第一篇：2010年成人高考專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)考試試題和答案

2010年成人高考專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)考試試題和答案

Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points)

Directions:

In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.mark B.warm C.ward D.war

2.A.three B.those C.thank D.theatre

3.A.wind B.kind C.find D.mind

4.A.plant B.craft C.grasp D.at

5.A.now B.knowledge C.bow D.allow

6.A.says B.plays C.stays D.days

7.A.leave B.scream C.head D.lead

8.A.resemble B.resist C.resolve D.respect

9.A.fault B.daughter C.cause D.laugh

10.A.crew B.new C.few D.dew

Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)

Directions:

There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.Which is ______ country, the United States or Canada?

A.a larger B.larger C.the larger D.the largest

12.The silk feels ________.A.soft B.softly C.softness D.softy

13.Two nuclear power stations _______ in the past ten years.A.are built B.have been built C.would be built D.are building

14.They kept on ______ till they got to the foot of the hill.A.to run B.running C.runing D.run

15.There is much work to do, _______?

A.isn’t it B.is there C.isn’t there D.is it

16._______ as he is, he can’t understand the English film.A.A student of English B.Though a student of English

C.Student of English D.Being a student of English

17.The old in the country _______ taken good care of.A.have B.has C.is D.are

18.Not a single mistake _______ in the test.A.he made B.did he make C.he has made D.made he

19.______ my surprise, I got a high grade in this test.A.For B.To C.To be D.On

20.She never agree _______ you, did she?

A.to B.with C.in D.at 21.Would you mind _______ a photo of you?

A.me take B.to take C.my taking D.me to take

22.The lady treats the boy well as if he ______ her own son.A.is B.was C.were D.would be

23._______ round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.A.Taken B.Taking C.To be taken D.Being taken

24.He had a pain _______ his back.A.on B.with C.in D.onto

25.The city _______ I was born is on the new railway line.A.which B.that C.on which D.where

26.I had _______ that I would always remember it.A.so a good experience B.such a good experience

C.so good an experience D.such good an experience

27.______ give us help is welcome.A.Who ever B.Whoever C.No matter who D.Those who

28.After running for nearly half an hour, I was ________.A.out of place B.out of control C.out of breath D.out of practice

29.The mother told the little boy to do all the things _______.A.on himself B.on his own C.to himself D.by own

30.You had better _______ a jacket, because it is cold outside.A.take on B.to take on C.put on D.to put on

31.If you will do that, please take me into ________.A.think B.thinking C.thought D.account

32.My pen has _______ ink.A.run out of B.a few C.run away D.no little

33.There are, of course, bad teachers as well as ________.A.good one B.some good C.good ones D.those good

34.“______ haste, the less speed” is good advice he often gives us.A.More B.The more C.The morer D.Morer

35.You do look _______.You are not at all like a person who has been ill in bed for years.A.good B.well C.sad D.disappointed

36.Some people like to eat apples.But some prefer bananas _______ apples.A.to B.for C.with D.against

37.I _______ here two years ago.A.moved to B.have moved C.have moved to D.moved

38.He is _______ strong a man ________ he can lift ten stones like this one.A.such…so B.so…that C.such a …that D.so a …for

39.It _______ they who lent me the television.A.was B.is C.were D.are

40.A famous Canadian doctor expressed the value of hobbies by saying, “______ man is really happy without a hobby.”

A.Not B.Without C.No D.None 41.Television broadcasts are ________ to an area that is within sight of the sending station of its relay.A.prohibited B.bounded C.limited D.restricted

42.Many things ________ impossible in the past are common today.A.to consider B.being considered C.considering D.considered

43.My parents wanted _______ me.A.make a scientist B.to make a scientist

C.make a scientist of D.to make a scientist of

44.He has a bad habit of ________ others when they are speaking.A.involving B.investigating C.interfering D.interrupting

45.I like that new watch very much, but I can’t ________it.A.cost B.offer C.pay D.spend

46.Tom arrived at the office and discovered that he had _______ his door key.A.lent B.borrowed C.lost D.no

47.The beautiful scene left a deep _______ on the foreign visitors.A.thought B.idea C.thinking D.impression

48.The room is a little small;_______ it is so hot.A.in addition B.in addition to C.additional D.adding

49.I wish I ______ her address yesterday.A.know B.had known C.would known D.knew

50.It ______ yesterday.The ground is still wet now.A.must have rained B.was raining C.rained D.had rained

Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)

Directions:

For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money.Most people can budget their money so that their income will cover expected expenses _52_ food, clothing, housing, and public services.But, there is no way to know _53_ who will suffer a crisis(危機(jī))such as a serious illness, fire, flood, or a car accident.Such crises usually _54_ great expense.Even if people could predict crises, it would be hard to save enough money to _55_ the expenses.Insurance is a system _56_ a company collects money from many individuals and then pays certain expenses whenever one of those insured individuals is faced with a certain crisis.An insurance policy _57_ how much the insurance costs and how much the company will pay when a policy holder is faced with a certain crisis.There are many different kinds of insurance, _58_ hospital, motor-car and fire.Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind.Insurance is something _59_ people buy and hope they will _60_ need.51.A.for B.from C.against D.with

52.A.such as B.for example C.that D.the same as

53.A.predict B.ahead C.in advance D.earlier

54.A.result from B.make C.take D.result in

55.A.cover B.pay back C.fill D.make full

56.A.that B.by which C.what D.where

57.A.said B.agree C.make sure D.states

58.A.include B.including C.as well as D.also

59.A.which B.that C.as D.like

60.A.never B.ever C.sometimes D.often Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)

Directions:

There are four reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One

Researchers have found that REM(rapid eye movement)sleep is important to human beings.This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence.The deeper a person’s sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM(non-rapid eye movement)to REM sleep.Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep.It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.61.According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night?

A.Once B.Twice C.Four of five times D.Forty times

62.The word “deeper” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A.heavier.B.louder.C.stronger.D.happier.63.Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?

A.His eyes begin to move.B.His breathing becomes faster.C.His heart rate increases.D.His eyes stop moving.64.The subject of this passage is ________.A.why people sleep B.the human need for REM sleep

C.the characteristic of REM sleep D.physical changes in the human body

65.Which of the following is the best title of the article?

