第一篇：信件常用開頭和結(jié)尾句型

英 語

考核目標(biāo)與要求

書面表達(dá)

一．.書面表達(dá)的體裁以應(yīng)用文為主。

新課標(biāo)全國卷的書面表達(dá)體裁仍然會以應(yīng)用文為主，以考查書信和電子郵件為主，話題貼近考生的實際生活。這種考查方式不僅體現(xiàn)了高考重視對考生英語語言運用能力的考查，而且還引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注英美國家的文化和社會生活，關(guān)注中國傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義核心價值觀。高考注重在一個比較真實的交際語境中讓考生把英語當(dāng)作一個工具使用，為考生的終生發(fā)展打下基礎(chǔ)。

其中，信件又分為兩類，一類是寫給陌生人，另一類是寫給熟人。下面就開頭段和結(jié)尾段常用句型和模板進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

（一）寫給陌生人的書信包括：

1.申請信

◇ 詞句模板 ◇

1．說明應(yīng)聘原因常用語：

(1)I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to hire…(2)I was told that…

(3)I have just read in the newspaper that…(4)I am writing to inquire opportunities for… 3．表示感謝，請求答復(fù)并提供聯(lián)系方式常用語：(1)Thank you very much.(2)Thank you for your consideration of my application.(3)If you agree with me，I'll work hard and try to be a(n)…(4)I am available for an interview…(5)I look forward to hearing from you.2.投訴信

1．段首常用語：(1)I am writing to make a complaint about…(2)I am most reluctant to complain，but…(3)One annoying aspect of your service is…

(4)I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault… 2．段尾常用語：

(1)It would be highly appreciated if you could…(2)I believe you will take my complaints seriously and…(3)I hope you will give due attention to this matter.(4)I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.(5)I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly…(6)I would appreciate it very much if you could…

3.通知

1．段首常用語：

(1)May I have/call your attention, please?(2)Attention, please, everybody!(3)I have an announcement to make.(4)I have something to tell you.3．段尾常用語：

(1)Please be there on time and don't be late.(2)I hope you can have a good time.(3)That's all.Thank you.4.倡議書

1．段首常用語：

(1)I think/suggest we should…(2)In my opinion, we had better…(3)In order to…，I advise…(4)It is required that we… 3．段尾常用語：

(1)It's time that we should do something to…(2)Let's join our hands and take action immediately.(3)In my opinion, we should be polite and spare no effort to do something…(4)Only in this way can we make a great success.5.演講致辭 ◇ 詞句模板 ◇ 1．歡迎辭常用語：

(1)We are glad to have a chance to get together with…(2)We feel greatly honoured to have a chance to be with…(3)Let's give our warm welcome to…

(4)Thank you for your accepting our invitation to come to… 2．歡送辭常用語：(1)In bidding farewell to sb…

(2)To convey our profound friendship to sb…(3)To convey our best regards and respects to sb…(4)To wish sb a pleasant journey home and good health…(5)May the friendship between…be further developed!

3結(jié)尾常用語

（1）That's all.Thank you!（2）Thank you for your listening(attention)．

6.招聘

◇ 詞句模板 ◇ 1．句首常用語：

(1)Our school paper is in great need of…(2)Our school paper is starving for…(3)Our school paper is looking for… 2．句尾常用語：

(1)Those who are interested in the job please get in touch with…(2)If anyone is interested in the job, please get in touch with…(3)If anyone is interested in the job, please contact…

（二）寫給熟人的書信包括：

1.建議信 ◇ 詞句模板 ◇ 1．段首常用語：

(1)I am writing to express my views concerning…

(2)You have asked for my advice about…and I will try to make some suggestions.2．段尾常用語：

(1)I think it would be more beneficial if you could…

(2)I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration.(3)I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.(4)I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.(5)I will be ready for discussing this matter into further details.3.邀請信

1．段首常用語：

(1)I am writing to invite you to…

(2)I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in…(3)I wonder if you can come…(4)How would you like to join us in…？ 2．段尾常用語：

(1)Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to…？(2)My family and I would feel much honoured if you could come.(3)We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.(4)I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.4.電子郵件

1．段首常用語：

(1)Thank you for your letter of Dec.15th…(2)I'm glad/pleased to tell you that…

(3)I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.(4)Thanks for your invitation to the Christmas party.(5)How are you getting along with your study? 2．段尾常用語：

(1)Please write to me soon and tell me about your…(2)I'm looking forward to your reply…(3)With kind/ best regards/wishes.(4)If so, please e-mail me in response…

第二篇：英語優(yōu)美句型,漂亮的開頭和結(jié)尾

Mores, which embodied each culture’s ideal principles for governing every citizen, were developed in the belief that the foundation of a community lies in the cultivation of individual powers to be placed in service to the community.Convinced of the importance of education, modern states ‘invest’ in institutions of learning to get back ‘interest’ in the form of a large group of enlightened young man and women who are potential leaders.2.In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.3.Atomic power is associated in the public mind with the destructive force of atom bombs and partly for this reason, though it is claimed that there is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sited away from popular centers.4.Although the speaker overlooks certain circumstances in which undue skepticism might be counterproductive, and even harmful, on balance I agree that we should not passively accept whatever is passed off as fact;otherwise, human knowledge would never advance.5.One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.1.The wisdom of our sages and the blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment.2.And should we wander from them in moments of error or alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty and safety.3.History bears witness to the fact that a just nation is trusted on its word when recourse is had to armaments and wars to bridle others.4.Will you hazard so desperate a step while there is any possibility that any potion of ills you fly from have no real existence? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to are greater than all the real ones you fly from, will you risk the commission of so fearful a mistake?

