第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3詞匯選擇練習(xí)題

一、閱讀理解（共1道小題，共50.0分）

1.A man came into a pet shop carrying a parrot in a bird cage.“I want to return this bird.” he said.The owner guessed the man came to complain that the bird couldn’t talk.“Sir,” he said, “We guarantee that all our parrots can talk.However, we can't guarantee when they will talk.It’s all spelled out on your sales receipt.” “No, no, you don't understand,” the customer said.“The bird talks.I just don't like his attitude.” Puzzled, the store owner said, “You're right.I don't understand, explain it to me.” “I bought the bird a week ago.Every morning, I stood in front of his cage and asked, 'Can you talk?' I did the same thing every evening.For six days, I got no response.Then, this morning, I shouted at the bird, 'can you talk, you stupid creature? Can you talk?'” The customer glared at the parrot.The owner asked, “So, what happened?” “That bird looked at me, and said, 'I can talk, all right.Can you fly?'” the customer said.1.A man came into a pet shop to _____.A.look for a pet B.kill some time C.return a parrot he had bought D.buy a new bird cage 2.The owner thought the man came probably because ______.A.he had paid too much for the bird B.he wanted to complain that the bird couldn’t talk C.the bird was sick D.the bird talked too much 3.The customer disliked the parrot because of _____.A.his attitude B.his voice C.his color D.his look 4.The parrot kept silent for _____.A.seven days B.six days C.seven weeks D.six weeks 5.In the parrot’s answer, _____ hurt the customer very much.A.“Can you talk?” B.“You stupid creature?” C.“I can talk all right.” D.“Can you fly?”

1.1.A man came into a pet shop to _____.A.look for a pet B.kill some time C.return a parrot he had bought D.buy a new bird cage 2.2.The owner thought the man came probably because ______.A.he had paid too much for the bird B.he wanted to complain that the bird couldn’t talk C.the bird was sick D.the bird talked too much 3.3.The customer disliked the parrot because of _____.A.his attitude B.his voice C.his color D.his look 4.4.The parrot kept silent for _____.A.seven days B.six days C.seven weeks D.six weeks 5.5.In the parrot’s answer, _____ hurt the customer very much.A.“Can you talk?”

B.“You stupid creature?” C.“I can talk all right.” D.“Can you fly?”

試題分值：50.0 得分：[10, 10, 10, 10, 10] 提示：1.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問“一個(gè)男人進(jìn)入了一家寵物商店，其目的是______。”答案在第一段的最后一句，該句指出該男子是想退回鸚鵡。據(jù)此可知答案是C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問“店主認(rèn)為那名男子

來此可能的原因是______?！贝鸢冈诘诙?/p>

段的第一句，該句大意是“店主猜測(cè)這名

男子來此是想抱怨鸚鵡不會(huì)說話”。據(jù)

此可知答案是B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問“這名顧客不喜歡這只鸚鵡，因?yàn)開_____?！贝鸢冈诘谌?，該段大意是“ ‘不，不，你并不明白，’顧客說道。‘這只鸚鵡能說話，我只是不喜歡它的態(tài)度。’”據(jù)此可知答案是A。4.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問“這只鸚鵡保持沉默

了多少天？”答案在最后三段，這幾段段

大意是：我一周前買下了這只鳥。每天

早晨，我都站在鳥籠前問它：“你會(huì)說

話嗎？”每天早晨我都這樣做。一連六

天，鸚鵡都沒有給我任何回應(yīng)。今天早

上，我就對(duì)著它大叫了一句：“你會(huì)說話

嗎，你這個(gè)蠢貨？你到底會(huì)不會(huì)說話？”

說到這時(shí)，這名顧客瞪著鸚鵡。店主問道：“那，后來發(fā)生了什么呢？”“那只鳥看著我，說道：‘好吧，我會(huì)說話。那么你能飛嗎？’”顧客回答道。據(jù)此可知答案是B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問“在鸚鵡的答話中，哪些詞語(yǔ)深深傷害了那名顧客？”根據(jù)最后一段可知答案是D。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10道小題，共50.0分）

1.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn?against B.turn?to C.turn?out D.turn back 知識(shí)Choice1 點(diǎn): 學(xué)生答[A;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值:

A 5.0 解析：該題選A，題目大意是“他企圖

使學(xué)生們反對(duì)他們的教授，其結(jié)果只能

是徒勞的”。turn against sb.：(cause to)become hostile to 轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)；使?反對(duì)；attack 轉(zhuǎn)而襲擊 1.What do you 提示: think has turned Mary against her parents?你認(rèn)為什么使得瑪麗反對(duì)起父母來了。2.Will you turn against your professor if he is too hard on you?如果教授對(duì)你過于嚴(yán)厲，你會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)他嗎？

2.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.A.At least B.At leisure C.At first D.At my best 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice1 學(xué)生答[C;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5]

試題分值:

C 5.0 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“起初我以為他是開玩笑,可后來我知道他是當(dāng)

真的”。

at first: 起初，當(dāng)初 1.At first I 提示: felt very lonely.起先我感到很寂寞。2.At first I did not like him but now I do.起初我不喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在卻喜歡。3.At first it was all very casual and fun.起初,一切都非常的偶然和有趣.3.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were _______.A.settled B.committed C.dismissed D.proposed 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice1 學(xué)生答[C;] 案: 得分: [5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 試題分值:

C 5.0 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“少數(shù)工

人得到提升，與此同時(shí)卻有數(shù)百名工人

被解雇”。dismiss: vt.1.解散，遣散，讓散開，讓離開；把?打發(fā)走：

The teacher dismissed the class early.老提示: 師早下課。

2.免(或撤)?的職，罷?的官；革(職)，解雇，開除： They dismissed the cook.他們把廚師解雇了。The boss dismissed the employee.老板解雇了那個(gè)雇員。

4.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up B.has kept up C.has set up D.has saved aside 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice1

A 5.0 學(xué)生答[A;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選A，題目大意是“我的嬸嬸在前幾年存了足夠的錢去買了一所房子”。save up：儲(chǔ)存起來；儲(chǔ)蓄 1.I worked hard to save up for a new house.我努力工作存錢來買新房子。

2.I′m opening an account to save up for

提示: a new car.我正要開立賬戶，以便存錢買輛

新車。

3.I am looking for a temporary job so that I can save up some money to study abroad.我在找一份臨時(shí)的工作，以便攢上一些錢出國(guó)留學(xué)。5.6.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.A.solicitor B.brush C.prisoner D.court 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice1

D 5.0 學(xué)生答[D;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選D，題目大意是“如果我們的鄰居仍然拒絕看管好他的狗，我們就不得不法庭上見提示: 了”。

take sb.to court：控告某人，對(duì)某人提出訴訟

1.If you don′t

pay up, I′ll take you to court.如果你不還清欠款, 我就到法院告你.2.He is taken to court for the brush with the police.他因?yàn)榕c警察發(fā)生小沖突而被帶上法庭。

3.You can take me to court if you want to.There is nothing in writing.如果愿意你

可以起訴我, 但是沒有任何書面文件.7.Jeanne has decided on law as her _______.She wants to become a civil rights lawyer and help the poor.A.employment B.business C.profession D.occupation 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice2

C 5.0 學(xué)生答[C;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“珍妮決定從事法律工作。她想成為一名幫助窮人捍衛(wèi)公民權(quán)的律師”。

profession：n.職業(yè)，專業(yè) 1.What is your profession?你的職業(yè)是什么？ 2.Cooking is 提示: not only a profession.烹飪不止是一項(xiàng)職業(yè)。

3.He has a perfect profession record.他有著完美的職業(yè)記錄。

4.Nursing is still a predominantly female profession.護(hù)理這個(gè)行業(yè)仍以女性為

主。8.9.I prefer to work in an ________ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban B.rural C.suburb D.area 知識(shí)Choice2 點(diǎn): 學(xué)生答[A;] 案: 得[5] 分:

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

A

試題分值: 5.0 解析：該題選A，題目大意是“我喜歡在都市環(huán)境下工作，那里有一流的圖書館和文化設(shè)施”。urban：of a town or city 城市的，都市的，居住在城市的 1.Many people move to urban areas to have the excitement of city life.許多人搬 入城區(qū)，去享受都市激動(dòng)人心的生活。提 2.Transportation,housing,and 示: employment are very important urban problems.交通、住房和就業(yè)是非常重要的城市問題。

3.In the past ten years or so, China’s urban population has been increasing very rapidly.在過去大約十年當(dāng)中，中國(guó)的城市人口一直在激增。10.11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.A.convincing B.believed C.believing D.convinced 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice2 學(xué)生答[D;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值:

D 5.0 解析：該題選D，題目大意是“我確信他在整件事中是清白的”。

be convinced：服氣；確信；信服 1.You will soon be convinced that she is innocent.你不久就會(huì)確信她是無罪

提示: 的。

2.His first requirement is that we be convinced.他第一個(gè)要求是，我們信服。3.Ask yourself, what else do I need to be convinced?想想自己,我需要什么服 氣?

