第一篇：2010年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試命題剖析與指導(dǎo)：寫作

第二章 寫作

第一節(jié) 寫作命題剖析與預(yù)測(cè)

一、寫作命題剖析

(一)大綱要求

根據(jù)全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)2006年11月公布的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試大綱(2006年修訂版)》(以下均簡(jiǎn)稱《大綱》)，寫作(writing)部分是測(cè)試學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力，所占分值比例為15%，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。

《大綱》對(duì)寫作部分的要求有如下說明：

寫作部分要求考生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行短文寫作，思想表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、意義連貫、無重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。

寫作部分考核的技能是：

A思想表達(dá)

1.表達(dá)中心思想

2.表達(dá)重要或特定信息

3.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等

B篇章組織

4.圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點(diǎn)

5.連貫地組句成段，組段成篇

C語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用

6.運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯

7.運(yùn)用正確的語(yǔ)法

8.運(yùn)用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

9.使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

10.運(yùn)用銜接手段表達(dá)句間關(guān)系(如對(duì)比、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的等)

D寫作格式

11.運(yùn)用正確的符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的寫作格式

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作部分要求考生達(dá)到《教學(xué)要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性寫作任務(wù)，能描述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等，能寫 常見的應(yīng)用文，能就一般性的話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出至少120詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)意連貫。能掌握基本的寫作技能?！?/p>

另外，《大綱》在附錄中詳細(xì)說明了“全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試(CET-4～CET-6)作文題評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”：

評(píng)分原則：

1.CET是檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級(jí)和六級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。

2.CET作文題采用總體評(píng)分(Global Scoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分(Reward Scores), 而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。

3.從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語(yǔ)言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否 切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

4.避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分;該給低分的給低分，包括0分。一名閱卷人員在所評(píng)閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

1.本題滿分為15分。

2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷 1 ~ 2份。

3.閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為所閱文章與某一分?jǐn)?shù)(如8分)相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)(即8分);若認(rèn)為所閱文章稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分 數(shù)則可加1分(即9分)或減1分(即7分)。但不得加或減0.5分。

4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

2分：條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

5分：基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

8分：基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫;語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

11分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

14分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。

(注：白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想，則給0分。)

5.字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分。

CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 <49

CET-6 140-149 130-139 120-129 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 <79

扣分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

(注：①如題目中給出主題句、起始句、結(jié)束句，均不得計(jì)入所寫字?jǐn)?shù)。②規(guī)定的內(nèi)容未寫全者，按比例扣分。③如要判為0分，須慎重處理。)

6.為了便于閱卷人員掌握評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，現(xiàn)將各檔作文分相當(dāng)于百分制的得分，列表如下，稱為得分率。其中9分的得分率為60分(相當(dāng)于百分制的60 分)。

作文分15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

得分率100 94 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 7

(二)評(píng)分剖析

鑒于作文的評(píng)分帶有一定的主觀性，與一些非智力性的因素密切相關(guān)，所以考生應(yīng)該對(duì)評(píng)分的原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有一個(gè)詳細(xì)的了解，做到胸中有數(shù)，盡量使自己 的作文符合閱卷的要求，只有如此才能獲得理想的成績(jī)。

對(duì)研究《大綱》關(guān)于寫作部分的要求、評(píng)分原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，寫作的得分是一種綜合分?jǐn)?shù)。歸納起來看，寫作分?jǐn)?shù)主要包括總體印象、語(yǔ)言表 達(dá)、文章結(jié)構(gòu)和思想內(nèi)容四個(gè)大的方面，而各個(gè)方面又有一些具體的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。具體見下表：(略)

(三)命題特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)

分析近幾年來的試題可知，寫作部分的命題有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)：

1.考試內(nèi)容多以學(xué)生熟悉的日常學(xué)習(xí)生活和應(yīng)該關(guān)心的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)為主。

2.題材多以議論文和說明文為主，偶爾考些簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用文，且多以信函為主。

3.命題形式以文字提綱為主，圖表提綱為輔。

4.題目主要是陳述性短語(yǔ)、句子或一般疑問句。

二、寫作命題預(yù)測(cè)

作文的命題，仍會(huì)堅(jiān)持“穩(wěn)中求變”的命題原則。“穩(wěn)”是指作文考查的目的不變，仍以測(cè)試考生基本的書面表達(dá)能力為主;考查的內(nèi)容不變，仍側(cè)重于 思想表達(dá)、篇章組織、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用、寫作格式四個(gè)方面?！白儭笔侵缸魑牡目疾樾问綍?huì)變，不但其文體會(huì)變，而且考查的具體內(nèi)容必然會(huì)變。因此，除了要具有扎實(shí)的 語(yǔ)法、詞匯知識(shí)和篇章組織技巧之外，考生還應(yīng)該多留心觀察和思考日常生活中的常見現(xiàn)象，并通過閱讀報(bào)紙、雜志、書籍等來了解一些常見的社會(huì)看法和觀點(diǎn)，在 整理和提煉思想的同時(shí)，積累豐富的常見問題的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣和方式，只有這樣才能做到有備無患，從容應(yīng)考。

