第一篇：房產(chǎn)英語(yǔ)及教育詞匯

建設(shè)用地面積:指城市規(guī)劃行政主管部門確定的建設(shè)用地界線所圍合的用地水平投影面積，不包括代征地的面積。

商品房公用面積的分?jǐn)傄源睘閱挝唬c本幢樓房不相連的公用建筑面積不得分?jǐn)偨o本幢樓房的住戶?？煞?jǐn)偟墓膊糠譃楸敬睒堑拇筇?、公用門廳、走廊、過(guò)道、公用廁所、電（樓）梯前廳、樓梯間、電梯井、電梯機(jī)房、垃圾道、管理井、消防控制室、水泵房、水箱間、冷凍機(jī)房、消防通道、變配電室、煤氣調(diào)壓室、衛(wèi)星電視接收機(jī)房、空調(diào)機(jī)房、熱水鍋爐房、電梯工休息室、值班警衛(wèi)室、物業(yè)管理用房等，以及其他功能上為該建筑服務(wù)的專用設(shè)備用房，套與公用建筑空間之間的分隔墻及外墻（包括山墻、墻體面積水平投影面積的一半。）不應(yīng)計(jì)入的公用建筑空間有：倉(cāng)庫(kù)、機(jī)動(dòng)車庫(kù)、非機(jī)動(dòng)車庫(kù)、車道、供暖鍋爐房、作為人防工程地下室、單獨(dú)具備使用功能的獨(dú)立使用空間，售房單位自營(yíng)、自用的房屋，為多幢房屋服務(wù)的警衛(wèi)室、管理（包括物業(yè)管理用房）。

不應(yīng)分?jǐn)偟墓灿薪ㄖ娣e：包括從屬于人防工程的地下室、半地下室；供出租或出售的固定車位或?qū)Ｓ密噹?kù)；幢外的用做公共休憩的設(shè)施或架空層。

公用建筑面積的分?jǐn)偡椒ǎ憾鄬幼≌枰惹蟪稣狈课莺凸灿薪ㄖ娣e分?jǐn)傁禂?shù)，再按幢內(nèi)的各套內(nèi)建筑面積比例分?jǐn)?。多功能綜合樓須先求出整幢房屋和幢內(nèi)不同功能區(qū)的共有建筑面積分?jǐn)傁禂?shù)，再按幢內(nèi)各功能區(qū)內(nèi)建筑面積比例分?jǐn)?。居住區(qū)公共建筑用地指居住區(qū)內(nèi)有明確界限的公共建筑用地。如托幼、學(xué)校等均按實(shí)際使用界限計(jì)算，沿路時(shí)應(yīng)算到路邊。無(wú)明顯界限的公共 建筑，則按實(shí)際占用地計(jì)算，有時(shí)也按定額計(jì)算。

房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)指所有者對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)的占有、使用、收益和處分，并排除他人干涉的權(quán)能，是物權(quán)的一種。房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)指房產(chǎn)的所有者，按國(guó)家法律規(guī)定所享有的權(quán)利。租賃權(quán)是指房屋所有權(quán)人有將其房屋租賃給他人的權(quán)利。房屋租賃，是指房屋的所有人作為出租人將其房屋出租給承租人使用，由承租人支付租金的行為。承租人取得房屋使用權(quán)后，未經(jīng)出租人同意不得隨便處置所承租的房屋，除非租賃合同另有規(guī)定，否則就是違法行為。抵押權(quán)是指房屋所有權(quán)認(rèn)有將其房屋抵押給他人的權(quán)利。房屋抵押是指抵押人以其合法的房屋以不轉(zhuǎn)移占有的方式提供債務(wù)履行擔(dān)保的行為。債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)時(shí)，抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)依法以抵押的房屋拍賣所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。

用益權(quán)亦稱“用益物權(quán)”。指對(duì)他人的物品有 使用和收益權(quán)利。如租借他人的房屋，有使 用該房屋權(quán)利。用益權(quán)包括典權(quán)、永佃權(quán)、地上權(quán)、地役權(quán)等。

住宅所有權(quán)住宅所有權(quán)是指住宅建筑本身和其附屬設(shè)備的所有權(quán)。不包括宅基地和院地。

土地使用權(quán)是指土地使用者在法律允許范圍內(nèi)對(duì)依法交由其使用的國(guó)有土地或者集體土地的占有、使用以及部分收益、處分的權(quán)利。

房屋的所有權(quán)房屋的所有權(quán)為房屋的占有權(quán)、管理權(quán)、享用權(quán)、排他權(quán)、處置權(quán)（包括出售、出租、抵押、贈(zèng)與、繼承）的總和。擁有了房屋的所有權(quán)就等于擁有了在法律允許范圍內(nèi)的一切權(quán)利。

取得房屋所有權(quán)的方式有很多，現(xiàn)歸納如下：

1、依法新建的房屋；

2、添附的房屋，如翻建、擴(kuò)建、加層等；

3、通過(guò)買賣、贈(zèng)與、互換等民事法律行為取得所有權(quán)的房屋；

4、繼承或受遺的房屋。

前兩種方式稱為公民房屋所有權(quán)原始取得方式，即直接根據(jù)法律的規(guī)定取得的所有權(quán)；后兩種方式稱為公民房屋所有權(quán)繼受取得，即公民通過(guò)某種民事法律行為從原所有人那里取得房屋所有權(quán)。

。世界自然基金會(huì)年會(huì)上的一篇環(huán)保主題演講

diversity and abundance of life on Earth豐富度和多樣性 Kofi Annan科菲-安南

Jim Leape 吉姆-李普

Director General of WWF-International世界自然基金會(huì)全球總干事 Carter Roberts 卡特-羅伯茨 social worker 社會(huì)工作者 bottling company 裝瓶廠 water conservation 水資源保護(hù) water challenge 水資源挑戰(zhàn)

environmental sustainability 環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力 sustainable harvesting plan 可持續(xù)采伐計(jì)劃 product portfolio 產(chǎn)品組合

enlightened self-interest 開明的自利

可口可樂(lè)總裁兼首席營(yíng)運(yùn)官穆泰康還提到了可口可樂(lè)公司最重要的5p經(jīng)營(yíng)理念：People(人才）、Planet（地球）、Profit（利潤(rùn)）、portfolio（產(chǎn)品）、Partner（伙伴）

strategic vision 戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想

UN Global Compact 聯(lián)合國(guó)全球契約 environmental priorities 環(huán)境優(yōu)先 Kyoto Protocol 《京都議定書》 HFC 氫氟化碳

rain water harvesting 蓄集雨水 water availability 水資源可利用量 rivers and streams 河流與溪流 water cycle 水循環(huán)

climate protection 氣候保護(hù) water sustainable 水資源可持續(xù)利用 NGOs 非政府組織

the most endangered 最瀕危物種

人力資源方面的詞匯

personal specification 個(gè)人能力描述 job criteria 工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn) job match 職位匹配 best practice 最優(yōu)實(shí)踐 work requirements 工作要求 performance standard 績(jī)效標(biāo)準(zhǔn) political affiliation 政治面貌 employment practice 雇用實(shí)踐 mental disability 智力殘疾 medical condition 體格狀況 racial slur 種族蔑稱

