第一篇：2018小高考沖刺卷(四)

小高考沖刺卷(四)

地理

本試卷滿分100分，考試時(shí)間75分鐘。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題：在下列各小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最符合題目要求(本部分共30小題，每小題2分，共60分)。

北京時(shí)間2016年10月17日7時(shí)30分“神舟十一號(hào)”飛船在中國(guó)酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心發(fā)射成功。據(jù)此完成第1～3題。

1.“神舟十一號(hào)”飛船發(fā)射成功，倫敦時(shí)間為（）A.17日22時(shí)30分B.17日15時(shí)30分 C.16日23時(shí)30分D.16日19時(shí)30分

2.太陽(yáng)系八大行星中，地球的“左鄰右舍”分別是（）A.金星、火星B.土星、木星C.水星、金星D.水星、木星

3.“神舟十一號(hào)”飛船發(fā)射成功時(shí)，下列四城市中，白晝最長(zhǎng)的是（）A.北京B.南京C.廣州D.悉尼

4.下列四個(gè)城市中，自轉(zhuǎn)線速度最大的是（）A.哈爾濱B.北京C.南京D.廣州 “乞力馬扎羅的雪”美麗、迷人。圖1是美國(guó)航天局地球觀測(cè)站在同一地點(diǎn)拍攝到的該山雪景圖片，據(jù)此完成5～6題。

圖1 5.圖示景觀變化反映的突出環(huán)境問題是（）A.火山活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈B.臭氧層空洞加劇 C.全球氣候變暖D.全球氣候變干

6.應(yīng)對(duì)該環(huán)境問題的根本措施是（）A.推廣使用無(wú)氟制冷產(chǎn)品B.倡導(dǎo)低碳生活、節(jié)能減排 C.加強(qiáng)跨區(qū)域水資源調(diào)配D.加強(qiáng)自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè) 讀某地景觀圖(圖2)，完成7～8題。

圖2

7.圖示景觀對(duì)應(yīng)的自然帶是()

A.溫帶落葉闊葉林帶B.亞熱帶常綠闊葉林帶 C.熱帶雨林帶D.熱帶草原帶

8.該景觀自然帶形成的主要原因是()

A.常年受赤道低氣壓帶控制B.常年受副熱帶高氣壓帶控制 C.受西風(fēng)帶及副高交替控制D.受赤道低氣壓帶及信風(fēng)帶交替控制

圖3為北半球三圏環(huán)流和氣壓帶、風(fēng)帶位置示意圖，甲、乙分別地處亞歐大陸西岸和東岸。讀圖完成9～11題。

圖3 9.④風(fēng)帶的風(fēng)向?yàn)?)

A.東北風(fēng)B.東南風(fēng)C.西北風(fēng)D.西南風(fēng)

10.有關(guān)甲處氣候特征的說法，正確的是（）A.終年高溫多雨B.夏季高溫多雨 C.全年溫和濕潤(rùn)D.冬季溫和多雨

11.乙處與甲處緯度位置相似，但氣候特征差異顯著，其主要原因是乙處（）A.受④、⑤帶交替控制B.受季風(fēng)環(huán)流影響 C.受③、④帶交替控制D.位于④帶背風(fēng)坡

2016年9月28日4時(shí)40分前后，臺(tái)風(fēng)“鲇魚”登陸福建省泉州市惠安縣沿海，中心附近最大風(fēng)力有12級(jí)(33米/秒)。據(jù)此完成12～13題。

12.造成此次泉州市強(qiáng)降水的天氣系統(tǒng)是()

ABCD

13.與郊區(qū)相比，城市洪災(zāi)更加頻發(fā)的主要原因是（）A.降水時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)B.地下水位更高C.徑流匯流時(shí)間更短

D.下滲作用更大

“雅丹”源于維吾爾語(yǔ)，意指具有陡壁的小山。在地質(zhì)學(xué)上，雅丹地貌專指經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期外力作用形成的一系列平行的壟脊和溝槽構(gòu)成的景觀。讀雅丹景觀圖(圖4)，完成14～15題。

圖4 14.構(gòu)成圖中雅丹地貌的巖石屬于（）A.變質(zhì)巖B.噴出巖C.侵入巖D.沉積巖 15.塑造雅丹地貌的主要外力作用是()

A.風(fēng)力堆積B.風(fēng)力侵蝕C.流水侵蝕D.流水堆積

圖5為黃河三角洲城市體系示意圖。讀圖完成16～17題。

圖5

16.關(guān)于圖中信息的敘述，正確的是()

A.濱州市的等級(jí)比濟(jì)南高，服務(wù)范圍比壽光小 B.濟(jì)南是黃河三角洲范圍內(nèi)最低等級(jí)的城市 C.濱州市與東營(yíng)市之間沒有明確的區(qū)域界線 D.東營(yíng)市的形成與發(fā)展主要受礦產(chǎn)的影響

17.由于黃土高原生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善，近年來(lái)，黃河三角洲灘涂淤積速度減慢，這體現(xiàn)了地理環(huán)境的()

A.差異性B.整體性C.開放性D.綜合性

讀1995－2009年我國(guó)某省級(jí)行政區(qū)戶籍人口遷移變動(dòng)情況圖(圖6)，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，完成18～19題。

圖6 18.1995－2009年，該省級(jí)行政區(qū)戶籍人口()A.遷入率持續(xù)上升B.遷出率持續(xù)降低

C.機(jī)械增長(zhǎng)率緩慢下降 D.累計(jì)凈遷入量逐年增加 19.從人口遷移模式看，該省級(jí)行政區(qū)可能是()A.上海B.安徽 C.湖南 D.河南

圖7為我國(guó)某城市中心區(qū)遷移示意圖。讀圖回答20～21題。

圖7 20.該地區(qū)城市化的主要表現(xiàn)是()A.經(jīng)濟(jì)水平提高 B.城市等級(jí)上升 C.交通通達(dá)度提高D.城市地域范圍擴(kuò)大

21.影響該城市中心區(qū)發(fā)生遷移的主要原因是()A.城市人口增長(zhǎng) B.交通方式變化 C.經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大D.生活方式改變

讀漫畫(圖8)——“圣誕老人劃船送禮”，回答22～23題。

圖8 22.圖中所示環(huán)境問題產(chǎn)生的主要原因可能是()A.過度開采地下水

B.大量燃燒化石燃料 C.擴(kuò)大濕地面積D.大量排放污水

23.發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是應(yīng)對(duì)上述環(huán)境問題、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要途徑。不符合循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的行為是()

