第一篇：福州大學--中國文化--英語教程復習題及答案

I.Chinese Cultural Terms : 1.綠茶green tea

2.紅茶black tea 3.烏龍茶oolong tea 4.黑茶dark tea 5.花茶scented tea 6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea 7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Chinese Cuisines 8.茶道tea ceremony 9.茶具 tea set 10.紫砂壺

boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鴨Beijing roast duck 12.清蒸魚steamed fish

13.狗不理包子Goubili

steamed buns 14.佛跳墻Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.《論語》 The Analects 16.《詩經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 17.《道德經(jīng)》 Classic of the Way and Virtue 18.道家 Daoism 19.漢字 Chinese character 20.象形文字pictograph

Regional

21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script 22.篆文

seal character/ seal script 23.文房四寶

four treasures of study 24.絲綢之路 the Silk Road 25.海上絲綢之路

the Maritime silk road 26.一帶一路倡議The Belt and

Road Initiative 27.西域

the Western regions 28.敦煌石窟

the Dunhuang Grottoes 29.春秋時期

the Spring and Autumn Period 30.方塊象形文字

the square-shaped pictographic character 31.顏(真卿）體

the Yan style 32.民間藝術(shù)

folk arts

33.年畫

New Year pictures 34.剪紙paper cutting /papercuts 35.皮影戲

shadow play

36.蘇繡

Suhou Embroidery 37.造紙術(shù)

paper making 38.印刷術(shù)

printing 39.佛經(jīng) Buddhist scripture 40.行書 running script /semi-cursive script 41.草書 cursive script 42.楷書

regular script/standard script

43.隸書 official script/ clerical script 44.硯the ink slab/ the ink stone;墨ink stick 45.六藝：禮樂射御書數(shù) “six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics 46.毛筆

the writing brush 47.宣紙

xuan paper/ rice paper 48.中國書法Chinese calligraphy 49.簡體字： simplified characters 50.繁體字 complex characters/ traditional characters 51.中國結(jié) Chinese knots 52.佛教 Buddhism 53.國徽 national emblem 54.國旗 national flag 55.國歌 national anthem II.Multiple choices（每題三個選項中選一個最佳答案）

1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters?（下列哪項與漢字的象形符號無關(guān)？）___A

? Aspiration.吸 ? Imagination.想象 ? Creativity.創(chuàng)造力 ? Allusion.典故

2)Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University（關(guān)于復旦大學的名稱，下列哪個陳述是正確的？）___D

? The characters both stand for “the sun rising on the horizon”.這些字符都代表著“太陽在地平線上升起”

? The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.這個名字取自中國古典詩歌

? The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.這個名字鼓勵學生早上早起

? The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.這些字旨在讓學生們一天天地進步

3)Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures（下列語言中哪一種主要由語言圖片組成？）? B___ ? Mandarin Chinese.普通話

? Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字 ? Oracle-bone inscription.甲骨文 ? Seal characters.篆書

4)The symbol for “swimming” is closest to（“游泳”的符號最接近的是）___.C

? oracle-bone inscription甲骨文 ? Mandarin Chinese普通話 ? seal characters

篆書

? none of the above沒有選項

5)The symbol for “athletics” contains the ingredients of（“運動”的符號包含了）___.A

? dancing and running跳舞、跑步 ? running and swinging 跑步和擺動 ? dancing and swinging 跳舞和擺動 ? triathlon and football鐵人三項和足球

6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except（以下孔子的頭銜除了）___.B

? an educator一個教育家 ? A biologist 一個生物學家 ? A scholar 有識之士

? A philosopher一個哲學家

7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being（“孝”的意思很可能是指）___.D

? ? ? ? Loyal to the state忠于國家

Obedient to sister(s)聽姐姐的話

Responsible for the family 對家庭負責 Dutiful to parents孝順父母

8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’ view on the relationship between man and nature（下面哪一個最能說明孔子對人與自然關(guān)系的看法？）___.D

?

? ? ? Brothers兄弟

Husband and wife 夫婦

Doctor and patient 醫(yī)生和病人 Mother and son母子

9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that（通過喪葬和祭祖儀式，人們可以了解到。）___.B

? Nature is lifeless so it will never die自然是沒有生命的，所以它永遠不會死。? Individual’s life can be everlasting by joining nature 人的一生可以通過自然的延續(xù)而持久。

? They should be grateful to their parents for giving them lives他們應該感謝父母給了他們生命。? Individual’s lifespan is short,so they should enjoy life as much as possible每個人的壽命都很短，所以他們應該盡可能地享受生活。

10)Which of following is the most important part of Confucius’ curriculum?（下列哪一項是孔子課程最重要的部分？）___.C

? ? ? ? Music音樂

calligraphy 書法 virtue 美德

Mathematics數(shù)學

11)Zi Lu ,Ran You and Gongxi Chi’s aspirations represent ___,while Zeng Dian’s reflects（子路，你和公西遲的愿望代表了___，而曾點的反映了）___.D

? Personal ambition;selfishness個人的野心;自私

? Lofty ideals;meaningless pursuit 遠大的志向；毫無意義的追求 ? Personal struggle;generous contribution 個人奮斗;慷慨的奉獻

? Individual contribution to society;harmony個人對社會的貢獻;和諧

12)Which of the following can cover all the connotations of the art of writing（下列哪一項可以涵蓋書寫藝術(shù)的所有內(nèi)涵？）___.D

? calligraphy美術(shù)字（體）;書法，筆跡 ? penmanship 書寫藝術(shù)，書法，書寫技巧 ? handwriting 書法，手書

? None of the above以上都不是

13)How was Chinese calligraphy displayed by Lin Huaimin（林懷民是如何展現(xiàn)中國書法的）___.A

? ? ? ? By dance通過舞蹈 By script 通過劇本 By music 通過音樂 By brush用刷子

14)What can we infer from the example of Zhang Xu（我們可以從張旭的例子中推斷出什么？）___.D

? He did nothing but practice his running-cursive script all day他整天只練習行書。

? He learnt calligraphy by copying other calligraphers of his time 他模仿他那個時代的書法家學習書法。

? He often watched sword dance to learn from it for his calligraphy 他經(jīng)?？磩ξ鑼W習書法。? He made fast progress when he discovered the genuine beauty of calligraphy當他發(fā)現(xiàn)書法真正的美時，他進步很快。

15)How is the “energy”of”one-stroke character”achieved（“能量”的一筆書是如何寫出來的？）___.C

? ? ? ? By pressing the brush harder通過用力按壓筆刷

By writing the character with only one stroke 只寫一個筆畫 by writing the strokes at one go寫那些筆畫的時候一氣呵成 By connecting the strokes in the interior通過連接內(nèi)部的筆畫

16)Which of following words can best summarize the characteristic of “ink pig”（下面哪個詞最能概括“墨豬”的特點？）___.B

? ? ? ? vigorous有力的

cumbersome 笨重的 heavy 重的，沉重的 Dense密集的，稠密的

17)The three most valuable calligraphic works in the three-treasure study include works by all the following calligraphers except ___.D

? Wang xizhi ? Wang xianzhi ? Wang xun ? Zhang xu 18)What can we learn about wang xizhi’s calligraphic works according to the passage（根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以從王羲之的書法作品中學到什么？）___.D

? His handwriting looks like a dragon他的筆跡像一條龍。? His hand writing is heavy but vigorous 他的筆跡重而有力。

? Preface to the lanting pavilion collection is his first work 《蘭亭集》的序言是他的第一部作品。

? The original of preface to the lanting pavilion collection is missing《蘭亭集序》的真跡已經(jīng)不見了

19)How did the criterion of “being hidden”in yan style occur（顏體的“隱”的標準是怎么出現(xiàn)的）___.C

? It dawned upon yan zhenqing accidentally顏真卿偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的

? Yan zhenqing learnt it from former masters 顏真卿從它原先的主人那里學到的

? Yan zhenqing got the idea from zhang xu 顏真卿是從張旭那里得到的想法 ? It was passed down from yan’s ancestors它是顏真卿的祖宗傳下來的

III.Translation 英譯漢，漢譯英（英漢互譯都要掌握）重要提示：請各位同學務必復習這些段落的英譯漢，以及漢語段落回譯成英文。

翻譯復習

1.Unit 1, Page 7 , para.18 Before Confucius,only the nobility had the right to education.He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education.According to historical records,Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples.A total of 72 of them excelled in the ”six arts”,i.e.（也就是）,ritual（禮）,music（樂）,archery（射）,driving（御）,calligraphy（書）,and mathematics（數(shù)）.A great educator,Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.在孔子之前，受教育的權(quán)利為貴族階層所壟斷。孔子在中國歷史上首開私人講學之風氣。他長期從事教育工作。據(jù)史書記載，他有弟子三千，其中通六藝的有七十二人。孔子是偉大的教育家，被后人尊稱為“至圣先師”。

2.Unit2 , page 18.para.11

Laozi said,”The greatest virtue is like water”.He compared his philosophy of ”non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle.He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever thy think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.老子說“上善若水”---水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不爭”哲學思想，與惡意爭斗的叢林法則相區(qū)別。老子說, “水善萬物而不爭?！痹诶献涌磥恚送咛幾?，水往低處流。人情受欲望驅(qū)動，好高而惡下，而水卻永遠往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋潤萬物，給大地帶來生命。3.Unit 5, page43,para.1 Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.Scholars in the field point out that human damage to the natural environment has accelerated to such an extent as to threaten the very existence of human beings themselves.今天，全世界都普遍關(guān)注生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護問題，面對日益嚴重的生態(tài)危機，國際上出現(xiàn)了生態(tài)倫理學和生態(tài)哲學。學者們強調(diào)指出，人類對自然環(huán)境破壞已經(jīng)達到從根本上威脅人類自身生存的地步。4.Unit 6 Page 55, Para.2 Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express people’s keen observation and experience of the world.This is why some European poets have found Chinese characters inspiring to their imagination.Ezra Pound,for example,was well known for his admiration of Chinese characters,from which he was able to draw creativity.When he saw the character “旦”in the dictionary,he was reminded of the morning sun.漢字中的象形符號包含了中國人對世界敏銳的觀察和豐富的體驗。這也是一些西方的詩人發(fā)現(xiàn)漢字能激發(fā)他們的想象力的原因。比如，美國詩人龐德以推崇漢字而著名，漢字的象形符號激蕩起他的創(chuàng)造力。他在字典中看到漢字“旦” 時，他即聯(lián)想到早晨的太陽。5.Unit 7 page 62 ,para.3 The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.絲綢之路不僅是一條古代通商的道路，它更是連接古代中華文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希臘文明和美索不達米亞文明的紐帶。它也為東西方的科學技術(shù)交流起到了促進作用。絲綢之路是古老的中國走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明營養(yǎng)的主要通道。中國文化性格的塑造與絲綢之路息息相關(guān)。6.Unit 8 page71 , para.1&2 Para1 The Analects begins with the Confucian edict（教誨）:”Is it not a pleasure to meet friends from afar?” ”Afar” implies different ways of life and philosophies,Confucius’ attitude shows that the Chinese have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.At the same time,there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.There

is

another

useful

quotation

from

The Analects:”Magistrate（地方行政官）Zigao of the Ye County asked about governance.Confucius replied,’Good governance makes one’s neighbors happy and attracts people from faraway places to come and learn from you.’”