12.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.A.out of breath B.catch breath C.catch my breath D.lose my breath 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice2

C 5.0 學(xué)生[C;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“跑到公共汽車站之后，我坐下來歇口氣”。

catch one’s

breath：屏住呼吸；（非正式）休息一下；歇一口氣

提示: 1.It′s ten

o′clock, let′s catch our breath.十點(diǎn)了, 讓我們歇一下吧。2.After climbing to the hill top, I sat down to catch my breath.爬到山頂之后我坐下來歇一口氣。3.After the day′s work, we sat down over coffee to catch our breath.白天辛勞工 作后, 我們坐下來喝杯咖啡, 放松一下。

13.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.A.have been working out B.have been working C.have been working on D.have been building on 知識(shí)點(diǎn): Choice2

C 5.0 學(xué)生[C;] 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“自從20世紀(jì)60年代以來，醫(yī)學(xué)方面的科學(xué)家一直在努力尋找治療癌癥的方法”

work on：致力于，從事于：

1.He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多來, 他一直

提示: 在寫一部新小說。2.The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching outer space.科學(xué)家們?nèi)灾铝τ诎l(fā)明到達(dá)外層空間的新方法。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)詞匯練習(xí)題 終稿

1.With the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.A.exhibitionB.exceptionC.exceptD.reception

2.Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed.A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral

3.All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65.A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned

4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology.A.canalB.tunnelC.channelD.cable

5.The _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again.A.beanB.beamC.bakeD.battery

6.When making modern cameras, people began to _______ plastics for metal.A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute

7.With the help of the government, a large number of people _______ after the flood in 1991.A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected

8.He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.A.novelB.spoilC.acceptableD.additional

9.Please be serious.I am not _______.You should consider it carefully

A.sortingB.jokingC.countingD.comparing

10.We do not have a _______ school in our institute.The highest degree we provide for the students is a B.A.and a B.S..A.continueB.bayC.assistanceD.graduate

11.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state.A.federalB.figureC.scientificD.service

12.He works in our university as a visiting _______, not as a formal faculty member.A.traditionalB.scholarC.nurseD.pilot

13.When you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later.A.policyB.plainC.permanentD.principal

14.John _______ to be a polite man.But in fact he is very rude.A.pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts

15.We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty.A.owesB.spoilsC.desertsD.neglects

16.In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______.A.facilitiesB.hensC.votesD.artists

17.When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s _______.A.surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent

18.This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea.A.boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone

。-1-

19.She is already 16years old.But she _______as if she were still a little girl.A.believesB.absorbsC.accessesD.behaves

20.We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.A.distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonishedD.scored

21.The doctors _______ the medicines to the people in the flood area.A.distributedB.packedC.prayedD.undertook

22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is _______, not foreign.A.domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder

23.He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed.A.measureB.maintainC.shelterD.reply

24.He _______ to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to find a better job.A.resolvedB.resortedC.requestedD.reserved

25.The _______ work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.A.researchB.rescueC.vesselD.vast

26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have _________ from the earth

A.withdrawnB.vanishedC.foundD.hung

27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks _______ their plans for the new bicycle.A.countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting

28.Pine trees are usually believed to _______ cold weather.A.guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure

29.Free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in China.A.favoriteB.availableC.convenientD.average

30.After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were _______.A.exhaustedB.mountedC.wrappedD.restored

31.The college students in China are _______ from smoking on campus because this will do them no good.A.discouragedB.observedC.obeyedD.obtained

32.Professor Smith is also the _______ of the international program office.If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help.A.detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director

33.We won’t allow any foreign country to _______ in our internal affairs.A.devoteB.districtC.interfereD.wander

34.We can not _______ all the magazines together.A.routeB.drawC.threadD.bind

35.What he said in the meeting _______ everybody present.A.disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated

36.Some lazy men would rather _______ than work.A.indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve

37.This boy was _______ for what he had done in the class.A.scoldedB.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed

38.Some states in the United States _______ people to carry guns.A.applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid

39.Carelessness made him fall in his job _______.A.interviewB.intentionC.stomachD.stocking

40.Sometimes it is very difficult to _______ some of the English words.Even the native speaker can not help.A.decreaseB.createC.defineD.delight

41.Students with _______ problems may apply for student loans.A.economicB.financialC.maleD.economical

42.Both sugar and salt can ______in water.A.desertB.absorbC.dissolveD.involve

43.I have not heard anything from him since his _______.A.departureB.faultC.foundationD.acceptance

44.Without a proper education, people could _______ all kinds of crimes.A.conductB.stoopC.commitD.sweat

45.Several loudspeakers are _______ from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended

46.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his _______ at last because he could not stand any more.A.temperB.terrorC.verseD.contain

47.It is not---_______ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.A.continuousB.difficultC.convenientD.sufficient

48.When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better take a _______ with you in case you get lost.A.compassB.compressC.composeD.campus

49.As a teacher, you should not _______ the students from asking questions in class.A.ruinB.restrainC.importD.impose

50.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not _______ to call me for help

A.hesitateB.despairC.urgeD.request

答案：

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.A

19.D 20.C 21.A 22.A 23.B 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.C

34.D 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.C 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.A

49.B 50.A

51.His proposal is _______ to all of us and you do not need to tell us more about it.A.apparentB.appearingC.approachingD.apart

52.This mountain range has many high _______ and fertile valleys.A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink

53.He gave us a good _______ of his experience.A.demonstrationB.frequencyC.DescriptionD.instruction

54.You have your choice of three _______ of ice cream.A.varietiesB.topsC.respectsD.decks

55.This sick man was _______ in a blanket.A.inputB.issuedC.ensuredD.wrapped

56.This is the military ________.Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo

57.Rock music usually _______ the young people in most countries.A.applies toB.appeals toC.amazesD.actress

58.Would he have seen you if you hadn’t _______ to him?

A.intendedB.wavedC.expressedD.debt

59.Everyone _______ the right to his own opinion.A.imitatesB.requestsC.deservesD.outlines

60.I’m worried about the appearance of the floor.I need to _______ it.A.cleanB.fixC.waxD.oven

61.He felt _______ of what he had done in school.A.shyB.ashC.advisableD.ashamed

62.Milk, butter and cheese are _______ here from the farms.A.importedB.transferredC.transformedD.transported

63.I never realized that someday I would be married to a _______.A.moleculeB.oxygenC.geniusD.rug

64.We all _______ your coming to help us.A.appropriateB.appreciateC.admitD.affect

65.What they are _______ about is which comes first: the chicken or the egg?

A.summingB.strikingC.stirringD.arguing

66.I certainly didn’t intend to _______ your plans.A.upsetB.shakeC.shaveD.drag

67.If you want a pen, look inside the _______ of the desk.A.boxB.drawerC.majorD.melt

68.Under no _______ will I go there again.A.circumstancesB.situationC.giantD.happen

69.This supermarket developed rapidly under his _______.A.administrationB.suggestionC.approachD.appearance

70.That is a _______ point of view.I don’t agree with you.A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative

71.That radio company is so big that it has a lot of _______ in foreign countries.A.introducersB.instructorsC.conductorsD.agents

72.I am afraid it was a _______ for you to do this.A.botherB.bitterC.bakeD.band

73.During these ten years, many new methods have been _______ in the field of

foreign language teaching.A.adoptedB.adaptedC.alarmedD.aided

74.That is _______ behavior and nobody likes it.A.whistleB.structuralC.selfishD.fur

75.Yesterday was such a _______ day we decided to go for a drive.A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation

76.Two lines can form an infinite number of _______.A.anklesB.anglesC.angelsD.adults

77.He needed a _______ operation.A.missileB.indirectC.incomeD.minor

78.Most people say that the new film is a ______.A.mysteryB.smartC.furnitureD.custom

79.They serve _______ food in this restaurant.A.castleB.glueC.deliciousD.wing

80.We are leaving this afternoon, but we have not _______ our suitcases yet.A.trappedB.insultedC.packedD.invited

81.The _______ of the house is beautifully painted.A.underneathB.wellC.interiorD.image

82.A general _______ is held in the United States every four years.A.selectionB.choiceC.electionD.choose

83.His friend was injured in an airplane _______.A.breakB.crashC.failD.falling

84.I am a new _______.I was hired yesterday.A.employerB.employeeC.employmentD.fence

85.I didn’t know where to send this _______ letter.A.registeredB.maidC.mailD.male

86.What are the _______ farm products in this region?

A.principleB.princessC.principalD.prince

87.Alan is a good football player and never breaks _______.A.legalB.regulationsC.limitationD.agreement

88.In college I _______ in science.What was your major?

A.majoredB.orderedC.recordedD.touched

89.The first part of this paper is the _______ review.A.literatureB.fieldC.studyD.phenomenon

90.The next time I buy a TV set, I’m going to buy one with a larger _______.A.frontB.screenC.partD.menu Contest 5.答案：

51.A 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.B 59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D 63.C

64.B 65.D 66.A 67.B 68.A 69.A 70.D 71.D 72.A 73.A 74.C

75.A 76.B 77.D 78.A 79.C 80.C 81.C 82.D 83.B 84.B 85.A

86.C 87.B 88.A 89.A 90.B

Understanding a budget

A budget is a foreign concept to kids(and, it should be said, to many adults).Younger children, especially, simply won’t realize that mommy and daddy have a _____(1)_____ amount of money to spend every month.But, _____(2)______what a

budget is, and why it is a good idea, is one of the central pillars of financial literacy.The best way to teach kids how a budget works is _____(3)_________ to show them.That’s not to say that you should open your books up to your children and show them every penny coming in or out(although you may consider ______(4)______ some details with teenagers about things like your mortgage payment, car payments, and so on).Instead, just give them a broad ____(5)_______ of how adults have to divide up their money each month.One easy way to demonstrate this concept is to take a stack of Monopoly money（游戲鈔票）, and tell your child that the stack represents how much money you ____(6)_____ every month from work.Then, divide up the ______(7)_______ one at a time to show how much you spend on the house, how much you spend on food, how much you save, how much you give to charitable _____(8)______, and so forth.The denomination（面額）aren’t important.What’s important is showing your children that you have a _____(9)________ plan for your money, and that you are on the top of the family finances.Encourage your child to start a budget of his own: part of his allowance should go to savings, part to charity, and part of it is just for fun.Help your child identify what he _____(10)_______ values, and budget his money accordingly.A.aware

B.sharing

C.sense

D.bills

E.make

F.conscious

G.truly

H.learning

I.simply

J.organizations

K.feeling

L.limited

答案：LHIBCEDJFG

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯競(jìng)賽

2011級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯競(jìng)賽策劃書

一、目的為激發(fā)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，豐富學(xué)生詞匯量，提高廣大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合素質(zhì)。競(jìng)賽采取筆試的形式，目的是考查學(xué)生單詞掌握情況，讓學(xué)生重視書本上的詞匯，在增加同學(xué)們的詞匯量的同時(shí)，提高英語(yǔ)四。六級(jí)的通過率和優(yōu)秀率。