discriminatory practices 歧視性的做法 work site 工作場(chǎng)地

disciplinary action紀(jì)律處分

英文報(bào)刊常用術(shù)語(yǔ)

accredited journalist n.特派記者 advertisement n．廣告 ． advance n．預(yù)發(fā)消息；預(yù)寫消息 affair n．桃色新聞；緋聞 anecdote n．趣聞?shì)W事 assignment n．采寫任務(wù)

attribution n.消息出處，消息來(lái)源 back alley news n.小道消息 backgrounding n．新聞背景

Bad news travels quickly.壞事傳千里。banner n．通欄標(biāo)題 beat n．采寫范圍 blank vt.“開天窗” body n.新聞?wù)?boil vt．壓縮(篇幅)box n.花邊新聞 brief n.簡(jiǎn)訊 bulletin n．新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào) byline n.署名文章 caption n．圖片說(shuō)明 caricature n．漫畫 carry vt．刊登 cartoon n．漫畫

censor vt.審查(新聞稿件)，新聞審查 chart n．每周流行音樂(lè)排行版 clipping n．剪報(bào) column n．專欄；欄目 columnist n．專欄作家

continued story 連載故事;連載小說(shuō) contributing editor 特約編輯

contribution n．(投給報(bào)刊的)稿件;投稿 contributor n．投稿人 copy desk n．新聞編輯部 copy editor n．文字編輯 correction n．更正(啟事)correspondence column讀者來(lái)信專欄 correspondent n.駐外記者；常駐外埠記者 cover vt．采訪;采寫

covert coverage 隱性采訪;秘密采訪 crop vt．剪輯(圖片)crusade n．宣傳攻勢(shì) cut n．插圖 vt．刪減(字?jǐn)?shù))cut line n．插圖說(shuō)明 daily n．日?qǐng)?bào) dateline n．新聞電頭 deadline n．截稿時(shí)間

dig vt．深入采訪；追蹤(新聞線索)；“挖”(新聞)digest n．文摘 editorial n．社論 editorial office 編輯部 editor's notes 編者按 exclusive n．獨(dú)家新聞 expose n．揭丑新聞；新聞曝光 extra n．號(hào)外

eye-account n．目擊記;記者見聞 faxed photo 傳真照片 feature n．特寫；專稿 feedback n．信息反饋 file n．發(fā)送消息；發(fā)稿 filler n．補(bǔ)白

First Amendment(美國(guó)憲法)第一修正案(內(nèi)容有關(guān)新聞、出版自由等)five “W's” of news 新聞五要素 flag n．報(bào)頭;報(bào)名

folo(=follow-up)n．連續(xù)報(bào)道 Fourth Estate 第四等級(jí)(新聞界的別稱)freedom of the Press 新聞自由 free-lancer n．自由撰稿人 full position 醒目位置

Good news comes on crutches.好事不出門。grapevine n．小道消息 gutter n．中縫 hard news 硬新聞;純消息 headline n．新聞標(biāo)題；內(nèi)容提要 hearsay n．小道消息 highlights n.要聞 hot news 熱點(diǎn)新聞 human interest 人情味 in-depth reporting 深度報(bào)道 insert n.& vt．插補(bǔ)段落;插稿 interpretative reporting 解釋性報(bào)道 invasion of privacy 侵犯隱私(權(quán))inverted pyramid 倒金字塔(寫作結(jié)構(gòu))investigative reporting 調(diào)查性報(bào)道 journalism n．新聞業(yè);新聞學(xué)

Journalism is literature in a hurry 新聞是急就文學(xué)． journalist n．新聞?dòng)浾?kill vt．退棄(稿件)；槍斃(稿件)layout n．版面編排；版面設(shè)計(jì) lead n．導(dǎo)語(yǔ) libel n.誹謗(罪)makeup n.版面設(shè)計(jì)

man of the year 年度新聞人物，年度風(fēng)云人物 mass communication 大眾傳播(學(xué))mass media 大眾傳播媒介 master head n．報(bào)頭;報(bào)名 media n.媒介，媒體

Mere report is not enough to go upon．僅是傳聞不足為憑． morgue n．報(bào)刊資料室 news agency 通訊社 news clue 新聞線索

news peg 新聞線索，新聞電頭 newsprint n．新聞紙 news value 新聞價(jià)值

No news is good news．沒有消息就是好消息；不聞兇訊便是吉。nose for news 新聞敏感 obituary n．訃告 objectivity n．客觀性 off the record 不宜公開報(bào)道 opinion poll 民意瀏驗(yàn) periodical n．期刊 pipeline n．匿名消息來(lái)源

popular paper 大眾化報(bào)紙；通俗報(bào)紙 press n．報(bào)界；新聞界

press conference 新聞發(fā)布會(huì);記者招待臺(tái) press law 新聞法

press release 新聞公告;新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào) PR man 公關(guān)先生

profile n.人物專訪；人物特寫 proofreader n．校對(duì)員 pseudo event 假新聞

quality paper 高級(jí)報(bào)紙；嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙 quarterly n．季刊 readability n．可讀性 reader's interest 讀者興越 reject vt．退棄(稿件)remuneration n.稿費(fèi);稿酬 reporter n．記者

rewrite vt.改寫(稿件)，改稿 round-up n．綜合消息 scandal n．丑聞

scoop vt.“搶”(新聞)n．獨(dú)家新聞 sensational a．聳人聽聞的；具有轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)的 sex scandal 桃色新聞 sidebar n．花絮新聞 slant n．主觀報(bào)道；片面報(bào)道 slink ink “爬格子” soft news 軟新聞

source n．新聞來(lái)源；消息靈通人士 spike vt．退棄(稿件)；“槍斃”(稿件)stone vt．拼版

story n．消息;稿件;文章 stringer n．特約記者;通訊員 subhead n．小標(biāo)題；副標(biāo)題 supplement n．號(hào)外;副刊;增刊 suspended interest 懸念 thumbnail n．“豆腐干”(文章)timeliness n．時(shí)效性;時(shí)新性 tip n．內(nèi)幕新聞；秘密消息 trim n.刪改(稿件)update n．更新(新聞內(nèi)容)，增強(qiáng)(時(shí)效性)watchdog n.&vt.輿論監(jiān)督 weekly n．周報(bào)

wire service n．通訊社

房地產(chǎn)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

按揭貸款 mortgage loan 按揭購(gòu)房 to buy a house on mortgage;to mortgage a house 房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate 安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project 板樓，板式樓 slab-type apartment building 搬遷戶 a relocated unit or household 拆遷補(bǔ)償費(fèi) compensation for demolition 拆遷費(fèi)用 removal expense 城鎮(zhèn)住房公積金 urban housing provident fund 低價(jià)住房 low-cost housing 二手房 second-hand house 房產(chǎn)估價(jià)師 realestate evaluator 房產(chǎn)證 property ownership certificate 房屋置換 buy or exchange houses 炒房者realestate speculator 房改 housing system reform 房管 realestate management 房權(quán)證 property right certificate 房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng) realestate market 房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 個(gè)人購(gòu)房貸款 individual housing loan 公房商品化 commercialization of public housing

