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      2009年12月英語四級答案完整版
      
        
       時間：2019-05-14 20:54:58下載本文作者：會員上傳
      
      
      
      
      
簡介：寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《2009年12月英語四級答案完整版》，但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助，當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《2009年12月英語四級答案完整版》。

      
	
      

      第一篇：2009年12月英語四級答案完整版
      

      Part Ⅰ Writing
      審題謀篇
      本次四級作文主題為“綠色校園”，這是一個看似簡單普通的話題，寫起來卻不是那么容易。因為很多考生對于“綠色校園”所表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵感覺比較生僻。假如對“綠色校園”這一主題感到難以把握，考生可以從作文提綱入手進(jìn)行分析以獲取對“綠色校園”這一概念的相關(guān)信息。根據(jù)作文提示2，可以看出此處的“綠色校園”指的決不僅僅是青青的草地和高大的樹木構(gòu)成的校園綠色風(fēng)景，也不僅僅指對校園環(huán)境的珍視和愛護(hù)，而是指一種環(huán)境保護(hù)的文化氛圍和師生具有的環(huán)境素養(yǎng)，以及由此帶來的和諧的人文環(huán)境和社會績效。在深入理解概念的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還應(yīng)對 “綠色校園”的重要性進(jìn)行剖析，這時，考生可以從多個角度組織素材，比如從校園的環(huán)境問題出發(fā)，進(jìn)而擴(kuò)展到師生的環(huán)境意識對“綠色校園”所產(chǎn)生的長遠(yuǎn)意義以及為未來環(huán)境改善所做的貢獻(xiàn)。最后是闡述建設(shè)“綠色校園”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文給分的重點在于考生如何用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言詞匯表達(dá)自己的思想觀點。而不是寫得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三個自然段，大概十句話，基本的分布為首段、末段合起來五句或六句，中間段五句或四句，做到結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，重點突出，就可以了。來源:考試大-英語四級考試 參考范文
      Creating a Green Campus
      考試大論壇
      Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people?s mind.Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students? various environmental protection activities after their graduation.What?s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus.Secondly, it calls for people?s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste.Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.建設(shè)綠色校園
      來源：考試大
      近來，隨著建設(shè)并保持“綠色地球”的觀念成為社會關(guān)注的焦點，“綠色校園”也成為校園里流行的話題。這無疑會給我們的校園和社會帶來長遠(yuǎn)的利益。
      “綠色校園”不僅僅指綠色的環(huán)境，還包括人們頭腦中的環(huán)境意識。學(xué)校在培養(yǎng)年輕一代上起著關(guān)鍵作用，“綠色校園”的意識必定會對學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識產(chǎn)生長遠(yuǎn)影響。更為重要的是，年輕一代面臨著嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染，有太多問題等待他們?nèi)ソ鉀Q。
      為使“綠色校園”成為現(xiàn)實，首先應(yīng)該制定出可持續(xù)發(fā)展、可長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的有效政策。其次，還需要人們對環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)肅性有正確認(rèn)識并采取實際行動切實減少污染。最后但同樣重要的是，有必要加強(qiáng)學(xué)校和社會的聯(lián)系以便在全社會共同努力下使“綠色校園”順利實施。
      范文點評
      范文以“綠色校園”開篇，保證了文章切題。第一段開門見山，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)今環(huán)保理念下構(gòu)建“綠色校園”的長遠(yuǎn)意義。第二段，著重討論“綠色校園”的含義，指出“綠色校園”不僅指校園中的綠化，還指生活在校園中的人們的綠色和環(huán)保意識，把校園這個小環(huán)境和社會這個大環(huán)境結(jié)合起來，說理更加深刻。第三段是談及具體的做法，分一、二、三點進(jìn)行論述，無疑是使“綠色校園”的理念落在實處。結(jié)構(gòu)完整，首尾呼應(yīng)，用詞準(zhǔn)確。關(guān)系詞的正確使用讓句與句之間、段與段之間銜接緊湊，思想表達(dá)成熟有深度。
      【生動的用詞】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound長遠(yuǎn)的;sustainable可持續(xù)的;recyclable可循環(huán)的。
      【豐富的短語】bring benefit to帶來利益;play a crucial role in發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用;under the burden of在……重負(fù)下;come true實現(xiàn);call for要求。
      【多變的句式】
      范文中長句、短句、簡單句、復(fù)雜句交叉使用。不同句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，能讓閱卷老師更好地了解考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握運用，從而獲得高分。
      避錯指導(dǎo)
      本次作文在題材上，雖然仍然延續(xù)了我們所熟悉校園類話題，但與社會背景有很大關(guān)系。剛剛閉幕的哥本哈根世界氣候大會使環(huán)保減排這個主題成為焦點，在全世界都提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)展、和諧發(fā)展這一背景下的“綠色校園”，同時也是一個社會熱點話題，這是我們審題時所必須考慮的。另外開篇時，切忌拖泥帶水，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)，使閱卷老師對文章主題一目了然。
      除正確審題之外，考生還應(yīng)注意語言的準(zhǔn)確運用，不落俗套。不同句型之間轉(zhuǎn)換時，考生應(yīng)對句子結(jié)構(gòu)全面掌握，避免句式錯誤造成扣分。
      最后，應(yīng)盡量避免單詞拼寫錯誤。本次作文常見的卷面拼寫錯誤如下表：
      正確拼寫 詞性及詞義 錯誤的拼寫
      focus n.焦點 focuse
      effect n.影響 effection /affect
      environment n.環(huán)境 envirment/invironment
      burden n.負(fù)擔(dān) burdon
      solve v.解決 slove
      serious a.嚴(yán)肅的 serous
      true a.真的 ture
      society n.社會 soceity
      theory n.理論 thery
      總之，考生在構(gòu)思和寫作過程中要盡可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地選擇詞匯。畢竟，無錯表達(dá)才是四級語言表達(dá)合格的核心。
      能力拓展
      【同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換】
      作文表達(dá)除了準(zhǔn)確，還要做到句式多變，詞匯靈活多樣。
      1.realize → be aware of 意識到
      We?d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us.我們最好意識到周圍污染的嚴(yán)峻性。
      2.keep → preserve 保持
      It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment.有必要教育學(xué)生意識到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。
      3.lead → conduct 引導(dǎo)
      This will help conduct the activities of the college students.這有助于引導(dǎo)大學(xué)生的行為。
      【話題備考錦囊】
      6.The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment.“綠色校園”絕不僅僅是一個綠色環(huán)境。
      7.The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities.建設(shè)“綠色校園”將會極大激勵學(xué)生參與環(huán)境保護(hù)。
      8.To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken.為全面實施“綠色校園”，必須采取有效措施。
      9.Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well.校園建設(shè)不僅對學(xué)生的身體發(fā)展很重要，而且對他們的心理健康也很重要。
      10.There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus.毫無疑問，對于綠色校園應(yīng)該給與更多的思考。
      【話題詞匯拓展】
      devastation n.毀壞disastrous a.損失慘重的
      本文來源考試大網(wǎng)
      doom v.厄運，毀滅
      existence n.存在，生活
      healthful a.健康的messy a.骯臟的，凌亂的 participation n.分享，參與 preserve v.保存，保護(hù)
      preventive a.預(yù)防性的 purify v.澄清，凈化
      stimulation n.激勵，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 喚起意識
      命題風(fēng)向標(biāo)
      本次作文難度適中，與之前考試中出現(xiàn)的“限塑”主題有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系?？忌朐诒敬巫魑闹蝎@取高分，除了審題恰當(dāng)獨到，還要有扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)。如本文主題“綠色校園”可以采用多種表達(dá)：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“綠色校園的構(gòu)建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以體現(xiàn)考生對詞匯多樣性的積累。
      從關(guān)注白色污染到關(guān)注博物館免費開放，再到綠色校園構(gòu)建，四級作文命題重點在側(cè)重校園類話題的同時開始向與大學(xué)生生活有關(guān)的話題轉(zhuǎn)移。由此也凸顯了對歷年真題分析的重要意義。更多地立足真題，總結(jié)規(guī)律，切實提高自己語言能力，始終是四級作文備考的根本。來源:考試大-英語四級考試 Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      核心詞匯
      1.aid n.①幫助，援助 ②助手v.幫助，援助
      【用】financial aid經(jīng)濟(jì)援助;merit aid/ Merit-based獎學(xué)金;need-based aid助學(xué)金或經(jīng)濟(jì)資助;foreign aid外援，對外援助;hearing aid助聽器;aids and appliances用具，設(shè)備【搭】in aid to用來幫助，起……作用;lead one?s aid(to)援助，給予幫助;in aid of作為援助……之用【拓】aidance n.協(xié)助，幫助;aidant a.幫助的;aided a.輔助的
      2.project v.①設(shè)計 ②發(fā)射n.事業(yè)，計劃，工程
      【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager項目經(jīng)理;project plan項目規(guī)劃;project budget項目預(yù)算，工程預(yù)算【拓】projection n.突出，發(fā)射;projecting a.突出的 3.selective a.選擇性的
      4.【用】selective analysis重點分析;selective breeding選擇育種，選擇性繁殖 【拓】select v.挑選，選拔a.精選的;selection n.選擇，挑選，選集
      5.package n.包裹;套裝軟件，程序包a.一攬子的
      【用】package design包裝設(shè)計;package agreement一攬子安排，一攬子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一攬子旅游;package tour包辦旅行(路線、地點、時間和費用等均作統(tǒng)一規(guī)定和安排的旅游);package program組裝程序【拓】pack n.包裝，背包v.包裝，壓緊;packaged a.袋裝的;packager n.打包機(jī)
      6.ranking a.頭等的;n.等級，地位
      【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等級法，排序法
      【拓】rank n.等級;隊列;v.排列，列隊
      7.grant v.①授予 ②承認(rèn);n.①授予物 ②撥款
      【用】grant of a patent授予專利權(quán)【搭】take…for granted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然;Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n.補(bǔ)助金，津貼(grant的復(fù)數(shù))
      8.enrol v.登記，入學(xué)，參軍，注冊
      【搭】enrol in選課，參加【拓】enrollment n.登記，入伍;enrollee n.入學(xué)者，入伍者
      9.eliminate v.消除，排除
      【用】eliminate illiteracy掃盲;eliminate poverty消除貧困;eliminate noise 消除噪聲【拓】eliminate 是指把已進(jìn)入者從中排除;exclude v.指把想進(jìn)入者拒之門外
      10.qualify v.使具有資格，證明……合格【用】qualifying examination資格考試，初試;qualifying competition預(yù)選賽，資格賽 【搭】qualify as 取得……資格，作為……合適;qualify for有……的資格，合格【拓】qualified a.有資格的，合格的
      11.excel v.勝過，優(yōu)于，擅長n.[計算機(jī)] 軟件名稱
      【搭】to excel in/at(在某方面)勝過(或超過)別人;to excel in music 擅長音樂
      【拓】 excellent a.極好的，卓越的;excellence n.優(yōu)秀，長處
      12.submit v.使服從，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守紀(jì)律;submit registration提交登記表，提交注冊【搭】submit to 服從;submit…to 將……呈交給【拓】 submission n.服從，投降 試題詳解
      1.【原題譯文】隨著越來越多的低收入學(xué)生追求高等教育，一些學(xué)院__。
      B【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
      【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和題干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B選項中revise意思相同。所以答案為B。
      2.【原題譯文】位于米德維爾的阿勒格尼學(xué)院三年前做了什么?
      D【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是大學(xué)名稱Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
      【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid.Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”題目中的D項It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students與原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案為D。
      來源：考試大
      3.【原題譯文】有排名意識的大學(xué)提供獎學(xué)金的主要目的是__。
      C【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
      【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案為C。
      4.【原題譯文】漢密爾頓的入學(xué)和助學(xué)金辦公室主任莫尼卡?英澤相信__。
      D【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
      【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don?t need financial aid doesn?t feel right any more.”原文與D項it?s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案為D。
      5.【原題譯文】近年來，獎學(xué)金的增長比助學(xué)金快得多，是因為__。
      B【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
      【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state?s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解為“為了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state?s public institutions符合原題意思，所以答案為B
      6.【原題譯文】依大衛(wèi)?萊爾德來看，許多私立學(xué)院對獎學(xué)金的態(tài)度是什么?
      A【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
      【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A項They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案為A。
      7.【原題譯文】為什么阿勒格尼學(xué)院不打算完全取消獎學(xué)金?
