to 是固定搭配，意思是：開始習(xí)慣...。翻譯題： 76.The planet’s health depends on the survival of coral reefs.參考譯文：地球的健康取決于珊瑚礁的生存。(depend on/取決于，依靠)77.Corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature.參考譯文：珊瑚礁對(duì)溫度的變化尤其敏感。(be sensitive to?/對(duì)?敏感)78.They argue that plastic bottles make up a small portion of the nation’s total waste.參考譯文：他們爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)塑料瓶在整個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生的廢物中只占了很小的一個(gè)比例。

79.He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.參考譯文：他是他那個(gè)時(shí)代里最有錢的人之一，也是他那個(gè)時(shí)代里最有勢(shì)力的人之一。

80.She was afraid of germs and diseases.參考譯文：她害怕細(xì)菌，害怕生病。漢譯英題及參考譯文： 81.不要放棄希望

參考譯文：Don't give up your hope.82.我會(huì)去火車站接你

參考譯文：I will pick you up at the railway station.83.我們剛才去散步了

參考譯文：We went out for a walk just now.84.我不能參加聚會(huì)，因?yàn)槲乙獪?zhǔn)備考試 參考譯文：I can't go to the party because I have to get prepared for the examination.85.你喜歡流行音樂(lè)嗎? 參考譯文：Do you like pop music? 76.【答案】他是他所處的時(shí)代中最富有、最具影響力的人之一?！窘馕觥俊皁ne of”翻譯為“其中之一”；“richest”翻譯為“最富有”；“the most powerful”翻譯為“最具影響力的”。77 【答案】她害怕細(xì)菌和疾病。【解析】“be afraid of”翻譯為“害怕”。78 【答案】地球的健康依賴于珊瑚礁的存在?！窘馕觥俊癲epend on”翻譯為“依賴”。

79．【答案】珊瑚對(duì)溫度的變化尤其敏感 【解析】“be sensitive to”翻譯為“對(duì)??敏感”。

80．【答案】他們主張塑料瓶占據(jù)國(guó)家垃圾總量的一小部分?！窘馕觥俊癮rgue”翻譯為“主張”；“portion”翻譯為“部分”。81．【答案】Don’t give up hope.【解析】“放棄”翻譯為“give up”；“希望”翻譯為“hope”。82.【答案】I will pick you up at the train station.【解析】“接”翻譯為“pick up”；“火車站”翻譯為“train station”。83.【答案】I can’t go to the party because I have to prepare for the exam.【解析】“準(zhǔn)備考試”翻譯為“prepare for the exam”。84.【答案】We went for a walk just now.【解析】“散步”翻譯為“go for a walk”；“剛才”翻譯為“just now”（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。

85.【答案】Do you like pop music? 【解析】“流行音樂(lè)”翻譯為“pop music”。

第三篇：成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試考前英譯漢翻譯輔導(dǎo)

2009年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試考前英譯漢翻譯輔導(dǎo)

1.In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年輕人在一家公司工作三年后往往會(huì)跳槽。

2.Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.由于大多數(shù)工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，為了繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，他們就會(huì)調(diào)換工作。

3.They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.作為技術(shù)專家，他們?cè)诠ぷ髁藥啄曛髸?huì)更快地跳到更高的管理崗位。4.Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.社會(huì)學(xué)家們對(duì)于一個(gè)社會(huì)是怎樣形成與怎樣發(fā)展起來(lái)的很感趣。

5.A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.1830年，一個(gè)叫Auguste Comte的法人使社會(huì)學(xué)成為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。6.The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.執(zhí)行死刑的方法因國(guó)家而各不相同。

7.The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.有個(gè)人大膽提議用這種新裝置，后來(lái)這種刑具就以那個(gè)人的名字命名。

8.Many people felt that beheading a person in the guillotine was merciful because of the quickness of death.許多人認(rèn)為使用斷頭臺(tái)來(lái)處決一個(gè)人，這是很仁慈的，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)讓人死得更快一些。9.A little child cannot understand advertisement for what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears.小孩兒不知廣告為何物，因此便完全聽(tīng)信廣告上所說(shuō)的。