A.REM Sleep B.Two Types of Sleep C.Sleepers D.What Happens to Sleepers

Passage Two

The Mother Goose Stories, so well known to children all over the word, are commonly said to have been written by a little old woman for her grandchildren.According to some people, she lived in Boston, and her real name was Elizabeth Vergoose.Her son-in-law, a printer named Thomas Fleet, was supposed to have published the famous stories and poems for small children in 1719.However, no copy of this book has ever been found, and most scholars doubt the truth of this story—and doubt, moreover, that Mother Goose was ever a real person.They point out that the name is a direct translation of the French “Mere I’ Oye.” In 1697 the Frenchman Charles Perrault published the first book in which this name was used.The collection contains eight tales, including “Sleeping Beauty,” “Cinderella,” and “Puss in Boots.” But Perrault did not originate these stories;they were already quite popular in his day, and he only collected them.66.What is suppssed to have happened in 1719?

Elizabeth Vergoose wrote the first Mother Goose Stories.Thomas Fleet published the Mother Goose Stories.The Mother Goose Stories were translated into French.Charles Perrault published the first Mother Goose Stories.67.Most scholars consider Mother Goose to be _________.A.a real person B.a book written by a little old woman

C.a collection by Elizabeth Vergoose D.a translation from French

68.When Perrault published the first book in 1679, _______.no story of the book had been known to people

some stories of the book were already well known

few people were interested in the stories of the book

stories like “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella” became popular

69.The name used in the first book published in 1679 is supposed to have been _______.A.Mother Goose B.Mere I’ Oye C.Elizabeth Vergoose D.Charles Perrault

70.On the basis of this passage, what may be concluded about the real origin of stories “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella”?

They were invented by Elizabeth Vergoose.They were invented by Thomas Fleet.They were invented by Charles Perrault.Their writers are unknown.Passage Three

Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts;they rely on depositors(儲(chǔ)戶(hù))not to demand payment all at the same time.If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not safe, that it cannot pay off all its depositors, then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day.If they did, the bank could not pay all accounts.However, if they did not all appear at once, then there would always be enough money to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it.Mrs.Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced.One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs.Vaught lived.The other banks expected a run the next day, and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs Vaught worked as a teller had enough money on hand to pay off their depositors.The officers simply told the tellers to pay on demand.The next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside.The length of the line made many think that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone.People began to push and then to fight for places near the tellers’ windows, The power of the panic atmosphere was such that two tellers, though they knew that the bank was quite all right and could pay all depositors, drew their own money from the bank.Mrs Vaught says that she had difficulty keeping herself from doing the same.71.A bank run happens when _______.a bank is closed for one or more days

too many depositors try to draw out their money at one time

there is not enough money to pay all its depositors at one time

tellers of a bank take their own money from the bank

72.The tellers in Mrs.Vaught’s bank were told to ________.explain why they could not pay out all accounts

pay out accounts as requested

make the depositors believe that the bank was stand

pay out money as slowly as possible

73.The main cause of a bank run is _______.A.loss of confidence B.lack of money

C.crowds of people D.inexperienced tellers

74.Which of the following did Mrs.Vaught say?

She know that the bank was not sound.She feared that too many depositors drawing their money would close the bank.She was not able to draw out her money.She was tempted to draw out her money.75.According to the passage, the actions of the depositors of Mrs.Vaught’s bank were affected mainly by the _______.ease with which they could get their money

confidence that Mrs.Vaught showed

failure of several other banks to open

confidence shown by other depositors of the bank

Passage Four

One of the greatest problems for those settlers in Nebraska in the last quarter of the previous century was fuel.Little of the state was forested when the first settlers arrived and it is probable that by 1880, only about one-third of the originally forested area remained, down to a mere 1 percent of the state’s 77,000 square miles.With wood and coal out of the question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the harsh winter months for heating, some solution had to be found.Somewhat improbably, the buffalo provided the answer.Buffalo chips(干糞塊)were found to burn evenly, hotly, and cleanly, with little smoke and interestingly, no odor, Soon, collecting them became a way of life for the settlers’ children who would pick them up on their way to and from school, or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance.Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl he wanted to marry, would arrive with a large bag of chips rather than with a box of candy or a bunch of flowers.76.What is the main topic of this passage?

The solution to the Nebraska settlers’ fuel problem.Life in Nebraska in the late ninteenth century.The imporance of the American buffalo.Deforestation in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century.77.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Nebraska was not a densely-forested state even before the settlers arrived.The children enjoyed collecting the buffalo chips.The children spent a lot of time collecting the chips.Buffalo chips were satisfactory as a fuel.78.The passage implies that buffalo chips were needed _______.A.in greater amounts in summer B.in greater amounts in winter

C.only in summer D.only in winter

79.Which of the following does the author not express surprise at?

The children needed competitions to them.The buffalo chips gave off no smell.Buffalo chips were the answer to the settlers’ fuel problem.Young men took bags of buffalo chips to their girl friends.80.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Early Settlers B.One Use of the Buffalo Chips

C.Nebraska’s Problems D.How Young Men Express Their Love for Girls

Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a letter of about 80 words according to the following situation.你叫李平，是英語(yǔ)系學(xué)生會(huì)主席。寫(xiě)一封信給王教授，請(qǐng)他做一個(gè)有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史的報(bào)告。注意信中要包括目的、時(shí)間、日期和地點(diǎn)。參考答案

Ⅰ.Phonetics

1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C

8.D 9.D 10.A

Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure

11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.D

18.B 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.C 23.A 24.C

25.D 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.B 30.C 31.D

32.A 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.A 37.D 38.B

39.A 40.C 41.C 42.D 43.D 44.D 45.B

46.C 47.D 48.A 49.B 50.A

Ⅲ.Cloze

51.C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.D

58.B 59.B 60.D

Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension

61.C 62.A 63.C 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.D

68.B 69.B 70.D 71.B 72.B 73.B 74.D

75.C 76.A 77.B 78.B 79.A 80.B

Ⅴ.Writing

May 19,2002

Dear Professor Wang:

On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p? m.in Lecture Hall 419, on May 25.Looking forward to your lecture.Inform us in advance if you can not come.Sincerely yours，Li Ping

轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng) 004km.cn 轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng) 004km.cn