有鑒于此，建議考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.熟悉常見三種文體的寫作方法，在總結(jié)規(guī)律和背誦相關(guān)模板的同時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用模板，切忌生搬硬套，更忌無中生有畫蛇添足;

2.熟練掌握各種句式間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的技巧，避免句式單一或句式復(fù)雜;

3.盡量能抽取時(shí)間來閱讀一些與大學(xué)或日常生活相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)新聞、報(bào)紙或雜志;

4.要學(xué)好使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，但避免大量使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，堅(jiān)持“內(nèi)容決定形式”的寫作原則，切忌為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)而胡亂堆砌關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ);

5.要吃透重點(diǎn)詞匯的用法，切忌生造詞匯或囫圇吞棗;

6.無需在應(yīng)用文上投入太多精力，只要將其基本格式吃透就可以，因?yàn)槠渚唧w內(nèi)容的寫法或結(jié)構(gòu)基本等同于常見的三種文體;

第二節(jié) 寫作應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)

一、寫作應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)——“四步定位法”

四級(jí)作文屬于應(yīng)試作文，要想獲得高分，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是依據(jù)《大綱》14分的要求(評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn))來寫作。首先，要“切題”。具體而言，就是要主題 明確、中心突出，基本包括命題的所有要求(內(nèi)容和字?jǐn)?shù))。其次，“表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順”。也就是說，要用通順的文字清楚地表達(dá)自己的思想，防止用詞不 當(dāng)、詞不達(dá)意和思想混亂。再次，“連貫性好”。換句話說，要注意段落之間的平穩(wěn)過渡和句與句之間的適當(dāng)銜接，避免出現(xiàn)段落之間的突然過渡和句與句之間邏輯 不清的情況。最后，要“基本無語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)”。不僅要注意段落和句義的表達(dá)，而且還要避免出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，主要包括：詞義、語(yǔ)法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的誤用 等等。

簡(jiǎn)而言之，無論是從文章的中心到每句話，還是從段落到單詞，都要予以充分考慮，盡量少犯錯(cuò)誤，尤其是一些基本卻致命的錯(cuò)誤(例如：基本語(yǔ)法的誤 用、單詞的誤拼等等)。此外，還要注意卷面、字?jǐn)?shù)等非智力性因素在應(yīng)試作文中的重要性，努力做到卷面整潔、字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)標(biāo)。

(一)寫作“四步定位法”介紹

根據(jù)多年英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，筆者認(rèn)為自己所創(chuàng)的“定位法”仍是獲得應(yīng)試作文高分的一種捷徑，特別適合于應(yīng)對(duì)四、六級(jí)和考研作文。雖然本節(jié)講述的作 文“四步定位法”與總論中所講的“定位法”的步驟有所不同，但這只是針對(duì)具體題型的靈活變化，貫穿其中的精神實(shí)質(zhì)沒有絲毫改變，所以為了突出定位法在四級(jí) 應(yīng)試中的地位，使各位考生更容易理解定位法的實(shí)質(zhì)，并能熟練掌握和運(yùn)用，仍將“作文定位法”簡(jiǎn)稱為“定位法”。作文“四步定位法”的步驟可以簡(jiǎn)單地概括 為：“一定中心，二定方法，三定結(jié)構(gòu)，四定句式”。具體內(nèi)容如下：

1.一定中心

這要求首先確定文章的題目、觀點(diǎn)或中心內(nèi)容，而且任何一篇文章、一個(gè)段落、一句話都只能圍繞一個(gè)中心展開。

首先，對(duì)于一篇文章而言，只能有一個(gè)中心，無論英語(yǔ)和中文都是如此，區(qū)別在于表達(dá)中心的方式不同。英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人寫作喜歡開門見山，中國(guó)人喜歡循 序漸進(jìn)，這也是中西方人思維不同的表現(xiàn)。所謂開門見山，就是直接說出自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后再進(jìn)一步予以論述或說明;所謂循序漸進(jìn)，就是通過論述或說明，然后逐 步提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)單而言，就是西方人更習(xí)慣于先結(jié)論后解釋或論證，中國(guó)人習(xí)慣于先解釋或論證逐漸得出結(jié)論。但是受自小培養(yǎng)的中文習(xí)慣的影響，許多學(xué)生習(xí)慣用中文的思維方式來用英文表達(dá)思想，寫出來的作文就不符合英語(yǔ)作文的要求。所以，寫英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)，一定要時(shí)刻提醒自己盡量避免中文思維，先表明觀點(diǎn)，再 論證或說明。但所幸的是，幾乎所有的六級(jí)作文都是命題作文，只需根據(jù)題目確定某個(gè)方向就可以表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后做出解釋或論述。