5.Heretofore, only menaced, is now formidably attempted.6.east, west, home’s best.1.If we define a “ better” society as one characterized by greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, greater respect for individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, then the children of the most recent half-century are creating a better society.2.And, while reasonable people with differing political and social viewpoints might disagree about what makes for a “better” society, in my observation our society is steadily evolving into a more civilized, respectful and tolerant one.3.If too many parties become involved in making decisions about day-to-day instruction, the end result might be infighting, legal battles, boycotts, and other protests, all of which impede the educational process;and the ultimate victims are the children themselves.4.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.5.Encouraging students to question and criticize helps students not only to learn more productively but also become qualified citizens that will be able to actively participate in social affairs.A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling.Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.$ |: s9 v7 P6 t6 ]* z/ M許多人存在這樣的誤解，認(rèn)為離開學(xué)校就意味著結(jié)束了他們的教育。顯然，他們忽視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實。

The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.3 J A0 V(Y, J-w.Z-Y1 T0 W 大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會使他們有更多機會發(fā)展人際交往能力，而這對他們未來找工作是非常有好處的。

* Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills.They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness./ {3 N# Q)[2 X 而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒有多少時間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流，很難培養(yǎng)他們的個性和交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。

People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.Others, however, lose heart and give in..v+ |: J5 i$ c+ N1 m$ P4 x人們對失敗持有不同的態(tài)度。面對失敗，有人能夠經(jīng)得起考驗，從失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)，并努力去完成他們下定決心要做的事情。然而，另一些人卻喪失信心并退卻了。

As a popular saying goes, “everything has two sides.” Now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions.On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble.People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.' g7 c+ U6 k0 B5 p)V3 z“ a常言道：事情總是一分為二的。如今人們從科技發(fā)明中得到越來越多的好處。另一方面，科技進(jìn)步也給我們帶來了許多麻煩?，F(xiàn)在許多國家 的人民飽受公害之苦。

Examples of important films underscore the point that creative accounts of the human experience hold more lasting significance than bare factual accounts.Without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participant become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas, and even delusion.Socialization is only one factor influencing the extent to which an individual will ultimately contribute to a better society.The speaker asserts that government of countries where lesser-known languages are spoken should intervene to prevent these languages from becoming extinction.Indeed, on a systemic scale undue emphasis on the exploration of our emotion can have deleterious societal consequences.It is the test of imagination, while imagination without experience is like tree without roots and thus is useless fantasies.As one famous executive once said, “The better a man is, the more mistakes he will make, for the more new things he will try.I would never promote to a top-level job a man who was not making mistakes.Regard every one as a tree in the garden, then the laws is like the gardener, who pollard redundant leaves and twigs in order to restrict these trees’ growth in a certain way and thus help them grow healthily and properly.What is the most important, consider the item “better society” as equality, prosperity, stabilization, then we do have experienced great improvement and progress during the last decades.Nevertheless, it is often the interior factors, rather than the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life that prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.we are all trying our best to finish everything effectively to catch up with other’s pace

Common sense tells us that a face to face communication and discussion brings information and knowledge more directly and acceptably.Try your best;you will be a better pilot of your life.According to a recent survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Science It is too presumptuous to make the judgment that… Although the speaker’s assertion has some merit when it comes to the education of young people, I find it erroneous when it comes to higher education.The empirical evidence supporting this position is overwhelming;yet one need look no further than a television set.In my view, the speaker’s threshold and ultimate claims are both specious.However, upon further reflection it becomes evident that following the speaker’s advice would on balance do disservice to students and to society.1，Popular musical acts with nothing truly innovative to offer musically eventually disappear form the music scene.2，Anyone who frequents yards sales knows that today’s best-selling books often become tomorrow’s pulp.3，This combination of very high density of population, goods and services, and machines, all increasing with almost brutal speed, does account for some really antisocial tendencies in modern urban growth.4，The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.5，Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.3 1.The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive.The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see pass by.2.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.3.Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.4.”The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.“ Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer.This view has been shared now by more and more people.5.In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve purpose.# s7 h' 5 1.Technologyhas made fantastic advances that have affected us beneficially in nearly every aspect of life: better health, more wealth, less drudgery, greater access to information.2.The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in an even greater boon to humanity: in pure sciencea more equitable distribution of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.3.William Shakespeare said: ”The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together."

