第一篇：中西酒文化比較英語論文摘要

內蒙古大學外國語學院英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

中文摘要

酒在人類文化的歷史長河中，它不但是一種客觀的物質存在，而且是一種文化象征，“酒”作為一個既傳承歷史又通向未來的道具是一個值得我們認真研究的課題，進行中西方酒文化的差異研究對中西交流交往有很大的幫助。本篇論文首先對中國酒文化和西方酒文化做了總體上的介紹，接著從淺層方面和深層方面對中西方酒文化的差異進行了比較。中西酒文化的差異反映出中西方人不同的精神追求和價值觀念，探析中西方的酒文化有助于中外人民更好地進行交流溝通。

關鍵詞：中國酒文化，西方酒文化，差異比較，文化交流

內蒙古大學外國語學院英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

ABSTRACT

Wine is not only an objective substance but also a symbol of culture.Wine, which develops the history and conducts to the future, is worthy to be researched.Doing a research on wine culture between China and the West is useful to mutual communication.This thesis firstly makes a general introduction of China’s wine culture and the western culture, and then makes the difference of wine culture between them from the superficial aspect and the profound aspect.The differences of wine culture reflect that different spiritual pursuits and values exist in China and the western countries.Analyzing wine culture among different countries is beneficial to a better communication in the future.Key words: Chinese wine culture, the western wine culture, comparison and contrast, culture communication

第二篇：中西酒文化淺析

中西方酒文化淺析

內容摘要： 酒是人類生活中不可或缺的美味飲品。無論在中國還是在西方，酒伴隨著人類的腳步一路前行，在漫長的發(fā)展歷程中形成了一門特殊的文化——酒文化，它是一個國家或地區(qū)歷史文化的重要組成部分。本文通過中西酒文化研究對比，從中找出二者的共同點及其差別，為中西方文化差異特別是價值觀方面的差異提供一些參考。

關鍵詞：酒文化；價值觀；對比

一、起源的美麗傳說

盡管相隔遙遠，在遠古時代又彼此隔絕，但關于酒的起源，在中國和西方都有著許多美麗的傳說。

（一）中國有關酒起源的傳說

在眾多關于酒的起源傳說中，影響最大主要有以下幾種：上天造酒說、猿猴造酒說、儀狄造酒說、杜康造酒說。關于酒起源在我國眾多古籍中也不乏記載，《戰(zhàn)國策》中說：“昔者，帝女令儀狄作酒而美，進之禹，禹欽而甘之，遂疏儀狄，絕旨酒，日：‘后世必有以酒亡其國者?！睍x朝江統(tǒng)在《酒誥》中言：“有飯不盡，委之空桑，郁結成味，久蓄氣芳，本出于代，不由奇方。”

（二）西方有關酒起源的傳說

在西方，沒有太多關于酒起源的古籍記載。其中最著名的是希臘神話中關于葡萄酒起源傳說。相傳塞墨勒與宙斯相愛、懷孕卻被害致死，宙斯便把胎兒放入自己的大腿中養(yǎng)育，孩子出生后取名為狄俄倪索斯。狄俄倪索斯歷盡磨難長大成人。多年后，好友在戰(zhàn)斗中死亡，后來在友人的墓上長出一株結滿果實的葡萄樹。他采下果實榨成汁，喝來甘甜爽口，這就是最初的葡萄酒。他把這玉液瓊漿獻給奧林匹斯諸神，同時也賜給了希臘人民。于是，許多西方國家便有了葡萄酒的釀造技術。

性勞動基本上起著主導作用。經過漫長的探索、凝練，中國的釀酒技藝堪稱一流、各種名酒各得其妙。總體來說，中國釀酒大都有浸漬、蒸煮、多次投料、固態(tài)及半固態(tài)發(fā)酵等工藝環(huán)節(jié)和方法，這也正是中國糧食酒釀造技藝的突出特點。

（二）西方酒種類和釀酒工藝簡介

由于西方許多地方不適宜農作物的生長，卻十分有利于葡萄的生長，因而葡萄的產量大、品質優(yōu)，因此在西方最具特色的酒是葡萄酒和白蘭地，用的幾乎是百分之百的葡萄；另外開胃酒、利口酒、雞尾酒等大多也以葡萄酒為酒基進行制作。西方葡萄酒的代表有法國的沙都拉菲、法國的精選波爾多、意大利的草編馳騁安稠、西班牙的公牛血等。

在酒的釀造工藝上，西方主要以葡萄為原料，講究以料為核心，桶和窖為保障，采用液態(tài)、單式發(fā)酵方法。在葡萄酒的釀造過程中，葡萄起主導作用，葡萄的品種和質量決定著葡萄酒的品質、特色和香型，人的勞動則起輔助作用。葡萄酒的釀造大多是葡萄去梗破皮、壓榨、發(fā)酵、培養(yǎng)、裝瓶等工藝環(huán)節(jié)，而橡木桶、酒窖是其中的兩個關鍵。橡木桶是發(fā)酵和培養(yǎng)葡萄酒的最經典容器。其木材多孔，外界的氧氣緩緩滲入，包括酒精在內的揮發(fā)物質部分蒸發(fā)，使酒變得更加細膩、芳香；橡木釋放出的辛香和單寧酸，給葡萄酒增添華美復合的潤飾，使酒質不斷成熟、穩(wěn)定。酒窖是葡萄酒最好的棲身之所，決定著葡萄酒的最終品質。任何好酒都需要經過較長時間的藏釀，葡萄酒在橡木桶中的陳化不是全部過程，要達到最佳飲用狀態(tài)，更需要繼續(xù)貯存、陳化。

四、所用酒器不同

中國人歷來就十分重視酒器的使用，就其用途而言，可分為貯酒器、盛酒器、賣酒器和飲酒器四大類。中國的酒器從遠古時代的獸角、葫蘆等逐步演變?yōu)樘罩凭破鳌⑶嚆~制酒器、漆制酒器、玉制酒器以及后來的金銀酒器、玻璃酒器和不銹鋼酒器等等。每一種酒器都有其不同的類型，比如青銅制酒器中就有尊、壺、皿、鑒、瓿等。有些酒器會做成特定的動物形狀，如羊、牛、兔等；有些酒器上繪有人物、山水等圖案，其種類繁多，造型各異。當然，這些形狀各異、色彩繽紛的

滿傳空”六禮，指要把杯中酒喝干，并亮底給同座檢查。明代馮時化的《酒史》，記述了蘇州宴客“杯中余瀝，有一滴，則罰一杯”。如實在酒量不濟，要婉言聲明，并稍飲表示敬意。

2、酒德

酒德，指飲酒的道德規(guī)范和酒后應有的風度。合度者有德，失態(tài)者無德，惡趣者更無德。酒德二字，最早見于《尚書》和《詩經》，其含義是說飲酒者要有德行，不能“顛覆厥德，荒湛于酒”。儒家并不反對飲酒，但反對狂飲爛醉。

