第一篇：英語四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)4

英語四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)(4)

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the pangraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Art of Friendship

A)One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety.Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful--I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted.I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail.That's when it started to dawn on me--lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness.My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice.Now it hit me hard.My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me;when they left, they had taken my context with them.B)Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health.But my concerns were more short-term.I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you.I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends--women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did.Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life.The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C)After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger--a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again.As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be.Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity.Now there needs to be a reason to be friends.“There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends.Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship,” Danzig says.D)At first, finding new companions felt awkward.At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, “Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again,” agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta.“You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious.”

E)Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed.I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low.If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair.At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F)We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests--say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for--become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie.Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise.“In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me.Now's it's our shared values and activities that count.” Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G)Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in--or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective.Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician.“I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'” she jokes.“I get intimidated by people.But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly.” In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals.“I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy.” What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become(or are still becoming)back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H)Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself.As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was.An old chum has the goods on you.With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I)A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go.Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend.In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J)While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones.We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You “re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships.Keep in touch.Your friends should be a priority;schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are.Know her business.Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support.Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her.Speak your mind.Tell a friend(politely)if something she did really upset you.If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship.Accept her flaws.No one is perfect, so work around her quirks--she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative--to cut down on frustration and fights.Boost her ego.Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46.Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47.A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49.According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50.Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51.In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52.For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under ”stand her and erase her negative feeling.53.According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

54.As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55.With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.Section B

交友之道

A)數(shù)年前的一天晚上，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了焦慮中。事實上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康；我工作忙碌，事業(yè)有成。我只是隱隱約約感到情緒很低落，急需一個朋友能給我打打氣，跟我喝杯咖啡，聽我盡情發(fā)泄直到煙消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—這個國家的另一端。我撥通了她的電話，卻聽到要求留言的錄音。陰影從此開始籠罩著我，孤獨(dú)是我沮喪的根源。我的社交生活已經(jīng)減少到幾乎沒有，但不知何故，直到那一該，我才注意到這一點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在，這種感覺卻狠雛地撞擊著我。戈的那些老朋友們，從大學(xué)甚至孩提時代就已深交的密友，對我了如指掌，但他們一離開，也把我生活的環(huán)境一并帶走了。

B)研究表明，缺少社交生活對人的健康會產(chǎn)生長期的消極后果。還好，我妁焦慮期持續(xù)時間相當(dāng)短暫。l521在那時我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那種方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代噴油的想法是 錯誤的：他不能，即使他能，我又和誰傾訴我對丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定決心要結(jié)交新朋友，目標(biāo)是像我一樣——有孩子而且關(guān)注這個世界的婦女。因為我這樣交友的目的性更明確，我逐漸意識到，我是可以進(jìn)行選擇的，我實際上是可以設(shè)計我的社交生活的。當(dāng)然它的消極一面就是我感到非常害怕。

C)畢竟，在中年時期交友要比年輕時困難得多一——這是個客觀存在的顯示，與我聊過的女性曾不止一次地指出這一點(diǎn)。41歲的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戲劇導(dǎo)演，也是一位母親，1461她的看法是，在十幾歲、二十幾歲的時候，除了有特殊理由不能成為朋友的情況，人差不多可以跟所有人成為朋友。你的大學(xué)室友，至少余因為走得比較近而成為你最好的朋友。一現(xiàn)在，我們則需要理由才能成為朋友。Danzi9說，“有很多人，我跟他們在一起的時候很舒服，但我不會因此稱他們?yōu)榕笥?。舒適度還不足以維持真正的友誼?！?/p>

D)一開始的時候，尋找新的伙伴的確讓入有點(diǎn)尷尬。四十歲了，我無法像我四歲的女兒那樣在操場上碰到人就問：“能跟我做朋友嗎?”?！?9】 每次建立一群新關(guān)系，你就會又變得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧學(xué)博士，亞特蘭大壓力研究所的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，贊同這一看法。她說：“你是在問：?你愿意參與到我的生活中嗎??這使我們局促不安?！?/p>

E)幸運(yùn)的是，我的不適感很快就過去了。我意識到，作為一個尋找朋友的成年人，我變得脆弱的風(fēng)險其實是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的請求，那又如何呢?我不再是個初中生，那時我可能會因為穿不搭調(diào)的衣服或者發(fā)型不好看而被拒絕?！?4】到了我這個年紀(jì)。我已經(jīng)方足夠的自信，我以為我有足夠吸引對方的東西。

F)事實上，我們都很忙，以至于共同的興趣，譬如，我們?yōu)橹β档捻椖?、課程或事業(yè)，就成為把我們與建立伙伴關(guān)系的候選人聯(lián)系在一起的理想的催化劑。35歲的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地區(qū)一名教師及兩個孩子的母親，她說在教會結(jié)交的新朋友對她來說是一份驚喜?！?3】 Mertes說，上中學(xué)對，我是根據(jù)他們的受歡迎程度以及成為她們?nèi)ψ拥囊粏T可能對或盧生的影響來選擇朋友的?，F(xiàn)在，共同的價值觀和參加的勞動則成為我選擇朋友的關(guān)鍵因素。二她與一起組織教會的青年項目的好朋友，雖然性格不同，但她們的干勁和組織能力使她們成為彼此的理想好友。

G)令人高興的是，盡管結(jié)交新朋友是一件尷尬的事情，但自尊問題不是結(jié)交朋友需要考慮的因素—～否則，如果將自尊問題作為結(jié)交朋友的考慮因素，你也能很容易地洞察這一點(diǎn)。Danzig講述了她兒子所在的幼兒園的一個孩子的母親的故事。那位女士身材高大，美麗動八，嫁給了一位有名的搖滾音樂家?！拔以业恼煞蛘f，?對我來說她太酷了，”她開玩笑道?！爸車娜硕几嬲]我要警惕。但是，當(dāng)我跟她混熟了，才發(fā)現(xiàn)她原來是個非常悠閑而友好的人?！弊罱K，她們之間因為沒有“化學(xué)反應(yīng)”，沒能成為好朋友?！拔乙庾R到，我們不是同一類人，但這跟社會地位沒有關(guān)系。”【50】現(xiàn)在看來：中年友誼似乎能反應(yīng)你所屬的類型(或正在成為的類型)，從而加強(qiáng)你在生活中取得的進(jìn)展。

H)41歲的Harlene Katzman是紐約市的一名律師，她認(rèn)為，在她無法確定自已是否變樣的時候，最老的朋友知道她原來的樣子。她依然非常愛她們，她相信她們有時對問題的反應(yīng)能夠反映出她曾經(jīng)的樣子，擁有老朋友對你而言大有益處?！?5】而跟新交的朋友在一起：紜可以翻開新的一頁。

I)【47】新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助找到航行的方向。39歲的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉磯的一名律師，也是一位母親。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，她在工作中新結(jié)交的一個人，Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜歡和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一種感覺，這個健康且從事運(yùn)動事業(yè)的年輕女性能幫助她保持身材。

J)當(dāng)你忙著結(jié)交新朋友時，請記住，你仍需要與老朋友們培養(yǎng)感情。我們請Maria Paul，《友誼的危機(jī)：當(dāng)你不再是孩童時，如何尋找朋友、結(jié)交朋友與保持友情》的作者，告訴我們維持這些重要關(guān)系的最佳途徑。保持聯(lián)系。朋友至上。無論你有多忙，都要抽空定期與朋友吃頓飯或者喝杯咖啡閑聊。了解她的事業(yè)。知道朋友生活中經(jīng)歷的重要事件，并適時表示你的支持，打電話或者發(fā)郵件讓她知道你時刻都在想著她。坦誠相待。如果朋友確實做了讓你懊惱的事情，一定要(委婉地)告訴她。如果你不能完全坦誠的話，就需要重新審視這段關(guān)系。包容她的缺點(diǎn)。人無完人，因此不要糾結(jié)于她的怪癖～她經(jīng)常遲到或者她有一點(diǎn)消極——以減少挫折和斗爭。滿足她的自尊。真心的贊美使人感覺良好，所以要告訴她，你多喜歡她的新毛衣，她做了多么偉大的工作。

46．Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one?S middle age needed some reasons．LeslieDanzig認(rèn)為在中年交朋友需要一些理由。

【解析】C)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one?S middle age可定位至Cl段。該段中Danzi9說在十幾、二十幾歲的時候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但現(xiàn)在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒適度不足以維持真正的友誼?？梢娝J(rèn)為中年交友需要。一些理由。

47．A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like．選擇得當(dāng)?shù)男屡笥涯軒湍愠阆蛲姆较蚯斑M(jìn)。

【解析】I)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。該段首句指出：新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助你找到航行的方向。

48．A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable．

數(shù)年前，作者給遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的最好的朋友打電話，作者當(dāng)時很需要她卻沒人接，因此感到很孤獨(dú)沮喪。

【解析】A)。歸納題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是對整段的概括總結(jié)。

49．According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends．

KathleenHall覺得人們在剛開始結(jié)交新朋友的過程中會變得敏感，【解析】 D)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。該段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall認(rèn)為每次建立一種新關(guān)系，人就會變得脆弱、敏感。

50．Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU?ve made in your life．

中年友誼可以幫你認(rèn)清生活前進(jìn)的方向和鞏固進(jìn)步。

【解析】 G)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句?，F(xiàn)在看來，中年友誼似乎能反映出你所屬的類型(或正在成為的類型)，從而加強(qiáng)你在生活中取得的進(jìn)展。5 1．In Maria Paul?S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend?s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her／his good dressing and job．Maria Paul的書中寫到，要成為更好的朋友，你應(yīng)該和朋友保持聯(lián)系，關(guān)心朋友的工作，表達(dá)自己的思想，包容朋友的缺點(diǎn)，贊揚(yáng)朋友。

【解析】J)。歸納題。根據(jù)句子中的MariaPaul?Sbook可定位至文章末段。該段列舉如何鞏固和朋友的關(guān)系。句子是對整段的概括總結(jié)。

52．For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9．

對作者來說，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的負(fù)面感受。

【解析】 B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。

53．According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

Michelle Mertes認(rèn)為中年友誼的基石是共同的價值觀和參與的活動。

【解析】 F)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes說：上中學(xué)時，我是根據(jù)她們的受歡迎程度以及成為她們?nèi)ψ拥囊粏T可能對我產(chǎn)生的影響來選擇朋友的。現(xiàn)在，共同的價值觀和參加的活動則成為我選擇朋友的關(guān)鍵因素。

54．As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace．

作為一名成熟的交友者，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有足夠的自信發(fā)出邀請和坦然接受拒絕。

【解析】 E)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。該段中作者指出自己已經(jīng)成熟，能坦然接受對方的拒絕，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。

55．With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life．

和新朋友一起，你有機(jī)會呈現(xiàn)新面貌。

【解析】 H)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻開新的一頁。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同類表述。

第二篇：四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)及答案-3

四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)及答案（3）

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.長篇閱讀

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A)Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B)Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life.We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news.We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck.We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: “It won't happen to me.” Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster.That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it.We buy insurance.We stow away provisions.We even make disaster plans and run drills.But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us.It shouldn't be.Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority.Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption.Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household.We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users.When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters.And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

C)House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction.That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential.Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn.That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers.Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike.So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D)There are many ways to approach offsite storage.It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium.Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress.They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch.They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium.Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers.Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E)Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups.The options are endless.However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home.You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service.More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage.Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods.Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis F)Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster.Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information.Systems crash, kids “rearrange” data, adults inadvertently delete files.Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications.So, once again, it's important to be prepared.As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential.However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration.To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile.For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone.Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup.Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery.Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster G)When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind.Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions.Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions.With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state.Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution.Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades.A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office.You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H)Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise.However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road.So, don't wait another day.Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again.Then, rest easy.對應(yīng)題目： 1.You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2.For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3.You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4.The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5.It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6.You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7.Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8.The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9.The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10.You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案參考：

1.A 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。2.B 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句話，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。3.B 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒數(shù)第二句話。

4.C 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞most devastating causes定位到第一個小標(biāo)題下第一段的第一句話可知原文提到了家庭火災(zāi)和水災(zāi)是個人電腦危機(jī)的最具毀滅性的根源。5.C 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞back up our system及medium定位到第一個小標(biāo)題下第一段的最后一句話。

6.E 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一個小標(biāo)題下第三段的第一句話。

7.F 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞physical disaster定位到第二個小標(biāo)題下的前兩句話。8.F 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二個小標(biāo)題下的最后一句話。

9.G 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三個小標(biāo)題下第一段的第一句話。

10.H 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞prepare for your computer，總結(jié)文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

第三篇：英語四級段落翻譯練習(xí)(一)

段落翻譯

一、對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。

三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂嶋H上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

四、餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括： 1）搟皮、2）備餡、3）包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。

五、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的“新四大國粹”。

六、中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目，承載著豐富的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。

七、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“，源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

八、中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年?？曜庸艜r稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。

九、印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色

鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。

十、天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，2011年便是辛卯年。C

十一、京劇被譽(yù)為“東方歌劇”，是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。

十二、道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經(jīng)》為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。“成語”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。

十五、中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù)，是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領(lǐng)略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富，被譽(yù)為世界造園史上的淵源之一。

十六、筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展。“文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯?？梢哉f文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。