集資房 houses built with funds collected by the buyers 居民住房建設(shè) residential construction 人均住房per-capital housing 現(xiàn)房 complete dapartment(or flat)期房 forward delivery housing 商品房 commercial residential building

商品房空置 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house 住房補(bǔ)貼 rental allowance;housing allowance

住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation land efficiency 土地效益, projecting parameter 規(guī)劃參數(shù) government assignment 政府劃撥 tract 大片土地

prerequisitioned land 預(yù)征土地

planning permit of construction engineering 建設(shè)工程規(guī)劃許可證 property trust 物業(yè)信托

equity 權(quán)益

mortgage lender 抵押放貸者

vacancy 空房

discounted cash flow models 折現(xiàn)值現(xiàn)金流量模型

expectation 期望值

letting 出租

equity reversion 權(quán)益回收

entrepreneur 倡導(dǎo)者，企業(yè)家

coliseum 大體育場(chǎng)，大劇院

chambers（商業(yè)資本家聯(lián)合組織的）會(huì)所

arena 室內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)

amenities 便利設(shè)施

condominium 個(gè)人占有公寓房，一套公寓房的個(gè)人所有權(quán)

tenement 分租合住的經(jīng)濟(jì)公寓

community 社區(qū)

downzone 降低區(qū)劃規(guī)模

housing residences住宅 property 物業(yè)，資產(chǎn)

interest 產(chǎn)權(quán)

open market value 公開市場(chǎng)價(jià)值

leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的財(cái)產(chǎn)）

on a residual basis 剩余法

cost of development 開發(fā)費(fèi)（指拆遷費(fèi)，七通一平費(fèi)等）

floor area 建筑面積

title document 契約文書

plaza 購(gòu)物中心

land use certificate 土地使用證

commercial/residential complex 商住綜合樓

land use fee 土地使用費(fèi)（獲得土地使用權(quán)后，每年支付國(guó)家的使用土地費(fèi)用）

Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用權(quán)出讓合同

plot ratio 容積率

site coverage 建筑密度

land use term 土地使用期

project approval 項(xiàng)目許可

strata-title 分層所有權(quán)

public utilities 公共設(shè)施

urban planning 城市規(guī)劃

state-owned land 國(guó)有土地

the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局

infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

中國(guó)學(xué)歷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯(修訂版)中國(guó)的學(xué)位制度

普通高等學(xué)校 Regular Institutions of Higher Education 普通中等學(xué)校 Secondary Schools

中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 Specialized Secondary Schools 中等技術(shù)學(xué)校 Technical Secondary Schools 中等師范學(xué)校 Teacher Secondary Schools 普通中學(xué) Regular Secondary Schools 高 中 Senior Secondary Schools 初 中 Junior Secondary Schools 職業(yè)中學(xué) Vocational Secondary Schools 小 學(xué) Primary Schools 幼兒園 Kindergartens 特殊教育 Special Schools 結(jié)業(yè)證書 Certificate of Completion 畢業(yè)證書 Certificate of Graduation

肄業(yè)證書 Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/ Attendance/Study

教育學(xué)院 College/Institute of Education 中學(xué) Middle[Secondary] School

師范學(xué)校 Normal School[upper secondary level] 師范專科學(xué)校 Normal Specialised Postsecondary College 師范大學(xué) Normal[Teachers] University 公正書 Notarial Certificate

?？茖W(xué)校 Postsecondary Specialised College 廣播電視大學(xué) Radio and Television University 中等?？茖W(xué)校 Secondary Specialised School 自學(xué)考試 Self-Study Examination

技工學(xué)校 Skilled Workers[Training] School 業(yè)余大學(xué) Spare-Time University 職工大學(xué) Staff and Workers University 大學(xué) University(regular,degree-granting)職業(yè)大學(xué) Vocational University

繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院Institute of Continuing Education

國(guó)際成人教育協(xié)會(huì)（ICAE：InternationalCouncil for Adult Education）.成人教育Adult Education 高等專科學(xué)校，各地有不同翻譯。比如，洛陽(yáng)工業(yè)高等?？茖W(xué)校 Luoyang Technology College江西省高等專科學(xué)校 Jiangxi Province High Training School

第二篇：清明節(jié) 英語(yǔ)介紹及詞匯

The Qingming Festival

Key Words 1.清明節(jié) the Qingming Festival 2.24 節(jié)氣

the 24 seasonal division points 3.春耕播種

spring plowing and sowing 4.祭祖

to offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 5.掃墓

to sweep the tombs(of the deceased)6.寒食節(jié)

the Hanshi / Cold Food Festival 7.公墓

public cemeteries 8.在墓碑前祭拜

to bow before the memorial tablet 9.焚香 to burn incense 10.燒紙錢 to burn paper money 11.春游的習(xí)俗 the custom of Spring outings 12.放風(fēng)箏

to fly kites(kite flying)13.一串小燈籠 a string of little lanterns 14.植樹，樹苗 to plan trees, saplings 15.植樹節(jié) the Arbor Day 16.秋千 a swing 17.踏青 stepping the green 18.孝順

(to practice)filial piety 19.健身 body-building 20.拔河 tug of war 21.斗雞 rooster-fighting

The Qingming Festival

The Qingming Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year.After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases.It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing.But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work;it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice.Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased.Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi(Cold Food)Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival.As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined.On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices.Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed.The customs have been greatly simplified today.After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day.The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively.Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings.At this time tourists are everywhere.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival.Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival.Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night.A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called “god's lanterns.”

The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.In the past, the Qingming Festival was called “Arbor Day”.But since 1979, “Arbor Day” was settled as March 12 according to the Gregorian calendar.Qingming Festival Activities

Swing

Swing is a kind of game utensils.Swinging is a sport that the player swings back and forth with a tread plate hung on a frame by long ropes.The origin of swing can be traced back to some 100,000 years ago.Climbing trees or crossing streams is the most primitive embryonic form of swinging.Later in the Spring and Autumn Period(770 BC to 476 years ago), the swing consisting of a tread plated hung on the frame by ropes was introduced into the Central Plains area.Since the Han dynasty(206 BC to 220 AD), swinging had gradually became a folk activity performed at the Tomb Sweeping Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and other festivals until present day.Swinging can be categorized into the single swing, double swing, standing swing and sitting swing.Each village has its own master swinging player and sometimes competitions are held.The one swinging highest with the most beautiful movements will receive praise from neighbors.Swinging days are often good opportunities for young men and women to encounter and interact.Swing, as the folk traditional sport with a history of several thousand years still maintains its vitality nowadays.Kite-flying

The custom of kite-flying prevails during the Tomb Sweeping Day(around April 5th).The bamboo crossbow of the kite vibrates with a buzz as it rises aloft on the power of its tail.Big kites can be as broad as about three metres square with a tail of six to ten metres.Most kites have a rectangular shape.The rest are patterned as crabs, centipedes, butterflies and dragonflies, or Chinese characters such as “fortune” or “l(fā)ongevity”.All kites are constructed with fine craftsmanship.When flown in the evening, they have lights attached to their tails and some have as many as three to five lights strung together.Stepping-the-green