      C【快速解題】本題的題干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
      【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don?t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C選項中的rely on意思相同，所以答案為C。
      8.qualified
      【原題譯文】每年是否可以繼續(xù)享受學(xué)術(shù)獎學(xué)金取決于獎學(xué)金得主是否繼續(xù)________。
      【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分。
      【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。這些獎學(xué)金通常幫助學(xué)生交納學(xué)費，只要他們繼續(xù)符合條件，每年都可以繼續(xù)享受。原文中的each year在本題中被換成了annual，原文中的renewed在本題中被換成了名詞renewal，原文中的continue被轉(zhuǎn)換成了remain，所以本題應(yīng)該填形容詞qualified。
      9.recognizes
      【原題譯文】體育獎學(xué)金申請者要求有______其在運動方面有杰出表現(xiàn)的教練或裁判的推薦。
      【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第三段。
      【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判).”本獎學(xué)金必須有人推薦，因為杰出的運動表現(xiàn)必須得到教練或裁判的認(rèn)可。題目把原文的被動結(jié)構(gòu)變成了主動，而a coach or a referee是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以本題應(yīng)該填的答案是recognizes。10.excellence
      【原題譯文】藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金要求申請者必須提交能表明其在某一領(lǐng)域______的證明。
      【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第四段。
      【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金要求申請者在一定藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域有突出表現(xiàn)。原文中的in a given artistic field和題目中的in a particular artistic field同義，題目中需要填的是動詞show的賓語，即一個名詞，而原句中對應(yīng)的excel卻是動詞詞性，需要變成名詞形式，所以答案就是excel的名詞形式excellence。
      全文精譯
      大學(xué)重新審視獎學(xué)金的價值
      許多大學(xué)給予學(xué)生經(jīng)濟(jì)資助時，最重要的依據(jù)仍然是學(xué)生良好的評估等級和較高的試卷分?jǐn)?shù)。
      但是在未來幾年里，預(yù)計低收入家庭的學(xué)生數(shù)占大學(xué)生總數(shù)的比例越來越大。一些學(xué)校正在重新考慮獎學(xué)金是否是利用大學(xué)寶貴的資金最有效的途徑。
      例如，華盛頓特區(qū)的喬治?華盛頓大學(xué)上周公布說將削減約三分之一的獎學(xué)金，減少獎學(xué)金得主數(shù)，而將節(jié)省下來的大約250萬美元用于助學(xué)金。位于賓夕法尼亞州米德維爾的阿勒格尼學(xué)院三年前也做出了類似的決定。
      紐約克林頓市的哈密爾頓學(xué)院說它將逐步淘汰獎學(xué)金。該規(guī)定不會使現(xiàn)有的獎學(xué)金得主失去獎學(xué)金，助學(xué)金制度將從2008年秋天入學(xué)的學(xué)生開始實行。
      并不是所有的大學(xué)都提供獎學(xué)金;一般來說，淘汰率越高的學(xué)校，越不太可能提供獎學(xué)金。例如，哈佛大學(xué)和普林斯頓大學(xué)慷慨地提供了各種助學(xué)金，但是許多不符合助學(xué)條件的家庭為了上名牌大學(xué)不管付多少錢都愿意。
      對于規(guī)模較小的地方性學(xué)院來說，他們只是努力填滿空缺，獎學(xué)金只是財政收入的重要來源，因為許多獎學(xué)金得主仍需支付比獎學(xué)金金額更高的學(xué)費，而正是這些學(xué)費維持大學(xué)的運轉(zhuǎn)。
      但是對于有排名意識的學(xué)校，獎學(xué)金已經(jīng)成為招收一流學(xué)生和改善他們的學(xué)術(shù)效益的一種主要工具。斯基德莫爾大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家桑迪?波美說，“他們試圖購買學(xué)生”。
      研究表明獎學(xué)金存在一種傾向，即大部分獎學(xué)金得主不依靠獎學(xué)金仍能支付得起學(xué)費。
      “展望未來，更迫切需要的助學(xué)金投資”，漢密爾頓的入學(xué)和助學(xué)金辦公室主任莫尼卡?英澤說。漢密爾頓大學(xué)已提供10年的獎學(xué)金。在這段時間里，在《美國新聞和世界報導(dǎo)》對最好的文學(xué)院的排名中，它從第25名上升到第17名。
      獎學(xué)金每年幫助了大約75名學(xué)生，或大約4%的學(xué)生，花費大約為一年1百萬美元，“獎學(xué)金給我們帶來了好處”，英澤說，但“獎學(xué)金這種變相優(yōu)惠學(xué)費的做法對不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的家庭來說，似乎不妥?！?/p>
      助學(xué)金目前仍是學(xué)生接受資助的主要方式，包括國家助學(xué)金、聯(lián)邦助學(xué)金和機(jī)構(gòu)助學(xué)金。但是，從總體上和大學(xué)層面上來看，主要由學(xué)校和州提供的獎學(xué)金增長速度很快。
      一項由美國賓州州立大學(xué)教授唐納德?海勒主持的研究報告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之間，僅就大學(xué)的獎學(xué)金而言，增加了212%，而助學(xué)金增加了47%。至少有15個州也提供獎學(xué)金，通常是為了在公立大學(xué)中招收優(yōu)等生。
      但是近年來，越來越多的批評已經(jīng)迫使大學(xué)開始減少這種做法。漢密爾頓和其他大學(xué)最近的決策可能是“一種跡象，表明人們開始意識到這種破壞性的競爭”，波美說。波美與他人合作，共同發(fā)表了一份《大學(xué)報告》，對于大學(xué)資助不是建立在需要的基礎(chǔ)之上表示擔(dān)憂。
      明尼蘇達(dá)私立大學(xué)委員會主席大衛(wèi)?萊爾德認(rèn)為，很多私立學(xué)校想減少獎學(xué)金，但害怕這樣做，會使優(yōu)秀學(xué)生流失到他們的競爭對手那里去。
      “沒有人可以采取單方面行動，”萊爾德說。他正在探索是否能獲得聯(lián)邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使會員大學(xué)可以討論如何共同降低獎學(xué)金?！斑@是一個跑得很快的旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬，沒有大學(xué)相信他們能承受擺脫木馬束縛的風(fēng)險?！?/p>
      一個復(fù)雜因素就是，獎學(xué)金已經(jīng)在不符合助學(xué)金條件的中產(chǎn)階級家庭中變得很受歡迎，結(jié)果許多家庭都依靠它。并且，隨著學(xué)費不斷增加，獎助學(xué)金之間的界限也變得模糊了。
      這是阿勒格尼大學(xué)并不打算完全取消獎學(xué)金的理由之一。
      “我們?nèi)匀幌嘈艑Τ煽儍?yōu)異者進(jìn)行獎勵的效用，好學(xué)生很重視獎學(xué)金”，阿勒格尼大學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)招生的副校長斯科特?弗利達(dá)霍夫說。
      位于亞特蘭大的艾莫利大學(xué)以擁有47億美元的捐贈而自豪。同時該校擬采取新政策。今年，該大學(xué)宣布將取消特困生貸款，同時對中產(chǎn)階級家庭的貸款進(jìn)行限額，但它將擴(kuò)大其已有28年歷史的獎學(xué)金項目。
      “是的，我們在玩獎學(xué)金游戲，”負(fù)責(zé)大學(xué)本科教育的副院長湯姆蘭?卡斯特承認(rèn)。但這也有它的優(yōu)勢，他說，“事實上，這不僅僅關(guān)系到低收入人群，它還關(guān)系到無緣問津助學(xué)金、普通的美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭?！?/p>
      * 關(guān)于獎學(xué)金制度的幾點補(bǔ)充
      采集者退散
      獎學(xué)金是向在某一領(lǐng)域杰出的學(xué)生提供的資助，通常是指學(xué)術(shù)、體育和藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金。
      學(xué)術(shù)獎學(xué)金是以學(xué)生在高中階段的分?jǐn)?shù)，平均成績和學(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)。它們通常是專門為學(xué)生在高中畢業(yè)后直接進(jìn)入大學(xué)而設(shè)置的。然而，還有為學(xué)習(xí)成績格外突出的在校大學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的獎學(xué)金。這些獎學(xué)金通常幫助學(xué)生交納學(xué)費，只要他們繼續(xù)符合條件，每年都可以繼續(xù)享受。某些情況下，學(xué)生在申請過程中可能需要學(xué)?；蛘咭晃唤處熗扑]。
      運動獎學(xué)金是為在任何一種體育運動中突出的學(xué)生設(shè)置的獎學(xué)金，從足球到田徑項目。本獎學(xué)金必須有人推薦，因為杰出的運動表現(xiàn)必須得到教練或裁判的認(rèn)可。申請者需要寄送包含他們最佳表現(xiàn)的一盤磁帶。
      藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金要求申請者在一定藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域有突出表現(xiàn)。一般包括創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域，如藝術(shù)、設(shè)計、時裝、音樂、舞蹈或?qū)懽?。申請藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金，通常要求學(xué)生提供一個選輯，它可以包括藝術(shù)作品集、音樂表演錄像或舞蹈的視頻
      Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
      Section A
      試題詳解
      11.A)Get some small change.A)換取零錢。
      B)Find a shopping center.B)找一個購物中心。
      C)Cash a check at a bank.C)在銀行兌現(xiàn)支票。
      D)Find a parking meter.D)找一個停車計費器。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】選項均缺少主語，屬于細(xì)節(jié)題加轉(zhuǎn)折題型，預(yù)讀時無需關(guān)注句意，直接找相似場景即可，并且按照聽力短對話規(guī)律，重點仍然在女士話語當(dāng)中，典型的“轉(zhuǎn)折”出答案題型。
      【正確項分析】由but后的money changer可知男生需要換零錢，可快速排除選項B(購物中心)和選項D(停車)二個場景，答案應(yīng)在選項A、C當(dāng)中。C選項雖也和“錢”有關(guān)，但對話中對該選項中的銀行只字未提，由此可知答案為選項A。
      【原文及譯文】
      M: Excuse me.Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.W: I?m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street.Q: What is the man trying to do?
      男士：打擾一下，你能給我換開一張10美元的鈔票嗎?我需要支付停車費。
      女士：很抱歉，但我覺得你可以到馬路對面的購物中心里的貨幣兌換中換取零錢。
      問題：男士要干什么?
      【詞匯點撥】parking meter 停車計費器;cash a check 支票兌現(xiàn);change n.零錢
      12.A)Shopping with his son.A)與兒子一起購物。
      B)Buying a gift for a child.B)給孩子買禮物。
      C)Promoting a new product.C)促銷新產(chǎn)品。
      D)Bargaining with a salesgirl.D)與女售貨員討價還價。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可發(fā)現(xiàn)均缺少主語，與11題一樣，屬于細(xì)節(jié)題加建議題型，直接尋找相似場景即可，可快速排除選項C，因為只有C選項是關(guān)于“出售”(促銷)，而其它選項都和“購買”有關(guān);答案應(yīng)在選項A、B、D中。
      【正確項分析】女士話語仍具有絕對指導(dǎo)意義，非常簡單的建議考點，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toy train和brand，加上男生說的school boy，可確定答案為選項B。
      【干擾項分析】A選項中的son是無中生有，切忌主觀猜測。選項D可在聽時排除，原文中并無任何涉及關(guān)于“還價”或具體金額的內(nèi)容。
      【原文及譯文】
      M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?
      W: I?d suggest this toy train, sir.It?s an excellent brand.Very popular all over the world these days.Q: What is the man doing?
      男士：你能給我推薦一個七八歲學(xué)童真正喜歡的東西嗎?
      女士：我給你推薦這款玩具火車。這是一個優(yōu)秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受歡迎。
      問題：男士正在做什么?
      【詞匯點撥】recommend v.推薦;brand n.品牌;promote v.促銷;bargain v.討價還價
      13.A)Taking photographs.A)拍照。
      B)Enhancing images.B)突顯形象。
      C)Mending cameras.C)修理相機(jī)。
      D)Painting pictures.D)畫畫。
      本文來源考試大網(wǎng)
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】選項仍均缺少主語，屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題。選項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士發(fā)出，需仔細(xì)聆聽，原文提到taking pictures(拍照)，由此確定話題方向。
      【正確項分析】女士說話中提到taking pictures，與選項A中的taking photographs一致，答案為A選項。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: Do you let people know when you?re taking pictures of them?
      M: I try not to.You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural.Q: What are the speakers talking about?
      女士：你給人們拍照時，會讓他們知道嗎?
      男士：盡量不讓他們知道。你也知道一個人為拍照擺出的姿勢看起來呆滯、不自然。
      問題：講話人在談?wù)撌裁?
      【詞匯點撥】pose v.擺姿勢 n.姿勢，姿態(tài);enhance v.提高，加強(qiáng);image n.圖像，形象
      14.A)He moved to Baltimore when he was young.A)他年輕的時候搬到巴爾的摩。
      B)He can provide little useful information.B)他提供不了太多有用信息。
      C)He will show the woman around Baltimore.C)他將領(lǐng)女士參觀巴爾的摩。
      D)He will ask someone else to help the woman.D)他將找其他人來幫助女士。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】此題考查意義解釋題加轉(zhuǎn)折題型，此類題型答案多為“聽見什么不選什么”。本題需要對考生有一定的實力要求，屬于可“失分”的題目。關(guān)注動詞 move to，provide，show around和ask。
      【正確項分析】經(jīng)典轉(zhuǎn)折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生說自己當(dāng)時還很年輕，言下之意自己對當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r不夠了解。答案為B選項。
      【干擾項分析】根據(jù)四級聽力中短對話“尾詞錯誤原則”，即結(jié)尾內(nèi)容聽得越清楚越不能選，可順利排除A選項。選項C沒有提及。選項D與選項B為相似項，其中應(yīng)有答案，男士并未主動提出找人幫忙，故排除選項D。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well.I?m told you lived there.M: Oh, but I was really young at the time
      Q: What does the man mean?
      女士：我需要找個非常了解巴爾的摩的人。我聽說你曾在那里居住過。
      男士：哦，但是我那時候太年輕了。
      問題：男士是什么意思?
      【詞匯點撥】show around 領(lǐng)……參觀 15.A)He is rather disappointed.A)他非常失望。
      B)He is highly ambitious.B)他很有抱負(fù)。
      C)He can?t face up to the situation.C)他不能面對處境。
      D)He knows his own limitation.D)他知道自己的不足。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀四個選項時只有B提到了“正面、積極”的方向，可初步排除。選項預(yù)讀較難，但本題屬于經(jīng)典轉(zhuǎn)折題型，關(guān)注相應(yīng)標(biāo)志詞即可。but出現(xiàn)表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可選出正確選項。
      【正確項分析】原文是“承擔(dān)責(zé)任前需要積累更多經(jīng)驗”，表明他知道自己的不足之處，與選項D同義。
      【干擾項分析】A選項中是rather，與原文的a little 不一致，可排除。C選項原文中未曾提及。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: Aren?t you disappointed that you didn?t get the promotion?
      M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I?m ready for that kind of responsibility.Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?
      女士：你沒有被提升，不覺得失望嗎?
      男士：可能有一點，但我覺得承擔(dān)責(zé)任前需要積累更多經(jīng)驗。
      問題：從此對話可以得知男士的什么信息?
      【詞匯點撥】disappointed a.失望的;ambitious a.有雄心的;promotion n.晉升;responsibility n.責(zé)任
      16.A)She must have paid a lot for the gym.A)她一定在健身房花了很多錢。
      B)She is known to have a terrific figure.B)她以身材好而聞名。
      C)Her gym exercise has yielded good results.C)她的健身鍛煉取得了很好的效果。
      D)Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.D)她努力健身的做法值得稱贊。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀四個選項，可知選項A與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。選項B、C都是關(guān)于鍛煉效果極佳的表達(dá)，按照慣例其中應(yīng)該有答案。本題為意義解釋題，同義替換是答案。
      【正確項分析】男士提到y(tǒng)our effort has paid off，這與選項C中的has yielded good results一致，故選擇C項。
      【干擾項分析】男士贊揚女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此聞名，B選項可排除。男士也未稱贊她的作法，故排除選項D。
      【原文及譯文】來源：004km.cn
      W: I?ve been working out the gym since January.I was a bit out of shape.M: You look terrific.It seems that your effort has paid off.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?
      女士：我從一月份一直在健身房鍛煉。我之前都有些走形了。
      男士：現(xiàn)在你看起來很棒。看來你的努力沒有白費。
      問題：男士暗示女士什么?