A.生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和銷售企業(yè)全程實(shí)行清潔生產(chǎn) B.消費(fèi)者選用環(huán)保產(chǎn)品，減少?gòu)U棄物排放 C.政府加強(qiáng)對(duì)產(chǎn)品生命周期的環(huán)境監(jiān)管 D.圍湖造地，增加土地面積發(fā)展房地產(chǎn) 圖9表示某河流流域范圍，讀圖完成24～25題。

圖9 24.造成流域內(nèi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ兩區(qū)域差異的主要因素是（）A.降水B.地形C.植被D.氣溫

25.要合理開發(fā)利用該河流及其流域的優(yōu)勢(shì)資源，下列說法不正確的是（）A.Ⅰ區(qū)域內(nèi)應(yīng)大力發(fā)展乳畜業(yè)B.Ⅱ區(qū)域內(nèi)宜發(fā)展耕作業(yè) C.Ⅰ區(qū)河段宜開發(fā)水電D.Ⅱ區(qū)河段宜引水灌溉

讀德國(guó)魯爾區(qū)(圖10)和我國(guó)鞍山鋼鐵工業(yè)基地圖(圖11)，比較兩地的區(qū)位特點(diǎn)，回答26～27題。

圖10圖11

26.兩地發(fā)展鋼鐵工業(yè)，相同的區(qū)位因素是()

①接近煤炭產(chǎn)地 ②水陸交通便利 ③市場(chǎng)廣闊 ④有大量廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力 A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④

27.從20世紀(jì)80年代初開始，鞍鋼工業(yè)基地效益越來(lái)越差，在整治過程中可以向魯爾區(qū)借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)有()

①調(diào)整工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) ②發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè) ③優(yōu)化環(huán)境 ④從外區(qū)調(diào)入大量淡水 A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④

圖12 圖12為我國(guó)部分地區(qū)主要土地利用類型分布示意圖，讀圖完成28～30題。28.目前，甲、乙、丙所在區(qū)域的主要生態(tài)問題分別是（）A.森林減少、濕地破壞、土地荒漠化 B.土地荒漠化、濕地破壞、森林減少 C.森林減少、土地荒漠化、濕地破壞 D.濕地破壞、土地荒漠化、森林減少

29.導(dǎo)致甲所在區(qū)域生態(tài)問題的主要原因是（）A.過度放牧B.過度開墾

C.水資源不合理利用D.過度砍伐

30.丙所在區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展應(yīng)采取的主要措施是（）A.開辟水源，合理灌溉B.植樹造林，保持水土 C.合理采伐，及時(shí)撫育D.退耕還濕，建保護(hù)區(qū)

二、判斷題：判斷下列各題的正確與錯(cuò)誤，正確的填A(yù)，錯(cuò)誤的填B(本部分共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)。

31.太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)最主要的標(biāo)志是光球?qū)又械奶?yáng)風(fēng)。（）32.巖石圈物質(zhì)循環(huán)中，三大類巖石之間都可以直接相互轉(zhuǎn)化。（）33.海陸熱力性質(zhì)差異是形成東亞季風(fēng)的主要原因。（）34.地球內(nèi)部由外到內(nèi)可劃分為巖石圈、地幔和地核三個(gè)圈層。（）35.陸地上的水主要靠陸地內(nèi)循環(huán)補(bǔ)給。（）36.城市的等級(jí)越高，其數(shù)目越多，服務(wù)范圍越大。（）37.當(dāng)今，水土流失和土地荒漠化都屬于生態(tài)破壞中的環(huán)境問題。（）38.隨著運(yùn)輸條件和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，工業(yè)區(qū)位受原料產(chǎn)地的制約越來(lái)越小。（）39.城市建筑景觀和格局等往往反映出地域文化對(duì)城市的影響。（）40.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)大力提倡低碳生活。()

三、綜合題：(本部分4大題，共30分)。

41.地理環(huán)境各要素相互聯(lián)系、相互影響，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)有機(jī)整體。讀圖13，完成下列問題。(9分)

圖13(1)在“氣壓帶與風(fēng)帶模式圖”中甲地相應(yīng)的位置用箭頭畫出該風(fēng)帶的風(fēng)向。(1分)(2)在“洋流分布模式圖”中，b處洋流屬于________(暖流或寒流)。g處洋流對(duì)“氣候類型分布模式圖”中的F處沿海地區(qū)氣候的影響是_________________________。(2分)(3)D氣候類型的特點(diǎn)是___________，成因是________________________，與之對(duì)應(yīng)的同緯度地區(qū)大陸東岸G區(qū)的自然帶是__________________________。(3分)(4)在“自然帶分布模式圖”中，沿自然帶①②③④方向的變化體現(xiàn)了地理環(huán)境地域分異規(guī)律中的________________地域分異，其成因是___________________________。(2分)

(5)以上各地理要素的相互關(guān)系體現(xiàn)了地理環(huán)境的____________________特征。(1分)42.讀圖14，回答下列問題。(7分)

圖14 某地地質(zhì)剖面示意圖

(1)甲處地質(zhì)構(gòu)造是________；丙處地質(zhì)構(gòu)造是__________。(2分)

(2)乙處成山的原因是__________________________________________________。(1分)(3)圖中所示的水循環(huán)類型為__________，丁環(huán)節(jié)為__________。(2分)

(4)丙地河流蘊(yùn)藏有豐富的水力資源，原因是_____________、_____________。(2分)43.閱讀相關(guān)材料，回答下列問題。(7分)

材料一 “十二五”期間，內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)將加強(qiáng)與北京市的合作，主要包括積極承接北京市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移；通過煤炭就地轉(zhuǎn)化、發(fā)展風(fēng)電等新能源，實(shí)施“西電東送”；建設(shè)綠色農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品基地等。

材料二 圖15為我國(guó)部分地區(qū)簡(jiǎn)圖。

圖15

(1)在我國(guó)三大自然區(qū)中，北京位于________區(qū)，內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)主要位于____________區(qū)。(2分)

(2)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)向北京市調(diào)運(yùn)能源的主要原因有________________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(3)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)承接北京市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐挠绊懼饕衉___________________、____________________等。(2分)

(4)制約該地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用的主要自然因素是__。(1分)44.讀下列材料，回答問題。(7分)

材料一 新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，我國(guó)的很多地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，圖16中A、B、C、D所在區(qū)域的農(nóng)業(yè)均得到了快速的發(fā)展。

圖16圖17 基塘模式

材料二 基塘模式(如圖17)是通過挖塘抬田形成基塘傳統(tǒng)的?；~塘。如今，“蔗基魚塘”、“果基魚塘”、“花基魚塘”等更多形式的基塘農(nóng)業(yè)不斷出現(xiàn)。

(1)從農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型來(lái)看，A是__________，其生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)是________________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(2)從影響農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位因素來(lái)看，限制A地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要區(qū)位因素是________________________________________________________________________。(1分)