10.And I am upset myself at how the advertisers can control a child’s outlook on the world.廣告商是如何掌管孩子的世界觀，對(duì)此我非常焦慮。

11.I think I should join Jolie in her efforts to change advertising tactics(策略)when it comes to advertisements for children.涉及到針對(duì)兒童的廣告，我想我應(yīng)當(dāng)與Jolie一起努力去改變廣告策略。

12.However, policymakers were not yet acting on many important environmental problems.然而，政策制定者們當(dāng)時(shí)并未對(duì)許多重要的環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題付諸行動(dòng)。

13.College students were a major force in the campaign, although participants of all ages were involved.盡管參加這次運(yùn)動(dòng)的人涉及到各個(gè)年齡段的人，但是大學(xué)生是這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主導(dǎo)力量。14.thirty years later, the focus has changed but the urgency remains the same.三十年之后，關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化，但其緊迫性依然。

15.X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad roentgen, in 1895, almost by accident.X射線最初是在1895年被一個(gè)德國(guó)科學(xué)家偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他的名字叫Wilhelm Conrad roentgen。

16.In fact, the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy part of his hand as through the black paper, but hardly at all through the bone.事實(shí)上，就像穿過(guò)一張黑紙一樣，射線很容易穿過(guò)手部的肌肉，但卻根本不能穿過(guò)骨骼.17.The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations.看來(lái)問(wèn)題在于核電站。

18.If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere.如果世界人口繼續(xù)以當(dāng)前這種速度增長(zhǎng)的話，也許，五十年后，這樣燃燒如此多的能源將會(huì)致使我們破壞地球的大氣層。

19.Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people.心理學(xué)家研究人們的心理與行為。

20.Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology.一些人在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域起了很大作用。004km.cn 21.It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.只有當(dāng)我們看東西不清楚時(shí)，我們才意識(shí)到我們的眼晴是多么地重要。

22.They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length.這些遠(yuǎn)視的人們能看清遠(yuǎn)處的東西，但是他們讀書卻很困難，除非他們把書舉到一臂遠(yuǎn)的距離處去看。

23.The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true.同樣的理論代代相傳，而且總是正確。

24.Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history.老一代記憶猶新的重大歷史事件對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)不過(guò)是過(guò)眼煙云而已。25.What they reject more than anything is conformity.他們所厭惡的莫過(guò)于循規(guī)蹈矩。

26.These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly.對(duì)于這些問(wèn)題，老一代人確實(shí)不予附合。

27.Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list.大多數(shù)去超市的顧客都要按程序購(gòu)物。

28.The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers.購(gòu)物中心舒適而且方便，這是超市受人歡迎的另外一個(gè)原因。

29.Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles.如果人們努力去改變生活方式，就能遠(yuǎn)離大多數(shù)的疾病。

30.Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.同樣所有的酒類廣告都應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止，對(duì)于那些因喝酒導(dǎo)致生病，最終死亡的人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償。31.Although mother’s day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.在美國(guó)，盡管母親節(jié)時(shí)間夏天對(duì)來(lái)講并不長(zhǎng)，但世界上越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家都開始規(guī)定某一天為母親節(jié)，來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)他們母親的敬意。

32.No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going.她再也不像以前那樣溫柔，隨和，好說(shuō)話了。004km.cn 33.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.一些人們認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該也能在同一時(shí)間把問(wèn)題處理好。34.Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.有時(shí)候人們說(shuō)的話言不由衷。

35.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.（當(dāng)你）仔細(xì)斟酌別人對(duì)你所說(shuō)的話的時(shí)候，可以使你避免再犯錯(cuò)誤。

36.Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather.和人們的普遍想法相反，感冒并非惡劣的氣候造成。37.The custom can be traced back to the roman era.付小費(fèi)這種習(xí)俗這種風(fēng)俗可以追溯到古羅馬時(shí)代。

