第一篇:2013年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ惤x詞
2013年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ惤x詞
notion – concept – idea 概念
characteristic – feature 特征
be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的 difficult – hard – tough 困難的 area – field 領(lǐng)域
area – region 區(qū)域
final –last 最后的
diploma – certificate 證書
pleasing – satisfactory 令人滿意的 wish – hope 希望
massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的 conference – meeting會議
close – intimate--near親密的 link – connect 連接
explore – investigate 調(diào)查
propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建議
cater for – meet – satisfy 滿足
provide – supply – furnish 提供
unite – combine – join 聯(lián)合,合并
come across – run into – meet 遇到
appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的 appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate 吸引
instruct – teach 教授(…課程)
private – personal 私人的
vanish – disappear 消失 phase – stage 階段
pattern – mode 模式,式樣
destroy – ruin 毀滅
facilitate(A 級)– help – assist 有助于
manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造,生產(chǎn)
prior to – before 在…之前
for good – forever 永遠(yuǎn)
be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…
write down – put down 寫下
try – attempt 努力
annoying – irritating 討厭的,令人生氣的 boring – dull--uninteresting令人厭煩的 seem – appear 看起來
contented – satisfactory – satisfied 滿意的 exhibit – show 展示
show – indicate 表明
hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 討厭,不喜歡
terrible--awful 可怕的
precise – accurate – exact 精確的 concise – brief--short 簡明的
elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的 purchase – buy 購買
deal with – cope with – handle 應(yīng)付,處理
forbid--ban 禁止
lawful – legal 合法的
unbelievable – incredible 難以置信的
diligent – hardworking 勤勞的,刻苦的
principal –chief--leading---main 主要的,首要的 employ – hire 雇傭
fire – dismiss – send away解雇
assume – suppose 假定
on the verge of---close to 接近于, 瀕臨于
gaze at – look at – stare at 凝視,注視
entitled – qualified 有資格的 employment – work – job 工作
encourage – inspire – push 鼓勵,激勵
no longer – no more 不再
admit – acknowledge 承認(rèn)
allow – permit 允許
state – declare – announce 宣布,聲明
regret – sorry 遺憾的
remove – get off 脫下
start – begin 開始
observe--stick to 遵守
previous – former 以前的 maintain – hold – think 認(rèn)為
cause – bring about – lead to – result in 導(dǎo)致
error – mistake 錯誤
component – ingredient – element 成分
solve – settle 解決(問題)involve – include 包括
numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 級)– plentiful 大量的, 豐富的
stay –remain 保持(用作半系動詞)
rest – break 休息
account for – explain 解釋
examination – test 測試,考試
examine – check up 檢查,核對
gain – put on 增加
put up – lift – raise 舉起
put up – build – construct 建造
relieve--lessen 減輕,減少
severe –serious--bad 嚴(yán)重的 severe – strict 嚴(yán)厲的
sharp– acute – severe 劇烈的(疼痛)
severe – hardtough艱苦的 quit – give up – abandon放棄
subject – topic 話題
remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual顯著的 polite – respectful 有禮貌的
politeness – good manners 禮貌
crazy – mad 瘋狂的 sensible –wise 明智的
clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聰明的
(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲憊 believable – convincing--credible 可信的 original – initial 最初的
original – creative 創(chuàng)造性的
competent – capable – able 有能力的
第二篇:2014職稱英語考試詞匯匯總(理工類)
職稱英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)匯總(第一部分:教材已有詞匯)
2014年更新(理工類)Call: phone Space: room At once: immediately Identify: name/recognize Occur: happen Complete: finish Eventually: finally Conversation: talk Attend: go to Make up one’s mind: decide Account: consideration Put up with: tolerate/bear/endure/stand Give up: abandon/drop/quit Seldom: rarely Take out: extract/obtain Spur: encourage Coverage: reportage Dimly: faintly Mildly: gently Inevitable: certain Isolated: solitary Call off: cancel Now and then: occasionally Find fault with: criticize Grasp: take hold of/understand/follow Lately: recently Manual: physical Harness: utilize Resident: occupant Steadily: continuously Remedy: cure/improve Draft: formulate Practically: almost/virtually Occasionally: sometimes Try: test Readily: willingly Shine: polish Decent: honest/good Deadly: fatal Insist on: demand Damaging: harmful Speed: velocity
Physician: doctor
Particularly: especially Safe: secure Branch: division Abnormal: unusual Abundant: plentiful
Accelerate: step up/increase Accumulate: collect/build up
Allocate:
assign/distribute/give Childish: immature Barren: bare
Appalling: dreadful/terrible Horrify: terrify Anyhow: anyway Achieve: attain Capability: ability
In conjunction: together Credible: convincing Diligent: hardworking Diverse: varied Faulty: wrong Gorgeous:
magnificent/lovely Persist: continue Regulate: control Scatter: separate
Standpoint: point of view Touching: moving Immense:
