第一篇：從句大全

4．同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容，它的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋，相當于一個表語從句，它們之間的關系是同位關系，即主表關系。

5．定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。

（舉例子說明）：

主語從句

在復合句中充當主語成分的句子叫做主語從句。常規(guī)主語從句，即句子在復合句中充當一個主語。主語從句的時態(tài)：不受主句的時態(tài)影響和限制。

（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short timesurprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrowremains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accidentremains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（8）What we needis time.（9）What we needare good doctors.主語從句小結:

（1）引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等。

（2）連詞位于句首不能省略。

（3）主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為第三人稱單數(shù)，但也有例外，如例（9）

賓語從句定義

賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。賓語從句在復合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后；

Tell him which class you are in.Do you know what he likes？

【注】賓語從句的分類：

A、作動詞的賓語：

eg．I heard the news

I 主語 heard 謂語動詞 the news.名詞作賓語

I 主語 heard 謂語動詞 that he would come here later on.一個句子作賓語---賓語從句

B、作介詞的賓語：

eg．He said nothing about this plan。

He主語 said 謂語動詞 nothing 代詞作動詞的賓語 about 介詞 the plan.名詞作介詞的賓語

折疊三要素語序

賓語從句必須用陳述語序。

False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.【注】否定前移，及完成反意問句；

在think/ believe/ suppose/ guess/ imagine/ expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，可以轉移到主句上去，完成反意疑問句時，應與從句主、謂保持一致。（注：否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱）

I don't think you are right,are you

I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they 【注】在表示建議suggest,advise；要求demand、desire、require、request、propose；決定 decide;命令 order、command;堅決主張 insist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣）

I suggested that you（should）study hard．

He ordered that we should go out at once．

【注】如果賓語從句后有賓語補足語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置

You may think it strange that he would live there．

折疊三要素連接詞

帶有賓語從句的復合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that可省略，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.1．從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或將that省略，直接與主句相連。

【注】that常在以下情況下不能省略

（1.當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時；

（2．當賓語從句較長時；

（3．當主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前時；

（4．當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時；

（5．當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略；

（6．當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時；

（7．當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；

（8．當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時；

（9．當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時；

（10．當賓語從句有it做先行詞時；

（11．在直接引語中，轉述分句把賓語從句隔開時.2．從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether?or not結構中不能用if替換。

【注】if/whether區(qū)別

①if和whether在作“是否”解時，引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if

②少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

⑤避免歧異時，我們常用whether而不用if.3．從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,why，who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。

★當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他.折疊三要素時態(tài)

1．主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句現(xiàn)在時態(tài)不變。

He says(that)he will leave a message on my desk.They know(that)he is working hard.2．主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應還是過去時態(tài)。

He answered that he was listening to me.3．主句是一般將來時，一般從句為一般現(xiàn)在時（“主將從現(xiàn)”）

4.當從句所敘述的事實為一個定理或客觀存在時，無論主句是什么時態(tài)，從句均用一般現(xiàn)在時。但與人有關的均不是定理。

He told me that he was a boy.（雖然性別是客觀存在的，但“男”“女”也是人為定義的，故非第4種情況）

Father told me that practice makes perfect.（所敘述的事實為一個定理，用一般現(xiàn)在時）

折疊動詞的賓語從句

一般情況下大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句

We all expect that they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我們都預料他們會贏，因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作#中，他都會幫忙的.★部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句

★動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

常見的這些詞有：make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記

例句：

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.折疊it的賓語從句

①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.例句：

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我沒去聚會，感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習慣.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this matter.我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it

這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.③若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學到的東西都是有用的.折疊介詞的賓語從句

用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.★用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導的賓語從句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知.折疊形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.折疊編輯本段同位語從句

與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫作同位語從句。其關聯(lián)詞多為that。

同位語從句用法比較“固定”,把關鍵的幾個詞背下來（下面這個材料供參考）：

一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容。如：

I heard the news that our team had won．我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。

I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里。

二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：

I’ve come from Mrwang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。

三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞中有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if 不能引導同位語從句。）如：

l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么時候回來。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。

四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．

幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．

他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了。

五、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。

1．同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系，即說明它前面名詞的內容；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補充一些情況。如：

The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通過了考試這一消息是真的。

同位語從句，即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內容。

The news that he told me just now is true．他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。

定語從句，從句對前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他告訴我的”那個消息，而不是別的消息。

2．引導同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當任何成份，而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等。如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。that在從句中不充當任何成份。

The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚。

that在從句中作gave的賓語。

一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。

1)非獨立的同位語：常出現(xiàn)在被限定詞前

Bruce Lee(姓名)李小龍

Graf Schmidt(稱號，渾名)施密特伯爵

Doctor Wang(職稱，頭銜)王博士

Uncel Liu(親戚的稱呼)劉叔叔

die Stadt Shanghai(類屬名稱)上海市

the Province Hebei(類屬名稱)河北省

das Jahr 2000(類屬名稱)2000 年

three Kilo tomato(度量名稱)三公斤西紅柿

the University Bremen(專有名詞)不來梅大學

國際上另一種分法為關系從句

關系從句（relative clause)