4.I am not an authority in genetics, but from my readings and life-long observation I do not see any evidence that we are genetically condemned to commit evil.5.The human species may be brought to an end by the use of the tools of destruction, themselves the product of science and technology.8 In my view, the speaker unfairly generalizes about the……, while completely missing the function and value of science.To some extent the speaker overstates fiction’s comparative significance.On balance, however, I tend to agree with the speaker.And it is human experience, and not bare facts and figures, that endures in our minds and souls.Finally, when it comes to the political area, again at first blush it might appear that pragmatism is the best, if not the only, way to succeed.At the first glance the balance of empirical evidence would seem to lend considerable credence to the speaker’s claim.10 Being abreast with the ever-increasing pace of industrialization, environmental problems are also on their way to undermine our prosperous and contented life.These people inadvertently lose the large picture on such an issue.Strict legislations should be correspondently promulgated to thwart those people who have the penchant to undermine the environment.There are countless ways of attaining greatness, but any road to reaching one’s maximum potential must be built on bedrock of respect for the individual, a commitment to excellent, and a rejection of mediocrity.What ethical conduct and socially responsible behavior have in common is they both start from values and, when applied effectively, both enhance the company's reputation and so contribute to performance and shareholder value.11 1.Democracy and efficiency don't always go together.2.Firsthand observations and satellite images show that the immediate area around the geographic North Pole is now mostly annual, or first-year, ice—thin new ice that forms each year during the winter freeze.3.A fundamental change is coming sooner than you might think.4.As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he dominated.5.That no one should be above the law is perfectly true, but it is feasible in a dream world in which the legal system is similar to the Common Law one of Britain and it's(ex)colonies where they have a long tradition of civil rights & manners and, mostly, the public prosecutor and the judge are not even allowed to talk to each other.飄aiq 1.“Draw your strength in the days ahead from your faith in God.Let it be the moral compass that guides you in the decisions you make.”

2.The groups of cadets and midshipmen, who do not know each other, echo the same view: that the military, regardless of its official policies, by emphasizing religion, especially Christianity, at events that students are required to attend sends the message that to be considered successful officers they have to believe in God.3.No midshipmen have wanted to take action until now, Ms.Jeon said.Three recent graduates, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation

4.Moreover, increased production by other countries would tend to offset reduced production by the United States, so that the effect on global warming and global pollution is likely to be modest.5.The primary long-term threat to newspapers is the Internet’s siphoning away of ad revenue, a trend that has been under way for more than a decade, but one that has picked up speed in the last year.2，1號

emotion can serve as important catalysts for academic accomplishment in the arts.When it comes to the war on drags, free speech and religion, abortion issues, and sexual choices, public policy today seems mirror the vote’s fears and prejudices.In the long term, however, the significance of image wanes considerably.As our lives become busier, our attention spans briefer, and our choices among products and services greater, I expect this trend to continue unabated-for better or worse.Through ability to inspire others and lift human spirit Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King were eminently effective in leading others to effect social change through civil disobedience.2號

1.The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs;Indians and Pakistanis;white men and Negroes in Africa;and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism

2.As geological time is reckoned, Man has so far existed only for a very short period one million years at the most.3.For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shone in the night, but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood.4.If you can do so, the way lies open to a new Paradise;if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death.5.Is all this to end in trivial horror because so few are able to think of Man rather than of this or that group of men? Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplest dictates of self-preservation, that the last proof of its silly cleverness is to be the extermination of all life on our planet?-for it will be not only men who will perish, but also the animals, whom no one can accuse of communism or anticommunism.-----------------------shall we choose death Bertrand Russell

編號4 apprentice_ll26 第一次

1.If we define a “ better” society as one characterized by greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, greater respect for individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, then the children of the most recent half-century are creating a better society.2.And, while reasonable people with differing political and social viewpoints might disagree about what makes for a “better” society, in my observation our society is steadily evolving into a more civilized, respectful and tolerant one.3.If too many parties become involved in making decisions about day-to-day instruction, the end result might be infighting, legal battles, boycotts, and other protests, all of which impede the educational process;and the ultimate victims are the children themselves.4.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.5.Encouraging students to question and criticize helps students not only to learn more productively but also become qualified citizens that will be able to actively participate in social affairs.第二次

1.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.2.indeed, as one imagine the underground world to become increasingly elaborate, one can visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from growth in artificially illuminated areas underground.3.Where there was once intimacy and contact, now there is only absence and despair.4.A leader must stir our blood, not appeal to our reason.5.He gave the greatest pleasure to the greatest number of people in the world today.第三次

Also, while many working adults might temporarily define themselves in terms of their work for practicality’s sake, at bottom we humans are nothing if not social animals.Whether certain means are justifiable in reaching a goal must be determined on a case-by-case basis, by weighing the benefits of attaining the goal against the costs, or harm that might accrue along the way.Although I agree that technology cannot ultimately prevent us from harming one another, the statement fails to account for the significant positive impact that modern industrial and computer revolutions have had on the quality of life-at least in the developed world.Since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work, we recommend the daily use of Ichthaid, a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil, as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism.Research is also the chief means by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us.Sjn(eaglewatch)It is common knowledge that we are always living in a society with limitations, and as the development of society we can gradually have a comprehensive realization of the world.though their ideas and activities may have transcended the understanding of the masses at that time and thus tarnished, disdained or even buried, it will finally be uncovered and enshrined by descendants.3，Only combine the evaluation made by both contemporaries and descendants, can we decide the greatness of individuals more objectively.4，Actually, the latter can embrace the former in many cases.As the social development and responding the needs of city life, many buildings with great historic values were replaced with（by）new buildings or restyled with new forms.the modernization in today will be the tradition in tomorrow.1.At the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.2.As for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing;it is the natural result of progress of society.3.There is much discussion over science and technology.One of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.4.It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.5.To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this really the case? 11號