38.A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.付小費(fèi)這種習(xí)俗源于18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)。004km.cn 39.In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.在美國(guó)和歐洲，人們普遍的做法是以消費(fèi)金額的百分之十到百分之二十來(lái)付小費(fèi)的。40.Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.現(xiàn)在，人們付小費(fèi)的數(shù)量取決于享受的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。

41.People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.往往是那些付不起大額小費(fèi)的人在朋友面前付小費(fèi)最大方。

42.Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.許多分析家認(rèn)為，對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了繁重的養(yǎng)兒育女責(zé)任的婦女們來(lái)說(shuō)，這無(wú)疑是雪上加霜。

43.Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.也許上述社會(huì)傾向所產(chǎn)生的最重要的問(wèn)題是家庭的不穩(wěn)定性及單親家庭對(duì)兒童的影響。44.When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，政府應(yīng)該通過(guò)增稅來(lái)減少工人的工資。

45.While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.盡管這樣做表面上看是一種積極的措施，可實(shí)際上卻是消極的。

46.While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.盡管這個(gè)法律按當(dāng)今的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看是很滑稽的，但它卻表明很久以前人們就已經(jīng)估計(jì)到這一點(diǎn)了。

47.the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.人們自殺的原因分類很多，例如失敗，暴怒，需要關(guān)注，壓力等。

48.To make the problem even more involved, people will often camouflage(掩蓋)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.這個(gè)問(wèn)題更為棘手的是，自殺的人往往掩蓋自己的真實(shí)情感，結(jié)果使周圍的朋友也沒(méi)有把需要嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待的問(wèn)題當(dāng)回事兒。

第四篇：北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試

北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試

考生守則及違規(guī)處理規(guī)則

一、考生守則

1．按照北京教育考試院成招辦的要求簽署《誠(chéng)信考試承諾書》。

2．必須按規(guī)定的時(shí)間(上午8：30開始)入場(chǎng)，考試開始30分鐘(即上午9：30)后，禁止入場(chǎng)?？荚嚾^(guò)程中，即9：00至11：00，考生不得中途離場(chǎng)。入場(chǎng)時(shí)必須主動(dòng)出示準(zhǔn)考證以及有效身份證件(考生要出示的有效身份證件為下列之一：居民身份證、公安戶籍部門開具的貼有本人近期免冠照片的身份證號(hào)碼證明、軍人及武警人員證件、護(hù)照等)，接受考試工作人員核驗(yàn)。

3．只準(zhǔn)攜帶必要的文具入場(chǎng)，如鉛筆(涂答題卡用)、黑色簽字筆(鋼筆)、橡皮。禁止攜帶任何書籍、筆記本、資料、報(bào)刊、草稿紙以及各種無(wú)線通信工具(如尋呼機(jī)、移動(dòng)電話)、錄放音機(jī)、電子記事本等物品?？紙?chǎng)內(nèi)不得擅自相互借用文具。4．入場(chǎng)后，要對(duì)號(hào)入座，將本人準(zhǔn)考證以及有效身份證件放在課桌左上角，以便核驗(yàn)。

5．答題前應(yīng)認(rèn)真填寫答題卡中的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等欄目。凡答題卡中該欄目漏填涂、錯(cuò)填涂或字跡不清、無(wú)法辯認(rèn)的，答題卡一律無(wú)效。

6．必須嚴(yán)格按要求做答題目。書寫部分一律用黑色簽字筆(鋼筆)做答，填涂信息點(diǎn)時(shí)只能用鉛筆(2B)涂黑。只能在規(guī)定考生做答的位置書寫或填涂信息點(diǎn)，不得更改題號(hào)。不按規(guī)定要求填涂和做答的，一律無(wú)效。在答題過(guò)程中，請(qǐng)注意維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益，防止他人抄襲自己的答案。如被人抄襲，后果自負(fù)。7．遇試卷分發(fā)錯(cuò)誤或試題字跡不清等情況應(yīng)及時(shí)要求更換。