enormous/great/large Overtake: pass Advisable: wise Puzzle: mystery: Exhibit: show/display Eternal: everlasting Depict: describe Operative: working Wreck: damage Embody: include
Obscure: prevent/restrain Sensational: exciting Stroll: walk
Annoying: irritating
Deliberately: intentionally Vague: imprecise/unclear Summit: top of the mountain Census: count Duplicate: copy Ban: forbid/prohibit Lawful: legal Mock: laugh at Motive: reason
Notably: particularly Omit: fail
Orthodox: conventional Outrageous: unacceptable Scared: frightened/afraid Hail: acclaim/praise organizer: planner postulate: assume Extinction: die out Abrupt: sudden Mighty: very strong Authentically: genuinely Eligible: entitled/qualified Assert: state firmly/maintain Permit: allow Propose: suggest Regret: sorry
Rely on: depend(ent)on Remove: take off Improve: better Break: beat
Provoke: elicit(招致)/cause Gangster: violent criminal Framework: skeleton/system Hazard: danger/risk/distress Hazardous: dangerous Lure: attraction/temptation Densely: compactly Fascinate: intrigue Fascinating:
wonderful/interesting/attractive
Probe: explore/investigate Settle: solve Tremble: shake Shock: surprise Abide by: stick to/adhere to/follow Widen: broaden Shabby: unfair Uneasy: anxious Demolish: pull down/disprove Adverse: unfavorable Concise: short and clear Courteous: respectful Invaluable: extremely useful Insane: crazy/mad Exhaustive: extremely thorough Vigorous: healthy/energetic Ingenious: clever Without bias: fairly Terminate: put an end to
(第二部分:已考過的詞匯)
Ridiculous: foolish/absurd/stupid Obvious: evident/clear Reply: answer Confess: admit Deal with: cope with Purchase: buy Convert:change/vary/ fluctuate/modify/shift/turn Conduct: behavior Start: begin Talk over: discuss Cheerful: pleasant But: only Let: rent Cultivate: develop(cultivating: developing)Merge: combine Graceful: pleasing Prior to: before Weary: tired/exhausted Contaminate: pollute Gauge: assess/measure
Deduce: derive/stem Massive: extensive Cater for: meet Certain: sure/bound Set up: establish Firm: company Survive: live/exist Highly: very Severe: hard Merely: just While: although Annually: every year Particulars: details Limited: small Blend: mix
Durable: long-lasting Expire: die/perish Gaze: stare
sensible: reasonable sustain: maintain upgrade: improve sick: ill
look for: try to find put up: raise lots of: many a lot: much/greatly/considerably pleased: happy/glad/cheerful mend: repair
eternal: everlasting eternally: constantly collaborate: cooperate consolidate: strengthen alleviate: relieve defect: fault
insufficient: inadequate in the end: ultimately complicated: complex appraisal: evaluation close: near alike: similar intelligent: clever goal: aim dismiss: fire
excite: arouse/awaken preserve: keep last: past
specialty: field intimate: friendly miraculous: amazing defer: postpone
elevate: promote/foster award: give dull: boring gap: gulf
grateful: thankful graceful: polite presently: shortly subject: topic
typical: characteristic liable: likely heap: pile sketch: outline utterly: totally urge: advise bump: run celebrity: star
discriminate: distinguish dwell: live
harmonious: balanced persevere: persist dramatic: striking/ sensational root: cause
affect: influence/impact brief: short consume: eat diverse: varied
prolonging: extending unwilling: reluctant slender: slim witty: smart
at stake: in danger guy: man
ample: enough marvel: miracle perpetual: endless
specifications: instructions concrete: specific end: stop
booming: successful rough: difficult promotion: advancement marked: clear miss: avoid capture: catch restrict: limit compile: write profound: deep funny: humorous resentment: anger turmoil: confusion rush hour: peak
as regards: about bust: break wary: cautious expire: end endorse: approve intact: undamaged magnitude: importance skeptical: doubtful cardinal: fundamental contend: compete
thorough: careful tag: label disappointing: chant: repeat
unsatisfactory update: modernize remark: say profile: description spectacular: magnificent asylum: protection obscure: unclear run into: hit approach: handle alleviate: ease contempt: hate evoke: refresh
layout: arrangement discriminate: distinguish
crisp: fresh steep: high
第三篇:職稱英語理工類AB級近義詞組整理
decide – determine – make up one’s mind決定, 下決心
result – consequence – effect--outcome 結(jié)果
effect – realize 實(shí)現(xiàn)
realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意識到
think – guess – believe 認(rèn)為
remember – memorize 記住
reason – cause--motive(B級)原因
cause – bring about 造成 obtain – get – gain 得到
certain – some 某一個(gè)的
certain – sure – positive – doubtless 確定的 employ--hire 雇傭
employ – use – utilize(A 級)--harness(A 級)使用, 利用
scare – frighten 使害怕
quickly – fast 很快地
at stake--in danger – in distress(B 級)處于危險(xiǎn)之中
dangerous – hazardous(A 級)危險(xiǎn)的 danger – hazard(B 級)危險(xiǎn)