中國酒德的主要內容包括三個方面：

一是要量力而飲。即飲酒不在多少，貴在適量?！讹嬌耪分赋觯骸吧亠嫗榧眩囡媯駬p壽，易人本性，其毒甚也。醉飲過度，喪生之源?！?/p>

二是要節(jié)制有度。即飲酒要注意自我克制，做到飲酒而不亂?！度龂尽放崴芍⒁豆茌`別傳》說到管輅自勵勵人：“酒不可極，才不可盡。吾欲持酒以禮，持才以愚，何患之有也?”就是力戒貪杯與逞能。

三是飲酒不能強勸。酒林中一些近乎瘋狂的歡飲者，常常是把沉溺當豪爽，把邪惡當有趣。其實，人的酒量各異，強人飲酒不僅敗壞了飲酒的樂趣，而且有損身體健康。因此，在群飲過程中既要熱鬧，又要理智，不能強人所難，執(zhí)意勸飲。

（二）西方的酒吧文化

酒吧，是西方人飲酒的主要且特定的場所，在英文中寫作“BAR”，原意是指木柵欄。在歐洲，早期的酒吧只是出售酒品的柜臺，后來，隨著釀酒業(yè)的發(fā)展，酒吧從飯店和餐館中分離出來，成為專門出售酒水和供客人飲酒、交友、聚會、娛樂的地方。

在西方國家，酒吧的數量和種類都非常多，其分類方法也不盡相同，根據酒吧形式進行分類，可以分為主酒吧、酒廊、服務酒吧、多功能酒吧等。

1、主酒吧

主酒吧大多數裝飾美觀、典雅、別致，設備完善，并備有足夠可靠柜吧凳、大多數中國人把酒當做是一種特殊的物質，對酒本身的關注度并不那么高，人們更多的是依靠飲酒而追求酒之外的東西。在歡樂時酒可助興，在憂愁時酒可澆愁；可邀三五好友在酒館里豪飲，也可在家中獨自小酌；可用大碗顯豪飲，也可用小盅慢品。如此種種，都說明了在中國人的主觀感情思維中，酒文化體現了其“以人為本”的特征。大部分中國人很少對酒種類、釀造和品鑒方法感興趣，而會津津樂道于各種飲酒趣事。

在西方人看來，酒是一種特殊的藝術品，擁有魅力和生命。面對這個的神圣藝術品，西方人用心去欣賞和玩味。西方人喝酒時講究規(guī)矩和套路，他們通常會去酒吧喝酒，而酒吧有特定的布局，酒吧侍者也有一套特定的規(guī)范化的服務操作程序。西方人注重酒的本身品質，對飲酒器具十分的講究，他們把酒看成是藝術品，認為都要有適合自己的杯子，只有相互間完美地配搭，才能充分的享受飲酒的樂趣。這些充分說明了西方人的科學、理性的思維方式，體現了“以物為本”的特征。如果讓他們選擇的話，大部分人可能會滔滔不絕地講述酒的種類、釀造和品鑒方法。

酒是一種客觀存在的物質，更是一種文化。酒文化作為一種特殊的文化形式，中西方對其有著不同的解讀。中西方飲酒之道的差異也折射出其背后不同的文化和思維模式。在信息化和全球化的今天，中西方文化在交流中也在不斷地相互融合滲透。分析和比較中西方酒文化的差異有助于我們更加深入的了解酒文化背后所隱藏的中西文化差異，更好的為我們進行跨文化交際、交流服務，更好的為世界人民融洽交流服務。

第三篇：中西酒文化對比的論文[范文模版]

Abstract: Nowadays, with the expansion of communication between China and Western countries and the globalization of the world, the differences between Chinese and Western cultures have been attracted much more attention, for instance, the differences of wine culture is one of which focused as an issue.The wine is considered as the gift given by the god of wine.Wine culture has a long history and wine plays an important role in people’s daily life, and it combines people’s lives and interpersonal communication in all aspects.On the other hand, as a linker of inheriting history and leading to the future, wine is an article that deserves our earnest study.Because of the differences of living environment, historical background，traditions, values and thinking mode，social norms and culture, wine culture has a different connotation in different countries and regions and shows the characteristics of disparate style as a kind of profound cultural phenomenon.This article is an analysis performed after a lot of data collection and reading, which mainly describes the differences of wine culture between China and western countries.According to the research, the wine culture between China and western countries is very special, which has similarities in their differences and differences in their similarities.The study presents that the content of the wine culture is really rich and complex.Therefore, for the sake of the successful intercultural communication, among different nations and regions having a good knowledge of wine culture is necessary.What’s more, it can deepen people’s understanding of their own history.Key words: Wine Culture Intercultural Communication Cultural Differences

摘要： 隨著中西方交流的擴大,中西文化之間的差異也越來越受到重視,酒文化的差異也當然是其中之一。酒被認為是酒神賜予人們的禮物,酒文化源遠流長.酒在人們日常的交際生活中起著重要作用,它融會貫通了人們生活和人際交往的各個方面。而酒作為一個既傳承歷史又通向未來的道具是一個值得我們認真研究的課題。而由于生活環(huán)境、歷史背景﹑傳統(tǒng)習俗、價值觀念、思維模式、社會規(guī)范以及文化底蘊的不同,酒文化作為一種深刻的文化現象,也在中西方各個國家、各個地區(qū)有著各不相同的內涵,呈現出風格迥異的特性。本文是在經過大量資料收集和閱讀之后進行的分析總結,主要論述的是中西方酒文化之間的差異。中西方的酒文化同中有異、異中有同,內容豐富,了解不同民族的酒文化,有助于人們成功地進行跨文化交際,同時也加深了對歷史文化的了解。