第二篇：2010成人高考專(zhuān)升本語(yǔ)文試題及答案

二、填空題（本大題共10個(gè)小題，每小題1分，共10分。把答案填在題中橫線(xiàn)上）

16．孔子名丘，字________。17．所謂“四書(shū)”是指《孟子》、《大學(xué)》、《中庸》和《_________》。18．慨當(dāng)以慷，憂(yōu)思難忘。何以解憂(yōu)，____________。19．孟子回答了梁惠王提出的問(wèn)題是__________。

20．莊子《秋水》中體現(xiàn)了他的哲學(xué)本體論是__________主義的。

21．《陳情表》選自《__________》。

22．魯迅原名周樟壽，改名周樹(shù)人。浙江_________人。

23．《箱子巖》的作者是___________。

24．巴金的小說(shuō)《家》、《春》、《秋》合稱(chēng)《__________》。

25．傅雷是我國(guó)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代著名的___________家。

三、詞語(yǔ)解釋題（解釋句中加點(diǎn)詞的詞義。本大題共10個(gè)小題，每小題1分，共10分）

26．來(lái)丕豹、公孫支于晉。

來(lái)：

27．零丁孤苦，至于成立。

成立：

28．原莊宗之所以得天下??

原：

29．辟邪說(shuō)，難壬人，不為拒諫。

壬：

30．因?yàn)橛钪娲蠡?，刻刻流轉(zhuǎn)，絕不停留。

宇宙大化：

31．茫茫百千萬(wàn)劫。

劫：

32．時(shí)日曷喪，予及汝偕亡！

曷：

33．常有兵燹，常有水旱。兵燹：

34．下所以事上，上所以共神也。事：

35．請(qǐng)以遺之。

遺：

四、翻譯題（將下列各小題中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。本大題共5個(gè)小題，每小題2分，共10分）

36．他植者，雖窺伺效慕，莫能如也。（《種樹(shù)郭橐駝傳》）

他植者，雖窺伺效慕：

37．以子之道，移之官理，可乎？（《種樹(shù)郭案駝傳》）

以子之道，移之官理：

38．梨園以技鳴者，無(wú)慮數(shù)十輩，而其最著者二。（《馬伶?zhèn)鳌罚?/p>

無(wú)慮數(shù)十輩：

39．以此長(zhǎng)不見(jiàn)悅于長(zhǎng)吏，仆則愈益不顧也。（《劉報(bào)一丈書(shū)》）

以此長(zhǎng)不見(jiàn)悅于長(zhǎng)吏：

40．橫槊賦詩(shī)，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉?。ā肚俺啾谫x》）

而今安在哉：

五、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共5個(gè)小題，每小題4分，共20分）

41．試說(shuō)明蘇軾《前赤壁賦》的時(shí)代背景。

42．試說(shuō)明培根在《論學(xué)問(wèn)》一文中是怎樣闡釋治學(xué)的目的的？ 43．說(shuō)明司馬遷通過(guò)李廣這一形象要表達(dá)的思想感情。44．請(qǐng)解釋《張中丞傳后敘》中“后敘”的含義。

45．對(duì)于培根的“學(xué)問(wèn)鍛煉天性，而其本身又受經(jīng)驗(yàn)的鍛煉”這句話(huà)我們應(yīng)如何理解？

六、分析題（本大題共10個(gè)小題，46~50每小題4分，51~55每小題3分，共35分）

（一）閱讀《門(mén)檻》開(kāi)頭這幾段文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

我看見(jiàn)一座大樓。

正面一道窄門(mén)敞開(kāi)。門(mén)里一片陰森的黑暗。高高的門(mén)檻前站著一位姑娘??一位俄羅斯的姑娘。

望不透的黑暗中散發(fā)著寒氣，隨著寒氣從大廈里面?zhèn)鞒鲆粋€(gè)慢吞吞的不響亮的聲音：

“啊，你要跨進(jìn)這道門(mén)檻來(lái)，想做什么？你知道有什么在等待著你？”

“我知道?！惫媚镞@樣回答。

46．說(shuō)明“一座大樓”、“門(mén)檻”、“一位姑娘”的象征意義？

47．說(shuō)明《門(mén)檻》是一種什么樣的文學(xué)體裁？其是否有邊緣性？

（二）、閱讀《長(zhǎng)亭送別》中三宮調(diào)文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

[正宮][端正好]碧云天，黃花地，西風(fēng)緊，北雁南飛。曉來(lái)誰(shuí)染霜林醉？總是離人淚。[滾繡球]恨相見(jiàn)的遲，怨歸去的疾。柳絲長(zhǎng)玉驄難系，恨不得倩疏林掛住斜暉。馬兒迍迍的行，車(chē)幾快快的隨，卻告了相思回避，破題兒又早別離。聽(tīng)得道一聲去也，松了金釧，遙望見(jiàn)十里長(zhǎng)亭，減了玉肌。此恨誰(shuí)知！

48．鶯鶯是怎樣看待這次送張生進(jìn)京趕考的？表現(xiàn)了她什么樣的心情？ 49．舉例說(shuō)明哪些地方是情景交融？

50．舉例說(shuō)明哪些地方運(yùn)用了夸張的藝術(shù)手法？

（三）閱讀《斷魂槍》中的一段文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

誰(shuí)不曉得沙子龍是利落，短瘦，硬棒，兩眼明得像霜夜的大星？可是，現(xiàn)在他身上放了肉。鏢局改了客棧，他自己在后小院占著三間北房，大槍立在墻角，院子里有幾只樓鴿。只是在夜間，他把小院的門(mén)關(guān)好，熟習(xí)熟習(xí)他的“五虎斷魂槍”。

51．這段文字對(duì)沙子龍進(jìn)行了什么樣的藝術(shù)描寫(xiě)？

52．沙子龍為什么要在夜間關(guān)好了門(mén)，才熟習(xí)他的“五虎斷魂槍”？

（四）閱讀《山居秋暝》一詩(shī)，然后回答問(wèn)題。

山居秋暝（王維）

空山新雨后，天氣晚來(lái)秋。

明月松間照，清泉石上流。

竹喧歸浣女，蓮動(dòng)下漁舟。

隨意春芳歇，王孫自可留。

53．此詩(shī)可以劃分為幾層？每層文意是什么？

54．本詩(shī)屬不屬于山水詩(shī)？顯示了詩(shī)人怎樣的生活情趣？

55．本詩(shī)寫(xiě)作上的突出特點(diǎn)是什么？“詩(shī)中有畫(huà)”的特點(diǎn)是如何體現(xiàn)的？

七、作文（50分）

56．《書(shū)》曰：“滿(mǎn)招損，謙得益?！闭?qǐng)以“有益的格言”為題寫(xiě)一篇文章。

要求：A．必須寫(xiě)成議論文。

B．不少于800字。

C．字跡工整，卷面整潔。

第三篇：2017年成人高考高升專(zhuān)英語(yǔ)考試試題及答案

2017年成人高考高升專(zhuān)英語(yǔ)考試試題及答案(一)