關系從句的理解與翻譯

人們習慣稱由關系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose和關系副詞when，where等引導的從句為“定語從句”，認為這種從句的功能同漢語定語相當，只不過英語的定語從句后置，漢語的定語前置罷了。但隨著對語言認識的不斷深入，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多這樣的從句不能用定語來翻譯。讓我們先看一例：

Kennedy was rushed to a hospital where he died immediately.若拘泥于“簡短的定語從句可譯為漢語前置定語”的觀點，該句子就可能會被譯為：

肯尼迪被急忙送到一家他很快就死的醫(yī)院。

譯文聽上去荒謬可笑，仿佛送醫(yī)院的目的是為了“很快就死”，這顯然有悖原意。這里“where”起過渡連接的作用，相當于“and there”，在語義上屬另一新層次，絕無修飾，更無限制“怎樣的醫(yī)院”之意。從句中“died”這一動作發(fā)生于主句中“was rushed”的動作之后，進一步交待了事情發(fā)展的結果?？梢?，這種結構難用“定語從句”來解釋。因此有的語言學家主張將這種句子籠統(tǒng)稱為“關系從句”。這種正名有利于我們擺脫“定語”的吏縛，深入分析該類從句形形色色的內在關系。所以，例1應譯為：

我們知道，漢語由于缺乏關系代詞、關系連詞等連接手段，通常只有以時間或邏輯為軸線安排句子，對語序的依賴性極大，如果把后發(fā)生的事做前置定語就會顯得很好笑，如“送到一家很快就死的醫(yī)院”“寫受老師贊揚的作文”。而英語的連接手段相當豐富，構成信息焦點的中心詞后面可馬上由關系代詞引導從句補充信息，從句中需補充信息的名詞后又衍生出二度、三度??從句，但仍能使人感到句子層次清楚。如：

此外，讀者也許注意到了：在1、2、3、4、5例中，拋開關系代詞等結構不管，我們可明顯察覺英語、漢語的語序同事件發(fā)生的時間順序基本一致，這無疑是翻譯轉換的極好基礎，只需在關系代詞處斷句，省掉關系代詞，必要的話重復一下名詞，照原文順序翻譯即可。那么如果主、從句中謂語的動作是持續(xù)性的，或時序不清楚又怎么樣呢？請看例句：

He is a professor who gives lectures in several universities this semester.他是教授，這學期在幾所大學兼課。

All this time I was living with a young married couple who interested me very much,for they were unlike any people had ever known.這段時期我一直和一對年輕夫婦同住在一塊兒，這對夫婦使我很感興趣，因為他們同我以前所認識的人都不一樣。

以上兩例中主句傳遞了主要信息，從句傳遞了輔助信息，從另一側面加以補充描述，或提供某種必要的背景知識，關系代詞則起停頓、銜接、過渡的作用，使語義發(fā)展順利進人另一層次，我們似乎察覺不到這些從句跟中心詞之間有何限制或修飾關系。

有時關系代詞和關系副詞還體現(xiàn)了主、從句間的某種邏輯關系，不能簡單地視為“代替”某個名詞而同時接續(xù)從句的詞。如：

In 1906,however,Pierre,who was crossing a road,was run over and killed.(who?≈ when he?)

1906年，皮埃爾在橫穿馬路時被車壓死了。

Dr.Bethune,who was very tired on his arrival,set to work at once.(who was?≈ though he was)

白求恩大夫剛到時雖然很累，但他立即便開始工作。

We know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night.(whose eyes?≈ because its eyes?)

我們知道，由于貓眼能比人眼吸收更多的光線，所以貓在夜里也能看得很清楚。

He would be a shortsighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.(who?≈ if he?)

(誰如果)只守城堡而不往遠處看，(那他)就是目光短淺的指揮官。

There was something original,independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.(that?≈ so that the Plan?)

此方案新穎，有獨創(chuàng)性，有魄力，(所以)他們都喜歡。

以上五例中，關系代詞、副詞在特定語境表示了時間、讓步、原因、條件、結果等邏輯關系，意義上相當于狀語從句，翻譯時也當然不能譯為定語。另外，11、12兩句的漢譯中括號里的漢字省掉后意思仍然清楚而且顯得更簡潔、緊湊，這也是我們在翻譯時應該考慮的。

傳統(tǒng)語法囿于“定語從句”的觀念，以關系代詞前有無逗號為準，機械地將關系從句分為“限制性定語從句”和“非限制性定語從句”，這是很不全面的。我們應該深入理解原文的深層意思，尊重漢語的習慣，才能翻譯出正確、地道的譯文。

折疊編輯本段定語從句

用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般皆放在被它所修飾的名（代）詞之后，這種名（代）詞就叫作先行詞（Antecedent）。引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞為關系代詞(或稱引導詞、關系詞等）。關系代詞在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等；關系副詞在定語從句中用作狀語。