《論語》一開頭就記載這孔子的教導：“有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？”“遠方” 提示著生活方式和思想觀念的差異。孔子的態(tài)度也表明了中國人向來把來自遠方的人當作可尊敬的朋友來看待，并樂于向他們學習。同時，中國人也希望在域外人面前展示好的形象?！墩撜Z》中還有一段記載： “地方官子告問孔子如何治理國家時，孔子答曰：

‘近者悅，遠者來’”。Para2 The prosperous Tang Dynasty best exemplified the open and inclusive spirit of Chinese culture as advocated by Confucius.Instead of denial or confrontation, the Tang,from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards, tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with,leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.由唐太宗開啟的大唐盛世，正體現(xiàn)了孔子所表述的這種中國文化精神。大唐盛世在文化上顯示了開放和包容的姿勢。沒有拒絕和沖突，唐代包容吸納了所接觸的外來文化的眾多元素，促使社會各個領(lǐng)域呈現(xiàn)繁榮景象。7.Unit9 page82, para.4 Compared with these explorers,Zheng He’s voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.On each of the seven voyages to the Western Seas,his fleet consisted of more than 100 ships, with 62 large and medium-sized ships forming the main body.Crews and other personnel added up to more than 20000.Columbus’ fleet had only three ships and an 88-member crew.Obviously,Zheng He’s fleets were unparalleled during his time in terms of size,navigation technology,organization and amenities（便利設(shè)施）,in order to be capable of making those successful long trips.與這些人類航海史的創(chuàng)舉相比，鄭和下西洋，時間上比他們早，規(guī)模上也比他們大得多，鄭和每次下西洋，船隊都由一二百艘船組成，其中以62艘大中型寶船組成船隊主體。船上船員及其他人員總共兩萬人以上。而后來哥倫布的船隊只有3艘船，乘員只有88名。鄭和遠航的規(guī)模之大，技術(shù)之先進，組織之嚴密，設(shè)施之便利都是同時代其他遠航活動無法比擬的。8.Unit 15 page129,para.1

Today,anyone who knows a little bit about Chinese culture usually knows about Chinese calligraphy.This unique art is related to writing, but speaks of much more than simple,even attractive, penmanship.Actually, although we use “calligraphy” to refer to this art of writing,this English word is unable to cover all its connotations.今天，對中國文化少有了解的人，都或多或少地知道中國書法這種獨特的藝術(shù)。書法藝術(shù)與寫字有關(guān)，但不等于說，將字寫得好看一些，就是書法藝術(shù)了。事實上，盡管我們使用英語calligraphy 一詞來指書法藝術(shù)，但calligraphy 一詞還是無法涵蓋書法藝術(shù)的內(nèi)涵。9.Unit 19 page171 ,para.2;Cloisonne is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise from Beijing,which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as providing refined ornaments for daily use.景泰藍是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，集青銅藝術(shù)，瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門道地的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又是人們居家使用的精美物品。page.172, para.7 Spring Festival(or Chinese New Year)is the most important traditional festival in China.People celebrate it with lanterns and streamers,no matter where they live, in the countryside or in the city.New Year pictures are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household.People put up New Year Pictures in their homes to enhance the lively festive atmosphere.春節(jié)是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，一到春節(jié)，無論城市農(nóng)村，人們都要張燈結(jié)彩慶賀，張貼年畫，是家家戶戶春節(jié)必不可少的節(jié)目。人們用年畫將家里布置得熱熱鬧鬧，增添過年的氣氛。page.172, para.8 Most New Year pictures feature designs symbolizing good fortune,auspiciousness（吉利）and festivity.A popular New Year picture entitled Surplus in Successive Years depicts a cute plump baby holding a big carp（鯉魚）in his arms and a bouquet of lotus flowers in his hand.”Fish”and”surplus”in Chinese have the same pronunciation(yu).Through the homophony（同音異義）of the two words, people express their wishes for affluent（富裕的）lives.年畫在內(nèi)容上多表現(xiàn)為祝福，吉祥和喜慶之意。如一幅廣為流傳的年畫《連年有魚》，畫一個可愛的胖娃娃，懷里抱著一條大鯉魚，手里拿著一束蓮花?！棒~” 和 “余”在漢字中讀音相同，通過諧音，以表示生活富足，年年有余。10.Unit22 page207,para.2 It is widely acknowledged that from Ming and Qing dynasties onwards,there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.they came from Shandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu, Zhejiang,Hunan,and Anhui provinces.In addition to these traditional cuisines,the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,as almost every place has its own local specialties,and the different cuisines gather in big cities such as Beijing.說起中國飲食，明清以來，公認的有八大菜系，這它們分別是：魯菜,川菜，粵菜，閩菜，蘇菜，浙菜，湘菜，和徽菜。除了這些傳統(tǒng)菜系，當今中國，美食地圖發(fā)生了很大的變化，幾乎全國各地都有自己的拿手菜，在北京這樣的大城市匯聚了各種地方名菜。11.Unit23 page215,para.1

Tea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4000 years ago.During the Tang Dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony.In the 17th century,the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drinking,which then became a tradition

of the Europeans.In England in particular,people developed the custom of afternoon tea.Prior to the 19th century,all the tea in the world was grown in China,and even the English word “tea” was a transliteration（音譯）of the pronunciation of “tea” in the Fujian dialect of China.Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.茶，這一美妙的飲品原產(chǎn)地在中國。四千多年前，中國人就開始有飲茶的習慣。唐代時，日本的僧人從中國引入茶種，與同時引入的禪宗思想相結(jié)合，形成了聞名世界的日本茶道。17 世紀時荷蘭人將中國人飲茶的習慣帶到歐洲，進而形成了歐洲人喝茶的傳統(tǒng)。尤其在英國，下午茶的習俗由此而生。在19世紀之前，世界各地飲用的茶葉都來自中國。英文中茶葉譯為tea,就是根據(jù)中文的音譯（福建方言“茶”的讀音）。茶，是中國人對世界的重要貢獻。

IV.Short

Answer questions 1.How did the ancient Silk Road influence Chinese culture?/ What is the significance of the ancient Silk Road? The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.絲綢之路不僅是一條古代通商的道路，它更是連接古代中華文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希臘文明和美索不達米亞文明的紐帶。它也為東西方的科學技術(shù)交流起到了促進作用。絲綢之路是古老的中國走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明營養(yǎng)的主要通道。中國文化性格的塑造與絲綢之路息息相關(guān)。

2.What does filial “piety” mean according to Confucius（孔子認為孝是什么意思？）?

Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty” as the essence of ren.The Doctrine of the Mean(Zhongyong)quotes Confucius as saying,“The greatest love for people is the love of one’s parents.” 孔子把“孝與兄弟的責任”視為仁的本質(zhì)。中庸援引孔子的話：“人最偉大的愛是父母的愛?！?/p>

How do you understand it（你是怎么理解的？）?

I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world.Our life is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents.我認為孝順是成為人的基礎(chǔ)，父母是世界上最重要的人。我們的生命是由父母給予的，我們應該永遠感激我們的父母。

3.What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “l(fā)ife”? Please illustrate it with an example（儒家“生命”哲學強調(diào)什么？請舉例說明。）.In the Confucian philosophy of “l(fā)ife”, love for and kindness toward all living things are emphasized.在儒家的“生命”哲學中，強調(diào)對一切生命的熱愛和善待。4.What is the attitude of the Tang Dynasty toward other cultures（唐代對其他文化的態(tài)度如何？）? Tang Dynasty tolerated and absorbed elements from all foreign cultures.唐代對外來文化寬容和吸收。

5.Why are Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas considered to be the greatest ones compared with the European explorers of his time（為什么鄭和的西洋之旅被認為是與他那個時代的歐洲探險家相比最偉大的？）? Because compared with those explorers,Zheng He’s voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.And Zheng He’s ships were also constructed with advanced technology and craft.因為與那些探險家們相比，鄭和的航行時間更早，規(guī)模更大，鄭和的船只也是用先進的技術(shù)和工藝建造的。

6.What’ s the meaning of “ren”(仁）(benevolence)according to Confucius（根據(jù)孔子，“仁”是什么意思?）? Confucius interpreted ren as “l(fā)ove of people”, which begins with the “l(fā)ove for one’s parents”.孔子把仁解釋為“對人民的愛”，從“愛父母”開始。

7.What are important factors when making and drinking tea（沏茶和喝茶的重要因素是什么？）? The Chinese attach great importance to the water,tea leaves,tea set and fire,when making and drinking tea.中國人在沏茶和喝茶的時候非常重視水、茶葉、茶具和火候。8.Why was Tang Capital Chang’an considered to be the largest and the most prosperous international city in the world at the time（為什么唐代長安被認為是當時世界上最大、最繁榮的國際城市？）? The Tang capital Chang’an could be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time because of its enormous size, large population and large number of foreign visitors.唐代長安城規(guī)模巨大，人口眾多，外來游人眾多，可以說是當時世界上最大的大都會。

9.How do you understand “ the great virtue is like water”(你是怎么理解上善若水的).“Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.“水善萬物而不爭?！痹诶献涌磥?，人往高處走，水往低處流。人情受欲望驅(qū)動，好高而惡下，而水卻永遠往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋潤萬物，給大地帶來生命。