二、內(nèi)容

（一）主/承辦方

主辦：教務(wù)處

承辦：大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究中心

（二）競(jìng)賽題型

初賽： 選擇題；完型填空

決賽： 聽力；選擇題；完型填空題；拼寫題

（三）競(jìng)賽日期

初賽： 4月23，24日（隨堂測(cè)任課老師監(jiān)考）

決賽： 5月3日星期四下午4：00-4：45.（四）競(jìng)賽地點(diǎn)

初賽：讀寫課的教室

決賽：借4個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教室，安排4名監(jiān)考老師（120名學(xué)生參加）

（五）報(bào)名方式

初賽：不需報(bào)名，所有2011級(jí)學(xué)生都必須參加，成績(jī)按10%算入期末總成績(jī)。

決賽：每個(gè)系的前10名同學(xué)有資格參加決賽，由讀寫老師根據(jù)初賽成績(jī)單通知學(xué)生參加決賽。

（六）參賽要求

初賽：所有2011級(jí)學(xué)生，其他年級(jí)不予接納。

決賽：

（七）競(jìng)賽安排

本次競(jìng)賽分初賽和決賽。初賽后，每個(gè)系的前10名可以進(jìn)入決賽。

（八）評(píng)獎(jiǎng)辦法

學(xué)生： 第一名10人，第二名10人；第三名10人（按成績(jī)順序排，不按系）；每個(gè)參加決賽的同學(xué)都頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)狀。

老師：按參加決賽學(xué)生人數(shù)多少獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)10名老師。（教務(wù)處經(jīng)費(fèi)出）

三、預(yù)算

命題費(fèi)： 700元

試卷印刷費(fèi)： 初賽6套題共6100份（5套正常使用，第6套給緩考的學(xué)生用）；

復(fù)賽1套題 130份

學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)品： 50元×10人=500元；30元×10人=300元；20元×10人=200元； 共1000元。

教師獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)：1000元。

教師閱卷：從創(chuàng)收中按課酬出

四、備注

1.初賽機(jī)器閱卷。

2.決賽機(jī)器閱卷和人工評(píng)卷。

第四篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯和翻譯練習(xí)題

考博英語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

1.Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes.A.likely B.susceptible C.influential D.Sustainable 2.The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves;they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A.denigration of.., exclude B.instructions to...equate C.parodies of...satirize D.warnings to...justify 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV.The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、漢譯英

上海舉行的峰會(huì)可以促進(jìn)六國(guó)之間的友好合作關(guān)系?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，體重和在家鍛煉很大程度上決定您的孩子是否容易患上兒童糖尿病。

【精析】likely“很可能的，合適的”；susceptible“易受影響的”；influential“有影響的，有勢(shì)力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撐的”；故選B項(xiàng)。2.D 【句子大意】那些對(duì)他人的控告應(yīng)該視為對(duì)我們自己的一個(gè)警告；我們不能夠僅憑自身道德行徑就有理由去妄下定論并且驕傲自滿。

【精析】denigration of 詆毀，貶損；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教導(dǎo)，說明；equate使相等，視為平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize諷刺，挖苦；Warnings to警告；justify證明合法。根據(jù)原文，可根據(jù)第一句話，首先排除AC選項(xiàng)，對(duì)他人的控告不能是對(duì)自身的一種詆毀，或效仿。故選D項(xiàng)?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

北卡羅來納大學(xué)教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人員說，兩個(gè)人生活在一起就會(huì)一同行動(dòng)，比如說一塊兒吃飯看電視?？茖W(xué)家們還強(qiáng)調(diào)，婚姻會(huì)帶來許多健康方面的好處，比如說少抽煙，死亡率也會(huì)降低。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.================================= 1.Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A.chasing B.reaching C.pursuing D.winning 2.Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called ______.A.insincere B.premise C.presumption D.premature 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier.Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.2、漢譯英

只有那些不怕困難的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C 許多世界各地的科學(xué)團(tuán)體一直追求利用太陽(yáng)光分解水分子這一經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用方式的目標(biāo)。【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。chase“追逐，追捕”；reach“達(dá)到，抵達(dá)，伸出”；pursue“繼續(xù)，追求，追趕”；win“贏得，在??中獲勝”。由關(guān)鍵詞have been“一直在（表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)”及“goal”可推知“追求目標(biāo)”符合，由此知C項(xiàng)正確。2.C 【句意】科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在所有的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前輕易得出的結(jié)論被稱為推定。

【解析】名詞及形容詞詞義辨析。insincere“（形容詞）不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，虛假的”；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；presumption“假定，推定”；premature“早產(chǎn)兒，過早發(fā)生的事物”。由關(guān)鍵詞conclusion“結(jié)論”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“稱為推定”符合，由此知C項(xiàng)正確?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

這家華爾街銀行表示，第二季度它的每股收益為10億美元，合每股1.69美元，高于上年同期的6.83億美元，即每股1.13美元。強(qiáng)勁的固定收益交易業(yè)績(jī)抵消了債券承銷收入的大幅下降。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.================================ 1.The Chinese language differs _____ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.A)considerably B)consistently C)confidently D)continually 2.Everyone is trying to _____ how the fire started.A)figure out B)make out C)turn out D)clear out 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.2、漢譯英

那種情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì), 而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)有很大的不同，因?yàn)閮烧叩奈淖趾桶l(fā)音不同。

【解析】詞義辨析題。considerably相當(dāng)；consistently始終；confidently 自信地；continually不斷地。2.A 【句意】每個(gè)人都試圖弄懂是如何起火的。

【解析】詞組辨析題。figure out 猜測(cè)，弄懂；make out起草，理解；turn out生產(chǎn)，變成；clear out 離開，騰出，清理。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對(duì)于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。

2、漢譯英參考答案

When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.================================= 1.Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _____, it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.A)cut off B)carry off C)turn off D)wear off 2._____, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.A)Consequently B)Regularly C)Ironically

D)Comprehensively 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”.Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century.Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them.Network economy has obvious scale effect.A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests.No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy.Without traditional economy, network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.2、漢譯英

他在科研上取得的成就要比預(yù)期的大?！?.11）參考答案 1.D 【句意】既然慶祝的興奮感已經(jīng)消失了，現(xiàn)在是把奧林匹克理想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的時(shí)候了。

【解析】詞組辨析題。cut off 斷掉，切斷；carry off 奪得，奪走；turn off 關(guān)掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。2.C 【句意】諷刺的是，為了回到自身飛翔的單純起點(diǎn)，普通人類不得不等待太空時(shí)代的到來。【解析】詞義辨析題。consequently 因此；regularly 經(jīng)常；ironically 諷刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透徹地，此句含有一個(gè)前后的邏輯關(guān)系，故選C。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

21世紀(jì)被人們稱為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱雄”的時(shí)代，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間(cyberspace)將是本世紀(jì)重要的戰(zhàn)略資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論有著重大的影響，且甚至?xí)淖兯鼈?。網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有明顯的規(guī)模效應(yīng)。一個(gè)較大的規(guī)模預(yù)示著更多客戶、更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的產(chǎn)品、更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和因此而產(chǎn)生的過多利益。然而，不論網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何神奇，它都不能脫離傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)而獨(dú)立存在。脫離了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)將不會(huì)有持續(xù)性發(fā)展，這就如同無水之源、無本之木。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.=============================== 1.Some cultures have customs that ____ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes.A)modify B)alter C)regulate D)revise 2.The ______ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort.Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.A)perpetual B)perplexed C)preserved D)perished 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.2、漢譯英

很難說哪個(gè)方案更為切實(shí)可行。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】某些文化有一些習(xí)俗，這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會(huì)階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：modify“修改，更改；修飾”；alter“改變，更改”；regulate “控制，管理；調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)”；revise“修訂，修改；復(fù)習(xí)”。制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate，modify是指略微的修改，alter范圍較廣，指任何的改變，revise通常指修訂課本。所以選項(xiàng)C是最佳答案。2.C 【句意】山區(qū)未被破壞的美景使它成為世界聞名的度假勝地。每年，都有大量國(guó)內(nèi)外的游客慕名來訪。

【解析】形容詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：perpetual “永久的，終身的；不斷的，常發(fā)生的”；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的”；preserved “保護(hù)的”；perished “消亡的，毀壞的”。根據(jù)句子的上下文意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

為了使結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到必要的大小和強(qiáng)度去滿足它的目的，建筑學(xué)上使用了一些支撐的方法，因?yàn)檫@些方法都是基于物理定律，所以盡管建筑材料已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化，這些方法卻自人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以來就沒有什么變化。

2、漢譯英參考答案

It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.=============================== 1.Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was ______.A.in a way B.on the way C.in the way D.by the way 2.______ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.A.For B.Due to C.Owning to D.Thanks to 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢 Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake located in the eastern part of China with an area of 2250 square kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China, next to Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.There are about 90 islands in Taihu Lake ranging in size from a few square meters to a few square kilometers.2、漢譯英 對(duì)我們來說，生活要是沒有廣大的城市地區(qū)似乎是不可想象的，但實(shí)際上城市還是相對(duì)近代才發(fā)展起來的。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】Fred打算到門口去，但桌子擋住了道。【解析】詞組辨析。in a way“在某種程度上”；on the way“在??途中”；in the way“妨礙，擋道”；by the way“順便說說”。根據(jù)題干中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but和做主語(yǔ)的the table“桌子”可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)為C。2.C 【句意】由于突降陣雨，孩子們回家后衣服都淋濕了。