①引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why和 which.在非限制定語從句中，只可用which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整個句子，多用which.例句：

The dog that/which was lost has been found.失蹤的狗已經找到了。

Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.有人認為那些對這個提案有興趣的人最好是在會后再具體討論它。

There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.存在著許多旨在幫助無家可歸者的組織。

The days when we had to rely on wool,cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.那種必須依賴羊毛，棉花或者蠶絲做衣服的日子已經過去了。

Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.空氣從壓強高的地方流向壓強低的地方。

This is the reason why he refused to help us.這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因。

He was born in 1976,when an earthquake struck the country.他出生于1976年，這一年這個城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了地震。

They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people,which enraged all of us.他們對受苦人們的漠視激怒了我們。

②當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,very first等詞，或先行詞前為形容詞最高級所修飾時，或先行詞為all,anything,nothing,something,everything時，從句的引導詞只能用that.The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.孩子們唯一關心的是他們什么時候放假？

These are the very points that puzzle me.真正困擾我的是這些觀點。

Is there anything that bothers you? 有什么事煩著你嗎？

This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.這部是那個公司有史以來拍攝得最好的電影。

③as 可做引導詞引導定語從句，多和such,the same 連用.As 引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子，既可放在先行詞后，也可放在句子開頭.例句：

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.你描述的那一類人現(xiàn)在很少了。

The boy was run over by a motor-car,as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.那個男孩被一輛摩托軋過去了，這種事在解放前的上海是不少見的。

As is often the case,the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.正如往常一樣，這個女孩又忘了帶上字典。

We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.我們是反對這種毫無事實根據的想法的。

④介詞+which/whom/whose從句

The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.她就是從那個司機的房間偷了金表的。

Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.語言就是人們用來和其他人交流的一種工具。

Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book,of which none of us had ever heard.Jane一晚上都在談論著也最近學課本，那些內容我們聞所未聞。

例題：

Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.a.where b.that c with which d as soon as

⑤代/名+介詞+which 從句

He is needing a book,the name of which I don't know.他需要一本書，但是我不知道書名。

In factories and in our daily life,there are many waste materials,all of which can be turned into useful things under certain condition.在工廠里，在我們的日常生活中都有很多垃圾，其實這些垃圾在某種情況下是可以轉變?yōu)橛杏玫臇|西的。

To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.為了能夠客觀地測試，老師寫了一串答案唯一的問題。

⑥同位語從句和定語從句

The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.他被哈佛大學錄取的消息非常令人興奮。

The news that you told me was really exciting.你告訴我的好個消息真的是很激動人心。

⑦難句：

NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.他是被選為代表該團隊的人中一員。

NO.2He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.他是那些男孩中唯一一個愿意再接受任務的人。

NO.3I shall never forget the day when we first met.我永遠也不會忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。

NO.4I remember the morning when he first came to school.我記得早上，當他第一次來到學校。

NO.4I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.我永遠不會忘記和你一起度過的日子，我在農村度過的。

NO.5The room where he lived is kept in good repair.他住的房間是保持良好使用狀態(tài)。

NO.6Alva found a place in the cellar where he uses as his first laboratory.館長在地窖里找到一個地方使用作為他第一次在他的實驗室。

NO.7The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable.以何種方式/這就是你回答了他所提出的問題令人欽佩

第二篇：從句

從句

名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句（Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。如果what-分句本身明顯表示復數(shù)意義，比如what分句的動詞和補語都是復數(shù)，那么主句動詞也可用復數(shù)。

如：What I say and think are none of your business.(我說的和我想的都與你無關。)注意：當what引導的名詞性分句作主語時，主謂一致問題極為復雜。著名學者周海中教授在論文《關于what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題》中就這一問題做了深入研究，并給出了10種的主謂一致關系。這些一致關系值得英語學習者和使用者特別注意。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： ⑴It + be + 名詞+ that從句 ⑵It + be + 形容詞+ that從句

⑶It + be + 動詞的過去分詞+ that從句 ⑷It +不及物動詞+ that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“（should)+do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that… 賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。

We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：

I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我堅持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。

2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：

I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。

3.用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引導主語從句并在句首時；b.引導表語從句時；c.引導從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“or not”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。例如：

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。

4.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用

不同時態(tài)。例如：

He studies English every day.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）He studied English last term.（從句用一般過去時）

I know(that)he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來時）he has studied English since 1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）

當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?/p>

We don’t think you are here.我們認為你不在這。

I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不會這樣做。

表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于聯(lián)系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語+ 系動詞+ that從句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。That’s just what I want.這正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。

同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。

I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

that作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句：

I had no idea that you were here．（that引導同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）

其他從句 that從句 5.1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：

主語：That she is still alive is her luck.她還活著全靠運氣。

賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。

表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是最近誰也沒有見過他。

同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.最近誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。

5.2)That-從句做主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系： a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句