十七、中國書法（calligraphy），像中國漢字一樣，最初見于殷商時期（Yin or Shang Dynasty）。書法不是像寫字那樣僅僅是為了達(dá)到社會交流的目的，而是一種用來表達(dá)作者思想，抱負(fù)以及自身感情的藝術(shù)。作為中國上乘藝術(shù)世界特有的一個構(gòu)件，書法也是外國友人津津樂道或者掌握的最富挑戰(zhàn)性的藝術(shù)形式之一。學(xué)習(xí)中國書法，必須對中國文字的起源有所了解。書法這門藝術(shù)包含了很多理論，也需要很多技巧，能夠達(dá)到書法藝術(shù)最高境界的書法家并無幾人。十八、十二生肖（animal sign）在中國非常流行。十二屬相是一個用來紀(jì)年的十二年的循環(huán)（cycle）。長期以來，人們與十二生肖之間有著特別的關(guān)系。許多藝術(shù)形式都取材于十二生肖。屬相有其特別的文化內(nèi)涵，如屬鼠的人往往聰明，懂得積累財富。屬相還有助于在社交活動中得知別人的年齡。為了避免直接問及一個人的年齡，人們通常問他的屬相，這就可以確定他在十二生肖的排位。然而通常問屬相只是在朋友和熟人之間弄明白誰的年齡更大。

十九、農(nóng)歷正月十五日的元宵節(jié)（Lantern Festival）是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。自漢代（Han Dynasty）起中國人就開始慶祝元宵節(jié)了。如今元宵節(jié)已經(jīng)成為一個人們娛樂消遣的節(jié)日。節(jié)日期間，各地舉行各式各樣的燈節(jié)，街上會掛起形狀不同、大小各異的燈籠，引得無數(shù)游人駐足。另外還舉行猜燈謎、敲年鼓、耍龍燈、趕廟會等其他娛樂活動。元宵節(jié)另一個重要組成部分是吃元宵（也稱湯圓），很顯然它們是因為元宵節(jié)而得名的。

二十、師父/師傅是用來指大師或老師。通常用于武術(shù)（martial arts）的語境，表示一種教導(dǎo)關(guān)系。在中國大陸，師父/師傅是用來對需要知識或技術(shù)的各行各業(yè)的一種常見的尊稱，例如教師、司機(jī)、廚師、家庭裝飾人員以及某些行業(yè)和藝術(shù)中的一些長者，而且他們都有豐富的經(jīng)驗，例如繪畫與書法（calligraphy）。在現(xiàn)代俚語（slang）中，人們用這個詞來加強(qiáng)與其他人的關(guān)系，尤其是不太熟悉的人。

二十一、舞龍（dragon dance）是中國文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈與表演形式。舞龍最多出現(xiàn)于節(jié)日慶祝中，這與舞獅相似。在舞龍中，一隊人用竿舉著龍。傳統(tǒng)的龍在表演中的動作象征著它的歷史角色，即對力量和威嚴(yán)的表現(xiàn)。龍深深地扎根于中國文化之中，中國人經(jīng)常認(rèn)為自己是“龍的傳人”并將其作為民族身份的象征。東方和西方都存在著龍的文化。在西方的許多文學(xué)作品中都可以找到龍，而且這些龍與中國龍存在著巨大的差異。

二十二、放鞭炮（firecrackers）是春節(jié)慶祝時最盛行的習(xí)俗之一。在宋朝，人們用火藥制作鞭炮，代替以前的爆竹。最初，放鞭炮是為了驅(qū)趕邪惡，尋求幸福?，F(xiàn)在放鞭炮驅(qū)趕邪惡的用意逐漸淡化，更多的是為了增加節(jié)日的氣氛。由于燃放煙花爆竹會引起火災(zāi)和造成人身傷害，所以近來各地方市區(qū)都有規(guī)定禁止燃放煙花爆竹。盡管有禁止燃放煙花爆竹的規(guī)定，但很多市民還是會到鄉(xiāng)村、郊區(qū)放煙花來慶祝新年。

一、Chinese Dragon

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、Yangko Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、The Great Wall

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings

Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes.According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing.There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1)make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2)prepare the dumpling stuffing;3)make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.五、Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

六、Chinese Kung Fu

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing(Taijiquan), form and will boxing(Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm(Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.七、Chinese Characters

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “／”(the left-falling stroke), “＼”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).八、Chinese Chopsticks

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.九、Chinese Seal

A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others.The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC).The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square.Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies.It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.十、Chinese Era

The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years.The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui.The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.十一、Beijing Opera

Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China.It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China.Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance.Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting.The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan(young female), jing(painted face, male), and chou(clown, male or female).十二、Chinese Taoism

Taoism first originated in China.The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC).Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature.The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;The names that can be named are not unvarying names.It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.十三、Chinese Idioms

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.十四、Chinese silk

China is the home of silk.Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties(1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations.Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.十五、Chinese Classical Garden

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape.The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.十六、The Four Treasures of the Study

The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty(221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.After the Song Dynasty(960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province;huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province;xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province;and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province(Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.十七、Chinese Calligraphy Chinese Calligraphy, like character, first appeared during the Yin or Shang Dynasty.Calligraphy, unlike writing for the sole purpose of social communication, is an art used to express the ideas, accomplishments, and feelings of the calligrapher.Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts and one of the most challenging Chinese art forms for a foreigner to appreciate or master.Studying Chinese calligraphy one must learn something about the origins of Chinese characters.Calligraphy is an art of form that involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills;consequently there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest realm of calligraphy.十八、Animal Sign The 12 animal signs are very popular in China.The Chinese animal signs are a 12-year cycle used for dating the years.For a long time there has been a special relationship between humans and the 12 animal signs.The 12 animal signs are widely used in many art forms.These animal signs have specific cultural connotations.For example, people under the rat sign are usually smart and willing to accumulate wealth.The animal signs also serve a useful social function for finding out people’s ages.Instead of asking directly how old a person is, people often ask what his or her animal sign is.This would place that person’s age within a cycle of 12 years.More often, asking for animal signs is simply to know who is older among friends and acquaintances.十九、The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a traditional festival celebrated by Chinese on the 15th of the 1st lunar month.Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival since the Han Dynasty.Nowadays the Lantern Festival has become an occasion for people to entertain themselves and have fun.During the Lantern Festival, different lantern appreciation activities are held, lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.Other entertainments such as guessing riddles on lanterns, beating drums, playing dragon lanterns and going to fairs are also held.Another important part of the Lantern Festival is eating small dumpling balls, yuanxiao or tangyuan.Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself.

第四篇：新核心大學(xué)英語階梯閱讀3段落信息匹配題原文及翻譯

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Some Ways Artificial Intelligence 某些方面的人工智能 Will Affect Our Lives n n將影響我們的生活

A] Since the start of the 21st century,there's no question that mankind),因為21世紀(jì)的開始,毫無疑問,人類

has made tremendous strides into the field of robotics.已經(jīng)取得巨大的進(jìn)步在機(jī)器人技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。While moderm 而現(xiàn)代

robots can now replicate the movements and actions of humans,the 機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在可以復(fù)制人類的動作和行為

next challenge lies in teaching robots to think for themselves and react 下一個挑戰(zhàn)在于教學(xué)機(jī)器人為自己思考和作出反應(yīng) to changing conditions.不斷變化的環(huán)境。

The field of artificial intelligence promises 人工智能領(lǐng)域的承諾

to give machines the ability to think analytically,using concepts and 給機(jī)器分析思考的能力,使用的概念和

advances in computer science,robotics and mathematics.計算機(jī)科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,機(jī)器人技術(shù)和數(shù)學(xué)。

B]While scientists have yet to realize the full potential of artificial B]雖然科學(xué)家還沒有實現(xiàn)人工的全部潛力

intelligence,this technology will likely have far-reaching effects on 智慧,這種技術(shù)可能會產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響 human life in the years to come.人類生活在未來幾年。

Read on to learn about some of the 請繼續(xù)閱讀,了解一些的

surprising ways in which artificial intelligence impacts on your life 令人驚訝的人工智能的方式影響你的生活

today,and see how it could change things in the future 今天,看看它如何在未來可能會改變事情 Taming the Weather nnniin 馴服天氣nnniin C]Meteorologists(氣象學(xué)家）analyze large volumes of data in order to C]氣象學(xué)家(氣象學(xué)家)為了分析大量的數(shù)據(jù)

predict the weather,yet even the most experienced weatherman isn't 預(yù)測天氣,然而,即使是最有經(jīng)驗的氣象員不是 always accurate.總是準(zhǔn)確的。

Soon,scientists may be able to predict the weather 不久,科學(xué)家可以預(yù)測天氣 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

better by using artificial intelligence software, which can sift through 更好的利用人工智能軟件,可以篩選

complex data and spot patterns missed by the human eye.復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)和位置模式錯過了人類的眼睛。When this nn 當(dāng)這個神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

software sees a big storm coming it will automatically issue alerts to 軟件看到一個大風(fēng)暴來臨它會自動發(fā)出警報

warm residents and the media and this may help save lives nnn 溫暖的居民和媒體某某,這可能幫助拯救生命

D]By increasing the accuracy of weather predictions,artificial intelligence D)通過提高天氣預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性,人工智能

software may also offer important benefits to crop development,forestry 軟件也可能提供重要的好處作物開發(fā)、林業(yè) and agriculture.和農(nóng)業(yè)。

NASAtis even working on programs that will guide NASAtis甚至在項目指導(dǎo)工作

aircraft around potential storms and danger spots,even in remote areas, 飛機(jī)周圍潛在的風(fēng)暴和危險點(diǎn),即使在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū), which could increase the safety of air travel in the near future.這可能在不久的將來增加空中旅行的安全。Tackling Dangerous(or Boring)Tasks 應(yīng)對危險(或無聊)的任務(wù)

E]If you have a robotic vacuum cleaner in your home,you're already E)如果你有一個機(jī)器人吸塵器在你家里,你已經(jīng)

taking advantage of artificial intelligence to tackle one of life's more 利用人工智能應(yīng)對生活的更多 tedious tasks.單調(diào)乏味的任務(wù)。

These devices not only clean your floor according to 這些設(shè)備不僅根據(jù)清潔你的地板上

schedule,but are also able to maneuver around obstacles like stairs 時間表,但也能夠操作的障礙比如樓梯 furniture and even the cat.家具甚至貓。

Facilities with large turf areas,like golf 設(shè)施與大草地,像高爾夫球

courses,rely on similar technology to mow their lawns without the need 課程,依靠類似的技術(shù)不需要修剪草坪 for human intervention.人為干預(yù)。/ 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The same technology may soon allow robots to 同樣的技術(shù)可能很快讓機(jī)器人

perform boring or repetitive tasks along an assembly line,or even sort 沿著裝配線執(zhí)行無聊或重復(fù)性的任務(wù),甚至排序 trash and recycling at waste processing centers.垃圾和回收廢物處理中心。

F]Artificial intelligence may also allow machines to perform tasks too F]人工智能可能也會允許機(jī)器執(zhí)行任務(wù)

dangerous for humans,such as mining or firefighting.危險的人類,如采礦或消防。Some countries 一些國家

have already put smart robots to work disabling land mines and even 已經(jīng)將智能機(jī)器人禁用地雷,甚至工作

handling radioactive materials in order to limit the risk to human workers 處理放射性物質(zhì)以限制人類工人的風(fēng)險 Saving the Planet 拯救地球

G)With artificial intelligence,scientists may soon be able to use robots G)與人工智能,機(jī)器人科學(xué)家也許很快就能使用

or other devices to clean up the environment and reduce the effects of 或其他設(shè)備清理環(huán)境,減少的影響 air and water pollution.空氣和水的污染。

Advanced software programs will allow these 先進(jìn)的軟件程序?qū)⒃试S這些

achines to distinguish between biological organisms and potential achines區(qū)分生物有機(jī)體和潛力 ? ?

pollutants like oil or hazardous waste.像石油或危險廢物污染。Tiny microbes will consume 微小的微生物會消耗

waste products and leave good biological matter intact,minimizing 廢物,讓良好的生物物質(zhì)完整,最小化 damage to the ccosystem.ccosystem受損。

H Smart software can also limit the effects of air pollution from H智能軟件可以限制空氣污染的影響 manufacturing and industrial processes.制造業(yè)和工業(yè)過程。As factories burn fuel,they 隨著工廠燃燒燃料,他們 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? release byproducts in the form of carbon dioxide and other gases.Some 釋放二氧化碳和其他形式的副產(chǎn)品gases.Some of these factories already use artificial intelligence programs to identify 這些工廠已經(jīng)在使用的人工智能程序來識別

patterns during combustion and modify manufacturing processes to 在燃燒和修改生產(chǎn)過程模式 minimize pollution.減少污染。

Others rely on this software to capture dangerous 其他依賴這個軟件來捕捉危險

chemicals before they enter the smokestack and end up in the air outside 化學(xué)物質(zhì)在他們最終進(jìn)入煙囪,外面的空氣 Driverless Transport 無人駕駛運(yùn)輸

I] Imagine cars that warn you of potential obstacles to help you avoid 我想象汽車,提醒你幫助你避免潛在的障礙

accidents,or even allow you to sit back and take in the sites as they drive 事故,甚至讓你坐下來的網(wǎng)站,因為他們開車 themselves.他們自己。

Artificial intelligence may soon make all this possible,using 人工智能可能很快使這一切成為可能,使用

cameras,sensors(傳感器）and special software built into the vehicle 攝像頭、傳感器(傳感器)和特殊的軟件構(gòu)建到車輛

Manufacturers already rely on this technology to make backing up and 制造商已經(jīng)備份和依賴于這種技術(shù)

parking safer,while both the Toyota Prius“and certain Lexus”models 停車安全,而豐田普銳斯”和某些雷克薩斯”模型 can self-park at the touch of a button.可以在觸摸一個按鈕self-park。

J] Driverless trains carry passengers from city to city in Japan without the J]無人駕駛列車載客從沒有在日本城市

need for human help,and self-driving cars may be closer than you think.In 需要人類的幫助,無人駕駛汽車也許比你think.In更近

2010,Google began testing its own line of driverless cars,which rely on 2010年,谷歌開始測試自己的無人駕駛汽車,這依賴

lasers and sensors to spot obstacles,interpret signs and interact with traffic 激光和傳感器識別障礙,解釋并與交通互動跡象 and pedestrians.和行人。