(3)C地區(qū)特色農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式如圖17所示，分析材料二，C地區(qū)該農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式所屬農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型是____________；該農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型，澳大利亞墨累達(dá)令盆地分布最為典型，該農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn)有____________________、__________________。(3分)

(4)近年來(lái)，C、D兩地區(qū)城市周邊的農(nóng)民紛紛放棄糧食生產(chǎn)，改種蔬菜、花卉、瓜果等農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品，決定其調(diào)整生產(chǎn)對(duì)象的首要區(qū)位因素是____________。(1分)

第二篇：2018小高考沖刺卷(三)答案（范文模版）

小高考沖刺卷(三)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.D 解析：太陽(yáng)直射北半球，南京的晝長(zhǎng)大于夜長(zhǎng)，即晝長(zhǎng)時(shí)間大于12小時(shí)。2.A 解析：直射點(diǎn)位置幾乎相同的節(jié)氣是以夏至日或冬至日對(duì)稱的節(jié)氣。3.A 解析：亞歐大陸上形成高壓且高壓勢(shì)力強(qiáng)盛，故多為冬季。

4.B 解析：雷陣雨一般發(fā)生在我國(guó)夏季午后；從圖中可以看出冷鋒已過境，未來(lái)數(shù)日天氣逐漸轉(zhuǎn)暖。

5.B 解析：圖中H因?yàn)槌鞘袦囟雀?，故近地面形成熱低壓；甲處為鄉(xiāng)村，形成相對(duì)冷高壓，故風(fēng)向由高壓指向低壓，在地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力作用下形成西北風(fēng)。

6.D 解析：等壓面向高空彎曲的地方是高壓；等溫面向高空彎曲的地方溫度較高。7.A 解析：甲地為溫帶海洋性氣候，終年溫和濕潤(rùn)，最低月氣溫大于0℃。乙地為地中海氣候，年降水量在300～1000mm，主要集中在冬季。

8.C 解析：N地盛行東南風(fēng)時(shí)，北半球?yàn)橄募尽Ｃ晒鸥邏簞?shì)力在冬季強(qiáng)盛；丁地仍為溫帶大陸性氣候；南京晝長(zhǎng)大于夜長(zhǎng)。

9.C 解析：圖示為冷鋒。丙處為暖氣團(tuán)控制，甲處為冷鋒過境后冷氣團(tuán)控制，乙處是冷鋒過境時(shí)。

10.B 解析：甲處為冷氣團(tuán)控制，天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴；乙處冷鋒過境，過境后天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴；丙處即將冷鋒過境，風(fēng)力增大，天氣轉(zhuǎn)陰。

11.B 解析：雁蕩山是流紋巖古火山，故為巖漿巖；圖中丁為巖漿、乙為巖漿巖、甲為變質(zhì)巖、丙為沉積巖。一般來(lái)說兩個(gè)箭頭進(jìn)、兩個(gè)箭頭出表示變質(zhì)巖。只有巖漿才能形成巖漿巖。

12.D 解析：峽谷主要由流水侵蝕作用形成的。

13.C 解析：圖中①⑤為溫帶森林帶；②④為溫帶草原帶；③為溫帶荒漠帶。14.A 解析：⑤―④―③體現(xiàn)了從沿海向內(nèi)陸的地域分異規(guī)律，以水分為基礎(chǔ)。15.B 解析：在市中心，①利用效益最低，③利用效益最高，故①為工業(yè)用地、②為居住用地、③為商業(yè)用地。

16.C 解析：該城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)以市中心為圓心形成同心圓模式。

17.B 解析：④在1990年后變化幅度較大，故為城鎮(zhèn)人口規(guī)模；②的總趨勢(shì)是下降的，故為家庭規(guī)模。

18.C 解析：②的總趨勢(shì)是下降的，因?yàn)榛橛^念不斷改變，導(dǎo)致家庭人口規(guī)模也變小。19.C 解析：咖啡是熱帶經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，其分布的主導(dǎo)因素是熱量。20.B 解析：咖啡種植為種植園農(nóng)業(yè)。

21.C 解析：①地商品率高且種植業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)所占比重相似，故為混合農(nóng)業(yè)。22.D 解析：②種植業(yè)比重大，畜牧業(yè)和商品率都低，為水稻種植業(yè)。

23.D 解析：從圖中可以看出，凈收入隨距城市中心距離而發(fā)生變化的，最高點(diǎn)在居民區(qū)附近，故為家具制造業(yè)。

24.D 解析：市中心地租高。

25.C 解析：工業(yè)分散有利于充分利用各國(guó)先進(jìn)技術(shù)。26.A 解析：組裝廠為勞動(dòng)力密集型企業(yè)。

27.B 解析：夏季風(fēng)的強(qiáng)弱，導(dǎo)致我國(guó)南澇北旱或南旱北澇。28.B 解析：P處降水較多的季節(jié)是夏季。

29.D 解析：農(nóng)業(yè)糧食估產(chǎn)主要是RS和GIS；地震災(zāi)情評(píng)估和城市減困房安置主要是GIS。

30.C 解析：川氣東輸改善輸入地的能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)，減輕了大氣污染。

二、判斷題

31.A 解析：太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈爆發(fā)時(shí)，會(huì)干擾無(wú)線電短波通信。

32.B 解析：巖石圈位于軟流層以上，不包括軟流層，由堅(jiān)硬的巖石組成。

33.B 解析：大氣圈、水圈、巖石圈和生物圈四個(gè)圈層構(gòu)成了人類賴以生存的自然地理環(huán)境。

34.B 解析：前提是在熱力環(huán)流中，氣溫低的氣壓高。但是如副熱帶高壓就是氣壓溫，氣壓也高。

35.A 解析：差異性要求我們農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要因地制宜。36.B 解析：背斜成山、向斜成谷主要是內(nèi)力作用形成的。

37.B 解析：工業(yè)文明時(shí)期的人地關(guān)系思想主要表現(xiàn)為人地關(guān)系最緊張。38.A 解析：影響人口遷移主要因素是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，但不是決定因素。39.B 解析：西北干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中帶來(lái)的主要問題是土地荒漠化。40.B 解析：塔里木盆地中的綠洲屬于非地帶性現(xiàn)象。

三、綜合題 41.(8分)(1)18日22時(shí)32分 C 快(3分)(2)廣州 廣州(2分)(3)黃赤交角 晝夜長(zhǎng)短 四季(3分)解析：(1)圖中A為春分日、B為夏至日、C為秋分日、D為冬至日。