關鍵詞

酒文化 跨文化交際 文化差異

1.The Background of Wine Culture 1.1 Wine Culture in China

China is one of the ancient countries in the world and has a long history about

the wine culture.“Since the appearing of wine and formed the methods of brewing wine, then the processes of brewing, the making of all kinds of drinking sets and drinking customs and etiquette were gradually formed and completed.”(Lixiaoye, 2010, P7)This is just the definition of wine culture.It is well known that Confucianism is the core of Chinese culture, so people's understanding of the wine culture tends to the spiritual dimension and gives it a variety of emotions.In 1987, the renowned economist professor Yu Guangyuan put forward the phrase “wine culture” in China and Wan xiaoyan(2009)explains that the wine culture has broad and narrow meaning.In the broad sense, wine culture including wine technology with thousands of years’ enhancement, technological level, legal system and drinking customs;in the narrow sense, wine culture is just referred to drinking etiquette, custom and anecdote.There are many experts devote themselves to the research of wine culture, but it’s difficult to give a clear definition.Wine culture represents different characteristics in different times and has different effects on society.Throughout the Chinese wine culture’s history, we know that wine culture studies the material, brewing techniques of wine and its social attitude.Xu Shaohua(1999)said that wine means drinking in social activities has a specific effect on politics, economic, culture, military affairs, religion, art, science and technology, social psychology, and folk customs.Wine culture is the combination of material culture and spiritual culture.It's a special and attractive culture.Next, take the Origin of Wine in China for example.Yi Di and Du Kang are considered the originators of wine-making in China.According to ancient annals Yi Di was ordered by Yu the Great to produce mellow wine fro me fermented glutinous rice.The concoction tasted good and Yi Di was confident he would receive a reward.Yu while agreeing that the drink was of excellent quality and had a good taste stopped short of rewarding its maker.Why? Because the Son of Heaven decided that over indulgence in this new beverage could be dangerous-it could make a person read-the monarch himself lose his wits and inadvertently put the country at risk.Another wine-maker Du Kang created a formula for high quality liquor made of sorghum..As legend has it one winter he put cultivated sorghum seeds in a hollow.The following spring he notice d a strong smell coming from it and was amazed to discover that the sorghum he left there had fermented.This accidental disconery inspired Du Kang to create an alcoholic beverage.1.2 Wine Culture in the West In the west, wine culture is also a richly historical culture.In most time, wine culture refers to grape wine in west countries.“It has a history more than 8000 or at most 10000 years since wine appeared, and much longer than the liquor history in China.”(Li xiaoye, 2010, P8)To western people, wine is a special kind of art and has its glamour.When we meet troubles in our daily life or feel sad, wine can help us become strong and comfort us.So there is no doubt that wine culture is not only a kind of material culture but also a kind of a spiritual culture.Owing to the different cultural backgrounds, the western people’s understanding of the wine culture tends to the symbol of the right and gives it elegant and luxury image.For example, they believe wine can enrich their life and regulate their feelings.Xu Yan(2004)said this view of life can be expressed as drink one’s sorrows/ troubles, drown one’s troubles away, drink down sorrow.Wine culture is the reflection of culture in history and it’s the witness of history.Next, take the Origin of Wine in the West for example.Greek mythology Dionysus Greek god of wine and fertility identified with the Roman god Bacchus.The son of Zeus and Semele Dionysus was reared by nymphs and taught men the secrets of cultivating grapes and making wine.but Hera struck him with madness and drove him forth a wanderer through various parts of the earth.Dionysus wandered through many lands teaching men the culture of the vine and the mysteries of his cult.The Bible The earliest written account of viniculture is in the Old Testament of the Bible which tells us that Noah planted a vineyard and made wine.Middle Eastern origin an ancient Persian fable credits a lady of the court with the

discovery of wine.This Princess having lost favor with the King attempted to poison herself by eating some table grapes that had spoiled in a jar.She became intoxicated and giddy and fell asleep.When she awoke she found the stresses that had made her life intolerable had dispersed.Returning to the source of her relief her subsequent conduct changed so remarkably that she regained the Kings favor.2.The application of the wine culture 2.1 Types of Wine Baijiu is a typical Chinese wine, while grape wine plays an important role in Western countries.China is a country with a long history and it is no exaggeration to say that Chinese history with five thousand years is written by wine.As China is a large agricultural country, the most wine is brewed with grain.In China, the word is “jiu” can be used to represent all the types of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, grape wine and so on.The most popular wine in China can be classified into two types, namely, yellow wine and white wine.The yellow wine is brewed directly from rice and wheat.The white wine is also brewed grain, but it has a higher purity of the alcohol level.Although China has a lot of techniques to brew wine and there are various types of wine, the grain liquor is always in the important position;this is because of the effect of geographical environment and agricultural culture.China's climate is very good for the growth of rice and other grain, as a result, the grain liquor is very prevalent.In the Western countries, no matter when we talk about the western wine, grape wine is always the first one comes to our minds.Grape wine is the major wine and

plays an important role in people’s life.Grape wine has a long history, Qu Xiaohui(1996)said that the Western archaeologists found that people had drank grape wine seven thousand years ago.Western is different from China as a large agricultural country, so most of Western countries develop animal husbandry and business.But the climatic and soil in many places don’t fit the growth of crops, they are suitable for grape.Grape wine was produced and became more and more popular under this circumstance.With the development of society, there are more types of grape wine, such as whisky, brandy, rum, cocktail and so forth.2.2 Drinking Vessels Where there is wine, there is drinking vessel.As the saying goes, if there is no drinking vessel, there is no way to drink.So there is no doubt that drinking vessel as a part of wine culture has a long history.The development of drinking vessel is closely bound up with the national economics;it can reflect a country’s level of development.China always shows great respect for the use of drinking vessels.People divided the drinking vessels into different categories depending on their usage.In ancient times, due to the low level of social development, people use some natural materials to make drinking vessels, such as horns and gourds.With the improvement of productivity and development of the wine industry, there are more types of wine vessels, for example, the drinking vessels are made of bronze or jade or other materials.What’s more, some drinking vessels are made in different shapes, for instance sheep, tiger, cow, rabbit and other animals or landscape.Different shapes of drinking vessels not only can help people enjoy the beauty of wine, but also reflects the unique charm of Chinese art.Compared with China's drinking vessels, West’s has a distinctive flavor.Westerners pay attention to different glasses for different kinds of wine.When they drink whisky, brandy and grape wine, they will prepare the corresponding cups.It is

well known that most western drinking vessels are made of glass and crystal, because these cups are good for drinkers to appreciate the wine's color and enjoy the beauty of wine.This is indeed the case;the western drinking vessels have an elegant appearance as well as the good usage.Nowadays, the glasses become more popular and are carriers to spread the wine culture.2.3 Etiquette of Drinking Wine is a medium to understand the culture of different countries.Knowing the etiquette of drinking can reduce the misunderstandings in social activities and promote communications between peoples.After careful studies, we can find that there are some differences of etiquette of drinking between China and Western countries.China is a country known as ceremony and pay attention to etiquette.Talk freely about the saying “No Custom without Wine”, etiquette of drinking is becoming an important part of life.Chinese drinking etiquette reflects the respect for the drinker.There is fixed seating and a fixed toast times about who is the master, who is the guest.Toast normally chooses after eating the main course, and before the sugar beet is not on.The cup must be held on the eyes level when the toast happen.The toast must begin from the master and watch each other, and at least drink a little wine to show respect.Others are not qualified to respect until the master finished.If the toast order is upset the person who upset the toast order will be fined.Toast must be started from the most distinguished guests, at this time the wine should be full of so that the most distinguished guests can be respected.Not only younger people toast to the elders, and subordinates take the initiative to propose a toast to the higher levels, but also should drink first in order to show respect.The Jiuling, Finger Guessing Game etiquette of wine, but also to make drinkers thoroughly enjoyed themselves.Obviously, Chinese wine culture deeply influenced by Chinese culture and traditional

ethics of hierarchy of seniority, during drinking alcohol the respect for those who drinking was placed in the most important position.Western drinking wine etiquette demonstrates respect for wine.Drinking wine must watch their color, smell their fragrance, taste its quality, and mobilize all kind of sensory to enjoy nice wine.In the sequence of drinking, pay attention to the first drink after drink red wine, white wine, the first lighter wine In the sequence of drinking, it is necessary to pay attention to the order of drinking.White wine should be first and after red wine, the first lighter wine following Re-bodied wine to drink a short year wine and then drink a long year wine, changes gradually in-depth change in the enjoyment of wine flavor.The selection of wine device, also revolve around how to get the full enjoyment of drinking on the drinkers.Let aroma convergence on mouth of the tulip-type goblet cup, and even for wine temperature degree specially designed thermometer, without exception, demonstrate respect for Westerners wine, and their Drinking etiquette is for a better appreciation of wine.In the West people rarely Toast each other, they usually drink separately.Only in certain occasions, they will join in a toast.If a time like this is usually the person after the speech, they are blessing a person, or to celebrate something for someone.2.4 Purpose of Drinking