例如，疑問式標(biāo)題的作文“Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?”，只需選擇是或不是，然后予以解釋或說明;陳述式標(biāo)題的作文“The Importance of Reading Classics”，就不能選擇，必須對(duì)該標(biāo)題直接予以解釋或論述。但無論標(biāo)題為何種形式，一篇作文只能圍繞一個(gè)中心展開，否則就會(huì)走題，下筆千言而離題 萬里。

其次，一個(gè)段落也只能針對(duì)一個(gè)中心展開，而且最好在開頭就鮮明地表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。具體而言，在四級(jí)作文中，就是圍繞提綱的中心以段落的形式對(duì)它 進(jìn)行豐富和發(fā)展。

例如，請(qǐng)以“Will E?books replace traditional books”為題，按照下面的提綱寫一篇文章，即1).隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電子圖書越來越多;2).有人認(rèn)為電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書，理由是?? 3).我的看法。對(duì)于第一點(diǎn)，其中心就是“電子圖書越來越多”，只需要以此為中心展開說明，比如可以列舉一些具體的事例;對(duì)于第二點(diǎn)，其中心是“有人認(rèn)為 電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書”，其主要理由是什么;第三點(diǎn)，我的看法如何呢，要么同意，要么不同意，再加以簡(jiǎn)單解釋。這樣，每段有每段的中心，所有段又都以第 三個(gè)提綱為核心，為其服務(wù)。這樣就有一個(gè)大概的輪廓，也不會(huì)跑題。

再次，每句話也應(yīng)該而且只能有一個(gè)中心，而且要避免啰唆和重復(fù)。有的同學(xué)，鑒于自己詞匯量有限，為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)，或有的同學(xué)，為了賣弄筆墨，可能會(huì) 利用一些復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)不斷地重復(fù)某個(gè)中心意思。這樣做，不但會(huì)影響文章的中心思想，而且也會(huì)讓人覺得晦澀難懂。例如，With regard to the fact that our environment is polluted, members of Congress should draft and consequently enact laws that prohibit pollution in our nation.這句話可以改為：Because our environment is polluted, Congress should pass laws prohibiting pollution.所以，要盡量圍繞一個(gè)中心寫一些簡(jiǎn)潔的句子，在此基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲂┚湫妥兓涂梢?，不要一味追求使用長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣做只會(huì)舍本逐 末、適得其反?？傊?，要記住句為段服務(wù)、段為篇服務(wù)、篇為中心或題目服務(wù)，也就是所說的“一定中心”。

2.二定方法

指圍繞定好的“中心”確定寫作所要采用的方法——講道理和擺事實(shí)。

(略)

3.三定結(jié)構(gòu)

指確定文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，一篇完整的四級(jí)應(yīng)試作文應(yīng)該包括三個(gè)部分，即：提出問題、分析問題和解決問題，也就是要回答“是什么、為什么 和怎么樣”三個(gè)問題。通常地，也可以理解為文章結(jié)構(gòu)形式的三個(gè)部分，即：開頭(起)、中間(承、轉(zhuǎn))、結(jié)尾(合)。

(略)

4.四定句式

要靈活運(yùn)用四種句子結(jié)構(gòu)——簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和拓展句，長(zhǎng)短句要合理相間，發(fā)揮短句表達(dá)有力(多用作結(jié)論)、長(zhǎng)句邏輯嚴(yán)密(多用于論證或 說明)的特點(diǎn)，切忌采取單一句式。簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句，這是英語(yǔ)中三種基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，大家不難理解。拓展句主要是指以前三種句子為基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)形成的比 較復(fù)雜的句子，其中有較多的非謂語(yǔ)成分，有的語(yǔ)法也將其稱為“復(fù)雜句”。(“拓展句”不是一個(gè)正規(guī)的語(yǔ)法概念，只是為了各位考生應(yīng)用和理解英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的 方便而提出的)。例如：After installed a skylight(天窗), the room looked brighter.四種句子之間的結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換的，但必須注意保持其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，尤其是在表達(dá)復(fù)雜而嚴(yán)密的意思的時(shí)候。寫作或檢查時(shí)，必須依據(jù)“任何一句 話只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，多于一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)就必須有連接詞”的原則，避免犯句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的常見錯(cuò)誤。這里所說的“一句話”，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指以句號(hào)、問號(hào)、分號(hào)、感嘆號(hào) 結(jié)尾的句子。四種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下：簡(jiǎn)單句→并列句(加并列連詞)→復(fù)合句(加表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞或代詞等)→拓展句(加非謂語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu))。