Artificial intelligence not only takes the responsibility 人工智能不僅負(fù)責(zé)

away from the driver,but also eliminates the danger of distracted driving 遠(yuǎn)離司機(jī),還可以消除分心駕駛的危險 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? and boasts a reaction time much faster than that of any human.并擁有比任何人類的反應(yīng)時間快得多。Pushing the Limits of Space Exploration 把太空探索的極限

K] In the near future,advances in artificial intelligence will allow scientists K)在不久的將來,人工智能的進(jìn)步將允許科學(xué)家

to travel well beyond the limits of 20th-century space travel and explore 旅行遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出極限的20世紀(jì)的太空旅行和探索 ? ?

more of the universe beyond our solar system.Today.更多的太陽能system.Today超出了我們的宇宙。NASA relies on 美國宇航局的依賴

unmanned shuttles to xplore distant galaxies that would take yearst 無人駕駛航天飛機(jī)將yearst伊克斯托遙遠(yuǎn)的星系 for humans to reach.對人類。

Driverless land rovers also allow researchers to nnndiih 無人駕駛nnndiih路虎也允許研究人員

explore and photograph Mars and other planets,where inhospitable ndhnt 火星和其它行星探索和照片,荒涼ndhnt conditions make human exploration impossible.條件使人類探索成為不可能。These smart vehicles 這些智能車輛

sense obstacles,like craters,and find safe paths of travel around themii 感覺障礙,像火山口,找到環(huán)游themii的安全路徑 before returning to the shuttle.然后返回航天飛機(jī)。

D Artificial intelligence technology will also help scientists react moreit D人工智能技術(shù)還將有助于科學(xué)家moreit反應(yīng) quickly to emergencies during manned flights.迅速在載人飛行緊急情況。For example,a radio 例如,一個收音機(jī)

message from Mars takes roughly 11 minutes to reach Earth.消息來自火星約11分鐘到達(dá)地球。Rather than 而不是

waiting for advice from scientists on the ground when trouble arises.等科學(xué)家的建議在地面上時,問題就會出現(xiàn)。

astronauts will work with onboard software systems to spot and prevent 宇航員將與機(jī)載軟件系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)和預(yù)防 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? problems before they happen.在問題發(fā)生之前。Protect Your Finances 保護(hù)你的財務(wù)狀況

MI As of 2010,roughly half of world stock trades are driven by artif icial MI截至2010年,世界股票交易的大約一半是由artif icial intelligence-based software.智力的軟件。

These programs rely on algorithms(算法）這些程序依賴于算法(算法)to spot patterns in the market and predict price changes based on theseli 現(xiàn)貨市場模式和基于theseli預(yù)測價格變化 patterns.模式。

Some can even buy or sell shares based on these predictions, 一些甚至可以購買或出售股票基于這些預(yù)測, while others issue an alert to human brokers and advise them of the 而其他人類經(jīng)紀(jì)人和建議他們發(fā)出一個警報 changes to come.的變化。

This technology results in better performance and 這項技術(shù)更好的性能和結(jié)果 improved returns for investors.nniin 提高回報investors.nniin N] Artificial intelligence software may soon be able to protect consumers N]人工智能軟件也許很快就能保護(hù)消費(fèi)者

from fraud by spotting changes in spending or credit card use.從發(fā)現(xiàn)欺詐消費(fèi)或信用卡使用的變化。If cards 如果卡片

are lost or accounts are breached,the program can shut down the 丟失或賬戶違反,程序可以關(guān)閉了嗎

account and alert the holder of a potential problem to help limit losses 賬戶和警報的持有者潛在的問題來幫助限制損失 Staying Safc n 保持Safc n O]Artificial intelligence technology will soon help keep your family safe O)人工智能技術(shù)將很快幫助保持你的家人安全

by protecting it from intemational threats as well as home burglaries 通過保護(hù)它從國際威脅以及入室盜竊 ? ? The U.S.美國 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Department of Homeland Security relies on virtual smart 國土安全部依靠虛擬智能

agents to supplement its human workforee,or to replace an agent 代理來補(bǔ)充其人力workforee或替換一個代理 when he or she is unavailable.當(dāng)他或她是不可用。

The agency also incorporates artificial 該機(jī)構(gòu)還包括人工

intelligence software into its monitoring systems,which scan phone 智能軟件的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),掃描手機(jī) calls and other communications.電話和其它通訊。

These programs can sift through large 這些項目可以篩選

volumes of data quickly and are even capable of distinguishing between 卷的數(shù)據(jù)快速、甚至能區(qū)分

casual conversation and potential threat.隨意的談話和潛在的威脅。

P]Homes equipped with smarter security systems alert the homeowners P]房屋配備智能安全系統(tǒng)通知業(yè)主

and local law enforcement when an intruder enters the properties.While 和地方執(zhí)法當(dāng)入侵者進(jìn)入properties.While older systems simply relied on motion detectors and sensors,modern 舊系統(tǒng)僅僅依靠運(yùn)動探測器和傳感器,現(xiàn)代化

security includes artificial intelligence that allows the system tol 安全包括人工智能,它允許系統(tǒng)托爾

distinguish between occupants and unknown persons.(.區(qū)分居住者和未知的人。(。122 words)122字)(1)In the near future,scientists will explore the universe beyond our solar(1)在不久的將來,科學(xué)家們將探索宇宙超越我們的太陽能 system because of advances in artificial intelligence 因為先進(jìn)的人工智能系統(tǒng)

(2)Some factories use smart software to minimize pollution,while others use(2)一些工廠使用智能軟件將污染降至最低,而其他人使用

this software to capture dangerous chemicals before they end up in the air 這個軟件之前捕捉危險化學(xué)品在空氣中 outsidee 外部的

(3)The robotic vacuum cleaner not only cleans your floor according to(3)機(jī)器人吸塵器不僅清洗你的根據(jù)

schedule,but is also able to maneuver around obstacles like stairs,furniture 時間表,但也能夠操作障礙和樓梯一樣,家具 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? and even the cat.甚至貓。

(4)Since the start of the 21st century,mankind has made great progress(4)以來的21世紀(jì),人類已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步 into the field of robotics.機(jī)器人技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。

For example,modern robots can now copy the 例如,現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在可以復(fù)制

movements and actions of humans nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnniint 人類nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnniint動作和行動(5)The U.S.(5)美國

Department of Homeland Security depends on artif icial 國土安全部取決于artif icial intelligence technology to supplement work alongside its human workforce.智能技術(shù)與人類的勞動力補(bǔ)充工作。

or to replace an agent when he or she is unavailable.或替換一個代理當(dāng)他或她是不可用。

(6)HHomes equipped with modem security systems include artificial intelligence(6)HHomes配備現(xiàn)代安全系統(tǒng)包括人工智能 ? ?

that allows the system to distinguish between occupants and unknownl 允許系統(tǒng)區(qū)分居住者和unknownl persons.人。

(7)Artificial intelligence technology can help protect your family from nn(7)人工智能從神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)可以幫助保護(hù)你的家人 intenational threats and from home burglaries in the future.將來在家和國際威脅和盜竊。

(8)Self-driving cars which rely on lasers and sensors to spot obstacles,(8)自動駕駛汽車,依賴于激光和傳感器識別障礙, interpret signs and interact with traffic and pedestrians will appear in our 解釋符號和與交通和行人將出現(xiàn)在我們的互動 lives in the near future.生活在不久的將來。

(9)Artificial intelligence software can help to increase the accuracy of weather(9)人工智能軟件可以幫助提高天氣預(yù)報的準(zhǔn)確性 predictions 預(yù)測

(10)Artificial intelligence software may soon be able to protect consumers(10)人工智能軟件也許很快就能保護(hù)消費(fèi)者

from fraud by spotting changes in spending or credit card use 從發(fā)現(xiàn)欺詐消費(fèi)或信用卡使用的變化 / 66

? ? ? ? ? Notes 筆記

ONASA:(National Acronautics and Space Administration)關(guān)國國家航 ONASA:(國家Acronautics和宇宙航行局)關(guān)國國家航 空航天局。空航天局。Prius:普銳斯，豐田汽車公司產(chǎn)品系列之一 2普銳斯:普銳斯,豐田汽車公司產(chǎn)品系列之一 ③Lexus：雷克薩斯，豐田汽車公司產(chǎn)品系列之一 ③雷克薩斯:雷克薩斯,豐田汽車公司產(chǎn)品系列之一

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Nuclear 核

A However radiation i a fact of ife--we are all exposed to radation 然而輻射我的人生——我們都暴露于radation from natural sources every day-and the various uses of nuclear energy 從自然資源每天各種利用核能

contribute only a small addition to that natural radiation.貢獻(xiàn)很小,天然輻射。What is radiation? 輻射是什么? B.B。

In the broadest sense,radiation is energy that is transmitted in the form 在最廣泛的意義上,輻射是能量傳播的形式 of waves or particles.波或粒子。

There are many types of radiation.有許多類型的輻射。Visible light is / 66

可見光是

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? the most obvious.最明顯的。

Microwaves,radio waves,and television signals are 微波、無線電波和電視信號

other forms of radiation that are common in our daily lives.其他形式的輻射在我們的日常生活中很常見。These are al 這是阿爾

non-ionizing radiation.非電離輻射。

nnnnnnnnnn nnnnntint nnnnnnnnnn nnnnntint CIThe various types of radiation associated with the use of nuclear cnergy CIThe各種類型的輻射與核cnergy的使用 ? ?

are categorized as ionizing radiation.分為電離輻射。

That means the radiation has 這意味著輻射

sufficient chergy to produce ions when it interacts with matters,i.e.it 足夠chergy產(chǎn)生離子相互作用問題,i.e.it can eject an electron from an atom.可以從一個原子逐出一個電子。

D]A simplified picture of an atom has a nucleus composed of protons D]一個簡化的照片一個原子的原子核由質(zhì)子

and neutrons,surrounded by clectrons orbiting like the planets around 和中子,周圍clectrons軌道周圍的行星 the sun.太陽。

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic 原子核中的質(zhì)子數(shù)決定了原子

number,which gives the atom or element its characteristics,while the 數(shù),使原子或元素的特征,而

total of the protons and neutrons determines the atomic weight.Many 總原子weight.Many質(zhì)子和中子的決定了

elements have different isotopes which,because they have the same 元素有不同的同位素,因為他們有相同的

number of protons,are identical,physically and chemically,but have 數(shù)量的質(zhì)子,是相同的,物理和化學(xué),但是

different numbers of neutrons and therefore differ in atomic weight.不同數(shù)量的中子,因此不同原子量。

E]Most elements or nuclides found in nature are stable but a few are / 66

E]大多數(shù)元素或核素在自然界發(fā)現(xiàn)的是穩(wěn)定的,不過也有少數(shù)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? radioactive;that is,they emit radiation as they decay to a stable form.放射性的;也就是說,他們放出輻射衰減穩(wěn)定形式。

Example are uranium,radium and a nuclide we all have in our bodies.例子是鈾、鐳和核素我們都有我們的身體。

potassium-40*,one of the isotopes of naturally occurring potassium.40 *的一個同位素天然鉀。

F]These radioactive nuclides emit forms of radiation often referred to as a F]這些放射性核素發(fā)出的輻射通常被稱為形式 nuclear radiation.核輻射。

There are three basic types of nuclear radiation:alpha 有三種基本類型的核輻射:α

particles;beta particles and gamma rays.β粒子,粒子和伽馬射線。Alpha particles are produced 阿爾法粒子產(chǎn)生

from the radioactive decay of heavy clements such as uranium.從等重型克萊門茨鈾的放射性衰變。They are 他們是

composed of two neutrons and two protons identical to the nucleus of 由兩個質(zhì)子和兩個中子相同的核心 a helium atom.一個氦原子。

Because of their relative size and electrical charge from 因為它們的相對大小和電荷

the two protons,alpha particles can travel only a very short distance 兩個質(zhì)子,阿爾法粒子可以旅行只有很短的距離 in any material.在任何材料。

For example a normal sheet of paper can stop alpha 例如一個正常的紙可以停止α particles.nnnn particles.nnnn G]Beta particles are electrons that come from transformation of a neutron G)β粒子是電子來自一個中子的變換 in the nucleus of an atom to a proton.原子的原子核中質(zhì)子。

They can travel up to about five 他們可以旅行大約5 meters in air and one centimeter in tissue.米在空氣中,在組織1厘米。

H]Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation similar to X-rays./ 66

H]伽馬射線是電磁輻射類似于x射線。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Unlike the 不像 ? ?

latter,which are produced by machines,gamma rays are emitted from 后者是由機(jī)器,發(fā)出伽馬射線

the nucleus of a radioactive atom that is in an excited state.Gamma 細(xì)胞核的放射性原子state.Gamma的興奮

rays travel at the speed of light and can penetrate long distances in air 射線旅行以光的速度在空氣中,可以穿透很長一段距離 and tissue.和組織。

Several centimeters of lead or meters of water are needed to 幾厘米的鉛或米的水需要

stop typical gamma rays such as those from cobalt-60,which is used for 阻止典型的伽馬射線如鈷60,用于 cancer therapy 癌癥治療

What are the sources of nuclear radiation? 核輻射的來源是什么? 1]Most of the radiation we receive comes from natural sources.These 1)大部分的輻射sources.These我們收到來自自然

include cosmic rays from space and naturally occurring radioactive 包括來自太空的宇宙射線和天然放射性 elements.元素。

The largest source is from radon”,a gaseous radioactive 最大的來源是放射性氣體氡”

daughter product from the decay of radium.女兒從鐳的衰變產(chǎn)物。Radon decays to solid 氡衰變到固體

radioactive particles which,if inhaled,can remain in our lungs or 放射性粒子,如果吸入,可以留在我們的肺 respiratory tracts.呼吸道。