8．在考場(chǎng)內(nèi)必須嚴(yán)格遵守考場(chǎng)紀(jì)律，對(duì)于違反考場(chǎng)規(guī)定和不服從考試工作人員管理者，取消考試成績(jī)并按校紀(jì)校規(guī)處理。

9.考試結(jié)束鈴聲響時(shí)，要立即停止答題，將試卷扣放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員允許后方可離開考場(chǎng)。離開考場(chǎng)時(shí)必須交卷，不準(zhǔn)攜帶試卷、答題卡(紙)離開考場(chǎng)。10．自覺(jué)服從考試工作人員的管理，不得以任何理由妨礙監(jiān)考員進(jìn)行正常工作。監(jiān)考員有權(quán)對(duì)考場(chǎng)內(nèi)發(fā)生的問(wèn)題，按規(guī)定作出相應(yīng)處理。對(duì)擾亂考場(chǎng)秩序，恐嚇、威脅考試工作人員的將移交公安機(jī)關(guān)追究其責(zé)任。

二、違規(guī)處理規(guī)則

(參照教育部《國(guó)家教育考試違規(guī)處理辦法》制定)

第一條

考生不遵守考場(chǎng)紀(jì)律，不服從考試工作人員的安排與要求，有下列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為考試違紀(jì)：

（一）攜帶規(guī)定以外的物品進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)或者未放在指定位置的；

（二）未在規(guī)定的座位參加考試的；

（三）考試開始信號(hào)發(fā)出前答題或者考試結(jié)束信號(hào)發(fā)出后繼續(xù)答題的；

（四）在考試過(guò)程中旁窺、交頭接耳、互打暗號(hào)或者手勢(shì)的；

（五）在考場(chǎng)或者教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)禁止的范圍內(nèi)，喧嘩、吸煙或者實(shí)施其他影響考場(chǎng)秩序的行為的；

（六）未經(jīng)考試工作人員同意在考試過(guò)程中擅自離開考場(chǎng)的；

（七）將試卷、答卷（含答題卡、答題紙等，下同）、草稿紙等考試用紙帶出考場(chǎng)的；

（八）用規(guī)定以外的筆或者紙答題或者在試卷規(guī)定以外的地方書寫姓名、考號(hào)或者以其他方式在答卷上標(biāo)記信息的；

（九）其他違反考場(chǎng)規(guī)則但尚未構(gòu)成作弊的行為。

第二條

考生違背考試公平、公正原則，在考試過(guò)程中有下列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為考試作弊：

（一）攜帶與考試內(nèi)容相關(guān)的材料或者存儲(chǔ)有與考試內(nèi)容相關(guān)資料的電子設(shè)備參加考試的；

（二）抄襲或者協(xié)助他人抄襲試題答案或者與考試內(nèi)容相關(guān)的資料的；

（三）搶奪、竊取他人試卷、答卷或者脅迫他人為自己抄襲提供方便的；

（四）攜帶具有發(fā)送或者接收信息功能的設(shè)備的；

（五）由他人冒名代替參加考試的；

（六）故意銷毀試卷、答卷或者考試材料的；

（七）在答卷上填寫與本人身份不符的姓名、考號(hào)等信息的；

（八）傳、接物品或者交換試卷、答卷、草稿紙的；

（九）其他以不正當(dāng)手段獲得或者試圖獲得試題答案、考試成績(jī)的行為。

第三條

教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)、考試工作人員在考試過(guò)程中或者在考試結(jié)束后發(fā)現(xiàn)下列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定相關(guān)的考生實(shí)施了考試作弊行為：