From farmers' markets to happy chickens, sales of organic food have rocketed in recent years.Darkness fell, not the dark of a moonless or cloudy night, but as if the lamp had been put out in a dark room.Even the expected can sometimes be disquieting.The competition to claim the title of the world’s worst-run bank has seldom been more intense, but Bradford & Bingley, a British mortgage lender, must fancy its chances.Given their history, a lot of Israelis will run almost any risk to prevent a state that calls repeatedly for their own state’s destruction from acquiring the wherewithal to bring that end about.For all his bluster, it is the sad province of man that he cannot choose his triumph.He can only choose how he will stand when the call of destiny comes.Hoping that he'll have the courage to answer.Suddenly, the change in your life that should have been wonderful, comes as a betray.It may seem cruel, but the goal is nothing short of self-preservation.Survival.When a change comes, some species feel the urge to migrate.They call it zugunruhe.The pull of the soul to a far-off place.Following a scent in the wind, star in the sky.The ancient message comes, calling the kindred to take flight and to gater together.Only then can they hope to survive the cruel season to come.The earth is large.Large enough that you think you can hide from anything.From fate.From god.If only you found a place far enough away.So you run.You can run far.You can take your small precautions.But have you really gotten away? Can you ever escape?

Or is the truth that you do not have the strength or cunning to hide from destiny.But the world is not small, you are.And fate can find you anywhere.Sometimes questions are more powerful than answers.How are these happening? What are they? Why them , not others? Why now?

What does it all mean?

第三篇：英語文章開頭結(jié)尾常用句型

以下是各種開頭寫法常用的句型。

一、常用提出概括的句型。

1.The following characteristics may best demonstrate certain advantages of …

2.? In general, the situation is still serious.3.The bright side and the dark side of … have been summarized as follows.4.Different people have different opinions（ideas）about ?

5.In daily life, we often meet with various situations concerning …

6.People enjoy several benefits from …

7.Different attitudes towards … may be listed as follows.二、常用點明主題的句型。

1.It has been said that …

2.In my opinion, it is right to …

3.In a certain sense, …

三、常用介紹評述對象的句型。

1.?refer to …

2.?may be described as …

3.…can be defined as …

四、常用交代目的的句型。

1.In order to … I write this passage.2.The present author（筆者、本文作者）has written this essay so as to ?

3.This article is written not for the purpose of …, but for the purpose of …

4.The composition is written for the sake of …

5.I have this report published in the hope of …

6.Owing to（Because of, Due to）?, I write these words.五、常用提出問題的句型。

1.What has caused the problem?

2.Have you ever thought about the factors which can be attributedto the phenomenon?

3.What is the nature of …?

4.What are the causes of this new phenomenon?

5.____ now plays such an influential part in people’s lives that it is essential for us to try to decide whether it is a blessing(福)or a curse(禍).Obviously ____ has both bright side and dark side.But does the former outweigh the latter?

下面的開篇句子雖然不是一個問句，但它實際上提出了一個問題，因此也可以歸入這一類型。

6.It has never been explained why ?

7.No one could explain why ?

六、引用名人名言或諺語俗語開頭時，常用以下句型。

1.An ancient Chinese saying goes, “ … ”.2.As an English proverb exposes one truth , “ … ”.3.A motto(箴言，座右銘)reads, “ ? ”.4.A famous philosopher once said, “ … ”.文章結(jié)尾

結(jié)尾部分可能使用的結(jié)束語

一.意猶未盡。此類結(jié)束語往往能喚起讀者的期待感。

1)The suggestion(proposal, plan, scheme, etc.)is open to question(discussion, argument, etc.).2)The phenomenon remains to be further studied.3)This article is only the beginning of a long essay.4)What has been discussed above is only the tip of an iceberg(冰山一角).5)The story is hardly unique.There are many similar stories in reality.6)This is not the only case.It is worth conducting further research.7)But this new application is another story — one we will talk about in another article.二.號召呼吁。有的作者往往在此類結(jié)束語中提出一些具體建議。

1)It’s time for us to realize the urgency of the situation.Complaint and gloom are useless;we should readjust to new challenges.Today we must take immediate actions to preserve a hopeful tomorrow.2)Though we have made much progress, we must remember that it is only the first step in the right direction.Let’s continue to contribute our efforts and ideas.To solve the problem(To reach our goals, To realize our dreams, To carry out the project further, etc.), we still have a long way to go.3)To realize ?, we should initiate(開始，著手)a series of measures.Firstly, government must enforce strategic policy in the long run.Secondly, the development of has to come along with the perfecting of the country’s laws(or democracy or social security network, etc.).Thirdly, the power to implement laws(執(zhí)法力度)should be strengthened.All this means that we must take immediate and efficient actions.4)Ways of coping with the issue are many, but what really counts is that we should do more than talk about handling the problem.Only when the whole country(or the whole world)all go into action can we really solve it.Bear in mind the old saying, “Actions speak louder than words.”

