第一篇：2012年全國職稱英語考試理工類押題試卷及答案

2012年全國職稱英語考試理工類押題試卷及答案

（二）第一部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.A effectively

B remarkably

C certainly

D unquestionably Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.A rigorously

B minimally

C federally

D guardedly The park is a good place for strollers.A carriages

B walkers

C sprinters

D campers At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.A amused

B amazed

C frightened

D offended The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.A enhances

B moderates

C stops

D hinders he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.A underwater

B fearless

C unconscious

D breathless Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.A duly

B finally

C later

D therefore The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.A die down

B succeed

C proceed

D be dislodged The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.A hall

B rival

C patron

D branch Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.A define

B confirm

C examine

D propose Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.A modify

B enhance

C accommodate

D avoid In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.A total

B square

C numerator

D list Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.A protected

B encircled

C flooded

D supplied The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.A migration

B population

C existence

D evolution The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.A structure

B history

C excitement

D plot 第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

Winners and Losers

Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集團)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(給以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu));many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡頭政治集團成員), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.Japan has a long trading tradition.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned All African countries followed the IMF formula.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned China did not take IMF advice.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1、3、4、6段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

English and English Community There is no denying that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England.Their languages became more and more similar to each other.Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England.The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy.Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.Learning second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culturel;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.Paragraph 2 ___________ Paragraph 3 ___________ Paragraph 4 ___________ Paragraph 5 ___________ A The Wide Use of English

B Historical Account of English and Its Community

C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language

D The Composition of the English Community

E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages

F The Definition of a Speech Community Only through the shared language ___________.The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.An understanding of English ___________.A that of a speech community

B can a speech community be formed

C in order to learn English better

D for the sake of simplicity

E has played an important role in the field of education

F is widely used in several areas of public activity

第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇 Hair Detectives

Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.31 What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________

A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D Tap water is used to cook food.32 James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________.A if our bodies break water down into its parts

B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country

C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________

A Ehleringer was successful in his research.B Ehleringer failed in his research.C Ehleringer can be a successful detective.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in China.34 What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________

A The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.35 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________

A Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.D Most detectives are hair specialists.第二篇 Why They Travel?

Scholars and students have always been great travellers.The official case for“academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways.The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement.Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined.These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time.It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident.Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia.From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an Opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies.These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.36 According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because __________.A standards are higher at foreign universities

B their governments encourage them to travel

C salaries and conditions are better abroad

D they are eager for new knowledge

The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A was a way of spreading ideas

B broke down political barriers

C led to economic progress

D made new ideas less schooling

The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A there are so many people working in similar fields

B there is a lot of social unrest at universities

C their follow experts are scattered round the world

D their laboratories are in remote places

The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A spend less time travelling

B cut down research costs

C develop their ideas more quickly

D keep up with current developments

Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings

B articles in learned journals

C the work of international agencies

D programs initiated by governments

第三篇

Geography and Movement

To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.41 The ancient people believed that ___________.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky

B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth

C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change

D the stars around the sky were not stationary

Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________

A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C The moon moves faster than the sun.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's time.43 It is stated in astrology that ___________.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion

B the sun was moving westward around the sky

C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week

D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun

All the other five planets ___________.A always appear near the path of the sun

B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does

C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does

D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does

According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________

A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around.第五部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

The Importance of Agriculture in China

The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China's fun-damental economic problems.The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China's modern history is 46, which has been growing steadily.Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.Agriculture also 47 because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force.The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950's.After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “griculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.48, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade.Many of China's exports are 49 or consumer goods based on them.Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports.It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore 50

A determines the progress of industry

B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population

C either agricultural raw materials

D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

F thus promoting both import and export 第六部分：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.51 A among

B of

C to

D in

A when

B that

C who

D whose

A mostly

B likely

C clearly

D surely

A are

B will be

C is

D was

A weight

B form

C risk

D work

A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather

A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather

A among

B between

C with

D for

A thick

B thin

C flat

D rocky

A use

B time

C snow

D rain

A journey

B trip

C fact

D process

A conditions

B reports

C forecast

D event

A increase

B reduce

C improve

D remove

A price

B effort

C attention

D money

A missing

B grown

C big

D fresh 第一部分： B 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 A D10 D 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 D

第二部分： A這道題的依據(jù)是第一段中的一句話：East Asia has a long trading tradition.日本是東亞國家，因而具有悠久的貿(mào)易歷史。A本題的依據(jù)可以在第二段的開頭找到，文章說有些國家常常是在有壓力的情況下采取了國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)誤導(dǎo)的政策，俄羅斯就是這些國家中的一個。B在文章的最后一段提到了一些因為沒有按照IMF的模式去發(fā)展而獲得成功的例子，其中提到兩個非洲國家Botswans和Uganda，因而說所有非洲國家都采納IMF模式的說法是不對的。B第一段里有一句話：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.70多年不搞市場經(jīng)濟的國家自然不會是資本主義國家。C文中沒有提到澳大利亞。A本題的依據(jù)是文章最后一段的第一句話：?，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula.即中國沒有按照IMF的建議去做。