10.What qualities do Chinese calligraphy and dance share（中國書法和舞蹈有什么共同點？）? Both Chinese calligraphy and dance involve movements which are swift, smooth and elegant,slow,gentle and enchanting.中國書畫和舞蹈都是動作迅速、流暢、優(yōu)雅、緩慢、柔和、迷人。

11.According to Confucius ,what qualities are “persons of virtue” supposed to have（根據(jù)孔子的說法，“品德人”應該具備什么素質(zhì)？）? “persons of virtue” should have sound character and uplifted minds.Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society.Confucius regarded lofty ideals,great virtue,love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education.Of these,virtue was the most important.“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的頭腦，這樣的人才能承擔起重要的社會責任，為社會做出貢獻。他認為崇高的理想，偉大的美德，對人民的熱愛，和“六藝”作為教育的基本原則。其中，美德是最重要的。

12.What are the purposes of Zheng He’s missions to the Western Seas（鄭和下西洋的任務是什么？）? When Emperor Yongle sent Zheng He on the missions to the Western Seas, he expected to show off the prosperity of the Ming Empire as well as to put his ideals into practice, of making friends with and spreading peace to other countries near and far.永樂皇帝派鄭和下西洋，一方面是為了在世人面前顯示大明帝國的強盛，另一方面也是為了實現(xiàn)和順萬邦，與遠近各國相安無事，以共享太平之福的外交理想。

13.What does the ancient silk road refer to（古絲綢之路指的是什么？）? The Silk Road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia,Africa, and the European continent.It appeared as early as the second century and was traveled mainly by silk merchants.絲綢之路是公元前2世紀開始出現(xiàn)的一條聯(lián)系中國和歐亞大陸的交通要道，由于這條道路開始時以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，所以人們便稱它為絲綢之路。

14.What do you know about Chinese Calligraphy（你對中國書法了解多少？）?

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art.The line is the foundation, is also the calligrapher calligraphy emotion, spirit, temperament and self-cultivation to reveal the media.Calligraphy is a very important part of Chinese culture.Through calligraphy, we can also see the Chinese outlook on the world and the values.中國書法是一種很獨特的藝術(shù)。線條是書法的基礎(chǔ)、也是書法家表情達意,精神、氣質(zhì)和學養(yǎng)得以流露的媒介。書法是中華文化中非常重要的一員，通過書法也可以看出中國人的世界觀和價值觀。

What makes the writing of Chinese character an art（是什么使得漢字的書寫成為一門藝術(shù)？）? The evolution of Chinese calligraphy has benefited from two factors: one is the square shaped pictographic characters, whose beautiful forms provided preliminary conditions for the art of calligraphy;and the other is the writing brush, an important invention in the history of Chinese culture and the basis for calligraphy to germinate and develop.中國書法的發(fā)展得益于兩個因素：一是方形的象形文字，其美的形式為書法藝術(shù)提供了初步的條件； 另一種是毛筆，是中國文化史上的一項重要發(fā)明，是書法得以萌芽和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。

15.Why can Suzhou embroidery stand out（蘇州刺繡為什么能脫穎而出？）? 1.In the early 20th century,Portrait of an Italian Queen by the celebrated Suzhou embroiderer Shen Yunzhi(birth and death dates unknown)was presented to Italy as a state gift;上世紀第二十年代初，由著名的蘇州刺繡藝術(shù)家沈云志創(chuàng)作的意大利女王（出生和死亡日期未知）的肖像作為國禮送給了意大利； 2.Suzhou is abundant in silk and people here and in the surrounding areas are known for their meticulous work style.蘇州絲綢資源豐富，這里的人民和周邊地區(qū)以其一絲不茍的工作作風而聞名。

16.How did the Tang Dynasty tolerate and absorb elements from all cultures it came into contact with（唐朝是如何容納和吸收它接觸到的所有文化的元素的？）? Instead of denial or confrontation, the Tang ,from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards, tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with, leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.唐朝，從唐太宗統(tǒng)治起，容納和吸收各種接觸到的文化元素而不是否定或?qū)?，使得社會生活的方方面面異常繁榮。

Tang Dynasty have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.At the same time, there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.唐朝歷來很尊敬遠方的朋友，并且渴望從中學習。同時，也存在著向外界展示良好形象的愿望。

17.What are the three most important functions of tea（茶的三大功能是什么？）? To tea drinkers,the first and foremost pleasure derived from drinking tea is “cleaning”;the second important facet is that of “seeking leisure”;the third important feature is that of “paying respect”.對飲茶者來說，飲茶最主要的樂趣是“清潔”；第二個重要方面是“求休閑”；第三個重要特征是“尊重”。

第二篇：英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程

《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》總序、前言（21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材）

“21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材”專家委員會

總主編 陸道夫 肖坤學 主編 陸道夫 粟孝君

顧問：何自然梁錦祥

專家委員會成員：（按姓氏音序排列）陳建平（廣東外語外貿(mào)大學）陳曉茹（廣東工業(yè)大學）董金偉（廣東外語外貿(mào)大學）范武邱（中南大學）宮琪（暨南大學）郭雷（華北電力大學）郭英劍（中央民族大學）何高大（華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學）黃運亭（華南理工大學）李月（桂林電子科技大學）凌海衡（華南師范大學）劉洊波（華南理工大學）陸道夫（廣州大學）陸國飛（浙江海洋學院）牛保義（河南大學）彭建武（山東科技大學）沈素萍（對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學）王東風（中山大學）王麗麗（福建師范大學）王哲（中山大學）肖坤學（廣州大學）謝江南（中國人民大學）辛銅川（廣州醫(yī)科大學）張國申（中國藥科大學）張曉紅（深圳大學）張廣奎（廣東財經(jīng)大學）趙德玉（中國海洋大學）朱躍（安徽大學）

總序

何蓮珍（浙江大學外國語學院院長，博士導師）

中國的英語教學近年來取得了驕人的成績，這是不爭的事實。但回溯歷史，我國的外語教學即便從清代最早培養(yǎng)譯員的京師同文館算起，也不過100多年。期間受西方語言教學理論與實踐的影響，我國的外語教學經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)語言教學到結(jié)構(gòu)主義教學到交際法教學的轉(zhuǎn)變，教學的重點也經(jīng)歷了從知識的傳授到技能的培養(yǎng)到交際能力的培養(yǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)變。進入21世紀，我國教育部頒布了《大學英語課程教學要求》（以下簡稱《課程要求》），對高等學校非英語專業(yè)本科生大學英語課程教學提出了一般要求、較高要求和更高要求。一般要求是高等學校非英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)生應達到的基本要求，較高要求或更高要求是為有條件的學校根據(jù)自己的辦學定位、類型和人才培養(yǎng)目標所選擇的標準而推薦的。按照《課程要求》，大學英語課程體系應該將綜合英語類、語言技能類、語言應用類、語言文化類和專業(yè)英語類等必修課程和選修課程有機結(jié)合起來，以確保不同層次的學生在英語應用能力方面得到全面的訓練和充分的提高?！秶抑虚L期教育改革發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2010—2020年）》也對我國今后十年的高等教育發(fā)展提出了明確的目標：完成從數(shù)量到質(zhì)量的轉(zhuǎn)變，進而提高我國高等教育的國際化辦學水平，培養(yǎng)大批具有國際視野的跨學科、復合型創(chuàng)新人才?，F(xiàn)任美國耶魯大學校長的理查德·樂文（Richard Levin）教授對我國高校本科教育創(chuàng)新型人才的培養(yǎng)提出了兩條有益的建議，令人深思。樂文教授強調(diào)要拓寬跨學科的廣度，培養(yǎng)批判性思維。前者是要開展通識教育（General Education），后者是要打破思維定式（Thinking Set），這兩者是中國學生創(chuàng)新能力持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。無獨有偶，早在1928年，同樣是在美國的耶魯大學，著名的耶魯大學報告提出了“頭腦的紀律”和“頭腦的家具”的驚人之說。專業(yè)知識就像腦袋里面裝進的家具，在迅速變革的世界中，從長遠來講并沒有太多的價值；學生需要的是頭腦的紀律或者說思考的框架，讓他們適應不斷變化的環(huán)境，找到解決問題的各種方案，成為主動學習或自覺學習的獨立思考者，而不再是被動機械的接受者。在國內(nèi)外這種教育背景之下，“怎樣學習英語”這個古老的話題似乎又有了新的含義。在我看來，學習英語至少有以下兩大要素是要銘記在心的。打好語言基本功是英語學習的第一要素。扎實的語言基本功是成為國際化人才的關(guān)鍵。語言基本功包括語言知識和語言技能。語言知識包括語音知識、語法知識、詞匯知識等。在大學英語學習階段，我認為詞匯學習不僅要在廣度上下功夫，更要在深度上下功夫。語言技能包括領(lǐng)會式技能和復用式技能，兩者缺一不可。除此之外，語言基本功還包括交際能力。交際能力包括語言能力，但不僅僅是語言能力，還包括語篇能力、語用能力，一個具有交際能力的學習者不僅能按照語法規(guī)則組成語法正確的句子，而且知道何時何地對何人使用這些句子。擴大知識面是英語學習的第二要素。英語中有句俗語：“A jack of all trades and master of none.”中文意思是“樣樣通一點，樣樣不精通”，也就是我們中國人所說的“萬金油”。作為一個英語學習者，我認為需要有一種成為“萬金油”的精神。英語學習者要擴大知識面，千萬不要為學英語而英語，要多方面、多途徑地涉獵各方面的知識。學習者不僅要了解目標語國家的歷史、地理、政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、風俗和科技等方面的情況，更要深入了解本國的歷史、文化等方面的情況，從而讓自己成為中外文化交流的使者和橋梁，讓中國更好地了解世界，讓世界更好地了解中國?？峙聸]有人會否認，成功的英語學習者除了語言天賦之外，良師的指導和教材的輔助也是功不可沒的。隨著我國大學英語教學改革的不斷深入，英語教學理念也發(fā)生了很大的變化?，F(xiàn)代英語教學已實現(xiàn)了從“單純掌握英語語言工具”到“獲取信息、有效交流，甚至搶占知識資本和信息資本”的轉(zhuǎn)變，許多英語新課程也都注入了“以人為本”的教育理念，從過去單純注重知識傳授，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐龑W生學會學習、學會分析、學會思辨、學會批判、學會合作、學會生存、學會做人，打破了過于狹窄的課程設(shè)計和教學定位，轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注通才教育和素質(zhì)教育。這幾年國內(nèi)的英語教材在國際化視野下實現(xiàn)了內(nèi)容的優(yōu)化與整合，從單一到多維，從單項到立體，從語言知識到文化意識，從語言技能的輸入到專業(yè)案例的實操，教材的多元化可謂精彩紛呈，勢在必行。暨南大學出版社與時俱進地研發(fā)并精心策劃了這套由廣州大學陸道夫教授、肖坤學教授總主編的“21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材”，就是在上述這種新的教學理念基礎(chǔ)之上，經(jīng)過多位英語專家教授把關(guān)、一線教師教學實踐體驗、多輪課堂教學檢驗的一次大膽嘗試。“21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材”試圖建立一個多維度、跨學科、寬視野的立體化教材資源庫。本套教材包括《商務英語跨文化交際》、《新編會展英語實務》、《醫(yī)學英語視聽說教程新編》、《醫(yī)學英語SCI論文寫作教程》、《法律英語翻譯教程》、《西方文化英文經(jīng)典選讀》、《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》、《英美經(jīng)典短篇小說閱讀教程》、《大學英語人文通識讀本》、《大學英語通用翻譯教程》、《英語專業(yè)學士論文寫作教程》等。編寫過程中充分考慮到英語學習者輸入與輸出、語言與文化、知識與能力、個人與社會、歷史與現(xiàn)實、理科與人文的多維交叉和相互滲透。整套教材不僅蘊含了豐富的英語語言資源與文化信息，還精選了當代經(jīng)濟生活中的醫(yī)學英語、商務英語、會展英語、法律英語、涉外翻譯等各類真實語境材料，克服了傳統(tǒng)英語教材中務虛避實的形式主義流弊，體現(xiàn)了編者們豐厚的教學積累和溫馨的人文關(guān)懷。能力培養(yǎng)與人格塑造并重，語言運用與思維訓練齊舉，應該說是本套教材的一大亮點。我相信，暨南大學出版社這套“21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材”，將會給我國21世紀復合型創(chuàng)新英語人才的培養(yǎng)帶來新的啟迪，做出新的貢獻。