“Stepping-the-green” refers to the spring-outgoing people talk about now.Qingming is in early March when it begins to turn warm, and everything is blooming.So it is just a good time to go out for a walk.And so Qingming is not just a blue time for remembrance, but also a green time for fun.Tomb-sweeping

Tomb-sweeping is the main observance of the Qingming Festival.Tomb-sweeping is the concrete expression of practicing filial piety, which has been emphasizing by the Chinese people since ancient times.Therefore, the Qingming Festival has been an important day for the Chinese since early times.Tomb-sweeping activities are usually done two days before Qingming or the ten days after.On the day of tomb sweeping, the descendants would clear the wild grass around the ancestor's tomb, clean the dust, and then present the food and fresh flowers.Tomb Sweeping Day, also called “Cold Food Day”, is the most important day for people to offer sacrifice to ancestors.It started from the Zhou Dynasty, with a history of over 2500 years.Qingming is one of the 24 solar terms in China, indicating the coming of late spring, thus the best plowing and growing time, while “Cold Food Day” is a day when folks sweep the ancestors' tombs and eat cold food.Qingming was adjacent to Cold Food Day, so later on they gradually became one festival, and thus “Cold Food” became another name for Qingming, and dusting the tomb and eating cold food turned into the customs of Qing Ming.Qing Ming has evolved into a culture-rich and meaning-deep remembrance day.Since people with weak constitutions might get hurt by eating cold raw food on Qingming, when the weather is still cold, various activities were invented for body-building, like stepping-the-green outgoing, swing, Chinese football(蹴鞠cù jū), polo, willow-planting, tug-of-war, and rooster-fighting, etc.明是我國(guó)的二十四節(jié)氣之一。由于二十四節(jié)氣比較客觀地反映了一年四季氣溫、降雨、物候等方面的變化，所以古代勞動(dòng)人民用它安排農(nóng)事活動(dòng)。但是，清明作為節(jié)日，與純粹的節(jié)氣又有所不同。節(jié)氣是我國(guó)物候變化、時(shí)令順序的標(biāo)志，而節(jié)日則包含著一定的風(fēng)俗活動(dòng)和某種紀(jì)念意義。因此，這個(gè)節(jié)日中既有祭掃新墳生別死離的悲酸淚，又有踏青游玩的歡笑聲，是一個(gè)富有特色的節(jié)日。

清明節(jié)是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也是最重要的祭祀節(jié)日，是祭祖和掃墓的日子。掃墓俗稱上墳，祭祀死者的一種活動(dòng)。漢族和一些少數(shù)民族大多都是在清明節(jié)掃墓。由于清明與寒食的日子接近，而寒食是民間禁火掃墓的日子，漸漸的，寒食與清明就合二為一了，而寒食既成為清明的別稱，也變成為清明時(shí)節(jié)的一個(gè)習(xí)俗，清明之日不動(dòng)煙火，只吃涼的食品。

按照舊的習(xí)俗，掃墓時(shí)，人們要攜帶酒食果品、紙錢等物品到墓地，將食物供祭在親人墓前，再將紙錢焚化，為墳?zāi)古嗌闲峦?，折幾枝嫩綠的新枝插在墳上，然后叩頭行禮祭拜，最后吃掉酒食回家。與清明節(jié)掃墓的悲哀相反，人們?cè)谶@個(gè)春光明媚的日子里，也一樣是可以享受生活的。

放風(fēng)箏也是清明時(shí)節(jié)人們所喜愛的活動(dòng)。每逢清明時(shí)節(jié)，人們不僅白天放，夜間也放。夜里在風(fēng)箏下或風(fēng)穩(wěn)拉線上掛上一串串彩色的小燈籠，象閃爍的明星，被稱為“神燈”。

清明前后，春陽(yáng)照臨，春陽(yáng)照臨，春雨飛灑，種植樹苗成活率高，成長(zhǎng)快。因此，自古以來(lái)，我國(guó)就有清明植樹的習(xí)慣。有人還把清明節(jié)叫作“植樹節(jié)”。植樹風(fēng)俗一直流傳至今。1979年，人大常委會(huì)規(guī)定，每年三月十二日為我國(guó)植樹節(jié)。這對(duì)動(dòng)員全國(guó)各族人民積極開展綠化祖國(guó)活動(dòng)，有著十分重要的意義。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)常用詞匯及短語(yǔ)

都是練習(xí)題和真題里反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的高頻詞，好好背下來(lái)啦—— in advance 事先；提前 on purpose 故意

adjust to(使)適應(yīng)于，把...調(diào)節(jié)到 apply for 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求

assign to 指派，選派 attempt at 企圖，努力

attribute to 把...歸因于，歸咎于 belong to屬于

benefit from 受益，獲益 burst out + V-ing 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)作 catch up with 趕上

combine with 結(jié)合，聯(lián)合，化合

concentrate on 集中，專心 cope with 對(duì)付，應(yīng)付 count on 倚靠，指望

deal with 處理，論述，涉及

dedicate to 奉獻(xiàn)，把...用在 depend on/upon 依靠，信賴，取決于 differ from 不同

engage in 使從事于，使忙于

equip with 裝備，配備

exchange for 交換，調(diào)換，兌換

figure out 計(jì)算出；領(lǐng)會(huì)到 find out 查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)

focus on(使)聚焦，(使)集中 hear of/about 聽到

hear from 收到...的(來(lái)信)can/could not help +V-ing 禁不住，忍不住 hinder from 阻止，妨礙 involve in 卷入，陷入；牽涉，包含

leave behind 留下，忘記帶 major in 主修，專攻

object to 反對(duì)，不贊成 persist in 堅(jiān)持不懈，執(zhí)意；持續(xù)

plunge into 縱身投入，跳入；猛沖； point out 指出

remind sb.of sth.使想起 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事

resort to 求助；訴諸于，采取，憑借 respond to 響應(yīng)，回答 result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是 select from 挑選，選擇

separate from(使)分離；(使)分開 settle down 定居；解決，調(diào)停

share with 分與，分派，分配，分享，共用 specialize in 擅長(zhǎng)于，專門研究，專攻 suffer from 忍受，遭受；使痛苦，患??； switch off 切斷，(用開關(guān))關(guān)掉 switch on 接通，(用開關(guān))開起 affect v.影響，傳染，感動(dòng) effort n.努力 effect n.結(jié)果，影響

effective adj.有效的；卓有成效 apply v.申請(qǐng)

application n.申請(qǐng)書 applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 aware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的

unaware adj.沒有意識(shí)到的（反義詞）appreciate v.欣賞，感謝，正確評(píng)價(jià) appreciation n.欣賞，感謝

benefit n.益處，好處 v.有益于，受益 campus n.（大學(xué)）校園

candidate n.候選人，報(bào)考者，申請(qǐng)者 capable adj.有能力的，能干的 career n.職業(yè)，生涯，經(jīng)歷 case n.案例，情況，事實(shí)，病例

challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務(wù) v.挑戰(zhàn)，要求試 common adj.共同的 character n.性格

chase v./n.追逐，追求，尋覓 contract v.收縮，縮小 n.合同，契約 cheat v./n.欺騙，作弊，騙子，欺騙行為 check v./n.檢查，核對(duì) n.支票 circumstance n.情況，形勢(shì)，境遇 complain v.抱怨，申訴 complaint n.抱怨，申訴，疾病

compete v.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽 competition n.比賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

competitive adj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的；充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的

convenient adj.方便的，舒適的 convenience n.便利，方便，公共廁所

create v.創(chuàng)造，產(chǎn)生 credit n.信貸，信任 v.信任

crisis n.危機(jī)，決定性時(shí)刻，轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)（pl.crises）critical adj.決定性的，批判的，危急的 criticize/-ise v.批評(píng)，評(píng)論，指責(zé) cultivate v.栽培，培養(yǎng)，耕作 culture n.文化，教養(yǎng) curiosity n.好奇心 custom n.習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗 customer n.顧客

direction n.方向，方位 disappear v.不見，消失 disaster n.災(zāi)難，大禍 discourage v.使氣餒，阻礙 emotion n.情感，激情，情緒

emphasis v./n.強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn)

encourage v.鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)

enforce v.實(shí)施，生效，強(qiáng)迫，執(zhí)行，加強(qiáng) enlarge v.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，詳述 ensure v.保證，擔(dān)保，確定 enable v.是能夠，使有能力 enrich v.使豐富 強(qiáng)烈建議：

備考期間，這些詞組，不是你應(yīng)該會(huì)背的，而是應(yīng)該熟練應(yīng)用的，so take some time and try to use them!be absent from...缺席，不在 be absorbed in全神貫注于……近： be lost in； be concentrated on； be focused on

take...into account(＝consideration)把……考慮進(jìn)去 ahead of time提前

confess to a crime承認(rèn)罪行 have confidence in對(duì)……有信心 be confident of有信心 confidential機(jī)密的take...into consideration(=take...into account)考慮到，把……考慮進(jìn)去 considerate(＝thoughtful of the needs)體貼的，考慮他人需要的，considerable相當(dāng)大的，值得考慮的contrast...with...把……與……相對(duì)(對(duì)照)in contrast to/with和……形成對(duì)比 by contrast對(duì)比之下

take sth.under control(被)控制住 out of control無(wú)法控制

be convenient to/for對(duì)……方便

cope with(＝deal with，try to find a solution to)應(yīng)付，處理 at all costs不惜任何代價(jià) at the cost of以……為代價(jià)

emerge from(＝appear，become known)出現(xiàn)，暴露(問(wèn)題，意見等)end up with以……而結(jié)束

engage in或be engaged in忙于，從事 be equipped with裝備有，裝有

except(＝but)除了

except for(＝apart from)除……以外 be good for對(duì)……有好處；對(duì)……有作用

be good at擅長(zhǎng)于； be good to對(duì)……好

take...for granted(＝assume to be true)把……認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的 be in the habit of習(xí)慣于

get(fall)into the habit of養(yǎng)成了……的習(xí)慣 live from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)度日，現(xiàn)掙現(xiàn)吃 at heart(＝in reality)內(nèi)心里，實(shí)際上 in one's heart(of hearts)內(nèi)心深處，事實(shí)上 by heart(＝by memory)熟記，背(誦)with all one's heart全心全意地，真心實(shí)意

be ignorant of(＝lacking knowledge)對(duì)……不了解，不知道 make(leave)an impression on sb.＝give sb.an impression給……留下印象 make the most(use)of充分利用 gift talent by nature天生的，生來(lái) in nature本質(zhì)上 natural

name after用……的名字命名 none other than不是別人，正是…… nothing but只有，不過(guò)……而已

it occurs to sb.that...某人想到……

all at once(＝suddenly，now)立即，馬上 once in a while(＝occasionally)偶爾 in order井井有條，處于良好狀態(tài)；

out of order(＝in bad condition)出毛病，發(fā)生故障

participate in(＝take part in)參加 be patient with對(duì)……耐心

perform on the piano(＝play the piano)演奏鋼琴 persist in堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)

in person親自，當(dāng)面

come to the point談主要問(wèn)題

there is no point in doing sth.沒必要做某事 point at(＝indicate，direct attention)指著 point out(＝indicate，show)指出，指明 popular with/among大眾所喜愛的，擁戴

resort to訴諸于……，求助于……

resort to force訴諸于武力

respond to對(duì)……反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)，對(duì)(藥)有效 in response to(＝as an answer to)回答，反應(yīng)

be responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是造成……原因 result in(＝cause)導(dǎo)致 with the result that其結(jié)果是 in return(for)作為報(bào)答；以報(bào)答(for)get rid of擺脫，去掉，除去 be in the right正確的；

in the wrong錯(cuò)誤的

give rise to(＝lead to)引起，導(dǎo)致

at the risk of(＝with danger of)冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

for the sake of(＝for the good or advantage of)為了……起見 be satisfied with滿意 on a large scale大規(guī)模地

on schedule 按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)

ahead of schedule提前；in advance預(yù)先； behind schedule落后于計(jì)劃進(jìn)度，晚于規(guī)定時(shí)間

in search of尋找；

in honor of為了表示對(duì)……敬意； in memory of為了紀(jì)念……； in pursuit of追求……；

on behalf of代表……的利益； in favor of贊成……； in season 旺季

in secret秘密地； in private私下

share sth.with與……分享，分擔(dān)，分?jǐn)?，共?be sorry about/for懊悔的，后悔的，難過(guò)的 specialize in專門研究，專攻 in spite of(＝despite)盡管

stick to粘著，堅(jiān)持

stick to one's friend忠于朋友

stick at(＝continue to work hard at)繼續(xù)勤奮地致力于……； stick at one's books勤奮讀書

be strict with對(duì)……嚴(yán)格要求 be/go on strike罷工

suffer from患……病；受……苦痛 be suitable for(＝fit)適合……的 be surprised at對(duì)……驚奇； take...by surprise使……驚奇； to one's surprise使某人驚奇 in good taste大方，得體；(反意)in bad taste小家子氣

in terms of(＝with regard to；respectively)按照，根據(jù)，在……方面 think of(＝have the idea of)想到；(＝consider)考慮；(＝remember)想起 on second thoughts經(jīng)再三考慮之后 at the thought of一想到……

for the time being(＝temporarily)暫時(shí) in time(for)及時(shí) on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) at no time無(wú)論何時(shí)也不…… in on time(＝very quickly)立即，馬上 at times(＝occasionally)間或，時(shí)常

at all times(＝always)始終，總是 be in use(＝be used)被使用；

be out of use(＝be on longer used)不再被使用

be used to＋V-ing習(xí)慣于 used to＋動(dòng)詞原形(過(guò)去常常做)

in vain(＝uselessly)徒勞

be in the way(＝obstructive)礙事，阻礙 by way of(＝by going through)經(jīng)由，取道 by the way(＝in addition)順帶地(轉(zhuǎn)移話題)in no way無(wú)論怎樣也不…… in a way從某種程度上說(shuō)

against one's will違心地，違背意愿地 in a word總之； in other words換言之； have a word with sb.談一談； have words with sb.爭(zhēng)吵； hav the last word有決定權(quán)

