第一篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之動(dòng)詞

根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（Notional Verb）、系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb）、助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verb）。

一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞（Transitive Verb）、不及物動(dòng)詞（Intransitive Verb），縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。說(shuō)明：同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如： She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。）

1、根據(jù)是否受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動(dòng)詞（Finite Verb）、非限定動(dòng)詞（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主語(yǔ)she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。（to learn不受主語(yǔ)she的限制，沒(méi)有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。

2、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：?jiǎn)巫衷~（One-Word Verb）、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（Phrasal Verb）、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英語(yǔ)里有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。（contains是單字動(dòng)詞。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。（look up是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。）The young ought to take care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。（take care of是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。）

3、動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形（Original Form）、第三人稱單數(shù)形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、過(guò)去式（Past Form）、過(guò)去分詞（Past Participle）、現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participle）。

系動(dòng)詞亦稱聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說(shuō)明：

有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系動(dòng)詞，后跟ill，此處ill是形容詞，不符合通常情況下的動(dòng)詞+副詞的規(guī)則。）

He fell off the ladder.他從梯子上摔下來(lái)。fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。思考：此處fell是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞？

1、狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

He is a teacher.他是一名教師。（is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。）

2、持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。（動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞）This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一個(gè)謎。（動(dòng)詞后跟名詞）

3、表像系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired.他看起來(lái)很累。He seems very sad.他看起來(lái)很傷心。

4、感官系動(dòng)詞

感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。

This flower smells very sweet.2

5、變化系動(dòng)詞

這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：

He became mad after that.自那之后，他瘋了。

She grew rich within a short time.她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。

6、終止系動(dòng)詞（不作為高中重點(diǎn)）

表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, trun out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意，例如： The rumor proved false.這謠言證實(shí)有假。The search proved difficult.搜查證實(shí)很難。

His plan turned out a success.他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）總結(jié)：系動(dòng)詞后通常跟形容詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)，因此不同于一般動(dòng)詞，稱為主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)，所謂表語(yǔ)就是系動(dòng)詞后面跟的形容詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。

三、助動(dòng)詞

1、協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。

助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。

（doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)

2、助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)： a.表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：

Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？

你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎？ d.與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如： I don't like him.我不喜歡他。e.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。He did know that.他的確知道那件事。

3、最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 補(bǔ)充：助動(dòng)詞should, would的用法

1）should通常表示應(yīng)該

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天給他打電話，問(wèn)他我下周應(yīng)該干什么。You should tell me that thing.你應(yīng)該告訴我那件事

2）would通常用于過(guò)去式，表示將要。

He said he would come.他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。

四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

本身有詞意，直接加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，不隨人稱變化。Can、could； may、might； must、have to； need、dare； should、ought to；

思考：這幾組詞的意思以及用法的不同

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)之倒裝

學(xué)習(xí)資源庫(kù)[xx大講堂]高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全共21講http:///read.php?tid=218]

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之倒裝

倒裝句之全部倒裝

全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

1)here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。

Here he comes.Away they went.倒裝句之部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。

1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題

1)Why can't I smoke here?

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At no time___ in the meeting-room

A.is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted

C.smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit

答案A.這是一個(gè)倒裝問(wèn)題。當(dāng)否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語(yǔ)序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did knowB.man knowC.didn't man knowD.did man know

答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個(gè)。

改寫為正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)?，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例題

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.A.the game beganB.has the game begun

C.did the game beginD.had the game begun

答案D.以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語(yǔ)前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but(also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。

注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.so, either, nor作部分倒裝

表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。

Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you won't go, neither will I.典型例題

---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

---I don't know, _____.A.nor don't I careB.nor do I careC.I don't care neitherD.I don't care also

答案：B.nor為增補(bǔ)意思“也不關(guān)心”，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。

注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.---It's raining hard.---So it is.only在句首要倒裝的情況

Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。

注意：

1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

2)句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。

其他部分倒裝

1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.3)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。

Were I you, I would try it again.典型例題：

1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A.man did knowB.man knewC.didn't man knowD.did man know

答案為D.否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realizeB.did I realizeC.I didn't realizeD.I realize

答案為B。

3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don't know, ___.A.nor don't I careB.nor do I care

C.I don't care neitherD.I don't care also

解析：答案為B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)之代詞

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之代詞

人稱代詞的用法

1）人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home.約翰等了一會(huì)兒，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。

說(shuō)明：在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同，代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中，名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中，例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。

2）人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，第一人稱在省略句中，還可以作主語(yǔ)，例如：

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?，至少我認(rèn)為是她。（her做賓語(yǔ)，them做介詞賓語(yǔ)，her作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）

a.--Who broke the vase?--誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？

b.--Me.--我。（me作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It’s me.）

說(shuō)明：在上面兩例句中，her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格，在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。

人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換

1)賓格代替主格

a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中，當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后，多用賓語(yǔ)。

----I like English.--我喜歡英語(yǔ)。

----Me too.--我也喜歡。

----Have more wine?--再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?