前言

陸道夫（廣州大學外國語學院教授，碩士生導師）

隨著400多所孔子學院近十年來在海外的興辦與發(fā)展，中國文化越來越引起國外專家學者、平民百姓的濃厚興趣。然而，與之相應的中國文化英語教材建設(shè)似乎沒能實現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展。在國內(nèi)的許多大、中小學，用英語開設(shè)中國文化課程的更是少之又少，以至于不少人雖然談起西方文化如數(shù)家珍，可一旦用英語談起中國文化，就會因為語言障礙和知識匱乏而捉襟見肘。更有甚者，北京大學和清華大學的兩位教授竟然把孟子（Mencius）譯為“門修斯”或“孟修斯”，把蔣介石（Chiang Kaishek）譯成“常凱申”，令人啼笑皆非。不少大學生或老師對那些諸如“拜年”(ahappynewyearwish)、“對聯(lián)”(couplets)、“科舉制”（imperial civil examination system）以及“三綱五常”(three cardinal guides and five constant virtues)之類富有歷史內(nèi)涵的中國文化術(shù)語，不知如何用英語表達(見本書附錄二“常用中國文化專有術(shù)語漢英對照精選”)。在2013年12月新啟動的大學英語四級考試的“段落漢譯”中，許多考生對“絲綢之路”、“中秋節(jié)”、“福、壽、祿”、“中國結(jié)”等中國文化專有詞匯無從下筆，直呼“坑爹”，有不少考生甚至干脆用漢語拼音代替英譯。這無疑暴露了目前我國英語教學對中國文化的漠視和短見。針對這一情況，我們組織了國內(nèi)幾所大學的一線骨干老師，在近幾年開設(shè)大學英語拓展課“中國文化英語閱讀”的基礎(chǔ)上，編寫了這本《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》，試圖通過對先哲圣賢們的經(jīng)典著作的譯本選讀，挖掘中國文化的精髓，把握中國文化的精神，為中國文化在海外的傳播做些力所能及的貢獻?！队⒆g中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》選擇了能夠代表中國傳統(tǒng)文化的17本經(jīng)典著作——《詩經(jīng)》、《大學》、《中庸》、《論語》、《孟子》、《易經(jīng)》、《道德經(jīng)》、《莊子》、《文心雕龍》、《戰(zhàn)國策》、《史記》、《孫子兵法》、《三國志》與《三國演義》、《金剛經(jīng)》、《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》、《茶經(jīng)》等，幾乎涵蓋了中國傳統(tǒng)文化能夠涉及的文學、哲學、史學、醫(yī)學、農(nóng)學、宗教、軍事等重要領(lǐng)域。每一單元分為“背景簡介”、“文本選讀”、“難點釋義”、“問題思考”、“經(jīng)典導讀”、“譯本鏈接”等6大板塊。

作為“21世紀多維英語規(guī)劃教材”的一種，《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》可與已經(jīng)出版的《西方文化英文經(jīng)典選讀》配套使用，作為本科生大學英語拓展課程、英語專業(yè)高年級選修課程、海外孔子學院中國文化專修課程等的教材。根據(jù)我們近三年在廣州大學和南方醫(yī)科大學開設(shè)該課程的教學實踐，通常情況下，作為大學英語拓展課程，“英譯中國文化經(jīng)典閱讀”課程可安排在大學二年級第二學期或大學三年級第一學期開設(shè)，英語專業(yè)可根據(jù)學生的實際英語水平，在大一下學期或大二上學期開設(shè)。閱讀經(jīng)典原文是實現(xiàn)本課程教學目標的根本保障，因此教師應嚴格要求學生按時、按質(zhì)、按量完成閱讀任務。不同的學?？梢愿鶕?jù)學生的實際水平酌情增減閱讀量。為了加深學生對經(jīng)典的理解，進一步訓練學生的思辨能力和獨立思考能力，使之能夠主動進行立論、辯論或?qū)ψ约旱恼擖c進行修正，主講教師可以每3～4周集中開展一次討論課，或者就同一單元的同類主題，或者就不同單元的同類主題展開課堂討論，或者安排4～5名學生選擇本單元中的名家名篇，圍繞“問題思考”中提出的問題，作10～15分鐘的拓展性學術(shù)報告，并展開質(zhì)疑、反詰、辯駁等形式的小組討論。該課程的考核不妨以形成性評估為主，終結(jié)性評估為輔。形成性評估包括學術(shù)報告、學期論文、小組討論、讀書筆記、閱讀摘要等。形成性評估旨在考查學生的組織能力、思辨能力和學術(shù)寫作能力；終結(jié)性評估主要以閉卷考試為主，考查學生對中國文化著名思想家、思想名著和相關(guān)文化背景的了解和熟悉程度。《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》是廣州大學、上海外國語大學、廣東財經(jīng)大學、南方醫(yī)科大學、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學、安徽工業(yè)大學、安徽外國語學院等高校一線老師歷時三年通力合作的結(jié)果。全書的編寫提綱、基本框架、文字修改均由陸道夫負責。全書的篇目選擇、稿件統(tǒng)籌和校正則由陸道夫、粟孝君共同負責。本書在編寫過程中參考了大量的文獻典籍和現(xiàn)有的學術(shù)成果，參考文獻已附在書后，恕不一一列出，謹致歉意和謝意。特別要感謝“大中華文庫·漢英對照”編委會為我們提供的資料幫助；感謝國內(nèi)及海外各位英譯作者提供的優(yōu)質(zhì)譯文；感謝浙江大學外國語學院院長何蓮珍教授百忙之中撥冗賜序；感謝西安外國語大學老校長，著名英語教育家杜瑞清教授的鼓勵與支持。感謝廣州大學國際交流處處長梁碧茹女士，美國衛(wèi)斯理安學院副校長Vivia LFowler博士為我們提供的經(jīng)費資助和資料援助。感謝暨南大學出版社人文分社社長杜小陸先生一以貫之的理解、尊重、支持、奉獻與幫助。感謝廣州大學、南方醫(yī)科大學選修“中國文化英語”課程的近600名本科生。我在《羊城晚報》上讀過一篇隨筆，大意是談信息碎片化的微博淺閱讀與文化經(jīng)典的深閱讀之間的差異，并由此而帶來的思維方式和內(nèi)心感受的不同之處。微博淺閱讀只要求讀者能在海量的信息碎片中作快速篩查，然后在兩個原本沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的碎片中去建立聯(lián)系，并把這種聯(lián)系以巧妙漂亮的手法呈現(xiàn)出來即可。如此就可以贏得觀眾的歡呼和掌聲。通常情況下，讀者無須知道“為什么”，只需判斷“是什么”，然后把一系列的“是什么”組合起來便大功告成。然而，文化經(jīng)典的深度閱讀則需要讀者能夠持續(xù)專注在書本上，集中全部精力，在閱讀的同時必須深度思考。這種深度閱讀的過程漫長而連續(xù)，且常常伴隨著靜思和默想。令人遺憾的是，碎片化的微博淺閱讀在當下卻大行其道，越來越多的手機或iPad“低頭族”們其實與一臺自動機器并無二致：他（她）們用眼睛讀取一條信息碎片，用機械式的手指不斷刷屏，作出轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、回復、跳過三種選擇。這種過程周而復始，無窮無盡。在此，我禁不住想套用英國小說家狄更斯在其小說《雙城記》中的開頭幾句來勾勒當下的某些時代特征：這是一個物質(zhì)泛濫的時代，又是一個精神匱乏的時代；這是一個欲望蒸騰的時代，又是一個奢華浮躁的時代；這是一個信息超載的時代，又是一個心靈閉塞的時代；這是一個娛樂至死的流行文化時代，又是一個細品慢咽的高雅文化時代。匆匆的時代步伐，疾風暴雨式的全球化浪潮，每個人的內(nèi)心和自我因此而受到不同方向的牽引，或離散，或紛亂，終至信仰缺失。不少人拜金、拜物、拜權(quán)勢，甚至愚昧拜神仙，結(jié)果丟掉了“獨立之精神，自由之思想”，不僅“奴在身”，而且“奴在心”，一味追名逐利，罔顧人格，貪慕虛榮，盡失尊嚴。所幸的是，在這樣的時代，我們?nèi)匀挥行夷軌虺良牌?，真真切切地去品讀中國先哲圣賢們留下的文化經(jīng)典之優(yōu)、之美、之智、之深，這不僅是一種奢侈，而是一種福氣。因為老祖宗給我們留下的這些文化經(jīng)典，經(jīng)過歷史長河的洗滌和沖刷，是一種超越物質(zhì)流俗的性靈之說、感悟之言和生命吶喊。對于那些每每徘徊、恍惚甚至有些迷惘的當下人來說，閱讀這些圣賢經(jīng)典，在某種程度上算是駁雜之中的單純、重壓之下的逃逸、欲望溝壑的真理；在很大程度上可以給我們帶來人文的溫暖、鄉(xiāng)愁的慰藉、現(xiàn)實的觀照和歷史的反思。魯迅先生曾經(jīng)說過：“惟有民魂是值得寶貴的，惟有它發(fā)揚起來，中國才有真進步?！?何謂民魂？傳統(tǒng)文化經(jīng)典無疑是其核心之一。我也深信，“腹有詩書氣自華”，“紅袖添香夜讀書”。閱讀經(jīng)典，“會晤”大師；品味經(jīng)典，領(lǐng)悟大師；闡釋經(jīng)典，效仿大師。身處21世紀的我們這一代人，應該從中國文化經(jīng)典中攝取精粹，讓科學和理性在生命中綻放，讓現(xiàn)實生活中的平庸、枯燥、無奇、丑陋和虛偽遁無去處，讓人生旅程中的迷茫、彷徨、孤獨、消沉、苦悶、恐懼等全都遠離我們的心靈家園。閱讀文化經(jīng)典，應該是一個民族靈魂的核心所在，是一個民族精神的支撐載體，是一個民族文化的本質(zhì)彰顯，是一個民族熱情力量的釋放。一個民族固然需要時尚閱讀、娛樂閱讀、消費閱讀、功利閱讀、實用閱讀，但是，深度的文化經(jīng)典閱讀之美、之樂、之智其實更能持久地或潛移默化地影響我們?nèi)諠u空虛的精神世界，凈化我們欲望蒸騰的心靈空間。衷心期望這本《英譯中國文化經(jīng)典精讀教程》能夠達到這樣的編寫目的。衷心期盼來自各位專家和讀者的批評指正。