5)To deal with the serious crisis, governments at all levels or governments worldwide(各級政府或各國政府)have had to adopt legal, economic and administrative(行政的)means.Besides, common folks should make consistent efforts.Let’s keep a close watch over the progress.6)In order to prevent the bad situation from turning worse, all sides concerned must find an efficient way to cope with it.The authorities related should improve the system and carry out regulations more strictly.Meanwhile ordinary citizens should abide by(遵守)laws and regulations.7)I am making this appeal for society to pay overwhelming attention to this essential issue.It is not enough for government to strengthen supervision of the management of ______(加強對······管理的監(jiān)督).All the concerned citizens musttranslate high spirit into more concrete(具體的)and practical actions.We need to work harder to achieve our goal.三.預(yù)測展望

1)Much of the worsening situation could be changed if all sides make more effective efforts.We have high hopes for people because they may translate high spirit into more concrete and practical actions.2)Fortunately the solutions are in sight.The success of previous practice indicates a new dimension（direction方向）.Advanced science and technology will be introduced and applied in solving the problem.The road is tough, but the future is bright.3)Clearly, as the economy develops and society advances, ____ will play increasingly important roles in modern life, and will thus become an indispensable part for people’s life.4)Every old game has a definite end, and every new one is a world reborn.The change will be a turning point from poverty to prosperity(繁榮).We are confident that we will bring our hopes to fruition, and we are certain that tomorrow will be better than today.5)If the decline continues, the situation will soon be out of control.In this sense, the fighting is a life-and-death struggle.Therefore, the industrial insiders(業(yè)內(nèi)人士)are likely to seek immediate solutions to halt(阻止)the worsening trend(趨勢).6)After carefully weighing the pros and cons(權(quán)衡利弊), the government will probably take some actions to prevent the current situation from worsening.四.歸納總結(jié)

1)Obviously, the use of ____（某種技術(shù)、發(fā)明、革新項目如克隆技術(shù)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品、數(shù)碼電視或生活用品如汽車、電話、空調(diào)等）, like anything else, has both advantages and disadvantages.While they are so indispensable to mankind they also bring serious problems.We can only hope that people, while making the best use of ____, will eventually find a satisfactory solution to the problems caused by them.2)So we can conclude: ____ can give us enjoyment, and also bring some troubles.All that depends on how we make use of it.We should make it our good servant, not our bad master.3)From the discussion above, it can be summed up that ____ is one of the most useful things in modern life.Its advantages are self-evident（不言自明）, while its disadvantages are headaches.Now we must try our best to make it serve us well.At the same time, we should take measures to limit and reduce its side effects.4)Clearly, like everything else, ____ has two sides — the bright side and the dark side.The dark side does not mean that we should abandon ____, of course.It does mean that we have had to find ways to deal with the problems ____ causes.The

key to the question is how we use it to its best advantage.5)Weighing the two sides, both arguments seem to be reasonable.It is no denying（不可否認(rèn)）that as a miracle（奇跡）of technology created by human beings, ____ has penetrated（滲透）nearly every aspect of our life, therefore, its influences on society are of a big concern.It also goes without saying（不言而喻）that ___ may be applied by evil people to harm public, thus____ should be brought under control.6)There are many other arguments for and against____.I think, we must realize that in itself ____ is neither good nor bad.Actually, it is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to people and society.7)In view of the mentioned features of ____, the use of ____ should be well controlled.We ought to find a safer means which will bring joy and comfort rather than blood and tears.

第四篇：審題、開頭和結(jié)尾

一、審題

1、分析下列作文題，按照要求把題目分類（在橫線標(biāo)出題號）

⑴ 早晨⑵ 好姑姑⑶ 友誼⑷ 比賽⑸ 上學(xué)路上⑹ 放學(xué)以后⑺ 我的妹妹⑻ 我和妹妹⑼ 我愛勞動⑽ 難忘的一天⑾ 和好⑿ 愛晚前⒀ 練毛筆字⒁ 這件事教育了我限制中心的題目有_______________________

限制時間的題目有_______________________

限制地點的題目有_______________________

限制敘事的題目有_______________________

限制寫人的題目有_______________________

限制寫人物關(guān)系的題目有_________________

2、用~~~~~~劃出下列題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，并體會它對表現(xiàn)文章中心思想的作用。

他家富起來了我和同桌比手勁媽媽教我洗衣服這件事做對了他的心靈美

二、為下面的文章補寫開頭和結(jié)尾。

我和我的四季

開

頭：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

春眠不覺曉

萬物自沉睡復(fù)蘇，春，復(fù)蘇生命的活力。融雪浸潤過的植物帶著嫩芽花苞重返人間，迎著暖風(fēng)和著暖韻去喚醒更多的生靈。???春天在努力過后也將過去，我只趕上春的尾巴，懵懂地萬象更新的快車。

小荷尖尖角

萬物躁動，夏，引導(dǎo)生命的力量。???夏天的我正在迎接烈日的考驗。吸足水分、汲取養(yǎng)分、做足準(zhǔn)備。灑下了一片綠蔭。夏天在努力中過去，我正成為這個季節(jié)最驕傲的樹。稻香說豐年

萬物迎來收獲，秋，帶來成熟的喜悅。???金黃的樹葉向眾人展示了我獲得的成績，累累的果實傳達(dá)了成熟的喜悅。而在這喜悅之秋中度過的我也成了一棵快樂的樹。

獨釣寒江雪

萬物沉入寂靜，冬，凝聚忍冬的沉默。在這寂靜之鄉(xiāng)，樹葉飄落，花朵凋零，???而我仿佛看見了來年春泉的流動。冬天的我經(jīng)歷了喜悅便開始穩(wěn)重的思考，為下一個春天做好基礎(chǔ)，???在忍耐中，我已成為成熟的樹。

結(jié)

尾：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

第五篇：記敘文開頭和結(jié)尾

開 頭

“良好的開端是成功的一半”，一篇文章的開頭是很重要的。文章有了好的開頭，不僅能帶動全篇，使文章順利展開，而且能抓住讀者，引人入勝。古人說的文章的“鳳頭、豬肚、豹尾”就含有這個意思。這里，向大家介紹幾種比較好掌握的記敘文的開頭方法：