第四篇：英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)詞匯及作文

1解決: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2損害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3給與：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培養(yǎng)：：Develop, cultivate, foster5優(yōu)勢(shì)：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9 認(rèn)為：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10 保護(hù)：Protect, conserve, preserve11確保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 導(dǎo)致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增長(zhǎng)至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19保持穩(wěn)定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20 急劇地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平穩(wěn)地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22 宣稱：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 發(fā)生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 發(fā)展：Development, advance, progress26 有益的：Useful, helpful，beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27 影響：Influence, impact, effect28明顯的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30與…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31對(duì)比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33 大約：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波動(dòng)：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35事實(shí)上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36換言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題，其中之一便是____________。As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對(duì)于此類問(wèn)題，人們持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注............People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求職的過(guò)程中，人們慢慢意識(shí)到面試的重要性。

As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得___________的問(wèn)題，一直以來(lái)爭(zhēng)論不休。當(dāng)然，不同的人對(duì)此可能持不同的觀點(diǎn)。

In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的發(fā)展中，我們往往會(huì)陷入困境。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心______。

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人類進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。

......plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?“_______顯得非常重要而成為當(dāng)今世界所關(guān)注的最大的問(wèn)題，這是無(wú)可厚非的。不過(guò)，問(wèn)題是：”我們?cè)撊绾尉駬?“ Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 現(xiàn)在我們正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)的新時(shí)代。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問(wèn)題的解釋不盡相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法也不盡相同。When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...說(shuō)到______，有人認(rèn)為________，而另一些人則認(rèn)為__________。

Just as the saying goes: ”so many people, so many minds“.It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗話說(shuō)，”“。不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，不同的人持不同的觀點(diǎn)。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。

When it comes to..., most people believe

that..., but other people regard...as....提到_________問(wèn)題，很多人認(rèn)為_________，不過(guò)，一些人則認(rèn)為______是____.When faced with...., quite a few people claim that...., but other people think as...提到_________問(wèn)題，僅少數(shù)人認(rèn)為________，但另一些人則認(rèn)____。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of....There who criticize...argue that...., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，__問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判___的人認(rèn)為__，他們認(rèn)為____，不過(guò)，另一方面，贊同___的人則認(rèn)為___。

Some people are of the opinion that..有些人認(rèn)為_____________。

Many people claim that...很多人認(rèn)為_____________。

A majority of 絕大多數(shù)A large number of 很多人

Some people contend that...has proved to bring many advantages(disadvantages)

有些人認(rèn)為________有很多有利之處(不利之處)。

Those who argue for...say that...economic development of the cities.覺得_____的人認(rèn)為，______ 城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

Some people advocate that....有些人在堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_________。

They hold that...他們認(rèn)為_________。

People, who advocate that..., have their sound reasons(grounds)

堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為______的人也有其說(shuō)法(依據(jù))。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些從中受益的人對(duì)此大家褒獎(jiǎng)。

Those who strongly approve of...have cogent reasons for it.強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同_______的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that...有人會(huì)認(rèn)為___________。

People who support...give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_________觀點(diǎn)的人列出了如下原因：________。

But others hold the view that...但是，另外一些人則認(rèn)為_______。

觀點(diǎn)的用詞：Attitude, opinion, 與其搭配的動(dòng)詞以及詞組：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。

But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.不過(guò)，另一方面，也有少部分人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為______。But people who are..., on the other hand , maintain that...不過(guò)，另一方面，__的人認(rèn)為___。However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人對(duì)此有不同的看法。

問(wèn)題用詞：Issue, phenomenon，后接介詞, on, over等。

However, some others argue that...然而，另一些人則認(rèn)為_________。

However, there are also some others who contend that...然而，也有人認(rèn)為______。

But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不過(guò)，對(duì)于此，另一些人則持完全不同的觀點(diǎn)。

Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度來(lái)看這一問(wèn)題。

On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly...另一方面，也有很多反對(duì)的人，他們認(rèn)為_____________。

According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer...rather than..根據(jù)我的個(gè)性以及興趣，我選擇_______而不會(huì)選擇__________。

Personally, I side with the latter(former)opinion..就我個(gè)人而言，我支持后者(前者)________。

Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我個(gè)人而言，我較同意前一種看法。

To my point of view 我認(rèn)為

To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我認(rèn)為，優(yōu)點(diǎn)勝過(guò)缺點(diǎn)。

For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..就我而言，我較贊同后一種觀點(diǎn)__。

As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看來(lái)，我較同意后一種觀點(diǎn)。

After a thorough consideration, for my

part, I am in favor of the latter view that...經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮，我較支持后一種看法，亦即_____。

If asked to make a decision, I would prefer...如果真的需要作出選擇，我寧愿____。

展現(xiàn)問(wèn)題篇

問(wèn)題的常用詞：question, problem, issue

Recently, the issue of......has been brought into public focus.近來(lái)，_______的問(wèn)題引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice.現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時(shí)代，很多人對(duì)某些傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很大改變。

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來(lái)，是否_______的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為_____而另一些人則認(rèn)為_______。其實(shí)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都其可取之處。

People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題，我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。

People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問(wèn)題的解釋不盡相同。

The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法也不盡相同。

When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer..說(shuō)到______，有人認(rèn)為________，而另一些人則認(rèn)為__________。

Just as the saying goes: ”so many people, so many minds“.It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person俗話說(shuō)，”"。不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes 對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，不同的人持不同的觀點(diǎn)。

There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that..萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑，________。

When it comes to..., most people believe that..., but other people regard...as....提到______問(wèn)題，很多人認(rèn)為______，不過(guò)，一些人則認(rèn)為______是____.When faced with...quite a few people claim that...., but other people think as...提到__問(wèn)題，僅少數(shù)人認(rèn)為__，但另一些人則認(rèn)為___。

There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of....There who criticize...argue that...., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that..目前，_______問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判____的人認(rèn)為_______，他們認(rèn)為_______，不過(guò)，另一方面，贊同_____的人則認(rèn)為______。

Some people contend that...has proved to bring many advantages(disadvantages)有些人認(rèn)為________有很多有利之處(不利之處)。

Those who argue for...say that...economic development of the cities.覺得_____的人認(rèn)為，______ 城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

Some people advocate that....有些人在堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_______。

They hold that...他們認(rèn)為______。

People, who advocate that..., have their sound reasons(grounds)

堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為______的人也有其說(shuō)法(依據(jù))。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些從中受益的人對(duì)此大家褒獎(jiǎng)。

Those who strongly approve of...have cogent reasons for it.強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同____的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that...有人會(huì)認(rèn)為__。

People who support...give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持______觀點(diǎn)的人列出了如下原因：____。

But others hold the view that...但是，另外一些人則認(rèn)為_______。

觀點(diǎn)的用詞：Attitude, opinion, 與其搭配的動(dòng)詞以及詞組：Take, have, come up with，set

forth, put forward等。

But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.不過(guò)，另一方面，也有少部分人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_______。