一、語(yǔ)音知識(shí)。

1、選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線(xiàn)部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)(A)。A．a(chǎn)lready B．each C．league D．weak

2、選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線(xiàn)部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)(B)。A．produce B．true C．computer D．news

3、選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線(xiàn)部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)(A)。A．calm B．hall C．talk D．ball

4、選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線(xiàn)部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)(B)。A．breath B．Breathe C．Mouth D．cloth

5、選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線(xiàn)部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)(C)。A．Dollar B．Honest C．Polite D．pocket

二、詞匯與語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

6．This novel is worthy of___A___.A．reading B．read C．having read D．being read 7．It is very kind___A___seeme.A．from you to B．a(chǎn)s C．a(chǎn)s if D．like that 8．It looks___C___it’s going to rain.A．that B．a(chǎn)s C．a(chǎn)s if D．like that 9．The stone was so heavy that it was difficult for the old man to__A____it． A．lift B．reach C．rise D．touch 10．They lives___B___the other side of the road． A．in B．on C．for D．by 11．___D___that we were late,we started to run.A．Know B．To know C．Knowing D．Being known 12.This room is___C___any of the others in the building． A．the biggest than B．big as C．bigger than D．the biggest of 13．Just think Ann got the house____D__all by herself！A．Paint B．be painted C．to paint D．painted 14．The policeman caught the man___C___the arm． A．by B．with C．on D．a(chǎn)t 15．To get an education，___A___．

A．one must work hard B．working hard is important C．to work hard is necessary D．it is needed to work hard 16．The meeting___C___．

A．is to put off B．is going to put off C．is to be put off D．will put off 17．Never___C___tilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday． A．put on B．put away C．put off D．put up 18．Mother kept inviting Mrs．Smith to stay for lunch，and finally she__C____.A．gave out B．gave off C．gave in D．gave away 19．France is___C___only European country I have visited． A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the D．不填

20．The problem of pollutionin this city is more serious than__A____in other cities.A．that B．it C．this D．those

第四篇：2011年成人高考專(zhuān)升本語(yǔ)文試題及答案

2011年成人高考專(zhuān)升本語(yǔ)文模擬試題和答案詳解

一、選擇題（本大題共15個(gè)小題，每小題1分，共15分。在每小題給出的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是符合要求的，把所選項(xiàng)前的字母填在題后括號(hào)內(nèi)）

1．“惟陳言之務(wù)去”出自（）

A．《諫逐客書(shū)》 B．《種樹(shù)郭橐鴕傳》

C．《答李翊書(shū)》

D．《答司馬諫議書(shū)》 2．成語(yǔ)“夙興夜寐”出自（）

A．《陳情表》

B．《短歌行》

C．《關(guān)山月》 D．《氓》

3．《米龍老爹》的作者是（）

A．契訶夫

B．莫泊桑 C．歐·亨利

D．托爾斯泰

4．《新五代史》的撰寫(xiě)者是（）

A．歐陽(yáng)修

B．宋祁

C．司馬光 D．王安石

5．杜牧是唐朝哪個(gè)時(shí)期的詩(shī)人（）

A．初唐

B．晚唐 C．中唐

D．盛唐

6．“計(jì)中國(guó)之在海內(nèi)”中的“中國(guó)”是指（）

A．神州 B．中國(guó)

C．中原

D．九州

7．“狡兔三窟”的典故出自（）

A．《李將軍列傳》

B．《馮諼客孟嘗君》

C．《季氏將伐顓臾》 D．《寡人之于國(guó)也》

8．《行路難》的作者是（）

鄭州華信學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

A．白居易

B．杜甫 C．李白

D．李商隱

9．杜甫《蜀相》“兩朝開(kāi)濟(jì)老臣心”中“老臣”是指（）

A．曹操 B．李斯

C．諸葛亮

D．王安石

10．《白雪歌送武判官歸京》屬于（）

A．山水詩(shī)

B．樂(lè)府詩(shī)

C．田園詩(shī) D．邊塞詩(shī)

11．中唐倡導(dǎo)新樂(lè)府運(yùn)動(dòng)的詩(shī)人是（）

A．李白 B．李賀

C．白居易

D．杜牧

12．《北方》一詩(shī)選自艾青詩(shī)集（）

A．《大堰河》

B．《火把》

C．《北方》 D．《向太陽(yáng)》

13．屠格涅夫的《門(mén)檻》是（）

A．小說(shuō)

B．散文 C．散文詩(shī)

D．政論

14．柳永《八聲甘州》的線(xiàn)索是（）

A．登高臨遠(yuǎn) B．睹物思人

C．雨灑江天

D．佳人颙望

15．《**》中反復(fù)說(shuō)“一代不如一代”的人物是（）

A．趙七爺

B．七斤

C．八一嫂 D．九斤老太

二、填空題（本大題共10個(gè)小題，每小題1分，共10分。把答案填在題中橫線(xiàn)上）

鄭州華信學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

16．孔子名丘，字________。

17．所謂“四書(shū)”是指《孟子》、《大學(xué)》、《中庸》和《_________》。

18．慨當(dāng)以慷，憂(yōu)思難忘。何以解憂(yōu)，____________。

19．孟子回答了梁惠王提出的問(wèn)題是__________。

20．莊子《秋水》中體現(xiàn)了他的哲學(xué)本體論是__________主義的。

21．《陳情表》選自《__________》。

22．魯迅原名周樟壽，改名周樹(shù)人。浙江_________人。

23．《箱子巖》的作者是___________。

24．巴金的小說(shuō)《家》、《春》、《秋》合稱(chēng)《__________》。

25．傅雷是我國(guó)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代著名的___________家。