Since radium is present in many rocks,radon is 因為鐳是出現(xiàn)在許多巖石,氡 very pervasive.非常普遍。

Outside,radon is dispersed,but in buildings,the radon 外面,氡是分散的,但在建筑,氡

that comes from building materials or from the surrounding earth can / 66

來自建筑材料或從周圍的地球

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? accumulate to significant levels 積累顯著水平

J]The next significant source of ionizing radiation is from medical diagnosis J]第二電離輻射來自醫(yī)療診斷的重要來源 and treatment.和治療。

X-rays are common for many medical examinations and 許多醫(yī)學(xué)檢查和x射線是常見的

various radioisotopes are used in a wide number of diagnostic procedures 各種放射性同位素用于廣泛的診斷程序

High energy X-rays,accclerator beams and gamma radiation from 高能x射線,accclerator梁和伽馬輻射

cobalt-60*are used for the treatment of cancer.鈷60 *用于治療癌癥。In this case,large doses of 在這種情況下,大劑量的

radiation are given deliberately to the cancerous tissue while avoiding.輻射有故意癌組織,同時避免。

as much as possible,the surrounding healthy tissues.盡可能多的,周圍的健康組織。

K]Finally,X-rays and radioactive elements are used in various industrial K)最后,x射線和放射性元素被用于各種工業(yè)

processes such as radiography,for measurement,and in research.Irradiation 過程,如攝影,測量,和research.Irradiation facilities using large quantities of cobalt-60 are used for the sterilization of 設(shè)施使用大量的鈷60用于滅菌的

medical equipment and,in many countries,for the irradiation of food 醫(yī)療設(shè)備,在許多國家,輻照的食品 to kill dangerous organisms.殺死危險的生物。

Nuclear reactors produce radiation and 核反應(yīng)堆產(chǎn)生輻射和 ? ?

radioactive clements through the fission process but these are confined 放射性克萊門茨通過裂變過程,但這些限制 by shielding and containment.保護(hù)和控制。

How is radiation measured? 如何測量輻射? D]Because of its ionizing propertics,nuclear radiation is relatively easy to D]由于其電離propertics,核輻射是相對容易的 measure./ 66

衡量。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The basic unit of radiation dose is the ?gray'.However,since 輻射劑量的基本單位是“灰色”，various forms of ionizing radiation have different effects on the human 各種形式的電離輻射對人類有不同的影響

body,a special unit of measurement for radiation dose to humans is 的身體,特別對人體輻射劑量的測量單位

used,the sievert,which takes into account these differences.使用,西韋特,考慮這些差異。Since the 自

sievert is a relatively large value,typical levels of dose are cxpressed in 西韋特是一個相對較大的值,典型的劑量cxpressed在水平millisieverts,one-thousandth of a sievert 毫西弗,1000西韋特

What are the effects of radiation? 輻射的影響是什么? MI Like many other things,the effect of radiation depends on the dose.MI和許多其他東西一樣,取決于輻射劑量的影響。

Very large doses,in the order of 5 000 millisievert or more,can be 非常大的劑量,在5 000毫西弗以上的順序,可以 lethal.致命的。

Smaller doses can produce cancer after many years.多年后小劑量可以產(chǎn)生癌癥。There is still 仍有

uncertainty about the effect of very small doses such as we receive from 不確定性的影響非常小劑量等我們收到 man-made sources.人為來源。

In many locations in the world the dose of radiation 在世界上許多地方的輻射劑量

from natural sources is many times that of the average given above.從自然資源平均上面給出的許多倍。

yet there is no evidence that the people living in those areas have any 然而,沒有證據(jù)表明這些地區(qū)的居民

increased rate of cancer or other undesirable effects.增加的癌癥或其他不良影響。Recent research 最近的研究

in Japan and France has shown that small doses of radiation can be 在日本和法國已經(jīng)表明,小劑量的輻射 beneficial in the treatment of disease./ 66

有利于疾病的治療。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BN] The effects of radiation on humans have been studied extensively.BN)輻射對人類的影響已被廣泛的研究。

both at the biological level and through cpidemiology.在生物層面上和通過cpidemiology。Among the 在

epidemiological studies,the largest has been that of the Japanese 流行病學(xué)研究中,最大的是日語

survivors of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasak 廣島原子彈爆炸的幸存者和Nagasak This has provided the basis for regulatory standards around the world.這提供了全球監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)。

In addition,there have been studies of uranium miners,of workers who 此外,有研究鈾的礦工,工人

used radioactive paint in the 1920s,of those exposed to the fallout from 使用放射性油漆在1920年代,這些暴露的影響 ? ?

the Chernobyl accident of 1986,and many others.1986年的切爾諾貝利事故,和許多其他人。

O]Regulations in all developed nations ensure that the radiation dose O)規(guī)定在所有發(fā)達(dá)國家確保輻射劑量

received by the public or workers from manmade sources is very small.受到公眾或工人人為來源非常小。

In Canada,the maximum allowable dose to members of the public from 在加拿大,公眾的最大容許劑量 any nuclear activity is I mSv per year.任何核活動是每年我毫西弗。In practice,the actual dose is less 在實踐中,實際劑量更少

than one-hundredth of that.(1.062 wordy 比一百。(1.062冗長

(1)Radon,the largest source of radiation we encounter,comes from building(1)氡輻射我們遇到的最大來源,來自建筑 materials or from the surrounding earth 材料或地球周圍

(2)Although certain doses of radiation do harm to our body,recent research in(2)盡管特定劑量的輻射傷害我們的身體,最近的研究

Japan and France has shown that small doses of radiation can be beneficial 日本和法國已經(jīng)表明,小劑量的輻射可以是有益的 in the treatment of disease.在疾病的治療。

(3)X-rays,a source of ionizing radiation,are common for many medical / 66

(3)x射線,電離輻射的來源,為許多醫(yī)學(xué)是很常見的

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? examinations and various radioisotopes are used in a wide number of 考試和各種放射性同位素在廣泛的使用 diagnostic procedures.診斷程序。

(4)Emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom,gamma rays travel at the(4)發(fā)出一個放射性原子的原子核,伽馬射線旅行時

speed of light and can penetrate long distances in air and tissue.光速和長途可以穿透空氣和組織。

(5)In our daily lives,we find many forms of non-ionizing radiation that(5)在日常生活中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)許多形式的非電離輻射 include microwaves,radio waves,and television signals.包括微波、無線電波和電視信號。

(6)Smaller doses of man-made radiation may produce cancer after many years.(6)小劑量的人造輻射多年后可能會產(chǎn)生癌癥。

(7)X-rays can also be used in various industrial processes,for measurement.(7)x射線,也可用于各種工業(yè)過程測量。

and for the irradiation of food to kill dangerous organisms.和輻照食品殺死危險的生物。

(8)Alpha particles which are produced from the radioactive decay of heavy(8)阿爾法粒子的放射性衰變產(chǎn)生的重

elements can travel only a very short distance in any material.元素可以旅行在任何材料只有很短的距離。

(9)A simplified picture of an atom has a nucleus composed of protons and(9)一個簡化的照片一個原子的原子核由質(zhì)子和

neutrons,surrounded by electrons orbiting like the planets around the sun.中子,電子軌道環(huán)繞行星圍繞太陽。

110)Regulations in all developed nations make sure that the radiation dose 110)規(guī)定在所有發(fā)達(dá)國家確保輻射劑量

received by the public or workers from manmade sources is very small 受到公眾或工人人為來源非常小 ? ? / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Eat More Fish;Risks Overstated 多吃魚;風(fēng)險被夸大了

A] Nutritional advice is usually straightforward.營養(yǎng)建議通常是簡單的。There are things we're 我們有事情

supposed to eat more of:vegetables,fruit,whole grains.應(yīng)該多吃蔬菜、水果、全谷物。There are things 有些事情

we're supposed to eat less of:trans fats“,added sugars,anything coated 我們應(yīng)該少吃:反式脂肪”,添加糖,任何涂層 with salty orange dust.與咸橙色的塵埃。And then there's fish.然后還有魚。

We're supposed to cat 我們應(yīng)該只貓

more of it because it has healthful omega-3 fats”.更多的因為它有健康的ω-3脂肪”。But we're supposed to 但我們應(yīng)該

eat less of it because it's full of environmental contaminants.Balancing 少吃它,因為它的環(huán)境contaminants.Balancing the risks and benefits is hard,even for the doctors and scientists in the 風(fēng)險和收益是困難的,甚至的醫(yī)生和科學(xué)家 field.字段。

Lacking sound advice,it's all but impossible for those of us trying 缺乏合理的建議,都是不可能的嘗試 simply to decide what's for dinner.只是決定晚餐吃什么。B.B。

Consider salmon.考慮鮭魚。

According to the joint advisory issued by the Food 根據(jù)聯(lián)合咨詢發(fā)布的食品

and Drug Administration“and the Environmental Protection Agencyt, 藥品監(jiān)督管理局”和環(huán)境保護(hù)Agencyt / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? salmon is low in mercury(水銀）and safe even for pregnant women.三文魚是低汞(水銀)和安全甚至對孕婦。

Yet the Environmental Defense Fund,an advocacy group,suggests that 然而,環(huán)境保護(hù)基金會,一個游說團(tuán)體,表明

all adults-not just pregnant women-limit wild salmon(except for 所有成年人只是懷孕women-limit野生鮭魚(除了

Alaskan)to one serving per month and farmed salmon to no more than 阿拉斯加)一份每月不超過和養(yǎng)殖鮭魚 two,because of PCB contamination.2、由于PCB污染。

This kind of disparity raises two 這種差異引發(fā)了兩個

questions:what do we know about fish,and what do we know about the 問題:我們知道魚,我們知道 advice we're getting about fish? 建議我們把魚? C]We certainly know that there are benefits from eating fish and risks from C]我們當(dāng)然知道有好處從吃魚和風(fēng)險 eating contaminants.吃的污染物。

The advantages are mostly attributed to long-chain 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要是由于長鏈

omega-3s,polyunsaturated fats that are found in almost all fish,and ω-3脂肪酸,多不飽和脂肪中發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的魚,和 almost exclusively in fish.幾乎只在魚。

The best-established benefits are reduction 最有成就的好處是減少

of heart disease risk and,in the case of pregnant women,improved 患心臟病的風(fēng)險,在孕婦的情況下,改善

neurodevelopment(神經(jīng)發(fā)育）in fetuses(船兒）and young children.But 在胎兒神經(jīng)發(fā)育(神經(jīng)發(fā)育)(船兒)和年輕children.But there's also a slate of less well-established benefits,ranging from reduced 還有一個石板的完善的福利,從降低 stroke risk to mood elevation.中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險情緒提升。

D)The risks come from mercury and PCBs,both byproducts of industrial D)的風(fēng)險來自汞和多氯聯(lián)苯,工業(yè)的副產(chǎn)品 processes.流程。

These contaminants accumulate in fish tissue;they become 這些污染物積聚在魚組織,他們成為

more concentrated as you go up the food chain as the bigger fish eat 更多的集中在食物鏈的大的魚吃 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? smaller,contaminated fish.小,受污染的魚。

Fish are the only predators we eat regularly, 我們經(jīng)常吃魚是唯一的捕食者, and long-lived predator species such as swordfish and tilefish generally 和長壽的食肉動物物種如劍魚和方頭魚 have the highest contaminant levels.污染物最高水平。

Fish are also contaminated with 魚也污染了

dioxins,which are a byproduct of incineration(火葬).二惡英,焚燒的副產(chǎn)品(火葬)。But that concen 但這農(nóng)用地

intt fish-specifie because dioxins are found up and down the food 上下intt fish-specifie因為二惡英是發(fā)現(xiàn)食物

thain and wwe get more dhoxins from meat and airy than fronm fishnnntint 塞恩和wwe得到更多dhoxins從肉類和艾里fronm fishnnntint e In recent years, several scientific organization's have tried to weieh it近年來,一些科學(xué)組織試圖weieh它

the risks of cating fish against the benefitsFor pregnant women,their ih 介質(zhì)的風(fēng)險魚對benefitsFor孕婦、嬰幼兒血管瘤

advice is in line with that of the well-known FDA/EPA joint advisor mt 著名的建議是符合FDA /環(huán)保局聯(lián)合顧問太

lssued in 2004:eat up to 12 ounces of fish per week,focusing on low-hhh 2004年lssu:每周吃12盎司的魚,關(guān)注低收入終極戰(zhàn)士

mercury fish and avoiding the four highest-mercury fish(swordfish.汞和避免四個汞魚(旗魚。shark,tilefish and king mackerel).鯊魚、方頭魚和鯖魚)。For other adults.對于其他成年人。the advice could be nnt 建議可以例數(shù)十分 summarized as eat fish”.概括為吃魚”。

Dariush Mozaffarian of the Harvard Schoo Dariush哈佛商學(xué)院的研究

of Public Health,a member of the FAO/WHO panel,sums up the state 公共衛(wèi)生的糧農(nóng)組織/世衛(wèi)組織專家小組的成員,總結(jié)

of fish science:“As long as you're not a pregnant woman,the evidence 魚的科學(xué):“只要你不是孕婦,證據(jù) / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? suggests that the balance is always toward net benefit.表明,平衡總是向凈效益?！盇lthough it's “雖然這是

theoretically possible that a fish could be so high in contaminants and 理論上,一條魚可以如此之高的污染物

low in omega-3s that it could do you more harm than good,no such 低的ω-3脂肪酸,它可以做你弊大于利,沒有這樣的 fish has been found.魚被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Even so,if you eat more than two servings of fish 即便如此,如果你多吃兩次魚

per week,his group advises that you don't always eat the same type,soi 每一周,他的小組建議你不要總是吃同樣的類型,soi you're not eating one contaminant over and over 你不是吃一污染物