另外，還要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。有些同學(xué)寫作時(shí)不太注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法，往往會(huì)一“逗”到底或一“句”到底，不管什么情況都喜歡用逗號(hào)或句 話，有的甚至習(xí)慣在書寫時(shí)隨便停筆加個(gè)點(diǎn)號(hào)，這是一種很不好的習(xí)慣。大家都知道，在英文中，一個(gè)點(diǎn)就是一個(gè)句號(hào)。這樣隨便亂點(diǎn)，不僅是書寫潦草的問題，而 且很可能造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的不完整，出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。此外，要注意不要使用頓號(hào)。英文中沒有頓號(hào)，表示并列關(guān)系要用逗號(hào)，且最后兩個(gè)并列成分之間用“and”連 接，可加也可不加逗號(hào)。再者，一句話中最好不要使用逗號(hào)表示多個(gè)層次的并列，避免造成讀者理解上的困難。還有，在一些連接副詞前后都需要加標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，常見 的有however, moreover, therefore, consequently等。例如：I had heard the rumor before;consequently, I did not believe it.作文“定位法”也可以用下圖來簡(jiǎn)單表述：(略)

(二)寫作“四步定位法”實(shí)例講解

對(duì)歷年的真題分析可知，?？嫉乃募?jí)作文體裁主要有三種——說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文，所以接下來就通過具體的例子，來講解如何使用作文“定位法” 寫作這三種體裁的四級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文。

1.議論文

【題目】Will E-books replace traditional books?

【提綱】1).隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電子圖書越來越多

2).有人認(rèn)為電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書，理由是??

3).我的看法

一定中心：本文屬于提綱式命題的議論文，題目是“Will E?books replace traditional books”，屬于疑問式的題目，所以必須做出肯定或否定回答。同學(xué)們可以按照自己的想法，提出“E-books will replace traditional books”或“E-books won’t replace traditional books”的看法。

二定方法：可以先講道理，再舉例(具體見后面的范文)。

三定結(jié)構(gòu)：提綱有三點(diǎn)要求，第一點(diǎn)屬于“提出問題”部分，第二點(diǎn)屬于“分析問題”部分(分析別人的觀點(diǎn))，第三點(diǎn)也屬于“分析問題”部分(提出 自己的觀點(diǎn)，并作簡(jiǎn)單論證)，也就是對(duì)題目的回答和簡(jiǎn)單說明。整個(gè)提綱都沒有涉及到“解決問題”部分。所以，可以初步確定本文可以分為兩大部分、三個(gè)段 落，即“提出問題”和“分析問題”(別人和自己的觀點(diǎn))兩個(gè)部分，現(xiàn)象解釋、別人的觀點(diǎn)、自己的觀點(diǎn)三個(gè)段落。

因此，可以確定出如下的結(jié)構(gòu)：

第一部分，解釋電子圖書越來越多的現(xiàn)象，理論歸因?yàn)椤靶畔⒓夹g(shù)的發(fā)展”，并舉例說明其“越來越多”，通過講道理和擺事實(shí)拓展提綱的第一點(diǎn)。

第二部分可以分為兩段，第一段是別人的觀點(diǎn)(提綱的第二點(diǎn))，第二段是自己的觀點(diǎn)(提綱的第三點(diǎn))。別人的觀點(diǎn)又包括觀點(diǎn)和原因兩個(gè)部分，在簡(jiǎn) 單陳述觀點(diǎn)后，至少應(yīng)該指出兩點(diǎn)原因來論證這種觀點(diǎn)?？梢酝ㄟ^講道理，但最好運(yùn)用講道理和擺事實(shí)相結(jié)合的方法予以論證。第三點(diǎn)也如此，只不過是表明自己的 觀點(diǎn)而已。

可用英文簡(jiǎn)單表述成：

Para.1：Phenomenon: ubiquitous E-books nowadays/E?books become more popular

Reasons: the development of information technology(IT)

Examples: E-products/e-based products—e-mails, e-tickets, e-tests, e-books etc.Para.2：Some persons’ view: E-books will replace traditional books.Reasons: advantages of E?books;disadvantages of traditional books

Examples: read online without payment;immediate reading newly headline information

Para.3：(possible version 1)

My view: agree

Reasons: advantages of E?books;(convenient and accessible;easily storing and place-saving;easy-reading;environment protection)

Examples: bamboo-based books replaced by paper?based books

(possible version 2)

My view: disagree

Reasons: advantages of traditional books

Examples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy

(possible version 3)

My view:(neither totally agree nor totally disagree)coexist

Reasons: both has its advantages of existing

Examples: young people like E?books, while the old like traditional books;coexisting of camera and painting

四定句式：靈活使用四種句子結(jié)構(gòu)，采用長(zhǎng)短句間隔的寫法。

【范文】

Possible version 1：agree

With the developing of information technology, we are living in an e-era, where E-based products have become more and more popular/ are ubiquitous.E-mails, e-tickets and e-books have played a growing role in our daily life, while paper-based materials, such as traditional books, are suffering a great loss of their readers.Some people believe that E-books will replace the traditional books eventually because of its obvious advantages.Firstly, they are convenient and accessible.You can read so many kinds of interesting e-books without paying any money just if you have a computer connecting to the internet.Secondly, reading e-books has developed into part of our daily life.We can easily get latest headline information just by clicking a mouse gently without hearing noise made by frequently thumbing pages.As far as I’m concerned, I hold/share the same opinion with above persons.Besides the reasons offered by them, E-books are so beneficial for forest protection that they are greatly helpful in saving energy and protecting environment.Just as bamboo-based books were put an end by history, traditional books will lose its all readers and disappear/vanish in the future.Possible version 2：disagree(前兩段同上)