Wine exists with the form of water and with the content of fire.They are incompatible since ancient times, only an exception on wine.It is water also fire.Not only was extinguished by the minds of unhappy, but also can bright the inner.Both Chinese and westerners love wine, but the diversity of cultures, so caused the difference on drinking purposes between the Chinese people and Westerns.The purpose of drinking in western is simple.They have a drink in order to enjoy drinking.Of course, wine also has the function of communication, but it is more important for people to enjoy the taste of wine.What kind of drink should be used to

enjoy on a occasion , and what temperature degree should be , what shape of the glass should be, there is a very fine clear requirement.There is not hing Finger Guessing Game was provided on the banquet.The aesthetic of western is a direct form Style-oriented and do not require to use distiller's yeast to achieve communicative effects, showing that the West is drinking for wine.In China, wine is often used as a communicative tool.Therefore, there are not scientific systematic theoretical analysis on Chinese wine culture.More attention was paied on other function s brought by drinking.The so-called ulterior motives are not on wine , but care between landscape and landscape of the music.People who drink often want to discuss official business, or talk to a private matter.In short, drinking is just an expression of a mood-assisted behavior.People have a drink just want to borrow the role of alcohol to complete a number of other things, so Chinese people will never be less wine on the table.Whether it is Chinese New Year, or a business in the future, wine is the middle of the hub of everything.It also links to the subtle emotions between people, but people rely more on drinking is the pursuit of wine.Qingmeizhujiu is to prove who is the hero.The paradis Jiang Jinjiu purpose to eliminate the same melancholy;Bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages was to take sanctuary.Qianlong 1000 gentleman feast want to share happy with the public.Chinese people drinking is not for alcohol but for feelings.Therefore, so long as having appropriate reasons, everyone can advise each other to drink, in order to show goodwill and sincerity.Toast is a typical performance of Chinese hospitality, but often is not understood by Westerners on the Chinese people.China is the ceremonies.The communication is usually advocated implicitly.They are not bounded, not only can speak, also can criticize after drinking alhtough there is nothing to speak usually.Wine can help Chinese people to achieve communicative purposes.2.5 Drinking Habits Several major Chinese festival of the year have a corresponding drinking activities, such as the Dragon Boat Festival drink “calamus wine”.Suspended drink “chrysanthemum wine”.In some places, such as Jiangxi, people gathered to drink after planting the cereal crop or to celebrate the harvest time.Chinese New Year also is known as New Year's Eve.It is the day for family reunion to have the most sumptuous dinner of the year.Dinner and wine are essential to the even poorest family.In some places, people generally do not leave the house on the first day of the first lunar month.From the second day, people begin to drop around.The owner of the house takes the dishes which have been prepared earlier to the table and enjoy the wine with the guests.“l(fā)iquor of daughter in the south“ According to the earliest record by the ”Southern Grasses“ that the southern people began to make wine when their daughter was seven years old.Then they bury the brewed wine when their daughter got married.This kind of wine was inherited in Shaoxing and developed to be famous as ”Huadiao jiu“.Another difference exists in the custom of drinking wine.As is known to us, China is a big country with 56 nationalities and vast territory.Most of the nations have its own distinctive wine and custom of drinking wine.However, there still exists the common character: encouraging people to drink.While in western countries, no one will encourage you to drink.It is up to you to drink or not.No one would associate toasting people with the face.If there exists buying wine culture, that is, today I buy the wine for you in a bar;tomorrow you will buy for me.Wine culture brings about the difference of ideology of flows.Wine culture that caused great affection on the east and west civilization is embodied in the feminism.In the west, fete is an important means of worship of wine.The housewives and girls gathered in wild mountains to dance and enjoy themselves the whole night.Women could communicate with any people.Although the man was discontented with this, he could not have any complaints.This tradition was handed down.As a result, women got almost the same status with the man in the west.The worship of wine came along with the mysterious worship of maternity, which rippled in the civilization of the west.It was not the case in China.Although at the beginning, the wine was brewed for the daughter of Yu, women were deprived of right of drinking wine by man.The girls

in The Dream of Red Mansion mostly drank fruit wine.The liquor, repetitive of wine, was the patent of men, such as Jia Zheng.The status of women was gradually promoted after the spread of western culture during the period of Fourth Five.Women have the same right of drinking wine in modern times.3.Different Communicative Functions and Drinking Culture 3.1 Shallow Sip and Cattle Drink

Chinese people pay attention to the “shallow sip”.The so called“shallow sip”is to put the glass in one hand and enjoy the fun by singing a song or poem to purse the realm into a little drunk.The so called little drunk is like non-drunk and non-awake, with a rather wonderful feeling to get high in the realm.We Chinese people will take a little drunk while talking with our friends or family and have a good time.The Westerners pay attention to “cattle drink”, the so called “cattle drink” also described as the “drink by”.That is, no matter one battle or one glass, just raise your neck to drink it overturned.They enjoy the excitement that the wine brings to them.3.2 Masculinity and Feminism

Chinese wine culture is the doctrine of partial male.Since ancient times, “wine” was always used by men as the signboard and mask of their entertainment.By the “wine” of power, things will line.Things can be done easier by the power of wine.CaoCao used wine to test whether troops under his command were loyal to him.Wine and beauty seem always to go together;both are men’s tool to release their pressure.Actually, with the collapse of the feudalism, women were no longer regarded as men’s vassal.Nevertheless, in most case, women are often still at arm’s length speak of love.The western wine culture joined more feminist factors and is relatively neutral.In western countries, there is not only spirits for men but also cocktails and champagne with a sweet or fruity taste and beautiful color for women to drink.Female drinking is socially accepted, and fends to be neutral on the whole.3.3

Lyricism and Enjoyment

China, the scenic spot of wine culture, the significance of drinking wine is far more than the sensual pleasure.In many occasions, wine is used as a cultural symbol to represent a ritual, a state of mind.Wine and poetry, had the tight relationship from then on.In China, The wine is often used as a communication tool, a medium to express feelings after drinking.The so called the drinker’s heart is not in the cup but in people and in love.Such as to make the plum wine is in order to prove who is the real hero;to drink one more cup of wine is to bid farewell to the friend going away.Different feeling and different mood are passed through the wine.In the western countries, the purpose of drink is often very simple, to enjoy the wine and alcohol.Of course, the red wine in the west also has the function of communication, but it is more of a pursuit of how to enjoy the taste.It can be seen that the Western wine culture focus more on the wine itself while we Chinese people seem to pay more attention to the spiritual experience after evaporation or distillation of the wine.Western habit of tasting wine is to taste with their tongue, while we Chinese people use more of a heart and brain to feel the feeling the wine bring us.The Way to Promote the Intercommunication of Wine Culture 4.1.Launching International Communication Conference