It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b.It + be +-ed分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that… 人們相信……

It is known to all that… 眾所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c.It + be +名詞+ that-從句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常識 It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實是…… d.It +不及物動詞+ that-從句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… wh-從句 6.1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：

主語：How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。

直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。

表語：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。

賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時候回來。

形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。

介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們去哪兒。

6.2)Wh-從句做主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時結婚依然不明。if,whether從句

7.1)yes-no型疑問從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同，例如：

主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。

賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在于我們是否應該借錢給他。同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

介詞賓語：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。7.2）選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構成，例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。if和whether的區(qū)別：

1、在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。如：

I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：

I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。3、在介詞后，只能用whether。如：

His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。

4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時，只能用whether。如： Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.這是否真的，我真的不知道。

5、用if會引起歧義時，只用whether。如：

Could you tell me if you know the answer

這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免歧義。

形容詞性從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。

含義：在定語的位置上是個句子。why 關系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞（主要是the reason），同時它在定語從句中用作原因狀語。如：

We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up.我們不知道他為什么沒有來。

She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.她沒跟我講她拒絕這項工作的原因。

與關系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。如： That’s one of the reasons(why, that)I asked you to come.這就是我請你來的原因之一。

另外，與關系副詞when和where可以引導非限制性定語從句不一樣，why只能引導限制性定語從句，不能引導非限制性定語從句。如：

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

誤：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.when

關系副詞when主要用于修飾表時間的名詞，同時它在定語從句中用作時間狀語。如：

There comes a time when you have to make a choice.你必須作出抉擇的時候到了。

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他們?yōu)樗麨榈娜兆右蝗ゲ粡头盗恕?/p>

We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.我們將把野餐推遲到下星期，那時天氣可能會好一點。

注意不要一見到先行詞為時間名詞，就以為一定要用關系副詞when來引導定語從句，同時還要看它在定語從句中充當什么成分——如果在定語從句中用作時間狀語，就用when；如果在定語從句中不是用作時間狀語，而是用作主語或賓語，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如：

Don’t forget the time(that, which)I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時間。關系代詞that / which在定語從句中用作動詞told的賓語，正因為是用作賓語，所以也可以省略。where

關系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點的名詞，同時它在定語從句中用作地點狀語。如：

This is the village where he was born.這就是他出生的村子。

That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer.這就是我們去年夏天住的旅館。

Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奧伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽車去上班。

與前面when的情況一樣，注意不要一見到先行詞為地點名詞，就以為一定要用關系副詞where來引導定語從句，同時還要看它在定語從句中充當什么成分——如果在定語從句中用作地點狀語，就用where；如果在定語從句中不是用作地點狀語，而是用作主語或賓語，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如： He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets.他在一家電視機廠工作。

關系代詞that / which在定語從句中用作主語。

另外注意，where有時還可用于抽象名詞后引導定語從句。如： We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

There are cases where the word “mighty”is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐辦公桌前的工作。

第三篇：德語比較從句

比較從句

w?hrend（而，卻），表示行為的對立

W?hrend es gestern sch?n war, ist es heute schlecht.W?hrend in China der Sonntag ein Einkauftstag ist, sind die Laden in Deutschland am Sonntag geschlossen.在中國，星期天是采購的日子；而在德國，商店在星期天都停業(yè)。wie（如同，正如），表示相同的比較

Ich erz?hle es, wie ich es geh?rt habe.Die Stadt ist so sch?n, wie ich mir gedacht habe.als（比...更）表示不同的比較，主句中常有形容詞或者副詞的比較級，或者表示區(qū)別的詞

Die Stadt ist noch sch?ner, als ich gedacht habe.Sie arbeitet anders, als du gearbeitet hast.她干的可跟你干過的不一樣。

je...desto/umso（越...越...）表示主、從句說明的情況變化是成比例的，句中通常需要用形容詞比較級。

Je ?lter er wird, desto klüger wird er.Je dunkler die Nacht ist, umso heller werden die Sterne.Je moderner die Technik ist, desto h?her wird die Produktion steigen.技術越先進，產量提得越高。

第四篇：從句練習

名詞性從句

1.I wonder we haven’t received her invitations yet.Her wedding is only two days away.A.how B.why C.that D.when 2.We students got lost in the forest and decided to remain we were and waited for the guide.A.where B.what C.how D.who 3.Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf.It’s our children can’t reach it.A.what B.that C.where D.how 4.Sorry, I’m so late, but you cannot imagine great trouble I took finding your house.A.what B.how C.why D.when 5.The result was far beyond we had expected, brought great joy to everyone of us.A.which;which B.which;that C.what;what D.what;which

6.It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea they must love study.A.which B.what C.whether D.that

7.It could be judged from her eyes she was terribly sorry for what she had done.A.what B.which C.that D.where

8.—Would you please explain to me about the difference between the two words? —I’m sorry, but that’s I’m puzzled about.A.why B.what C.which D.where