As for me, a long-time book worm, it’s not likely/impossible for E-books to replace traditional books.There are enough reasons which make traditional books survive.For example, long time of reading E-books will do harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materials because of unpopularity of computers and the internet to every corner of our life.Possible version 3：co-exist(前兩段同上)

From my perspective, I firmly believe e-books can not take the traditional books’ place totally.They will unquestionably co-exist for a long period.Although the e-books offer us lots of favorable consequences, the traditional books can provide us opportunities to take note on them and to be easy for collection.Therefore, e-books and traditional books are preferable to different people, and both of them can bring us benefits.下面是一個(gè)根據(jù)“定位法”整理出的現(xiàn)成的議論文寫作模板，供各位考生借鑒，既可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活應(yīng)用，也有助于加深對(duì)作文“定位法”的理解，進(jìn)一步掌握其精神實(shí)質(zhì)。只有這樣“有形加無形”，才能以不變應(yīng)萬變，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)考試。

第一段

There is no denying the fact that.描述現(xiàn)象，引起話題

To begin with,.主題展開句1

What’s more,.主題展開句2

第二段

There are many reasons accounting for.承上啟下,解釋這一現(xiàn)象的原因

The main reason is.說明原因一

Furthermore,.原因二

The last but not the least,.原因三

As a result,.講述導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果

第三段

As far as I’m concerned,.作者的態(tài)度

For one thing,.觀點(diǎn)一

For another,.觀點(diǎn)二

In conclusion,.總結(jié)全文

2.說明文

(略)

3.應(yīng)用文

(略)

另外，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和說明的一點(diǎn)是：雖然應(yīng)用文本身有自己的格式要求，必須要按照固定的格式來寫，但是最關(guān)鍵的還是要按照提綱的內(nèi)容來寫。換句話 說，應(yīng)用文就是具有某種特定格式要求的說明文或者議論文。

再者，應(yīng)用文雖然種類繁多、格式各異，但是除了一些客套話語(yǔ)和內(nèi)容的表達(dá)不同之外，其格式上仍有一些相似的、可循的固定規(guī)律。例如：

(1)日期均在開頭的右上方，其格式為：月/日/年或日/月/年，而不是年/月/日。

(2)稱呼后均用逗號(hào)，不能用冒號(hào)。??

(略)

常用句型或表達(dá)方法

普通信件(1)I’m very happy to receive your letter about?

(2)Thank you for you to offer me the help to?

(3)I’m writing the letter in purpose of?

(4)My thanks for you are beyond words.(5)I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you soon.(6)Your prompt reply to my letter would be highly appreciated.通知(7)Your attention, please?

(8)This is to note/notice/announce that?

(略)

二、寫作應(yīng)試技巧點(diǎn)撥

寫作是作者利用自己所具備的知識(shí)來表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和情感的一種復(fù)雜過程，深受作者自身的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、所處環(huán)境和情感等主客觀因素的影響，應(yīng)該是一種主動(dòng) 的、有感而發(fā)的自然過程，并沒有固定的規(guī)律和方法可循。但是，作為一種考試形式，作文卻是一種被動(dòng)的(固定題目或范圍的寫作)主動(dòng)表達(dá)過程，有其自身的規(guī) 律性和寫作技巧，尤其是四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文，它有一定的寫作套路和獨(dú)特的固定模式，考生可以通過大量的模仿練習(xí)來提高自己的寫作能力，豐富自己的寫作技巧，順利通過考試，為將來的進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)和工作奠定良好的寫作基礎(chǔ)。

四級(jí)作文基本上是命題作文或提綱作文，大部分是要求考生就某種現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己的看法，內(nèi)容多是考生所熟悉的生活題材，所以寫好四級(jí)作文 有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：第一，根據(jù)英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣來安排寫作結(jié)構(gòu);第二，用自己熟悉的英文詞匯、句式和句型正確地寫出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。因此，這里按照起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，詳細(xì)介紹一些寫作中常用的重點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)、詞匯、句式及句型。

(一)起

起，就是開門見山地提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法，文章的第一段和每段的第一句都是起，常會(huì)用到一些表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：nowadays, presently, now, with the coming of?等。下面是一些常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象型

(1)When it comes to?, different people hold different views.Some argue that?, while others believe that?

(2)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that?

(3)Nowadays, it is generally believed that?, but I doubt whether?

(4)As is known to all,?(諺語(yǔ)或名言).A case in point is that?

2.描述型(略)

(二)承(略)

(三)轉(zhuǎn)(略)

(四)合(略)

三、寫作真題例析(略)

四、寫作真題演練

Test 1

2008年12月真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.一次性塑料袋曾廣為使用

2.由此帶來的問題

3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意義

Test 2

2008年6月真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.娛樂活動(dòng)多種多樣

2.娛樂活動(dòng)可能使人們受益，也可能有危害性

3.作為大學(xué)生，我的看法

Test 3

2007年12月真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.各大學(xué)開設(shè)了各種各樣的選修課

2.學(xué)生因?yàn)楦鞣N原因選修了不同的選修課

3.以你自己為例??