      【詞匯點撥】gym n.健身房;yield v.產(chǎn)生;keep fit 保持體型;work out 體育鍛煉;out of shape 走形，走樣;pay off 得到好結(jié)果
      17.A)Female students are unfit for studying physics.A)女學(xué)生不適合學(xué)習(xí)物理。
      B)He can serve as the woman?s tutor.B)他可以擔(dān)當(dāng)女士的家庭教師。
      C)Physics is an important course at school.C)在學(xué)校，物理是一門很重要的學(xué)科。
      D)The professor?s suggestion is constructive.D)教授的建議是有建設(shè)性的。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題選項預(yù)讀最難，找不出明顯的相反或相似選項，聽前可暫時確定兩組方向。選項A、C與物理有關(guān)，選項B、D是導(dǎo)師的建議，待場景明確后再排除。
      【正確項分析】首句用到suggest接著說到tutor場景明確，和選項B、D有關(guān)，排除選項A、C。首句Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics，可知答案為選項D。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.M: Well, that might help.Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.Q: What does the man mean?
      女士：克拉克教授建議我得為高等物理找個家庭教師。
      男士：嗯，那可能有幫助。高等物理確實是一門比較難的科目。
      問題：男士的意思是什么?
      【詞匯點撥】tutor n.家庭教師;constructive a.有益的，建設(shè)性的 18.A)Indifferent.A)漠不關(guān)心的。
      B)Doubtful.B)懷疑的。
      C)Pleased.C)高興的。
      D)Surprised.D)驚奇的。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀時可排除唯一的“積極”選項C。本題為加了“弦外之音” 意義解釋題，同義替換是答案，此類題有較少的明顯的語言點可以指示答案，難度較大。聽音時關(guān)注說話者的語氣。
      【正確項分析】女士所謂的好消息是談話的兩個人都沒有被炒魷魚。男士卻既不興奮，也沒有表示懷疑，所以輕易排除選項B、C。因為他已經(jīng)有點厭倦這份工作了，甚至想到要去辭職。與選項A意義相符。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won?t be laid off after all.M: Oh, I?m somewhat tired of working here.I?ve been wondering whether I should resign.Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.Q: How does the man feel about the news?
      女士：比爾，知道最新消息嗎?好像我倆都沒有被炒魷魚。
      男士：哦，我在這兒工作有些厭煩了，我一直在考慮我是否應(yīng)該辭職。無論如何，這個消息對你來說是個好事。
      問題：男士對新聞是怎么看的?
      【詞匯點撥】indifferent a.漠不關(guān)心的;doubtful a.持懷疑態(tài)度的;lay off 解雇;resign v.辭職;be tired of … 對……厭倦
      Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He prefers the smaller evening classes.A)他更喜歡晚上的小班課程。
      B)He has signed up for a day course.B)他已經(jīng)報名參加白天課程。
      C)He has to work during the day.C)他白天上班。
      D)He finds the evening course cheaper.D)他發(fā)現(xiàn)晚上課程更便宜。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，選項A、D討論evening class，選項B講述day course，立刻可推測此長對話與課程有關(guān)，且該課程有day class和evening class之分。從這四個選項暗含的意義推測，男士應(yīng)偏重于evening class，可初步推測，此題考查男士選擇evening class的原因。
      【正確項分析】原文中男士明確說明it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day，關(guān)鍵詞在于since，正所謂“因果必考”，選項C與原文相符。
      20.A)Learn a computer language.A)學(xué)習(xí)一門計算機(jī)語言。
      B)Learn data processing.B)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)處理。
      C)Buy some computer software.C)買一些電腦軟件。
      D)Buy a few course books.D)買一些課本。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】行為動作考查題，根據(jù)19題推測，本對話涉及報班，由本題四個選項可知，所報課程與電腦有關(guān)，因為前三項均與computer有關(guān)。可知選項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。本題也為一細(xì)節(jié)題，在聽力過程中，應(yīng)適時記錄相關(guān)信息。
      【正確項分析】女士先提到了Have you taken any courses in data processing，在其后緊跟著又對其進(jìn)行了解釋data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming。對于data processing在對話中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，且與問題相符，故選擇B選項。
      21.A)Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.A)周四晚，7點至9點45分。
      B)From September 1 to New Year?s eve.B)從9月1號至新年前夕。
      C)Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.C)每周一，持續(xù)12周。
      D)Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.D)一星期三小時，總共45小時。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】由選項即可知本題考查數(shù)字的細(xì)節(jié)題，且考查的數(shù)字為持續(xù)的時間，初步推測為某一課程所持續(xù)的時間。所以如在聽力過程中涉及數(shù)字都要作筆記，且應(yīng)注意數(shù)字的上下文場景。
      【正確項分析】對該問題的回答，信息較分散，最初提到了every Monday, from 7 to 9:45。接下來在let me see停頓之后出現(xiàn)答案12 weeks，from September 1 to Christmas eve.整合以上信息，應(yīng)選C。
      【干擾項分析】選項A錯在Thursday evening，原文中明確給出應(yīng)該是Monday evening。選項B中的New Year?s eve也是偷梁換柱，應(yīng)為Christmas eve。選項D涉及小計算，每晚3小時，持續(xù)12周，應(yīng)大約總共36小時才正確。來源：004km.cn
      22.A)What to bring for registration.A)登記時需要帶什么。
      B)Where to attend the class.B)到哪里去上課。
      C)How he can get to Frost Hall.C)去弗羅斯特大廳怎么走。
      D)Whether he can use a check.D)他是否能用支票。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)“前二后二必考”原則，本題又為本對話的最后一題，此題必在文章后面出題。由四選項的形式可初步推測，本題考查的是問題的內(nèi)容。
      【正確項分析】本題的問題直截了當(dāng)，在原文中男士給出了明確的提問，Is there anything that I should bring with me? 與選項A同義。
      【干擾項分析】許多考生按照常理或主觀臆測選定選項B，此項在原文中恰恰沒有提到。原文中男士也明確表明I know how to get there，選項C是多余的。文中雖提到checkbook，是女士對男士問題的回答，而非男士的發(fā)問，故排除。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: Hello, Parkson College.May I help you?
      M: Yes.I?m looking for information on courses in computer programming.I would need it for the fall semester.W: Do you want a day or evening course?
      M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.W: Aha.Have you taken any courses in data processing?
      M: No.W: Oh!Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.M: Oh, I see.Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.W: Well, there?s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.M: Just once a week?
      W: Yes.But that?s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.M: Oh!Well, that?s alright.I could manage that.How many weeks does the course last?
      W: Mm, let me see.12 weeks.You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before Christmas.December 21st.M: And how much is the course?
      W: That?s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.M: Ah-hum.Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?
      W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?
      W: Yes, that?s the one.M: Oh, I know how to get there.Is there anything that I should bring with me?
      W: No, just your checkbook.M: Well, thank you very much.W: You?re very welcome.Bye!
      M: Bye!
      19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
      20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
      21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?
      22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?
      女士：你好。帕克森大學(xué)，有什么事需要幫忙嗎?
      男士：是的。我想咨詢有關(guān)計算機(jī)程序設(shè)計課程的信息。我想在秋季學(xué)期上課。
      女士：白天上課還是晚上上課?
      男士：哦，因為我白天工作，我想晚上上課。
      女士：嗯。你學(xué)過關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)處理的課程嗎?
      男士：沒有。
      女士：哦!好的，在學(xué)習(xí)計算機(jī)編程之前必須學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)處理。
      男士：哦，我明白了。數(shù)據(jù)處理什么時候上課? 我希望不是星期四。
      女士：哦，有一個班在周一晚上7點。
      男士：一周僅上一次?
      女士：是的。從7點到9點45分，差不多3個小時。
      男士：哦!沒關(guān)系，我可以做到。幾個星期的課程?
      女士：嗯，讓我看看。12周。你從九月第一次周末開始，哦，圣誕節(jié)前夕12月21日結(jié)課。
      男士：這門課程多少錢?
      女士：300美元，包括必要的上機(jī)時間。
      男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登記?
      女士：在9月2號、3號6 點至 9點在弗羅斯特大廳登記。
      男士：是停車場后面的圓形大樓嗎?
      女士：是的，就是那兒。
      男士：哦，我知道怎么到那兒去。我必須要帶什么東西嗎?
      女士：不用，只要帶著支票簿即可。
      男士：哦，太謝謝了。
      女士：不用客氣。再見!
      男士：再見!
      19：為什么男士選擇晚間上課?
      20：在上計算機(jī)程序設(shè)計課程之前必須要做什么?
      21：我們能從晚間課程了解到什么信息?
      22：在談話最后男士想了解什么信息?
      【詞匯點撥】course n.課程;computer programming 計算機(jī)編程;data processing 數(shù)據(jù)處理;parking lot 停車場;schedule n.時間表
      Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A)A training coach.A)教練員。
      B)A trading adviser.B)商業(yè)顧問。
      C)A professional manager.C)職業(yè)經(jīng)理。
      D)A financial trader.D)金融交易商。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題為本長對話的第一題，出題點必在對話開始，由選項可知，本題涉及職業(yè)，對于職業(yè)的考查也是前幾年四級考試的重點。
      【正確項分析】男士在文中明確提及trading in financial markets，根據(jù)同義推斷原理，可推斷該男士的職業(yè)是financial trader.24.A)He can save on living expenses.A)他可以節(jié)省生活費用。
      B)He considers cooking creative.B)他認(rèn)為烹飪是具有創(chuàng)新性的。
      C)He can enjoy healthier food.C)他喜歡健康食物。
      采集者退散
      D)He thinks take-away is tasteless.D)他覺得外帶食品不好吃。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可知選項A與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。本題與食物或烹飪有關(guān)。所以在聽音過程中，如提及cooking或food，應(yīng)多加注意，適時記錄。
      【正確項分析】 聽音過程中聽到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下來的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞creative，選項B與之相符，故選擇B選項。
      25.A)It is something inevitable.A)是某種不可避免的事情。
      B)It is frustrating sometimes.B)有時候令人沮喪。
      C)It takes patience to manage.C)它需要耐心來管理。
      D)It can be a good thing.D)它可能是件好事。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題是細(xì)節(jié)加評論題，關(guān)鍵要弄清楚各選項中it所指代的內(nèi)容。本文出現(xiàn)頻率最多的詞是stress，可大膽推測，此題考查的是對stress的評述。本題又是此長對話的最后一題，答案應(yīng)在聽力對話的后兩句。
      【正確項分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty.只要抓住此句中的一個關(guān)鍵詞uncertainty，此題便可輕易而解，選項A正確。
      【原文及譯文】
      W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?
      M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you.Trading in financial markets combines both.W: How do you relax in the evening?
      M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it?s easy to escape the markets.I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I?ve had a bad day.I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away.To do something my brain would regard as creative.W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?
      M: I don?t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress.I generally find out what I do is effective for me.W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?
      M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors.However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?
      M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty.I enjoy a mental challenge.Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second.How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.23: What is the man?s job?
      24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?
      25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
      女士：那么，到底為什么你的工作以緊張出名呢?
      男士：當(dāng)人們束手無策或感覺被控制時，就會有壓力感。金融市場上的交易正是這兩者的結(jié)合。
      女士：你晚上如何放松?
      男士：我很少做與工作有關(guān)的事情，所以很容易逃脫市場。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感覺某天很糟糕的時候，更是如此。我總是做飯，而不是叫外賣。做點兒有創(chuàng)意的事。
      女士：你認(rèn)為你放松自己的方法對消除壓力有效嗎?
      男士：消除壓力沒有特定的法寶?？偟膩碚f，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我所做的一切對我來說都是有效的。
      女士：你是否因壓力大而考慮換工作呢?
      男士：因為壓力的因素我曾考慮過離開我的工作。但是，我認(rèn)為壓力是一件好事。如果運用得當(dāng)，壓力實際上是有益的。
      女士：你喜歡工作中的哪些壓力?
      男士：說了這么多，我的確喜歡不確定因素。我喜歡挑戰(zhàn)。交易會在瞬間產(chǎn)生一系列大范圍的情緒波動。你如何處理及管理這些情緒支配著中短期及長期交易業(yè)績和成功。
      23：男士的工作是什么?
      24：為什么男士喜歡做飯，而不是叫外賣?
      25：關(guān)于工作中的壓力感，男士說了什么?
      【詞匯點撥】reputation n.名聲，名氣;combine v.合并;financial a.金融的;take-away 外帶食品;positive a.積極的，有益的;uncertainty n.不確定性
      Section B
      Passage One
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      本次四級聽力篇章從內(nèi)容難度上來講，比2009年6月的更難。此篇文章屬于天文類，講的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾經(jīng)科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家在漸漸地定位那些有可能會形成生命的地方。文章對此舉了一個例子，就是木星的一個衛(wèi)星，叫木衛(wèi)二。
      詞匯點撥
      fascinated a.著迷的;surface n.表面;bacteria n 細(xì)菌;automatically ad.自動地;probe n.探頭，探針;evolution n.進(jìn)化
      話題詞匯
      beneath prep.在……之下來源：004km.cn
      Jupiter n.木星
      moon n.衛(wèi)星，月球
      nitrogen n.氮
      planet n.行星，星球
      volcanic activity 火山活動
      難句解析
      1.Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.【解析】since early times作時間狀語，主句主語為people，謂語為be fascinated with，即“對……著迷”，著迷的對象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾名詞life。
      2.The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.【解析】本句主句部分謂語成分為make sb.do sth.，讓某人做某事，that引出think的從句。從句的主語為Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定語修飾has的賓語a rocky core。
      試題詳解
      26.A)There were no planets without moons.A)除了衛(wèi)星外沒有行星。
      B)There was no air or water on Jupiter.B)在木星上沒有空氣或水。
      C)Life was not possible in outer space.C)在外空是沒有生命的。
      D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D)生命的奧秘是不能解決的。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可知本題考查細(xì)節(jié)事實題。鑒于此題位于本短文的第一題，答案應(yīng)在最初幾句中找到，具體的說，是在開頭30秒。選項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。聽音時關(guān)注no planets，no air or water還是no life。
      【正確項分析】第一題問的是科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)(once)相信什么事實?那么根據(jù)我們的理解，應(yīng)該是他們認(rèn)為外太空不可能存在生命。這個答案出現(xiàn)在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意為科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在其他星球上存在生命只不過是個充滿希望的夢。故選擇C項。
      27.A)It has a number of active volcanoes.A)有很多活火山。
      B)It has an atmosphere like the earth?s.B)有像地球上的大氣層。
      C)It has a large ocean under its surface.C)在它的表面有一個大海洋。
      D)It has deep caves several miles long.D)有幾英里長的深洞穴。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】通過選項即可確定本題為對于某一事物的細(xì)節(jié)描述題，所以首先要解決各選項中it所指的內(nèi)容。由第一題選項可初步推測，本題很可能考查的是對一個星球的描述。
      【正確項分析】問題為科學(xué)家在木衛(wèi)二星球上找到什么，那么應(yīng)該是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意為航空觀測鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了星球表面下有個大的海洋。C選項與原文一模一樣。
      28.A)Light is not an essential element to it.A)光不是必備因素。
      B)Life can form in very hot temperatures.B)生命在很熱的溫度下能夠形成。
      C)Every form of life undergoes evolution.C)每種生命的形成都需要進(jìn)化。
      D)Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.D)氧在生命形成過程中沒有必要。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)慣例，最后一個問題答案出現(xiàn)在篇章結(jié)束前三十秒左右，選項均涉及生命形成因素，分別為light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根據(jù)這些信息，可輕易在短文結(jié)束前找到答案。
      【正確項分析】注意轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but前后，原文為Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential.But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean.And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意為科學(xué)家一直以為光是很重要的，但是現(xiàn)在他們發(fā)現(xiàn)完全黑暗的地方—比如幾英里深的洞里，也有生命，即細(xì)菌?？梢姡獠皇潜貍湟蛩?，選項A正確。
      原文及譯文
      Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream.But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form.In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun.But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system.One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter.Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface.The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form.A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa?s ocean.They may have already created life or may be about to.You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form.Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential.But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean.And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there.So the lack of light in Europa?s sub-surface ocean doesn?t automatically rule out life forming.26.What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
      27.What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
      28.What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?