9.surprises us most is she doesn’t even know the difference between the two opinions lies.A.It;that;which B.What;that;what C.What;that;where D.That;what;where

10.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is

makes a difference.A.that B.what C.which D.whatever

11.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A.which B.that C.what D.who 12.Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades, and this is he devoted all his life to.A.which B.what C.where D.how

13.Word came a gas explosion in a coal mine in northeast China Heilongjiang Province had killed 104 miners by Nov.23 and left further 4 trapped, shocked everyone.A.that;it B.where;that C.that;which D.when;it

14.As a matter of fact, much of we read on the Internet every day is groundless or nonsense.A.that B.which C.what D.it

15.was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise he would give each of us a small gift.A.As;which B.What;that C.It;that D.It;which

16.surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;which D.What;which

17.—Which can I take, Mr Smith? —Take one you like and leave the others for comes late.A.whoever;who B.whichever;who C.whatever;whom D.whichever;whoever

18.She has been in doctors describe as a vegetative(植物人的)state for six years.A.what B.which C.that D.how

19.The manager in the end decided to give the chance to he believed had a good command of English.A.who B.anyone C.whoever D.whomever

20.I have the same opinion as you the privacy of one’s life should be kept secret.A.that B.which C.whether D.what

21.I’d like to offer this job to I believe is responsible for it.A.whoever B.Whom C.no matter whom D.no matter who

22.Can you explain most deserts are located near the west coast of the continents? A.why is it that B.why it is that C.how it is that D.how is it that

23.It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that

24.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever

25.The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.though

專題九 名詞性從句

1.解析：選B。why引導賓語從句，并在從句中作原因狀語。2.解析：選A。where引導表語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。3.解析：選C。where引導表語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。

4.解析：選A。what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作定語，修飾trouble。

5.解析：選D。what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語；which引導定語從句，指主句內容。

6.解析：選D。that引導同位語從句，解釋idea的具體內容。7.解析：選C。that引導主語從句，It為形式主語。

8.解析：選B。what引導表語從句，并在從句中作介詞about的賓語。

9.解析：選C。what引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語；that引導表語從句；where引導賓語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。

10.解析：選B。what引導表語從句，并在從句中作主語。11.解析：選C。what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語，they hope為插入成分，可忽略。12.解析：選B。what引導表語從句，并在從句中作介詞to的賓語。

13.解析：選C。that引導同位語從句，解釋word的具體內容；which引導定語從句。14.解析：選C。what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。

15.解析：選C。It為形式主語，代替真正的主語從句that Johnson had broken his promise...；that引導同位語從句，解釋promise的具體內容。

16.解析：選B。what引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語；that引導表語從句。

17.解析：選D。whichever引導賓語從句，并在從句中作定語，修飾one；whoever引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語。

18.解析：選A。what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。

19.解析：選C。whoever引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語，he believed為插入成分。20.解析：選A。that引導同位語從句，解釋opinion的具體內容。21.解析：選A。whoever引導的從句作to的賓語,又在從句中作主語,I believe為插入語。whoever作關系代詞，相當于any person who。

22.解析：選B。句意為：你能理解為什么大多數(shù)的沙漠都分布在靠近大陸的西海岸的地區(qū)嗎？賓語從句要使用陳述語序。

23.解析：選D。句中it為形式主語，that引導的主語從句為真正的主語。句意為：對于學生來說，他們應當為未來做好充分的準備是很明顯的。

24.解析：選C?？疾橹髡Z從句的用法。speak to后接sb.,故排除B、D兩項。句中to后跟賓語從句，且從句中又缺少主語，并且是不確指，故排除A。

25.解析：選C?？疾橥徽Z從句的用法。分析句式結構可知此處缺少同位語從句的引導詞，從句意義、結構均完整。故選C。狀語從句專項練習50題

蓮山課件

原文地址：http:// 1.—What was the party like? —Wonderful.It’s years __________I enjoyed myself so much.A.after

B.before

C.when

D.since 2.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _______Father was away in France.A.as

B.that

C.during

D.if 3.Why do you want a new job __________you got such a good one already? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

4.After the war, a new school building was put up ___________there had once been a theatre.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when 5.You will be late ______________you leave immediately.A.unless

B.until

C.if

D.or 6.___________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he

B.However he is late C.However is he late

D.However late he is 7.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______________great it is.A.what

B.how

C.however

D.whatever 8.We won’t give up ______________we should fail ten times.A.even if

B.since

C.whether

D.until 9.She doesn’t speak ____________her friend, but her written work is excellent.A.as well as

B.so often as

C.so much as

D.as good as 10.He’ll be happy ____________he may be.A.when

B.if

C.because

D.wherever 1—5 DADBA

6—10 DCAAD 11.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______________.A.will arrive

B.arrives

C.is arriving

D.is going to arrive 12.The volleyball match will be put off if it _______________.A.will rain

B.rains

C.rained

D.is raining 13.Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you ____________to me.A.write