(2)太陽(yáng)直射北半球，北半球緯度越高，晝?cè)蕉?。越靠近直射點(diǎn)，正午太陽(yáng)高度越大。(3)記住黃赤交角的意義。42.(共9分)(1)20 9(2分)(2)夏季高溫多雨，冬季溫和少雨(1分)(3)航速減慢(費(fèi)時(shí))能耗增加(耗能)(2分)(4)乳畜業(yè) 光熱不足，不利于谷物種植；全年較濕潤(rùn)，利于多汁牧草生長(zhǎng)。(2分)(5)原因：郊區(qū)較市區(qū)地價(jià)低、環(huán)境優(yōu)美；郊區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐漸完善；市區(qū)與郊區(qū)的交通、通信日趨便捷。(任寫二點(diǎn)，2分)解析：(1)當(dāng)西四區(qū)的時(shí)間為12：00時(shí)，則倫敦時(shí)間為16：00。

(2)拉沃拉耶最冷月氣溫在0度以上且雨熱同期，則為亞熱帶季風(fēng)性(濕潤(rùn))氣候，其氣候特征是夏季高溫多雨，冬季溫和少雨。

(3)洋流為巴西暖流，自北向南流。

(4)英國(guó)地處溫帶海洋性氣候的乳畜業(yè)，故自然原因是光熱不足，不利于谷物種植；全年較濕潤(rùn)，利于多汁牧草生長(zhǎng)。

(5)郊區(qū)城市化現(xiàn)象的原因是郊區(qū)較市區(qū)地價(jià)低、環(huán)境優(yōu)美；郊區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐漸完善；市區(qū)與郊區(qū)的交通、通信日趨便捷。

43.(7分)(1)有利：增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)；促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)(任寫一點(diǎn)，1分)不利：可能造成環(huán)境污染。(1分)(2)交通運(yùn)輸 甲(2分)(3)水旱災(zāi)害多發(fā)(1分)(4)人為原因：植被破壞，水土流失加劇；圍湖造田，湖泊萎縮。(任寫一點(diǎn)，1分)措施：以水土保持為中心，營(yíng)造防護(hù)林；嚴(yán)禁沿湖圍墾，退耕還湖；搞好分洪工程等。(任寫一點(diǎn)，1分)解析：(1)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)出區(qū)和轉(zhuǎn)入?yún)^(qū)的意義要記牢。(2)大型機(jī)車制造廠建在甲處原因有交通便利，水源充足。(3)江漢平原地處我國(guó)季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，因旱澇災(zāi)害，故水利工程量大。

(4)鄱陽(yáng)湖面積不斷萎縮的人為原因是植被破壞，水土流失加劇，河床淤積；圍湖造田。44.(共6分)(1)南暖北寒 南北溫差大(2分)(2)亞洲(西伯利亞、蒙古)高壓(反氣旋)寒冷干燥(2分)(3)有利：夏季高溫多雨，雨熱同期，有利于作物生長(zhǎng)。(1分)不利：旱澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)；冬季寒潮使作物易受凍害。(任寫一點(diǎn)，1分)解析：第(1)問，影響氣溫的主要因素是太陽(yáng)高度角和晝夜長(zhǎng)短，冬季北方太陽(yáng)高度角小，夜較長(zhǎng)，故地表獲得的太陽(yáng)輻射較少。第(2)問，東北地區(qū)為溫帶季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，故冬季寒冷干燥。第(3)問，影響要答有利和不利影響，這個(gè)要記得。

第三篇：2018小高考沖刺卷(二)

小高考沖刺卷(二)

地理

本試卷滿分100分，考試時(shí)間75分鐘。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題：在下列各小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最符合題目要求(本部分共30小題，每小題2分，共60分)。

圖1

2016年10月17日7時(shí)30分，我國(guó)在酒泉成功發(fā)射“神舟十一號(hào)”載人飛船。結(jié)合圖1，回答1～2題。

1.“神舟十一號(hào)”發(fā)射時(shí)()

A.莫斯科(東三區(qū))日當(dāng)正午

B.紐約(西五區(qū))繁星閃爍 C.倫敦(零時(shí)區(qū))夜幕深沉

D.東京(東九區(qū))夕陽(yáng)西下

2.酒泉與其他三大航天基地相比()

A.氣候海洋性特征明顯

B.氣候大陸性特征明顯 C.正午太陽(yáng)高度最大

D.植被覆蓋率最高

圖2

讀圖2，回答3～4題。

3.天體甲可能為()

A.木星或土星

B.天王星或海王星 C.水星或金星

D.月球或火星

4.天體甲不可能存在生命的主要原因是()

A.沒有固體外殼

B.溫度過高，表面無(wú)液態(tài)水 C.體積太大，表面壓強(qiáng)過高

D.公轉(zhuǎn)速度太慢 讀某區(qū)域某時(shí)刻海平面等壓線圖(圖3)，回答5～6題。

圖3

5.此時(shí)北京的天氣特征是()

A.干熱

B.干冷

C.濕冷

D.濕熱

6.①、②兩地氣候相比()

A.都具有明顯的大陸性

B.都具有明顯的海洋性 C.形成原因完全相同

D.①地的降水變率小于②地 讀汾河谷地景觀圖(圖4)，回答7～8題。

圖4 7.圖中谷地形成的主要原因是()

A.河流侵蝕作用

B.冰川侵蝕作用 C.斷層發(fā)育，地勢(shì)下沉

D.風(fēng)力侵蝕作用

8.汾河谷地兩岸黃土臺(tái)地廣泛分布，其黃土可能來(lái)源于()A.東部濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)

B.青藏高寒地區(qū) C.西北干旱地區(qū)

D.北方半濕潤(rùn)地區(qū) 讀福建省豪山植被垂直分布示意圖(圖5)，回答9～10題。

圖5

9.海拔800米以下缺乏原生植被的原因是()

A.土壤貧瘠

B.人類活動(dòng)

C.地形限制

D.氣候異常 10.該山地從山麓到山頂均以亞熱帶植被為主的原因是()

A.緯度位置

B.降水變化

C.溫度差異

D.海拔高度

《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》2015年9月25日消息，世界最大的電子產(chǎn)品代工企業(yè)富士康近期與印度馬哈拉施特拉邦政府簽署協(xié)議，承諾將在未來(lái)5年投資50億美元建設(shè)工廠。有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，這是新的世界低成本制造基地正在崛起的跡象。據(jù)此回答11～12題。

11.印度打造世界低成本制造基地的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)在于()

A.環(huán)境容量

B.科技

C.資源

D.勞動(dòng)力 12.與印度具有相同優(yōu)勢(shì)的國(guó)家有()

A.巴西

B.越南

C.日本

D.法國(guó)

截至2015年7月，河北省簽約三大海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目，均落戶唐山。海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)接近用電需求量大的大中型城市，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)用電就近消化，降低輸送成本。這些海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目，將在未來(lái)為京津冀地區(qū)送入“綠電”。據(jù)此回答13～14題。