      從很早以前，人們一直迷戀著地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近來，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在其他星球上存在生命只不過是個充滿希望的夢。但是，現(xiàn)在他們開始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科學(xué)家們在恒星附近，例如太陽，發(fā)現(xiàn)了行星的蹤跡。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為生命可能我們更近，就在太陽系內(nèi)?？茖W(xué)家們正密切關(guān)注的地方是木衛(wèi)二，木星的一個衛(wèi)星。太空探測器提供了證據(jù)表明木衛(wèi)二表層之下有一個海洋。探測器也讓科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為木衛(wèi)二表層有散發(fā)出火山熱的巖石核心?；鹕交顒拥乃蜔崃渴巧纬傻膬蓚€基本條件。第三個是一些基本的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如碳、氧和氮。科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在木衛(wèi)二海洋底部可能存在這樣的化學(xué)成分。他們可能已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了生命或即將產(chǎn)生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要條件。直到最近，科學(xué)家們?nèi)哉J(rèn)為光是不可或缺的。但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)，海洋幾英里之下的黑暗的洞穴內(nèi)有細(xì)菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木衛(wèi)二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性 26.根據(jù)短文，科學(xué)家曾相信什么?
      采集者退散
      27.科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于木衛(wèi)二的什么信息?
      28.最近，科學(xué)家就生命的形成了解到什么?
      Passage Two
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      本篇講述醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)用紙記錄下的東西比口語交流的信息更加準(zhǔn)確和穩(wěn)定。問題源自一位醫(yī)生在對一個孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事項之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些親屬們竟然記不清到底醫(yī)生講了些什么，于是醫(yī)生決定在以后交待注意事項的時候要把這些內(nèi)容全印成紙質(zhì)的東西，因為紙質(zhì)的東西比口語更可靠。
      詞匯點撥
      suffer v.遭受;confusing a.令人迷惑的;episode n.插曲;version n.版本;challenge v.挑戰(zhàn)
      話題詞匯
      context n.上下文
      physician n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
      recover v.恢復(fù)
      stability n.穩(wěn)定性
      act out 表演出來
      emergency room 急診室
      oral communication 口頭交際
      tailored to 定制的
      難句解析
      1.Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.【解析】此句為倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)listening to her，主語為a half a dozen other family members。正常語序為：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.2.All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.【解析】本句兩分句由連詞but連接，had heard為過去完成時，表示在家人問瑪雅醫(yī)生之前就發(fā)生了此動作。I have given just a few hours before做定語修飾the simple instructions，省略連接詞that。
      試題詳解
      29.A)Whether they should take the child home.A)他們是否應(yīng)該將孩子帶回家。
      B)What Dr.Mayer?s instructions exactly were.B)瑪雅醫(yī)生的醫(yī)囑到底是什么。
      C)Who should take care of the child at home.C)誰在家照顧孩子。
      D)When the child would completely recover.D)什么時候這個孩子能完全恢復(fù)。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】瀏覽四個選項，應(yīng)注意到都為wh-開頭的疑問詞，且提到了醫(yī)生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推測此題涉及的場景為醫(yī)院，病人為孩子。
      【正確項分析】問題為孩子的家人因為什么而爭論，原文為the family asked her to settle an argument they?d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意為親屬們就醫(yī)生到底講過什么建議爭論不休，問醫(yī)生如何解決。選項B中的instructions與原文的advice同義，選項B正確。
      30.A)She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.A)她鼓勵他們拿不準(zhǔn)時就提問題。
      B)She makes them write down all her instructions.B)她讓他們記下她的醫(yī)囑。
      C)She has them act out what they are to do at home.C)她讓他們把將在家里做的事情表演出來。
      D)She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do.D)她讓他們復(fù)述要做的事。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】由第一題的選項可很有把握地推測she指代的是Doctor Myer，而與醫(yī)生相對的多半為病人。注意關(guān)鍵詞ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
      【正確項分析】瑪雅醫(yī)生如何確定病人完全明白了自己的建議呢?原文為She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her與選項D中的關(guān)鍵詞repeat一致，選項D為正確答案，31.A)It lacks the stability of the printed word.A)它缺乏印刷體的穩(wěn)定性。
      B)It contains many grammatical errors.B)它包含許多語法錯誤。
      C)It is heavily dependent on the context.C)它十分依賴上下文語境。
      D)It facilitates interpersonal communication.D)它有助于人際交往。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題為短文最后一題，應(yīng)在文章最后出現(xiàn)。需要注意關(guān)鍵字stability，errors，context和communication。
      【正確項分析】此題是典型的篇章問題考法。答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾處，問題是作者對于人類口語交流(human speech)總結(jié)了什么。原文為human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，與選項A一致。
      原文及譯文
      In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn.After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home.Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they?d been having over exactly what advice she had given.“As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.The most basic details were unclear and confusing.I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later----most people just don?t listen very well.Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients.She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do.She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients? situation.Doc.Mayer?s listeners are not unusual.When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word.Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.29.What did the child?s family members argue about in the hospital?
      來源：考試大
      30.What does Doc.Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
      31.What does the speaker say about human speech?
      喬安娜?瑪雅是一名急診室醫(yī)生。早年，她曾醫(yī)治了一名二度燒傷的孩子。這個孩子接受完治療準(zhǔn)備出院時，瑪雅醫(yī)生告訴孩子父母在家如何照顧孩子，在場的還有六位家庭其他成員。幾小時后，當(dāng)她來與孩子再見的時候，孩子一家請她解決爭論，他們一直爭論她的醫(yī)囑到底是什么。“因為我已經(jīng)告訴過他們，所以我很驚訝?！彼f，“他們所有的人都在短短幾小時前聽到了我給出的簡單的醫(yī)囑，但是他們有三、四個不同的版本。最基本的細(xì)節(jié)都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃驚，因為這些是聰明人。”這一段插曲給了瑪雅醫(yī)生第一個線索，而這遲早每個醫(yī)生都會懂得，即大多數(shù)人聽的不準(zhǔn)確。
      如今，瑪雅說她反復(fù)重復(fù)醫(yī)囑，甚至對一些病人進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場核查。她要他們告訴她他們應(yīng)該做的事。她還根據(jù)病人的情況提供可帶回家的打印文本。瑪雅醫(yī)生的聽眾都是正常人。當(dāng)面對新資料或難度較大的資料時，幾乎所有的聽眾都會面臨挑戰(zhàn)，因為人類口語缺乏書面文字的穩(wěn)定性和永久性。口頭交流速度快但持續(xù)時間短。
      29.孩子的家庭成員在醫(yī)院里爭論的是什么?
      30.為確保病人明白她的醫(yī)囑，瑪雅醫(yī)生做了什么?
      31.說話者如何評述人類口語?
      Passage Three
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      此篇講的是商務(wù)工作中對員工的激勵機(jī)制。主要內(nèi)容為公司對員工的激勵機(jī)制并非是人們通常以為的工資或者工作環(huán)境，而是工作中的挑戰(zhàn)。
      詞匯點撥
      challenging a.挑戰(zhàn)性的;logical a.合理的;manually ad.手動地;identify v.認(rèn)同;tedious a.單調(diào)的，沉悶的
      話題詞匯
      arbitrarily ad.專橫地
      mechanical a.機(jī)械的 robotics n.機(jī)器人學(xué)
      by definition 當(dāng)然
      job security 職業(yè)安全感
      labor relations 勞資關(guān)系
      難句解析
      1.It?s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.【解析】此句結(jié)構(gòu)是由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引導(dǎo)的兩個分句。前面一個分句中，it做形式主語，后面的不定式to suppose是真正主語。That引導(dǎo)賓語從句，介詞like以及其引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容做things的后置定語。后面一個分句中，one expert 與Frederick Herzberg為同位語，that后引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
      2.However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there?re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.【解析】本句主句為there be 句型，常見的短語with the development of作時間狀語，意為“隨著……的發(fā)展”。jobs和people為表語，三個并列形容詞boring，repetitive 和 mechanical一起修飾jobs，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞unskilled people
      試題詳解
      32.A)Job security.A)職業(yè)安全感。
      B)Good labor relations.B)愉快的勞資關(guān)系。
      C)Challenging work.C)挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。
      D)Attractive wages and benefits.D)有吸引力的工資和利益。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項中的關(guān)鍵詞job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨與工作有關(guān)，可初步推測與人們對工作的滿足感有關(guān)。
      【正確項分析】此題問的是主題，到底什么可以真正激勵員工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，連接詞in contrast附近出現(xiàn)了答案，意為起到激勵作用的東西包括工作的挑戰(zhàn)性和趣味性，以及工作中需承擔(dān)的責(zé)任即最終獲得的認(rèn)可。所以選選項C，即挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。
      【干擾項分析】原文首句雖談及選項A、B、D各項內(nèi)容，但是but轉(zhuǎn)折后全盤否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。
      33.A)Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.A)許多單調(diào)工作繼續(xù)由手工做。
      B)More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.B)越來越多的非技術(shù)工人將失業(yè)。
      C)Computers will change the nature of many jobs.C)電腦將改變很多工作性質(zhì)。
      D)Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.D)無聊的工作將變得快樂。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】從選項內(nèi)容可知，本題考查的是工作的性質(zhì)，應(yīng)注意關(guān)鍵提示詞—tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。
      【正確項分析】此題問到作者對電腦信息時代總結(jié)了什么。從原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there?re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，連接詞however后出現(xiàn)了答案。意為，盡管電腦和機(jī)器人技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，還是存在無聊的、重復(fù)的、機(jī)械性的工作，需要人力完成，對應(yīng)到正確答案A選項中的tedious以及manually。
      34.A)Offer them chances of promotion.A)提供給他們晉升機(jī)會。
      B)Improve their working conditions.B)改善他們的工作條件。
      C)Encourage them to compete with each other.C)鼓勵他們相互競爭。
      D)Give them responsibilities as part of a team.D)給他們責(zé)任，讓他們成為團(tuán)隊一部分。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】此題為一細(xì)節(jié)題。選項B與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。聽音時，注意選項中的promotion，compete和team。
      【正確項分析】原文中激勵超市員工工作是個案，但是問題本身針對的是總結(jié)性的答案。即出現(xiàn)在for example前的總結(jié)句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后強(qiáng)調(diào)的是team，正確答案為選項D。
      35.A)They will not bring real benefits to the staff.A)他們將不能給員工帶來真正利益。
      B)They concern a small number of people only.B)他們與少數(shù)人相關(guān)。
      C)They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.C)是管理人員隨意制定的。
      本文來源考試大網(wǎng)
      D)They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.D)他們超出了普通工人的控制。
      【聽音指導(dǎo)】首先意識到最后一題的答案應(yīng)在文章結(jié)束前幾句找，由各選項可知，所描述的對象并不是積極的，而是有負(fù)面影響的。
      【正確項分析】為什么金錢誘惑刺激不了工作熱情，答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾前30秒處，即Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people，意為團(tuán)隊精神更能激起工作熱情，因為金錢利益最終只會與團(tuán)隊中的個別人相關(guān)。答案為選項B。
      原文及譯文
      It?s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.They are merely satisfiers.Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility.However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there?re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team.For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on.Many people now talk about the importance of a company?s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field.Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people.Unfortunately, there?s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
      33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
      34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?
      35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
      認(rèn)為良好的勞資關(guān)系、愉悅的工作環(huán)境、較高的工資和福利待遇、工作安全性好能夠激勵員工，這是完全符合邏輯的。然而，專家弗洛迪克?赫茲伯格認(rèn)為這些條件并不能激勵員工，只是讓員工得到滿足的物質(zhì)條件而已。相反，激勵因素包括挑戰(zhàn)性和趣味性的工作、認(rèn)可和責(zé)任等。然而，即使隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)和機(jī)器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展，仍有大量無聊的、重復(fù)的和機(jī)械的工作，并且還必須有大量做這些工作的非技術(shù)人員。所以管理人員如何激勵從事這種工作的人呢? 一種解決辦法就是讓他們承擔(dān)責(zé)任，不是作為個人，而是作為團(tuán)隊。例如，有些超市把辦公室人員、填貨人和收銀員編成一組，讓他們決定進(jìn)什么貨、產(chǎn)品如何陳列等?，F(xiàn)在很多人在談?wù)搯T工認(rèn)同的公司的價值觀和公司文化的重要性，如怎樣成為最好的旅館連鎖，或在某一特定領(lǐng)域做最好的，用戶最親善的或者最可靠的產(chǎn)品。這樣的價值觀比那些只與少數(shù)人有關(guān)的財務(wù)目標(biāo)更有可能激勵員工。不幸的是，只有個別公司才會有這樣的目標(biāo)，當(dāng)然，并不是所有的競爭公司在業(yè)界都能做成最好的。
      32：根據(jù)弗洛迪克?赫茲伯格的觀點，什么可以激勵員工?