Test 4

2007年6月真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.本社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的主要內(nèi)容

2.參加本社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的好處

3.如何加入本社團(tuán)

五、寫作真題演練參考范文

Test 1

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags

With its great advantage of convenience and endurance, disposable plastic bags are being widely used and have been an indispensable part of our daily life.We’ve been used to enjoying receiving free plastic bags offered by shop assistants, whenever we buy clothes, shoes and food at supermarkets or department stores.It seems that life without them is unimaginable for most of us.However, they do cause a lot of problems, especially bringing severe damage to our environment.Not only do they affect the beautifulness of our living settings，but also do harm to our health，because they are made from some kind of chemical material which can not be disposable.Once we burn them or bury them, they may pollute our air or water heavily.Thus, it’s imperative for us to take effective measures to limit the use of disposable plastic bags.Such actions are of great significance.It?s helpful in saving natural resource besides making our cities’ faces clean and beautiful.Furthermore, it can help reduce harmful damage to environment and thus to our human’s health.In view of current bad effects made by using disposable plastic bags, we everyone are responsible for limiting their use.Only in this way can we have a bright future.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作指導(dǎo)

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根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語(yǔ)提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。

參考范文

Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。

參考范文

Go on a Mediterranean Journey

My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation，the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting，but there was one man，a Mr.James，who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about，it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had，apparently，read more books，visited more countries and studied more languages，than anyone else had.After a few days，we ate our meals in silence，because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject，look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject，Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we

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discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr.歷年四級(jí)考試中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說明文的范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫題為“Students Use of Computers”的作文。

說明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來說明。

所以，說明文的思路要圍繞說明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開。例如：

范文點(diǎn)評(píng)

A Famous Clock

When you visit London，one of the first things you will see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been erected.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as well.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.Once，however，it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語(yǔ)》中的一篇經(jīng)典說明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開篇指明該鐘位于英國(guó)倫敦，且全世界的人們通過BBC就能夠聽到鐘聲。接下來講述了“大本鐘”的由來，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來龍去脈，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說明文之真諦也。

以“Goals”為題打開一篇說明文的思路。

參考思路

1)目標(biāo)的分類：(可根據(jù)時(shí)間順序，空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，任選一個(gè)進(jìn)行分類和排列)

2)各個(gè)類別的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)：

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3)組織成文：

范文點(diǎn)評(píng)

Goals

Everyone has goals.Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning.These three sets of goals should be developed： lifetime，intermediate and short term.Lifetime goals should be written out.These goals should be clear and reasonable.For instance，the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable.Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles，earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university，successfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation.Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.For the beginning doctoral student，intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal.Like lifetime goals，these are measurable and clearly stated.Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.These goals are more performance oriented，and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course，learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文介紹了人生的三種目標(biāo)：終生的、長(zhǎng)期的和短期的目標(biāo)。在文中采用了說明文常用的方法：定義、舉例、分類和比較等。

“成千上萬人瘋狂下載。。。

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第三篇：四級(jí)真題寫作命題剖析與預(yù)測(cè)

四級(jí)真題寫作命題剖析與預(yù)測(cè)

收集整理：肖慶華 陳明

一、寫作命題剖析

（一)大綱要求

根據(jù)全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)2006年11月公布的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試大綱（2006年修訂版)》（以下均簡(jiǎn)稱《大綱》)，寫作（writing)部分是測(cè)試學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力，所占分值比例為15%，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。

另外，《大綱》在附錄中詳細(xì)說明了“全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試（CET-4～CET-6)作文題評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”： 評(píng)分原則：

1.CET是檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級(jí)和六級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。

2.CET作文題采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（Reward Scores), 而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。

3.主要從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判（結(jié)構(gòu)也很重要）。內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語(yǔ)言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

4.避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分；該給低分的給低分，包括0分。一名閱卷人員在所評(píng)閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

1.本題滿分為15分。

2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷 1 ~ 2份。

3.閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為所閱文章與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分)相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分)；若認(rèn)為所閱文章稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)則可加1分（即9分)或減1分（即7分)。但不得加或減0.5分。4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

2分：條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。5分：基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

8分：基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

11分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

14分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。

(注：白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想，則給0分。)5.字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分。

CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

＜49 CET-6 140-149 130-139 120-129 110-119 100-109 90-99

80-89

＜79 扣分

9(注：①如題目中給出主題句、起始句、結(jié)束句，均不得計(jì)入所寫字?jǐn)?shù)。②規(guī)定的內(nèi)容未寫全者，按比例扣分。③如要判為0分，須慎重處理。)6.為了便于閱卷人員掌握評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，現(xiàn)將各檔作文分相當(dāng)于百分制的得分，列表如下，稱為得分率。其中9分的得分率為60分（相當(dāng)于百分制的60分)。