C在第二段的末尾講到前蘇聯(lián)搞私有化的事，但沒有說有高官在私有化過程中受益。

第三部分： F此段解釋何為語言群體，最后一句話是關(guān)鍵，可以看作是語言群體的定義。

D此段是講英語語言群體包括的兩類人，所以用composition“構(gòu)成”一詞。

A此段講述英語在全世界許多領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用，如航空、商務(wù)、外交、教育等。C此段主要談的是學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的益處，最后一句話更具體到學(xué)習(xí)英語的益處。

B答案來自第一段最后一句，說明人們是通過他們所擁有的共同語言組成一個語言群體。以only開頭的句子謂語部分要求使用倒裝句。A第二段第四句話表明國界與語言群體的界限并不總是一致的。that用來替代the+有關(guān)前述名詞，以避免重復(fù)。D第三段第二句表明為了方便起見我們將說話者分為兩類。for the sake of指“出于??的考慮”。E第四段最后一句話表明教育越來越依賴對英語的理解。也就是說對英語的理解能力在教育中起著重要的作用。第四部分：

B第三段和第六段談到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的內(nèi)容。B是錯誤的，因為文章第六段說，我們飲用的牛奶和飲料都含有大量水分，而沒有說tap water是軟飲料。

C第四段的問句針對第三段的內(nèi)容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正確答案。

A第六段和第七段提供了答案?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)頭發(fā)能反映出當(dāng)?shù)刈詠硭袣洹⒀跬凰氐暮?科學(xué)家也已經(jīng)研究出不同地區(qū)水成分是不同的，并且在此基礎(chǔ)上來確定來自不同地區(qū)的人的頭發(fā)成分。

C選項A、B、D與原文均有出入。盡管在一個較大的范圍內(nèi)，人們使用成分較為相同的水，但是水的成分組成提供的信息可以幫助官方縮小破案線索范圍。

A題目的意思是：人的頭發(fā)可以幫助偵探破案。

D根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話可以判斷學(xué)生們出國是因為尋找更能讓人受到鼓舞的老師，更有名的學(xué)府，更純粹的哲學(xué)等。由此可見選項D最符合題意。

A根據(jù)文中第三段的最后一句話“?and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出為了更快地傳播知識是他們旅游的主要目的。所以A應(yīng)為正確答案。

A本題所涉及的相關(guān)信息在文章第五段。根據(jù)題意可以得知學(xué)科的繁殖導(dǎo)致了大量科學(xué)家的誕生，他們?nèi)绻幌嗷ソ涣骶筒坏貌还铝⒌毓ぷ?。由此可判斷A為最佳選擇。

C根據(jù)文中最后一句話“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，?”可以推斷C為最佳答案。

A文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話說“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，這里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可見A應(yīng)為正確答案。

C根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話，我們可以看出古人認為是地球的轉(zhuǎn)動帶動了群星的轉(zhuǎn)動，而群星事實上在天空中保持不變的模式，是恒定的。所以，正確答案應(yīng)為C。

D根據(jù)第三段的第二句和第三句話，文中說月亮的位置變化相對而言比較快，盡管看起來每天起起落落，事實上它的運動間歇為一個小時。由此可以肯定D為正確答案。

D根據(jù)第二段第一句話，太陽沿黃道的運動反映了地球的旋轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)律，由此可見太陽的旋轉(zhuǎn)與地球的旋轉(zhuǎn)是相似的。所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

A文章最后一句話提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，?”，說明行星運行的更為復(fù)雜。所以A應(yīng)為正確答案。

B根據(jù)文章的最后一句話，“?their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出結(jié)論那五顆行星的運動也反映了地球的運動。在四個選項中，只有B符合題意，所以正確答案為B。

第五部分：

B系動詞is后面缺表語，而這個表語需能說明主語history。

A agriculture是句子的主語，需要填入謂語動詞。

E這里后面的句子在語法上已經(jīng)完整，所以缺的很可能是一個狀語短語。

C后面的or提示了這里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的兩個成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可確認。

D therefore后面跟一in9短語表示結(jié)果，這里的therefore相當(dāng)于thus。第六部分：

文章大意：雪崩是雪摻雜著空氣和沿著山體突然迅猛地滑動造成的。雪崩是造成山區(qū)人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全的最大危險之一。認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。不要在那些可能引發(fā)雪崩的人或事物下面行走。

A表達“雪崩是山上可能發(fā)生的最大危險之一”的意思，因此應(yīng)該選擇among(在??之中)。

B從該句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，此處需要一個關(guān)系代詞，代替slope，所以that是最佳選擇。選項A、C、D均不符合語法。

B選項A不符合語法，c和D符合語法，但不符合常識：過度的雪積壓可能導(dǎo)致雪崩，而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

C該句的主語是Determining the critical load，從上下文來看應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以C是正確答案。

C要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合邏輯，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解釋了low risk of avalanche的道理，更證實了選risk是正確的。

D第56和第57可以一起考慮。整個句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不會大量堆積。在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會輕易滑動。

B(見56)。

B理解該句的意思就不難判斷選項：雪在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下，角度在350—450之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。between：在??之間。

C這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。

A句子中的that is表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇，整個句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能發(fā)生。

D盡管選項A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內(nèi)容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因為該段描寫的是如何防備雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列問題。

A選項A、B、C都可以與weather搭配，但是根據(jù)上下文，只有A最為符合文章的內(nèi)容。

B選項A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D悖逆符合句子的意思，因為不可能完全消除雪崩的隱患。

C該句主句使用的是被動語態(tài)，第二個動詞是pay attention t0的被動形式。選項A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