目錄

Unit One

The Book of Poetry（《詩經(jīng)》)Unit Two

The Great Learning（《大學》）Unit Three The Doctrine of the Mean（《中庸》）Unit Four

The Analects（《論語》）Unit Five

Mencius（《孟子》）Unit Six

The Book of Changes（《易經(jīng)》）Unit Seven Dao De Jing（《道德經(jīng)》）Unit Eight

Zhuang Zi（《莊子》）Unit Nine

Wenxin Diaolong（《文心雕龍》）

Unit Ten

Records on the Warring States Period（《戰(zhàn)國策》）Unit Eleven

Records of the Historian（《史記》）Unit Twelve Sun Zi：The Art of War（《孫子兵法》）

Unit Thirteen Records of the Three Kingdoms & Romance of the Three Kingdoms（《三國志》與《三國演義》）Unit Fourteen The Diamond Sutra（《金剛經(jīng)》）Unit Fifteen Huangdi Neijing（《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》）Unit Sixteen The Classic of Tea（《茶經(jīng)》）Appendix 1 Chinese Text（漢語文本原文）

Appendix 2 Bilingual Glossary of Chinese Culture（常用中國文化專有術(shù)語漢英對照精選）

Appendix 3 Booklists of “Library of Chinese Classics(Chinese-English)”《大中華文庫》（漢英對照）部分書目 References（參考文獻）

樣章瀏覽 《詩經(jīng)》

Cooing and Wooing(Songs of Zhou)By riverside are cooing。

A pair of turtledoves①;A good young man② is wooing，A fair maiden he loves.Water flows left and right Of cresses③ here and there;The youth yearns day and night。For the good maiden fair.His yearning grows so strong，He cannot fall sleep.He tosses all night long，So deep in love，so deep.Now gather left and right The cresses sweet and tender!O lute，play music brightFor the bride sweet and slender!Feast friends at left and right With cresses cooked tender!O bells and drums，delight The bride so fair and slender!(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)

第三篇：黨校《英語》復習題答案

一、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

1.potato（復數(shù)）potatoes 11.empty（過去式）emptied

2.policeman（復數(shù)）policemen 12.say(過去式）said

3.shelf（復數(shù)）shelves 13.wash(三單）washes

4.baby（復數(shù)）babies 14.have（三單）has

5.put on（反義詞）take off 15.twenty（序數(shù)詞）twentieth

6.full（反義詞）empty 16.second（基數(shù)詞）two

7.turn off(反義詞）turn on17.France（國籍）French

8.heavy（反義詞）light 18.Greece（國籍）greek

9.type（現(xiàn)在分詞）typing 19.Canadian（國家）Canada

10.shut(現(xiàn)在分詞）shutting 20.German（國家）Germany

二、完成對話 1.A:_How are you?_2 B: I’m very well, thank you.2.A: How old is your daughter?_B: My daughter is six years old.3.A: What’s the time ?(9:30)B: It’shalf past nine.4.A: What’s the date today ?(2010.1.17)B: It’sJanuary17th ,2010.5.A: What make is it ?B: It’s a Toyota.It’s a Japanese car.6.A: Where does he come from?B: He comes from Italy.7.A: What’s your job ?(engineer)B: I’m an engineer.8.A: What’s the climate like in your country ?(hot, south , cold ,north)B: It’shot in the south and cold in the north.9.A: What’s the matter with him?_B: He has a bad cold.10.A:Where do they live?_B: They live at 87 King Street.11.A: Sophie, this is Hans.He is German.B:_Nice to meet you, Hans.12.A : who is she?B: She’s anairhostess.13.A: How are you today?B: I’m fine, thank you.14.A: What color is your new dress?(green)B: It’sgreen.15.A :What’s the matter with him, doctor?(bad cold)B: _he has a bad cold.16: What’s the climate like your country?(hot, summer , cold, winter)

B: It’shotinsummerandcoldinwinter.17.A: What make is it ?(Ford , American)B: It’s a Ford.It’s an American car.18.A: Where were you just now ?(greengrocer’s)B: I was at the greengrocer’s.19.A: When were you in Turkey?(1990)B: I was in Turkey in 1990.20.A :What day is it?(Sunday)B: It’sSunday.三、介詞、代詞或冠詞填空

1.Mr.Jones and his family are walking __over___the bridge.2.The cats are running _along___the wall.3.Don’t play _with_____matches.6.The children are jumping ___on___the branch.4.She was born ___in__ Germany.5.We were _at___the stationer’s on Monday.6.The boys are swimming _across___the river.7.It’s 9 o’clock.The children are going _into___the class.8.She isn’t French.She is __from__Spain.9.It’s warm enough in the room.You can take ___off__ your coat.10.The ship is going _under___the bridge.11.She goes to shopping _on______Sunday..12.Mary is sittingbetween____her mother and her father 13.Give Tom this book.Give ___him__ this one ,too.14.That is my coat.Give _me_____ my coat please.15.Those are our umbrellas.Give __us___ our umbrellas.16.Is this Helen’s dog? No, it’s not._Her__ dog is brown and white.17.Is this your father’s tie? No, it’s not.__His__ tie is orange.18.Are these the children’s books? No, they’re not.__Their_ books are red.19.Those girls are busy._They_____ are the keyboard operators.20.Look at our office assistant.__He(she)____ is very hard working.21.Is there _any______ bread in the kitchen?

22.There’sa__ loaf on the table.23.There isn’tany__ chocolate

24.There’s __some__ coffee on the table.25.My wife was at _the__ butcher’s on Wednesday.26._The__ sun shine every day.四、選擇填空

1.(A)He isn’t driving to work today.he’s going _______

A.on footB.by carC.by aeroplane

2.(C)I’m not staying at home.I’m going to the _______

A.churchB.schoolC.shops

3.(B)Are you doing your ________, children ?

A.houseworkB.homeworkC.job

4.(B)Jimmy must _______in bed for another tow days.A.goB.remainC.get up

5.(A)Please don’t ______any noise , children.A.makeB.haveC.keep

6.(C)You must _______the classroom clean.A.haveB takeC.keep

7.(A)You mustn’t talk in a ______.You must be quiet.A.libraryB.living-roomC.kitchen

8.(B)Jean ______the floor every day.A.makesB.sweepsC.sweep

9.(B)Please _____the television.A.take offB.turn onC open

10.(C)Open the window and _______the room.Tim.A sweepB lookC.air

11(A)Mrs.Jones is ______dinner in the kitchen.A cookingB.readingC.dusting

12.(B)Who are you waiting _______?

A.aboutB.forC.across

13.(C)The knife is blunt.Will you _______it please?

A.makeB.dustC.sharpen

14.(A)You must _____me the truth.A.tellB.askC.find.15.(A)We _____the radio every day.A.listen toB.watchC look

16.(B)We _____the radio every day.A.lookB.listen toC.watch

17.(A)You mustn’t talk in a _____.You must be quiet.A.libraryB.kitchenC.living-room

18.(B)Are you doing your ____children?

A.houseworkB.homeworkC.job

19.(C)We ____ourselves at the party yesterday.A.enjoyingB.enjoyC.enjoyed

20.(B)She ___the bed now.A.makesB.is makingC.make

21.(A)What’s the matter with him? He ____ill

A.looksB lookingC.looked

22.(B)He usually ____to school by bike.But this morning he is going to school

by bus.A.goB.goesC.walking

23.(B)There is ____milk in the bottle.A.anyB.someC.many

24.(A)I can see ______ cups, but I can’t see ____ dishes.A.some;anyB.any;someC.much many

25.(B)There is ____bread on the table.A.a bar ofB.a loaf ofC.a pound of

26.(A)He comes from _______

A the U.SB.AmericanC.English

27.(C)Does it often ____in winter?