FISo why aren't we all just eating fish and not worrying about it?Because FISo我們?yōu)槭裁床怀贼~,不擔(dān)心嗎?因為

of warnings such as those from the Environmental Defense Fund.Its 環(huán)境保護(hù)的警告如Fund.Its guide to fish consumption lists 21 species of which adults should eat 魚類消費(fèi)指南列出了21種的成年人應(yīng)該吃

no more than one serving per month,and that's “assuming no other 每月不超過一個服務(wù),這是“假設(shè)沒有其他 contaminated fish is consumed.受污染的魚被消耗。

““We have smart,well-meaning scientists ”“我們有聰明,善意的科學(xué)家

who have been educated in this framework,in which you assess risk and 一直在這個框架,評估風(fēng)險和嗎 come up with tolerable intakes.想出容許攝入量?！盨omeone says.”有人說。

But that's the wrong 但這是錯誤的

framework,he says,because you don't eat pure contaminants,you eat 框架中,他說,因為你不吃純污染物,你吃的東西 fish,and you can't get the risks without the benefits 魚,你不能沒有利益的風(fēng)險

G]There is another problem with risk-only advisories:the issues with the G)風(fēng)險報告的另一個問題:問題

FDA/EPA safe thresholds for mercury and PCBs.FDA / EPA汞和多氯聯(lián)苯的安全閾值。/ 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? For mercury,that 汞, threshold is 0.閾值是0。

I micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day.For 我微克每千克體重每天大件

a 150-pound person,that would be fewer than seven micrograms a day 一個150磅重的人,這將是一天少于七個微克

For PCBs,it's a more complex calculation of cancer risk called a cancer 對多氯聯(lián)苯來說,這是一個更復(fù)雜的計算癌癥風(fēng)險稱為癌癥 slope factor.斜率因子。

Both those numbers raise problems.這兩個數(shù)字提高問題。The threshold for 的門檻

mercury was developed with reference to fetal neurodevelopment and.水星是參照胎兒神經(jīng)發(fā)育和發(fā)展起來的。

because the EPA doesn't issue separate numbers for separate groups.因為美國環(huán)保署沒有問題單獨(dú)編號為獨(dú)立的團(tuán)體。

it set the threshold at the level advised for pregnant women,the most 它設(shè)置閾值水平建議孕婦,最多 vulnerable subset of the population.脆弱的子集的人口。

HI The PCB threshold was developed in 1997,from rat studies.Since 嗨PCB閾值是在1997年開發(fā)的,從老鼠studies.Since then,researchers have questioned the applicability of the data to human 然后,研究人員質(zhì)疑數(shù)據(jù)的適用性

risk,and in 2003 a review of all available research concluded that“the 風(fēng)險,2003年回顧所有可用的研究得出結(jié)論,“

weight of evidence does not support a causal association for PCBs and 重量的證據(jù)并不支持對多氯聯(lián)苯和因果關(guān)聯(lián) human cancer.人類癌癥。

“That conclusion was echoed in a follow-up 2009 study.“這一結(jié)論是回蕩在2009年的后續(xù)研究。

So not only do the EDF warnings fail to account for the benefits of 所以不僅EDF警告不能占的好處

eating fish,they may also be overstating the risks.吃魚時,他們也可能夸大了風(fēng)險。And it's not just the 而且不只是

EDF:The Natural Resources Defense Council,Physicians for Social 法國電力公司(EDF):美國自然資源保護(hù)委員會,醫(yī)生的社會 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Responsibility and other groups issue similar warnings,and the EPA 責(zé)任和其他團(tuán)體的問題類似的警告,美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署 thresholds underpin many guides to eating seafood.閾值支撐許多指南吃海鮮。The Monterey 蒙特雷

Bay Aquarium uses the EDF's evaluation to put red asterisks(星號）灣水族館使用EDF的評價將紅色星號(星號)next to fish whose consumption should be limited “due to concerns 旁邊的魚由于擔(dān)憂的消費(fèi)應(yīng)該是有限的” about mercury or other contaminants.關(guān)于汞或其他污染物?！?Many states put out similar “許多州相似

warnings,and a 2008 study of those advisories found that not a 警告,2008年的一項研究報告發(fā)現(xiàn),不是一個

single one emphasized benefits as much as risks,and 25 percent of 一個強(qiáng)調(diào)利益盡可能多的風(fēng)險,和25%的 advisories didn't mention benefits at all.報告沒有提到的好處。Fitzgerald points out that the 菲茨杰拉德指出

data from peer-reviewed research don't tell the whole story of risk.數(shù)據(jù)來自同行評議研究不要告訴整個故事的風(fēng)險。

There is anecdotal evidence for neurological(神經(jīng)學(xué)的）problems from 神經(jīng),有傳聞(神經(jīng)學(xué)的)問題

consumption of mercury-mostly subtle neurological problems 消費(fèi)mercury-mostly微妙的神經(jīng)問題

including impairment of peripheral(神經(jīng)未精區(qū)域的）vision, lack of 包括外圍減損(神經(jīng)未精區(qū)域的)視野,缺乏

coordination of movement and muscle weakness.協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動和肌肉無力。And experts on both 和專家都

sides of this question agree that it is theoretically possible to get mercury 這個問題的同意,理論上是可以得到汞

poisoning from eating a lot of high-mereury fish.從很多high-mereury吃魚中毒。We don't know how 我們不知道如何去做

much is too much,but it is more than Americans customarily eat.太多太多,但它是美國人通常吃多。/ 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? U But not eating fish is also dangerous.你但不吃魚也是危險的。

As Mozaffarian and his colleagues 莫札法里恩和他的同事們

at Harvard point out,the risk of dying from heart disease is about 50 哈佛大學(xué)指出,死于心臟病的風(fēng)險約為50 pereent higher among people who don't eat fish than among those who pereent中更高的人比那些不吃魚

get one or two servings of a high-fat fish each weck.得到一個或兩個份高脂肪魚類每個盡情。Since the average 因為平均

American cats 15.8 pounds of fish and shellfish a year,the risk of too 美國的貓15.8磅的魚類和貝類,太多的風(fēng)險 little fish seems to be the bigger threat.小魚似乎是更大的威脅。And it's a threat that those risk 這是一個威脅,這些風(fēng)險

only advisories-and even some of the more balanced advisories-只報告和甚至一些更加平衡的建議

may be contributing by scaring people away from eating fish.可能會被嚇跑的人貢獻(xiàn)從吃魚。

J Jay Shimshack,an assistant professor of economics at Tulane University J Jay Shimshack助理杜蘭大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授

in New Orleans,has studied consumer response to fish advisories.在新奧爾良,研究消費(fèi)者對魚警告。

particularly the 2001 FDA warning about mercury in fish,which had 特別是2001年FDA警告魚中的汞,這

the unintended consequence of decreasing overall fish consumption-減少總體魚消費(fèi)——的意想不到的后果

not just of high-mercury fish,and not just among pregnant women.不僅對魚,而不只是在懷孕婦女中。

Even when an advisory is carefully crafted and notes the benefits of 即使一個顧問精心和筆記的好處

fish,people take away a message of danger.魚,人們帶走危險的消息?！癕y research suggests that “我的研究表明

people may be overly focused on the negative aspects and not focused 人們可能會過于關(guān)注負(fù)面和不專注 on benefits,” says Shimshack.好處,”Shimshack說。

Mozaffarian notes that people tend to be 研究指出,人們傾向于 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? more frightened by the threat of a harm than encouraged by the promise 害怕被傷害的威脅比鼓勵的承諾 of a benefit.的好處。

“People get confused;they get the wrong message.” “人們感到困惑,他們得到了錯誤的信息?！?/p>

K]While we're waiting for advisories to improve,the best advice is simply K)當(dāng)我們等待報告改善,最好的建議就是簡單

to eat fish;the data show that the benefits outweigh the risks.吃魚,數(shù)據(jù)表明,利益大于風(fēng)險。If you're 如果你

pregnant,follow the FDA/EPA guidelines.懷孕了,遵循FDA / EPA指導(dǎo)方針。If you're not,mix up your 如果你不是,我的混淆

species,and be sure to include smaller,bottom-of-the-food-chain fish.If 物種,一定要包括規(guī)模較小、bottom-of-the-food-chain fish.If you're an angler(垂釣者),check with local authorities for contaminant 你垂釣者(垂釣者),檢查與當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)部門的污染物

levels where you fish,and limit your consumption if those levels are Levels where you fish, and limit your consumption if those levels are 水平,魚,如果這些水平是限制你的消費(fèi) Level, fish, if the level is to limit your spending high.(1.372 words)High.(1.372 words)高。High.(1.372字)(1.372)Abridged and revised from Abridged and revised the from 刪節(jié)和修改

Abridged and modify http:// Risksoverstated / 2012/04/02 glQARwPNrS story.HTML(1)Unlike pregnant women,common people are advised to eat more fish as(1)Unlike pregnant women, the common people are advised to eat more fish as / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(1)不像孕婦,常見的建議人們多吃魚類

(1)not as pregnant women, common advising people to eat more fish the benefits outweigh the risks.The benefits outweigh the risks.利益大于風(fēng)險。

The benefits outweigh the risks.(2)Risks may be overstated by many scientists and organizations as accurate(2)the Risks may be overstated by many scientists and organizations as accurate(2)風(fēng)險可能被夸大,許多科學(xué)家和組織準(zhǔn)確

(2)the risk may be exaggerated, many scientists and organization is accurate evidence about possible danger has not been presented Evidence about possible danger from had been presented 證據(jù)可能的危險還沒有提出

Evidence may be in danger of has not been put forward(3)Contradictory advice about eating fish is confusing people(3)the Contradictory advice about eating fish is confusing people(3)矛盾的建議吃魚迷惑人

(3)the conflicting advice to eat fish deceive people(4)Eating meat and dairy produce can be more risky if we only take dioxins(4)Eating meat and dairy produce can be more risky if we only take dioxins(4)吃肉和乳制品風(fēng)險更大,如果我們只拿二惡英

(4)meat and dairy products are more risky, if we only take the dioxin into consideration.Into consideration.要考慮進(jìn)去。Into consideration.(5)No matter how carefully an advisory is crafted,people tend to be more nnnnnnit(5)No matter how carefully the an advisory is crafted, people tend to be more nnnnnnit(5)無論多么仔細(xì)咨詢精心制作,人們往往更nnnnnnit(5)no matter how consulting carefully crafted, people tend to be more nnnnnnit frightened by the threat of a harm than encouraged by the promise of a Frightened by the--kyoui of a harm than encouraged by the promise of a 害怕被傷害的威脅比鼓勵的承諾

The threat of a fear of being hurt than encourage commitment benefit The practice 好處 benefits(6)Eating fishing can help reduce people's risk of a stroke nnnnnnnint(6)Eating fishing can help reduce people 's risk of a stroke nnnnnnnint(6)吃釣魚可以幫助減少人們nnnnnnnint中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險

(6)eating fish can help reduce the risk of people nnnnnnnint stroke(7)Some smart,well-meaning scientists might be misleading in cmphasizing(7)Some smart, well-a fancy scientists took be misleading in cmphasizing / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(7)有些聰明,善意的科學(xué)家可能在cmphasizing誤導(dǎo)

(7)some clever, well-meaning scientists may in cmphasizing misleading the risks too much The risks too much 太多的風(fēng)險 Too much risk(8)The mercury threshold is quite strict for pregnant women as they are the nntint(8)The mercury threshold is quite strict for pregnant women as they are The nntint(8)汞閾值對于孕婦是很嚴(yán)格的,因為他們是nntint Mercury(8)threshold for pregnant women is very strict, because they are nntint most vulnerable group of people.The most vulnerable group of people.最脆弱的一群人。

One of the most vulnerable group of people.(9)Smaller fish might be safer for people to cat.nnndiint(9)Smaller fish took be safer for people to the nnndiint(9)較小的魚可能是人們cat.nnndiint更安全

(9)the smaller fish may be the people nnndiint safer(10)The problem for American people now is too little fish rather than too(1)The problem for American people now is too little fish rather than too(10)美國人現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是魚而不是太少

(10)americans now are faced with the problem of fish is not too little much.Much.多。More.Notes nnnnnnnn The Notes NNNNNNNN 指出nnnnnnnn Points out that NNNNNNNN ① Trans fats：反式脂肪。1)Trans fats: Trans fats.①反式脂肪:反式脂肪。1)trans fats: trans fats.2Omega-3 fats:在魚類中富含的脂肪酸，有益于心血管健康。omega-3 fats: rich in fatty acids in fish, are beneficial to cardiovascular health.2ω-3脂肪:在魚類中富含的脂肪酸,有益于心血管健康。

Omega-3 fats: rich in fatty acids in fish, are beneficial to cardiovascular health.3Food and Drug Administration：美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA)。the food and Drug Administration: the United States food and Drug Administration(FDA).3食品和藥物管理局:美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)。the food and drug administration: the United States food and drug administration(FDA).④ Environmenta Protection Agency：美國國家環(huán)保局(EPA)。

(4)Environmenta Protection Agency, the national environmental Protection bureau(EPA)./ 66

? ④環(huán)境保護(hù)署:美國國家環(huán)保局(EPA)。

(4)environmental protection agency, the national environmental protection bureau(EPA).? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? How Nanotechnology Works 納米技術(shù)是如何工作的

A There's an unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence of scientists 一個有一個前所未有的多學(xué)科融合的科學(xué)家

dedicated to the study of a world so small,we can't see it-even with 致力于研究世界如此之小,我們看不到終端 a light microscope.光學(xué)顯微鏡。

That world is the field of nanotechnology,the realm 世界是納米技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,領(lǐng)域 of atoms and nanostructures.原子和納米結(jié)構(gòu)。