【解析】近義詞用法辨析。for引導(dǎo)的表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開；Owing to做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，修飾整個(gè)句子，可在句首或者句末，用逗號(hào)隔開；Due to作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與owing to同義，但一般不與其他成分隔開；Thanks to表示原因時(shí)一般出于感謝；故答案選項(xiàng)為C?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積 2250平方公里，是中國(guó)三大淡水湖，僅次于 鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭。太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development.================================= 1.The new media law that has sparked a furor in the country requires all broadcast and digital media to provide “balanced coverage“ and is seen by critics as an attempt to __ the press.A.muzzle B.underpin C.sidestep D.reassure 2.______ whether the loan proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and political situation of the borrower's country must be made to assess the risk involved.A.Depending on B.Notwithstanding C.irrespective of D.On account of 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

The Chinese government announced the annual August 8 as the ”National Fitness Day“ to promote physical activities throughout the country.This move not only popularizes the concept of keeping fit around the nation, but also diversifies the methods of taking exercise.2.漢譯英

你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)核對(duì)全部資料，以避免嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】新媒體法激起了公憤，它要求所有廣播和數(shù)碼媒體做到“均衡報(bào)道”，這被看做是一種壓制新聞自由的舉措。

【精析】Muzzle“使緘默；封鎖...的言論”，underpin“鞏固；支持”，sidestep“回避；側(cè)向躲避”，reassure“使安心；使放心”。根據(jù)題意，答案選A。2.C 【句意】無論是政府貸款，國(guó)企貸款，還是私企貸款，都應(yīng)該對(duì)借方國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治形勢(shì)有所評(píng)估，以預(yù)計(jì)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

【精析】Depending on“根據(jù)，取決于”，notwithstanding“盡管；仍然”，irrespective of“不論；不考慮；不顧”，on account of“由于；因?yàn)椤保鶕?jù)題意，答案選C?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

中囯政府宣布每年的8月8日為“全民健身日”(National Fitness Day)，推動(dòng)全民健身。這一舉動(dòng)不僅在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)普及了健康理念，還使人們鍛煉的方式更加多樣化。2.漢譯英參考答案

You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.================================= 1.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it ________ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.A.compacted B.dispersed C.delayed D.restricted 2.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ________in commercials.A.drafted B.depicted C.alleged D.permeated 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.however, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.2.漢譯英

即使你說服不了他，也不要灰心喪氣?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】我們都享有選擇的自由，而不喜歡在社會(huì)的法律和道德界限內(nèi)看到自由被約束?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞(過去分詞)辨析。A.compacted “v.壓縮（compact的過去式和過去分詞）；壓緊”；B.dispersed “v.分散；傳播（disperse的過去分詞）”；C.delayed “v.延遲（delay的過去式）”；D.restricted “v.限制（restrict的過去式和過去分詞）”。2.B 【句意】艾倫將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際生活很少想廣告中描繪的那樣簡(jiǎn)單。

【解析】動(dòng)詞(過去分詞)辨析。A.drafted “v.設(shè)計(jì)；挑選；拉開（draft的過去式和過去分詞）”；B.depicted “vt.描述；描畫（depict的過去式和過去分詞）”；C.alleged“v.宣稱（allege的過去式和過去分詞）；斷言adj.所謂的；聲稱的；被斷言的”；D.permeated “v.彌漫(permeate的過去式和過去分詞)；遍布；滲入；滲透”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

與舞蹈和音樂相伴的歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話，遠(yuǎn)在文字出現(xiàn)之前就已大量產(chǎn)生。中國(guó)的文學(xué)正是發(fā)端于此。不過歌謠本是人們?cè)谏钪须S興而發(fā)的東西，上古時(shí)代也沒有保存和記載它們的手段，因之也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。2.漢譯英參考答案

Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.================================= 1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how_______ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.A.fabulous B.gracious C.handsome D.prominent 2.I told him that I would ______ him to act for me while I was away from office.A.identify B.authorize C.rationalize D.justify 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

as it turns out, showering or bathing daily wreaks havoc on something hilariously called the horny layer.hot water, soap and abrasive surfaces strip off the horny layer, exposing living cells to the elements.2.漢譯英

這件事至今還沒有得出正確的結(jié)論?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】我之前常吃中餐，但是還是不能想象真正的中式宴會(huì)能有多么好，多么奢侈?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。A.fabulous“adj.難以置信的；傳說的，寓言中的；極好的”；B.gracious“adj.親切的；高尚的；和藹的；雅致的”；C.handsome“adj.（男子）英俊的；可觀的；大方的，慷慨的；健美而端莊的”；D.prominent“adj.突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的”。2.B 【句意】我告知他在我不在辦公室期間，我會(huì)授權(quán)他代表我。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A.identify“vt.確定；鑒定；識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出；使參與；把?看成一樣 vi.確定；認(rèn)同；一致” B.authorize“vt.批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；授權(quán)給；委托代替”；C.rationalize “vt.使??合理化；使??有理化；為??找借口vi.實(shí)行合理化；作辯解；合理地思考”；D.justify “vt.證明?是正當(dāng)?shù)?；?辯護(hù)vi.證明合法；整理版面”?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

其實(shí)每天洗澡會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞身上的角質(zhì)層。熱水、肥皂和搓澡巾會(huì)使角質(zhì)層脫落，讓我們的皮膚暴露在外。2.漢譯英參考答案

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.================================= 1.As I have mentioned, an important source of human stress is the _______between the demands of the individual and those of his society.A.splash B.smash C.crash D.clash 2.From his directions, it shouldn't be difficult to _____ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.A.determine B.locate C.unearth D.ascertain 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse(廢料).One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators(焚化爐).A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.2.漢譯英

你對(duì)下一步該做些什么，清楚了嗎? =============================== 1.The head window of the car is made of safety glass that won't _____if it is broken.A.shatter B.shudder C.crush D.crumple 2.The mechanic jacked up the car and then ______ to change the tire.A.advanced B.went C.proceeded D.moved 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun.What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.2.漢譯英

他在這次旅行中的所見所聞給他留下了深刻的印象?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】正如我所提到的，人類壓力的一個(gè)重要來源是個(gè)人需求與社會(huì)需求之間的沖突?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析。A項(xiàng)“splash濺潑聲，濺潑；濺上的斑點(diǎn)等；濺潑的量；少量液體”；B項(xiàng)“smash破碎，破碎時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音；撞車；網(wǎng)球的高壓球；極為轟動(dòng)的戲劇、歌曲、影片等”；C項(xiàng)“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車，（車輛等）碰撞”；D項(xiàng)“dash(金屬等的）刺耳的撞擊聲；（兩群人之間的）打斗，打架，沖突；爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；（顏色）不協(xié)調(diào)；交鋒，交戰(zhàn)，比賽”。2.B 【句意】根據(jù)他的指示，你不難在地圖上找出那海濱別墅的地點(diǎn)，雖然你從來沒有去過那個(gè)地方。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“determine v.確定某事物，決定；確定，測(cè)定”；B項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocate 找出，把??設(shè)置，在，使坐落于”；C項(xiàng)“unearth發(fā)掘，掘出”；D項(xiàng)“ascertain確定，查明”。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯英參考譯文

世界將面對(duì)著的另一問題是處理廢物。有一個(gè)解決辦法就是在焚化爐中用高溫的廢物燒掉。這種方法的一個(gè)新發(fā)展，可能在將來證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來產(chǎn)生蒸汽動(dòng)力。2.漢譯英參考答案

Are you clear about what you should do next? ================================ 1.A 【句意】該車頭窗是由安全玻璃構(gòu)成的，在打破后不會(huì)粉碎的。【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“shatter(使果物）突然而劇烈地裂成碎片，粉碎”；B項(xiàng)“shudder(因寒冷、恐懼等）發(fā)枓、戰(zhàn)栗；劇烈地?fù)u晃”；C項(xiàng)“crush壓（或擠）壞，壓；搗（或碾）碎某物”；D項(xiàng)“crumple(使）起皺”。2.C 【句意】這位機(jī)修工用千斤頂頂起汽車，然后換輪胎。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“advance前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；向前移動(dòng)或推進(jìn)；推進(jìn)某人、計(jì)劃等”；B項(xiàng)“go去”；C項(xiàng)“proceed開始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，發(fā)生”；D項(xiàng)“move移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)”?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺(tái)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，并用它來觀察太陽(yáng)。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因?yàn)樗吹教?yáng)上有一些黑點(diǎn)，這使他立刻聯(lián)想到上帝創(chuàng)造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。2.漢譯英參考答案

What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.================================ 1.______ in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other's.A)Managed B)Shrunk C)Assumed D)Isolated 2.If full credits were given to this part it could ____ a high grade for the student in his physical course.A)belong to B)be due to C)be subject to D)contribute to 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

After the concert Mom and Dad came backstage.The way they walked － heads high, faces flushed － I knew they were pleased.My mother gave me a big hug.Dad slipped an arm around me and held me close.”You were just great,“ he said.Then he shook my hand and was slow to let it go.2.漢譯英

酒后駕車會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的交通事故?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】孤零零地待在這個(gè)島國(guó)，島上不同的部落成員使用的語(yǔ)言越來越相似。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：manage “營(yíng)，管理；控制；辦理；設(shè)法對(duì)付”，詞組manage without “在沒有??下應(yīng)付過去”；shrink “收縮，退縮”，詞組shrink back “退縮，害怕”；assume“假設(shè)，臆斷，猜想；假裝；承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任”，詞組assume responsibility“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”；isolate “使隔離，使孤立，使脫離”。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C，和題意完全不符，shrink一般指衣服的收縮。isolate則是指地理位置的孤立，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.D 【句意】如果學(xué)生在這部分得到滿分的話，那么他物理課程的學(xué)分就會(huì)很高。

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：belong to “屬于；是(某團(tuán)體、國(guó)家等)的成員”；be due to“由于；應(yīng)歸于”；be subject to “受支配，從屬于，常遭受??”；contribute to “有助于；貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂會(huì)后，爸媽來到后臺(tái)。他們走路的樣子，昂著頭，精神煥發(fā)--我知道他們很開心。媽媽緊緊地抱住我。爸爸伸出一只手臂，牢牢地?fù)ё∥遥骸澳闾袅?。”說完，他使勁地握著我的手，不愿松開。2.漢譯英參考答案