A.showsB.snowingC.snow

28.(B)He is ill.He must _____some medicine.A.makeB.takeC.takes

29.(A)A: What time is it?B: It’s _______(10:50)

A.ten to elevenB.fifty past tenC.ten to ten

30.(B)A: Thank you.B: __________

A No thanksB.You are welcomeC.Never mind

31.(C)I was at _____ churchon Sunday.A.theB.aC./

32.(A)My son was at ________ school on Tuesday.A./B.theC.a

33.(B)I was ________ home on Saturday.A.aB./C.the

34.(A)My wife was at _______ grocer’s on Thursday.A.theB.aC./

35.(C)She can type very well, but he ______.A.doesn’tB.isn’tC.can’t

36.(A)He likes coffee, but I ______.A.don’tB.am notC.didn’t

37.(A)They are working very hard, but we _______.A.aren’tB.don’tC.can’t

38.(B)Is that Mr.Jackson’s hat? No, it isn’t._____ hat is black.A.heB.hisC.him

39.(A)Are these your pens? No, they ‘re not._____ pens are blue.A.ourB.usC.we

40.(A)The second day of a week is _______.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.Sunday

41.– How are you?.--____B____

A.How do you do?B.Fine, thank you.And you?C.Nice to see you.42.--Thank you very much.--______B______________

A.No thanksB.You are welcomeC.Never mind

43.A: I’m sorry.B: __A_______

A.Never mindB.Forgive meC No, you are kind.五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.He’s a policeman（變成復數(shù)）They are policmen.2.I’m an air hostess /a nurse（變成選擇疑問句）Are you an air hostess or a nurse?

3.You mustn’t take this medicine.（變成祈使句）Don’t take this medicine.4.They are going to do it at once.（變成否定句）They aren’t gong to do it at noce.5.Emma isn’t cold（用反義詞改寫句子）Emma ishot.6.She comes from the U.S（表示她的國籍）She isAmerican.7.This watch is Steven’s（就劃線部分提問）Whose watch is this? 8.He is going to pain it pink.（就劃線部分提問）What color is he going to paint it? 9.Mrs.Sawyer usually sees her friends in the afternoon.(就劃線部分提問）What does she do in the afternoon?

10.The man is going to wait for a bus.（就劃線部分提問）What is the man going to do? 11.I want a large pad of writingpaper（就劃線部分提問）What do you want?

12.Mrs.Williams was at the grocer’s on Wednesday.就劃線部分提問）

Where is Mrs.Williams on Wednesday? 13.They are customs officer.（就劃線部分提問）What aretheir job? 14.The boss answered the telephone.（就劃線部分提問）Who answered the telephone? 15.She is a hairdresser.（就劃線部分提問）What is herjob?

16.There is a watch on the table.（變成復數(shù)）There are some watches on the table.17.They like ice cream.（變成一般疑問句）Do they like ice cream?

18.He cleaned his shoes yesterday.（變成一般疑問句）Did he clean his shoes yesterday?

19.There is a newspaper on the desk.（變成否定句）There isn’t a newspaper on the desk.20.He has a headache.（變成否定句）He doesn’thave a headache.24.This umbrella is Emma’s（就劃線部分提問）Whoseis thisumbrella? 25.I want alarge pad of writingpaper（就劃線部分提問）What do you want?

26.Mrs.Jones was at the butcher’s on Monday.（就劃線部分提問）

WhenwasMrs.Jones at the butcher’s

27.Mrs.Williams was at the grocer’s on Wednesday.（就劃線部分提問）

Where and when does Mrs.Williams at? 28.The boss answered the telephone.（就劃線部分提問）Who answered the telephone? 29.She is an hairdresser.（就劃線部分提問）What’s her job?

30.I have a new car.（用第三人稱改寫句子）He has a new car.六、英譯漢

*1.A: Which season do you like best?

B: I like spring and summer.The days are long and the nights are short.The sun rises early and sets late.A:你最喜歡什么季節(jié)？

B:我喜歡春天我夏天，白晝長夜晚短，太陽升起的早落下的晚。

*2.There is a car race near our town every year.In 1995, there was a very big race.我們鎮(zhèn)附近每年都會舉辦車賽，1995年那里進行了一場大型比賽。

3.Come upstairs and see my new dress.Look!Here it is.That’s a nice dress.It’s very smart.上樓來看看我的新裙子，看，在這，這件裙子真好看,真漂亮。

4.You are better now , but you mustn’t get up yet.You must stay in bed for another tow days.你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)好多了，但是你還不能馬上起床，你必須再臥床休息兩天。

5.Here is another photograph of the village.My wife and I are walking along the bank of the river.這是另一張這個村落的照片，我和我妻子正在延著河岸行走。

6.A: Can you make the tea, Sam?

B: Yes.Of course.I can.Is there any water in this kittle?

A: Yes there is.A：能沏點茶嗎？薩姆？B:我當然可以，壺里有水嗎？A:有水。

7.A: Which season do you like best ?

B: I like spring and summer.The days are long and the night are short.The sun rises early and sets late.A:你最喜歡什么季節(jié)？B:我喜歡春天我夏天，白天長夜晚短，太陽升的早落的晚。

8.A: How are you all keeping ?

B: Very well.Thank you.We’re going to spend three days in the country.A: 你們怎么樣？B：很好，謝謝。我們將在鄉(xiāng)下待三天。

9.A.What’s the matter with him, doctor?

B．He has a bad cold , Mr.Williams.So he must stay in bed for a week.A：大夫，他什么??？B：他得了重感冒，威廉先生，所以他必須臥床一周。

10.In the morning , Mr.Sawyer goes to work and children go to school, their father take them to school every day.早晨，索耶先生去上班，孩子們?nèi)ド蠈W，他們的父親每天送他們?nèi)W校。

七、漢譯英（每題2分，共10分）

1.四五月份天氣總是暖洋洋的。但有時下雨。

It is always warm in April and May.But it rains sometimes.2.我最喜歡春季和夏季。因為此時白天長而夜晚短，太陽生得早而

晚。

I like spring and summer.The days are long and the nights are short.The sun rises late and sets erly.3.這是我們村莊的一張照片。我們的村莊坐落在一個山谷之中。

This is a photograph of our village.Our village is in a valley.4.早上，索耶先生去上班、孩子們?nèi)ド蠈W。父親每天送孩子們?nèi)ド蠈W。

In the morning.Mr.Sawyer goes to work and the children go to school.Their father takes them to school every day.5.在晚上，索耶先生總是讀報紙，但有時和他的妻子看電視。

At night, Mr.Sawyer usually reads his newspaper,but sometimes he and his wife watch television.6.A: 我想要一大盒粉筆。

A:I want a large box of chalk.B: 我們只有小盒的。您要一盒嗎？

B:We only have small boxes.Do you want one?

A: 不了，謝謝。

A:No, thank you.7.在回家的途中，我的妻子對我說；“別開得那么快！

On the way home, my wife said to me, ‘Don’t drive so quickly!’

8.教室里有很多學生。他們正在看書。

There are many students in the classroom.They are reading books.9.A：孩子們在干什么？

What are the children doing?

B：他們正在河里游泳。

They are swimming in the river.10.A：她牙痛嗎？

Does she have a toothache?

B：不，她耳朵痛。所以她必須去看病。

No, she has an earache.So she must see a doctor.11.史密斯夫人的客廳很大。客廳里有臺電視機，一張桌子和幾把扶手椅。

Mrs.Smith’s living room is large.There is a television,there is a table and there are some armchairs in the living room.12.我們打算到鄉(xiāng)下去三天，在我母親家度周末.We’re going to spend three days in the country.We’re going to stay at my mother’s for the weekend.13.--請你把這封信給老板打一下 可以嗎？，帕梅拉？

Can you type this letter for the boss please, Pamela?

--可以，當然可以

Yes, of course I can.14.你現(xiàn)在好些了，但你還不應該起床。你必須再臥床兩天。

Yor are better now,but you mustn’t get up yet.You must stay in bed foranother two days.15.他每天可以起來兩個小時，但您必須保持房間溫暖。

He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm.16.這是學校大樓。它位于公園的旁邊。

This is the school building.It si beside a park.

第四篇：國際商貿(mào)英語函電教程 答案

Lesson 1

Part 1

1.Through the introduction of our branch in your country

2.you are one of the leading exporters of furniture

3.we shall appreciate it if you send us your price-list

4.you are interested in electric fans

5.To acquaint you with the various kinds of crafts we handle

6.your early reply

Part 2

understandestablishwithlargecataloguesappreciate

samplessupplytoreplybenefit

Part 3

1.By the courtesy of Huamei Company, we are given to understand the name and address.2.We shall appreciate it if you send us your samples immediately.3.We trust there is a good prospect for our business through our close cooperation.4.We specialize in the export of Chinese cotton textile and wish to establish business relations with you.1.我方有幸在廣交會上看到貴方的產(chǎn)品，對其高品質(zhì)和低價格印象頗深。

2.我方有幸自薦希望與貴方建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系。

3.我方從歐洲和美國進口了大量的食品，也因此自認為在此業(yè)界擁有豐富的經(jīng)驗。

4.期待貴方的回復。

Part 4

Dear Sirs,We have obtained the name and address of your company from Johnson&Co.New York, with whom we have done business for many years.We specialize in the import of light industrial products.We trust we can sell quantities of Chinese goods if your prices are competitive.Please send us the necessary information regarding your products for export.Yours faithfully,Lesson 2

Part 1

1.a lot of our clients are interested in walnut meat.2.We can offer

3.learned your name and address from Chamber of Commerce.4.If your price-list is reasonable

5.you are willing to establish direct business relations with us

6.comes within the scope of our business activities.Part2

Commercialpasseddesirebusinesscorporationinform

commoditiesinterestedscopecatalogueinformationreply

part 3

1.We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.2.We learn from our market investigation that you are interested in importing leather products.3.To acquaint you with the products we handle, we enclose several samples.4.Our products have enjoyed a good reputation and we are sure they will have great potentiality of the market in your country.1.得知貴方是中國綠茶的潛在買家，此商品正屬我們的經(jīng)營范圍。

2.我們經(jīng)營中國食品的進口，希望與貴方建立業(yè)務關(guān)系。

3.請向東京銀行查詢，該行將樂于提供您所需要的有關(guān)我方財務狀況的資料。

4.按照要求我們寄去了樣品冊和價目單以供參考，如有任何感興趣的物品，請告知詳情。

Part 4

Dear Sirs,By the courtesy of the Commercial Councilor’s office of the Embassy of China in your country, we’re given to understand that you are the leading exporters of Wooden Sweaters.We have the pleasure to introduce ourselves.We are state-owned corporation and specializing in the export of sweaters.We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.To acquaint you with our products, we’re enclosing a copy of catalogue for your reference.I look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,Lesson 3