A該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，即認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。選項B、C、D均不符合句義。

第二篇：2012年職稱英語考試《理工類》押題試卷-中大網(wǎng)校

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2012年職稱英語考試《理工類》押題試卷(3)總分：100分

及格：60分

考試時間：120分

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

(1)The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.(2)Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.(3)The park is a good place for strollers.(4)At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.(5)The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.(6)he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.中大網(wǎng)校

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(7)Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.(8)The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.(9)The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.(10)Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.(11)Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.(12)In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.中大網(wǎng)校

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(13)Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.(14)The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(15)The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。

(1)根據(jù)下列材料請回答{TSE}題：Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集團)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(給以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡頭政治集團成員), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, 中大網(wǎng)校

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notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.{TS}Japan has a long trading tradition.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(2)Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(6)China did not take IMF advice.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(7)Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned 中大網(wǎng)校

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第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

(1)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。

(2)Paragraph 3 ___________

(3)Paragraph 4 ___________

(4)Paragraph 5 ___________ 中大網(wǎng)校

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(5)Only through the shared language ___________.(6)The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.(7)Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.中大網(wǎng)校

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(8)An understanding of English ___________.第4部分：閱讀理解：第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

(1)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their 中大網(wǎng)校

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results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.{TS}What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________ A.A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different region B.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United State C.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxyge D.D Tap water is used to cook foo

(2)James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________． A.A if our bodies break water down into its parts B.B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country C.C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

(3)Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________ A.A Ehleringer was successful in his researc B.B Ehleringer failed in his researc C.C Ehleringer can be a successful detectiv D.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in Chin

(4)What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________ A.A The new technique can tell precisely where a person live B.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same sourc C.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the polic D.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crime

(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________ A.A Human hair may help detectives to solve crime B.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crime C.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closel D.D Most detectives are hair specialist

(6)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。

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(7)The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A.A was a way of spreading ideas B.B broke down political barriers C.C led to economic progress D.D made new ideas less schooling

(8)The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A.A there are so many people working in similar fields B.B there is a lot of social unrest at universities C.C their follow experts are scattered round the world D.D their laboratories are in remote places

(9)The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A.A spend less time travelling B.B cut down research costs C.C develop their ideas more quickly D.D keep up with current developments

(10)Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings B.B articles in learned journals C.C the work of international agencies D.D programs initiated by governments

(11)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。Geography and MovementTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an 中大網(wǎng)校

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independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.{TS}The ancient people believed that ___________.A.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky B.B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth C.C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change D.D the stars around the sky were not stationary

(12)Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________ A.A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plan B.B The moon revolved along the eclipti C.C The moon moves faster than the su D.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's tim

(13)It is stated in astrology that ___________.A.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion B.B the sun was moving westward around the sky C.C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week D.D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun

(14)All the other five planets ___________.A.A always appear near the path of the sun B.B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does C.C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does D.D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does

(15)According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________ A.A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sk B.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planet C.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the star D.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year aroun

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第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

(1)根據(jù)下列短文，補全{TSE}題。

(2)回答第47空。

(3)回答第48空。

(4)回答第49空。

(5)回答第50空。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

(1)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes；also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees； the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60；that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations；snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.文章大意：雪崩是雪摻雜著空氣和沿著山體突然迅猛地滑動造成的。雪崩是造成山區(qū)人民生命和財中大網(wǎng)校

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產(chǎn)安全的最大危險之一。認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。不要在那些可能引發(fā)雪崩的人或事物下面行走。{TS}回答第51空。A.A among B.B of C.C to D.D in

(2)回答第52空。A.A when B.B that C.C who D.D whose

(3)回答第53空。A.A mostly B.B likely C.C clearly D.D surely

(4)回答第54空。A.A are B.B will be C.C is D.D was

(5)回答第55空。A.A weight B.B form C.C risk D.D work

(6)回答第56空。A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(7)回答第57空。

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A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(8)回答第58空。A.A among B.B between C.C with D.D for