Nanotechnology is so new that no one is 納米技術(shù)非常新,沒有人 really sure what will come of it.確定會來什么。

Even so,predictions range from the 即便如此,預(yù)測的范圍

ability to reproduce things like diamonds and food to the world being 繁殖能力向世界鉆石和食物

devoured by self-replicating nanorobots.被自我復(fù)制的納米機(jī)器人。

B]In order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology,we need B]為了了解納米技術(shù)的不同尋常的世界,我們所需要的 to get an idea of the units of measure involved./ 66

了解所涉及的測量單位。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? A centimeter is one-一厘米

hundredth of a meter,a millimeter is one-thousandth of a meter,and a 100米,一米的1000毫米,和一個

micrometer is one-millionth of a meter,but all of these are still huge 測微計是一米的1000000,但所有這些仍然是巨大的 compared to the nanoscale.而納米尺度上。

A nanometer(nm)is one-billionth of a 納米(納米)是1000000000 meter,smaller than the wavelength of visible light and a hundred 米,小于可見光的波長和一百年 thousandth the width of a human hair.人類頭發(fā)寬度的1000。As small as a nanometer is,it's 小如納米是

still large compared to the atomic scale.還是大比原子尺度。An atom has a diameter of 一個原子的直徑 about 0.對0。I nm.我海里。

An atom's nucleus is much smaller-about 0.00001 一個原子的原子核更要小——直徑大概為0.00001 nm.nm。

Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe.You 原子是所有物質(zhì)的積木universe.You

and everything around you is made of atoms.和你周圍的一切都是由原子構(gòu)成的。Nature has perfected the 大自然已經(jīng)完善了

science of manufacturing matter molecularly.科學(xué)的生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)分子。For instance,our bodies 例如,我們的身體

are assembled in a specific manner from millions of living cells.Cells 組裝在一個特定的方式從數(shù)百萬生活cells.Cells are nature's nanomachines./ 66

是大自然的納米機(jī)器。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? At the atomic scale,elements are at their 在原子尺度,元素是在他們 most basic level.最基本的水平。

On the nanoscale we can potentially put these atoms 在納米尺度上我們可以把這些原子 together to make almost anything.一起做幾乎任何事情。

C] In a lecture called “Small Wonders: The World of Nanoscience C)在講座《小奇跡:納米科學(xué)的世界

Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more 諾貝爾獎得主Dr.Horst發(fā)怒者說,納米尺度上是更多

interesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point 有趣的比原子尺度,因為納米是第一點(diǎn)

where we can assemble something-it's not until we start putting 我們可以組裝它直到我們開始嗎

atoms together that we can make anything useful.原子聚集在一起,我們可以做任何有用的東西。The World of Nanotechnology 納米技術(shù)的世界

D]Experts sometimes disagree about what constitutes the nanoscale but D]專家對什么是納米級,但有時不同意

in general you can think of nanotechnology dealing with anything 一般情況下你可以把納米技術(shù)處理任何事情 measuring between 1 and 100 nm.測量1到100納米之間。Larger than that is the microscale, 比微尺度, and smaller than that is the atomic scale.和小于原子尺度。Nanotechnology is rapidly 納米技術(shù)正在迅速

becoming an interdisciplinary field.成為一個跨學(xué)科的領(lǐng)域。

Biologists,chemists,physicists and 生物學(xué)家、化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家和

engineers are all involved in the study of substances at the nanoscale.工程師都參與物質(zhì)在納米尺度上的研究。

Dr.Stormer hopes that the different disciplines develop a common Dr.Stormer希望不同學(xué)科共同發(fā)展

language and communicate with one another.語言和相互溝通。Only then,he says,can we / 66

只有到那時,他說,我們能

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? effectively teach nanoscience since you can't understand the world of 有效地教納米科學(xué),因為你無法理解的世界

nanotechnology without a solid background in multiple sciences 納米技術(shù)在多個科學(xué)沒有一個堅實的背景

E] One of the exciting and challenging aspects of the nanoscale is the role E)令人興奮和具有挑戰(zhàn)性的一個方面納米尺度的作用 that quantum mechanics plays in it.量子力學(xué)在它。

The rules of quantum mechanics 量子力學(xué)的規(guī)則

are very different from classical physics,which means that the behavior 非常不同于經(jīng)典物理,這意味著行為

of substances at the nanoscale can sometimes contradict common sense 物質(zhì)在納米尺度上有時會違背常識 by behaving erratically.行為舉止變得怪異。

You can't walk up to a wall and immediately 你不能走到一堵墻,立即

eleport to the other side of it,but at the nanoscale an electron can-eleport到另一邊,但是可以在納米尺度上一個電子

it's called electron tunneling.它被稱為電子隧穿。

Substances that are insulators,meaning 物質(zhì)是絕緣體,意義

they can't carry an electric charge,in bulk form might become 他們不能攜帶電荷,可能成為散裝形式

semiconductors when reduced to the nanoscale.當(dāng)縮小到納米尺度的半導(dǎo)體。Melting points can 熔點(diǎn)可以

change due to an increase in surface area.由于表面積的增加變化。Much of nanoscience requires 納米科學(xué)的需要

that you forget what you know and start learning all over again.你忘記你所知道的,重新開始學(xué)習(xí)。So what 那么

does this all mean? 這一切意味著什么? Right now,it means that scientists are experimenting / 66

現(xiàn)在,這意味著科學(xué)家正在試驗

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? with substances at the nanoscale to learn about their properties and how 物質(zhì)在納米尺度上了解他們的屬性以及如何

we might be able to take advantage of them in various applications.我們可以利用他們在不同的應(yīng)用程序。

Engineers are trying to use nano-size wires to create smaller,more 工程師們正在試圖使用納米線來創(chuàng)建更小,更多 powerful microprocessors.強(qiáng)大的微處理器。

Doctors are searching for ways to use 醫(yī)生們正在尋找方法來使用

nanoparticles in medical applications.納米粒子在醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用。Still,we've got a long way to go 不過,我們還有很長的路要走

before nanotechnology dominates the technology and medical markets 在納米技術(shù)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)和醫(yī)療市場 Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes 納米線和碳納米管

E]Currently,scientists find two nano-size structures of particular interest E]目前,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個特別感興趣的納米結(jié)構(gòu) nanowires and carbon nanotubes.納米線和碳納米管。

Nanowires are wires with a very 納米線與一個電線

small diameter,sometimes as small as 1 nanometer.小直徑,有時1納米。Scientists hope 科學(xué)家們希望

to use them to build tiny transistors for computer chips and other 使用它們來構(gòu)建微型晶體管計算機(jī)芯片和其他 electronic devices.電子設(shè)備。

In the last couple of years,carbon nanotubes have 在過去的幾年中,碳納米管 overshadowed nanowires.納米線所掩蓋。

We're still learning about these structures,but 我們?nèi)栽趯W(xué)習(xí)這些結(jié)構(gòu),但是

what we've learned so far is very exciting 到目前為止我們學(xué)到了什么是非常令人興奮

G]A carbon nanotube is a nano-size cylinder of carbon atoms.G)碳納米管是由碳原子組成的納米管。Imagine a

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想象一個

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sheet of carbon atoms,which would look like a sheet of hexagons.If 表的碳原子,這看起來像一張hexagons.If you roll that sheet into a tube,you'd have a carbon nanotube.Carbon 你將那張卷成管狀,你會有一個碳nanotube.Carbon nanotube properties depend on how you roll the sheet.納米管的性質(zhì)取決于你如何滾床單。In other words.換句話說。

even though all carbon nanotubes are made of carbon,they can be very 盡管所有碳納米管是由碳,它們可以非常

different from one another based on how you align the individual atoms.不同于另一個基于單個原子如何對齊。

With the right arrangement of atoms,you can create a carbon nanotube 有了正確的的原子排列,您可以創(chuàng)建一個碳納米管

that's hundreds of times stronger than steel,but six times lighter.數(shù)百倍的鋼鐵,但六次打火機(jī)。

Engineers plan to make building material out of carbon nanotubes, 工程師計劃建筑材料碳納米管, particularly for things like cars and airplanes.特別是對于像汽車和飛機(jī)。Lighter vehicles would 更輕的汽車將

mean better fuel efficiency,and the added strength translates to 意味著更好的燃油效率,增加強(qiáng)度 increased passenger safety.增加乘客的安全。

Carbon nanotubes can also be effective 碳納米管也可以是有效的

semiconductors with the right arrangement of atoms.半導(dǎo)體與正確的原子排列。Scientists are stil 科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀?/p>

working on finding ways to make carbon nanotubes a realistic option for 致力于尋找方法使碳納米管一個現(xiàn)實的選擇 transistors in microprocessors and other electronics 晶體管在微處理器和其他電子產(chǎn)品 Products with Nanotechnology 產(chǎn)品與納米技術(shù)

HIMany sunscreens contain nanoparticles of zine oxide or titanium oxide.HIMany防曬霜含有納米顆粒的鋅氧化或氧化鈦。

Older sunscreen formulas use larger particles,which is what gives most

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老防曬霜公式使用較大的粒子,這是大多數(shù)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sunscreens their whitish color.防曬霜的發(fā)白的顏色。

Smaller particles are less visible,meaning 較小的粒子是不可見的,意義

that when you rub the sunscreen into your skin,it doesn't give you a 當(dāng)你擦防曬霜在你的皮膚,它不會給你一個 whitish tingee n 白色tingee n I] In addition,a company called Pilkington offers a product they call 我]此外,一家名為皮爾金頓的公司提供了一個產(chǎn)品他們叫

Active Glass,which uses nanoparticles to make the glass space needed 活躍的玻璃,它使用納米粒子所需的玻璃空間 photocatalytic and hydrophilic.光催化和親水性。

The photocatalytic effect means that 光催化效應(yīng)意味著

when UV radiation from light hits the glass,nanoparticles become 當(dāng)紫外線輻射從光照到玻璃、納米顆粒

energized and begin to break down and loosen organic molecules on 精力充沛并開始分解和放松的有機(jī)分子 the glass(in other words,dirt).玻璃(換句話說,污垢)。

Hydrophilic means that when water 親水意味著當(dāng)水

makes contact with the glass,it spreads across the glass evenly,which 使接觸玻璃,它蔓延整個玻璃均勻, helps wash the glass clean.幫助洗玻璃清潔。

Scientists are also using nanoparticles to 科學(xué)家也用納米顆粒 enhance your clothing.提高你的衣服。

By coating fabrics with a thin layer of zinc 通過薄層涂層織物的鋅

oxide nanoparticles,manufacturers can create clothes that give better 氧化物納米顆粒,制造商可以創(chuàng)建提供更好的衣服 protection from UV radiation.防止紫外線輻射。

Some clothes have nanoparticles in the 一些衣服有納米顆粒

form of little hairs or whiskers that help repel water and other materials.形式的毛發(fā)或胡須,幫助擊退水和其他材料。making the clothing stain-resistant

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使服裝耐污

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? J]Antimicrobial bandages-Scientist Robert Burrell created a process to J]抗菌繃帶科學(xué)家羅伯特·伯勒爾創(chuàng)造了一個過程

manufacture antibacterial bandages using nanoparticles of silver.Silver 制造抗菌silver.Silver繃帶使用納米粒子

ions block microbes' cellular respiration.離子阻止微生物的細(xì)胞呼吸。In other words,silver smothers 換句話說,銀覆蓋 harmful cells,killing them.有害細(xì)胞,殺害他們。

K New products incoporating nanotechnology are coming out every day.K新產(chǎn)品把納米技術(shù)每天都出來。

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics,deep-penetrating cosmetics,liquid crysta 抗皺面料、深穿透化妝品、液體crysta displays(LCD)and other convenicnces using nanotechnology are on 液晶顯示器和其他convenicnces利用納米技術(shù) the market.市場。

Before long,we'll see dozens of other products that take 不久,我們將看到幾十個其他的產(chǎn)品

advantage of nanotechnology ranging from Intel microprocessors to 利用納米技術(shù)從英特爾的微處理器

bio-nanobatteries,capacitors only a few nanometers thick.bio-nanobatteries、電容器只有幾納米厚。While this 雖然這

is exciting,it's only the tip of the iceberg as far as how nanotechnology 是激動人心的,這只是冰山一角就納米技術(shù)如何 may impact on us in the future.可能會影響我們的未來。(1,155 wwordy(1155 wwordy Abridged and revised from 刪節(jié)和修改

http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm(1)A revolution might happen in engineering with the introduction of the(1)革命會發(fā)生在工程的引入 nanotube.納米管。(2)Dr.34 / 66

(2)博士。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Stormer thinks a common language about nanoscience can promote the 發(fā)怒者認(rèn)為對納米科學(xué)可以促進(jìn)共同的語言 research of this new technology.這種新技術(shù)的研究。

(3)More products with nanotechnology are coming with unpredictable(3)更多的產(chǎn)品與納米技術(shù)與不可預(yù)知的未來 impacts on our lives.影響我們的生活。

(4)Nanotechnology is a new technology which involves many different(4)納米技術(shù)是一個涉及許多不同的新技術(shù) disciplines.學(xué)科。

(5)Electron tunncling means that an electron can teleport to the other side of a(5)電子tunncling意味著一個電子可以傳送到另一邊 wall immediately 墻立即

(6)Silver ions can kill harmful microbes.(6)銀離子能殺死有害的細(xì)菌。

(7)Though so tiny,a nanometer is still larger than an atom.(7)雖然那么小,納米仍比一個原子。

(8)Traditional sunscreen formulas may give a whitish tinge on people's skin.(8)傳統(tǒng)防曬霜公式可能對人們的皮膚發(fā)白的色彩。

(9)Nanoparticles applied to clothes can protect people from UV radiation(9)納米粒子應(yīng)用于衣服可以保護(hù)人們免受紫外線輻射

better.更好。

(10)Scientists find the research of nanowires and carbon nanotubes very(10)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)納米線和碳納米管的研究 interesting and exciting.有趣的和令人興奮的。