（一）通過(guò)偽造證件、證明、檔案及其他材料獲得考試資格、加分資格和考試成績(jī)的；

（二）評(píng)卷過(guò)程中被認(rèn)定為答案雷同；

（三）考場(chǎng)紀(jì)律混亂、考試秩序失控，出現(xiàn)大面積考試作弊現(xiàn)象的；

（四）考試工作人員協(xié)助實(shí)施作弊行為，事后查實(shí)的；

（五）其他應(yīng)認(rèn)定為作弊的行為。

第四條

考生及其他人員應(yīng)當(dāng)自覺(jué)維護(hù)考試工作場(chǎng)所的秩序，服從考試工作人員的管理，不得有下列擾亂考試秩序的行為：

（一）故意擾亂考點(diǎn)、考場(chǎng)、評(píng)卷場(chǎng)所等考試工作場(chǎng)所秩序的；

（二）拒絕、妨礙考試工作人員履行管理職責(zé)的；

（三）威脅、侮辱、誹謗、誣陷或者以其他方式侵害考試工作人員、其他考生合法權(quán)益的行為；

（四）故意損壞考場(chǎng)設(shè)施設(shè)備；

（五）其他擾亂考試管理秩序的行為。

第五條

考生有第一條所列考試違紀(jì)行為之一的，取消該科目的考試成績(jī)?？忌械诙l、第三條所列考試作弊行為之一的，其所報(bào)名參加考試的各階段、各科成績(jī)無(wú)效；參加高等教育自學(xué)考試的，當(dāng)次考試成績(jī)各科成績(jī)無(wú)效。

有下列情形之一的，可以視情節(jié)輕重，同時(shí)給予暫停參加該項(xiàng)考試1至3年的處理；情節(jié)特別嚴(yán)重的，可以同時(shí)給予暫停參加各種國(guó)家教育考試1至3年的處理：

（一）組織團(tuán)伙作弊的；

（二）向考場(chǎng)外發(fā)送、傳遞試題信息的；

（三）使用相關(guān)設(shè)備接收信息實(shí)施作弊的；

（四）偽造、變?cè)焐矸葑C、準(zhǔn)考證及其他證明材料，由他人代替或者代替考生參加考試的。

參加高等教育自學(xué)考試的考生有前款嚴(yán)重作弊行為的，也可以給予延遲畢業(yè)時(shí)間1至3年的處理，延遲期間考試成績(jī)無(wú)效。

第六條

考生有第四條所列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)終止其繼續(xù)參加本科目考試，其當(dāng)次報(bào)名參加考試的各科成績(jī)無(wú)效；考生及其他人員的行為違反《中華人民共和國(guó)治安管理處罰法》的，由公安機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行處理；構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。第七條

考生以作弊行為獲得的考試成績(jī)并由此取得相應(yīng)的學(xué)位證書、學(xué)歷證書及其他學(xué)業(yè)證書、資格資質(zhì)證書或者入學(xué)資格的，由證書頒發(fā)機(jī)關(guān)宣布證書無(wú)效，責(zé)令收回證書或者予以沒(méi)收；已經(jīng)被錄取或者入學(xué)的，由錄取學(xué)校取消錄取資格或者其學(xué)籍。第八條

在校學(xué)生、在職教師有下列情形之一的，教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)通報(bào)其所在學(xué)校，由學(xué)校根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)定嚴(yán)肅處理，直至開除學(xué)籍或者予以解聘：

（一）代替考生或者由他人代替參加考試的；

（二）組織團(tuán)伙作弊的；

（三）為作弊組織者提供試題信息、答案及相應(yīng)設(shè)備等參與團(tuán)伙作弊行為的。第九條

考試工作人員應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真履行工作職責(zé)，在考試管理、組織及評(píng)卷等工作過(guò)程中，有下列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)停止其參加當(dāng)年及下一的國(guó)家教育考試工作，并由教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)或者建議其所在單位視情節(jié)輕重分別給予相應(yīng)的行政處分：