(9)回答第59空。A.A thick B.B thin C.C flat D.D rocky

(10)回答第60空。A.A use B.B time C.C snow D.D rain

(11)回答第61空。A.A journey B.B trip C.C fact D.D process

(12)回答第62空。A.A conditions B.B reports C.C forecast D.D event

(13)回答第63空。A.A increase B.B reduce 中大網(wǎng)校

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C.C improve D.D remove

(14)回答第64空。A.A price B.B effort C.C attention D.D money

(15)回答第65空。A.A missing B.B grown C.C big D.D fresh

答案和解析

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。(1):B

(2):A

(3):B

(4):B

(5):D 中大網(wǎng)校

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(6):A

(7):C

(8):A

(9):D

(10):D

(11):C

(12):A

(13):B

(14):C

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(15):D

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。(1):A 這道題的依據(jù)是第一段中的一句話：East Asia has a long trading tradition．日本是東亞國家，因而具有悠久的貿(mào)易歷史。(2):A 本題的依據(jù)可以在第二段的開頭找到，文章說有些國家常常是在有壓力的情況下采取了國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)誤導(dǎo)的政策，俄羅斯就是這些國家中的一個。(3):B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因為沒有按照IMF的模式去發(fā)展而獲得成功的例子，其中提到兩個非洲國家Botswans和Uganda，因而說所有非洲國家都采納IMF模式的說法是不對的。(4):B 第一段里有一句話：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years．70多年不搞市場經(jīng)濟的國家自然不會是資本主義國家。(5):C 文中沒有提到澳大利亞。(6):A 本題的依據(jù)是文章最后一段的第一句話：?，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula．即中國沒有按照IMF的建議去做。(7):C 在第二段的末尾講到前蘇聯(lián)搞私有化的事，但沒有說有高官在私有化過程中受益。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)(1):F 此段解釋何為語言群體，最后一句話是關(guān)鍵，可以看作是語言群體的定義。(2):D 此段是講英語語言群體包括的兩類人，所以用composition“構(gòu)成”一詞。(3):A 此段講述英語在全世界許多領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用，如航空、商務(wù)、外交、教育等。(4):C 此段主要談的是學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的益處，最后一句話更具體到學(xué)習(xí)英語的益處。(5):B 答案來自第一段最后一句，說明人們是通過他們所擁有的共同語言組成一個語言群體。以only開頭的句子謂語部分要求使用倒裝句。(6):A 第二段第四句話表明國界與語言群體的界限并不總是一致的。that用來替代the＋有關(guān)前述名詞，以避免重復(fù)。(7):D 第三段第二句表明為了方便起見我們將說話者分為兩類。for the sake of指“出于??的考慮”。(8):E 中大網(wǎng)校

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第四段最后一句話表明教育越來越依賴對英語的理解。也就是說對英語的理解能力在教育中起著重要的作用。

第4部分：閱讀理解：第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。(1):B 第三段和第六段談到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的內(nèi)容。B是錯誤的，因為文章第六段說，我們飲用的牛奶和飲料都含有大量水分，而沒有說tap water是軟飲料。(2):C 第四段的問句針對第三段的內(nèi)容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正確答案。(3):A 第六段和第七段提供了答案?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)頭發(fā)能反映出當(dāng)?shù)刈詠硭袣?、氧同位素的含量；科學(xué)家也已經(jīng)研究出不同地區(qū)水成分是不同的，并且在此基礎(chǔ)上來確定來自不同地區(qū)的人的頭發(fā)成分。(4):C 選項A、B、D與原文均有出入。盡管在一個較大的范圍內(nèi)，人們使用成分較為相同的水，但是水的成分組成提供的信息可以幫助官方縮小破案線索范圍。(5):A 題目的意思是：人的頭發(fā)可以幫助偵探破案。(6):D 根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話可以判斷學(xué)生們出國是因為尋找更能讓人受到鼓舞的老師，更有名的學(xué)府，更純粹的哲學(xué)等。由此可見選項D最符合題意。(7):A 根據(jù)文中第三段的最后一句話“?and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出為了更快地傳播知識是他們旅游的主要目的。所以A應(yīng)為正確答案。(8):A 本題所涉及的相關(guān)信息在文章第五段。根據(jù)題意可以得知學(xué)科的繁殖導(dǎo)致了大量科學(xué)家的誕生，他們?nèi)绻幌嗷ソ涣骶筒坏貌还铝⒌毓ぷ?。由此可判斷A為最佳選擇。(9):C 根據(jù)文中最后一句話“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，?”可以推斷C為最佳答案。(10):A 文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話說“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，這里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可見A應(yīng)為正確答案。(11):C 根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話，我們可以看出古人認為是地球的轉(zhuǎn)動帶動了群星的轉(zhuǎn)動，而群星事實上在天空中保持不變的模式，是恒定的。所以，正確答案應(yīng)為C。(12):D 根據(jù)第三段的第二句和第三句話，文中說月亮的位置變化相對而言比較快，盡管看起來每天起起落落，事實上它的運動間歇為一個小時。由此可以肯定D為正確答案。(13):D 中大網(wǎng)校

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根據(jù)第二段第一句話，太陽沿黃道的運動反映了地球的旋轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)律，由此可見太陽的旋轉(zhuǎn)與地球的旋轉(zhuǎn)是相似的。所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。(14):A 文章最后一句話提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，?”，說明行星運行的更為復(fù)雜。所以A應(yīng)為正確答案。(15):B 根據(jù)文章的最后一句話，“?their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出結(jié)論那五顆行星的運動也反映了地球的運動。在四個選項中，只有B符合題意，所以正確答案為B。第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)(1):B B系動詞is后面缺表語，而這個表語需能說明主語history。(2):A A agriculture是句子的主語，需要填入謂語動詞。(3):E 這里后面的句子在語法上已經(jīng)完整，所以缺的很可能是一個狀語短語。(4):C 后面的or提示了這里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的兩個成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可確認。(5):D therefore后面跟-ing短語表示結(jié)果，這里的therefore相當(dāng)于thus。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。(1):A 表達“雪崩是山上可能發(fā)生的最大危險之一”的意思，因此應(yīng)該選擇among(在??之中)。(2):B 從該句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，此處需要一個關(guān)系代詞，代替slope，所以that是最佳選擇。選項A、C、D均不符合語法。(3):B 選項A不符合語法，c和D符合語法，但不符合常識：過度的雪積壓可能導(dǎo)致雪崩，而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。(4):C 該句的主語是Determining the critical load，從上下文來看應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以C是正確答案。(5):C 要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合邏輯，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解釋了low risk of avalanche的道理，更證實了選risk是正確的。(6):D 第56和第57可以一起考慮。整個句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不會大量堆積。在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會輕易滑動。(7):B(見56)。(8):B 中大網(wǎng)校