out of question – doubtless 毫無疑問的
out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的
call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求
call off – cancel 取消
call sb.up – telephone sb.給某人打電話
get up – arise 起床
raise – increase 增加
arrive at – reach – get to 到達(dá)
leave – depart(B級)離開
immediately – right away – at once 立刻
look for – seek for 尋找
look after – take care of – care for 照顧
look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待
look up to – respect 尊敬
lose – miss 丟失
offer – give 給與
discuss – debate – talk over 討論
discussion – debate討論
sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情
reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒絕
though – although 盡管
beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美麗的 famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的 dim – faint 模糊的
complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成 dark – black 黑色的 darken – blacken 使變黑
adequate – enough –ample(A 級)–sufficient 充足的 mild – gentle 溫柔的,溫和的 strange – odd – abnormal(B級)奇怪的
surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃驚的 surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃驚的 proper – appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)?suitable – fit 適合的 fit – healthy 健康的
finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 級)最終的
put off – postpone – delay – defer(A級)推遲
end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 級)停止
participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 參加
now and then--occasionally 偶爾
constantly – continuously – endlessly 不斷地
criticize--blame 批評
grasp – catch hold of 抓住
follow – understand – comprehend(A 級)理解
take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考慮在內(nèi)
recently – lately 最近
tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受
abandon – give up 放棄
rescue – save 拯救
convert – change 轉(zhuǎn)變,兌換
change – alter – vary – modify(B級)改變,變化
increase – add to – enhance 增加
remedy(B級)– cure – treat 治療
practically – almost 幾乎
accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然
sometimes – from time to time – at times 有時(shí)
ready – prepared 有準(zhǔn)備的
get ready for – get prepared for 為…做好準(zhǔn)備
ready – willing 樂意的
rarely – hardly – seldom 很少,幾乎不
usually – normally 通常地
normal – common – usual – average 通常的 suddenly – abruptly(A級)突然地
protect – preserve 保護(hù)
slight – a little 輕微的
harmful – damaging--bad 有害的 harm – damage 損害
hurt – injure 傷害
shine – polish 擦亮
deadly – killing – fatal 致命的 affect – influence – impact 影響
impartial(B級)– fair – just 公正的 extract – take out 拔出
repair – fix 修理
physician – doctor 醫(yī)生
depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠
particularly – especially 尤其,特別
obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明顯的 safe – secure 安全的
ensure – make sure – make certain 確保
pretty – very – rather – fairly 相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
distant – remote 遙遠(yuǎn)的
important – essential – crucial 重要的 branch – division 部門
company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司
behavior – conduct 行為
steady – stable 穩(wěn)定的
spare time – free time 空閑時(shí)間
accelerate(B級)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速
decrease(B級)– reduce – cut down on 減少
deficient(A級)– short 缺乏的
delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高興的 accumulate – gather – collect 積聚,積累
speed – rate 速度
allocate(A級)– assign – distribute 分配
assignment – task 任務(wù)
order – direct 命令
childish(A級)– immature 不成熟的 foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的 empty – vacant – bare 空的
regardless of – despite – in spite of不管,不顧
unique – particular 獨(dú)特的 as a result – in consequence 結(jié)果
on purpose – intentionally 故意地
pressing – urgent 緊迫的 problem – issue 問題
view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 觀點(diǎn), 見解
notion – concept – idea 概念
characteristic – feature 特征
be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的 difficult – hard – tough 困難的 area – field 領(lǐng)域
area – region 區(qū)域
final –last 最后的
diploma – certificate 證書
pleasing – satisfactory 令人滿意的 wish – hope 希望
massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的 conference – meeting會議
close – intimate--near親密的 link – connect 連接
explore – investigate 調(diào)查
propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建議
cater for – meet – satisfy 滿足
provide – supply – furnish 提供
collaborate(A級)– cooperate 合作
merge(B級)– unite – combine – join 聯(lián)合,合并
come across – run into – meet 遇到
compel(A級)– force 迫使
appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的
appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 級)吸引
temptation(B級)– attraction 誘惑
instruct – teach 教授(…課程)
confidential(A 級)– secret 秘密的 private – personal 私人的 vanish – disappear 消失
phase – stage 階段
pattern – mode 模式,式樣
destroy – ruin 毀滅
facilitate(A 級)– help – assist 有助于
manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造,生產(chǎn)
prior to – before 在…之前
for good – forever 永遠(yuǎn)
be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…
consolidate(A 級)– strengthen 加強(qiáng),鞏固
contaminate(A 級)–– pollute – stain(A 級)污染
depict(A 級)– describe 描寫
write down – put down 寫下
endeavor(B 級)– try – attempt 努力
annoy – irritate(A 級)使生氣
annoying – irritating 討厭的,令人生氣的 tease(A 級)– make fun of取笑
laugh at – mock(B 級)嘲笑
boring – dull--uninteresting令人厭煩的 seem – appear 看起來
contented – satisfactory – satisfied 滿意的 exhibit – show 展示
show – indicate 表明
hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 討厭,不喜歡
terrible--awful 可怕的
precise – accurate – exact 精確的 concise – brief--short 簡明的 deceive(A 級)– cheat 欺騙
elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的 purchase – buy 購買
deal with – cope with – handle 應(yīng)付,處理
forbid – prohibit(A 級)--ban 禁止
lawful – legal 合法的
orthodox(A 級)--conventional 傳統(tǒng)的 unbelievable – incredible 難以置信的
industrious(B 級)– hardworking 勤勞的,刻苦的
indispensable(A 級)– necessary必須的
principal –chief--leading---main 主要的,首要的 employ – hire 雇傭
fire – dismiss – send away解雇
postulate(A 級)– assume – suppose 假定
on the verge of---close to 接近于, 瀕臨于
extinction(A 級)– die out 滅絕
gaze at – look at – stare at 凝視,注視
eligible(A 級)– entitled – qualified 有資格的 employment – work – job 工作
encourage – inspire – push 鼓勵,激勵
no longer – no more 不再
admit – acknowledge 承認(rèn)
allow – permit 允許
state – declare – announce 宣布,聲明
regret – sorry 遺憾的 remove – get off 脫下
start – begin 開始
complicated(A 級)– complex 復(fù)雜的
comply with(A 級)– observe – abide by(A 級)--stick to 遵守
previous – former 以前的 maintain – hold – think 認(rèn)為
cause – bring about – lead to – result in 導(dǎo)致
error – mistake 錯誤
component – ingredient – element 成分
solve – settle 解決(問題)
probe(A 級)– explore 探查
involve – include 包括
numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 級)– plentiful 大量的, 豐富的
stay –remain 保持(用作半系動詞)
rest – break 休息
account for – explain 解釋
examination – test 測試,考試
examine – check up 檢查,核對
gain – put on 增加
put up – lift – raise 舉起
put up – build – construct 建造
foster – cultivate – cultivate(B級)培養(yǎng)
alleviate(A級)– relieve--lessen 減輕,減少
severe –serious--bad 嚴(yán)重的 severe – strict 嚴(yán)厲的
sharp– acute – severe 劇烈的(疼痛)
severe – hard-tough艱苦的 quit – give up – abandon放棄
subject – topic 話題
remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual顯著的
uneasy(A 級)– worried 焦慮的 demolish(A 級)– pull down 拆毀
adverse(A 級)– unfavorable 不利的,相反的 courteous(A 級)– polite – respectful 有禮貌的 courtesy(A 級)– politeness – good manners 禮貌
insane(A 級)– crazy – mad 瘋狂的 sensible –wise – advisable(B 級)明智的 clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聰明的(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲憊
believable – convincing--credible(B 級)可信的 original – initial 最初的 original – creative 創(chuàng)造性的
competent – capable – able 有能力的
vigorous(A級)– energetic – dynamic(B級)精力充沛的,有活力的
第四篇:2012年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怉押題(考前內(nèi)部資料)
2012職稱英語理工A押題模擬試題
教材原題(1篇閱讀理解和完形填空)
2012年職稱英語教材的完形填空和閱讀理解與2011年比有沒有新增的課文(理工)閱讀理解(6篇)
第六篇
Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇
Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三+八篇
“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四+五篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空(6篇)
第三篇
Germs on Banknotes
第十篇
Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇
Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注:
+表示A級文章;*表示B即文章;其他為C級文章;
職稱英語押題 押題模擬試題 2012 職稱英語押題模擬試題第一部分:詞匯選項(xiàng)(第 1~15 題,每題 1 分,共 15 分)下面共有 15 個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中均有 1 個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線,請從每個(gè)句子 后面所給的 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇 1 個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂 在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置。
1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists. A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner. A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching. A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put on004km.cnmission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 參考答案:1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分:閱讀判斷(第 16~22 題,每題 1 分,共 7 分)閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出 7 個(gè)句子,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該 句提供的是正確信息,請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把 A 涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息,請?jiān)诖痤}卡 上把 B 涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及,請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金絲雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 參考答案: 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分:概括大意與完成句子(第 23~30 題,每題 1 分,共 8 