B.will write

C.are writing

D.would write 14.If city noises __________from increasing, people ___________shout to be heard even at the dinner table in 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to

B.are not kept;have to C.do not deep;will have to

D.do not deep;have to 15.I need one more stamp before my collection ____________.A.has completed

B.completes

C.has been completed

D.is completed 16.As she _________the newspaper, Granny _________asleep.A.read, was falling

B.was reading, fell C.was reading, was falling

D.read, fell 17.If it __________for the snow, we ___________the mountain yesterday.A.were not;could have climbed

B.were not;could climb C.had not been;could have climbed

D.had not been;could climb 18.—If he _________, he ___________tat food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take

B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken

D.had driven;wouldn’t have got 19.It is 50 years _____________the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.after

B.before

C.when

D.since 20.___________the sun rises, all the stars in the sky disappear.A.The moment

B.Before

C.Till

D.For 11—15 BBAAD 16—20 BCBDA 21.Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.A.didn’t I realize

B.did I realize

C.I didn’t realize

D.I realized 22.Not until all the fish died in the river __________how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize

B.the villagers realized C.the villagers did realize

D.didn’t the villagers realize 23.—Why do you drink so much coffee? —Well, _________it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights, I see no harm in it.A.although

B.if

C.unless

D.while 24.It was __________it rained heavily that they didn’t come.A.as

B.because

C.for

D.since 25.Why not buy a cheaper one, _____________you don’t have enough money? A.since

B.because

C.for

D.though 26.It is ten years ____________I left home.A.when

B.after

C.since

D.as 27.He speaks English _____________he speaks his mother tongue.A.so good as

B.as good as

C.so well as

D.as well as 28.Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty.A.when

B.where

C.till

D.as 29.__________I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.A.At first

B.For the first time

C.Until

D.The first time 30.I don’t think you’ll be able to understand this formula(公式)____________you finish school.A.as if

B.only when

C.even

D.even when 21—25 BAABA

26-30 CDDDD 31.I often visited Tian’an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.A.until

B.during

C.while

D.throughout 32.He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.A.no matter whatever

B.whatever

C.what

D.that 33.__________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.A.For

B.Now that

C.That

D.Because 34.____________, I am sure that the boy is honest.A.Whatever people say

B.No matter people say C.What people say

D.It doesn’t matter people say 35.I knew Mr.Green _____________I knew Mrs.Green.A.long before

B.before long

C.long ago

D.after long 36.They waited __________it was dark before leaving, _________they didn’t want anyone to see them leave.A.since;because

B.until;as

C.unless;for

D.so;because 37.__________often you ring, no one will answer.A.How

B.However

C.Whom

D.Whenever 38.I will never stop ______________they might like it.A.no matter how

B.how

C.what

D.though 39.Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.A.very, that

B.so, that

C.such, as

D.enough, as 40.We made a decision __________there would be rain, we should stay at home.A.that

B.if

C.that if

D.whether 31—35 CBBAA

36-40 BBABC 41.I usually watch TV in the evening ____________I have to study for an examination.A.because

B.unless

C.while

D.the moment 42.I had lived there for over thirty years ___________I wanted to return to my motherland again.A.until

B.after

C.while

D.when 43.It was a long time _____________I went to sleep again.A.when

B.while

C.before

D.until 44.He must be ill, ____________he looks so pale.A.since

B.because

C.as

D.for 45.I’ll take no steps ___________you arrive.A.and

B.since

C.until

D.while 46.You will catch cold _____________put on more clothes.A.if you

B.if you will not

C.unless you

D.until you 47.________he woke _________slept, this subject is always in his mind.A.If;and

B.Both;and

C.Either;or

D.Whether;or 48.We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.A.until

B.since

C.while

D.when 49.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __________they themselves couldn’t.A.once

B.then

C.while

D.if 50.My name is Robert, ___________most of my friends call me Bob for short.A.then

B.instead

C.however

D.but 41—42 BDCDC 46-50 CDDCD 答案：1—5 DADBA

6—10 DCAAD

11—15 BBAAD

16—20 BCBDA

21—25 BAABA 26-30 CDDDD 31—35 CBBAA

36-40 BBABC

41—42 BDCDC 46-50 CDDCD 定語從句專項練習題

一．單項選擇

定語從句的用法

1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this

2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.who

m

B.which

C.who

D./

A.the one

B.that

C.which

D./

6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it

7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which

B.in which

C.that

D.all

8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That

B.Who

C.The one who

D.The students who

9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which

B.whom

C.whose

D.this

10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D./

11.This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

12.The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.A.whom

B.who

C./

D.he

13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door

B.which

lives next door

C.whom lives next door

D.that lives next door

14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.A.which

B.whom

C.that

D.who

15.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A./, to

B.that, /

C.where, to

D.which, there

16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A.what

B.which

C.as

D../

17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that

B.when

C.where

D.there

18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A.where

B.in that

C.that

D.which

19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when

B.where

C.that

D.which

20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A.that

B.when

C.what

D.on that

21.The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.A.when

B.that

C.where

D.in which

23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which

B.when

C.where

D.in which

24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?