一、開門見山法

（1）交代事件基本要素的敘述法

《揮手之間》的開頭，交代了事件的時間、地點：“一九四五年八月二十八日清早，從青涼山望下去，見有不少人順著山上大路朝東門外飛機場走去?！?/p>

《記一次乒乓球賽》的開頭,交代了時間的人物、起因和時間。

（2）開門見山、揭示主題的點題法

《背影》一文的開頭寫到：“我與父親不相見已二年多了，我最不能忘記的是他的背影?！?/p>

《白楊禮贊》一文開頭就說：“白楊樹實在是不平凡的，我贊美白楊樹?！?/p>

（３）把事情的開頭作為文章開頭的自然起筆法

一篇題目是《記一堂生物課》的作文開頭是這樣的:“上課鈴聲響了,大家都走進(jìn)了生物實驗室?！?/p>

二、非開門見山法

這里所說的“非開門見山法”,并非無“門”,而是使用寫作技法(如議論、描寫、抒情、引用等)、修辭方法(如設(shè)問、比喻等)或其它的方法(如設(shè)置懸念等)把“門”裝飾的更美一些,使文章更添文采,進(jìn)而更深刻、更生動地表現(xiàn)主題,更引人入勝。如:（1）環(huán)境描寫、渲染氣氛的描寫法

《驛路梨花》的開頭描寫了自然環(huán)境：“山，好大的山??！起伏的青色群山一座挨一座，延伸到遠(yuǎn)方，消失在迷茫的春色中?！变秩玖税Ю紊街猩钸h(yuǎn)迷茫的氣氛，對后文寫邊疆軍民助人為樂的感人事跡起了襯托的作用。

（2）深化主題的議論抒情法

課文《誰是最可愛的人》、例文《不尋常的考試》都是用了這種開頭方法。

（3）名言、警句、詩歌的引用法

《人民的勤務(wù)員》的開頭：“人的生命是有限的，可是，為人民服務(wù)是無限的。我要把有限的生命，投入到無限的為人民服務(wù)之中去?！边@是雷鋒日記中一段著名的話，以這段話開頭，對后文記述雷鋒的事跡，無疑是起到了“文眼”的作用。

冰心的《每逢佳節(jié)》一文開頭引用了王維的詩《九月九日憶山東兄弟》：“獨在異鄉(xiāng)為異客，每逢佳節(jié)倍思親。遙知兄弟登高處，遍插茱萸少一人?！比腩}新穎、感情真摯，點明了思念海外親人的題旨。

（4）引人入勝的提示法

《第二次考試》的開頭提出了一件奇怪的事情，引起讀者的注意，自然會使人想到：“這是為什么？”急于從后文中尋找答案，因而增強了文章的吸引力。

（5）吸引讀者的設(shè)問法

有一篇作文的題目是《我的家鄉(xiāng)》,它的開頭是這樣的:“朋友,你到過我的家鄉(xiāng)嗎？你登過我家鄉(xiāng)的山、游過我家鄉(xiāng)的水、吃過我家鄉(xiāng)的肥鯉魚嗎？”

文章開頭的寫法是多種多樣的，這里不過提示了其中常見的幾種。在寫作當(dāng)中，有時并不能單一地使用某一種方法，而是幾種方法兼而有之。究竟使用什么方法開頭，要從文章的整體構(gòu)思出發(fā)考慮，要從表現(xiàn)中心思想的需要出發(fā)，通篇安排整體設(shè)計，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拈_頭方法。

結(jié) 尾

與開頭一樣，文章的結(jié)尾也是相當(dāng)重要的。成功的結(jié)尾，能使讀者更深入、更透徹地理解文章內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會文章的中心思想；精彩的結(jié)尾，能喚起讀者的思考與共鳴，增強文章的感染力。選擇結(jié)尾的方法，也必須從全局來考慮，要使記敘的事件完整清楚，使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)首尾呼應(yīng)，以求得更好地表達(dá)中心，達(dá)到寫作的目的。下面介紹幾種常用的結(jié)尾方法。

（1）自然順暢的結(jié)果交代法

聶華苓的《人，又少了一個》，寫了一個女乞討者三年前后的不同形象與神態(tài)，表現(xiàn)了人格的墮落這一深刻的主題。文中作者未加任何評論與分析，只是用白描的手法，記述了事件的經(jīng)過。結(jié)尾寫道：“砰地一聲，大門被踢上了。那女人回過頭來，冷笑了一聲，然后漠然望了我一眼。她已經(jīng)不認(rèn)得我了！”這一不加修飾的自然結(jié)尾，給讀者留下了無限的思考余地，令人回味無窮。例文《記一次乒乓球賽》使用的也是這種結(jié)尾方法。

（2）照應(yīng)開頭的首尾呼應(yīng)法

結(jié)尾要呼應(yīng)開頭，這是記敘文的一般寫法，很多文章都體現(xiàn)了這一特點。郭沫若先生的《白鷺》一文開頭就說：“白鷺是一首精巧的詩。”結(jié)尾又說：“白鷺實在是一首詩，一首韻在骨子里的散文詩。”“白鷺是詩”，這一不尋常的比喻，特別是結(jié)尾具體化為“散文詩”，突出了白鷺的平凡而美好、樸素而高潔的特點，贊頌了白鷺的美。