13.與陸上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)相比，海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要是()

①不占用耕地 ②不受地形地貌影響 ③技術(shù)要求不高 ④風(fēng)速更大，風(fēng)電機(jī)組單機(jī)容量更大

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 14.河北省加快海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的意義有()

①提升大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量 ②調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu) ③轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式 ④從根本上解決能源短缺問題

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 城市休閑商務(wù)區(qū)(英文簡(jiǎn)稱RBD)作為城市重要的游憩空間，是為外來(lái)游客和城市居民提供休閑消費(fèi)的場(chǎng)所。結(jié)合圖6，回答15～16題。

圖6 北京城市RBD與主要公路交通干道的關(guān)系

15.建設(shè)城市休閑商務(wù)區(qū)的積極意義表現(xiàn)在()

①凸顯城市特色，提供城市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 ②改善城市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) ③提升城市人口總量 ④完善城市內(nèi)部設(shè)施

A.①②③

B.①③④

C.①②④

D.②③④ 16.城市休閑商務(wù)區(qū)()

①主要分布在城市邊緣地區(qū) ②一般與其他功能區(qū)混雜在一起，功能更廣泛 ③夜間人口密度較低 ④所在區(qū)域地價(jià)不高

A.①②

B.②③

C.①③

D.③④

成都快速路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃為“三環(huán)十六射”，力爭(zhēng)在“十二五”期間建成。讀“三環(huán)十六射” 示意圖(圖7)，回答17～18題。

圖7

17.圖中二環(huán)路的主要作用是()

A.加強(qiáng)城區(qū)與外界的聯(lián)系

B.形成快速進(jìn)出城的道路條件 C.保證市內(nèi)交通暢通

D.緩解城西方向的交通壓力 18.“三環(huán)十六射”的建成()

A.將促使城市中心商務(wù)區(qū)向外遷移，以減輕城市交通壓力 B.將加快市區(qū)人口向郊外遷移，從而完成逆城市化 C.將推動(dòng)城市化進(jìn)程，大幅度提升城市化水平

D.將完善成都城區(qū)路網(wǎng)體系，提升整個(gè)路網(wǎng)的承載能力

讀2012年山西省與全國(guó)三大產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)比重比較圖(圖8)，回答19～20題。

圖8 2012年山西省與全國(guó)三大產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)比重比較圖

19.山西省第二產(chǎn)業(yè)比重明顯高于全國(guó)平均水平的主要原因是()

A.歷史悠久，生產(chǎn)水平高

B.能源豐富，煤炭工業(yè)規(guī)模大 C.位置優(yōu)越，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展速度快

D.政策優(yōu)惠，工業(yè)優(yōu)先發(fā)展 20.山西省的三產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)()

A.相對(duì)合理

B.與市場(chǎng)需求關(guān)系不大 C.利于第一、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大

D.易對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞

圖9 以色列是世所罕見的自然條件惡劣的國(guó)家，但其農(nóng)業(yè)不但滿足了國(guó)內(nèi)95%左右的需要，還大量出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，并向世界上60多個(gè)國(guó)家輸出農(nóng)用物資設(shè)備和傳授農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。結(jié)合圖9，回答21～22題。

21.影響以色列農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的惡劣自然條件表現(xiàn)在()

A.氣候濕熱、旱澇頻發(fā)

B.熱量不足、凍土廣布 C.風(fēng)沙肆虐、臺(tái)風(fēng)連連

D.土壤貧瘠、水源奇缺 22.以色列發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)的決定性因素是()

A.交通

B.光照

C.技術(shù)

D.市場(chǎng) 讀我國(guó)某省區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)模式圖(圖10)，回答23～24題。

圖10 23.該省區(qū)可能是()

A.江蘇

B.河南

C.山東

D.貴州 24.該省區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)模式存在的問題主要是()

A.露天采礦導(dǎo)致土地荒漠化

B.生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大，環(huán)境壓力大 C.能耗高，環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重

D.生產(chǎn)聯(lián)系過于密切，成本高

讀陜北中北部黃土丘陵區(qū)植物群落地形垂直變化示意圖(圖11)，回答25～26題。

圖11 25.圖示區(qū)域典型的環(huán)境特征是()

A.植被茂盛，土壤肥沃

B.降水豐沛，河流縱橫 C.地形崎嶇，生物多樣

D.氣候干旱，地表破碎 26.該區(qū)域以大面積以草本植被為主的自然原因是()

A.溫度差異

B.水分差異

C.光照差異

D.土質(zhì)差異 讀亞馬孫河水系圖(圖12)，回答27～28題。

圖12

27.亞馬孫河具有非常優(yōu)越的航運(yùn)條件，原因是（）①水量豐沛，河寬水深 ②經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地寬廣 ③全年無(wú)結(jié)冰期 ④干支流間可以直接通航 A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 28.亞馬孫河流域水能資源集中在支流上，原因是()

①干流生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，不宜開發(fā) ②干流河道寬闊，水面平緩 ③支流從山地或高原進(jìn)入平原，落差大，水流急 ④支流開發(fā)成本低于干流，技術(shù)要求低

A.①②

B.②③

C.①④

D.②④

我國(guó)最大的淡水湖——鄱陽(yáng)湖沙漠化面積近60萬(wàn)畝，并每年以3至5米的速度向外蔓延，這些星羅棋布的沙堆被當(dāng)?shù)胤Q為“江南傷疤”。結(jié)合圖13回答29～30題。

圖13 29.鄱陽(yáng)湖沙漠化的原因包括()

①圍湖造田 ②水土流失 ③氣候變化 ④人口遷移

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.②③④

D.①③④ 30.能夠有效治理鄱陽(yáng)湖土地沙化的措施是（）①退耕還湖，擴(kuò)大水面 ②植樹造林，提高植被覆蓋率

③停止沿湖地區(qū)所有經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)，建立濕地保護(hù)區(qū)

④加大湖區(qū)水利工程建設(shè)力度，進(jìn)行人工干預(yù)

A.①②

B.①③

C.①④

D.②③

二、判斷題：判斷下列各題的正確與錯(cuò)誤，正確的填A(yù)，錯(cuò)誤的填B(本部分共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)。