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理解該句的意思就不難判斷選項：雪在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下，角度在350—450之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。between：在??之間。(9):C 這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。(10):A 句子中的that is表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇，整個句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能發(fā)生。(11):D 盡管選項A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內(nèi)容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因為該段描寫的是如何防備雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列問題。(12):A 選項A、B、C都可以與weather搭配，但是根據(jù)上下文，只有A最為符合文章的內(nèi)容。(13):B 選項A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D悖逆符合句子的意思，因為不可能完全消除雪崩的隱患。(14):C 該句主句使用的是被動語態(tài)，第二個動詞是pay attention t0的被動形式。選項A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。(15):A 該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，即認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。選項B、C、D均不符合句義。

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第三篇：2012年職稱英語考試《理工類》押題試卷-中大網(wǎng)校

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2012年職稱英語考試《理工類》押題試卷(2)總分：100分

及格：60分

考試時間：120分

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

(1)The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss.A.A lessens B.B delays C.C redistributes D.D reverses

(2)In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles' epidermal plates reflect seasonal variations in growth.A.A indicate B.B stimulate C.C include D.D prevent

(3)During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a leader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.A.A unification B.B creation C.C revival D.D betterment

(4)The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.A.A areas B.B rocks C.C mountains D.D seas

(5)Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles.A.A recklessly B.B hesitantly C.C greatly D.D routinely 中大網(wǎng)校

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(6)Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.A.A operation B.B recovery C.C casting D.D relaxation

(7)It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.A.A reca11 B.B appreciate C.C repeat D.D discuss

(8)A fossil is remnant of a once-living organism.A.A bone B.B solvent C.C picture D.D vestige

(9)An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.A.A obtaining B.B mastering C.C providing D.D financing

(10)Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early l900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.A.A challenged the rights of B.B criticized the views of C.C interviewed the leaders of D.D changed the character of

(11)Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.A.A lived B.B died 中大網(wǎng)校

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C.C hunted D.D fed

(12)Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents.A.A jobs B.B dwellings C.C blocks D.D inhabitants

(13)By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.A.A test B.B limit C.C standardize D.D prohibit

(14)High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.A.A inefficient B.B recognized C.C limiting D.D dangerous

(15)The host important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States to claim the Oregon region.A.A regret B.B problem C.C outcome D.D controversy

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。

(1)根據(jù)下列材料請回答 {TSE}題：SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality(死亡率).Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in(睡懶覺)can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for health and well-being, the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept 中大網(wǎng)校

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for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm.“Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint, there is no reason to sleep longer，”said Daniel Kripke, a professor of psychiatry(精神病學(xué))at the University of California, San Diego.Dr.Kripke said, “We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health.”The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept for eight or more hours.However, an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr.Kripke said, “Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short and long duration(持續(xù)時間)sleep had higher mortality rates.However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, until now.”{TS}More than 1.1 million Americans participated in the six-year study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(2)All the participants were from the state of California.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(3)The study shows that the longer you sleep each night, the longer you'll live.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(4)The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(5)Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

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(6)Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(7)The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

(1)根據(jù)下列材料請回答 {TSE}題：

(2)Paragraph 3 ___________

(3)Paragraph 4 ___________ 中大網(wǎng)校

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(4)Paragraph 6 ___________

(5)Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.(6)It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on ___________________.中大網(wǎng)校

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(7)Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on ___________________.(8)Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean up due to ___________________.第4部分：閱讀理解：第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

(1)根據(jù)下列文章,請回答 {TSE}題。Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going 中大網(wǎng)校

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faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky.One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in--car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep.The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research.Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft.These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.{TS}What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________ A.A They are developing faster electric vehicle B.B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every yea C.C They focus their research on safety and new fuel D.D They are designing fully automatic car

(2)According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________ A.A because drivers fall asleep B.B because drivers make mistakes C.C because of engine failure D.D because of speeding

(3)Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________ A.A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fo B.B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicle C.C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyre D.D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their visio

(4)What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________ A.A To prevent car thieves from getting into your ca B.B To call for help when one's car crashe C.C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffi 中大網(wǎng)校

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D.D To track the car down when it is being stole

(5)What is true of robotic drivers? _________ A.A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical us B.B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy road C.C Robotic drivers can never replace human driver D.D Robotic drives are too expensive to us

(6)根據(jù)下列文章,請回答 {TSE}題。How to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.But forgiveness is possible－and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph.D., author of Forgive for Good(Harper Collins, 2002).“So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself.To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique.“Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says.Don't wait for an apology.“Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” luskin says.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender.Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.“Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says.Try to see things from the other person's perspective.If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even love.To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself.“ For people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says.“ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”{TS}According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________ A.A Forgiveness is eas B.B Forgiveness is possibl C.C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental healt D.D Forgiveness is grea

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D.D jealousy

(8)“Take a couple of breaths and think of...someone you love” is a good way to _________.A.A take the control away from your offender B.B see things from the other person's perspective C.C recognize the benefits of forgiveness D.D calm yourself

(9)According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology.There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.A.A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizing B.B forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt you C.C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you D.D people just don't see things the same way