The development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations.On this matter, I give several suggestions as following: Firstly, we should launch international communication conference about research of wine culture.At present, the research communication between professors and experts in especially French, Germany, and England and so on is little.Professors and experts exchange their ideas and views about wine and put forward new suggestions.It is an important and direct way to push the development

of wine culture.Secondly, a worldwide organization should be set up to harmonize and guide the deed acted by nations.Regions and nations behave according to the rules regulated.4.2.Setting the Suitable Rules

As we know, a proverb says without rules we cannot do things well.Thus it is necessary and important to set the suitable rules.Nations can communicate and behave well with the restrictions.However, the rules are not set now, which needs the efforts of the professors and experts.4.3 Innovation

Wine culture can not develop without innovation which is the gist of wine culture.China has a long history of brewing wine, which is proud by us.Meanwhile, we indulge ourselves in the success we have had and depend on the traditional wine culture excessively.Therefore, crisis is there.In order to keep the booming vitality of wine, obviously, the innovation is crucial.But what we should do innovate the wine culture.In my point of view, we should do as the following: To begin with, the combination of innovation of wine and idea.The consumption psychology of people is always changing.There is an increasing demand about the safety and sanitation of wine.The idea of green consumption occurs to people.As a result, we not only cater to the demand of trend, but also put our feet in the consumer's shoes.Secondly, the combination of innovation and technology.The innovation of culture can not;eave the development of technology.The big innovation and development of many professions is caused by the innovation of technology.The innovation of technology and technique push the development of the profession of brewing wine vigorously and base the solid foundation of the innovation of wine culture.Thirdly, the combination of innovation of wine culture and the management of firm.The history of abroad or domestic management of firm can be subdivided into three stages: ”experimental management“ ”scientific management“ and ”cultural management".It realized the big leap on management from experimental one to Tylor's scientific one.However, scientific management neglects the creativity and ability of man, which can not fit the demand of development.Thus, cultural management came into being.That whether the wine culture is a success or a failure is associated with the leader of the enterprise.The runner of the wine firm is different from the leader of the firm of making screwdriver.He should be an artist with high quality of culture and artistic taste.The fierce competition demands that they give direction and decision on the design of products, the direction of market, the selling

and plan of market.It is also necessary for them to carry out the cultural management and innovation of management and make full use of resources including resource of mankind to infuse the color of culture in the product.Make sure the realization of innovation of wine culture successfully through innovation of management.This is one aspect and another aspect is that: In the first place, transfer the advantage of culture into the advantage of market.Transmitting culture is to exploit the market.The core of the wine market is health;safety and fashion which the enterprises need long time of penetration of culture and patient and dedicate cultivation of market.It advocates drinking wine in a scientific way and green consumption to guide man return to rationalism from the traditional wine culture, which advocates drinking wine in great amount.In the second place, transfer the advantage of market into the advantage of economic, society and zoology.The advantage of economic is the final embodiment of the advantage of market.Promoting the additional value of wine culture is a significant way to transfer the advantage of market into the advantage of economic.At the same time, it requires shat the effectiveness of society and zoology should be taken into account.We should strengthen the idea of sustaining development of firm and carry out green management and controlling of whole process and protect the mature during the process of carrying out the innovation of wine culture.Therefore, the vitality of wine lies in wine culture and fitting the progressive consumption culture, which is to keep pace with time.Conclusion The wine is the best present that God has given.Wine culture comes along with the birth of wine since wine appeared.Due to the difference of wine, regions and environment, the faith brought by wine culture also has more or less difference.At first, the wine in China was the sweet wine made from fruits.After that, man gradually found the grain which was used as the raw material of liquor.It was much better than sweet wine either in power or taste.Therefore, it is the mainstream to brew wine with grain as the raw material.At present, it refers to liquor when it comes to the wine of China.However, the wine in the west was brewed with barley the raw material firstly.Man began to brew wine with grape.The wine made man intoxicated and gradually became the mainstream of the west.And now, it refers to champagne and Brandy wit grape as the raw material.Drinking wine in China is the common phenomenon of different nations.Most of nations have its own characteristic wine

and custom of drinking wine.The culture of drinking wine has endurable vitality and character.The research of drinking custom will promote the unity of nations and progress of civilization.In order to communicate with the consumer, it is necessary to promote the development of wine culture.The wine can popularize wildly and sell best according to the taste of consumer.The brewed wine is to be consumed by man.Consequently, people's suggestion about the way of brewing wine is vital, which is to make sure the wine is consumed with confirmation and agreement of consumer.Intercommunication is also crucial to the development of wine culture.Thus, increasing international communication is essential.Professors and experts can exchange their views and put forward new ideas about innovation of technology.A worldwide organization restrains the behavior of the members.Through this topic, the profound Chinese culture during the course of investigations will be appreciated.Consequently the Chinese wine culture will develop along with the development of the world wine culture.Bibliography [1] Patrick McGovern.Ancient wine: the search for the origin of viniculture.Princeton University, 2000.[2] Haeger.North American Pinot Noir.Langman, 2004.[3] Patrick Matthews.Real wine: the rediscovery of natural winemaking.Mitchell Beazley, 2000.[4] Jeni Port.Crushed by women:women and win., Arcadia, 2000.[5] Jancis Robinson.Jancis Robinson's wine tasting workbook.Conran Octopus, 2000.[6]Dai Weidong.A New Concise Course in Lingustics for Students of Englishin [M].ShangHai Foreign Language Education Press, 2010:125-126 [7]Jamie Goode.The science of wine: from vine to glass[M].University of California Press, 2005 [8]John Winthrop Haeger.North American Pinot Noir[M].Niversity of California Press, 2004

[9]Julia Harding.The Oxford Companion to Wine[M].Oxford University Press, 2006 [10]Patrick McGovern.Ancient wine: the search for the origin of viniculture[M].Princeton University Press, 2003

[11] 王守國．酒文化與藝術精神[M]．鄭州：河南大學出版社, 2006． [12] 鐵流．中華酒文化大觀[M]．北京：當代中國出版社, 2000． [13] 張愛敬．酒文化[M]．青島：中國海洋大學出版社, 1999． [14] 張長興．酒文化[M]．呼和浩特：內蒙古人民出版社, 2003．

[15] 趙榮光．中國傳統(tǒng)酒人形象的歷史異變[M]．香港：飲食文化研究出版社, 2002．

[16] 蔣雁峰．中國酒文化研究[M]．長沙：湖南師范大學出版社, 2000． [17] 朱迪．帶一只酒杯去巴黎[M]．北京：團結出版社, 2005． [18] Thomas Karlauf．突然想喝酒,微醺[M]．上海外文出版社, 2003． [19] 蕭曦清酒國春秋[M]．臺北：臺灣新生報出版社, 2001． [20] 韓勝寶．姑蘇酒文化[M]．蘇州：古吳軒出版社, 2000． [21]賈玉新.跨文化交際學[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，1997：65 [22]蔣雁峰.中國酒文化研究[M].長沙：湖南師范大學出版社，2006 [23]杜莉.中西酒文化比較[J].揚州大學烹飪學報，2004（1）：1-4 [24]楊利.酒文化及酒的精神文化價值探微[J].邵陽學院學報：社會科學版，2005（4）：82-83 [25]萬曉艷.從跨文化交際的角度解讀中西方酒文化[J].甘肅科技縱橫，2009（3）：160