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Facebook's Graph Search is the Future of Facebook Facebook的圖搜索是Facebook的未來 A]Facebook held a big press event this morning.Facebook)今天上午舉行一個新聞發(fā)布會。The company only sent 該公司只派

out invitations last week,and when it did,it didn't disclose the topic.上周邀請,當(dāng)它了,它沒有披露的話題。

But in a sense,everyone who pays close attention to Facebook has 但從某種意義上說,每個人都關(guān)注Facebook been waiting for this event for most of the site's history-because the 等待這個事件的大多數(shù)網(wǎng)站的歷史——因為

subject was Graph Search,the social network's first truly serious search 主題是圖搜索、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的第一個真正嚴(yán)重的搜索

featuree n featuree n B Like other great big Faccbook-altering features like Timeline.Graph B像其他大Faccbook-altering Timeline.Graph等功能 Search isn't being unleashed in one fell swoop.搜索沒有被釋放。It's a beta for now,and 現(xiàn)在這是一個測試版

only a minuscule percentage of users will get it immediately.(Everyone 只有極小的比例的用戶將立即得到它。(每一個人

clse can get on the waitlist at facebook.com/graphsearch.)Still,its clse可以在候補(bǔ)名單上facebook.com/graphsearch)。不過,它 arrival in even limited form is an important moment.抵達(dá)甚至有限形式是一個重要的時刻。

C Graph Search lets you enter plain-English concepts that tie together C圖搜索允許您輸入串的概念聯(lián)系在一起

multiple things the social network knows about the people who use 多個社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的事情知道的人使用

it: where they live,where they work,where they've taken photos and :他們住的地方,在那里工作,在那里他們已經(jīng)拍了照片和 what things they've liked.什么東西他們喜歡。

Among the searches Facebook provides Facebook提供的搜索

as examples are“people who like tennis and live nearby,““tourist 的例子是“喜歡網(wǎng)球和住在附近的人”,“旅游

attractions in ltaly visited by my friends,”“movies liked by people who

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景點(diǎn)在意大利訪問我的朋友”,“電影的人喜歡

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? are film directors”and “friends of friends who have been to Yosemite 是電影導(dǎo)演”和“朋友的朋友去過約塞米蒂誰 National Park”nnnnnnnnnnnniin 國家公園“nnnnnnnnnnnniin

D]The results aren't Google-style links to external sites-they're D]結(jié)果不是google樣式的鏈接到外部網(wǎng)站是

Facebook pages for the people,places and other things that match the Facebook頁面的人、地點(diǎn)和其他東西相匹配的 query.查詢。

In theory,at least,this new way to find information is both faster 至少在理論上,這種新方法查找信息更快

and far more personal than a conventional search engine.和個人遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過傳統(tǒng)的搜索引擎。The notion 這個概念

that we might end up doing most of our interacting with Facebook by 我們可能會做我們的大部分與Facebook的交互 searching rather than browsing seems entirely plausible 搜索而不是瀏覽似乎完全有可能

EE]At the press event,Facebook did try to keep everyone's expectations EE)在新聞發(fā)布會上,Facebook并盡量保持每個人的期望 in check.在檢查。

CEO Mark Zuckerberg spent much of his presentation CEO馬克·扎克伯格在他的演講 emphasizing what Graph Search isn't.強(qiáng)調(diào)什么圖搜索不是。He kept saying that it's not the 他不停地說這不是

same thing as“Web search'”(or,as most of us tend to call it,Google).一樣“網(wǎng)頁搜索”(或者,就像我們大多數(shù)人傾向于稱之為,Google)。E]More important,it isn't a fully fleshed-out idea.E)更重要的是,它不是一個有血有肉的主意。This first version helps 第一個版本幫助

you find people,photos,interests and places,but there's lots of stuff on 你找到人,照片、利益和地方,但有很多東西 Facebook it doesn't know about yet.Facebook還不知道。

It doesn't search status updates,for 它不會搜索狀態(tài)更新, instance,and it's not hooked into Facebook's Open Graph,which ties

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實例,它不是連接到Facebook的開放圖譜,這關(guān)系

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

the site together with third-party services like Spotify.像Spotify網(wǎng)站與第三方服務(wù)。It also doesn't 它還不

work on Faccbook's mobile apps yet.Faccbook的移動應(yīng)用程序。(Zuckerberg says Faccbook's to-(扎克伯格Faccbook的——說

do list for Graph Search should keep the company busy for the next 圖搜索列表應(yīng)該保證在接下來的公司忙嗎 several years.)數(shù)年。)G.G。

It's not even clear yet just how useful Graph Search's limited initia 現(xiàn)在還不清楚是多么有用的圖搜索的initia有限 features will be.將特性。

As I scanned the results for the example searches 我掃描的搜索結(jié)果

performed by Zuck and his co-presenters.由扎克和他的聯(lián)袂演示者。Graph Search honchos Tom 圖搜索老板湯姆

Stocky and Lars Rasmussen,many of them seemed painfully obvious, 矮壯的和Lars Rasmussen,他們中的許多人似乎非常明顯, like a list of friends'favorite TV shows that contained“well,duh”items 喜歡的朋友'favorite電視節(jié)目列表包含“咄”項目 such as The Office and Game of Thrones.如辦公室,權(quán)力的游戲。

HHI The most instantly appealing aspect of Graph Search may be photo 圖搜索的HHI立即最吸引人的方面可能是照片 search.搜索。

which looks slick and fun.看起來光滑和樂趣。

Without it,I have trouble finding my 沒有它,我很難找到我的

own snapshots I've uploaded,let alone ones from friends or public ones 我上傳自己的快照,更不用說從朋友的或公共的 I might likeen

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我可能likeen ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? If Graph Search fails to come up with any results at all-an outcome 如果圖搜索無法想出任何結(jié)果在一個結(jié)果

that sounds like it might be common-it'll give you a standard page of 這聽起來像它可能是普通的it會給你一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的頁 Web search results.網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索的結(jié)果。

Those will be powered by Facebook partner and par 這些將由Facebook伙伴和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

owner Microsoft,and will be largely the same as the results you'd get if 微軟的老板,將在很大程度上你會得到一樣的結(jié)果 you just conducted the same search on Bing.你只是對必應(yīng)進(jìn)行相同的搜索。

J When Facebook launches something major,it's easy to get irrationally J當(dāng)Facebook推出重大的東西,很容易得到不合理

exuberant about its potential:the e-mail-like messaging features it 的對其潛在的:他們消息傳遞功能

introduced in November 2010,which looked like they might be a 介紹了2010年11月,他們可能是一個樣子

landmark,didn't usher in a new era for either Facebook or e-mail after 里程碑式的,沒有迎來一個新時代Facebook或電子郵件后 all.所有人。

But it's becn clear all along that a sophisticated search feature was 但becn清除所有在一個復(fù)雜的搜索功能

the biggest missing piece of the Facebook puzzle-the one to let the 最大的丟失塊Facebook讓令人疑惑

site tap into everything it knows about a billion people in ways that 網(wǎng)站利用一切知道十億人的方式

might be both highly useful and enormously profitable.可能是非常有用和非常有利可圖。Now we know 現(xiàn)在我們知道

that Facebook is at work on that challenge Facebook是在工作上的挑戰(zhàn)

K Other than allowing for“Sponsored Search”promotional links, K除了允許“贊助搜索”推廣鏈接, Facebook isn't trying to make money off Graph Search yet.Facebook并不是試圖賺錢圖搜索。But if it 但是如果它

takes off,and people start using Facebook to find restaurants,doctors, 起飛,人們開始使用Facebook找到餐館,醫(yī)生, travel destinations and much more,it's tough to imagine a scenario in

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旅游目的地和更多的,很難想象一個場景

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? which the site doesn't make enormous amounts of money from precisely 該網(wǎng)站從精確不賺大量的錢嗎 targeted advertising.有針對性的廣告。

It could rival Google as a money machine on a 可能的競爭對手谷歌作為一個賺錢機(jī)器 level it hasn't done to date.水平還沒有完成。L.l We're talking Facebook here,so it's a given that Graph Search is going 我們說Facebook在這里,所以它是一個給定的圖搜索 to be controversial,at least at first.是有爭議的,至少在第一。

It doesn't let you see anything you 不讓你看到任何你

couldn't have seen otherwise:all privacy settings are respected,and 不能看到否則:尊重隱私設(shè)置, people won't even show up in results if they haven't given you access 人們甚至不會出現(xiàn)在結(jié)果如果他們還沒有給你訪問

to the relevant facts that would otherwise put them there,such as their 相關(guān)的事實,否則放在那里,等他們 employer or location.雇主或位置。

M But Graph Search will make it a whole lot easier to find out stuff on 米但圖搜索將使它更容易找到很多東西 Facebook.Facebook。

Facts that would otherwise have been buried in a profile or 事實,否則將被埋在一個概要文件

that might have scrolled off into the Timeline's distant past will be only 會滾動到時間軸的遙遠(yuǎn)的過去只會 a search query away.一個搜索查詢。

It'll be fascinating to see how that changes the way 這將是有趣的,看看,改變的方式

people use the service,and whether it rankles a meaningful number of 人們使用服務(wù),是否讓人生氣的是有意義的 users.nnnnnnnn users.nnnnnnnn N]Facebook isn't introducing any new privacy features related to Graph N]Facebook并沒有引入任何新的隱私保護(hù)功能相關(guān)圖

Search;at today's event,Zuckerberg simply recapped recent privacy

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搜索;在今天的活動中,扎克伯格簡單的翻身最近的隱私

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? upgrades like the ability to review all your recent activity and adjust 升級能力審查所有你最近的活動和調(diào)整 settings on the fly.動態(tài)設(shè)置。

He also said before Graph Search is made widely 之前他還說圖搜索是由廣泛

available,Facebook members will get a prominent message encouraging 可用,Facebook用戶將獲得杰出的消息令人鼓舞 them to review their privacy choices.他們檢查他們的隱私的選擇。I expect that this won't be enough 我認(rèn)為這是不夠的

to pacify privacy advocates and Faccbook skeptics-though truth 為了安撫隱私擁護(hù)者和Faccbook skeptics-though真理 to tell.告訴。

I think that much of the angst over Facebook privacy issues is 我認(rèn)為Facebook隱私問題的擔(dān)憂 overblown.夸大了。

(I'm never clear on why people who dislike Facebook use it(我不清楚為什么不喜歡Facebook的人使用它

at all))QI Me.氣我。

'm guandedly optimiste about Graph Search.“米guandedly optimiste圖搜索。I use Faccbook fon 我使用Faccbook豐

things I want to share,not for things I want to hide,so I'm not wornied nnnnnnnnhin 我想分享的事情,不是我想要隱藏,所以我不wornied nnnnnnnnhin about the privacy implications.關(guān)于隱私的含義。

And my single biggest belief with thennnnnnnnntint 并與thennnnnnnnntint我最大的信仰

site is thatit's impenetrable: too much of the worthwhile stuffit contains nmnt 網(wǎng)站已令人費(fèi)解的:太多的值得stuffit包含nmnt is too hard to uncover.太難以發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Graph Search could change that.41 / 66

圖搜索可以改變這種狀況。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? But it won't nnin 但它不會nnin change anything until millions of people get their hands on it.改變?nèi)魏螙|西直到數(shù)以百萬計的人得到他們的手。More 更多的

thoughts to come once I do.我的想法來一次。

For now,I'm reading what Fired's Steven mnn 現(xiàn)在,我在讀解雇的史蒂文的內(nèi)容

Levy and Search Engine Land's Danny Sullivan have to say about al 利維和Search Engine Land的Danny Sullivan說 this.(1.084 wordy(1.084冗長

Abridged and revised from 刪節(jié)和修改

http://techland.time.com/2013/01/15/facebooks-graph-search-is-thee http://techland.time.com/2013/01/15/facebooks-graph-search-is-thee future-of-facebook/#ixzz2Ntb6cNBy future-of-facebook / # ixzz2Ntb6cNBy(1)Compared with a conventional search engine,Graph Search's searching is(1)與傳統(tǒng)的搜索引擎相比,圖搜索的搜索 both faster and far more personal.更快和更個人化。

(2)Graph Search will give the users a standard page of Web search results,just(2)圖搜索會給用戶一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Web搜索結(jié)果頁面,而已

like the results they'd get from Bing,in case it fails to come up with any 像他們會得到的結(jié)果從Bing,以防不能提出任何 results at all.nnn 結(jié)果all.nnn(3)Photo search,slick and fun,is the most appealing initial feature of Graph(3)圖搜索,光滑和樂趣,是最吸引人的初始特征圖 Search.搜索。

(4)Facebook should have developed a search engine in its early days as it(4)Facebook應(yīng)該在早期開發(fā)的搜索引擎

could cnable the site to take advantage of everything it knows abouta 可以cnable網(wǎng)站利用一切知道內(nèi)容嗎

billion people,and be both highly useful and profitable 十億人口,是非常有用的,并且盈利能力很強(qiáng)

(5)Sponsored searches for promotional links are not allowed on Graph Search(5)贊助的搜索圖搜索推廣鏈接是不允許的 before it is made widely availablc.42 / 66

它是由廣泛availablc之前。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(6)To respect privacy,at Graph Search,people won't even show up in fesults(6)尊重隱私,在圖搜索,人們甚至不會出現(xiàn)在fesults

if they haven't given you access to the relevant facts that would otherwise 如果他們還沒有給你訪問相關(guān)事實,否則 put them there 把它們放在那里了