----Not me.--我可不要了。

b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格。但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留，則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替賓格 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全

名詞

名詞概論

名詞可以分為專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞(mon Nouns)，專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：

個(gè)體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。

集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。

物質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。

抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns），物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）。歸納一下，名詞的分類可以下圖表示：

名

詞 專有名詞

普通名詞 個(gè)體名詞 可數(shù)名詞

集體名詞

物質(zhì)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞

抽象名詞

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞

一般情況 加-s 1.清輔音后讀/s/;

2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ map-maps

bag-bags

car-cars

以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞 加-es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches

ce, se, ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞 加-s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies

其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1)以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)：

如：two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

比較： 層樓：storey---storeys story---stories

2)以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：

a.加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos

radio---radios zoo---zoos；

b.加es，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes

c.均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes

3)以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：

a.加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs

safe---safes gulf---gulfs；

b.去f, fe 加-ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；

c.均可,如：handkerchief:

handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。

2）單復(fù)同形如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters

3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people，a police，a cattle 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之句子的種類

句子的種類

（一）按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。

1）陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。

Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。（說(shuō)明事實(shí)）

The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。

（說(shuō)明看法）

2）疑問(wèn)句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問(wèn)題。有以下四種：

a.一般疑問(wèn)句（General Questions）：

Can you finish the work in time?

你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎？

b.特殊疑問(wèn)句（W Questions;H Questions）：

Where do you live?你住那兒？

How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？

c.選擇疑問(wèn)句（Alternative Questions）：

Do you want tea or coffee?

你是要茶還是要咖啡？

d.反意疑問(wèn)句（Tag-Questions）：

He doesn’t know her, does he?

他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)？

3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：

Sit down, please.請(qǐng)坐。

Don’t be nervous!別緊張！

4）感嘆句（Exatory Sentences）：表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如：

What good news it is!多好的消息??！

（二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類：

1）簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，例如：

She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜歡集郵。

(主)(謂)

2）并列句（pound Sentences）：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接，例如：

The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主)(謂)(主)(謂)

食物很精美，但他卻沒(méi)什么胃口。高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之特殊詞精講

stop doing/to do

stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette.他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。

I must stop smoking.我必須戒煙了。

典型例題

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest

答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇“stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事”。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。

forget doing/to do

forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)

The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

Don’t forget to e tomorrow.別忘了明天e動(dòng)作未做)

典型例題

----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

remember doing/to do

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。

3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。

4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞，等形式。

比較can 和be able to

1）cancould 表示能力；可能(過(guò)去時(shí)用could)，只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。

They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。

2）只用be able to

a.位于助動(dòng)詞后。

b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。

c.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。

d.用于句首表示條件。

e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war brot.= He managed to flee Europe before the war brot.注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)

1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。

---Could I have the television on?

---Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.2）在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。比較may和might 1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)之動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

簡(jiǎn)介

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般是由動(dòng)詞加ed構(gòu)成(具體規(guī)則見后)，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。過(guò)去分詞則屬于類動(dòng)詞

1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),不但表示被動(dòng),還表示已完成了.The cup is broken.茶杯破了.2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作的完成.He is retired.他已退休.3.有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).一、當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞作為表語(yǔ)

The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山.【注意】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作.(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示動(dòng)作)(2)The library is now closed.圖書館關(guān)門了.(過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ))【注意】過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing 形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行.有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過(guò)去分詞形式來(lái)修飾人,用-ing 形式來(lái)修飾物.(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣.二、當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞作為定語(yǔ)

作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),只表完成.1.過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ),如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況.2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔,多用于書面語(yǔ)中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功.3.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ),前后常有逗號(hào).The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人.4.用來(lái)修飾人的過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過(guò)去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視.三、當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞作為狀語(yǔ)

1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作.(1)Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?這篇文章不是

很好.【注意】written 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫.值得注意的是,有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng).這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有: lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(駐扎);lost / absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressed in(穿著);tired of(厭煩).(2)Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)聽到那個(gè)聲音.2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致.(1)Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ) I ,即 I 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表“被看”,由語(yǔ)境可知,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市,而不是“我們”,因?yàn)椤拔覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市.)【注意】如果過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面再加邏輯主語(yǔ),主句的主語(yǔ)就不再是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).(1)The signal given, the bus started.信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了.(the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ) the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語(yǔ).(2)Her head held high, she went by.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過(guò)去.(her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ) she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語(yǔ).)3.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句.(1)Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了.(caught in a heavy rain 為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),它來(lái)源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快.(grown in rich soil 為過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ),它來(lái)源于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】狀語(yǔ)從句改成過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ).When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置.過(guò)去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ),后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開.He stood there silently, moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.四、當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