      33：說話者就計算機(jī)時代的工作發(fā)表了什么觀點?
      34：一些超市為激勵員工采取了什么措施?
      35：為什么說財務(wù)目標(biāo)不太可能激發(fā)員工?
      Section C
      原文重現(xiàn)
      In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways.These methods can be(36)classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.Factual writing provides(37)background information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art.Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or(38)album cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music(39)appreciation course.This kind of writing provides a(40)context for your study of the humanities.As its name(41)implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an(42)image of, a piece of music, art or literature.For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the(43)instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures of sounds in the readers? mind by calling up specific details of the work.(44)Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result.(45)It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a film.This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important.(46)Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of informational writing.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      此次復(fù)合式聽寫的話題比較專業(yè)，介紹了三類寫作題材，即事實性的，描述性的和解說性的。短文結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分。原文中充斥了許多長難詞，致使考生預(yù)讀時就一頭霧水。尤其是全文的首句：In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways.關(guān)鍵是要正確理解humanities(人文學(xué)科)一詞。
      詞匯點撥
      humanities n.人文學(xué)科;context n.環(huán)境，語境，上下文;technique n.技巧
      話題詞匯
      composer n.作曲家
      book jacket 護(hù)封
      instrument n.樂器
      background information 背景知識
      music appreciation 音樂鑒賞
      musical composition 樂曲
      試題詳解
      36.【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)空前后內(nèi)容，可推測此空意為“歸類成……”，輕易可以聯(lián)想到?？荚~classified，構(gòu)成be classified into結(jié)構(gòu)。
      37.【聽音指導(dǎo)】事實性寫作方式會提供什么樣的信息，在預(yù)讀時，很容易將其推測為形容詞，但background是常見詞，而background information作為背景知識，在日常生活中常常用到。
      38.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此空中的內(nèi)容與book，long piece并列，可知此空填寫的詞為名詞，且與book等為一類。album發(fā)音特殊，一般不會與其他詞相混，應(yīng)注意拼寫。
      39.【聽音指導(dǎo)】由題意很容易判斷此部分應(yīng)為音樂鑒賞課，此空的難點在于appreciation(“鑒賞”)這個詞的拼寫。appreciate作動詞，意為鑒賞，此空需要其名詞形式。
      40.【聽音指導(dǎo)】為研究人文學(xué)科提供環(huán)境，其中context是高頻詞，幾乎在每次考試中都能考到，此題不易失分。
      41.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此句話應(yīng)理解為“正如名字所顯示的那樣”，立刻可以聯(lián)系到show等詞，而原文中的imply在以往四級考試中也反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
      42.【聽音指導(dǎo)】描述性的寫作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image這個詞很容易填出。
      43.【聽音指導(dǎo)】作曲家所用的音樂器具，自然為musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
      44.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此段講述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，應(yīng)為總結(jié)性話語。答案為Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing。particularly可替換為especially，be mixed with意為“與……混合”。也可寫為Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能規(guī)避如particularly這樣的長難詞。采分點為descriptive writing和critical writing。
      45.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此段講述的是processing writing，按照慣例此句為對其的總結(jié)性解釋。shoot a film，意為拍電影。采分點為how to do something和 technique。
      46.【聽音指導(dǎo)】整篇文章為總分式，先總述了三種寫作題材，然后分別講述每種寫作題材的適用范圍。此空獨立成句，很可能論述三部分適用范圍的交集。采分點為more than one type of technique is used in
      來源：考試大的美女編輯們
      writing。
      全文精譯
      在人文學(xué)科中，作者可以通過多種寫作方式告知讀者信息。這些方法可分為三類信息寫作題材：事實性的，描述性的和解說性的。事實性寫作提供了一位作家、作曲家或藝術(shù)家或者是一種音樂、文學(xué)或藝術(shù)的背景信息。事實性寫作包括封面上的說明和專輯封面，較長的作品如音樂鑒賞課中可能讀到的描述一種音樂風(fēng)格的文章。這種寫作題材為人文學(xué)科研究提供了依據(jù)。
      正如它的名字所暗示的，描寫性寫作指簡單的描述或為一段音樂、一種藝術(shù)和文學(xué)樹立一種形象。例如，描寫性寫作可能介紹一位藝術(shù)家在畫中用過的色彩，或一位樂器作曲家在音樂作品中所用的樂器。通過具體描述，在讀者的腦海里留下聲音的圖畫。人文學(xué)科中的描寫性寫作，特別在文學(xué)中，經(jīng)常與評論式寫作共同使用。
      解說性寫作是解釋會帶來某種結(jié)果的一系列的行動。它告訴讀者如何做某事，例如，拍電影的技術(shù)。這種寫作往往用于藝術(shù)中，因為理解藝術(shù)家如何創(chuàng)造了一種特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息寫作中，作者可以運用多種寫作技巧。
      Part IV Reading Comprehension
      Section A
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      全文共分為七段。第一段介紹了本文的主題——雙職工家庭中，父親可能比母親對于孩子語言的發(fā)展有更大的影響力。第二至六段介紹研究者們對九十二個家庭的孩子的活動以及父母與之交流的語言進(jìn)行了跟蹤、調(diào)查，最后，當(dāng)孩子們?nèi)龤q時，研究者們對孩子進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的語言測試，并對他們的言語進(jìn)行了分析。研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)父親而非母親的言語對孩子更有影響。最后一段，那達(dá)亞?潘克索發(fā)說可能因為在研究中能力強(qiáng)的母親已經(jīng)對孩子的言語發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，或者可能母親起作用的方式在研究中沒有測量。
      詞匯熱身
      【名詞】aspects 方面;characters 性質(zhì)，特征;quality 質(zhì)量
      【動詞】analyzed 分析;established確定的，證實的;quoted 引用;recruited 招聘，招募;contributing 貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn);describing 描述;recording 記錄
      【形容詞】total 總共的，總計的;unconscious 不知道的，無意識的;unsure不確定;
      【副詞】yet 還，仍舊;already 已經(jīng)
      難句解析
      4.Researchers recruited 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements.【解析】本句的主干是Researchers recruited 92 families，主干之后form 11 child care centers是介詞短語作定語, 修飾families, 而before their children were a year old是時間狀語從句。句子的第二部分interviewing each to… 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作謂語recruit的伴隨狀語。
      【譯文】研究者們從十一個幼兒護(hù)理中心招募了九十二個家庭，他們的孩子都不到一歲，并且逐一了解他們的收入、受教育狀況、以及孩子的照顧情況。
      5.“It?s well established that the mother?s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study.【解析】句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。其中It?s well established that…, 意為“大家公認(rèn)……”，而真正的主語that the mother?s language does have an impact中的does用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“的確，確實”。
      【譯文】該研究的主要作者那達(dá)亞?潘克索發(fā)說：“大家公認(rèn)母親的語言的確有影響力?！?/p>
      試題詳解
      47.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      K【火眼金睛】本句缺少謂語，根據(jù)句中before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的過去時態(tài)，可以斷定謂語動詞應(yīng)使用過去時。根據(jù)句意，備選動詞中recruited符合題意。此外備選詞中analyzed是強(qiáng)干擾項，但其實并不合適，因為“研究者們分析了92個家庭……，并且逐一詢問了他們的收入、受教育狀況、孩子的照顧情況?！逼渲小胺治觥迸c“逐一詢問”在邏輯意義上不符。
      48.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      J【火眼金睛】空格處在with短語中，且應(yīng)該作賓語parents 的補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)為“研究人員將他們與父母雙方在家自由玩耍的情景錄制下來，并記錄他們所有的談話?！笨梢钥闯龃颂幮杼钜粋€動名詞，并含有“記錄”的意思，備選動詞中recording 符合題意。
      49.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 與number之間，可知此處需填入一個形容詞作定語。備選形容詞中total 符合題意，意為“父母親話語總的數(shù)量”。
      50.【快速解題】名詞辨義題。
      來源：考試大
      C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此處需填入名詞，備選名詞只有aspects符合題意，意為“科學(xué)家們測量了父母親話語總的數(shù)量，使用不同詞匯的數(shù)量，他們的語句的復(fù)雜程度以及他們語言的其他方面?！?/p>
      51.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      B【火眼金睛】空格在主語the researchers之后，可知此處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞的過去時態(tài)。剩余的備選動詞中analyzed 符合題意，意為“最后，當(dāng)孩子們?nèi)龤q時，研究者們對孩子進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的語言測試，并對他們的語言進(jìn)行了分析?！?/p>
      52.【快速解題】名詞辨義題。
      H【火眼金睛】空格處前后分別為 the 與of，可知此處需填入名詞，根據(jù)上下文可知該句意為“測試中，預(yù)測高分的指標(biāo)包括母親受教育的程度，養(yǎng)育孩子的質(zhì)量，父親使用不同詞匯的數(shù)量。”備選名詞中quality 符合題意。
      53.【快速解題】形容詞辨義題。
      N【火眼金睛】空格位于be動詞與why 從句之間，可知需填入形容詞或過去分詞，以構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。動詞中的剩余詞匯，均不能使句意通順。備選形容詞中unsure可使句意通順，意為“令研究者們疑惑的是為什么父親而非母親的語言對孩子有影響?！?/p>
      54.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      G【火眼金睛】空格處在is well和that從句之間，此處需要填入過去分詞。備選動詞中established 符合題意, 其中it is well established that…，意為“大家公認(rèn)……”。
      55.【快速解題】副詞辨義題。
      A【火眼金睛】本句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格處需填入一個副詞?？崭袂昂蟮膆ad并不相同，前面的had是構(gòu)成過去完成時態(tài)的助動詞，后面的had是短語have a strong influence on…，結(jié)合句意，備選副詞中already符合題意。
      56.【快速解題】動詞辨義題。
      E【火眼金睛】縱觀全句，空格處應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在分詞，與are構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“最終對于整個學(xué)校的文化氛圍都會產(chǎn)生有益的影響”。備選動詞中contributing符合題意, 意為“可能母親起作用的方式在研究中我們沒有測量。” 全文精譯
      一項新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父親可能比母親對于孩子語言的發(fā)展有更大的影響力。
      研究者們從十一個幼兒護(hù)理中心招募了九十二個家庭，他們的孩子都不到一歲，并且逐一詢問了他們的收入、受教育狀況、孩子的照顧情況。總之，它們都是受過良好教育的中產(chǎn)階級家庭，父母雙親都和孩子住在一起。
      當(dāng)孩子兩歲時，研究人員將他們與父母雙方在家自由玩耍的情景錄制下來，并記錄他們所有的談話。該研究將發(fā)表在《應(yīng)用發(fā)展心理學(xué)雜志》第十一期。
      科學(xué)家們測量了父母親話語總的數(shù)量、使用不同詞匯的數(shù)量、他們的語句的復(fù)雜程度以及他們語言的其他方面。通常，父親比母親說的少，但是在話語的長度和問問題的多少方面，他們沒有差別。
      最后，當(dāng)孩子們?nèi)龤q時，研究人員對孩子進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的語言測試，并對他們的語言進(jìn)行了分析。測試中，預(yù)測高分的指標(biāo)包括母親受教育的程度、養(yǎng)育孩子的質(zhì)量和父親使用不同詞匯的數(shù)量。
      令研究者們疑惑的是為什么父親而非母親的語言對孩子有影響。
      該研究的主要作者那達(dá)亞?潘克索發(fā)說：“大家都公認(rèn)母親的語言的確有影響力?！币部赡芤驗樵谘芯恐心芰?qiáng)的母親已經(jīng)對孩子的語言發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。她又講到，“或者可能母親起作用的方式在研究中我們沒有測量?！?/p>
      Section B
      Passage One
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      本文是一篇議論文，選自《新聞周刊》2008年11月刊，題目為MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介紹作為黑人女性，她更關(guān)注米歇爾?奧巴馬，因為作為準(zhǔn)第一夫人，米歇爾代表的正是人們平時極少接觸的非洲裔女性美國公民。第二至四段介紹過去人們對黑人女性帶有成見的看法，因此米歇爾將代表所有黑人女性來改變世人對她們的看法。最后一段介紹米歇爾作為第一夫人，美國黑人對她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的品質(zhì)。
      核心詞匯
      9.candidate n.候選人，申請求職者
      【文中實例】Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they?ll change America.在這個持久而緊張的選舉中，每個候選人都成為了眾人的焦點，人們關(guān)注著他們?nèi)绾蝸砀淖冋麄€美國。
      【實例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。他作為民主黨候選人參選。
      【舉一反三】同義詞applicant，seeker，nominee n.申請者，候選人
      10.fascinate v.使著迷，使極感興趣
      【文中實例】I?m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, ….我更期待米歇爾?奧巴馬，不止期待著她能夠為這個國家做些什么，……。
      【實例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy.她的美貌使所有的男孩子都著了迷。
      【舉一反三】派生詞 fascinated a.著迷的;fascinating a.令人著迷的;fascination n.魅力
      11.prevailing a.普遍的，盛行的，流行的
      考試大論壇
      【文中實例】The prevailing theory seems to be that we?re all hot-tempered single mothers who can?t keep a man.時下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾氣暴躁的單身媽媽，吸引不住男人。
      【實例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化價值觀
      【舉一反三】派生詞prevail(over)v.勝過，壓倒，占優(yōu)勢
      12.stereotype n.陳規(guī)，固定的看法
      【文中實例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can?t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.在人們的想象中，黑人女性給人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧視，性交過度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老媽養(yǎng)大。
      【實例拓展】It?s wrong to stereotype people, as if they were all alike.把人們看作都是一樣的，這是錯誤的。
      【舉一反三】派生詞stereotype v.使模式化 stereotyped a.固定化的，老一套的 13.commit v.承諾，使受約束
      【文中實例】Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, …在有機(jī)會作為第一夫人去成就一番事業(yè)，去做慈善或辦基金會之前，……。
      【實例拓展】He has committed himself to support them.他答應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)他們的生活。
      【舉一反三】派生詞committed a.堅定的，忠誠的;commitment n.承諾，諾言
      6.feature n.特寫，專題報道
      【文中實例】Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women,….因為主流的媒體們都未曾深入地報道過普通非洲裔美國女性，……。
      【實例拓展】a frontpage feature on coal mining 頭版上關(guān)于采煤的特寫
      【舉一反三】詞義擴(kuò)展feature n.特征，容貌;v.以……為特征，特寫
      難句解析
      1.For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university?s budget.【解析】when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其后是主句，該主句中的familiar with the state government是形容詞短語作定語，修飾leader;而句末a major source of the university?s budget 是同位語來說明the state government。
      【譯文】例如，科羅拉多大學(xué)董事會在遴選新校長時，他們想聘用一個與州政府熟悉的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，因為州政府是學(xué)校的主要資金來源。
      2.In 2003，when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale?s financial position.”