第四篇：中西方酒文化的差異__英語論文 2

Similarities and Differences between Chinese and Western XXX

中西XXX比較

姓名

張XX

學號

083000

班級

08商務2班

院系

經管學院

The differences between china and the west in wine culture

Major: Business English

Class: Two

Name: LiFei

Tutor: Ma Tingting

Abstract

This paper gives a whole introduction about the differences between China and the west in wine culture.From the comparison of wine culture in the West, we can find that the difference between the culture of wine is actually a way of thinking in the West differences.Whether China is the booze or the West tasting, wine culture can all hope that the next time a relatively more and better wine, wine culture can be developed and inheritance, so that more people understand the culture of wine, Enjoy the wine culture!I am the principal of Liquor comparison of Chinese and Western culture, and focus on understanding the culture of wine in China history of the development.Key words: wine culture;differences;China;the west

1.The history of wine culture

It is well-known to us that China's wine culture has 5000 years of history, has a long history of wine in our wine culture, the development of long-term process, making many as the “Shen Pin” 'Qiongjiang “wine treasures.China is ahead of the world's ancient civilizations, is the home of wine.China five thousand years of history, wine and liquor culture always occupies an important place.Wine is a special kind of food that belong to the material, but also with people's spiritual life.As a special kind of cultural forms , wine culture has a unique position in traditional Chinese cultural.I think in a different cultural background and different walks of life, different people, and even different frame of mind which was to understand the extent of different ways.For Chinese and Western culture, a different understanding of wine, the key is to make the best wine culture development, better for our services, which require the integration of Chinese and Western cultures of wine.Today, the West's wine culture to a large extent, the impact of China's wine culture, particularly in the tasting the mood in the West tend to be more, can hope to make more Westerners to understand China's fine tradition of wine culture.Talking about China's fine tradition of wine culture, wine and poetry had mentioned the close relationship between the poetry of wine is given a new interpretation of the source of origin so that the culture of wine in a long, and is deeply rooted.From ancient times people do not know the number of Jie Jiu literati ink to write a good poem passed down until today, to express his or hi or bad feelings, a lot of people describe the beauty away.Now I would like to say something about China-made wine, it is very famous in the world.China-made wine dates back to ancient times, variety, meta, the renowned wines.Rice wine is the world's oldest wine, about three thousand years ago, the era of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Chinese original, Koji penthouse fermentation began a large number of wine.About a thousand years ago, the Chinese Song dynasty who invented the Distiller, liquor law, became the main Chinese people to drink alcohol.Wine penetration to the entire China five thousand years of civilization, history, literary and artistic creation and cultural entertainment to diet cooking, health care, and other aspects of Chinese life in occupies an important position.As far as my knowledge is concerned, wine is one of the oldest food, it is almost history and the history of human culture began.Since the wine appear, as a matter of culture, wine, its history and economic history of synchronization, but wine is not only a kind of food, it also has a spiritual and cultural value.As a spiritual culture it is reflected in the social and political life, literary arts and even people's attitude towards life, aesthetics, and many other aspects.In this sense, the drink is not just drinking and drinking, it has also been drinking culture.The differences between China and the west in wine culture

2.1 The differences in the kinds of wine

China's wine culture springs from a long, though undoubtedly the longest history of wine, but the most representative of the Chinese wine than white wine, and in some ways can be said that China's wine culture, wine is wine culture.Because of the many wine types in China, she has a long history, mature technology, so far remains the world's largest production of distilled liquor.Chinese civilization in the Yellow River basin, where the fertile soil, mild climate, long a major agricultural country, China as early as ten thousand years ago, with the West Asia, Central America became the world's first three agricultural centers.China's grain output large grains and cereals, varieties, food consumption in the function to meet people, as well as surplus, which laid the foundation for food wine.Known as the cradle of Western civilization has been located in the Balkans, Greece, surrounded by the sea, mountains and islands throughout the territory, the soil is relatively poor, is a typical Mediterranean climate.It is not conducive to the growth of food crops, cereal crops, low yields, only to meet the food, it is difficult to have a surplus wine.The grapes prefer gravel soil, with its drought tolerance and adaptability to the Mediterranean climate and widely cultivated in Greece, wine to meet the needs of Westerners on alcohol.2.2 The differences in wine glasses

Ancient Chinese bronze ware drinking vezits beautiful and decorative images.And the most ancient wine is completed, the most typical is Shang bronze.Bronze vessels in heated debates, decanter, drinking, wine storage, ritual.Just like the tea now.Later, lacquer ware, porcelain, the above pattern is also very attractive.There are some very unusual drinking vessels, such as: ye guangbei, backflow pot, Mandarin Duck fragrant pot, pot, Kowloon fair of blasphemy against the Grand jade sea etc.But now, most households use of wine are Westen wine.In order to observe the grade level of the wine, Western wine are glass, transparent.Western wine lightweight convenience, are to be accepted by most of the Chinese family.Westerners to drink wine application what wine.So they have wine glasses, wine glasses, wine glass for red wine, brandy, etc.In the wine glass in two-party differences larger.While Western wine now represent a clear advantage.China's traditional drinking vessels in general are now very rare in the family.2.3 The differences between drinking etiquette China's ceremonial drinking of alcohol reflects the respect for human beings.Masters of the guests have a fixed seat, have a fixed order of toast.When a toast from the beginning of the master King, owner of disrespect End, is not eligible for other people's respect, if the order of the chaos to deserve to be punished.And a toast from some of the most distinguished guests began to King, a toast to wine full time, that the toast was also a respect for human beings.The younger generation of elders, the lower a toast to the higher authorities to take the initiative to propose a toast, but also pay attention to the first King to do.The Xing Jiuling, Hua Quan, such as drinking etiquette, but also to allow people to drink more alcohol and enjoy the came into being.It is clear that the Chinese wine culture by young and old hierarchy of traditional Chinese culture, ethics, in the course of drinking alcohol on the respect for human beings on the most important position.The rituals of wine drinking in the West, reflect the respect for alcohol.Kam goods to wine and watch their color, smell their fragrance, flavor of their products, to mobilize all kinds of sensory enjoyment of wine.Goods in order to drink, pay attention to drink white wine after drinking red wine, the first products of light and then liquor products of the rich wine, to drink young wine to drink in the long years of wine, in accordance with the laws of taste changes gradually and in-depth Enjoy the taste of wine.The wine's choice, but also around how to fight the full enjoyment of those who drink wine to the requirements of choice.Aroma Cup together so that the tulip-mouth goblet, so full of wine-Shu start of the wine decanter, as well as to master the temperature of wine and drink products specially designed for the thermometer, all in the West reflect on the respect for alcohol, and their Ceremonial drinking, drinking culture is better to appreciate the delicious have been made.2.4 The difference between drinking purposes