(10)What is the biggest challenge? _________ A.A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by other B.B To stop replaying your hur C.C To remember to forgive yoursel D.D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of vie

(11)根據(jù)下列材料請回答{TSE}題：

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(12)Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________

(13)Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________

(14)Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________

(15)Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________．

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第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

(1)根據(jù)下列文章,請回答{TSE}題。

(2)請選擇（47）處最佳答案。

(3)請選擇（48）處最佳答案。

(4)請選擇（49）處最佳答案。

(5)請選擇（50）處最佳答案。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

(1)根據(jù)下列短文，回答{TSE}題。Captain Cook Arrow legendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exploere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is 53 Cook in the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which 55 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani'opu'u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain's great explorers and is credited with 56 the “Great South land,” 57 Australia, in 1770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a london surgeon and relative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fatal 59 with islanders.In the l890s the arro was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 6l made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779.“On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from 中大網(wǎng)校

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Britain.“But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”。{TS}回答第51空。A.A finally B.B firstly C.C lately D.D usually

(2)回答第52空。A.A whose B.B who C.C which D.D what

(3)回答第53空。A.A some B.B none C.C neither D.D no

(4)回答第54空。A.A cinema B.B exhibition C.C shop D.D market

(5)回答第55空。A.A must B.B did C.C has to D.D does

(6)回答第56空。A.A discovering B.B visiting C.C travelling D.D using

(7)回答第57空。

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A.A then B.B now C.C past D.D previously

(8)回答第58空。A.A how B.B where C.C when D.D that

(9)回答第59空。A.A conversation B.B fight C.C meal D.D dance

(10)回答第60空。A.A however B.B until C.C after D.D whenever

(11)回答第61空。A.A helpfully B.B usefully C.C likely D.D readily

(12)回答第62空。A.A refuse B.B return C.C regain D.D reply

(13)回答第63空。A.A collected B.B washed 中大網(wǎng)校

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C.C stored D.D buried

(14)回答第64空。A.A statement B.B suggestion C.C proposal D.D guess

(15)回答第65空。A.A safe B.B weak C.C sure D.D lucky

答案和解析

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。(1):A

(2):A

(3):D

(4):A

(5):D

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(6):B

(7):A

(8):D

(9):C

(10):D

(11):A

(12):D

(13):B

(14):C

(15):C

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。(1):A A從文章的第三段可以得知，有110多萬美國人參與了這項歷時六年的研究。(2):C C文章第四段只是提及該項研究的負責(zé)人之一是一位來自加州大學(xué)的精神病學(xué)教授，但并沒有說研究對象都來自哪里。(3):B B從文章的第一句便可得知，一個人并非每晚睡眠時間越長就越長壽。(4):A A從文章的第四段可以得知，一個人平均每晚睡眠六個半小時就足夠了。(5):C 中大網(wǎng)校

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C文章第六段只是提及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠七小時的男女壽命最長，但并沒有說多數(shù)參與研究者在研究進行期間是否每晚睡七小時。(6):B B從文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小時者要比每晚睡眠八小時或更多小時者長壽，但每晚睡眠不足五小時者死亡率將隨之升高。(7):A A從文章的最后一句可以得知，該項研究首次區(qū)分出每晚睡眠七小時與八小時之間的差別。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)(1):D 第一段點出主題，即某些金屬進入人類食譜可能與地質(zhì)有關(guān)。(2):A 第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情況下對人體不會造成危害。此段首句就提示了這一點：So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal—rich soils experience a potential health hazard．(3):B 第四段說，受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金屬被認為有可能與癌癥有關(guān)，并引起中毒。(4):C 答案的依據(jù)是本段的第二句：Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body。(5):E 第一段最后一句：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases，是選擇E的依據(jù)。(6):C 本題答案的依據(jù)是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long—term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils．(7):B 全文都在論述重金屬的攝入可能會對人體健康產(chǎn)生有害影響，最后一段說到地質(zhì)學(xué)家在解決調(diào)查這個問題能起的作用。這個句子是：Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution．(8):F 第四段涉及這一問題。受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，所以，要對重金屬進行徹底的清除。

第4部分：閱讀理解：第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。(1):C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范圍內(nèi)，每年發(fā)生120萬起交通死亡事故，加上5，000萬傷殘事故，因此，正在進行的許多研究的重點是安全問題和新燃料問題，盡管一些電動車和生物燃料的研究旨在達到更快的速度。所以，c是正確選項。(2):B 第二段最后一句說，大多數(shù)汽車撞車事故是人為原因造成的，而不是機械故障的原因。所以C是錯誤選項；A和D中的fa11 asleep和speeding是人為原因，但只是部分人為因素，不中大網(wǎng)校