三、詞語(yǔ)解釋題（解釋句中加點(diǎn)詞的詞義。本大題共10個(gè)小題，每小題1分，共10分）

26．來(lái)丕豹、公孫支于晉。

來(lái)：

27．零丁孤苦，至于成立。

成立：

28．原莊宗之所以得天下…… 原：

29．辟邪說(shuō)，難壬人，不為拒諫。

壬：

30．因?yàn)橛钪娲蠡?，刻刻流轉(zhuǎn)，絕不停留。

宇宙大化：

31．茫茫百千萬(wàn)劫。

劫：

32．時(shí)日曷喪，予及汝偕亡！曷：

33．常有兵燹，常有水旱。兵燹：

34．下所以事上，上所以共神也。

事：

35．請(qǐng)以遺之。

遺：

四、翻譯題（將下列各小題中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。本大題共5個(gè)小題，每小題2分，共10分）

36．他植者，雖窺伺效慕，莫能如也。（《種樹(shù)郭橐駝傳》）他植者，雖窺伺效慕：

37．以子之道，移之官理，可乎？（《種樹(shù)郭案駝傳》）

以子之道，移之官理：

38．梨園以技鳴者，無(wú)慮數(shù)十輩，而其最著者二。（《馬伶?zhèn)鳌罚?/p>

無(wú)慮數(shù)十輩：

39．以此長(zhǎng)不見(jiàn)悅于長(zhǎng)吏，仆則愈益不顧也。（《劉報(bào)一丈書(shū)》）

以此長(zhǎng)不見(jiàn)悅于長(zhǎng)吏：

鄭州華信學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

40．橫槊賦詩(shī)，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉?。ā肚俺啾谫x》）而今安在哉：

五、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共5個(gè)小題，每小題4分，共20分）

41．試說(shuō)明蘇軾《前赤壁賦》的時(shí)代背景。

42．試說(shuō)明培根在《論學(xué)問(wèn)》一文中是怎樣闡釋治學(xué)的目的的？ 43．說(shuō)明司馬遷通過(guò)李廣這一形象要表達(dá)的思想感情。

44．請(qǐng)解釋《張中丞傳后敘》中“后敘”的含義。

45．對(duì)于培根的“學(xué)問(wèn)鍛煉天性，而其本身又受經(jīng)驗(yàn)的鍛煉”這句話(huà)我們應(yīng)如何理解？

六、分析題（本大題共10個(gè)小題，46~50每小題4分，51~55每小題3分，共35分）

（一）閱讀《門(mén)檻》開(kāi)頭這幾段文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

我看見(jiàn)一座大樓。

正面一道窄門(mén)敞開(kāi)。門(mén)里一片陰森的黑暗。高高的門(mén)檻前站著一位姑娘……一位俄羅斯的姑娘。

望不透的黑暗中散發(fā)著寒氣，隨著寒氣從大廈里面?zhèn)鞒鲆粋€(gè)慢吞吞的不響亮的聲音：

“啊，你要跨進(jìn)這道門(mén)檻來(lái)，想做什么？你知道有什么在等待著你？” “我知道。”姑娘這樣回答。

46．說(shuō)明“一座大樓”、“門(mén)檻”、“一位姑娘”的象征意義？ 47．說(shuō)明《門(mén)檻》是一種什么樣的文學(xué)體裁？其是否有邊緣性？

（二）、閱讀《長(zhǎng)亭送別》中三宮調(diào)文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

[正宮][端正好]碧云天，黃花地，西風(fēng)緊，北雁南飛。曉來(lái)誰(shuí)染霜林醉？總是離人淚。[滾繡球]恨相見(jiàn)的遲，怨歸去的疾。柳絲長(zhǎng)玉驄難系，恨不得倩疏林掛住斜暉。馬兒迍迍的行，車(chē)幾快快的隨，卻告了相思回避，破題兒又早別離。聽(tīng)得道一聲去也，松了金釧，遙望見(jiàn)十里長(zhǎng)亭，減了玉肌。此恨誰(shuí)知！

48．鶯鶯是怎樣看待這次送張生進(jìn)京趕考的？表現(xiàn)了她什么樣的心情？

49．舉例說(shuō)明哪些地方是情景交融？

50．舉例說(shuō)明哪些地方運(yùn)用了夸張的藝術(shù)手法？

（三）閱讀《斷魂槍》中的一段文字，回答文后問(wèn)題。

誰(shuí)不曉得沙子龍是利落，短瘦，硬棒，兩眼明得像霜夜的大星？可是，現(xiàn)在他身上放了肉。鏢局改了客棧，他自己在后小院占著三間北房，大槍立在墻角，院子里有幾只樓鴿。只是在夜間，他把小院的門(mén)關(guān)好，熟習(xí)熟習(xí)他的“五虎斷魂槍”。

51．這段文字對(duì)沙子龍進(jìn)行了什么樣的藝術(shù)描寫(xiě)？

52．沙子龍為什么要在夜間關(guān)好了門(mén)，才熟習(xí)他的“五虎斷魂槍”？

（四）閱讀《山居秋暝》一詩(shī)，然后回答問(wèn)題。山居秋暝（王維）

空山新雨后，天氣晚來(lái)秋。

明月松間照，清泉石上流。竹喧歸浣女，蓮動(dòng)下漁舟。

隨意春芳歇，王孫自可留。

53．此詩(shī)可以劃分為幾層？每層文意是什么？

54．本詩(shī)屬不屬于山水詩(shī)？顯示了詩(shī)人怎樣的生活情趣？

55．本詩(shī)寫(xiě)作上的突出特點(diǎn)是什么？“詩(shī)中有畫(huà)”的特點(diǎn)是如何體現(xiàn)的？

七、作文（50分）

鄭州華信學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

56．《書(shū)》曰：“滿(mǎn)招損，謙得益?！闭?qǐng)以“有益的格言”為題寫(xiě)一篇文章。要求：A．必須寫(xiě)成議論文。

B．不少于800字。

C．字跡工整，卷面整潔。

參考答案

一、選擇題

1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B

8．C 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．C 13．C 14．A

15．D

二、填空題

16．仲尼 17．論語(yǔ) 18．惟有杜康 19．為何民不加多

20．相對(duì) 21．文選 22．紹興 23．沈從文

24．激流三部曲 25．翻譯

三、詞語(yǔ)解釋題

26．招徠 27．長(zhǎng)大成人 28．推原，探究

29．通“佞” 30．客觀世界，大自然 31．梵語(yǔ)“劫波”之簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng) 32．何時(shí)，古代疑問(wèn)詞 33．戰(zhàn)火 34．侍奉 35．贈(zèng)送