      【解析】句首的when 從句是非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明2003。句子的主句是the university…stressed that…，其中that引出賓語從句。賓語從句中的主句為she had overseen a major strengthening。
      【譯文】2003年，劍橋大學(xué)任命前耶魯大學(xué)教務(wù)長艾莉森?理查德為副校長。學(xué)校公開強(qiáng)調(diào)艾莉森之前的工作確保了“耶魯大學(xué)財政狀況良好”。
      3.The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.【解析】本句的主干簡單易懂，是The globalization of education means…。但其后的賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，該從句的主干是more universities will be seeking heads，heads 之后的with international experience of some kind 是介詞短語做定語。句末的to promote international programs and attract a global student body是目的狀語。
      來源：考試大
      【譯文】教育全球化意味著更多的大學(xué)將要聘用那些具有國際經(jīng)驗的校長，以促進(jìn)國際間項目的合作，招收留學(xué)生。
      試題詳解
      62.What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? 62.文章中討論的目前高等教育的趨勢是什么?
      A)Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.A)世界范圍的高校正在從美國聘請管理人員。
      B)A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.B)大量政治活動家被聘為管理人員。
      C)American universities are enrolling more international students.C)美國大學(xué)擴(kuò)招留學(xué)生.D)University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising D)大學(xué)校長更加注重籌措資金。
      【快速解題】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中the current trend in higher education，定位答案在第二段最后兩句。
      【正確項分析】根據(jù)這兩句話Yet the talent flow isn?t universal.High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.如今，高等教育已成為極具競爭力的商業(yè)行為，并且日漸國際化。但是人才的流動并不是世界性的。高層的管理人員往往來自一個地方：美國。選項A意思與之相近，故選擇A。
      【干擾項分析】根據(jù)第三段末“籌措資金的能力在很大程度上依靠經(jīng)驗，也是美國校長必須具備的能力”，D項表述與原文不符。B、C項文中均未提及。
      63.What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? 62.在聘請高層管理人員時，美國大學(xué)主要考慮的問題是什么?
      A)The political correctness.A)政治方向的準(zhǔn)確性。
      B)Their ability to raise funds.B)籌措資金的能力。
      C)Their fame in academic circles.C)學(xué)術(shù)界的聲譽(yù)。
      D)Their administrative experience.D)管理經(jīng)驗。
      【快速解題】語義理解題。根據(jù)題干中the chief consideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。
      【正確項分析】在第三段The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising。選項B中的raise funds表示“籌款”。答案為B選項。
      64.What do we learn about European universities from the passage? 64.從文章中可以了解關(guān)于歐洲大學(xué)的哪些信息?
      A)The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.A)學(xué)費迅速上漲。
      B)Their operation is under strict government supervision.B)學(xué)校運轉(zhuǎn)受到政府嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督。
      C)They are strengthening their position by globalization.C)他們通過全球化強(qiáng)化自己的位置。
      D)Most of their revenues come from the government.D)大部分資金來源于政府。
      【快速解題】語義理解題。根據(jù)題干European universities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。
      【正確項分析】根據(jù)第四段第一、二句Many European universities are still mostly dependent on government funding.But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number。即很多歐洲大學(xué)仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入?yún)s沒能跟上不斷擴(kuò)大的學(xué)生規(guī)模。因此可知學(xué)校的大部分資金來源于政府，故選擇D選項。
      【干擾項分析】B項是強(qiáng)干擾項，根據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知很多歐洲大學(xué)仍然依靠政府投入，但卻沒有提及學(xué)校運轉(zhuǎn)受到政府的嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督。A、C項文中均未提及。
      65.Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _______? 65.牛津大學(xué)為什么任命艾莉森?理查德為副校長?
      A)She was known to be good at raising money.A)她在籌措資金方面有名
      來源：004km.cn
      B)She could help strengthen its ties with Yale.B)她可以加強(qiáng)與耶魯大學(xué)的聯(lián)系
      C)She knew how to attract students overseas C)她知道如何吸引海外學(xué)生。
      D)she had boosted Yale?s academic status.D)她提升了耶魯大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)地位
      【快速解題】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。
      【正確項分析】根據(jù)the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale?s financial position.”，學(xué)校公開強(qiáng)調(diào)艾莉森之前的工作確保了“耶魯大學(xué)財政狀況良好”。由此可知她有很強(qiáng)的籌措資金的能力，故選A選項。
      66.In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? 66.外國的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)從哪些方面促進(jìn)了學(xué)校的發(fā)展?
      A)They can enhance the university?s image.A)他們可以提升學(xué)校的形象
      B)They will bring with them more international faculty.B)他們可以帶來更多國際化人才
      C)They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.C)他們將從新的角度審視問題。
      D)They can set up new academic disciplines.D)他們能創(chuàng)立新的學(xué)科
      【快速解題】語義理解題。根據(jù)題干top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development答案定位在末段末句。
      【正確項分析】該句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices，告訴讀者外國人能夠給學(xué)校業(yè)已成立的體系帶來新的活力。此意與C選項的意思相近，故選C選項 全文精譯
      2009年畢業(yè)的高中生進(jìn)入牛津大學(xué)的同時，他們也會迎來一個新的面孔，安德魯 ?漢密爾頓，55歲的耶魯大學(xué)教務(wù)長。他將入主牛津，職位相當(dāng)于美國大學(xué)的校長。
      漢密爾頓并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外國任職的教育家。法國、埃及、新家坡等一些國家的學(xué)校近年來紛紛從國外聘請學(xué)校的高層管理人員。像其他商業(yè)活動一樣，如今，高等教育已成為極具競爭力的商業(yè)行為，并且日漸國際化。但是人才的流動并不是世界性的。高層的管理人員往往來自一個地方：美國。
      其主要原因是許多學(xué)校并不真地想從國外引進(jìn)人才。例如，科羅拉多大學(xué)董事會在遴選新校長時，想聘用一個與州政府熟悉的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，因為州政府是學(xué)校的主要資金來源?！拔覀儾粫谌蚍秶鷥?nèi)聘用校長”，帕特立夏?海說，該校最終聘用了布魯斯?本森，69歲的科羅拉多州商人、政治活動家。他能夠勝任現(xiàn)代大學(xué)校長的職務(wù)：籌措資金。籌措資金為美國大學(xué)所特有，因為美國大學(xué)的運轉(zhuǎn)主要依賴捐款?；I措資金的能力在很大程度上依靠經(jīng)驗，也是美國校長必須具備的能力。
      與此同時，很多歐洲大學(xué)仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入?yún)s沒能跟上不斷擴(kuò)大的學(xué)生規(guī)模。政府投入的減少，使得籌措資金成為學(xué)校管理部門的當(dāng)務(wù)之急，于是對美國的人才求賢若渴。
      在過去幾年里，世界各地的優(yōu)秀學(xué)校都加入了這一行列。2003年，劍橋大學(xué)任命前耶魯大學(xué)教務(wù)長艾莉森?理查德為副校長。學(xué)校公開強(qiáng)調(diào)艾莉森之前的工作確保了“耶魯大學(xué)財政狀況良好”。
      當(dāng)然，這些外國管理者不僅只是籌措資金。教育全球化意味著更多的大學(xué)將要聘用那些具有國際經(jīng)驗的校長，以促進(jìn)國際間項目的合作，招收留學(xué)生。外國人能夠給學(xué)校業(yè)已成立的體系帶來新的活力。
      Part V Cloze
      篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
      本次完形填空選自2009年1月20日004km.cn
      人們需要一個“中年回首”的機(jī)會來適應(yīng)以后的工作生涯，規(guī)劃退休后的角色轉(zhuǎn)化。這種轉(zhuǎn)化可以發(fā)生在五十歲到九十多歲的漫長時間內(nèi)。應(yīng)該有更多的資金來保證人們塑造個性和在“第三年齡段”發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。
      命題風(fēng)向標(biāo)
      2009年12月19日的大學(xué)英語四級考試已經(jīng)塵埃落定，縱觀本次考試的完形填空題型，難度與往年相比差別不大。
      與往年有所不同的是本次考試完形填空首段沒有空格，這無疑增加了信息的傳達(dá)，一定程度上減少了解題的難度。盡管首段沒有空格，但考生對于首段應(yīng)該給予足夠的重視，因為往往它就是文章的中心，它體現(xiàn)的觀點決定全文的觀點，所以多花一點時間看首段是值得的。
      詞匯辨析仍然是考察的重點，如68，69，75，76，81，83，84，85，86。主要以近義詞、形近異義詞辨析為主。其中不乏難度詞匯：adequate，superior，regulations，stability，ratio，realms，assets等。有關(guān)考察邏輯關(guān)系的題目出現(xiàn)頻率較高，如72，78，80，81，83，85，86，但難度都不是很大，根據(jù)上下文語意均可輕松化解。
      另外，考生在選擇時還要根據(jù)上下文的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)以及這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來確定答案。由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，圍繞一個話題論述，因此在行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個原則，某一個空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞：原詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等。如70 challenges，71題retirement，73題learning等，都是在全文中復(fù)現(xiàn)較高的字眼。因此，在做完形填空時要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。
      Part Ⅵ Translation
      87.had followed my instructions/orders
      【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主語是You。謂語動詞是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
      【要點解析】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。①if從句的虛擬語氣考查，根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。②“按照……的指令”可表達(dá)為follow my instructions/orders。③ 根據(jù)主句的would not have failed 結(jié)構(gòu)就可以推斷這是對過去事實的虛擬，那么從句則是had+done 結(jié)構(gòu)，所以答案為you had followed my instructions/orders。
      【原句精譯】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不會失敗了。
      88.gave up pursuing knowledge
      【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句的主語是Mark。謂語是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
      【要點解析】本題考查動詞give的搭配。①“放棄”可譯為give up。②encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意為“遇到困難”。需要填寫的部分應(yīng)該采用過去時。③“對知識的追求”可譯為pursuing knowledge.【原句精譯】盡管馬克遇到困難，但是他從未放棄對知識的追求。
      【能力拓展】動詞give的常見搭配。①give up放棄，交出 例：When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你畢業(yè)后會不會放棄學(xué)習(xí)? ②give oneself up to獻(xiàn)身于，沉溺于，熱衷于 例：The boy gives himself up to electronic games.這個男孩沉溺于電子游戲。③give away泄露，出賣 例：He gave my secret away.他泄露了我的秘密。④give in屈服，讓步 例：You must give in your examination papers now.你們現(xiàn)在必須把試卷交上來。
      89.before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
      【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主語是Scientists，謂語是agree，that it will be a long time是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
      【要點解析】“治愈”可譯為cure，而不應(yīng)譯為treat，treat是“治療”的意思。cure有療法的意思，所以治愈癌癥的方法還可以譯為cure for cancer。根據(jù)句子的已知部分，可以判斷出填寫的部分用一般現(xiàn)在時
      【原句精譯】科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，要過很長時間才能找到治愈癌癥的方法。
      【能力拓展】before引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。①句型A：it+be+一段時間+before…：意思是“要過很久才會……”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months;it will be a long time before we meet them again.實地考察要花約翰和邁克五個月的時間;他們過很久才會再見面。②句型B：it was some time before…：意思是“在……之前過了一段時間”。例：He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work.他被告知至少過三個月才能康復(fù)，重返工作崗位。
      90.keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers
      【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主語是Production，謂語是has to be increased，后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的狀語。
      【要點解析】 ① 固定搭配“與……保持同步”，可以翻譯為keep pace with 或keep up with。②“不斷增長的”，可以翻譯為increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻譯為demands或needs。④“消費者”翻譯為consumer。
      【原句精譯】只有大幅提高產(chǎn)量才能與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步。
      【能力拓展】①keep pace with和……并駕齊驅(qū)，跟上 例：We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology.我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)才能跟上現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展。②keep up with趕得上，和……保持聯(lián)系 例：Students must work hard to keep up with their school work.學(xué)生必須努力學(xué)習(xí)才能跟上功課。
      91.the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold
      【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的前半部分是從句，后半部分是主句。主句的主語是You。謂語是will have?！疽c解析】本題主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法與the more，the more一致，可翻譯為“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻譯為be likely to do sth;②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻譯為catch a cold。
      【原句精譯】鍛煉越多，你越不大可能感冒。
      【能力拓展】“越……越……”句型：這種句型表達(dá)為：the+比較級+句子，the+比較級+句子。若the more修飾名詞，則名詞要提前，直接置于the more后，如試題中句子：The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold
      第二篇：歷年英語四級答案
      2018年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.A)The return of a bottled message to its owner'sdaughter.2.B)She wanted to honor her father's promise.3.B)Several cases of Zika disease had beenidentified.4.C)It lost a huge stock of bees.5.A)It stayed in the air for about two hours.6.C)Inadequate funding.7.D)It is more environmentally friendly.8.A)It seems a depressing topic.9.D)They can't make it to the theatre in time.10.C)It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.11.B)Go and see the dance.12.D)She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.13.C)Participate in after-school activities.14.A)Give her help whenever she needs it.15.D)She has just transferred to the college.16.B)To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.17.A)When they are hungry.18.C)They prefer to be with other mice.19.D)It is one of the best in the world.20.B)To move troops quickly from place to place.21.A)In the 1970s.22.B)Messaging while driving.23.D)A device to ensure people drive with both hands.24.C)They are alerted with a light and a sound.25.B)Using a connected app.2017年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.D)Her little brother.2.B)By selling lemonade and pictures.3.B)Providing clean energy to five million people.4.C)They can be laid right on top of existinghighways.5.C)Endless fighting in the region.6.D)To find evidence of the existence of the “l(fā)ostlions”.7.A)Lions' tracks.8.D)Her 'lucky birthday'.9.A)Threw her a surprise party.10.C)The trip her husband has planned.11.B)He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.12.D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13.A)They know when to stop.14.B)They learn quickly.15.C)Get to know the other side.16.A)How space research benefits people on Earth.17.C)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18.B)They are extremely accurate.19.C)It marked the beginning of something new.20.D)They believed in working for goals.21.B)Doing needlework by the fire.22.A)Sit down and try to calm yourself.23.C)You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.24.A)Walk uphill.25.D)Inform somebody of your plan.2017年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.B.The test driver made a wrong judgement 2.D.They have generally done quite well 3.A.He works at a national park 4.B.They were making a lot of noise 5.A.The discovery of a new species of snake 6.C.A snake crawled onto his head in his sleep 7.D.From its colour 8.C.His flight is leaving in less than 2 hours 9.B.By credit card 10.A.Give him a receipt 11.D.Posting a comment on the hotel's webpage 12.C.He has stopped making terrible faces 13.D.Warn him of danger by making up a story 14.A.They could break people's legs 15.B.One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair 16.A.Everything seemed to be changing.17.B.Meeting people.18.C.He was a young student in the 1960s.19.A.They avoid looking at them.20.D.It focus its eye on their mouths.21.C.By taking in their facial expressions as a whole.22.C.They resort to different means to survive the bitter cold.23.B.They consume the energy stored before the long sleep.24.D.By storing enough food beforehand 25.A.To stay safe