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能概全。(3):D 文章中沒有提到windscreens(汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃)，所以D是正確選項。其他幾項均在文中提到。(4):C 根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容，使用衛(wèi)星跟蹤和遙控通訊方面的革新，其目的是防盜(A和D)和發(fā)生事故時求援(B)。C的內(nèi)容在文中沒有被提到，所以是正確選項。(5):A 文章最后一段說，為機器人司機編制程序后，它們就能使交通變得通暢，也許今后某一天，大家都擁有機器人司機，但是，這一天的到來還有待時日。B、C、D的內(nèi)容在文中均沒有提到；A句說，要實際使用機器人司機還需時日，這顯然與末段最后一句表達的意思相吻合。(6):A 根據(jù)文章的第一段，寬恕是偉大的，是可能的，是對身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正確答案。(7):C 這里要求猜測單詞“grudge”的意義，根據(jù)上下文，作者強調(diào)寬恕是不容易做到的，要忘記怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此選項 C是正確答案。(8):D D其依據(jù)在第二段“Calm yourself．To defuse your anger，try a simple stress—management technique．‘Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，someone you love．’luskin says．”由此可見做幾次深呼吸，想一想某個你所愛的人能使你平靜下來。(9):B B其依據(jù)在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily nlean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action．”即寬恕并不一定意味著要和傷害你的人妥協(xié)，或?qū)捤∷?她)的行為。(10):C C本題詢問的是最大的挑戰(zhàn)是什么。根據(jù)第二段中“For people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge，”可見C為正確答案。(11):D 文中第二段第一句話講到“?since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups．”，由此可以判斷“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一個少數(shù)民族。所以D為正確答案。(12):D 本題的相關(guān)信息為文章的第二段?！?since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”說明夏威夷本土的少數(shù)民族的生活比島上其他種族艱苦，所以D是正確答案。(13):B 本題所涉及的相關(guān)信息在文章第三段，與文章原文相比較可知，A、C、D三項均符合原意，只有B項文中未提及。所以B為正確答案。(14):C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”這一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“l(fā)ess radical”，所以正確答案應(yīng)中大網(wǎng)校

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當(dāng)為C。(15):A A綜合全文可知，有的要求“島內(nèi)自治”，有的要求“脫離美國而獨立”，還有的要求“擁有領(lǐng)地”，因此B、C、D三項均符合原意，只有A項不是他們的要求。第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)(1):C C是承上啟下的句子。上一句說的是，氣球?qū)terns帶到同溫層。下一句說的是，沒有人嘗試過不坐飛機或不坐宇宙飛船從同溫層往下跳。有了C這個句子，意思就連貫了。(2):E 此處應(yīng)該是個引導(dǎo)句，應(yīng)該包含采取行動這類概括詞，因為隨后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。選項E是符合這個要求的。(3):D D表達的是跳出氣球后下滑的速度，與前一句的意思是連貫的。(4):A 后面的句子列舉了許多hazards。據(jù)此推論，此處的句子應(yīng)該是引導(dǎo)句或概括句。選項A中有several major hazards這幾個概括詞，與后面列舉的各種hazards相呼應(yīng)。(5):F 選項F中，用了in short(簡而言之)，是總結(jié)前面陳述的內(nèi)容：blood boils說明此處前面句子的內(nèi)容與blood有關(guān)。事實上，此處前面的句子說的是，在低大氣壓的情況下，溶在人體液體中的氣體會逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一樣。選項F形象地總結(jié)了上述句子的內(nèi)容。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。(1):A 第一段說DNA鑒定的結(jié)論終止了流傳了二百年的有關(guān)箭是用Cook船長骨頭制成的傳說。根據(jù)這一層意思，選finally是合適的。其他三個選項的詞義都對不上號。(2):B Cook之后的從句是定語從句，替代Cook的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞用作主語，所以只能選who。(3):D 本段和其他有關(guān)段落都說到，澳大利亞博物館沒有用Cook船長骨頭制成的箭，所以本題只能選no，不能選some。none之后不能直接跟名詞。neither一般與nor成對連用。(4):C 博物館中不會把珍藏的arrow陳列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。(5):D does用在動詞前表示強調(diào)，does include的意思是“確實包括”。用did不妥，因為主句的謂語用的是一般將來時will not stop。has to或must也不妥，因為上下文的意思并沒有要求用“必須”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。(6):A be credited with的意思是“把??歸功于”，再聯(lián)系到前面兩次提到Cook是偉大的explorer，選項A的discovering是最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。visiting，travelling和using與be credited with所表達的意思都搭不上。(7):B 從上下文判斷，Cook發(fā)現(xiàn)的是當(dāng)時稱為Great South land，現(xiàn)在稱為Australia的那塊大陸。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑偉奇群島，現(xiàn)稱夏威夷群島，也用now。then(當(dāng)時)、past(過中大網(wǎng)校

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去的)或previously(以前)意思與上下文表達的意思連接不上。(8):C 1824之后的定語從句是修飾表達時間概念1824的，所以連接詞要用關(guān)系副詞when。(9):B 第三段提到Cook是被亂棍打死的(He was clubbed to death?)，所以選擇fight是很自然的。(10):B 第五段主要的意思是“有關(guān)??的傳說繼續(xù)到??為止”，所以合適的選擇是until。(11):C 本段表明，DNA鑒定的結(jié)論是：這支箭不是用Cook的骨頭制成的。接下去的意思是，這支箭很可能是用動物的骨頭制成的。而more likely是“很可能”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與本句表達的意思不匹配。(12):A 從上下文判斷，只有選refuse才符合原意。從語法上判斷，refuse后面可接動詞不定式。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。(13):D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。(14):A 本題從語義上只能選statement(聲明)。其他三個選項，即suggestion(建議)、proposal(提議)與guess(猜測)表達的意思與語境不符。(15):C 本題要選sure，表示Cliff Thornton對sure后面的that從句表達的將要發(fā)生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。

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第四篇：2012年職稱英語考試理工類A押題(考前內(nèi)部資料)