31.地幔與地核的分界面叫作莫霍界面。（）32.溫室氣體大量吸收太陽(yáng)輻射導(dǎo)致全球氣候變暖。（）33.除南極洲外，各大洲均分布有夏季濕熱、冬季干冷的地中海氣候。（）34.在海洋生物作用下形成碳酸鈣沉淀，這是減緩大氣中二氧化碳增加的主要途徑。（）35.產(chǎn)品不便于長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸或產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸成本較高的企業(yè)一般應(yīng)接近原料產(chǎn)地。（）36.影響季風(fēng)區(qū)水稻生產(chǎn)的主要?dú)庀鬄?zāi)害是臺(tái)風(fēng)與寒潮。（）37.RS技術(shù)可用于資源普查、農(nóng)業(yè)估產(chǎn)和環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)。（）38.最快捷、最靈活的運(yùn)輸方式是空運(yùn)。（）39.原油冶煉排放的二氧化硫是造成我國(guó)酸雨影響范圍大、危害嚴(yán)重的主要原因。（）40.某區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是指因地制宜促進(jìn)其生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。()

三、綜合題：(本部分4大題，共30分)。

41.根據(jù)圖文材料，回答下列問題。(7分)

圖14

據(jù)新華社斯德哥爾摩2016年8月29日電，第26屆“世界水周”論壇29日在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩開幕，為期5天的論壇圍繞“用于實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)的水資源”這一主題，探討如何應(yīng)對(duì)水資源短缺所帶來(lái)的各項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。

(1)上圖中①、②地區(qū)水資源緊缺的主要原因不同，請(qǐng)從A、B中選擇正確答案填空(填字母)。

①地區(qū)________，②地區(qū)________。(2分)

A.常年受副熱帶高壓帶控制，降水稀少，氣候干旱 B.深居內(nèi)陸，遠(yuǎn)離海洋，降水稀少，氣候干旱

(2)8月29日，太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)接近上圖中的________(填字母)點(diǎn)附近。此時(shí)，北半球晝夜分布狀況是____________________________。(2分)

(3)解決水資源緊缺的措施有哪些？(3分)

________________________________________________________________________ 42.法國(guó)是當(dāng)今世界重要的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)之一，結(jié)合材料回答問題。(7分)

材料一 法國(guó)是世界上最大的甜菜生產(chǎn)國(guó)。1994年甜菜種植面積為43.6萬(wàn)公頃，產(chǎn)量為2 900萬(wàn)噸，占?xì)W洲甜菜總產(chǎn)量的21.2%，占世界總產(chǎn)量的11.2%。

圖15 材料二 羅訥河是一條孕育葡萄酒的河流，羅訥河谷地是法國(guó)最早的葡萄酒產(chǎn)地。羅訥河谷產(chǎn)區(qū)的葡萄酒豐富多彩，其紅葡萄酒以口感濃郁、略帶辛辣為主要特征。尤其南部鵝卵石地貌區(qū)，共有格納希Grenache、希拉Syrah等13種法定葡萄品種。

(1)法國(guó)甜菜產(chǎn)區(qū)主要分布區(qū)在北部的自然因素___________________________。(3分)(2)解釋羅訥河谷地南部成為主要葡萄酒產(chǎn)地的條件。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________(3)中國(guó)大面積引種甜菜始于1906年，先在東北試種。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述其原因。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________ 43.閱讀材料，完成下列問題。(7分)

材料 世界某區(qū)域某時(shí)天氣形勢(shì)圖及D河流干流水電梯級(jí)開發(fā)示意圖(圖16)。

圖16(1)此時(shí)A地盛行______風(fēng)，未來(lái)幾天將受______(填天氣系統(tǒng))影響。(2分)

(2)B、C海域都有世界著名漁場(chǎng)，其形成的共同原因是______________

。(1分)(3)D河流實(shí)施水電梯級(jí)開發(fā)的有利條件是多個(gè)河段________。當(dāng)?shù)貞{借廉價(jià)的電力，吸引了大量__________________工業(yè)。(2分)

(4)19世紀(jì)中葉，A地和E城市成為鋼鐵工業(yè)基地的共同的優(yōu)勢(shì)資源是________。如今，為實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，兩地大力發(fā)展________與第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)多元化。(2分)

44.讀黃土高原位置(圖17)及其生態(tài)地理分區(qū)方案圖(圖18)，回答問題。(9分)

圖17

圖18(1)圖中ⅠC1應(yīng)該為何種類型的生態(tài)地理分區(qū)？________，其成因是_________。(2分)

(2)黃土高原生態(tài)地理分區(qū)方案體現(xiàn)了________地域分異規(guī)律，形成基礎(chǔ)是_____________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(3)黃土高原擁有巨厚的黃土層，請(qǐng)分析其形成過程。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________(4)黃土高原水土流失嚴(yán)重，請(qǐng)從地理環(huán)境的整體性角度加以分析說明。(3分)

第四篇：2018小高考沖刺卷(六)答案

小高考沖刺卷(六)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.D 解析：觀察日地距離可知：A為冬至，B為春分，C為夏至，D為秋分。2.D 解析：河外星系是與銀河系同一級(jí)別的天體系統(tǒng)，太陽(yáng)系和地月系位于銀河系中。3.B 解析：花崗巖屬于巖漿巖，巖漿巖只能由巖漿轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，由此推斷：圖3中丁為巖漿，乙為巖漿巖。

4.A 解析：巖漿侵入巖石圈形成花崗巖，地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)使花崗巖抬升隆起為山地，外力風(fēng)化、侵蝕形成花崗巖石柱?；鹕絿姲l(fā)形成噴出型巖漿巖。

5.D 解析：有云的白天，云層反射太陽(yáng)輻射，氣溫不會(huì)太高；夜晚，云層增強(qiáng)了大氣逆輻射，氣溫不會(huì)太低，氣溫日較差小。

6.C 解析：冬季北方地區(qū)燃煤和汽車尾氣排放大量粉塵和懸浮顆粒物，是造成霧霾的主要原因。建筑揚(yáng)塵的顆粒物較大，易沉降；沙塵暴發(fā)生時(shí)伴有大風(fēng)，可吹散霧霾。

7.D 解析：斷層處易發(fā)生地震，與地形無(wú)關(guān)；山地不能避免臺(tái)風(fēng)、暴雨的侵襲；平原向山坡過渡的地帶地勢(shì)較高，能避開洪水威脅。

8.D 解析：南方低山丘陵地區(qū)主要的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題是植被破壞造成的水土流失，栽培果樹既能增加農(nóng)民收入，又能提高植被覆蓋率，涵養(yǎng)水源、保持水土。陡坡修建梯田易造成水土流失，A錯(cuò)；擴(kuò)大水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模不能改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，B錯(cuò)；山區(qū)旅游業(yè)強(qiáng)度過大也會(huì)造成生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞，C錯(cuò)。

9.C 解析：根據(jù)全球氣壓帶風(fēng)帶的分布規(guī)律可知，③圖為南半球，風(fēng)帶1為東南信風(fēng)，風(fēng)帶2為盛行西風(fēng)，氣壓帶為副熱帶高氣壓帶。