分)閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有項(xiàng)測試任:(1)第 23~26 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第 2~ 5 段每段選擇 1 個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第 27~30 題要求從所給的個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇 4 個(gè)正確選項(xiàng),分別完成每個(gè)句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished(營養(yǎng))child, and the butcher(屠夫,賣肉的人)who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization(免疫): scientists have made many vaccines(疫苗)to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability(可獲性)of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 參考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分:閱讀理解(第 31~45 題,每題 3 分,共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文,每篇短文后有 5 道題,每題后面有 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文 回答其后面的問題,從 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇 1 個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.參考答案: 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 參考答案:36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B&O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B&O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology-from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world-to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B&O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock-including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.參考答案:41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分:補(bǔ)全短文(第 46~50 題,每題 2 分,共 10 分)閱讀下面的短文,文章中有 5 處空白,文章后面有 6 組文字,請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇 5 組文 字,將其分別放回文章原有位置,以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分:完型填空(第 51~65 題,每題 1 分,共 15 分)閱讀下面的短文,文中有 15 處空白,每處空白給出了 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng),請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從 4 個(gè) 選項(xiàng)中選擇 1 個(gè)最佳答案,涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上?!癓iquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “l(fā)iquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下載本文檔需要登錄,并付出相應(yīng)積分。如何獲取積分?
2011年職稱英語理工類A級考試試題
Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A級)(無換題現(xiàn)象)
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)
1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中,約翰.海斯指出了___________________。
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃無鹽食物對身體有好處。
B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反對含鹽量低的食物。
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低鹽度的食物。(正確答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含鹽量低的食物更好吃。
2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段簡要的介紹了_________________。
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎樣選擇被測試者以及研究中做了什么。(正確答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎樣定義超重口味的人和沒口味的人。
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.為什么把人的數(shù)量限制在87個(gè)。
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.為什么挑選更多的男性。
3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。
A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜歡用咸味阻擋食物里的甜味。
B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他們最主要的食品。(正確答案)
C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的鹽,因?yàn)樗鼈儾幌矚g重口味。
D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜歡和沒口味的人分享咸奶酪。
4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 對于口味超重的人,下列哪項(xiàng)比較適用于苦味?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他們喜歡食物中的苦和咸。
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他們喜歡很咸的奶酪,因?yàn)樗袕?qiáng)烈的苦味。
C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他們更喜歡高鹽度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正確答案)
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他們更喜歡很咸的奶酪,因?yàn)樗鼘ι眢w更健康。
5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后兩段所帶有的信息是____。
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情況下,味覺的敏感度由基因決定。(正確答案)
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自從出生后,味覺的敏感度一直在提高。
C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味覺的敏感度和一個(gè)人的眼睛和頭發(fā)的顏色有關(guān)。
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味覺的敏感度在科學(xué)上仍然是一個(gè)謎。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A級)
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out
2.A made B make C taking D took
3.A fit B fitness C health D excises
4.A logical B critical C typical D positive
5.A holds B makes C plays D play
6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8.A what B why C how D where
9.A exercise B training C strength D movement
10.A determine B tell C determining D improve
11.A moderate B average C lower D higher
12.A ignore B improve C like D determine
13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during
15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily
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