2012職稱英語理工A押題模擬試題

教材原題（1篇閱讀理解和完形填空）

2012年職稱英語教材的完形填空和閱讀理解與2011年比有沒有新增的課文(理工)閱讀理解（6篇）

第六篇

Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇

Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇

“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空（6篇）

第三篇

Germs on Banknotes

第十篇

Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇

Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇

“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注：

+表示A級文章；*表示B即文章；其他為C級文章；

職稱英語押題 押題模擬試題 2012 職稱英語押題模擬試題第一部分：詞匯選項(第 1～15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分)下面共有 15 個句子，每個句子中均有 1 個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子 后面所給的 4 個選項中選擇 1 個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂 在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置。

1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists． A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner． A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching． A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put on004km.cnmission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing． A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 參考答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分：閱讀判斷(第 16～22 題，每題 1 分，共 7 分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出 7 個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該 句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把 A 涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡 上把 B 涂黑；如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金絲雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 參考答案： 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第 23～30 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有項測試任：(1)第 23～26 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為第 2～ 5 段每段選擇 1 個正確的小標(biāo)題；(2)第 27～30 題要求從所給的個選項中選擇 4 個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished（營養(yǎng)）child, and the butcher（屠夫，賣肉的人）who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization（免疫）: scientists have made many vaccines（疫苗）to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability（可獲性）of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 參考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分：閱讀理解(第 31～45 題，每題 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道題，每題后面有 4 個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文 回答其后面的問題，從 4 個選項中選擇 1 個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.參考答案： 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 參考答案：36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B＆O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B＆O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology－from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world－to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B＆O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock－including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.參考答案：41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分：補全短文(第 46～50 題，每題 2 分，共 10 分)閱讀下面的短文，文章中有 5 處空白，文章后面有 6 組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇 5 組文 字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分：完型填空(第 51～65 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分)閱讀下面的短文，文中有 15 處空白，每處空白給出了 4 個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從 4 個 選項中選擇 1 個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上?！癓iquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “l(fā)iquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下載本文檔需要登錄，并付出相應(yīng)積分。如何獲取積分?

2011年職稱英語理工類A級考試試題

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A級)(無換題現(xiàn)象)

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)

1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，約翰.海斯指出了___________________。

A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃無鹽食物對身體有好處。

B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反對含鹽量低的食物。

C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低鹽度的食物。(正確答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含鹽量低的食物更好吃。

2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段簡要的介紹了_________________。

A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎樣選擇被測試者以及研究中做了什么。(正確答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎樣定義超重口味的人和沒口味的人。

C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.為什么把人的數(shù)量限制在87個。

D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.為什么挑選更多的男性。

3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。

A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜歡用咸味阻擋食物里的甜味。

B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他們最主要的食品。(正確答案)

C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的鹽，因為它們不喜歡重口味。

D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜歡和沒口味的人分享咸奶酪。

4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 對于口味超重的人，下列哪項比較適用于苦味?

A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他們喜歡食物中的苦和咸。

B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他們喜歡很咸的奶酪，因為它有強烈的苦味。

C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他們更喜歡高鹽度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正確答案)

D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他們更喜歡很咸的奶酪，因為它對身體更健康。

5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后兩段所帶有的信息是____。

A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情況下，味覺的敏感度由基因決定。(正確答案)

B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自從出生后，味覺的敏感度一直在提高。

C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味覺的敏感度和一個人的眼睛和頭發(fā)的顏色有關(guān)。

D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味覺的敏感度在科學(xué)上仍然是一個謎。

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A級)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out

2.A made B make C taking D took

3.A fit B fitness C health D excises

4.A logical B critical C typical D positive

5.A holds B makes C plays D play

6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment

7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory

8.A what B why C how D where

9.A exercise B training C strength D movement

10.A determine B tell C determining D improve

11.A moderate B average C lower D higher

12.A ignore B improve C like D determine

13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during

15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily

第五篇：2013年職稱英語考試押題理工類詞匯選項名師分析

2013年職稱英語考試押題理工類詞匯選項名師分析

1.We anticipated that the enemies would try to cross the river and so seized the bridge

A.participated

B.expected

C.invited

D.observed

正確答案:B

解析:我們預(yù)??******?會過河，因此占領(lǐng)了橋。A 參加 B預(yù)料，期待 C 邀請 D 觀察

2.The civilization flourished 2000 years ago

A.profited

B.gained

C.benefited

D.prospered

正確答案:D

解析:這個文明興盛在2000年前。A 獲利 B 獲得 C 收益 D 繁華，興盛

3.The mother has been anxious about her lost child

A.worried

B.careful

C.questioned

D.curious

正確答案:A

解析:那位母親一直擔(dān)心失蹤的孩子。A 擔(dān)心 B 仔細 C 質(zhì)問 D好奇

4.No matter whereyou go, I will go with you

A.Nowhere

B.Whereas

C.Wherever

D.Whereby

正確答案:C

解析:無論你去哪里，我都跟你一起。A 無處 B然而 C無論哪里 D借此

5.Anyone who has something interesting to focus onwon't find life boring

A.look over

B.pull into

C.set aside

D.concentrate on

正確答案:D

解析:那些把精力集中在有意義的事情上的人不會覺得人生無聊。A 瀏覽 B泊車 C留出D 集中精力