10.C 解析：受副熱帶高氣壓帶的常年控制，形成全年炎熱干燥的熱帶沙漠氣候。11.C 解析：從山麓到山頂?shù)淖匀粠ё兓w現(xiàn)了垂直地域分異規(guī)律。12.A 解析：天山北坡為迎風(fēng)坡，受北冰洋水汽影響，降水多。

13.A 解析：西藏地處青藏高原，平均海拔4 000米左右，空氣稀薄，大氣對(duì)太陽(yáng)輻射的削弱少。

14.A 解析：當(dāng)太陽(yáng)能熱水器的集熱板和地面夾角與當(dāng)?shù)氐恼缣?yáng)高度角互余時(shí)，熱水器的工作效率最高。根據(jù)拉薩的地理緯度可推知，6月22日的正午太陽(yáng)高度約為83°26′，則角α為6°34′。

15.C 解析：自然增長(zhǎng)率＝出生率－死亡率。自然增長(zhǎng)率大于零則人口一直在增加；自然增長(zhǎng)率小于零則人口為負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，人口減少。江蘇省出生率大于死亡率，人口一直在增加，沒有出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，A錯(cuò)、C對(duì)。廣西人口自然增長(zhǎng)率并不是逐年遞增，B錯(cuò)；廣西的人口增長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)是低出生率、低死亡率和低自然增長(zhǎng)率，D錯(cuò)。

16.C 解析：江蘇省是我國(guó)東部沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，人口死亡率高是人口老齡化所致。17.A 解析：珠江三角洲地區(qū)是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)比重高而第一產(chǎn)業(yè)比重低。等邊三角坐標(biāo)圖的判讀方法：先沿三條邊數(shù)值增大的方向畫出三個(gè)箭頭；在圖中某點(diǎn)作與外圍三個(gè)箭頭平行的箭頭，三個(gè)箭頭所指的數(shù)值就是所對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的百分比。其中甲的三次產(chǎn)業(yè)比重分別是5%、50%、45%，故A正確。

18.A 解析：珠江三角洲地區(qū)是我國(guó)改革開放的最前沿，利用臨近港澳和東南亞的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，接受產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、設(shè)備和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，促進(jìn)了工業(yè)化和城市化發(fā)展。

19.C 解析：上海市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，水陸交通便利，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，人口眾多，市場(chǎng)廣闊；城市化水平高，第一產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)比重小。

20.A 解析：綠島農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位于崇明島，崇明島是我國(guó)第三大島，地形平坦，耕地廣闊，適合大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，與上海市區(qū)有長(zhǎng)江分隔，環(huán)境污染小，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)高。

21.A 解析：在影響現(xiàn)代交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的各個(gè)因素中，自然條件是基礎(chǔ)因素，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是決定因素，科學(xué)技術(shù)是保障因素；連淮揚(yáng)鎮(zhèn)鐵路是客運(yùn)專線，礦產(chǎn)資源的開發(fā)對(duì)其影響不大。

22.D 解析：交通運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展會(huì)影響沿線城市的空間形態(tài)，但不會(huì)造成根本改變，A錯(cuò)；連淮揚(yáng)鎮(zhèn)鐵路是客運(yùn)專線鐵路，不能解決能源問題，B錯(cuò)；連淮揚(yáng)鎮(zhèn)客運(yùn)專線鐵路的建設(shè)可以推動(dòng)沿線地區(qū)城市化的發(fā)展，不能使全省的城市化保存一致，C錯(cuò)；連淮揚(yáng)鎮(zhèn)客運(yùn)專線鐵路連接了蘇南、蘇中和蘇北，加強(qiáng)了區(qū)域聯(lián)系。

23.D 解析：相對(duì)于歐盟國(guó)家，我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較低，科技水平低，企業(yè)勞動(dòng)效率低，工人工資不高，生產(chǎn)成本低；玩具制作企業(yè)的規(guī)模小。

24.B 解析：由于歐盟《玩具安全指令》導(dǎo)致廣東玩具企業(yè)成本增加一到二成，利潤(rùn)空間降低；加大科技創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品的附加值可以創(chuàng)造更多的利潤(rùn)。

25.C 解析：甲是黃河上游，乙是長(zhǎng)江上游，沒有豐富的石油資源，A錯(cuò)；山區(qū)不適合發(fā)展種植業(yè)，B錯(cuò)；都流經(jīng)一、二級(jí)階梯的交界處，落差大，水能資源豐富，C正確；河流上游水流湍急，不適合發(fā)展航運(yùn)，D錯(cuò)。

26.D 解析：沙塵暴主要發(fā)生在北方地區(qū)，A錯(cuò)；石漠化發(fā)生在我國(guó)南方低山丘陵區(qū)和西南云貴高原地區(qū)，B錯(cuò)；土壤次生鹽堿化主要發(fā)生在氣候較干旱的華北和西北地區(qū)，C錯(cuò)；長(zhǎng)江、黃河的中下游地區(qū)都是我國(guó)人口稠密、城市集中、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，河流污染是主要的環(huán)境問題。

27.D 解析：從事制造業(yè)的人口比重可以反映出產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，人均收入可以反映區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平。由此推斷：甲為經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，有較充足的資金和較先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。

28.A 解析：乙地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)欠發(fā)達(dá)，產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移能夠加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，A正確；對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的移出地，“騰籠換鳥”，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供新的發(fā)展空間，B錯(cuò)；對(duì)移入地，產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移有利于增加就業(yè)崗位，但未必能形成新的制造業(yè)基地，C、D錯(cuò)。

29.B 解析：化工廠、煉油廠既污染大氣，也污染水源，A錯(cuò)；電鍍廠、皮革廠主要污染水源，B正確；發(fā)電廠、釀造廠主要有大氣污染，C錯(cuò)；造紙廠污染水源，水泥廠污染大氣，D錯(cuò)。

30.C 解析：①位于冬季風(fēng)的上風(fēng)，不適合布局有大氣污染的工廠，A錯(cuò)；②靠近農(nóng)田和綠地，不適合布局有固體廢棄物污染的工廠，位于河流上游，不適合布局污染水源的工廠，B錯(cuò)誤；③遠(yuǎn)離市區(qū)、農(nóng)田和綠地，位于河流下游，在與盛行風(fēng)向垂直的郊外，對(duì)市區(qū)的環(huán)境影響小，C正確；④靠近市中心，不適合布局有污染的工業(yè)，D錯(cuò)誤。

二、判斷題 31.A

32.B 解析：太陽(yáng)輻射是大氣的根本熱源，地面是大氣主要的直接熱源。33.B 解析：影響城市空間形態(tài)的主要是交通運(yùn)輸線路的布局。34.B 解析：熱帶沙漠氣候?qū)?yīng)的自然帶是熱帶荒漠帶。35.A