作文分15 14 得分率100 94 87

54 47

34 20 7（二)評(píng)分剖析

對(duì)研究《大綱》關(guān)于寫作部分的要求、評(píng)分原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，寫作的得分是一種綜合分?jǐn)?shù)。歸納起來看，寫作分?jǐn)?shù)主要包括總體印象、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)、文章結(jié)構(gòu)和思想內(nèi)容四個(gè)大的方面，而各個(gè)方面又有一些具體的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。（三)命題特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)

分析近幾年來的試題可知，寫作部分的命題有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)： 1.考試內(nèi)容多以學(xué)生熟悉的日常學(xué)習(xí)生活和應(yīng)該關(guān)心的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)為主。

2.題材多以議論文和說明文為主，有時(shí)會(huì)考些簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用文，且多以信函為主。3.命題形式以文字提綱為主，圖表提綱為輔。4.題目主要是陳述性短語(yǔ)、句子或一般疑問句。

二、寫作命題預(yù)測(cè)

作文的命題，仍會(huì)堅(jiān)持“穩(wěn)中求變”的命題原則?！胺€(wěn)”是指作文考查的目的不變，仍以測(cè)試考生基本的書面表達(dá)能力為主；考查的內(nèi)容不變，仍側(cè)重于思想表達(dá)、篇章組織、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用、寫作格式四個(gè)方面?！白儭笔侵缸魑牡目疾樾问綍?huì)變，不但其文體會(huì)變，而且考查的具體內(nèi)容必然會(huì)變。因此，除了要具有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法、詞匯知識(shí)和篇章組織技巧之外，考生還應(yīng)該多留心觀察和思考日常生活中的常見現(xiàn)象，并通過閱讀報(bào)紙、雜志、書籍等來了解一些常見的社會(huì)看法和觀點(diǎn)，在整理和提煉思想的同時(shí)，積累豐富的常見問題的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣和方式，只有這樣才能做到有備無患，從容應(yīng)考。

有鑒于此，建議考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.熟悉常見三種文體的寫作方法，在總結(jié)規(guī)律和背誦相關(guān)模板的同時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用模板，切忌生搬硬套，更忌無中生有畫蛇添足；

2.熟練掌握各種句式間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的技巧，避免句式單一或句式復(fù)雜；

3.盡量能抽取時(shí)間來閱讀一些與大學(xué)或日常生活相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)新聞、報(bào)紙或雜志；

4.要學(xué)好使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，但避免大量使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，堅(jiān)持“內(nèi)容決定形式”的寫作原則，切忌為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)而胡亂堆砌關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)；

5.要吃透重點(diǎn)詞匯的用法，切忌生造詞匯或囫圇吞棗；

6.無需在應(yīng)用文上投入太多精力，只要將其基本格式吃透就可以，因?yàn)槠渚唧w內(nèi)容的寫法或結(jié)構(gòu)基本等同于常見的三種文體；

第四篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作萬能

新東方英語(yǔ)四級(jí)：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英語(yǔ)四級(jí)一對(duì)一咨詢qq：1613508081段首句

1.關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。

There is an old saying______.It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.【外語(yǔ)教育&網(wǎng)】

4.現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因?yàn)椤硗猓ǘ遥?/p>

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為（說）……，在他們看來，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人類正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題……，這個(gè)問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why? 新東方英語(yǔ)四級(jí)：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英語(yǔ)四級(jí)一對(duì)一咨詢qq：1613508081

第五篇：四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作

說明原因型模板

（一）Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注釋：

1、XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

2、支持XX的做法來源：恒星英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

3、不支持XX的做法

4、XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

5、舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二

相應(yīng)作文：The importance of self-confidence Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).說明原因型模板

（二）In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).相應(yīng)作文： The impact of Television In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.說明原因型模板

（三）For most of us today,(1).From above, we can find that the reasons why(2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is(3).Second,(4).The third reason, actually, is(5).The

significance for(6).Therefore,(7).注釋：

1、人們針對(duì)XX的態(tài)度和舉措

2、歸納現(xiàn)狀

3、第一個(gè)原因

4、第二個(gè)原因

5、第三個(gè)原因

6、重申造成現(xiàn)狀的最重要原因

相應(yīng)作文：Pollution Most of us today(recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem.lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air.many fish die of poisonous water.thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why(environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows.the primary reason, I think, is(the reason of harmful substances into environment.for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests.however, they pollute air, water and land).Second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly).the third reason actually is(the result of a growing population in the world.everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment).The significance for(controlling pollution)noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken.Therefore,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste.let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).說明原因型模塊

（四）These days we often hear that(1).It is common that(2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(3).For another,(4).What is more, since

(5),it is natural that(6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as(7)to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注釋：