四、翻譯題

36．別的種樹(shù)匠人雖然暗中觀察他、仿效地。37．把你種樹(shù)之道，移到為官治民上。

38．大約數(shù)十家。39．因此長(zhǎng)久不被長(zhǎng)官所喜歡。40．而如今在哪里呢！

五、簡(jiǎn)答題

41．該賦作于宋神宗元豐五年（公元1082年），是蘇軾因作詩(shī)諷刺新政而獲罪，貶為黃州團(tuán)練副使時(shí)，游覽赤鼻磯后而作，借以抒發(fā)郁悶，至于豁達(dá)境界。

42．培根認(rèn)為讀書(shū)治學(xué)的目的，就在運(yùn)用。為此，就需要把知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為能力，要聯(lián)系實(shí)際，要重視實(shí)踐。43．司馬遷通過(guò)對(duì)李廣形象的描繪，表達(dá)了他對(duì)一代名將的贊賞與傾慕，對(duì)其坎坷悲慘的遭遇，表示了真摯的惋惜與同情；對(duì)漢朝皇帝的任人唯親，逼迫良將飲恨自殺，表示了極大的憤慨。

44．置于書(shū)后之文謂之“跋”，也稱(chēng)后記。“后敘”，類(lèi)似“后記”，是對(duì)前人為張?jiān)S作傳的訂正、補(bǔ)充。這種文體，議論與敘事并重，筆法靈活。

45．這句話(huà)講了學(xué)問(wèn)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的關(guān)系，意思是說(shuō)學(xué)問(wèn)和知識(shí)能夠改變?nèi)藗兊奶煨?，而其本身又建立在?jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，并接受經(jīng)驗(yàn)的考驗(yàn)。這種認(rèn)識(shí)包含著樸素的唯物主義思想。

六、分析題

46．“一座大樓”象征壯麗而崇高的革命事業(yè)?！伴T(mén)檻”像征革命征途上的各種艱難險(xiǎn)阻?！耙晃还媚铩毕笳饕煌鶡o(wú)前、勇于獻(xiàn)身的革命戰(zhàn)士。

47．《門(mén)檻》是散文詩(shī)。散文詩(shī)是誕生于散文和詩(shī)歌交界處的一種邊緣性文學(xué)體裁。分行排列，似散文；重在抒情，有意境，似詩(shī)歌。

48．鶯鶯自己是不愿意張生進(jìn)京趕考的，這完全是鶯鶯母親的主意。鶯鶯認(rèn)為：“但是一個(gè)并頭蓮，煞強(qiáng)如狀元及第?！彼€認(rèn)為母親的做法是：為了“蝸角虛名，蠅頭微利，折鴛鴦在兩下里?！柄L鶯對(duì)別離是又怨又恨的心情。

鄭州華信學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

49．“恨不得倩疏林拴住斜暉”，這就是情景交融。

50．“聽(tīng)得道一聲去也，松了金釧；遙望見(jiàn)十里長(zhǎng)亭，減了玉肌?！边@兩處都是明顯地運(yùn)用了夸張的藝術(shù)手法。

51．這段文字對(duì)沙子龍進(jìn)行了肖像描寫(xiě)、行動(dòng)描寫(xiě)，也揭示了沉迷舊夢(mèng)的心理狀態(tài)。

52．一方面是他留戀往年他的“五虎斷魂槍”的武藝和“神槍沙子龍”的威名；另一方面，他十分守舊，抱定了不傳的宗旨。夜間習(xí)武，就是怕被別人學(xué)了去。

53．這首詩(shī)可分三層。第一層是開(kāi)頭兩句，寫(xiě)時(shí)節(jié)，寫(xiě)環(huán)境，點(diǎn)染曠遠(yuǎn)空寂的意境。第二層，包括頷、頸二聯(lián)，展示山中美景，引讀者身臨其境，情景交融，動(dòng)靜結(jié)合。第三層，尾聯(lián)，抒發(fā)自己寄情山林、抬然自樂(lè)、與世無(wú)爭(zhēng)的人生感受。

54．屬于山水詩(shī)。顯示了詩(shī)人沉醉秋夜雨后清新美麗的山中景色的心態(tài)，以及他厭煩塵世喧囂、歸隱山林恰然的生活情趣。

55．本詩(shī)最突出的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)，是動(dòng)靜相襯，相得益彰。所謂“詩(shī)中有畫(huà)”，是說(shuō)詩(shī)中山谷、新雨、明月、松林、清泉、澗石、翠竹、浣女、蓮花、小舟構(gòu)成了一幅《山村秋野圖》。本詩(shī)寫(xiě)景具體、生動(dòng)，畫(huà)面感、空間感極強(qiáng)，想像中的造型性十分突出。

第五篇：2016成人高考專(zhuān)升本政治模擬試題及答案

一、選擇題：1～40小題，每小題2分。共80分。在每小題給出 的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中。選出一項(xiàng)最符合題目要求的。

1.無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的科學(xué)世界觀和方法論是

A.辯證唯物主義

B.歷史唯物主義

C.辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義

D.唯物主義

2.馬克思主義哲學(xué)最重要的理論品質(zhì)是

A.吐故納新

B.科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

C.博大精深

D.與時(shí)俱進(jìn)

3.馬克思主義認(rèn)為，世界的真正統(tǒng)一性在于它的 A.實(shí)踐性

B.運(yùn)動(dòng)性

C.物質(zhì)性

D.客觀性

4.”坐地日行八萬(wàn)里，巡天遙看一千河”，這一著名詩(shī)句包含的哲學(xué)原理是

A.物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的客觀性和時(shí)空的主觀性的統(tǒng)一

B.物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)限性和有限性的統(tǒng)一

C.時(shí)空的無(wú)限性和有限性的統(tǒng)一

D.運(yùn)動(dòng)的絕對(duì)性和靜止的相對(duì)性的統(tǒng)一

5.度是

A.關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)

B.事物數(shù)量的增減和場(chǎng)所的變更

C.質(zhì)與量的統(tǒng)一

D.事物的根本性質(zhì)

6.肯定與否定的關(guān)系是()