Drunken driving will result in disastrous traffic accidents.================================= 1.It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity.A)conviction B)empowerment C)imperative D)proposition 2.Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______ from over 4 000 to a few hundred.A)proclaimed B)dwindled C)repressed D)indulged 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

At the theater nervousness overtook me as I realized how much I wanted to make my parents proud.Finally, it was my turn.I walked to the lone chair on stage and performed ”Are You Lonesome Tonight?“ without a mistake.The applause spilled out, with a few hands still clapping after others had stopped.I was lightheaded, glad my ordeal was over.2.漢譯英

真愛之路永不平坦。(莎士比亞 Shakespeare)【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】我們堅(jiān)信：我們已經(jīng)向前邁出了一大步，而且我們國(guó)家會(huì)重新走上經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的道路?！窘馕觥棵~辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：conviction“堅(jiān)信，深信；定罪”；empowerment “權(quán)力”，詞組be empowered to do “授權(quán)做某事”；imperative “緊急的事；祈使”；proposition“主張，建議”，其動(dòng)詞是propose，詞組propose at toast to sb.指“為某人干杯”。選項(xiàng)C首先排除，這里應(yīng)該填入名詞，而不是形容詞，這件事不是我們的權(quán)力，所以empowerment也不對(duì)，conviction和proposition意思都可以，但是，conviction 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，所以選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。2.B

【句意】受不景氣的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境影響，工廠的勞動(dòng)力從4000多人銳減到幾百人.【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：proclaim “宣布，聲明”；dwindle “銳減”；repress “壓抑(感情)；鎮(zhèn)壓”；indulge“使(自己)沉迷于；放縱，嬌縱”，詞組indulge in sth.“沉湎于某物”。表示程度下降的只有dwindle，所以選項(xiàng)B正確?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

在劇場(chǎng)里，當(dāng)我意識(shí)到我是多么想讓父母感到驕傲?xí)r，我極為緊張。最后，終于輪到我了。我走向舞臺(tái)中央的那張椅子，演奏了一曲“今晚你孤獨(dú)嗎？”，一個(gè)音符也沒拉錯(cuò)。頓時(shí)，掌聲四起，難以停息。我 頭有點(diǎn)暈暈的，慶幸我的苦難終于結(jié)束。2.漢譯英參考答案

The course of true love never did run smooth.=================================1.Last year our school football team won four ______ games.A)obsessive B)concessive C)successive D)excessive 2.I can't possibly mark your homework;your handwriting is ______.A)illogical B)illiterate C)illusive D)illegible 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

The evening of the concert Mom wore glittery earrings and more makeup than I could remember.Dad got out of work early, put on a suit and tie, and slicked down his hair with Vitalis.They were ready an hour early, so we sat in the living room chatting nervously.I got the unspoken message that playing this one song was a dream come true for them.2.漢譯英

他沒有辜負(fù)教練的期望?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C 【句意】去年，我們校足球隊(duì)連勝4場(chǎng)。

【解析】 形容詞辨析題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：obsessive “著迷的”；concessive“讓步的，許可的”;successive “連續(xù)的”；excessive “過量的”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.D 【句意】我無法給你的作業(yè)評(píng)分，你的字跡都很難辨認(rèn)。

【解析】形容詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別是：illogical “不合邏輯的”；illiterate“不識(shí)字的，文盲”illusive “虛假的”；illegible “難以辨認(rèn)的”。根據(jù)句子的意思，只有選項(xiàng)D符合?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂會(huì)那天晚上，媽媽戴上亮晶晶的耳環(huán)，臉上沒見她這么打扮過。爸爸早早就下了班，扎上領(lǐng)帶，一身套裝，頭發(fā)用發(fā)油梳得溜光。他們提前一小時(shí)就準(zhǔn)備好了，我們便坐在客廳里緊張地聊天。此時(shí)我感到，演奏這么一首歌是實(shí)現(xiàn)他倆的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。2.漢譯英參考答案

He lived up to the expectations of his coach.================================ 1.Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, ______ all other physical sciences.A)undermining B)undertaking C)underscoring D)underlying 2.In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.A)tolerate B)integrate C)predominate D)accumulate 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

I was speechless.I had rarely heard Dad speak with such feeling about anything, much less the accordion.From then on, I practiced without my parents’ making me.2.漢譯英

沒帶任何解釋，他的申請(qǐng)就被拒絕了?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】算術(shù)是最基本的一門科學(xué)，它是其他所有自然科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。

【解析】形近詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：undermine“破壞，毀壞”；undertake “從事??工作”；underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underlie “是??的原因；成為??的基礎(chǔ)”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)D 符合題意。2.C 【句意】對(duì)于那些婦女在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)的職位，婦女擔(dān)當(dāng)一些重要職位也是合情合理的?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：tolerate “容忍”；integrate “使融入”；predominate“數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)”；accumulate “增加”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句子中有numerically所以predominate為最佳選項(xiàng)。1.英譯漢參考譯文

我不吱聲了。我很少聽到爸爸如此語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)地跟我談事情，更不用說是為了拉手風(fēng)琴的事。從那以后，我練琴再也不用父母盯著。2.漢譯英參考答案

His application was denied without any explanation.================================= 1.She always fancied about going abroad, but when she arrived in Germany she found it hard to ______ herself to the new working conditions.A.cater B.suit

C.alternate D.Accommodate 2.She was afraid ______the dog in case it became dangerous.A.of exciting B.to excite C.that she excited D.to be exciting 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Such humiliation paled, though, beside the impending fall recital.I would have to play a solo on a local movie theater's stage.I wanted to skip the whole thing.Emotions boiled over in the car one Sunday afternoon.”I don't want to play a solo.“ I said.”You have to,“ replied my father.2.漢譯英

宗教信仰自由受法律保護(hù)?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】她總是幻想出國(guó)，但是當(dāng)她到了德國(guó)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)她很難適應(yīng)這里新的工作環(huán)境?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞辨析。A.cater “v.投合，迎合；滿足需要；提供飲食及服務(wù)”；B.suit “v.適合；使適應(yīng)”；C.alternate “v使交替；使輪流”；D.accommodate “v.容納；使適應(yīng)，改變......以適應(yīng)；調(diào)整以適應(yīng)??”。2.B 【句意】她不敢讓這條狗興奮，以免它變得危險(xiǎn)。

【解析】短語(yǔ)搭配。be afraid 后面接不定式：be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕／不敢做某事”，接動(dòng)名詞: be afraid of doing sth.表示“一向害怕做某事，表示習(xí)慣”。根據(jù)后文的in case“以防”可知，是之后出現(xiàn)的事—it became dangerous，讓她不敢去“excite the dog”，因此，B項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

不過，這種羞辱與即將來臨的秋季演奏會(huì)相比，算不得什么。我得在當(dāng)?shù)匾患矣皠≡何枧_(tái)上獨(dú)奏一曲。我想逃避這一切。一個(gè)星期天的下午，不滿的情緒終于在車上爆發(fā)了?！拔也幌氇?dú)奏，”我說?！澳惚仨毴?，”父親說。2.漢譯英參考答案

The freedom of religious belief is protected by law.================================ 1.There are serious problems of land _____in some arid regions of Northwest China.A.degradation B.fertilization C.enhancement D.dilemmas 2.After the sudden death of his mother, his aunt served as a _____mother until he was 18 years old.A.adopted B.effective C.surrogate D.interim 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Throughout the summer, Mr.Zelli's lessons grew more difficult.It took me a week and a half to master them now.All the while I could hear my buddies outside playing heated games of stickball.I'd also hear an occasional taunt;”Hey, where's your monkey and cup?“ 2.漢譯英

世界上沒有兩片葉子是相同的?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】在中國(guó)西北的一些干旱地區(qū)土壤退化問題很嚴(yán)重。【解析】名詞辨析。A.degradation “n.退化；降格，降級(jí)”；墮落；B.fertilization “n.施肥；肥沃”；C.enhancement “n.增加；放大”；D.dilemmas “n.困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”。2.C 【句意】在他母親死后，他的姑媽在他十八歲之前暫時(shí)作為他的母親。【解析】形容詞辨析。A.adopted “adj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”；B.effective “adj.有效的，起作用的；實(shí)際的，實(shí)在的；給人深刻印象”；C.surrogate “adj.代理的，代替的n.替代，代理”；D.interim “adj.辦臨時(shí)的，暫時(shí)的；中間的；間歇的”。1.英譯漢參考譯文

整個(gè)夏天，澤利先生的課越來越難。現(xiàn)在要一個(gè)半星期才能掌握。練琴時(shí)，我總是聽到伙伴們?cè)谕饷嫱婀髑虻逆音[聲。偶爾還聽到奚落：“嗨，你的猴子和獎(jiǎng)杯哪里去了。2.漢英語(yǔ)參考答案

No two leaves are identical in the world.================================ 1.It was a long time before scientists could______ the mystery of the atom.A.penetrate B.pierce C.permeate D.pervade 2.The results of the several rounds of polls indicate that those who haven't vote yet are______ towards abolishing the entrance examination.A.sliding B.backing up C.standing by D.tilting 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

One July evening I was giving an almost flawless rendition of ”Come Back to Sorrento,“ and my parents called me to an open window.An elderly neighbor, rarely seen outside her house, was leaning against our car humming dreamily to the tune.When I finished, she smiled broadly and called out, ”I remember that song as a child in Italy.Beautiful, just beautiful.“ 2.漢譯英