36.A

37.B 解析：工業(yè)集聚有利于共用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，從而減少生產(chǎn)建設(shè)投資。38.A 39.A

40.A

三、綜合題 41.(8分)(1)高壓中心 反氣旋(2分)(2)N N(2分)(3)圖略 M>N>N′>M′ 西北(3分)(4)B(1分)42.(8分)(1)地中海 副熱帶高氣壓帶和西風(fēng)帶的交替控制(2分)(2)溫帶落葉闊葉林帶 太陽(yáng)輻射 水分(3分)(3)北(西北)(1分)(4)氣候濕冷，有利于多汁牧草生長(zhǎng)；西歐地區(qū)人口稠密、城市集中，市場(chǎng)需求量大。(2分)43.(7分)(1)61% 29%(2分)(2)經(jīng)濟(jì)城市化水平英國(guó) 中國(guó)(3分)(3)二 三(2分)44.(7分)(1)流水沉積 長(zhǎng)江三角洲(2分)(2)亞熱帶常綠闊葉林 小麥 旱地(3分)(3)緩解能源緊張；改善空氣質(zhì)量；調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)等。(任答兩點(diǎn)，2分)

第五篇：高考英語(yǔ)沖刺卷

上海英語(yǔ)高考沖刺題

After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town

So I decided to leave home for New York,(25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job.(26)______(earn)some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.I believe that(27)______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already(28)______(exhaust)shoulder.On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success.As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies.Mother had just said that(29)______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city.Perhaps(30)______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it.Apparently, I had difficulty(31)______(adapt)myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town.Not until I returned(32)______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))is a new village

Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies.However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop.Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is(33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on theproject.The machine(34)______(equip)with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr.Fox said he hoped his invention,(35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by(36)______.The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine.Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far(37)______(appropriate)In recent years,the commercial pressure from supermarket chains(38)______ force village shops across the country to close.In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,(39)______(urge)the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution(40)______these villages without a local shop.A.alertB.classifyC.commit D.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose G.labels H.moderation I.relieve J.signals K.simply

Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully.However, you don't have time to

carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket.Since you really__42__

yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't

it? This is where a

“choice architect” can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself.Choice architects are

people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions.For example, the person

who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on,and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things.In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice.This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy.This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package.A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy;yellow indicates that thecustomer should be__49__;and red means that the food is

high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__.The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decided what to choose.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip.About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why;how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物）like monkeys.By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same.Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided;on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness.Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有聲的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossipD.language

52.A.occasionally B.habituallyC.independently D.originally

53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural

54.A.admirers B.mastersC.users D.wasters

55.A.vital B.sensitiveC.ideal D.difficult

56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens

57.A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contraryD.as a result

58.A.motivation B.appearanceC.emotion D.behaviour

59.A.attackB.contact C.inspectionD.assistance

60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses

61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadership D.protection

62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease

63.A.saved B.extendedC.consumed D.gained

64.A.commonB.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful

65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physical D.secret

A

Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example, a bird called

the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator（獵食動(dòng)物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They don't make nests.Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky.After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too.When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying “You can't fool Mother Nature.”But maybe can't trust her, either.66.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A.getting closer to its young

B.driving away the adult predator

C.leaving its young in another nest

D.pretending to be injured

67.By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky”(paragraph 5), the author means______.A.chimps are ready to attack others

B.chimps are sometimes dishonest

C.chimps are jealous of the winners

D.chimps can be selfish too

68.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Do animals lie?

B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?

C.How do animals learn to lie?

D.How does honesty help animals survive

B

Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year.How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:really recommend it to everyone.“

A habit is a 3-step process.First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine.And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior.It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick.a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym.That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected.Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day.The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward.Which is the whole point, right?

70.Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE8HABIT LOOP?

A.Pick a new cue.B.Form a new habit.C.Choose a new reward.D.Design a new resolution.71.According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A.changing the routine

B.trying it for a week

C.adjusting your goal

D.writing it down

72.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To do something as a habit even without rewards.C.To work out the best New Year's resolution.D.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73.“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an

English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour.” What is the cue in this resolution?A.The Harry Potterposter.B.Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C.An English newspaper.D.Watching TV for half an hour

C

If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A

few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks

to an unusual virtual reality虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)）device.Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona.She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man.“As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants,” she said.“That's the picture I remember best.”The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top.The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner.If she moves her arm, you see it.If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along.Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better.Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏見）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward.Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again.This time, the participants' bias scores were lower.The idea is that once you've “put yourself in another's shoes” you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result.“At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other

in their arms,” says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project.“It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience.I would really, really recommend it to everyone

74.The word ”swapping“(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to______.A.building

B.exchanging

C.controlling

D.transplanting

75.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A.our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B.we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

C.participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D.The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

76.In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a

dark skinned digital character, ______.A.they fought strongly against racism

B.they scored lower on the test for racism

C.they changed their behaviour dramatically

D.they were more biased against those unlike them

77.It can be concluded from the passage that______.A.technology helps people realize their dreams

B.our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C.virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D.our points of view about others need changing constantly

The fewest possible words

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility(CSR).CSR is made up of three broad layers.The most basic is traditional corporate charity work.Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects.But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough.In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior.Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management.Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks.They talk to non-governmental organisations(NGOs)and to governments, create codes of conduct（行為準(zhǔn)則)and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations.Increasingly, too.they, along with heir competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value.If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage.That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear.The idea of ”doing well by doing good“ has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executivesCan you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream.Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities.Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful.Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statementsin NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

78.Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80.With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81.According to the passage, ”good business"(paragraph 6)means that corporations ________while making profits

我習(xí)慣睡前聽點(diǎn)輕音樂。

(accustomed)

將來(lái)過怎樣的生活取決于你自己。

(be up to)

沒有什么比獲準(zhǔn)參加太空旅行項(xiàng)目更令人興奮的了。

(than)

家長(zhǎng)囑咐孩子別在河邊嬉戲，以免遭遇不測(cè)。

(for fear)

雖然現(xiàn)代社會(huì)物資豐富，給予消費(fèi)者更多的選擇，但也使不少人變成購(gòu)物狂。

(turn)

學(xué)校英語(yǔ)報(bào)正在醞釀改版，擬從現(xiàn)有的三個(gè)欄目（健康、娛樂、文化）中去除一個(gè)，并 從三個(gè)備選欄目（時(shí)尚、職業(yè)規(guī)劃、讀者反饋）中挑選一個(gè)納入該報(bào)。假設(shè)你是該校學(xué)生程 飛，給校報(bào)編輯寫一封電子郵件，表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)。郵件須包括以下內(nèi)容：

1.你建議去除的欄目及去除的理由； 2.你建議增加的欄目及增加的理由。