1、提出論題

2、說明現(xiàn)狀

3、理由一

4、理由二

5、理由三

6、理由三引起的后果

7、解決方法

相應(yīng)作文：Pollution of environment These days we often hear that(our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that(many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since(the industrial revolution),it is natural that(a great number of factories have been

springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth.We should do something such as(planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources)to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.圖表式作文寫作模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of……(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are……(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all,……(第一個(gè)原因).More importantly,……(第二個(gè)原因).Most important of all,……(第三個(gè)原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).提綱式作文寫作模板

1、對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式

A.有人認(rèn)為X 是好事，贊成X，為什么？

B.有人認(rèn)為X 是壞事，反對(duì)X，為什么？

C.我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個(gè)原因。However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反對(duì)X 的第一個(gè)理由。An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。

2、批駁觀點(diǎn)式

A．一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。

B．我不同意。Many people argue that 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。There might be some element of truth in these people's belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3、社會(huì)問題(現(xiàn)象)式

A．一個(gè)社會(huì)問題或者現(xiàn)象

B．產(chǎn)生的原因

C．對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的影響

D．如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)

E．前景的預(yù)測(cè)。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論

文的寫法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will……

辯論式議論文模版

（一）Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that

觀點(diǎn)1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that

觀點(diǎn)2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all,論據(jù)1.More importantly,論據(jù)2.Most important of all,論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心?；騀rom above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè)。

辯論式議論文模版

（二）People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that

觀點(diǎn)1.While others point out that

觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing,論據(jù)1.For another,論據(jù)2.Last but not the least,論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心。或From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè)。

辯論式議論文模版

（三）There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn))。Some people are of the view that

觀點(diǎn)1.While others take an opposite side, firmly believing that

觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all,論據(jù)1.Furthermore,來源：恒星英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

論據(jù)2.Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is,論據(jù)3.A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心?；?From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè)。

展現(xiàn)問題篇

問題的常用詞：question, problem, issue

Recently, the issue of......has been brought into public focus.近來，_______的問題引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes

have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時(shí)代，很多人對(duì)某些傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很

大改變。

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide

concern in the public.近來，是否_______的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為_______而另一些人則認(rèn)為_______。其實(shí)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都其可取之處。People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題，我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問題的看法也不盡相同。When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...說到______，有人認(rèn)為________，而另一些人則認(rèn)為__________。Just as the saying goes: “so many people, so many minds”.It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗話說：不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.對(duì)于這個(gè)問題，不同的人持不同的觀點(diǎn)。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...萬事萬物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。When it comes to..., most people believe that..., but other people regard...as....提到_________問題，很多人認(rèn)為_________，不過，一些人則認(rèn)為______是____.When faced with...., quite a few people claim that...., but other people think as...提到_________問題，僅少數(shù)人認(rèn)為________，但另一些人則認(rèn)為_________。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of....There who criticize...argue hat...., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，_______問題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判_______的人認(rèn)為_______，他們認(rèn)為_______，不過，另一方面，贊同_______的人則認(rèn)為_________。Some people are of the opinion that..有些人認(rèn)為_____________。Many people claim that...很多人認(rèn)為_____________。A majority of 絕大多數(shù) A large number of 很多人 Some people contend that...has proved to bring many advantages(disadvantages)有些人認(rèn)為________有很多有利之處(不利之處)。Those who argue for...say that...economic development of the cities.覺得_____的人認(rèn)為，______ 城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。Some people advocate that....有些人在堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_________。They hold that...他們認(rèn)為_________。People, who advocate that..., have their sound reasons(grounds)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為______的人也有其說法(依據(jù))。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些從中受益的人對(duì)此大家褒獎(jiǎng)。Those who strongly approve of...have cogent reasons for it.強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同_______的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that...有人會(huì)認(rèn)為___________。來源：恒星英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) People who support...give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_________觀點(diǎn)的人列出了如下原因：________。But others hold the view that...但是，另外一些人則認(rèn)為_______。觀點(diǎn)的用詞：Attitude, opinion, 與其搭配的動(dòng)詞以及詞組：Take, have, come up with，set orth, put forward等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.不過，另一方面，也有少部分人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_______________。But people who are..., on the other hand , maintain that...不過，另一方面，________的人認(rèn)為__________。However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人對(duì)此有不同的看法。

綜合篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention,one of which is that....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對(duì)于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up

with different attitudes 有不同的看法)

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注.....來源：恒星英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求職的過程中，人們慢慢意識(shí)到面試的重要性。

As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite

natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得___________的問題，一直以來爭(zhēng)論不休。當(dāng)然，不同的人對(duì)此可能持不

同的觀點(diǎn)。

In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的發(fā)展中，我們往往會(huì)陷入困境。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心______________。

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid

economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人類進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們

帶來了很多問題。

......plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the

present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?“

_______顯得非常重要而成為當(dāng)今世界所關(guān)注的最大的問題，這是無可厚非的。不過，問題是：”我們?cè)撊绾尉駬?"

Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,現(xiàn)在我們正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)的新時(shí)代。