A.一般與特殊、共性與個(gè)性的關(guān)系

B.既相互對(duì)立、相互排斥，又相互依賴(lài)、相互滲透的關(guān)系

C.整體與部分、全局與局部的關(guān)系

D.支持與反對(duì)、正確與錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)系

7.割裂本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象的關(guān)系會(huì)導(dǎo)致()

A.唯心論

B.機(jī)械唯物論

C.二元論

D.不可知論

8.辯證唯物主義認(rèn)為，駁倒不可知論的關(guān)鍵是()

A.將唯物論引入認(rèn)識(shí)論

B.將辯證法引入認(rèn)識(shí)論

C.將實(shí)踐引入認(rèn)識(shí)論

D.將現(xiàn)代科學(xué)引入認(rèn)識(shí)論

9.生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐處理的是()

A.人與人的關(guān)系

B.人與社會(huì)的關(guān)系

C.人與自然的關(guān)系

D.人與物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系

10.“實(shí)踐作為檢驗(yàn)真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)既是確定的，又是不確定的”，這是()

A.辯證法的觀點(diǎn)

B.詭辯論的觀點(diǎn)

C.相對(duì)主義的觀點(diǎn)

D.不可知論的觀點(diǎn) 11.階級(jí)起源于()

A.一些人對(duì)另一些人的暴力鎮(zhèn)壓

B.勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)品分配不均

C.社會(huì)分工不同

D.剩余產(chǎn)品和私有制

12.劃分階級(jí)的根本標(biāo)志是()

A.人們對(duì)生產(chǎn)資料的不同關(guān)系以及由此造成的不同經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

B.人們的不同政治態(tài)度和階級(jí)立場(chǎng)

C.人們占有財(cái)產(chǎn)的多少

D.人們是否參加體力勞動(dòng)

13.上層建筑的兩部分內(nèi)容是

A.政治上層建筑與法律上層建筑

B.新的上層建筑與舊的上層建筑

C.政治上層建筑與意識(shí)上層建筑

D.思想上層建筑與文化上層建筑

14.新民主主義革命的開(kāi)端是

A.國(guó)共合作建立

B.五卅運(yùn)動(dòng)

C.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)

D.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立

15.正式把鄧小平理論作為國(guó)家指導(dǎo)思想寫(xiě)入憲法的會(huì)議是全國(guó)人大

A.八屆一次會(huì)議

B.八屆二次會(huì)議

C.九屆一次會(huì)議

D.九屆二次會(huì)議

16.貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的核心是

A.堅(jiān)持與時(shí)俱進(jìn)

B.堅(jiān)持黨的先進(jìn)性

C.堅(jiān)持執(zhí)政為民

D.堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀

17.新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì)綱領(lǐng)中，對(duì)民族資本主義的政策是

A.利用

B.保護(hù)

C.沒(méi)收

D.限制

18.在新民主主義社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成中，具有半社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成分是

A.國(guó)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

B.合作社經(jīng)濟(jì).C.資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

D.個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)

19.我國(guó)對(duì)民族資本主義工商業(yè)進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義改造的基本政策是

A.和平贖買(mǎi)

B.國(guó)家資本主義

C.團(tuán)結(jié)教育

D.公私合營(yíng)

20.中國(guó)解決所有問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是要靠

A.穩(wěn)定的國(guó)內(nèi)政治環(huán)境

B.自己的發(fā)展

C.四項(xiàng)基本原則

D.和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境

21.我國(guó)依法治國(guó)的主體是

A.人民群眾

B.政府部門(mén)

C.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨

D.公檢法機(jī)關(guān)

22·現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)全民所有制采取的形式是

A.全體勞動(dòng)者所有制形式

B.社會(huì)所有制形式

C.自由人的聯(lián)合體形式

D.國(guó)家所有制形式

23.計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)

A.是劃分社會(huì)主義制度和資本主義制度的標(biāo)志

B.是屬于基本制度的范疇

C.是相互對(duì)立的 D.都是經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)手段

24.轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能的關(guān)鍵是

A.精簡(jiǎn)政府機(jī)構(gòu)

B.實(shí)行政企分開(kāi)

C.健全市場(chǎng)體系和市場(chǎng)規(guī)則

D.發(fā)展中介組織

25.社會(huì)保障的核心內(nèi)容是

A.社會(huì)救助

B.社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)

C.社會(huì)福利

D.社會(huì)優(yōu)撫

26·我國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的根本組織原則是

A.民主集中制

B.普選制

C.委任制

D.分權(quán)制

27.我國(guó)的政黨制度是

A.一黨制

B.多黨制

C.多黨合作制

D·共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度

28.法制是依法治國(guó)的 A.表現(xiàn)和形式

B.前提和基礎(chǔ)

C.內(nèi)容和本質(zhì)

D.目的和手段

29.社會(huì)主義道德建設(shè)的原則是

A.愛(ài)國(guó)主義

B.集體主義

C.社會(huì)主義

D.四項(xiàng)基本原則

30.黨的十二屆三中全會(huì)把理想劃分為兩大層次，它們是()

A.集體理想和個(gè)人理想

B.社會(huì)主義理想和共產(chǎn)主義理想

C.共同理想和最高理想

D.最低理想和最高理想

31.現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)各族人民的共同理想是()

A.把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明、和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家

B.完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興

C.消滅剝削，消除兩極分化，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕

D.建立各盡所能、按需分配的共產(chǎn)主義

32.香港回歸祖國(guó)是1997年

A.6月1日

B.7月1日

C.8月1日

D.9月1日

33.澳門(mén)回歸祖國(guó)是1999年()

A.9月20日

B.10月20日

C.11月20日

D.12月20日

34.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，主要是，()

A.組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

B.政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

C.思想領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

D.作風(fēng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

35.我國(guó)貫徹執(zhí)行宗教信仰自由政策，處理一切宗教問(wèn)題的基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)和立足點(diǎn)是

A.保護(hù)宗教信仰自由，既保護(hù)信教自由，又保護(hù)不信教自由

B.要求宗教同政治、政權(quán)分開(kāi)

C.不允許宗教干預(yù)國(guó)家行政、司法、學(xué)校和公共教育，維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定

D.使信仰宗教和不信仰宗教的群眾、團(tuán)體共同建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家

(36---40題為去年7月1日至今年6月30日的時(shí)事題，此處略)