A.which

B.where

C.in which

D.what

25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month?

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.the one

26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where

二． 在下列定語從句中，填入適當?shù)慕樵~。

1.The pencil ________ which he wrote was broken.2.He built a telescope ________ which he could study the skies.3.The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.4.The wolf ________ which the sheep was killed was shot.5.She has three children, all _______ whom are at school.6.There is a tall tree outside, ________ which stands our teacher.7.My glasses, _______ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.8.In the dark street, there wasn’t a person ________ whom she could turn for help.9.I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.10.The age _______ which children can go to school is seven.11.His bike ________ which he went to work was stolen last night.12.Do you know the building ________ which is flying a red flag?

13.Ours is a beautiful school, ________ which we are proud.14.The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is John’s.15.He bought a book yesterday, the author ________ which is a teacher.參考答案

一． 單項選擇

定語從句1~5 A C A B A

6~10 B C C A D

11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B

21~26 B B B A D D

二． 在下列定語從句中，用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。

1.with without

11.on 2.through

3.from

4.by 8.to

9.in

10.at

13.of

14.against 5.of

6.under 15.of

7.12.on

第五篇：從句練習

1.When Tom was nine years old he read a school book about science, containing some experiments _____ at home.A.which can be done B.that could do C.that could be done D.which could do

1.C 譯文：9歲時湯姆讀過一本關于自然科學的教科書，書里的一些試驗可以在家里完成。定語從句的主句和從句時態(tài)要一致，本題主句用了過去時，從句也應用過去時，排除A項；又因為從句中主語和動詞之間是被動關系，排除B、D項。

2.Rose told them all _____ to Oliver.A.which happened B.that had happened C.which had happened D.that had been happened

2.B 譯文：羅斯告訴他們發(fā)生在奧利弗身上的一切事情。先行詞時all時關聯(lián)詞應用that，排除C、D項，類似的詞還有：everything, something, nothing, little, much等指物的不定代詞；又因為是主動關系，故選B。eg.Please tell me something that is interesting.3.Alva found a place in the cellar _____ he used as his first laboratory.A.which B.where C.such D.the same

3.A 譯文：阿爾瓦在地下室找到了一個地方，他把那里用做他的第一個實驗室。such, same不引導定語從句，故排除；又因為關聯(lián)詞在定語從句中作賓語(he used the place as...)，選A。

2.4.Do you know the right time _____ the meeting begins.A.which B.when C.why

D.as

4.B 譯文：你知道開會的確切時間嗎？

先行詞time是表示時間性的名詞，所以從句需要用表示時間關系的副詞來引導，只有B正確；類似的先行詞還有day, morning, evening, week, month, year等。eg.He'll never forget the days when he was in Paris.5.This is the reason _____ an aeroplane can't fly in space.A.for that B.which C.why D.where

5.C 譯文：這就是飛機不能在太空飛行的原因。

能引導原因狀語并和先行詞reason連用的副詞只有why（*有時why可以省略或是用that代替）eg.That is one of the reasons I asked you to come.（why省略）

The reason that he died was lack of medical care.（why用that代替）

6.He tried to get out of the business, _____ he found impossible.A.that B.which C.where D.when

6.B 譯文：他試圖從這件事中擺脫出來，但發(fā)現(xiàn)擺脫不了。

本題考查的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句，which代替前面整句話（that不引導非限制性定語從句），在從句中作賓語。

3.7.She lives near the sea, and she often looks far away to the place _____ sky and earth seem to meet.A.that B.which C.whose D.where

7.D 譯文：她住在海邊，所以經常向天空和陸地相接的地方眺望。

本題先行詞是the place，與其相對應的關系詞在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，故選D。

8.The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A.after which B.for which C.with which D.at which

8.B 譯文：他曾為之終生奮斗的目標對他而言似乎已經不再重要了。

本題先行詞the goals，從句中謂語動詞詞組fight for表示“為??奮斗”，for提前，所以選B。

9.The only thing _____ matters is to return home safe and sound.A.which B.that C.what D./

9.B 譯文：唯一要緊的事情是平安到家。

what不引導定語從句首先排除C；該關系代詞在從句中作主語，不能省略，排除D；當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few/little much, only, very修飾，后面引導定語從句的關系代詞要用that，故選B。

4.10.I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _____.A.where I'd like to visit B.in which I'd like to visit C.I most want to visit D.that I want to visit it most

10.C 譯文：雖然我從未去過北京，但那是我非常想去的地方。

本題選項的關鍵詞是visit，它是一個及物動詞，因此A、B項都可以排除，而D項中的it和句中的it's重復，所以選C。

11.Such people _____ you describe are rare nowadays.A.that B.which C.like D.as

11.D 譯文：你所說的那種人現(xiàn)在已經很少了。

as作關系代詞一般用于: so...as, such...as, the same...as等結構中。eg.I have the same feeling as you.12.They picked up four boat-loads of refugees, _____ had been at sea for two weeks.A.some of that B.some of which C.some of them D.some of whom