（3）畫龍點睛的全文總結(jié)法

這種方法，一般是用議論或抒情的方式概括全文中心或?qū)ξ闹械娜宋铩⑹录右栽u論。《誰是最可愛的人》一文的結(jié)尾段就屬于這種類型，這段文字兼用議論與抒情的方式結(jié)束全文，最后一句話點題：“你一定會深深地愛我們的戰(zhàn)士，——他們確實是我們最可愛的人！”例文《春天的色彩》、《分房》的結(jié)尾也是這樣的。

有時，用來總結(jié)全文的還可以是名言、警句或詩句，這樣的結(jié)尾更是言簡意賅，起到畫龍點睛的作用。如《驛路梨花》的末段“我望著這群充滿朝氣的哈尼小姑娘和那潔白的梨花，不由得想起了一句話‘驛路梨花處處開’?！?/p>

（4）含蓄深刻的啟發(fā)聯(lián)想法

魯迅先生的《故鄉(xiāng)》的結(jié)尾是最典型的例子：“我想：希望是本無所謂有，無所謂無的。這正如地上的路；其實地上本沒有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。”這段話含蓄、深刻，一語雙關(guān)。啟發(fā)人們?yōu)閯?chuàng)造新生活勇敢地開辟道路，使全文的思想感情得到升華，體現(xiàn)了魯迅“韌”的戰(zhàn)斗精神。例文《逝去的歲月》在結(jié)尾就做了這樣的嘗試。

（5）激勵讀者的感嘆法

有些文章結(jié)尾既不是總結(jié)中心，也不是啟發(fā)聯(lián)想，而是作者直抒胸臆，表達(dá)強烈的愛與憎?！栋讞疃Y贊》的結(jié)尾就大聲疾呼道：“讓那些看不起民眾、賤視民眾、頑固的倒退的人們?nèi)ベ澝滥琴F族化的楠木（那也是直挺秀頎的），去鄙視這極常見、極易生長的白楊樹吧，我要高聲贊美白楊樹！”

文章結(jié)尾與開頭一樣，方法也是靈活多樣的，而且沒有固定的模式，以上提供的方法僅供參考，寫作時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容與中心的需要恰當(dāng)運用，不能生搬硬套。

JLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJLKJ { 例文1 { 我的“倔脾氣” 北京一考生

我就是有這么一個倔脾氣，凡事總愛“叫勁”，上中學(xué)以后，與同學(xué)更是互不相讓。本來嘛，都是血氣方剛的“小子”，誰服誰？不服，比嘛！

一次，老師在課上表揚了×××同學(xué)堅持每天早起讀外語的精神。于是，我和他又“叫上勁”了，你每天五點半起，我就五點鐘起，你每天讀二十個單詞，我就背三十個。還有一次，一名同學(xué)閑談中無意談起，他每天在家里干不少家務(wù)。這下，又把我的“倔脾氣”挑起來了。當(dāng)天晚上，我一回到家便鄭重宣布，“今天的飯我包了?！迸眉依锶硕肌罢啥蜕小泵恢^腦??你瞧，我就是這么一個“倔脾氣”。

記得剛上初二時，我還曾挑起過一次“競賽”呢。那就是開學(xué)不久的一天，在與老師談話時，我獲悉：初二將建立團(tuán)支部，發(fā)展團(tuán)員啦！聽了這個喜訊，我真是激動不已。早在初一時，我便向往有朝一日能戴上團(tuán)徽，因為那是成熟的標(biāo)志，那是先進(jìn)的象征。于是，我急忙寫一份入團(tuán)“申請書”，鄭重地交給老師。不料，我的行動在班里反映很大，很多同學(xué)爭先恐后地遞交了入團(tuán)申請書，不少同學(xué)寫得很深刻，讀起來很感人。不行，我的那份比起他們差遠(yuǎn)了，于是，我用了整整三個晚上，查閱了大量資料，終于寫成了一篇更生動、深刻的申請書??這場競賽的結(jié)果是，平均每個同學(xué)遞交了三份半的申請書，你瞧，比著呢！

最“精彩”的一次莫過于那次“學(xué)習(xí)競賽”了。初二下學(xué)期期末考試結(jié)束后，據(jù)有關(guān)人士透露，本班另外一名同學(xué)的平均分，僅超過我零點一分。我一聽，立刻沒話說了。但轉(zhuǎn)念一想，本來這次考試我的確發(fā)揮得不理想，考得不好也應(yīng)該。不過，咱們初三再見！

自從一上初三，我便憋著一口氣，一定要超過他。臨近期中考試，我做了周密、系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)。就連平時要求我嚴(yán)格的父親也不住夸我：“真知道讀書了?！惫?，功夫不負(fù)有心人，當(dāng)成績單一張貼出來。我急忙跑去看，哈，我榮登榜首。正歡喜時，人叢中有人拍我肩膀，原來正是我的“老對頭”。他向我一笑，說：“祝賀你”。說罷，大大方方地伸出了手，“不過，咱們期末再分高低?！蔽乙采斐隽耸郑o緊地握住了他的手會心地一笑??真是，誰松一口氣也不行。