Part 1

1.who will be pleased to give you the information you require

2.if could let us have your opinion on the reputation and financial standing of the firm

3.T he company you enquired about

4.not to enter into any business relations

5.information regarding the firm you require

6.strictly confidential

part 2

surprisereferencereputablefinancialordersinvolvedcomparedmentionedsettledenquiresinformationconfidence

part 3

1.The firm you enquire is the most reliable importer in our district and have enjoyed a good reputation among the traders.2.They are in difficult financial standing and unable to meet the obligation.3.We have no certain knowledge of the firm and shall appreciate if you could let us have your opinion on the reputation and financial standing of it.4.The information you have given us is to be treated as strictly confidential.1.2.3.4.我方檔案中沒有您所詢問公司的資料。我方建議貴方與所詢問公司進行交易是務必小心謹慎。該公司聲譽良好，資金儲備雄厚。貴銀行為我們所獲得的有關(guān)該公司的財務狀況的信息資料將會嚴格保密并且貴行可以不負任何責任。

Part 4

Dear Sirs,In reply to your letter of Oct.6, we give you the following information.The company you said is an old-established one who has long enjoyed a great reputation.We nave done business with them for many years and know them really reliable.This information is given in our personal opinion.We must ask you to treat in strict confidence and without any responsibility on our part.Yours faithfully,Lesson 4

Part 1

1.there is a good prospect for our market

2.your detailed export terms

3.Please let us know the price for this article

4.a copy of catalogue and a price-list of your products

5.it if you can quote CIF London.Part 2

informedmanufacturingvarioussteadyappreciatesendingdetailedillustrationtermsconcerning

part 3

1.We have obtained that you are specializing in exporting a variety of light industrial products.

第五篇：C#程序設(shè)計教程期末復習題及答案

習題 1

一、選擇題

1．在C#中 B 都是對象。

A 任何類型 B 任何事物 C 任何代碼 D 任何技術(shù) 2．對象包含數(shù)據(jù)和 A 的方法。

A 在該數(shù)據(jù)上工作 B 調(diào)用 C 函數(shù)調(diào)用 D 傳遞參數(shù) 3．一個類是 D 的藍本。

A 數(shù)據(jù)集合 B 函數(shù)集合 C 方法集合 D 給定功能集合 4．.NET構(gòu)架包含公用語言運行時期和 B。5．.NET的核心是 A。

A CLR B Windows2000 C DNA D 分解平臺 6．C#程序以 B 擴展名保存編寫的程序。A.CS B.PS C.CSS D.SC 7．System是 B 的命名空間。

A 存儲系統(tǒng)類 B 控制臺類 C I/O操作 D 新項目 8．namespace用于聲明 B。

A 新項目 B 一個命名空間 C 類與方法 D 指令 9．每個C#程序必須有一個 D 方法。A 類方法 B 構(gòu)造方法 C Main D 重載方法

二、問答題

1.面向?qū)ο缶幊痰娜笤瓌t是什么？ 答：封裝、繼承和多態(tài)性。2.封裝是什么？

答：封裝是用于隱藏對象實際的制作細節(jié)。3.繼承是什么？

答：繼承是在建立新的特定對象時，可以使用現(xiàn)有對象的功能性。4.多態(tài)性是什么？

答：多態(tài)性是程序代碼能夠依據(jù)實際對象所需而進行不同的行為。5..NET的核心構(gòu)件包括哪些？ 答：（1）.NET構(gòu)造塊服務或有計劃的訪問某些服務。

（2）將在新的Internet設(shè)備上運行的.NET設(shè)備軟件。（3）.NET用戶經(jīng)驗。6.CLR的作用是什么？

答：CLR是.NET的核心，它是一個運行時期環(huán)境，在該環(huán)境中，以不同語言編寫的應用程序均能始終運行。

三、編程題

使用.NET代碼編輯器編寫一個C#應用程序，以在屏幕打印出：

C# is the Component-oriented language in C and C++ family of language.要求：

（1）使用using System命名空間，即定位System命名空間的Console類。（2）不使用using System命名空間，即System命名空間的Console類。（3）使用using指令的別名，即使用using創(chuàng)建using的別名。答案：（1）

//Example1.cs Using System;Class Example1 { Public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“C# is the Component-oriented language ”);Console.WriteLine(“in C and C++ family of language.”);} }（2）

//Example2.cs Class Example1 { Public static void Main(){ System.Console.Write(“C# is component-oriented language”);System.Console.WriteLine(“in C and C++ family language.”);

} }(3)Example3.cs Using output=System.Console;Class Example1

Public static void Main(){ Output.Write(“C# is component-oriented language”);}

習題2

一、選擇題

1．C#的數(shù)據(jù)類型有 A 和 C 兩種。

A 值類型 B 調(diào)用類型 C 引用類型 D 關(guān)系類型 2．C#的值類型包括 A、B 和 D 三種。A 枚舉 B 基本類型 C 整形 D 結(jié)構(gòu) E浮點型 F 字符型

3．C#的引用類型包括 A、B、C、F、G 和 H 六種。

A string B object C 類 D float E char F 數(shù)組G 代表 H 4．裝箱是把值類型轉(zhuǎn)換到 B 類型。

A 數(shù)組 B 引用 C char D string 5．拆箱是引用類型返回到 C 類型。

A string B char C 值 D 數(shù)組 6． A 類型是所有類型的根。

接口 A System.Object B object C string D System.Int32 7．從派生類到基類對象的轉(zhuǎn)換是 B 類型轉(zhuǎn)換。A 顯示 B 隱式 C 自動 D 專向 8．從基類到派生類對象的轉(zhuǎn)換是 D 類型轉(zhuǎn)換。A 隱式 B 自動 C專向 D 顯示 9．強制轉(zhuǎn)換對象可以使用 B 關(guān)鍵字實現(xiàn)。A is B as C this D object 10．命名空間用于定義 A 的作用域。

A 應用程序 B 有關(guān)類型 C 多重源代碼 D 層次結(jié)構(gòu) 11．using關(guān)鍵字用于 B 命名空間中的Console對象。A Console B System C Object D Int32

二、填空題

1．下列程序的運行結(jié)果是 99.44。//Exam1.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int i=918;float f=10.25f;short sh=10;double d=11.19;Console.WriteLine(i+f+sh+d);} } 2．下列程序的運行結(jié)果是 25.5。//Exam2.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int i=5;float f=5.1f;Console.WriteLine(i*f);} }

二、編程題

1． 已知a=1，b=2，c=3，x=2，計算y=ax+bx+c之值。2． 已知圓的半徑Radius=2.5，計算圓的面積。（PI=3.14159）要求：

（1）使用基本方法；（2）使用裝箱與拆箱；

（3）輸出以double，float，int，decimal，short表示；（4）使用object類與類型轉(zhuǎn)換；（5）使用派生類與as。答案： 1． 方案一： //YValue.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int a=1,b=2,c=3,x=2,y;y=(a*x+b)*x+c;Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”,y);} } 方案二：

//YValue1.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int a=1,b=2,c=3,x=2;Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”,(a*x+b)*x+c);} } 2．

（1）使用基本方法 方案一：

//CircleAreaApp.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5,Area;Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);} } 方案二：

//CircleAreaApp1.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,3.14159*Radius*Radius);} }（2）使用裝箱與拆箱 //CircleAreaApp2.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);object obj=Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(double)obj);} }（3）輸出以double，float，int，decimal，short表示 //CircleAreaApp3.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(int)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(decimal)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(short)Area);} }（4）使用object類與類型轉(zhuǎn)換 //CircleAreaApp4.cs using System;class Circle { public double Radius=2.5;} class CircleAreaAPP { public static void Main(){ Circle cir=new Circle();double Area=3.14159*cir.Radius*cir.Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);object obj=(float)Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)obj);} }（5）使用派生類與as //CircleAreaApp5.cs using System;class Circle {} class CircleAreaAPP:Circle { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);object obj=(float)Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)obj);Circle cir=new Circle();Console.WriteLine(“cir={0}”,cir==null?“null”:cir.ToString());CircleAreaAPP cirA=new CircleAreaAPP();cirA=cir as CircleAreaAPP;Console.WriteLine(“cirA={0}”,cirA==null?“null”:cirA.ToString());} }

習題3

一、選擇題

1．字符串的輸入使用 B 方法。

A)Cosole.Read()B)Cosole.ReadLine()C)Cosole.Write()D)Cosole.In.read()2．用于格式化輸出十進制數(shù)的符號是 C。

A)C B)E C)D D)G E)N F)X 3．用于格式化輸出浮點數(shù)的符號是 D。A)C B)D C)G D)F E)N F)X 4．用于格式完整日期/時間模式（長時間）的符號是 A。A)D B)F C)G D)M E)R F)S 5．用于格式完整日期/時間模式（短時間）的符號是 C。A)D B)f C)g D)d E)F F)G

二、編程題

1．從鍵盤輸入一個小寫字母，然后輸出所輸入的小寫字母后其對應單代碼值。2．從鍵盤輸入兩個浮點數(shù)，然后輸出這兩個數(shù)相加的結(jié)果（要求小數(shù)后取4位）。3．從鍵盤輸入年、月、日的數(shù)值，然后用完整的日期事件格式化輸出。答案： 1．

//CharValue.cs using System;public class CharValue { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter an char:”);char ch = char.Parse(Console.ReadLine());//or char ch=(char)Console.Readline();Console.WriteLine(ch);Console.WriteLine((int)ch);} }

2．//TwoFloatAddition.cs using System;public class TwoFloatAddition { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter a float:”);float f1= float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write(“Enter a float:”);float f2 = float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine(“Result of addition for two float is: {0:F4}”,f1+f2);} }

3．//DateTimeFormat.cs using System;using System.Globalization;public class DateTimeFormat { public static void Main(String[] args){ Console.Write(“Enter year month day: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();DateTime s1 = DateTime.Parse(s);Console.WriteLine(“d {0:d}”,s1);Console.WriteLine(“D {0:D}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“f {0:f}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“F {0:F}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“g {0:g}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“G {0:G}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“m {0:m}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“M {0:M}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“r {0:r}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“R {0:R}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“s {0:s}”, s1);} }