他讀了很多書，古今中外都有?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】科學(xué)家用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才發(fā)現(xiàn)了原子的秘密?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞辨析。A.penetrate“vi.滲透；了解；洞察；領(lǐng)悟vt.滲透；穿透；洞察”；B.pierce“vt.刺穿；洞察；響徹；深深地打動(dòng)vi.進(jìn)入；透入”；C.permeate “vt.（思想、感情、態(tài)度）感染，傳播；彌漫；擴(kuò)散”；D.pervade“vt.遍及；彌漫”。根據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)“penetrate了解”符合句意。2.D 【句意】幾輪投票的結(jié)果顯示那些人還沒有投票的人傾向于廢除入學(xué)考試?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）辨析。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A.slide “v.滑動(dòng) 使滑行”；B.back up“支持，援助；（資料）備份；倒退；裱”；C.stand by“支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；D.tilt“vi.傾斜；翹起；以言詞或文字抨擊”，固定搭配“tilt toward傾向；使偏向”。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

七月的一個(gè)傍晚，我正在拉“重回索聯(lián)托”，拉得幾乎完美無缺。父母突然把我叫到窗前。一位極少出門、上了年紀(jì)的老鄰居，正靠在我們的車旁，跟著曲子沉醉地哼唱著。當(dāng)我拉完時(shí)，她咧開嘴笑了，大聲說：“小時(shí)候在意大利我聽到過這首歌曲，我還記得。太棒了，真是棒極了。

2.漢譯英參考答案

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.================================ 1.It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no ______ weapons and were thus amicably disposed.A.lethal B.concealed C.murderous D.secret 2.Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

”Very nice, better than last week,“ he'd say.Then I would follow into a medley of his favorites, ”Red River Valley“ and ”Home on the Range," and he would drift off to sleep, the newspaper folded on his lap.I took it as a compliment that he could relax under the spell of my playing.2.漢譯英

從這個(gè)意義上說兒童和大人享有同樣的權(quán)利?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.B 【句意】據(jù)說握手的習(xí)俗起源于原始人類伸出空手來表明他們沒有隱藏的武器，以示友好?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~詞義辨析。lethal“致命的，致死的”；concealed“隱蔽的，隱匿的”；murderous“殺人的，殘忍的，兇殘的，蓄意謀殺的”；secret“秘密的，機(jī)密的”。由關(guān)鍵詞held out empty hands“伸出空手”知“隱藏的”符合題意，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.D 【句意】一些十幾歲的孩子們往往對(duì)社會(huì)有普遍的逆反心理，雖然他們發(fā)育成熟，但社會(huì)拒絕給予他們同成年人一樣的權(quán)利和優(yōu)惠。【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，deprive sb.of sth.“剝奪某人某物”；restrict“限制，約束，限定”，沒有restrict sb.sth.的搭配；reject“拒絕，排斥，抵制，丟棄”，沒有reject sb.sth.的搭配；deny“否定，拒絕給予，拒絕??的要求”，deny sb.sth.“拒絕給某人某物”。由關(guān)鍵詞teenager、resentment、right and privileges of adults及詞組的搭配知“拒絕”符合題意，故D項(xiàng)正確?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文 他會(huì)說，“不錯(cuò)，比上星期好，”然后我會(huì)接著拉他喜歡的曲子“紅河谷”和“山上的家”。聽著聽著，他慢慢睡著了，報(bào)紙疊在腿上。我把這看作是一種贊揚(yáng)：他能在我美妙的演奏中放松。

2.漢譯英參考答案

In this sense, children and adults have equal rights.================================ 1.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A.invent B.stimulate C.renovate D.advocate 2.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ______ observer of events.A.inadequate B.impassive C.genius D.impartial 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Only music carried Dad away from his world of tools and projects.On a Sunday drive, he turned the radio on immediately.At red lights, I'd notice his foot tapping in time.He seemed to hang on every note.2.漢譯英

她的眼睛由于興奮而閃閃發(fā)光。【參考答案】 1.B 【句意】科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特征是能夠激發(fā)進(jìn)一步的研究以及在某一專門領(lǐng)域的更深層次的思考。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。invent“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造，虛構(gòu)”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激勵(lì)”；renovate“更新，修復(fù)，刷新”；advocate“提倡，主張，擁護(hù)”。根據(jù)題干后置定語(yǔ)中的關(guān)鍵詞further research“進(jìn)一步的研究”和further thinking“更深層次的思考”可知答案選項(xiàng)為B。2.D 【句意】是否任何一個(gè)人都能夠成為一個(gè)真正公正的事件觀察者還有待確定?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析——形容詞和名詞辨析。inadequate“不充分的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保籭mpassive“冷漠的，無感覺的”；genius“天才，天賦，精神”；impartial“公平的，公正的”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞doubtful“不能確定的”和truly“真正地”可知答案選項(xiàng)為D?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

只有音樂會(huì)讓爸爸遠(yuǎn)離他的工具和計(jì)劃的世界。一個(gè)星期天駕車外出，一上車他就打開了收音機(jī)。遇到紅燈時(shí)，我注意到他的腳在打著拍子，似乎能跟得上每一個(gè)節(jié)拍。2.漢譯英參考答案

Her eyes sparkled with excitement.================================= 1.Many artists believe that successful imitation far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be ______.A.elegant B.confident C.creative D.imaginary 2.No one could come up with an easy solution to the government’s predicament----labor______ which is caused by the world financial crisis.A.decline B.vacancy C.rarity D.shortage 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Dad was a supervisor in a company that serviced jet engines.Weekends, he tinkered in the cellar, turning scraps of plywood into a utility cabinet or fixing a broken toy with spare parts.Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench.2.漢譯英

鄧鐵濤是中醫(yī)界的泰斗?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C

【句意】很多藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，成功的模仿是學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)新的第一步，而遠(yuǎn)不是缺乏創(chuàng)意的表現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，講究的，簡(jiǎn)潔的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，想像的”。由關(guān)鍵詞successful imitation、originality“獨(dú)創(chuàng)性”及l(fā)earning to be知應(yīng)填跟originality意思相近的形容詞，故C項(xiàng)正確。2.D

【句意】沒人能想出一種簡(jiǎn)單的方法去解決政府的困境——即世界金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)力短缺。

【解析】名詞義辨析。decline“下降，衰退”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕見，珍貴”；shortage“缺乏，缺少，不足”。由關(guān)鍵詞world financial crisis“世界金融危機(jī)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

爸爸是一家為噴氣式飛機(jī)引擎提供服務(wù)的公司的主管。周末，他在地下室里修修補(bǔ)補(bǔ)，把膠合板的邊角料做成一個(gè)實(shí)用的小柜子，或者用一些零件把壞了的玩具修好。他不喜張揚(yáng)，不愛說話。最讓他感到舒服的，莫過于在工作臺(tái)旁邊。2.漢譯英參考答案

Deng Tietao is a leading authority in the community of TCM.================================= 1.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ________ in Chicago and New York City.A)homogeneously B)simultaneously C)spontaneously D)harmoniously 2.The court considers a financial________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A)option

B)duty

C)obligation D)penalty 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.We’ll be all right _______________（只要我們能到達(dá)下一個(gè)加油站）.2..英譯漢

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【參考答案】 1.B [譯文]在過去的十年里，摩天大樓在芝加哥和紐約城同時(shí)獲得了發(fā)展。[精析] 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞含義分別為：同類地；同時(shí)地；自發(fā)地；和諧地。2.D [譯文] 法官認(rèn)為罰款是處罰他的合適選擇。

[精析] 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞含義分別為：選項(xiàng)；責(zé)任；義務(wù)；處罰?！痉g參考答案】

1.if only we can get to the next petrol-station 解析：本題“只要”不能用as long as，as long as保留時(shí)間方面的含義，它引導(dǎo)的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞，如：I’ll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.（只要你能保持房間清潔，我就讓你用這個(gè)房間。）如果條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示短暫性的動(dòng)作，最好用if only。本句中“到達(dá)”就是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，因此不選用as long as。2【參考譯文】

我們生活在一個(gè)物質(zhì)(藥物)在醫(yī)療和社交方面的使用都很廣泛的社會(huì)里：阿斯匹林緩解頭痛，葡萄酒有助于社交，早晨用來提神的咖啡，香煙用來放松神經(jīng)。

=============================== 1.We work to make money, but it is a _______that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A)dilemma B)conflict C)prejudice D)paradox 2.Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______.A)intriguing B)indefinite

C)obscure D)dubious 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.In this night，if we can make good use of time，_______（當(dāng)然毫無疑問地我們會(huì)成功）.2.英譯漢

In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.【參考答案】

1.D 【句意】我們工作為了掙錢，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人通常并非是掙錢最多的。

【解析】名詞辨析。A.dilemma“n.困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；B.conflict “n.沖突，矛盾；斗爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；C.prejudice “n.偏見；侵害”；D.paradox “n.悖論，反論；似非而是的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”。

2.C 【句意】因?yàn)榻淌谘葜v的主題非?；逎苌偃四芾斫??！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。A.intriguing “adj.有趣的，迷人的”；B.indefinite “adj.不確定的；無限的；模糊的”；C.obscure“adj.昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”；D.dubious“adj.可疑的；曖昧的；無把握的；半信半疑的”?！痉g參考譯文】

1.there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed 解析：in this light是一個(gè)慣用表達(dá)，意思是“這樣說來”；make good use of指“善用時(shí)間”。如there can be no doubt that we would succeed，就只將“毫無疑問”譯了出來，卻沒能體現(xiàn)“當(dāng)然”。那么在there can結(jié)構(gòu)中“當(dāng)然”應(yīng)該放在什么位置呢？通常surely/ certainly都放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，系動(dòng)詞之前。注意：“成功”也可以說get somewhere；反之，不成功、一事無成、毫無進(jìn)展就用get nowhere。如：The new policy will get the company nowhere.（新的政策將使公司前途晦暗。）2.【參考譯文】

在那人口老齡化,長(zhǎng)壽技術(shù)和社會(huì)態(tài)度變化等同時(shí)產(chǎn)生著影響的澳大利亞,其他一些州也要制定類似涉及安樂死的相應(yīng)法律.================================= 1.I intend to move that our committee ______ Jim as chairman, and I hope that you will second my motion.[A] will appoint [B] appoints [C] appoint [D] appointed 2.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but ______ the birth rate is getting higher and higher.[A] as it were [B] as it is