(7)Graph Search will make profits from precisely targeted advertising(7)圖搜索將從精確定向廣告賺取利潤

if people use it to find restaurants,doctors and much more through 如果人們用它來找到餐館,醫(yī)生等等 Facebookk Facebookk(8)Facebook members could review all their recent activity and privacy(8)Facebook用戶可以檢查所有最近的活動和隱私 choices through Graph Search.選擇通過圖搜索。

(9)As Graph Search makes it easier to find information,which would have(9)圖搜索更容易找到信息,它會

been buried otherwise on Facebook,it may change the way people use it or 在Facebook上被埋葬,否則,它可能會改變?nèi)藗兪褂盟姆绞?annoy large numbers of members.騷擾大量的成員。

(10)I am hopeful about Graph Search regardless of the privacy implications as(10)我希望圖搜索不管的隱私問題

Iuse Facebook for what I want to share,not for what I want to conceal.我使用Facebook我想分享什么,不是因為我想隱瞞什么。

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Why Energy Efficiency Isn't All It's Cracked Up to Be 為什么能源效率不是萬全之策

A] When New yorker writer David Owen moved his family from Manhattan)當(dāng)紐約客作家大衛(wèi)歐文把他的家人從曼哈頓

to a small town in northwestern Connecticut in 1985 it seemed like a 1985年康涅狄格州西北部的一個小鎮(zhèn)似乎像一個 green decision.綠色的決定。

Their tree-shaded house had been built in the 1700s and 他們的綠樹掩映的房子建于1700年代 sat across from a nature preserve.坐在對面的一個自然保護(hù)區(qū)。Deer,wild turkeys and even bears 鹿,甚至野生火雞和熊

could be seen in their yard;woods surrounded their neighborhood.It 可以看到在院子里,樹林包圍neighborhood.It was a bucolic country existence,something out of a nature poem.是一個田園式的國家存在,自然界中的詩。

B]Yet for the global environment,the move was a minidisaster.The B]然而,全球環(huán)境,此舉是一個minidisaster.The Owens'electricity consumption went up more than sevenfold and the 歐文斯'electricity消費(fèi)上升超過7倍和

lack of both public transportation and dense housing that's typical of 缺乏公共交通和密集的住宅的典型

Connecticut(and much of the rest of the U.S)meant the family had to 康涅狄格(和其它大多數(shù)美國)意味著家庭不得不 buy several cars.買了幾輛車。

And those cars got driven-a lot.Owen notes that 這些汽車開過很多。歐文指出

he and his wife now put some 30,000 miles a year on their odometers, 他和他的妻子現(xiàn)在每年大約30000英里里程計, burning carbon with every gallon.燃燒碳每加侖。

Access to trees and wildlife and 樹木和野生動物和訪問

cleaner air in Connecticut was great,but for the climate,it's dense and 更清潔的空氣在康涅狄格州很棒,但是氣候,密集的和

efficient Manhattan-where cars are optional and living space is much 高效的曼哈頓,汽車是可選的和生活空間

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? tighter-that does less damage per capita 人均緊密,損傷也要少

CITo Owen,the move was a lesson: what looks environmentally friendly 急速地歐文,此舉是一個教訓(xùn):什么是環(huán)保 isn't always the case.并非總是如此。

That's an idea he explores in his new book The 這是一個知道他在他的新書中探討

Conundrum,which argues that energy efficiency,scientific innovation 難題,認(rèn)為能源效率、科學(xué)創(chuàng)新

and even good green intentions are actually making our climate and 甚至好綠色的意圖是使我們的氣候和 environmental problems worse.環(huán)境問題變得更糟。

While we rush to buy a Prius hybrid 當(dāng)我們急于買普銳斯混合動力車

or fetishize local organic food,we're doing little to actually reduce the 或盲目迷戀本地有機(jī)食品,我們做實際上減少了

carbon emissions that are warming the planet-and we may even be 氣候變暖的碳排放地球和我們甚至可能 going backward.會落后。

“We're not actually making the problem better,we're “我們實際上并沒有使問題更好,我們 making it worse,”says Owen.讓它變得更糟,”歐文說。

D]He centers his argument on energy efficiency,which simply means D]他在能源效率中心他的論點(diǎn),這僅僅意味著

reducing waste and getting more economic output per unit of energy, 減少浪費(fèi)和增加每單位經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出的能源，and is one of the few environmental-policy options that nearly everyone ,是為數(shù)不多的環(huán)境政策選項,幾乎每一個人 can agree on.可以達(dá)成一致。

Democrat or Republican,climate scientist or climate 民主黨人或共和黨人,氣候科學(xué)家或氣候

skeptic,you'd be hard-pressed to find anyone who'd be against reducing 懷疑論者,你很難找到的人會減少 wasted energy.浪費(fèi)能源。

That's why pacans to efficiency find their way into every 這就是為什么pacans效率找到進(jìn)入每一個

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? energy stump speech,including those of President Obama,who noted 能源政治演說,其中包括奧巴馬總統(tǒng),他指出

in the State of the Union speech that “the easiest way to save money is 的國情咨文演講中,“省錢的最簡單方法 to waste less energy.浪費(fèi)更少的能量。

“One of the White House's most heralded green “白宮的一個最受追捧的綠色

accomplishments this term has been an increase in automobile fuel.成就這一項已經(jīng)增加汽車燃料。

efficiency standards,tightening them from 25 m.p.g.效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn),收緊25 /加侖。now to 54.5 m.p.g 現(xiàn)在54.5 /加侖

for cars and light trucks by 2025.轎車和輕型卡車到2025年。

E]But Owen notes improved efficiency doesn't always translate to reduced E]但歐文指出提高效率并不總是意味著減少

energy use,thanks to something called the “rebound effect”.能源使用,由于所謂的“反彈效應(yīng)”。It's pretty 很

simple:as we become more efficient at using energy we can save 簡單:當(dāng)我們成為更有效地使用能源,我們可以節(jié)省

money-which then allows us to use more of that energy than we did。那么讓我們使用更多的能量比 before.之前。

Picture it this way:you trade in your gas-guzzling SUV for 這樣圖片:你貿(mào)易耗油的SUV a new efficient hybrid,end up paying less per mile for gasoline and 新一代高效混合動力車,最終支付更少的汽油和每英里

use some of the savings to drive more than you did with the SUV.The 使用一些儲蓄來驅(qū)動與SUV.The超過你 efficiency has rebounded.效率反彈。

F]It's not clear how big the rebound effect really is.F]不清楚真正的反彈效應(yīng)有多大。Efficiency advocates 效率的倡導(dǎo)者

say that the effect,when it exists,is limited.說的影響,當(dāng)它存在,是有限的。Amory Lovins,the head of Amory Lovins，46 / 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? the Rocky Mountain Institute and an efficiency evangelist,has written 落基山研究所和一個效率傳道者,寫了

that“no matter how efficient your house or washing machine becomes, :“無論如何你的房子或者洗衣機(jī)變得有效, you won't heat your house to sauna temperatures,or rewash clean 你不熱你的房子桑拿溫度,或再洗干凈 clothes.的衣服。

“There's a limit to how much more I would drive after buying a “有限制多少我會開車后購買 hybrid even as my gas bill shrinks.混合,即使我的煤氣費(fèi)收縮。

C]But Owen argues that the rebound effect is much broader than a one-to-C]但歐文認(rèn)為反彈效應(yīng)比————更廣泛 one relationship.一個關(guān)系。

I might drive a little bit more using the savings from 我可能開車使用節(jié)省一點(diǎn)

my more efficient car,but I might also take the rest of those savings 我的更高效的汽車,但是我可能還把剩下的積蓄

and spend it on something else-perhaps a vacation flight,or a new 把錢花在一些飛行else-perhaps度假,或一個新的 television.電視。

And nearly everything we buy and consume today requires 幾乎所有我們今天需要購買和消費(fèi) energy,from appliances to holidays.能源,從家用電器到假期。

Perhaps that's the reason American 也許這就是美國的原因

electricity production grew 66% between 1984 and 200s even as the 電力生產(chǎn)增長66%在1984和200年代的 economy overall became much more efficient.整體經(jīng)濟(jì)變得更加高效。And things are likely 事情很可能

to be even worse in a rapidly growing nation like China where a lot of 更糟糕的是在一個快速增長的國家像中國很多的地方

people are acquiring consumer goods and other luxuries for the first 人們購買消費(fèi)品和其他奢侈品的第一 time.時間。

”Energy efficiency by itself is not a sufficient green strategy,“say “能源效率本身不是一個充分的綠色戰(zhàn)略,”說

/ 66

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Owen.歐文。

HIHopes that we might simply run out of fossil fuels before we've HIHopes,我們可能只是在我們之前化石燃料耗盡

cooked the sky now seem unfounded,thanks to the discovery of new 煮熟的天空現(xiàn)在看來毫無根據(jù)的,由于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的

unconventional supplies like oil sands or shale natural gas.非傳統(tǒng)的油砂和頁巖天然氣供應(yīng)。We can 我們可以

decarbonize the energy we use by replacing fossil fuels with solar 除去碳素能量我們用太陽能取代化石燃料的使用

nuclear and other alternatives,but that will take decades at best and 核和其他替代能源,但這需要幾十年最多 we're moving far too slowly 我們進(jìn)展太緩慢

I] So if we want to bring down carbon emissions we have to use less 我),所以如果我們想要降低碳排放,我們必須用更少

energy-even very efficient energy-and that likely means we'd 甚至非常有效的節(jié)約能源,可能意味著我們 have to live with less growth.要儉樸的生活成長。

Good luck trying to explain that to 試圖解釋,好運(yùn) voters,though.不過,選民。

“There is a fundamental conflict between the idea of “有一個基本的理念之間的沖突

propagating growth and the idea of reducing carbon emissions,”says 傳播增長和減少碳排放的想法,”說 Owen.歐文。

“But if you're in a public-policy position,it's almost impossible “但是如果你在一個公共政策立場,這幾乎是不可能的 to say that.說。” nn “神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

J] That doesn't mean energy efficiency can't be a useful environmental J]這并不意味著能源效率不可能是一個有用的環(huán)境

tool-it can,provided it's coupled with policies that effectively 工具可以提供它加上有效的政策

increase the cost of energy,so savings from efficicncy are conserved 能源成本的增加,所以儲蓄從efficicncy是守恒的

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? rather than being spent on additional consumption.而不是花在更多的消費(fèi)。We can also change 我們也可以改變

policy to promote sustainable,dense urban living.政策促進(jìn)可持續(xù),密集的城市生活。(Hong Kongers are(香港人

well-off,but they use only one-third as much energy as Americans 富裕,但他們只使用美國三分之一盡可能多的能量

largely because they live in one of the densest cities on the planct)And 很大程度上是因為他們住在planct)和最密集的城市之一

we can focus on the environmental policies that really matter.Buying 我們可以關(guān)注真正matter.Buying的環(huán)境政策

local food is fine,but what matters much more is how far you drove to 當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄锖芎?但更重要的是你開車去多遠(yuǎn)

get to the market-or whether you needed to drive at all.進(jìn)入市場或是否你需要開車?！癢hat we “我們

need to do is make more big cities like Manhattan,“says Owen.“But 需要做的是讓更多的大城市像曼哈頓,”歐文說?！暗?that's a tough sell” 這是一個艱難的銷售” K]Indeed it is.確實K)。

Owen notes that he likes living in small-town Connecticut, 歐文說,他喜歡住在小城鎮(zhèn)的康涅狄格州, even if it isn't great for the planet.即使它不是偉大的地球。

And while everything from highway 雖然從高速公路

construction to zoning regulations seem designed to induce sprawl,I 建設(shè)分區(qū)法規(guī)似乎旨在誘導(dǎo)擴(kuò)張,我

suspect many Americans simply don't want to live in New York City.懷疑許多美國人只是不想住在紐約市。

just as they don't really care about climate change enough to accept 就像他們不真正關(guān)心氣候變化足以接受

more expensive energy or slower economic growth.更昂貴的能源和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長放緩。”We already know “我們已經(jīng)知道

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? what we need to do and we have for a long time,“Owen writes.我們需要做的,我們有很長一段時間,”歐文寫道?！盬e just “我們只是

don't like the answers.不喜歡這個答案。

"That's the conundrum-and the solution won't “這是不會的難題,同時解決方案 be easy.是很容易的。(1,087 wordy(1087冗長

Abridged and revised from 刪節(jié)和修改

http://#ixzz2 | 8599年http:// # ixzz2 | O5ZbegJ6 O5ZbegJ6(1)Energy efficiency means reducing waste and getting more economic output(1)能源效率意味著減少浪費(fèi)和獲得更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出 per unit of energyy 單位energyy(2)Due to the “ rebound effect”,improved efficiency doesn't always mean(2)由于“反彈效應(yīng)”,提高效率并不總是的意思 reduced energy use.減少能源的使用。

(3)Owen's move was a minidisaster for the global environment because dense(3)歐文的舉動是全球環(huán)境的minidisaster因為密集

and efficient Manhattan did less damage to the climate per capita.和高效的曼哈頓人均氣候所造成的損害較少。

(4)We can decarbonize the energy we use by replacing fossil fuels with solar,(4)我們可以除去碳素能量我們用太陽能取代化石燃料的使用, nuclear and other alternatives.核能和其他選擇。

(5)If we want to bring down carbon emissions,we have to live with less(5)如果我們要降低碳排放,我們要儉樸的生活 growth.增長。

(6)Owen thinks that energy efficiency,scientific innovation and good green(6)歐文認(rèn)為,能源效率,科學(xué)創(chuàng)新和良好的綠色

intentions are actually making our climate and environmental problems 意圖是使我們的氣候和環(huán)境問題

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第五篇：2014年6月英語四級真題答案--長篇閱讀

2014年6月英語四級長篇閱讀真題題目：The End of the Book2014年6月英語四級長篇閱讀真題答案：

46.C

47.N

48.J

49.H

50.A

51.K

52.N

53.H

54.A

55.M