（一）應(yīng)回避考試工作卻隱瞞不報(bào)的；

（二）擅自變更考試時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或者考試安排的；

（三）提示或暗示考生答題的；

（四）擅自將試題、答案或者有關(guān)內(nèi)容帶出考場(chǎng)或者傳遞給他人的；

（五）未認(rèn)真履行職責(zé)，造成所負(fù)責(zé)考場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)秩序混亂、作弊嚴(yán)重或者視頻錄像資料損毀、視頻系統(tǒng)不能正常工作的；

（六）在評(píng)卷、統(tǒng)分中嚴(yán)重失職，造成明顯的錯(cuò)評(píng)、漏評(píng)或者積分差錯(cuò)的；

（七）在評(píng)卷中擅自更改評(píng)分細(xì)則或者不按評(píng)分細(xì)則進(jìn)行評(píng)卷的；

（八）因未認(rèn)真履行職責(zé)，造成所負(fù)責(zé)考場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)雷同卷的；

（九）擅自泄露評(píng)卷、統(tǒng)分等應(yīng)予保密的情況的；

（十）其他違反監(jiān)考、評(píng)卷等管理規(guī)定的行為。

第十條

考試工作人員有下列作弊行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)停止其參加國(guó)家教育考試工作，由教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)或者其所在單位視情節(jié)輕重分別給予相應(yīng)的行政處分，并調(diào)離考試工作崗位；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重，構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任：

（一）為不具備參加國(guó)家教育考試條件的人員提供假證明、證件、檔案，使其取得考試資格或者考試工作人員資格的；

（二）因玩忽職守，致使考生未能如期參加考試的或者使考試工作遭受重大損失的；

（三）利用監(jiān)考或者從事考試工作之便，為考生作弊提供條件的；

（四）偽造、變?cè)炜忌鷻n案（含電子檔案）的；

（五）在場(chǎng)外組織答卷、為考生提供答案的；

（六）指使、縱容或者伙同他人作弊的；

（七）偷換、涂改考生答卷、考試成績(jī)或者考場(chǎng)原始記錄材料的；

（八）擅自更改或者編造、虛報(bào)考試數(shù)據(jù)、信息的；

（九）利用考試工作便利，索賄、受賄、以權(quán)徇私的；

（十）誣陷、打擊報(bào)復(fù)考生的。

第十一條

因教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)管理混亂、考試工作人員玩忽職守，造成考點(diǎn)或者考場(chǎng)紀(jì)律混亂，作弊現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重；或者同一考點(diǎn)同一時(shí)間的考試有1/5以上考場(chǎng)存在雷同卷的，由教育行政部門取消該考點(diǎn)當(dāng)年及下一承辦國(guó)家教育考試的資格；高等教育自學(xué)考試考區(qū)內(nèi)一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上專業(yè)考試紀(jì)律混亂，作弊現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，由高等教育自學(xué)考試管理機(jī)構(gòu)給予該考區(qū)警告或者?？荚摽紖^(qū)相應(yīng)專業(yè)1至3年的處理。

對(duì)于出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模作弊情況的考場(chǎng)、考點(diǎn)的相關(guān)責(zé)任人、負(fù)責(zé)人及所屬考區(qū)的負(fù)責(zé)人，有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)分別給予相應(yīng)的行政處分；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重，構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

第十二條

違反保密規(guī)定，造成國(guó)家教育考試的試題、答案及評(píng)分參考（包括副題及其答案及評(píng)分參考，下同）丟失、損毀、泄密，或者使考生答案在保密期限內(nèi)發(fā)生重大事故的，由有關(guān)部門視情節(jié)輕重，分別給予責(zé)任人和有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人行政處分；構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

第十三條

有下列行為之一的，由教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)建議行為人所在單位給予行政處分；違反《中華人民共和國(guó)治安管理處罰法》的由公安機(jī)關(guān)依法處理；構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任：