      2016年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.A.It was dangerous to live in.2.B.A storm.3.B.They were trapped in an underground elevator.4.C.They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5.D.Close some of its post offices.6.C.Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A.Many post office staff will lose their jobs.8.D.He will lose part of his pay.9.B.He is a trustworthy guy.10.D.She is better at handling such matters.11.C.He is always trying to stir up trouble.12.D.Reserved.13.A.They stay quiet.14.C.She was never invited to a colleague's home.15.B.Houses provide more privacy.16 D.They will automatically be given hiring priority.17 C.Visit the school careers service.18 B.Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19.C.It may be sold at a higher price.20.A.It is healthier than green tea.21.D.It does not have a stable market.22.B.They prefer unique objects of high quality.23.B.They could only try to create at night.24.A.Make wise choices.25.A.To boost the local economy.2016年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.C)Rising unemployment worldwide.2.C)Few countries have realized the seriousnessof the current crisis.3.B)Put calorie information on the menu.4.A)They will be fined.5.D)Failure to integrate innovation into theirbusiness.6.B)It is the creation of something new.7.C)Its innovation culture.12.A)He wants to change his job assignment.13.A)His workload was much too heavy.14.C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.15.D)Talk to his boss in person first.16 A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life 17 C)They get less and less sleep 18 D)Their blood pressure will rise 19.B)What course you are going to choose 20.D)The personal statement
      21.C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject 22 B)It was built in the late 19th century.23 D)They often broke down.24 A)They were produced on the assembly line.25 C)It marked a new era in motor travel.2015年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.C.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.2.B.At a gift shop.3.D.He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.A.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6.D.The way to the visitor's parking.7.B.He has benefited from exercise.8.D.The secretaries in the man's company.9.B.It is used by more people than English.10.C.The influence of the British Empire.11.A.It includes a lot of words from other languages.12.C.To place an order 13.B.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.D.It depends on a number of factors.15.C.Ring back when she comes to a decision.16.A)No one knows for sure when they came into being.17.D)Carry ropes across rivers.18.C)To prove that lightening is electricity.19.C)She can speak several languages.20.B)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22.B)Taste the beef and give her comment.23.D)He grew up in a poor single parent family.24.A)Stupid 25.B)Write two book reports a week.(26)heavenly(27)fascinating(28)made up of(29)Now and then(30)combine with(31)generally(32)characteristics(33)phenomenon(34)naked(35)relatively
      2015年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1-8：ADBDCBBA 9-12：CDCB 13-15：ADA 16-18：BDC 19-21：ABB 22-25：CADB 26.prospering 27.decade 28.opposite 29.sustain 30.In simple terms 31.establish 32.reasonably 33.take into account 34.misleading 35.using up
      2014年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1-8：BDCCCBAA 9-11：CBD 12-15：BCBC 16-18：ADC 19-21：ADA 22-25：CDAB 26.land on 27.sharp 28.fill in for 29.probably 30.resemble 31.focuses on 32.specialize 33.timing 34.invented 35.figured out
      2014年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1.B 本題考查計劃或者建議?？键c在第二個男士的提議。Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.strain: v.表示拉伸，扭傷，strain your shoulder 拉傷肩膀。
      2.D 本題考查對話場景。通過女士提到的“new exhibits”和男士提到的“favorite painters”可推出：Outsidean art gallery.3.B 本題考查語義推斷。考點在第二個女士的回應(yīng)，面對男士的說法，她并沒有表示認(rèn)同，而是婉轉(zhuǎn)表達(dá)了質(zhì)疑?！皍nfair evaluation”意思是“不公平的評價”。
      4.C 2014年6月四級聽力短對話解析：本題考查事實細(xì)節(jié)。考點在第二個男士的話。原文中男士說的 “dosome of them”指的就是修理書架。
      5.D 本題考查因果關(guān)系。考點在第二個男士所解釋的原因?！皃osition”即“職位”，“firm”即“公司”，“turndown”是拒絕的意思，與問題中的“quit”即“放棄，辭職”的意思相同。
      6.A 本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？键c在第二個男士語義轉(zhuǎn)折之后的內(nèi)容。選項 中的“finish”同義替換原文中的 “getit over”，而 “as soon as possible”則改寫了
      “within this weekend”.7.D 本題考查事實細(xì)節(jié)?？键c在第二個男士所說的話，習(xí)慣用語 “dirt cheap”就是“很便宜，白菜價”的意思。選項D中的 “inexpensive”同義改寫了“dirt cheap”。
      8.B 本題考查語義推斷?？键c要結(jié)合女士的提問和男士的回答?！癿echanic”指“機(jī)械工”，“busrepairers”指“公車修理師”。Conversation One：
      9.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：前2句都是禮節(jié)性問答，第3句開始出現(xiàn)新人物 “Janet Holmes”, 即考點預(yù)警信號。關(guān)鍵信息就是女士接下來的回答： submitted a job application提交工作申請，asked her infor an interview 通知她面試，對應(yīng)A選項：She had a job interview to attend.10.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：前文剛剛提到“Janet Holmes”所遇到的問題(因面試不能上課交作業(yè))，接著就提到了解決這一問題的方法，關(guān)鍵聽取原文中“I’m calling to see whether it would be OK if Igave you her essay.”對應(yīng)選項C：Submit her roommate’s assignment。
      11.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：從四個選項都以特殊疑問詞開頭的特征可以預(yù)判，本題考點是某人的疑問。關(guān)鍵信息是女士在最后所提到的問題：“And Dr.Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me whereyour office is?”對應(yīng)選項A.Where Dr.Ellis’s office is located.Conversation Two：
      12.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：第一題完全符合“前3句出考點”的套路，考點信息出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 “But”之后：“But it’s bearable now that I’ m used to it”。bearable 表示可以忍受的，be used to 表示為習(xí)慣做某事。對應(yīng)選項C：He can handle it quite well.13.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：本題考查時間細(xì)節(jié)，所聽即所選。關(guān)鍵信息是“It was terrible atfirst, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train” 對應(yīng)選項B：The 6:30 train.14.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：本題考點再次出現(xiàn)在明顯信號詞But之后：“But now I quite enjoyit.”對應(yīng)選項C：The time on the train is enjoyable 15.2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：長對話最后一題往往對應(yīng)整個對話的結(jié)尾部分。女士最后問男士在車上如何消磨時光，男士的回答則是考點信息：“In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papersto catch up with the news.”對應(yīng)選項A：Reading newspapers.Section B 16.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：根據(jù)短文理解“前3句出考點”原則，如果本文前1、2句的因果關(guān)系沒有成為考點，考點則順延到第3句和第4句，關(guān)鍵信息為“They need to extract as much information aspossible from the first or second reading.” extract表示提取、選取，對應(yīng)選項D：Get keyinformation by reading just once or twice.17.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：從第二段開始，marking skill被反復(fù)提到，無疑是重要考點。就做標(biāo)記的技巧，作者一共提了3個建議，其中
      “Third, decide on your own system for marking”幾乎完整地被選項A照搬下來：Choose one's own system of marking.根據(jù)所聽基本即所選原則，答案就是A。18.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：最后一題考察了轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)，考點信息出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 ‘Instead”之后：“Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.”對應(yīng)選項B：Byreviewing only the marked parts.19.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：答案出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 “But”之后，即：“But everyone needs somerest to stay alive.”對應(yīng)選項D：Everybody needs some sleep for survival.20.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：答案出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 “But”之后，即：“But a man named AlHerpin turned out to be a rare exception”對應(yīng)選項C：It is a rare exception.rare表示稀有的，少見的。
      21.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：根據(jù)順序出題原則，本題對應(yīng)文章結(jié)尾部分。文章最后提到醫(yī)生對AlHerpin不用睡覺感到困惑，緊接著就解釋了原因?！癱lue”（表示線索）是本題的考點信號詞，隨后就是考點信息:“He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he hadbeen born.” 對應(yīng)選項B：His mother's injury just before his birth.22.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題略有難度?？键c即沒有出現(xiàn)在前3句話，也沒有出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞之后，但是只要提前記好了本題關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)“所聽基本即所選”原則還是可以找到答案C：She developed a strong interest in finance.該選項對應(yīng)原文信息
      “At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and openedher own bank account.”
      23.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題略有難度?？键c緊跟在上一題考點句之后，即 “Her father diedwhen she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars.”對應(yīng)選項D.She inherited a big fortunefrom her father.24.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題難度較大。錯誤選項中的細(xì)節(jié)有較強(qiáng)干擾性，但如果考生對最后一段的整體結(jié)構(gòu)有所把握，并且知道第一句中提到的“meanness”的意思，即：吝嗇，小氣，就能理解后文內(nèi)容都屬于次要信息，是對meanness的舉例說明。對應(yīng)選項A.She was extremely mean with her money.25.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題考點就是本文最后一句話 “her daughter built a hospital with hermoney”對應(yīng)選項B.She built a hospital with her mother's money.26.identical 27.approach 28.back and forth 29.opposite 30.indicates 31.referring to 32.parallel to 33.reserved 34.at a right angle 35.embarrassing
      2013年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      1-25 DBACB CADBA CBDDC ABDBC ACDBA 26.apart and alone 27.instead of 28.Similar 29.custom 30.Controlled 31.Define 32.exist 33.Departures 34.startled 35.Cheeks 2013年6月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      【聽力部分：短對話】
      11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.C 【長對話】
      19.B 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A 【篇章聽力】
      26.D 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.D 【復(fù)合式聽寫】 36.especially 37.driven 38.owned 39.commit 40.debts 41.services 42.operates 43.shocking 44.The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper 45.Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don't want to ruin the story for you 46.They are not realistic.But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with human nature 2012年12月英語四級聽力真題（第一套）
      11-15BADAA 16-20DBBCA 21-25DCDCA 26-30BCDAC 31-35DDBCB 36.selection 37.knowledge 38.vegetables 39.purchase 40.determines 41.single 42.responsible 43.rush 44.Partly as a consequence of this limitedtime, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens 45.The United States Department ofAgriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accuraterecords 46.Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer anAmerican favorite
      第三篇：英語四級真題及答案
      1991年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案
      41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other
      (B)more(D)other
      42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment
      (B)reaction(D)opinion
      43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing
      (B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing
      44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false
      (B)unnatural(D)unreal
      45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides
      (B)affects(D)effects
      46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?