But people who are..., on the other hand , maintain that...過(guò)，另一方面，__的人認(rèn)為_____。

However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人對(duì)此有不同的看法。

問(wèn)題用詞：Issue, phenomenon，后接介詞, on, over等。

However, some others argue that...然而，另一些人則認(rèn)為_________。

However, there are also some others who contend that...然而，也有人認(rèn)為___。

But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不過(guò)，對(duì)于此，另一些人則持完全不同的觀點(diǎn)。

Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度來(lái)看這一問(wèn)題。

On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly...另一方面，也有很多反對(duì)的人，他們認(rèn)為_____________。

According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer...rather than...根據(jù)我的個(gè)性以及興趣，我選擇_______而不會(huì)選擇_______。

Personally, I side with the latter(former)opinion...就我個(gè)人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________。

Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我個(gè)人而言，我較同意前一種看法。

To my point of view 我認(rèn)為

To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我認(rèn)為，優(yōu)點(diǎn)勝過(guò)缺點(diǎn)。

For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..就我而言，我較贊同后一種觀點(diǎn)__。

As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看來(lái)，我較同意后一種觀點(diǎn)。

After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that...經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮，我較支持后一種看法，亦即_______

第五篇：教育詞匯

教育詞匯

半日制學(xué)校 half-day school;double shift school

初中 junior high school;junior middle school

附小 university elementary school附中 university secondary school分校 branch school

附小 university elementary school附中 attached middle school高等小學(xué) higher primary school

高中 secondary school;senior high school高中職業(yè)班 senior high school vocational classes

子弟學(xué)校 school for children of employees公立學(xué)校 common school;provided school;public school;publically funded school

國(guó)立學(xué)校 national school;nationally funded school

寄宿學(xué)校 boarding school

教會(huì)學(xué)校 mission school;missionary school津貼學(xué)校 subsidized school免費(fèi)公立學(xué)校 common school免費(fèi)學(xué)校 free school

女子寄宿學(xué)校 [America] woman's boarding school

平民學(xué)校 common school慈善學(xué)校 charity school

電機(jī)制造學(xué)校 electrical machinery school電器制造學(xué)校 electrical appliances manufacturing school

電氣工業(yè)學(xué)校 electrical engineering school電視學(xué)校 television school

二年制?？茖W(xué)校 two-year junior college工業(yè)學(xué)校 technical school;school of technology

工藝學(xué)校 polytechnic school

公立音樂(lè)學(xué)校 public conservatory

廣播學(xué)校 radio school;radio broadcasting school

航空工業(yè)學(xué)校 aeronautical engineering school

護(hù)理學(xué)校 nurses' training school;nursing school

化學(xué)工業(yè)學(xué)校 chemical engineering school機(jī)械制造學(xué)校 machine building school技工學(xué)校 industrial school

建筑工程學(xué)校 building engineering school軍事學(xué)校 military school

理工科專科學(xué)校 institute of technology美術(shù)工業(yè)學(xué)校 school for applied art

美術(shù)學(xué)校 fine arts school;school of fine arts財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院 institute of finance and economics船舶學(xué)院 shipping institute大學(xué) university;college

地質(zhì)學(xué)院 geological institute

電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting university

電影學(xué)院 cinema college;cinema institute二年制?？茖W(xué)院 junior college

法律學(xué)院 institute of law;college of law法學(xué)院 institute of law;college of law紡織工學(xué)院 textile engineering institute紡織機(jī)械學(xué)院 textile machinery college非傳統(tǒng)式大學(xué) antiversity

鋼鐵學(xué)院 iron and steel engineering institute高等學(xué)校 institutions of higher learning工程學(xué)院 engineering institute工學(xué)院 college of engineering工藝大學(xué) polytechnic university

工藝美術(shù)學(xué)院 institute of arts and crafts公路學(xué)院 highway institute

廣播學(xué)院 radio institute;radio broadcasting institute

安息日學(xué)校 Sabbath school;Sunday school半工半讀學(xué)校 part-work and part-study school

補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校 make-up school;supplementary school

殘障學(xué)校 cripple school;school for the physically disabled成人學(xué)校 adult school

成人夜校 night school for adults輔導(dǎo)學(xué)校 tutorial school婦孺學(xué)校 dame school貴族學(xué)校 exclusive school

函授學(xué)校 correspondence school教區(qū)學(xué)校 parochial school

教學(xué)點(diǎn) teaching school

流動(dòng)學(xué)校 ambulatory school聾啞學(xué)校 school for deaf-mutes露天學(xué)校 open-air school盲人學(xué)校 school for the blind

盲啞學(xué)校 blind & mute school;blind and dumb school

社團(tuán)學(xué)校 corporation school水上流動(dòng)學(xué)校 waterborne school

水上學(xué)校 shipboard school;world campus afloat

保留學(xué)籍 to retain one's status as a student筆試 written test;written examination

畢業(yè)典禮 graduation;graduation ceremony;commencement

畢業(yè)分配 job assignment on graduation畢業(yè)鑒定 graduation appraisal畢業(yè)考 graduation examination畢業(yè)論文 thesis;dissertation畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) graduation project畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)graduation field work

畢業(yè)證書 diploma;graduation certificate表?yè)P(yáng) to praise;to commend

表?yè)P(yáng)好人好事 to praise good people and good deeds

表?yè)P(yáng)信 commendatory letter病假 sick leave

補(bǔ)考 make-up examination;[America] make-up test

補(bǔ)課 to make up a missed lesson;to make up for missed classes

補(bǔ)習(xí)supplementary education不對(duì)題 impertinence;irrelevance不及格 failure;to fail測(cè)驗(yàn) quiz

安全圖釘 pushpin筆記本 notebook

筆架 penholder;pen rack筆盤 pen tray筆筒 pen case

裁紙刀 paper knife打洞機(jī) puncher打印臺(tái) stamp pad大頭針 pin

雕刻刀 graver訂書機(jī) stapler釘書針 staple鵝毛筆 quill

粉蠟筆 soft crayon;pastel鋼筆 pen

鋼筆座 pen stand黑板 blackboard畫筆 paintbrush

畫圖鉛筆 drawing pen回紋針 clip

班導(dǎo)師 teacher in charge of a class常務(wù)董事 standing director創(chuàng)辦人 founder

大專院校校長(zhǎng) president;chancellor;director [college or university]

代課教員 substitute teacher代理校長(zhǎng) acting president董事 director督學(xué) supervisor輔導(dǎo)員 supervisor

副教授 associate professor副校長(zhǎng) vice president顧問(wèn) adviser

合格教員 certificated teacher監(jiān)考員 proctor

兼職教授 part-time professor;part-time teacher

講師 instructor;lecturer

講座教授 professional lecturer交換教授 exchange professor教授 professor

教務(wù)長(zhǎng) dean of studies班長(zhǎng) class monitor

半工半讀生 part-time student半公費(fèi)生 demy

教育要面向現(xiàn)代化，面向世界，面向未來(lái)Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future