[C] as it was [D] as is it 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand，the public also should ________________（培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣）.2.英譯漢

There are, of course, exceptions.Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.【參考答案】

1.C 【句意】我打算向委員會(huì)提議，任命吉姆為主席，而且我希望你能附議我的動(dòng)議。【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Move提議，建議，后接should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。2.B 【句意】我們國(guó)家已經(jīng)大力推進(jìn)計(jì)劃生育政策，但實(shí)際上，出生率越來越高。【解析】as it is“照現(xiàn)狀看，看樣子，實(shí)際上”；as it was為as it is的過去式；as it were“似乎，可以說是”，往往含有“不符合實(shí)際或比喻”的意思?！痉g參考答案】

1.develop the good habit of reducing pollution 解析：本題考查詞義辨析?！芭囵B(yǎng)”的英文對(duì)應(yīng)詞是cultivate，但cultivate是指通過犁地等來耕作土地或指對(duì)人的養(yǎng)育、培育，如：to cultivate a love of art（培養(yǎng)對(duì)藝術(shù)的愛好）；to cultivate a new generation（培育新一代）。句中的意思是說，政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，另一方面，大眾也應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成減少污染的好習(xí)慣?！傲?xí)慣”是要大眾自己養(yǎng)成的，而不是說大眾要培養(yǎng)什么其他人，所以應(yīng)用develop這個(gè)詞，表示逐漸形成，使行為朝著某一特定目標(biāo)發(fā)展。2.【參考譯文】

當(dāng)然也有例外。在美國(guó)，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o禮貌的出租車司機(jī)也并非罕見。盡管有不如意的地方，但因?yàn)槿藗兂３５贸雒绹?guó)人好客的觀察意見，因而也就值得議論一番了。

================================= 1.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_____, produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.consumption B.absorption C.transition D.interaction 2.Furniture has become cheaper, but simultaneously there has been a_____in quality.A.decline B.diversion C.taboo D.Tendency 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1._______________（他們來幫忙）encouraged me.2.英譯漢

After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【參考答案】

1.B 【句意】由固體變?yōu)橐后w，水吸收周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這一吸收過程使得周圍溫度下降。

【解析】名詞辨析。A.consumption“n.消費(fèi)；消耗；肺癆”；B.absorption“n.吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C.transition“n.過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物] 轉(zhuǎn)換；變調(diào)”；D.interaction “n.相互作用；[數(shù)] 交互作用”。

2.A【句意】家具的價(jià)格變便宜了，同時(shí)質(zhì)量也下降了?！窘馕觥棵~辨析。A.decline“n.下降；衰退；斜面”；B.diversion“n.轉(zhuǎn)移；消遣；分散注意力”；C.taboo“n.禁忌；禁止”；D.tendency“n.傾向，趨勢(shì)；癖好”?！痉g參考答案】 1.Their coming to help 解析：原中文句是一個(gè)完整的“主、謂、賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，但這種漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)按照字面直接譯成英語(yǔ)They came to help的話，就不符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)范，因?yàn)楹蟀刖湟呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞encouraged，所以這里我們要采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)譯法，把“他們來幫忙”處理成動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的形式。其實(shí)，還有一種方法是把“他們來幫忙”處理成that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句That they came to help，在句子作主語(yǔ)。2.【參考譯文】

經(jīng)過了六個(gè)月的爭(zhēng)論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)激烈的議會(huì)辯論，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)當(dāng)局成為了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生給希望死去的絕癥病人實(shí)施安樂死的立法當(dāng)局。

================================ 1.Years after the accident he was still_____by images of death and destruction.A.twisted B.haunted C.dipped D.submerged 2.It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was ______ from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity.A.foiled B.thwarted C.balked

D.Inhabited 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.I was sorry ________________（沒看上這部電影）.2.英譯漢

Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.1.B【句意】事故發(fā)生后好多年死亡和毀滅的景象仍然縈繞于他的腦海中。【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“twist纏繞，盤繞；扭曲，擠壓；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；B項(xiàng)“haunt(指鬼魂）常出沒于（某處)；經(jīng)常浮現(xiàn)于（某人）腦際”；C項(xiàng)“dip浸，泡，蘸”；D項(xiàng)“submerge(使）進(jìn)入，液面、海面之下，淹沒；完全覆蓋”。

2.C【句意】糟糕的訓(xùn)練、較差的學(xué)校以及機(jī)會(huì)的缺失妨礙了一個(gè)寬宏大量并樂于接受的大腦完全被開發(fā)。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“foil阻止（某人）執(zhí)行計(jì)劃；阻撓，挫敗”；B項(xiàng)“thwart 阻撓（某人）成事；阻止（計(jì)劃等）實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)“balk故意妨礙或阻止（某事物）”；D項(xiàng)“inhabit居住于，棲居于；占據(jù)”?！痉g參考答案】

1.to have missed this film 解析：本題考查了反譯法和不定式完成時(shí)的用法。“沒看上這部電影，所以我才感到遺憾”，因此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，所以要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果用正譯法將句子需填入部分譯成not to have seen this film就不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，沒有答案的效果好。2.【參考譯文】

一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之權(quán)的團(tuán)體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)，尖銳地抨擊這個(gè)法案，指責(zé)法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢(shì)已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。================================= 1.The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was ______ early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.A.insignificant B.unchangeable C.unsuitable D.inevitable 2.We are going to ______ what were learned so far by some revision exercise today.A.consolidate B.reinforce C.affirm D.conform 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1._______________（完成作業(yè)后），they went to the library.2.英譯漢

With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.【參考答案】

1.A【句意】律師在調(diào)查初期認(rèn)為那個(gè)證據(jù)是無關(guān)緊要的，但它最后卻在定這個(gè)男子盜竊罪上成為至關(guān)重要的證據(jù)。

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。insignificant“無關(guān)緊要，不重要的，無意義的”；unchangeable“不變的，不能改變的”；unsuitable“不適合的，不適宜的，不相稱的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。由關(guān)鍵詞but的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系及vital“至關(guān)重要的”的對(duì)比知應(yīng)填跟vital意思相反的詞，故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.A【句意】我們今天將通過做一些復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)來鞏固目前學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。consolidate“鞏固，使固定，聯(lián)合”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固，強(qiáng)化，補(bǔ)充”；affirm“肯定，斷言”；conform“使遵守，使一致，使順從”。由關(guān)鍵詞“what were learned”及“exercise”可推知這里指“鞏固學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容”，故A項(xiàng)正確?！痉g參考答案】

1.Having finished their homework 解析：我們知道，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果等。本題考查了現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法。由后半句可知，“完成作業(yè)”發(fā)生在“他們?nèi)D書館”之前，因此，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，就用一般式，如：Seeing the picture，he couldn’t help thinking of her.（一看到照片，他就禁不住想起她。）2.【參考譯文】

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，出現(xiàn)了集中化：全國(guó)1．19億公民，其中整整76％的人口定居城市：在這里，原來的社區(qū)和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄，取而代之的是與外界疏于往來的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。

第五篇：老年選擇填空練習(xí)題

3．世界上老齡化程度最高的國(guó)家是(B)B．瑞典

4．一般認(rèn)為人類最高壽命相對(duì)于性成熟期的倍數(shù)為(E)E．8～10倍

6．我國(guó)人口老齡化進(jìn)程中的高峰階段是指(E)E．2025年-2050年

7．老年人皮膚皺紋發(fā)生原因，以下敘述錯(cuò)的是(E)E．結(jié)締組織老化

8．老年人頭發(fā)變白、脫發(fā)的原因是(A)

A．體內(nèi)黑色素合成障礙

9．關(guān)于老年人頭發(fā)及皮膚的改變，敘述錯(cuò)誤的是(B)B皮膚皺紋首先出現(xiàn)在外眼角兩旁，其次是前額

4.老年人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求中，碳水化合物供給能量應(yīng)占總熱能的(C)55%？65%

5.老年人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求中，優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白應(yīng)占攝取蛋白質(zhì)總量的(E)50％以上

6.下列哪種藥物在老年人體內(nèi)的代謝減少(C)普萘洛爾

7.有關(guān)老年藥效學(xué)改變的特點(diǎn)，錯(cuò)誤的是(B)對(duì)大多數(shù)藥物的作用減弱

8.老年人使用下列哪種藥物不易引起體位性低血壓(E)氨基糖苷類抗生素

9.中國(guó)藥典規(guī)定老年人用藥量為成人量的(A)3/4

10.有關(guān)提高患者服藥依從性的行為治療措施，錯(cuò)誤的是(E)弱化行為

11.老年期呼吸道的退行性變化不包括(D)胸腔前后徑增大

12.老年人竇房結(jié)內(nèi)的起搏細(xì)胞數(shù)目減少到年輕時(shí)的(D)80%

13.老年人胃腺體萎縮，胃酸分泌減少，60歲下降到正常水平的(D)40%~50%

14.老年人發(fā)生腦萎縮引起的變化不包括(D)腦回增寬

16老年良性記憶減退與阿爾茨海默病最主要的區(qū)別是后者為(D)疾病進(jìn)行性發(fā)展 17.關(guān)于老年期抑郁癥的描述，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確(D)一般有人格缺損

18.我國(guó)老年人死亡的主要原因依次是（C）惡性腫瘤、心血管病、腦血管病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病

19.老年人骨質(zhì)疏松癥出現(xiàn)較早的癥狀是(E)骨痛和肌無力

20.美國(guó)學(xué)者研究表明，有多少老人直到死亡前一直是很清醒的(E)49%

21.實(shí)施臨終關(guān)懷的先決條件是(D)死亡教育需求增多 養(yǎng)老功能弱化 家庭小型化

22.世界衛(wèi)生組織關(guān)于年齡的劃分，下列哪項(xiàng)不對(duì)(A)35歲以下為青年人 45—59歲為中年人 60—74歲為年輕老人 75—89歲為老老年人 90歲以上為長(zhǎng)壽老年人