(一)能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下四類: 1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.(1)I heard the song sung in English.我聽到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌.(過(guò)去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作heard;)(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大.(過(guò)去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作found)2.表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.(1)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理發(fā).(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.(3)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完.3.表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如consider，know，think等后。如：(1)I consider the matter settled.我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。(2)I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.我認(rèn)為自己在這場(chǎng)交易中被愚弄了。

4.表示愛憎?意愿的動(dòng)詞如want，wish，like，hate等后。如：(1)I wanted two tickets reserved.我要預(yù)定兩張機(jī)票。

(2)He didn’t wish it mentioned.他不愿這事被提起。

【注意】過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況.1.過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成.He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了)2.過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷.He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了.(自己的經(jīng)歷)

五、“with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

此結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間,方式,條件,原因等狀語(yǔ).(1)The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)(2)With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)(3)With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他.(5)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒.練習(xí)

1.Mr.Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring 2.On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.A.looked for B.cared for C.take care of D.cared after 3.The two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.A.being separated B.having been separated C.having separated D.had been separated 4.Let’s have a rest.The _______ work made me very ________.A.tired;tired B.tiring;tiring C.tired;tiring D.tiring;tired 5.Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A.adding B.to have added C.to add D.added 6.As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts

can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.A.informing B.to inform C.informed D.being informed 7.Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.A.surprised;surprise B.surprised;surprised C.surprised;surprising D.surprising;surprising 8.When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.A.looking B.watch at C.fixing on D.staring at 9.The film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago.A.base B.to be based C.based D.basing 10.After _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A.finished B.being finished C.having finished D.be finishing 11.Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.A.you will take B.taking C.to take D.taken 12.The students, ________ their teachers, came home.A.followed B.follow C.following D.will follow 13.The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result.A.reached B.to reach C.would reach D.reaching 14.They spent the night _________ in the room.A.having locked B.locking C.to be locked D.locked 15.He wrote a letter to the king ___________.A.hoping to be set free B.to set him free C.so that be set free D.asked to be set free 16.Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.A.make;devoted B.making;devoting C.making;devoted D.make;devoting 17.________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A.Walking B.He was walking C.Walked D.When he was walking 18.Time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.A.of learning B.to learn C.to learning D.of to learn 19.The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.A.is based on B.is on the base of C.which is the base of D.based upon 20.She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_______.A.stole B.missing C.missed D.losing 21._________ it rains, we will stay at home.A.Supposed B.Supposing C.To suppose D.If suppose 22._________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.A.Comparing;in B.Comparing;of C.Compared;in D.Compared;of 23.It’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.A.burning B.burnt C.burn D.burns 24.We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A.dated B.dating C.coming D.kept 25.The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.A.set;looked B.set;looking

C.setting;looked D.setting;looking 26.________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A.Having lost B.Losing C.Lost D.He was lost 27.The Golden Gate Bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.A.which is built B.which built C.having built D.built 28.I suggested the cheat _________ into prison.A.referred to being put B.referred be put C.referred should be put D.referred to be put 29.___________, I went out for a walk.A.There was nothing to do B.There being nothing to do C.There had nothing to do D.Had nothing to do 30.He returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.A.became engaged to him B.was engaged to him C.engaged to him before D.got engaged to him 31.__________ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.A.Disappointed B.To be disappointed C.Disappointing D.Having disappointed 32._________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.A.Hidden;armed B.Hide;armed C.hidden;arm D.Hiding;armed 33.To have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.A.made of;running B.made of;run C.made into;working D.made into;work 34.The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _______ our Chinese 15-year wait.A.to end B.ended C.ending D.ends 35.If _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.A.being buried;remain B.buried;remain C.buried;be remained D.burying;remain 36._________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.A.Having explained B.having been explained C.Explaining D.It had been explained 37.Everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.A.considering B.taken into consideration C.to consider D.taking into consideration 38.________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”.A.Seen;covered B.seeing;covering C.Seen;covering D.To see;to cover 39.A great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A.weighed B.weighing C.weighs D.weighty 40.---The plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.---I see.He is sure to finish it on time.A.made B.making C.to be made D.to make 41.From the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been marked 42.Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.A.taking off B.to be taken off C.having taken off D.taken off 43.The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.A.widely open B.wide opened C.widely opened D.wide open 44.The scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.A.being supported B.supporting C.supported D.support 45.The noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.A.fixed B.being fixed C.to be fixed D.having been fixed 46.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.A.being settled B.to be settled C.had settled D.as settled 47.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes.A.having seated B.seating C.seated D.seat 48.__________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look at B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at 49._________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A.To be judged the best B.Having judged the best C.Judged the best D.Judging the best 50.The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.A.inform B.informing C.be informed D.informed 51.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing 52.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A.wearing B.to wear C.worn D.having worn 53.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed 54.When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 55.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned 56.________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited

C.Having waited D.To have waited 57.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 58.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded 59.Having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists 60.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted 61.The old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked 62.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known 63._________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Not completed 64.Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________.A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry 65.He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 66.Sarah, hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change 67.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, __________.A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted 68.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 69.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;

disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 70.________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 71.Generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 72.Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept 73.Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 74.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 75.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun 76.________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s health.A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 77.The bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 78.Mr Reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up 79.__________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 80.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 81._________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being found B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 82.The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 83.The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;to play 84.________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 85.European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 86._________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 87.The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars 88._________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprising 89.A good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied 90.Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 91.The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 92.The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 93.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.A.open B.to be opened C.to open D.opening 94.The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 95._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.having given 96.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay 97.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 98.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating 99.________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.suffered 100.Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.A.mixed B.mixing C.mix D.is mixed

答案：1-10ABBDD CCDCC 11-20BCADB CDDDB 21-30BDABB CDDBC 31-40AACCB DBCBC 41-50BDDBB DCCCD 51-60CACBC CBABB 61-70BBAAD ADBDD

71-80BAABD CABBC 81-90CBAAA CDBAC 90-100DDADA CCCAA

第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣

第四章 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣

一.概念

語(yǔ)氣有三種:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)勸詞所示示的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

1.辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式如下表

if條件句中的謂與動(dòng)詞 主句的謂與動(dòng)詞

與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反

1.行為動(dòng)詞用did 形式

2.be動(dòng)詞用were should

would

could + 動(dòng)詞原形

might

與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反

had + done should

would

could + have + done

might

與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反 1.行為動(dòng)詞用did

2.should + 動(dòng)詞原形

3.were to + 動(dòng)詞原形 should

would

could + 動(dòng)詞原形

might

3.混合時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

如果條件句中的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。

1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做” needn’t have done 表示“過(guò)去沒(méi)必要作而實(shí)際上做了”

5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的倒裝句

如果虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were, had, should, could 之后。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不該…； 但愿…。” 主句謂語(yǔ) 從句謂語(yǔ)

wish 時(shí)態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式

現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示與wish同時(shí)發(fā)生 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)

be動(dòng)詞用were

過(guò)去時(shí)

表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 動(dòng)詞用had done

be用had been

將來(lái)時(shí)

表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 動(dòng)詞用would do;should do

be 用 would be;should be

1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建議動(dòng)詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動(dòng)詞原形； should 不可用would 來(lái)替代;主句所使用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不限。

8.suggest 為“建議去做…;命令…”從句用should + do

為“ 說(shuō)明； 暗示”, 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

1)The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2)The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “堅(jiān)持要去做…，堅(jiān)持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅(jiān)持表明，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/解釋”，從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣也用于表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是should +動(dòng)詞原型，should 可以省略。

11.在主語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用需擬語(yǔ)氣形式。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原型，或should 省略。

三.鞏固練習(xí)

1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.A.will be B.would have been

C.could have been D.would be

2.If I _____ you, I’d join the army.A.am B.was C.were D.would be

3.If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A.comes B.will come C.should come D.come

4.If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.A.rains B.will rains C.would rain D.should rain

5.If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.A.were to do B.do C.had done D.was to do

6.Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?

A.is B.will be C.were D.be

7.If he had worked harder, he _________.A.would succeed B.had succeeded

C.should succeed D.would have succeeded

8.If he ________, he _________ that food.A.was warned;would not take

B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.would be warned;had not taken

D.would have been warned;had not taken

9.If my lawyer _________ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A.had been;would have prevented

B.had been;would prevent

C.were;would prevent

D.were;would have prevented

10.If he ______ it, he _______ it.A.had seen;could have believed B.saw;couldn’t believe

C.saw;couldn’t have believed D.has seen;had believed

11.—Do you think the thief entered through the window?

—No, if he had, I don’t believe, _______ broken the living-room’s window.A.he would have B.he must have

C.he had D.should he have

12.—Did you go swimming last Sunday?

—No.We would have gone ______ nicer.A.if the weather was

B.would the weather have been

C.had the weather been

D.should the weather be

13.______ it ______ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not been

C.Did;not been D.Not;been您正在閱讀的文章來(lái)自2xxyy.com

14._______ today, he would get there by Friday.A.Would have left B.Was he leaving

C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves

15.It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.A.should be built B.would built

C.will be built D.built

四.答案

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A