習題4 1．以下運算符的運算符優(yōu)先級，D 最高，E 最低。A)+ B)<< C)| D)（）E)|| F)++ 2．以下運算符中，A 是三目運算符。

A)?: B)--C)= D)<= 3．在堆棧上創(chuàng)建對象和調(diào)用構(gòu)造函數(shù)時，通常使用 B 關(guān)鍵字。A)typeof B)new C)as D)is 4． A 用于獲取系統(tǒng)的System.Type類型。

A)typeof B)new C)sizeof D)is

二、寫出下列程序執(zhí)行結(jié)果。1．運行結(jié)果。//Increment1.cs using System;public class Increment1 { public static void Main(){ int i1=1993,i2=11,i3=19;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1=i3;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i3+=i2;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1=i2+i3;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1++;++i2;i3=i1++ + ++i2;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);} }

2．運行結(jié)果：。//Increment2.cs using System;public class Increment2 { public static void Main(){ int a,b;a = b = 1;b = a / ++b;Console.WriteLine(“a={0} b={1}”,a,b);b = a++-i1);Console.WriteLine(---i1);Console.WriteLine(i2---i3);Console.WriteLine(i4---i5);Console.WriteLine(-i6---i7);Console.WriteLine(i8++/ ++i9*--i10);Console.WriteLine(++i11/i12++ *--i13);Console.Read();} }

三、編程題

1．輸入兩個整數(shù)，輸出它們（實數(shù)除）的商，并輸出商的第2位小數(shù)位（例如：5/18.0=1.875, 1.875的第二位小數(shù)是7）。

2．輸入圓球的半徑，計算圓球的表面積（4πr）和體積（4πr/3），其中π=3.14159。3．輸入秒數(shù)，把它轉(zhuǎn)換為用小時、分、秒表示。例如，輸入7278秒，則輸出2小時1分18秒。4．計算x=ab+5ln(1+c)要求：

（1）輸出結(jié)果以科學表示法、定點表示法（小數(shù)點后保留兩位）和普通表示法表示。（2）輸出結(jié)果以整數(shù)表示并指明當前工作的日期和時間。

5．計算答案： 1．

//RealDivide.cs using System;public class RealDivide

3223 { public static void Main(){ Console.WriteLine(“Enter two integers:”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();;int a = int.Parse(s[0]);int b = int.Parse(s[1]);float f = 1.0f * a / b;int c=(int)(f*100)%10;Console.WriteLine(“Result of real divide is : {0}”,f);Console.WriteLine(“Second place of decimals is : {0}”,c);} }

2．//SphereA.cs using System;public class Sphere { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter the radius of sphere: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();double radius = double.Parse(s);double surfaceArea = 4 * Math.PI * radius * radius;double Volume = 4 * Math.PI * radius * radius * radius / 3;Console.WriteLine(“SurfaceArea={0}”,surfaceArea);Console.WriteLine(“Volume={0}”,Volume);} }

3．//HourMinuteSecond.cs using System;public class HourMinuteSecond { public static void Main(){ int hour, minute, second;Console.Write(“Enter numbers of second:”);string s = Console.ReadLine();second = int.Parse(s);hour = second / 3600;second %= 3600;minute = second / 60;second = second % 60;Console.WriteLine(“{0} hour {1} minute {2} second”,hour,minute,second);} }

4． //ValueX.cs using System;using System.Globalization;public class ValueX { public static void Main(){ double a, b, c, x;Console.Write(“Enter three numbers: ”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();a = double.Parse(s[0]);b = double.Parse(s[1]);c = double.Parse(s[2]);x = a * Math.Pow(b, 3)+ 5 * Math.Log(1 + c * c);Console.WriteLine(“x={0:E}ttx={1:F2}ttx={2:G}”, x, x, x);Console.WriteLine(“x={0:D}”,(int)x);DateTime NowTime = DateTime.Now;Console.WriteLine(“{0:D}”, NowTime);} }

5．//MathTestA.cs using System;public class MathTestA { public static void Main(){ double alpha, beta, y;Console.Write(“Enter value of alpha: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();alpha = double.Parse(s);Console.Write(“Enter value of beta: ”);s = Console.ReadLine();beta = double.Parse(s);y = Math.Pow(Math.Abs(Math.Log(Math.Sqrt(1 + alpha * alpha))a)*(sc)));Console.WriteLine(“Area of triangle is :{0:F2}n”, Area);} else { Console.WriteLine(“can't construct triangle!n”);} Console.ReadLine();}

} 運行結(jié)果：

2.//Prime.cs

class Prime { public static void Main(){ int a, n, m = 0, i, j;bool flag;for(i = 2;i <= 50;i++){ flag = true;j = 2;a =(int)Math.Sqrt((double)i);while(flag && j <= a){ if(i % j == 0)flag = false;j++;} if(flag){ Console.Write(“{0:D2} ”, i);m++;if(m % 4 == 0)Console.WriteLine();} } Console.WriteLine();Console.ReadKey();} } 運行結(jié)果：

3.//CountDigit.cs class CountDigit { public static void Main(){ int num = 0;char ch;Console.Write(“Enter chars:”);while(true){ if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'b')if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'y')if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'e')break;if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')num++;} Console.WriteLine(“Numbers of digit is:{0}n”, num);Console.Read();Console.ReadKey();} } 運行結(jié)果：

4.//ForSinCosTan.cs class ForSinCosTan { public static void Main(){ float sinx, cosx, tanx;double x;Console.WriteLine(“xtsinxtcosxttanx”);for(int i = 2;i <= 10;i += 2){ x = i * Math.PI / 180;sinx =(float)Math.Sin(x);cosx =(float)Math.Cos(x);tanx =(float)Math.Tan(x);Console.WriteLine(“{0}tt{1:F6}tt{2:F6}tt{3:F6}”, i, sinx, cosx, tanx);} Console.Read();Console.ReadKey();} } 運行結(jié)果：

5.//Factorial.cs

class Factorial { static int n, Fact;public static void Main(){ n = 0;Fact = 1;Console.WriteLine(“Use while loop:”);while(++n <= 5){ Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} Console.WriteLine(“Use do-while loop:”);n = 1;Fact = 1;do { Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} while(++n <= 5);Console.WriteLine(“Use for loop: ”);Fact = 1;for(n = 1;n <= 5;n++){ Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} Console.ReadKey();} } 運行界面：

習題6

一、填空題

1.C#類的成員包括 域、方法、屬性、常量、索引、事件與運算符

2.用于指定類的成員是否可訪問的修飾符有public、protected、private及internal。3.類最常用的方法是Main 4.構(gòu)造方法實例化對象的形式是 類名 對象=new 類名（構(gòu)造方法參數(shù)）5.從另一個類，繼承一個類的語法是 class 派生類：基類 6.sealed類用于 確保一個類永不作為基類

二、編程題

1輸入一個數(shù)值作為正方形的邊長，計算正方形的面積，并輸出到屏幕上。要求：

（1）定義一個類，在類中定義無參的構(gòu)造方法和主方法。（2）定義一個類，在類中定義帶參的構(gòu)造方法和主方法。

2、重復輸入數(shù)據(jù)，計算分段函數(shù)

?|x|?r?0y=?

22|x|?r??r?x要求：

（1）定義兩個類，在一個類中定義無參的構(gòu)造方法，在另一個類中定義主方法。（1）定義兩個類，在一個類中定義帶參的構(gòu)造方法，在另一個類中定義主方法。

3.從鍵盤讀入邊數(shù)（side），然后按輸入的邊數(shù)畫出一組由排列緊湊的星號組成的正方形。例如，side為4則畫出： * * * * * * * * * * * * 要求：

（1）定義一個類，在類中定義無參的構(gòu)造方法。

（2）定義有兩個類，在一個類中定義帶參的構(gòu)造方法，在另一個類中定義主方法。4.打印一個ASCⅡ碼表。

要求定義兩個類，在一個類中定義無參的構(gòu)造方法，在另一個類中定義主方法。5.重復輸入數(shù)據(jù)計算正方形、長方形與任意三角形面積（要求使用單一繼承）。

答案 1.（1）答案

namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Square { Square(){ Console.Write(“Enter length of side for square:”);double len = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”, len * len);} public static void Main(){ for(;;){ Square obj = new Square();Console.Write(“Do you want to continue?(y/n)”);string s = Console.ReadLine();if(s.Equals(“n”))break;}

} } }

運行結(jié)果：

（2）答案 namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Square { public static readonly int N = 3;public Square(double len){ Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”, len * len);} public static void Main(){ for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){ Console.Write(“Enter length of side for square: ”);string s=Console.ReadLine();double length=double.Parse(s);Square obj=new Square(length);} Console.ReadKey();} } } 運行結(jié)果：

2.題(1)答案

namespace ConsoleApplication3 { class Function { public Function(){ Console.Write(“Enter value of x and r;”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();double x = double.Parse(s[0]);double r = double.Parse(s[1]);double y = Math.Abs(x)>= r ? 0 : Math.Sqrt(r * ry;} } static void Main(string[] args){ int x = 30, y = 50, a, b;fun(x, y out a ,out b)Console.WriteLine(“a=”+a +“b=”+b);} } A）50，30 B）30，50 C）80，—20 D）80，20

二、填空題

下面程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果是（）//FunApp2.cs Using System;class FunApp2 { int x = 888, y = 777, z = 666;public FunApp2(){ x++;y++;z++;} public FunApp2(int a, int b, int c){ x = a;y = b;z = c;} } public class FunApp { static void Main();FunApp2 obj1=new FunApp2();Console.Write Line(obj1.x);Console.Write Line(obj1.y);Console.Write Line(obj1.z);FunApp2 obj2=new FunApp2();Console.Write Line(obj2.x);Console.Write Line(obj2.y);Console.Write Line(obj2.z);} }

二、編程題

1,重復輸入任意數(shù)據(jù)，計算y=

??0

???

r2?x2

|x|??r

|x|?r要求：

（1）使用值參數(shù)方法：（2）使用ref參數(shù)方法；（3）使用out參數(shù)方法；（4）使用ref與out參數(shù)方法；（5）使用重載方法；（6）使用重載構(gòu)造方法；（7）使用可變參數(shù)方法；（8）使用靜態(tài)方法。

(1)答案： using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApplication1 { //YestA

class YTest { public void yMethod(double x, double r){ Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”, Math.Abs(x)> r ? 0 : Math.Sqrt(r * rx * x);} } class YTest {