      (A)in relation to(C)in excess of
      (B)in contrast to(D)in favor of
      47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose
      (B)in person(D)by nature
      48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have
      (B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having
      49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking
      (B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke
      50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going
      (B)than going(D)rather than to go
      51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited
      (B)to have invited(D)being invited
      52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account
      (B)counting(D)observation
      53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done
      (B)must not have done(D)can not have done
      54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up
      (B)takes over(D)takes in
      55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away
      (B)got across(D)got over
      56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace
      (B)speed(D)growth
      57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is
      (B)rarely is(D)is scarcely
      58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing
      (B)being known(D)known
      59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused
      (B)neglected(D)denied
      60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough
      (B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large
      61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to
      (B)hold to(D)see to
      62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than
      (B)then(D)until
      63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that
      (B)which(D)whose
      64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to
      (B)enough to(D)much so as to
      65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed
      (B)guilty(D)miserable
      66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during
      (B)at(D)over
      67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
      (A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose
      (B)you suppose(D)you would suppose
      68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except
      (B)Besides(D)Despite
      69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having
      (B)has(D)to have
      70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself
      (B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself
      41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C
      51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A
      61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A
      第四篇：2013年12月英語四級答案
      2013年12月英語四級答案
      整理版本
      翻譯1
      “你要茶還是咖啡？”是用餐人常被問到的問題，許多西方人會選咖啡，而中國人則會選茶，相傳，中國的一位翻譯【H整合版】
      翻譯1
      “你要茶還是咖啡？”是用餐人常被問到的問題，許多西方人會選咖啡，而中國人則會選茶，相傳，中國的一位帝王于五千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來治病，在明清（theqingdynasties）期間，茶館遍布全國，飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料（beverage）之一，茶是中國的瑰寶。也是中國傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分。“Would you like tea or coffee?” Meals are frequently asked questions, many westerners will choose coffee, and the Chinese will choose tea, according to legend, a Chinese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago, and used to heal, in the Ming and qing dynasties , tea houses all over the country, tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States, but it was not until the 18th century today, tea is one of the most popular beveragein the world, tea is the treasure of China.Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.翻譯2
      許多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)，精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看，烹飪技藝和配料在中國各地差別很大，良好的烹飪都有一個共同點，總是要考慮到顏色、味道口感和營養(yǎng)，由于食物對健康至關(guān)重要。好的廚師總是努力在谷物、內(nèi)類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。
      Many people love Chinese food, in China, cooking is regarded as not only a skill, but also is regarded as a kind of art, carefully prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking, cooking techniques and ingredients throughout China difference is very big, good cooking all have one thing in common, and always want to consider the color, smell, taste and nutrition, as the food is very important to health.A good cook always tries to balance within grains, and vegetables, so Chinese food is both delicious and healthy.翻譯3中國結(jié)：
      Chinese knotThewas originally invented by the craftsmen。
      After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，Has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts。In ancient times，People use it to record the event，But now used mainly for decorative purposes，Theknot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation, it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world
      Part II
      1.B）Time off.2.D）about neither work nor family
      3.C）work attitude.4.D）1990’s.5.D）for a living.6.C）a high salary
      7.A）find another job in case they are fired
      8.manpower to put together each one
      9.preferred to
      10.remains to be seen
      Part Ⅳ
      57.A math skills.58.B)percent.59.B)primary school.60.D)every 61.C)British 62.D)Hot Spots63.B)many 64.C)governments 65.A)protecting 66.B)Neutral.第一套
      文章開頭The mobile
      messages 37 characters 38 amounted39violated 40 increasingly
      40accessing 41 fresh 42 attract 43 ignore 44 casual
      文章開頭A mess on
      G until now 47 F many 48D the US 49 B by the 50 I so what
      A throughout 52 I so what 53.H those 54.D the US 55.E part
      文章開頭A new study
      the gend 57 they tend 58 her study 59 more female 60 gender
      文章開頭The number of
      the erve-rising 62 how to obtain 63 A sub 64 their childen find 65give
      第三套
      文章開頭To get a sense
      site37 rare 38 exposing 39 virtully 40 different 41 honoring 42 covers 43 hope 44 realistic 45 fast
      文章開頭Is college
      K what47 C for my 48 J we 49 B the answer 50 H James 51D the average 52 J we 5
      3.C for my 54 L Heckman 55.F promotion
      文章開頭A recent globle
      they love57 neither of them is subjected 60 they prevent
      文章開頭When we talk
      整理所有的 選詞/閱讀
      選詞填空第四
      卷：36-45 J due to A science C research O students H cutting36-46 M applying to E has increased L has been F application.I encourage長篇閱讀第四
      卷：36-45 J become A rate of COH MELFI 46-55 CFHDA IABGE仔細(xì)閱讀第四卷56-65 BDCBC BACCA
      題目 A new study
      what is the finding 選D
      what dose ann 選B
      what do we learn 選c
      what does ann mari may imply 選A
      on what 選D
      第一套
      文章開頭The mobile
      messages 37 characters 38 amounted39violated 40 increasingly
      40accessing 41 fresh 42 attract 43 ignore 44 casual
      文章開頭A mess on
      G until now 47 F many 48D the US 49 B by the 50 I so what
      A throughout 52 I so what 53.H those 54.D the US 55.E part
      文章開頭A new study
      the gend 57 they tend 58 her study 59 more female 60 gender
      文章開頭The number of
      the erve-rising 62 how to obtain 63 A sub 64 their childen find 65give
      閱讀開頭是：in recent years
      答案：56B：what ingredient
      57D：so hungry、58B：response to food
      59C：fewer calories
      60B：hunger levers
      第三套
      文章開頭To get a sense
      site37 rare 38 exposing 39 virtully 40 different 41 honoring 42 covers 43 hope 44 realistic 45 fast
      文章開頭Is college
      K what47 C for my 48 J we 49 B the answer 50 H James 51D the average 52 J we 5
      3.C for my 54 L Heckman 55.F promotion
      文章開頭A recent globle
      they love57 neither of them is subjected 60 they prevent
      文章in erceni years
      what do wa learn 選c 59 what does 選c60 what is mean 選B
      A How we..57 C..have a good appetitude 58 B food labels may responce..59 C concentrate..60 D good eating habits..61Bitprepares62 A ignoring63Cnew positiong 64C basic skills65Davoiding
      閱讀開頭是：in recent years答案：56B：what ingredient57D：so hungry、58B：response to food59C：fewer calories60B：hunger levers
      試卷三：36 I promote
      Dexvessive
      K specialized
      39Eexperienced
      40Jqualified
      41G graduate
      42M trained
      43C demand
      45L tension
      整理版：卷三，閱讀，選詞填空：
      What does it take to be a well...36 promote 37 experience 38 additional 39 specialied40 qualifies 41 graduates 42 trained 43 tension 44 view 45 demand
      閱讀第一篇 in recent years，a growing body.....56 A How we..57 C..have a good appetitude 58 B food labels may responce..59 C concentrate..60 D good eating habits
      閱讀第2
      篇 As a society we may rethink.....61Bitprepares62 A ignoring63Cnew positiong 64C basic skills65Davoiding
      翻譯三：（題目：中國結(jié)，）
      The Chinese knot was first invented by handicraftman.After hundreds of years's improvement,it has become a elegant and beautiful art and technology.In ancient times,people used the knots to record events.But now,it is mainly used for decoration.“Knot”stands for love,marriage and unite in Chinese.The Chinese knots are always being regarded as gifts or decoretions for good luck and exorcising evil spirits.After passing down from generetions,this kind of handicraft has become more and more popular in China and the world at large.卷三閱讀
      one開頭是：in recent years
      56B：what ingredient
      57D：so hungry、58B：response to food
      59Cfewer calories
      60B：hunger levers
      two開頭是AS a society
      答案是61D:it ensures
      62A：Ignoring
      63C：New positions
      64C：Basic skills
      65B:Investing
      第一套
      文章開頭The mobile
      messages 37 characters 38 amounted39violated 40 increasingly
      40accessing 41 fresh 42 attract 43 ignore 44 casual
      文章開頭A mess on
      G until now 47 F many 48D the US 49 B by the 50 I so what
      A throughout 52 I so what 53.H those 54.D the US 55.E part
      文章開頭A new studyq12470755
      the gend 57 they tend 58 her study 59 more female 60 gender
      文章開頭The number of
      the erve-rising 62 how to obtain 63 A sub 64 their childen find 65give
      閱讀二
      題目 A new study
      what is the finding 選D
      what dose ann 選B
      what do we learn 選c
      what does ann mari may imply 選A
      on what 選D
      閱讀一： 文章in erceni years
      what do wa learn 選c
      what does 選c
      what is mean 選B
      卷二，跟閱讀二是一套卷，文章開頭The mobile
      messages 37 characters 38 amounted39violated 40 increasingly
      40accessing 41 fresh 42 attract 43 ignore 44 casual
      文章開頭A mess on
      G until now 47 F many 48D the US 49 B by the 50 I so what
      A throughout 52 I so what 53.H those 54.D the US 55.E part
      文章開頭A new study
      the gend 57 they tend 58 her study 59 more female 60 gender
      文章開頭The number of
      the erve-rising 62 how to obtain 63 A sub 64 their childen find 65give
      整理所有的 選詞/閱讀
      選詞填空第四
      卷：36-45 J due to A science C research O students H cutting36-46 M applying to E has increased L has been F application.I encourage長篇閱讀第四
      卷：36-45 J become A rate of COH MELFI 46-55 CFHDA IABGE仔細(xì)閱讀第四卷56-65 BDCBC BACCA
      題目 A new study56 what is the finding 選D57 what dose ann 選B58 what do we learn 選c59 what does ann mari may imply 選A60 on what 選D第一套文章開頭
      The mobile 36 messages 37 characters 38 amounted39violated 40 increasingly 40accessing 41 fresh 42 attract 43 ignore 44 casual文章開頭
      A mess on 46 G until now 47 F many 48D the US 49 B by the 50 I so what 51 A throughout 52 I so what 53.H those 54.D the US 55.E part 文章開頭
      A new study 56 the gend 57 they tend 58 her study 59 more female 60 gender 文章開頭
      The number of 61 the erve-rising 62 how to obtain 63 A sub 64 their childen find 65give
      閱讀開頭是：in recent years答案：56B：what ingredient57D：so hungry、58B：response to food59C：fewer calories60B：hunger levers
      第三套文章開頭
      To get a sense36 site37 rare 38 exposing 39 virtully 40 different 41 honoring 42 covers 43 hope 44 realistic 45 fast 文章開頭
      Is college 46 K what47 C for my 48 J we 49 B the answer 50 H James 51D the average 52 J we 5
      3.C for my 54 L Heckman 55.F promotion 文章開頭
      A recent globle 56 they love57 neither of them is subjected 60 they prevent
      第五篇：六月份四級英語的答案
      2010年6月英語四級答案完整版四級作文
      1、如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫；
      2、出現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象的原因是
      3、為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為
      范文：Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling
      They say “mind breeds physiognomy”，which implies the importance of one’s appearance.Similarly, a correct and neat spelling of a composition can not only reflect a success of the composition but embodie the decent disposition of the writer as well.Unfortunately , a great number of students pay little attention to their spelling though their composition turns out quite good either in content or in logic, thus leaving the teacher in a dilemma whether to give a high score or not。Tracing the reasons hidden behind, we can easily find it is mainly because some students are unaware of the importance of the spelling.In their minds, the content absolutely outweighs the form so the attention to spelling can be pleasantly spared.Objectively speaking, in the examination, the limited time and urgent situation make students have no more effort to care about their spelling and the fact is that they have to write as quickly as possible to finish it on time, leaving some characters vague or incorrect。
      Just as is said above, spelling, in a sense , mirrors the content, so a direct result of the bad spelling is the low academic score in the exam for it is hard to expect a text full of undistinguishable words toreceive a good appreciation.Further, once the habit of lax spelling was formed, in a long run the quality of being negligence could also be gradually shaped, which would undoubtedly exert negative impact for our future work and life。
      點評：
      此次的作文主題與以往四級考試有所不同。以往主題主要關(guān)注學(xué)生的生活、就業(yè)、社會問題等，而此次作文主題落腳點與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)本身有關(guān)。議論英語學(xué)習(xí)中忽視單詞拼寫的問題，這樣的主題更好地體現(xiàn)出了英語學(xué)習(xí)目的與英語考試目的的結(jié)合，使考生切身體會到英語學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中詞語拼寫的重要性。
      這樣的作文其實對考生本身來說難度并不大，因為考生自己在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中必然會忽視詞匯的拼寫，加之日常生活中文字的電子處理手段的日益增多，自動糾錯功能更是會讓考生不經(jīng)意間就失去了單詞拼寫的感覺。因此，對于這樣的文章，考生可以從自己的切身體會出發(fā)，分析自己在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中有無此類現(xiàn)象以及產(chǎn)生此類現(xiàn)象的原因，進(jìn)行簡單的構(gòu)思從而把整篇文章整理出來。
      此次的作文還是一篇小型的議論文。按照四級作文的格式要求，第一段我們還是總起說明現(xiàn)在在學(xué)生中間存在著忽視英語單詞拼寫的現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象給學(xué)生的寫作帶來了很大的問題和影響從而引起了學(xué)校和老師的擔(dān)憂。
      第二段主要還是分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的主要原因。首先我們可以從考試制度方面來說，現(xiàn)在的很多考試都是僅僅是因為考試而學(xué)習(xí)，這必然使得學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)的時候僅僅浮于表面而忽視了一些細(xì)節(jié)問題，如單詞的拼寫；其次，許多老師在教學(xué)過程當(dāng)中也忽視了單詞拼寫的重要性，這必然也會在心理上對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生影響——即拼寫不重要，因此老師也是一個方面的原因；此外，學(xué)生自己懶惰不愿背誦單詞也是一個很大的原因。
      第三段主要寫自己怎樣去解決問題。此處我們可以根據(jù)第二段的原因有針對性地列出幾個方法，如可以從考試入手讓學(xué)生注重拼寫，還有就是學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)建立體制讓老師和學(xué)生都認(rèn)識到拼寫的重要性，最后就是學(xué)生自己也要通過各種途徑發(fā)現(xiàn)拼寫單詞的樂趣等等。
      此次的作文很貼近考生的日常學(xué)習(xí)生活，所以對考生來說難度不大，只要做好相應(yīng)的分析，列出解決的方法，一篇好的作文就不難了。
      快速閱讀：
      1.A Her daughters’ repeated complaints
      2.D People haven’t yet reached agreement on its definition
      3.C can realize what is important in life
      4.A it seriously affected family relationships
      5.C depressed
      6.B His family had intervened
      7.B curb his desire for online gaming
      8.had an Internet Addiction
      9.professional help
      10.online dating
      四級聽力：
      對話部分答案：
      11.C.He cannot get access to the assigned book。
      12.A.She will drive the man to the supermarket。
      13.C.Tidy up the place。
      14.A.The talks can be held any day except this Friday。
      15.A.He understand the woman’s feelings。
      16.D.She has to invite David to the party。
      17.C.Many students find Prof.Johnson’s lectures boring。
      18.D.Assemble a computer.19.B.It requires him to apply theory to patience。
      20.D.It demands physical endurance and patience。
      21.D.In a hotel。
      22.B.Paying attention to every detail.23.A.The pocket money British children get。
      24.C.It often rises higher than inflation。
      25.B.Pay for small personal things。
      短文聽力部分：
      26A Direct mangers。
      27D The important part played by direct mangers。
      28B Fifty percent of them were female。
      29B He was not gender sensitive。
      30C Aask to see the manger politely but firmly。
      31D You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting。
      32D Stick to the point。
      33B Architect。
      34A Do some volunteer job
      35C A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother。
      復(fù)合式聽寫：
      Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in the school building, is smarter, more(36)curious, less afraid of what he doesn’t know, better at finding and(37)figuring things out, more confident, resourceful, persistent, and
      (38)independent than he will ever be again in his schooling--or, unless he is very
      (39)unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life.Already, by paying close attention to and(40)interacting with the world and people around him, and without any school-type(41)formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and(42)abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school or than any of his teachers has done for years.He has solved the(43)mystery of language.He has discovered it.Babies don’t even know that language exists--(44)and he has found out how it works and learned to use it appropriately.He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language,(45)by trying it out and seeing whether it works by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work.And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well,(46)including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him。
      閱讀部分
      57.D It is an indispensable device on an airplane。
      58.A Data for analyzing the cause of the crash。
      59.C The early models often got damaged。
      60.C To make them easily identifiable。
      61.A There is still a good chance of their being recovered。
      62.B It is based on the concept of positive thinking。
      63.A Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good。
      64.C You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent。
      65.C Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem。
      66.B Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy。選詞填空：
      47-56
      G)incredibly
      K)replace
      J)reduced
      L)sense
      H)powering
      D)exceptions
      E)expand
      O)vast
      F)historic
      I)protect
      完型：
      67-71
      C)differB)viaB)used B)lies B)lies
      72-76
      D)selectsA)sends inA)visibleB)overD)allows77-81
      A)afterD)insignigicant C)corporations D)only B)later82-86
      D)providedD)BesidesA)andC)widespreadA)acquired
      翻譯
      87.concentrating on the experiment
      88.did she lose her temper
      89.being invited to attend the opening ceremony
      90.should be installed by the window
      91.her parents’ strong objection
       
      
    
      

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