In China, wine is often used as a tool, the so-called ulterior motives.Qing meizhuiu as to demonstrate who is a hero;Cup Mo Jiang Jin jiu stop in order to eliminate forever the same and Seoul worry;bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages, in order to Jiejiu asylum.Wine in the eyes of the Chinese people more as a communication tool in China's wine culture of wine for their own lack of scientific and systematic analysis and evaluation, but also about drinking after he brought a wonderful role.In the West, often drinking purpose is very simple, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol.Of course, wine in the West also has the function of communication, but it's more pursuing is how much of the flavor of wine to enjoy.3．Some problems that we should pay attention to on the westen drinking 3.1 The way of holding wine glasses Many Westerners agree with such a view that we can determine whether a man knows wine, whether it is a quality person from the way he holding wine glasses.Here the following is a summary of several etiquette when drinking and I think its very important.In the westen restaurant, in order to let the guests indentify the quality of the wine , the waiter usually pour a little wine to the guests.What you have to do is take a sip and if you think there is no problem you should say good to the waiter and then the waiter will pour wine in order to help you, then you should put the wine glass down on the table instead of get hands on the wine glasses.In the Western liturgy, the correct way is to pour half of filling the cup(champagne can be filled two-thirds of the wine glass), please do not fill the wine cup as we Chinese do.When drinking brandy, please use your whole hand to wrap the bottom of the cup in order to keep the temperature of the wine and increase the aroma of wine.When drinking wine you should hold the feet of the wine glass with your fingers because the wine should be drink in a lower temperature.So as to avoid your hand increase the temperature of the wine temperature, your should let your thumb and middle finger and index finger holding the feet of the cup and keep your little finger on the bottom of the cup.When you are drinking a little jiggle have contact with air to add the wine tastes mellow of fierce, but don't shake the cup.in addition, a gulp, and drink the wine glass to see through glass, and took the words and drinking and eating, drinking and the lipstick mark in the cup edge is considered improper behavior.When you are holding the cup please ensure that your elbows keep distance with the table.That is very important.3.2 Some drinking tips The most suitable temperature for drinking wine is 16 ~ 18 ℃, and the best temperature for drinking white wine is 8 ~ 12 ℃.White wine can be drink with ice, do not add anything when drink red wine.But when someone is drinking red wine, they usually like to add other drinks as color and so on, this is a very rude way I think.If your wine is which the kind of kept in a special cellar for many years in the wine sommelier then you should be cautious, or wine may be return to the bottom of the bottle back from Pingzui or blistering, and bottom of the sediment stirred up due to ”backlash“.And the bottle of wine should not be empty, please leave about an inch deep to the wine, because they may have a little reception for cloudy precipitate.In the Western table, you can toast, but do not persuade others to drink more like we Chinese usually do.And please ensure that you have an excessive drinking, and if you are a visitor three cups of wine will be suitable.If you do not want to drink because of some physical problems, you can politely say: ”I do not drink, thank you.“ Please pay attention to that your hand should not cover the cup.Finally, let me talk about the problem that whether we should have a cold drink with red wine.Europeans generally believe that only white wine needs cold beverages, when drinking red wine, the room temperature is suitable.A national wine-tasting expert stated that probably because of the different geographical and cultural backgrounds and they lead to people misunderstanding.The average temperature in Europe is about 15 ~ 18 ℃ or so.Moreover, only the possession of alcohol possession of the French underground wine cellar in their own place in the relatively cool, the general temperature is 12 ℃.Although the temperature difference between winter and summer, but there is no effect on the wine quality.In China, most of the summer temperature usually reaches 30 ℃.The so-called 15 ~ 18 ℃ temperature is also limited to the best Bordeaux and Burgundy wine flavors in terms of heavy, other than a light red wine in terms of taste, Maybe it tastes better a little cold again.This wine-tasting expert had drunk the wine in the hot sun under the irradiation of the so-called ”room temperature“ wine, he said: ”These 'hot wine' than 'hot beer', but also very hard to swallow."

And thus he has given such an advice: we do not have too rigidly about the wine temperature, if we feel not well with the wine temperature, wine, cool as ice bucket can be placed.In short, just choose what you like.4.Conclusion

From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that wine plays an important in our daily life.People’s life becomes colorful with it.As regards the wine culture, there exists difference between China and the western countries.The raw material and drinking custom is different in terms of geography.There also exist similarities.Both China and western countries have some beautiful legends about the origin of wine and the symbol wine of spirit, leading to the birth of romanticism and the development of mainstream belief.The development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations.Thus, communicating with other nations is helpful and indispensable to the development of wine culture.Some methods can be done to promote intercommunication.Nowadays, as we know, globalization is inevitable, so is the intercommunication of wine culture between countries.The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water but it has the character of fire.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.People, such as the emperors, the heroes, the liberators, the ordinary people, the beggars and the like, all like it since it appeared.Undoubtedly, the wine can be said as a riddle.People no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine.They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life There is no doubt that the wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine.With the rapid development of science and technology ,more and more people believe that wine culture is playing an important role in our life.While we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture.It is generally acknowledged that China is far away from the western countries.As a result, the way to drink is different.Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way to drink.There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists.For example, both China and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine.The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture.While wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being.In order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.References [1]陳少華．獨領風騷的中國酒文化[J]．科學中國人，1999，(2)：45—48．

[2]吳粵汕，戰(zhàn)吉成．中西方葡萄酒文化的差異與融合[J]．中國食品，2006，14：44． [3]秦暉．現代公民如何弘揚“漢語文化”IN]．南方周末，2007-01—25 [5]王祥云.中西方傳統(tǒng)文化比較[M].鄭州:河南人民出版社,2007(9).[6]徐行言.中西文化比較[M].北京:北京大學出版社,2004(9).[7]中西方文化差距比較

http://004km.cn 2010-3-31 來源：中國食品財富網 [8]周景勤.文化營銷——酒文化面面觀[J].出版參考 , 2006,(32)[9]從跨文化交際的角度解讀中西方酒文化 萬曉艷 甘肅科技縱橫 2009/03 [10]酒仙氣質與酒神精神——中西方酒文化比較 鞏玉麗 康定民族師范高等?？茖W校學報 2008/02 [11]金霞, 2004，《中華傳統(tǒng)文化養(yǎng)生—酒文化與養(yǎng)生，傳統(tǒng)文化與現代生活》。北京: 大[12]眾文藝出版社。

[13]康明官，2003，《酒文化問答》。北京: 化學工業(yè)出版社。[14]姚偉鈞，1989，《中國飲食文化探源》。南寧： 廣西人民出版社。[15]朱希祥、王從仁，2003，《酒趣》。上海: 學林出版社。