二、辨析題：41～42小題，每小題10分，共20分。首先判斷正 確或錯(cuò)誤。然后說(shuō)明理由。

41.馬克思主義以前的舊社會(huì)歷史觀的根本缺陷是否認(rèn)社會(huì)意識(shí)對(duì)社會(huì)存在的反作用。

42.計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于社會(huì)主義，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于資本主義。

三、簡(jiǎn)答題：43～45小題。每小題10分。共30分。

43.簡(jiǎn)述必然性和偶然性及其辯證關(guān)系。

44.簡(jiǎn)述“工農(nóng)武裝割據(jù)”思想。

45.簡(jiǎn)述社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的科學(xué)含義。

四、論述題：46小題。20分。

46.為什么說(shuō)對(duì)外開(kāi)放是我國(guó)一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的基本國(guó)策? 參考答案：

一、1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C

6.B 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A

11.D 12.A 13.C14.C 15.D

16.B 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B

21.A 22.D 23.D 24.B 25.B

26.A27.D 28.B 29.B 30.C

31.A 32.B 33.D 34.B 35.D

二、41.錯(cuò)誤。

(1)馬克思主義以前的舊社會(huì)歷史觀的根本缺陷，并不在于是否承認(rèn)社會(huì)意識(shí)對(duì)社會(huì)存在有反作用，而在于怎樣正確評(píng)價(jià)社會(huì)意識(shí)的反作用。

(2)社會(huì)歷史觀的基本問(wèn)題是社會(huì)存在與社會(huì)意識(shí)的關(guān)系問(wèn)題，凡是認(rèn)為社會(huì)意識(shí)決定社會(huì)存在的屬于唯心史觀;凡是認(rèn)為社會(huì)存在決定社會(huì)意識(shí)的屬于唯物史觀。唯物史觀和唯心史觀的根本區(qū)別和對(duì)立在于對(duì)社會(huì)存在和社會(huì)意識(shí)的關(guān)系的不同回答。

(3)馬克思主義以前的舊社會(huì)歷史觀從總體上說(shuō)都是唯心史觀，它們的錯(cuò)誤不在于是否承認(rèn)社會(huì)意識(shí)對(duì)社會(huì)存在有反作用，而在于片面夸大社會(huì)意識(shí)的反作用，以至于認(rèn)為社會(huì)意識(shí)決定社會(huì)存在。舊社會(huì)歷史觀從根本上說(shuō)有兩個(gè)缺陷：一是只看到人們活動(dòng)的思想動(dòng)機(jī)而沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步了解造成這些思想動(dòng)機(jī)的根源;二是只看到少數(shù)英雄人物的作用，而看不到廣大人民群眾在社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展中的決定作用。

42.正確。.計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)都是資源配置的手段和方法。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)都是經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，是商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行模式，是資源配置的方式，它們本身都不是基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，既不姓社，也不姓資。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于社會(huì)主義，資本主義也有計(jì)劃;市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于資本主義，社會(huì)主義也有市場(chǎng)。計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)為社會(huì)主義服務(wù)，它們就是社會(huì)主義的;為資本主義服務(wù)，它們就是資本主義的。

三、43.必然性和偶然性是揭示客觀事物的發(fā)生、發(fā)展的不同趨勢(shì)的一對(duì)范疇。必然性是指事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中合乎規(guī)律的、不可避免的趨勢(shì)，它是由事物內(nèi)在的根據(jù)和本質(zhì)的因素所產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。偶然性是指事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中非必定發(fā)生的、不確定的趨勢(shì)，它是由事物外在的非本質(zhì)的因素所產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。必然性和偶然性之間是對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系。

(1)必然性和偶然性是對(duì)立的，即它們?cè)谑挛锇l(fā)展中的地位和作用是不同的。必然性是事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中居支配地位，一定要發(fā)展下去的趨勢(shì)，它決定著事物的發(fā)展前途和方向。而偶然性則不是事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中居支配地位的趨勢(shì)，在事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中，出現(xiàn)一些偶然變化，一般不會(huì)改變由必然性所決定的基本方向。

(2)必然性和偶然性又是統(tǒng)一的。一方面，兩者相互依存，不可分割。必然性總是櫥于偶然性之中，它是通過(guò)大量的偶然性表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并為自己開(kāi)辟道路。而偶然性?xún)?nèi)部又總是隱藏著必然性，它是必然性的表現(xiàn)形式。另一方面，兩者在一定條件下相互轉(zhuǎn)化。偶然的東西阿以轉(zhuǎn)化為必然的東西，必然的東西失去了它存在的條件也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為偶然的東西。

44.基本內(nèi)容是：在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，以武裝斗爭(zhēng)為主要形式，以土地革命為揠本內(nèi)容，以革命根據(jù)地為戰(zhàn)略陣地，三者密切結(jié)合。三者構(gòu)成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，相輔相成，缺一不可，成為毛澤東關(guān)于農(nóng)村包圍城市中國(guó)革命道路理論的重要組成部分。

45.******指出，我們要建設(shè)的社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)，應(yīng)該是民主法治、公平正義、誠(chéng)信友愛(ài)、充滿(mǎn)活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會(huì)。這六個(gè)方面是相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的。既包括社會(huì)關(guān)系的和諧，也包括人與自然的和諧，體現(xiàn)了民主與法治的統(tǒng)一、公平與效率的統(tǒng)一、活力與秩序的統(tǒng)一、科學(xué)與人文的統(tǒng)一、人與自然的統(tǒng)一。這六個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容十分豐富，既是社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵和總體特征，也是我們構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的總體要求。

四、46.(1)現(xiàn)在的世界是開(kāi)放的世界。這是生產(chǎn)社會(huì)化發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，是商品經(jīng)濟(jì)、市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。

(2)中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界。這是對(duì)中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期停滯落后的歷史教訓(xùn)的深刻總結(jié)。歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們：閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)只能導(dǎo)致貧窮落后。

(3)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)迫切需要對(duì)外開(kāi)放。擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放可以引進(jìn)資金、引進(jìn)技術(shù)、引進(jìn)管理、引進(jìn)人才，以克服我國(guó)資金短缺、技術(shù)落后、管理知識(shí)不足等困難;可以大力開(kāi)拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，加速實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。

(4)對(duì)外開(kāi)放不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)。即使我國(guó)今后經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)水平提高了，仍然要實(shí)行對(duì)外開(kāi)放。要充分利用世界的資源、技術(shù)和市場(chǎng)，以促進(jìn)自己的發(fā)展。