23、我國(guó)老年人前四位常見病依次是

A、.高血壓病、冠心病、腦血管病、惡性腫瘤

24、我國(guó)何時(shí)開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì): D、1999年底

25、世界衛(wèi)生組織關(guān)于年齡的劃分,不正確的是

A、.35歲以下為青年期

26、世界上最早出現(xiàn)人口老齡化的國(guó)家是: E、法國(guó)

28、健康期望壽命約占平均期望壽命

B、80％-90％

29、某發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口總數(shù)為69458萬(wàn)人，老年人口為4220萬(wàn)人，該國(guó)屬于 B、青年型國(guó)家

31、衰老的特點(diǎn)提法確切的是

B、全身性的、多方面的、漸進(jìn)性的變化

32、衰老變化的基礎(chǔ)是

A、.細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少

33、關(guān)于老年斑的敘述，錯(cuò)誤的是

D、形成與不飽和脂肪酸被自由基氧化成脂褐素有關(guān)

34、衰老的檢測(cè)以什么形式進(jìn)行: B、生物學(xué)年齡

35、＿＿＿幫助護(hù)理人員正確理解老年人出現(xiàn)多疑、孤獨(dú)、憂郁、失去自我控制能力等心理特征

B、神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌理論

36、在老化的社會(huì)學(xué)理論中，忽視老年人之間的個(gè)體差異以及年輕老年人和高齡老年人差別的理論是

A、.活躍理論

37、下列哪種理論強(qiáng)調(diào)老年人應(yīng)該用一定的時(shí)間和精力來回顧和總結(jié)自己的一生，進(jìn)行自我整合A、.人格發(fā)展理論

38、老年人餐后2小時(shí)血糖應(yīng)控制在（C）以下

C.12.2mmol/L

39、老年人空腹血糖應(yīng)控制在＿＿以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: C

A、.7mmol/L B、8mmol/L C、9mmol/L D、10mmol/L E、11mmol/L

40、老年骨質(zhì)疏松癥臨床表現(xiàn)描述下列哪項(xiàng)不妥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

A、.本病早期多無明顯表現(xiàn)

41、可作為糖尿病老人首發(fā)癥狀的并發(fā)癥為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: A、.感染

42、早期診斷骨質(zhì)疏松癥依靠

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

C、骨密度測(cè)定

43、老年骨關(guān)節(jié)炎臨床表現(xiàn)描述中哪項(xiàng)不妥

B、主要癥狀是關(guān)節(jié)疼痛

44、老年糖尿病的特點(diǎn)不包括

C、多為l型糖尿病

45、慢性胃炎最主要的病因是

A、.幽門螺桿菌感染

46、為大，小便失禁的老年人進(jìn)行護(hù)理時(shí)，措施不正確的是

E、全天都應(yīng)多飲水，促進(jìn)排尿反射，預(yù)防泌尿系感染

48、引起便秘的不正確因素是

A、.飲食中有充足的膳食纖維

49、對(duì)早期胃癌最具診斷價(jià)值的檢查是

D、胃鏡及活檢 50、大腸癌最突出的臨床表現(xiàn)是

A、.血便

52、下列那種疾病與老年胃食管返流病的發(fā)生無關(guān): B、萎縮性胃炎

53、下列哪項(xiàng)不符合老年社區(qū)獲得性肺炎的表現(xiàn)E、中性粒細(xì)胞可以升高、正?；驕p低

54、導(dǎo)致COPD患者死亡的常見原因是C、急性呼吸衰竭

55、已知引起COPD的最重要的原因是

B、吸煙

56、肺癌中最常見的類型是

A、鱗癌

57、為老年患者痰液粘稠不易咳出者提供的護(hù)理措施，錯(cuò)誤的是D、胸部叩擊可在餐后進(jìn)行

58、關(guān)于老年人呼吸系統(tǒng)的生理變化，不正確的是

B、由于通氣與換氣功能均減退，故血氧分壓和血二氧化碳分壓均減退

59、老年期呼吸道的退行性變化不包括

A、吞咽功能失調(diào)，易發(fā)生誤咽

60、造成老年人極易發(fā)生誤吸、誤咽的原因是: C、喉頭反射、咳嗽反射減弱，上呼吸道 的防御和保護(hù)功能降低

62、下列屬于老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的并發(fā)癥的是: C、心肌梗死 63、閉塞性動(dòng)脈硬化的基本病因是: A、動(dòng)脈硬化 64、腦出血最常見的病因是:

A、高血壓腦動(dòng)脈硬化

65、對(duì)于老年患者，預(yù)防心衰的誘因，最重要的是B、預(yù)防和控制感染，尤其是呼吸道感染

66、下列關(guān)于高血壓非藥物治療的敘述正確的是C、適用于所有高血壓患者 67、心室顫動(dòng)首選的治療措施是: C、非同步電復(fù)律

69、老年抑郁癥病人最嚴(yán)重而危險(xiǎn)的表現(xiàn)是

A、自殺減輕

70、老年性癡呆患病率80歲時(shí)可達(dá)到: C、22％

72、老年人對(duì)剛感知過的事物有印象，但持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，這種記憶稱為: D、初級(jí)記憶 73、進(jìn)行老年性癡呆的病程特征為B、進(jìn)行性發(fā)展加重

74、老年良性記憶減退與阿爾茨海默病最主要的區(qū)別是后者為: D、疾病進(jìn)行性發(fā)展 75、老年人智力特點(diǎn)下列描述錯(cuò)誤的是

A、知覺整合能力隨增齡而逐漸減退

76、老年女性，70歲，喪偶2年，獨(dú)居，不愛出門，不愿與人交往，沉默寡言，對(duì)外界動(dòng)向無動(dòng)于衷，有時(shí)偷偷流淚，睡眠質(zhì)量差，靠催眠藥維持。該患者可能的診斷

C、老年期抑郁

77、關(guān)于下列幾種記憶，老年人保持較好的是

A、初級(jí)記憶

79、老年保健費(fèi)用分擔(dān)原則主張老年保健費(fèi)用由C、政府、保險(xiǎn)金及個(gè)人承擔(dān)

80、我國(guó)真正實(shí)現(xiàn) “老有所醫(yī)”主要依靠: E、國(guó)家、集體、個(gè)人合理分擔(dān)

81、下列那項(xiàng)不是老年病共有的臨床特點(diǎn): D、主要以非感染性疾病為主 82、老年保健任務(wù)的完成需要依賴E、完善的醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)體系

1．站立體位時(shí)收縮壓下

mmHg以上，可認(rèn)為有體位性低血壓發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)。

2．我國(guó)最主要的致盲性眼病是。

3．65歲以上住院老人最常見的疾病是。

4．現(xiàn)一般認(rèn)為，更年期綜合征的發(fā)生原因主要與

有關(guān)。

5．前列腺增生癥最早、最常見的癥狀是。

6．老年性潰瘍病最常見的并發(fā)癥是。

7．老年人的生活環(huán)境要從健康、、便利、整潔四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行考慮。

8．日常生活護(hù)理中安全護(hù)理的主要目標(biāo)是。

9．老年人養(yǎng)成良好的 是健康保健的重要環(huán)節(jié)，也是老年人日常生活護(hù)理的重要內(nèi)容。

11．大便失禁的老年人宜進(jìn)食營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，容易消化、吸收，的食物。

13．老化是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程，包含、、及

方面對(duì)機(jī)體的相互影響。

14．對(duì)老年人進(jìn)行軀體健康的評(píng)估須從

和

兩方面進(jìn)行。

1.病理性老化特點(diǎn)：累積性 普遍性 漸進(jìn)性 危害性 內(nèi)生性。

2老年護(hù)理目標(biāo)：增強(qiáng)自我照顧能力 延緩惡化及衰老 提高生活質(zhì)量 做好臨終關(guān)懷。原則：滿足需求 社會(huì)護(hù)理 整體護(hù)理 個(gè)體化護(hù)理 早期防護(hù) 持之以恒

3，老年健康評(píng)估方法：交談 觀察 體格檢查 閱讀 測(cè)試 注意事項(xiàng)：提供適宜的環(huán)境 安排充分的時(shí)間 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?運(yùn)用溝通的技巧 獲得客觀資料

4.老年人心理健康評(píng)估包括：情緒 情感 認(rèn)識(shí)能力 壓力與應(yīng)對(duì)

5.文化核心要素：價(jià)值觀 信念和信仰習(xí)俗

6.老年保健最初源于英國(guó) 老年健康影響最大經(jīng)濟(jì)。

8.老年人常見的心理問題有：焦慮、抑郁、孤獨(dú)、自卑、離退休綜合征、空巢綜合征

9.維護(hù)和增進(jìn)心理健康的原則有適應(yīng)原則、整體原則、系統(tǒng)原則、發(fā)展原則

12老人有效的休息應(yīng)滿足三個(gè)基本條件：充足的睡眠、心理的放松、生理的舒適

14.有效休息三個(gè)條件：充足的睡眠 心理的放松 生理的舒適

15.合理用藥三個(gè)因素

安全 有效 經(jīng)濟(jì)

16老年人功能狀態(tài)評(píng)估內(nèi)容：1.日常生活能力2.功能性日常生活能力3.高級(jí)日常生活能力 17老年人社會(huì)狀況評(píng)估內(nèi)容：1.角色功能2.所處環(huán)境3.文化背景4.家庭狀況

18老年人健康評(píng)估內(nèi)容：身體.心里健康狀況.社會(huì)角色

20老年人疼痛發(fā)生流行趨勢(shì)：

1.老年人持續(xù)性疼痛的發(fā)生率比例高于普通人群2.骨骼肌疼痛的發(fā)生率增高3.疼痛程度加重4.功能障礙與生活行為受限等明顯增加