轉(zhuǎn)眼間，三年過去了?；仡櫸宜哌^的人生道路，我深深地體會到：這種向上的精神，這種進(jìn)取的性格，在我的成長道路上，起了多么大的作用??！它教我慚愧，催我自新，催我去追求更高的目標(biāo)。九十年代的今天，不正需要這種性格嗎？它使人振作，它使人奮進(jìn)，她鼓舞人去創(chuàng)造更美好的明天。

我將繼續(xù)保持這種性格。并在它的鞭策下，努力去學(xué)習(xí)、工作，力爭成為一名合格的社會主義接班人！

［評析］ 這是一篇考試作文，考題只給了一個范圍：“每個人都有自己的長處和短處。請用一件或幾件事，寫出自己的長處或短處。”題目是作者自擬的。文章開頭的寫法是“開門見山”，直接點題：“我就是有這么個倔脾氣，凡事總愛‘叫勁’?！蔽恼峦ㄟ^幾件小事，寫出了這股“倔”勁兒的表現(xiàn)：別人早起背單詞，自己起得更早；積極申請入團(tuán)，申請書要比別人寫得好；學(xué)習(xí)競賽中，更是“榮登榜首”。描述生動，語言風(fēng)趣，選材能圍繞中心。只是結(jié)尾稍顯一般，若能新穎些則更好。{ 例文2 { 我最喜愛畫奔馬 安徽 王肖生

課余時間，我最大的愛好是畫畫，飛禽走獸、山光水色、花卉草木，都成了我筆下的對象，但我最喜愛的還是畫奔馬。

你一走進(jìn)我的小房間，便會發(fā)現(xiàn)滿墻貼著畫，這全是我畫的奔馬圖。畫上的奔馬有的健軀騰空、有的狂奔長嘶??形態(tài)不一，各具特點?？看暗淖雷?，放著筆墨和一堆畫紙，紙上也全是我畫的奔馬。

為了畫好奔馬，我常常在星期日，帶著筆和畫紙到校外的村莊去。那里有來往不絕的馬車。我便坐在村口，仔細(xì)觀察拉車飛跑的奔馬的動作和神態(tài)，手中的筆也飛速地畫著，勾勒出一匹匹的駿馬。這樣一畫就是半天，有時忘了吃飯，把媽媽急得到處找。

另外，我還注意搜集一些名畫家的奔馬圖。在我的小柜里，堆滿了名畫家的奔馬。一到假日或星期天，我就取出這些畫放在桌上，反復(fù)琢磨，反復(fù)臨摹，努力揣摩他們畫馬的技巧。不管在哪里，只要見到奔馬圖，我就一定要把它買下來。有一次，我聽說公路旁的商店里有奔馬圖，立刻頂著炎炎赤日，一路小跑到商店。當(dāng)滿身是汗的我搶著買下了它，心里別提多高興了，熱和累也頓時煙消云散了！

由于我認(rèn)真地畫奔馬，所以我畫的奔馬挺有精神。每次學(xué)校舉行畫展，都有我的奔馬圖。有一次參加全縣中小學(xué)畫展，還得了二等獎呢！難怪同學(xué)們都叫我“小悲鴻”。

我愛畫奔馬，是因為它能給人以力量和鼓舞，是使人熱血沸騰、斗志昂揚；是因為它能喚起暫遭挫折的人去克服困難，使已經(jīng)取得某些成功的人更加奮進(jìn)。其實，我們的祖國不也是一匹奔馬嗎？解放以來，我國像奔馬一樣，踏上了新的征途，向前快速飛奔。雖然在十年**中被四個妖魔擋了道，但它們最終被“奔馬”踩在腳下?，F(xiàn)在，祖國這匹駿馬，正以新的姿態(tài)，在通向共產(chǎn)主義的大道上飛馳。

我愛奔馬，我愛畫奔馬，我更要當(dāng)“奔馬”！

［評析］ 這是一篇考試作文，要求寫記敘文，題目是填充式《我最喜愛______》，此文首段就提出中心：“我最喜愛的是畫奔馬”。怎樣表現(xiàn)這個中心呢？文中寫了自己的小房間里貼滿了奔馬圖；假日到村莊里去看馬，畫馬；千方百計搜集名家的作品??選材恰切，語言簡潔。更值得稱道的是，文章沒有止步于對這一愛好的記述，而是更進(jìn)一步揭示了愛畫奔馬的原因，用奔馬比喻祖國飛速發(fā)展的英姿。結(jié)尾的“我愛奔馬，我愛畫奔馬，我更要當(dāng)‘奔馬’”，直抒胸臆，使主題得到了升華。v 寫作訓(xùn)練 v 1．試以“愛說愛笑的爸爸這兩天怎么忽然變得少言寡語了呢？”為文章的首句，口頭寫一篇記敘文。

2．試以“最不愛唱歌的爸爸今天下班回來突然哼起了小曲”為文章的首句，口頭寫一篇記敘文。

3．試以下面一句話為文章的結(jié)尾，在其前邊寫一片斷，或描寫情境，或描寫人物心理。

“此刻，響亮的‘嘟嘟嘟’的汽車?yán)嚷曉谒爜恚婧孟笠皇讱g快而悠揚的樂曲。” 4．以下面一句話作為文章的結(jié)尾，寫一篇記敘文。

“唉，有些東西渴望得到它時，往往憧憬得無比美好，可一旦擁有后，才會發(fā)現(xiàn)，它給你帶來歡樂，同時也帶來煩惱?！?/p>