（一）指使、縱容、授意考試工作人員放松考試紀(jì)律，致使考場(chǎng)秩序混亂、作弊嚴(yán)重的；

（二）代替考生或者由他人代替參加國(guó)家教育考試的；

（三）組織或者參與團(tuán)伙作弊的；

（四）利用職權(quán)，包庇、掩蓋作弊行為或者脅迫他人作弊的；

（五）以打擊、報(bào)復(fù)、誣陷、威脅等手段侵犯考試工作人員、考生人身權(quán)利的；

（六）向考試工作人員行賄的；

（七）故意損壞考試設(shè)施的；

（八）擾亂、妨害考場(chǎng)、評(píng)卷點(diǎn)及有關(guān)工作場(chǎng)所秩序后果嚴(yán)重的。

國(guó)家工作人員有前款行為的，教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)建議有關(guān)紀(jì)檢、監(jiān)察部門，根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)定從重處理。

第五篇：成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)

體驗(yàn)式英語(yǔ)教育先鋒美聯(lián)英語(yǔ)

標(biāo)題：成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí) 關(guān)鍵詞：成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)

導(dǎo)讀：成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)雖然沒(méi)有大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試以及托福雅思等為人所熟知，但是這一考試的參加者對(duì)于成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)的重視程度還是比較高的。很多人并不清楚成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試的相關(guān)信息，所以影響了考試，下面就為大家介紹一下。

成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試 北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試是成人高等教育本科（非外證書樣本語(yǔ)專業(yè)）學(xué)生獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的必要條件之一。1991年北京市實(shí)施北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試，為使這一考試更加規(guī)范，也使廣大考生能夠熟悉英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試的內(nèi)容、題型、難度及記分辦法，特制定本大綱。

成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)統(tǒng)一考試的目的是為了檢測(cè)本地區(qū)成人教育系列中非外語(yǔ)專業(yè)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)水平，保證成人本科畢業(yè)生學(xué)士學(xué)位的授予質(zhì)量。成人英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力，一定的英漢互譯能力和初步的聽(tīng)力能力，使他們能以英語(yǔ)為工具，獲取專業(yè)所需要的信息，并為進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)水平打下較好的基礎(chǔ)。為此，本考試主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，重點(diǎn)是考核學(xué)生的閱讀能力以及對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)用法的熟練程度。成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，由于尚不具備口試條件，目前暫只進(jìn)行筆試。考試范圍主要參照全日制文理科本科英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱所規(guī)定的一至三級(jí)除說(shuō)的技能以外的大部分內(nèi)容。在題型設(shè)計(jì)上，除英漢互譯部分是主觀性試題外，其余試題均采用客觀性的多項(xiàng)選擇題形式。待將來(lái)?xiàng)l件成熟時(shí)，再酌情增加聽(tīng)力及短文寫作的內(nèi)容。

為在哪個(gè)學(xué)校讀本科、申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位，就在哪個(gè)學(xué)校報(bào)名參加英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試。目前成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)沒(méi)有全國(guó)統(tǒng)考，只是北京地區(qū)包括北京院校的遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)員、所有中央電大的學(xué)員。成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生外語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為每人 35 元（包含證書工本費(fèi)）。本考試每年舉行兩次，分別在 4月和11月，考試時(shí)間為：9：00--11：00。

成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)報(bào)考條件：在校成人本科生（專升本和高中升本科生）；已畢業(yè)學(xué)生在校期間未通過(guò)該考試的，畢業(yè)后一年內(nèi)可以報(bào)名參加考試；網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育（遠(yuǎn)程教育）和成人教育（繼續(xù)教育）、電大部分專業(yè)的學(xué)員在教學(xué)中心（或?qū)W習(xí)中體驗(yàn)式英語(yǔ)教育先鋒美聯(lián)英語(yǔ)

心、函受站、教學(xué)班或申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位學(xué)校）聯(lián)系報(bào)名和考試；此外，不設(shè)考點(diǎn)的校外學(xué)習(xí)中心的考生，須在北京參加考試；除在校成人本科生以外，畢業(yè)不滿一年的成考生也可參加考試。更多學(xué)習(xí)資料請(qǐng)見(jiàn)美聯(lián)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)。