第五篇：中西酒文化對比文獻綜述

中西酒文化對比文獻綜述

姓名：何煌 班級：10級英語一班 學號：201041010125

摘要：酒是人類生活中的主要飲料之一。在人類文化的歷史長河中，它不僅是一種客觀的物質存在，而且是一種文化象征，即酒神精神的象征。酒文化源遠流長，品種繁多，是一個國家歷史發(fā)展和文化沉淀過程中不可缺少的一環(huán)。中西方文化價值觀存在著根本性的差異，酒文化也是一樣。本文通過比較中西方酒的源頭，釀酒原料與酒品的差異，酒文化核心的差異，酒的交際功能等方面的不同來分析和比較中西方酒文化差異，從而進一步闡述中西方文化差異，特別是價值觀方面的差異。關鍵詞：中國，西方，酒文化，比較

文化是人類在社會歷史過程中所創(chuàng)造的物質財富和精神財富的總和，中國和西方的酒文化差異，包括酒的釀造工藝和酒人文精神等的差異，都可以歸結為物質和精神兩大類。造成這些差異的原因是多方面的，不僅有地理環(huán)境、物產和風俗習慣等因素的不同，而且有生產方式、文化傳統(tǒng)等因素的不同，但是也不外乎客觀和主觀兩個方面。只要密切關注這兩個方面的變化，就能在一定程度上了解和把握中國和西方酒文化發(fā)展的脈搏，促進中西文化的交流與發(fā)揚光大。

酒被認為是酒神賜予人們的禮物。酒文化源遠流長。酒在人們日常的交際生活中起著重要作用。由于生活環(huán)境、歷史背景、傳統(tǒng)習俗、價值觀念、思維模式和社會規(guī)范等的不同，東西方（甚至國與國之間）的酒文化呈現出風格迥異、豐富多彩的民族特性。對東西方酒文化特性進行比較研究，頗有意義。東西方酒文化同中有異、異中有同，內容豐富。了解不同民族的酒文化，有助于人們成功地進行跨文化交際。

本文主要研究中西方酒文化在精神象征方面和風俗習慣中的差別。具體將從中西方酒文化所體現出的不同的釀酒技術、人文精神以及酒俗酒禮三個方面對本文主題進行闡述，本文旨在發(fā)揚中國酒文化，了解中西方酒文化，找出二者的差異，實現中西方酒文化的交流。

在中國的餐桌上，大家喝的酒一般是啤酒，如哈啤，青島啤酒，雪花啤酒等等，或是白酒，如茅臺，五糧液，北京二窩頭等等。在美國，喝啤酒的人很多。但是，我很少見

到美國人有直接喝酒精濃度很高的白酒，這和中國很不同。還有，我極少見到美國人在餐桌上互相敬酒，大家通常都是各喝各的。只有在某些特定場合，大家才會一同舉杯。這樣的時刻通常是在某人致辭之后，大家交相舉杯，祝福某人，為某人某事慶賀。仔細想想，可以發(fā)現：中國人飲酒重視的是人，要看和誰喝，要的是飲酒的氣氛；西方人飲酒重視的酒，要看喝什么酒，要的是充分享受酒的美味。中國的飲酒禮儀體現了對飲酒人的尊重。主人，客人都有固定的座位，都有固定的敬酒次序。敬酒時要從主人開始敬，主人不敬完，別人是沒有資格敬的，如果亂了次序是要受罰的。而敬酒一定是從最尊貴的客人開始敬起，敬酒時酒杯要滿，表示的也是對被敬酒人的尊重。晚輩對長輩、下級對上級敬酒要主動敬酒，而且講究的是先干為敬。而行酒令、劃拳等飲酒禮儀，也是為了讓飲酒人喝的更盡興而應運而生的。顯然，中國酒文化深受中國尊卑長幼傳統(tǒng)倫理文化的影響，在飲酒過程中把對飲酒人的尊重擺在最重要的位置上。而西方人飲用葡萄酒的禮儀，則反應出對酒的尊重。品鑒葡萄酒要觀其色、聞其香、品其味，調動各種感官享受美酒。在品飲順序上，講究先喝白葡萄酒后喝紅葡萄酒、先品較淡的酒再品濃郁的酒、先飲年輕的酒在飲較長年份的酒，按照味覺規(guī)律的變化，逐漸深入地享受酒中風味的變化。而對葡萄酒器的選擇上，也是圍繞著如何讓拼飲者充分享受葡萄酒的要求來選擇的。讓香氣匯聚杯口的郁金香型高腳杯、讓酒體充分舒展開的潷酒器、乃至為掌握葡萄酒溫度而為品飲專門設計的溫度計，無不體現出西方人對酒的尊重，他們的飲酒禮儀、飲酒文化都是為更好的欣賞美味而制定的。

無論是中國的豪飲，還是西方的品酒，都希望酒文化能夠在以后的時間里比較出更多更好的酒，也可以是酒文化得到發(fā)展和繼承，讓更多的人了解酒文化，欣賞酒文化！在中國，酒常常被當做一種工具，所謂醉翁之意不在酒。如青梅煮酒是為了論證誰是英雄；杯莫停的將進酒，為的是與爾同消萬古愁；竹林里狂歌的七賢，為的是借酒避難。酒在中國人眼里更多的是當作一種交際的工具，所以在中國的酒文化中缺乏對于酒本身進行科學而系統(tǒng)的理論分析和品評，更在意飲用他后帶來的美妙作用。在西方，飲酒的目的往往很簡單，為了欣賞酒而飲酒，為了享受美酒而飲酒。當然，在西方葡萄酒也有交際的功能，但人們更多的是追求如何盡情的享受美酒的味道。

比較中西方酒文化，可以發(fā)現，酒文化之間的差異其實就是中西方思維方式的差異。中國人喝白酒的多，西方人基本不喝白酒，以果酒和啤酒為主，中國酒禮可太多了，一時也說不清，各地都不相同，我有個朋友說，他有個外國朋友，外國朋友說過：“我們德國人喝的才叫酒，你們中國人喝的不叫酒，叫酒精”好了，把這個事寫到你的論文

中吧，這個外國人說的話說明了很多問題，我國酒的釀造工藝非常差，酒精直接對水，像法國的葡萄酒，要選上好的葡萄，還要用橡木桶封裝，工藝十分講究。

鑒于上述情況，中西酒文化對比主要研究的是中西方釀酒技術的差異、中西方酒俗的差異、中西方酒文化所折射出的人文精神的差異。酒文化是人類社會文化和歷史文化的投影，從一個側面反映出其所屬群族的文化本質。酒文化的差異就是其主體文化的差異，不同的飲酒習俗與釀酒技術和原料等，有助于我們加深對主體文化差異的認知。

參考文獻

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[4]李爭平，《中國酒文化》，北京，時事出版社，2007年。[5]鐵流，《中華酒文化大觀》，北京：當代中國出版社, 2000年。[6]王守國，《酒文化與藝術精神》，鄭州：河南大學出版社, 2006年。[7]吳克祥，《酒文化與酒水管理》，南京：南開大學出版社，2012年。[8]楊乃濟，《中西酒文化比較》，北京聯合大學學報，1994年第08期。[9]張愛敬，《酒文化》，青島：中國海洋大學出版社, 1999年。

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