愛國(guó)主義教育 education in patriotism

國(guó)際主義教育 education in internationalism集體主義教育 education in collectivism共產(chǎn)主義教育 education in communism共產(chǎn)主義道德品質(zhì) communist ethics

政治思想教育 political and ideological education

五愛（愛祖國(guó)、愛人民、愛勞動(dòng)、愛科學(xué)、愛護(hù)公物）

“Five Love”: love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property.教書育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge

培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力

to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考的能力

to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自學(xué)能力

to foster the students' ability to study on their own

發(fā)揮學(xué)生主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness

自學(xué)成才 to become educated through independent study

啟發(fā)式 elicitation method(of teaching);Heuristic method

填鴨式教學(xué)法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

普及教育 universal education

義務(wù)教育 compulsory education;Free education

學(xué)前教育 preschool education初等教育 elementary education中等教育 secondary education高等教育 higher/tertiary education普遍教育 general education成人教育 adult education

職業(yè)技術(shù)教育 vocational and technical education

國(guó)家教育委員會(huì) State Education Commission

高等學(xué)校 institution of higher education綜合性大學(xué) comprehensive university文科大學(xué) university of liberal arts文科院校 colleges of art

理工科大學(xué) college/university of science and engineering

師范大學(xué) normal university;Teachers' university

師范學(xué)院 teachers' college

工業(yè)大學(xué) polytechnic university工業(yè)學(xué)院 engineering institute農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) agricultural university農(nóng)學(xué)院 agricultural college醫(yī)科大學(xué) medical university醫(yī)學(xué)院 medical college/school

中醫(yī)院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine

音樂(lè)學(xué)院 conservatory of music美術(shù)學(xué)院 academy of fine arts體育學(xué)院 physical culture institute分校 branch school重點(diǎn)學(xué)校 key school

業(yè)余學(xué)校 spare-time school

業(yè)余職工大學(xué) spare-time college for staff and workers

電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting university

函授學(xué)院 correspondence school

教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 teachers' college for vocational studies

成人夜校 night school for adults

業(yè)余藝術(shù)/體育學(xué)校 amateur arts/athletic school

半工半讀學(xué)校 part-work and part-study school

中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 secondary specialized school;Polytechnic school

中等技術(shù)學(xué)校 secondary technical school;Technical secondary school職業(yè)學(xué)校 vocational school附中 attached middle school

在職進(jìn)修班 in-service training course進(jìn)修班 class for advanced studies短訓(xùn)班 short-term training course專修科 special(training)course文憑 diplomas and certificates

考研熱 the craze for graduate school study應(yīng)試教育 the examination-oriented education義務(wù)教育 compulsory education

復(fù)合型人才 interdisciplinary talents文化底蘊(yùn) the rich cultural deposits大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) the university students’ innovative undertakings擴(kuò)招 expand enrollment被授予學(xué)

位 be granted a an official certificate from高分低能 good scores but low qualities片面追求升學(xué)

率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level退學(xué) drop out of the school

形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system教書育

人 impart knowledge and educate people因材施

教 teach students according to their aptitude德才兼

備 possess political integrity and professional ability品學(xué)兼

優(yōu) be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar

提高學(xué)生身心素

質(zhì) improve the health and psychological quality

適應(yīng)社會(huì)的改

變 adjust to the social changes quickly滿足社會(huì)的急

需 meet the urgent need of the society保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)

權(quán) protect the intellectual property才疏學(xué)

淺 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge

努力獲得精神文

明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress

減輕負(fù)擔(dān) reduce the heavy burdens更加有意義和豐富的生

活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic博導(dǎo) Ph.D.supervisor;doctoral advisor博士生 Ph.D candidate摻水文憑 diploma obtained by using unfair or unlawful means

成人中等職業(yè)技術(shù)教

育 adult secondary vocational and technical education

成人中等專科學(xué)

校 secondary specialized(technical)school for adults成人高

考 the national higher education exams for self-taught adults成人中等?？茖W(xué)

校 secondary specialized /technical school for adults大學(xué)生創(chuàng)

業(yè) university students' innovative undertaking大專生 junior college student大專文憑 associate degree

貸學(xué)金（助學(xué)貸款）student loan德才兼

備 have both political integrity and ability;people who possess both political integrityand professional ability

第二學(xué)位 second Bachelor's degree點(diǎn)名冊(cè) roll book

電大 college courses broadcast on television電子詞典 electronic dictionary定向招

生 enroll students who are pre-assigned to specific posts or areas

定向生 targeted-area student高材生 top student公務(wù)員 civil servant

歸國(guó)留學(xué)生 returned students

函授大學(xué) correspondence university計(jì)劃內(nèi)招生planned enrollment教工teachers and staff交流學(xué)者exchange scholar教書育人

impart knowledge and educate people教務(wù)處 dean's office

教學(xué)法pedagogy;teaching method教研室teaching and research division教育部社政司

Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education教育亂收費(fèi)

unauthorized collection of fees by educational institutions

教育質(zhì)量quality of education借讀生transient student

機(jī)讀形式machine-readable form進(jìn)修班class for further studies軍訓(xùn)

military training(intended for high school and college students）考研

take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

考研熱t(yī)he craze for graduate school

課件（教師多媒體教學(xué)演示片）courseware課間操exercise between classes客座教授guest professor老三

屆 junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968;school leavers of 1966~1968老年學(xué)校 school for the aged兩院院

士 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering留學(xué)咨詢 consulting on the study abroad錄取通知

書 letter of admission / acceptance letter論文答辯(thesis)oral defense錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線 entry score

模擬測(cè)試 mock test;simulated exam評(píng)職 professional evaluation

普通高等教育 regular higher education普通高

校 regular institutions of higher learning強(qiáng)化班 intensive training class人才市場(chǎng) the personnel market三好學(xué)生

merit student;three good student(good in study, attitude and health)

世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)(大運(yùn)會(huì)）

Universidad;college students' athletics meet雙向選擇two-way selection(referring to employer and employee choosing each other in a job market)

雙學(xué)位double degree;two Bachelor's degrees思想道德教育

ideological and moral education

特困 exceptional poverty;special difficulty同等學(xué)

力 have the same educational level(as the regular graduate or student of certainacademic qualification)文科 liberal arts現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育

modern distance education/ learning校園數(shù)字化campus digitalization校園歌曲campus song校園文化campus culture校訓(xùn)school motto

新新人類New Human Being；X Generation性教育sex education巡回報(bào)告touring report學(xué)分 credit;academic credit學(xué)分制academic credit system學(xué)科帶頭人

pace-setter in scientific research;academic leader

學(xué)歷教育

education with record of formal schooling學(xué)前教育preschool education學(xué)生處students' affairs division

學(xué)生減負(fù)alleviate the burden on students學(xué)時(shí)credit hours

學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告academic report學(xué)術(shù)講座academic forum

學(xué)位制academic degree system學(xué)年academic year

學(xué)生處students' affairs office義務(wù)教育compulsory education因材施教

teach students according to their aptitude應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生this year's graduates在職博士生on-job doctorate在職研究生 on-job postgraduates