12.D 譯文：他們救起了四艘船的難民，其中有些人已經在海上漂泊2周了。

本題要用指人的關系代詞，由于that前不跟介詞排除后就只剩下D項的whom了。eg.The girl, to whom Jack is speaking, is my girl friend.5.13.If you have a taste for exciting adventures you may want to join the group of men _____ is to explore the mysteries of the deep sea.A.their work B.who work C.who D.whose work

13.D 譯文：如果你愛好冒險，你可以加入那群以探索深海奧秘為職業(yè)的隊伍。

分析題干，考查的是定語從句，首先排除A項；先行詞the group of men，空缺的是從句中的主語，后面已有謂語動詞is，排除B項；若選C則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式are，所以選D。

14._____ is mentioned above, a lot of work has been done to create man-made materials.A.That

B.Whether C.As D.Which

14.C 譯文：正如上面所指出的那樣，人們已經為制作人造材料做了大量的工作。

本題考查as引導非限制性定語從句的語法，as引導非限制性定語從句，可以置于主句之后也可以放在主句之前，表示前面或后面整個句子，which引導非限制性定語從句不放在句首，所以選C。

eg.He's an honest man, as is known to us all.15.This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.as D.when

15.B 譯文：這是我所看過最好的一部電影。

當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或是形容詞最高級修飾時，其后的定語從句關系代詞通常用that。eg.He's the first person that finished the work.Unit 5 定語從句

（六）16.The company officer _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A.whom B.whoever C.who D.of whom

16.C

譯文：我原以為會被解雇的那個公司官員卻得到了加薪。

本題先行詞是the company officer, 關系詞在定語從句中充當主語：The company officer(I thought)would be fired.所以選C。

17.He talked of the men and the books _____ interested him.A.what B.which C.that D.who

17.C 譯文：他談論著他感興趣的人和書。

當先行詞既指人又指物時(the men and the books)，關系詞用that。

18.The hours _____ the children spend watching TV are too many.A.in which B.on which C.that D.when

18.C 譯文：孩子們花在看電視上的時間太多了。

本題先行詞the hours在定語從句中作spend的賓語，可直接排除A、B、D三項。注意：不能一看到表示時間的先行詞就用when，而應首先判斷修飾先行

詞的關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分：如果作狀語，就應該用關系副詞when或where，如果作賓語就應該用that/which/不填等等。針對大部分選B滬友的解說：

題目的意思是the children spend the hours(in)watching TV spend的用法： spend sth on sth/(in)doing sth 如果選B（on which）則變成spend on the hours watching TV，錯！名詞性從句

1.In some countries, _____ is called “equality” doesn't really mean equal rights for all people.A.which B.what C.that D.one

1.B 譯文：在一些國家，所謂的“平等”實際上并不意味著人人都享有平等的權利。本題考查的是名詞性從句中的主語從句，空格中的關聯(lián)詞既引導主語從句又在從句中充當主語，故選擇B項，what在此譯為“??的東西”，相當于the thing that。

2.They always give their help to _____ needs it urgently.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever

2.B 譯文：他們總是幫助那些最需要幫助的人。本題考查名詞性從句中的賓語從句，所需關聯(lián)詞既要引導一個賓語從句又要在從句中當主語，選擇C項，whomever在從句中只能作賓語,whoever在此相當于the person who。

A項who一般不在介詞后引導賓語從句

3.Jim asked the question _____ we shall start to work.A.that

B.what C.when D.whether

3.C 譯文：吉姆問我們什么時候開始工作。

本題考查的是名詞性從句中的同位語從句，同位語從句和定語從句形似，兩者都有先行詞，但和從句的關系不同：同位語從句是等同關系，先行詞在從句中不作任何語法成分；而定語從句是修飾關系，先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語。eg.They told me the news that they heard on the radio.（賓語從句）－他們在廣播里聽到的消息

They told me the news that I had got a raise.（同位語從句）－我得到提升這個消息

2.4.There are signs _____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A.that B.which C.in which D.whose

4.A 譯文：有跡象表明：餐館正越來越受到家庭的歡迎。

本題要求選擇適當?shù)脑~來引導signs的同位語從句，選項中除了that外其它三項都不用來引導同位語從句，因此選A。

5.The reason I don't go there was _____ a new job.A.because I got B.because of getting C.due to D.that I got

5.D 譯文：我不去那是因為我得到了一份新的工作。本題考查表語從句的引導詞，當句子主語為reason時，表語從句應當用that引導，the reason...was that...“??的原因是??”，所以選D。

6.We consider _____ the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.A.that it necessary

B.necessary that C.it necessary that D.necessary of that

6.C 譯文：我們認為在每次使用之前有必要對這些儀器進行調試。

consider之后常跟“賓語＋賓補”結構，在本題中，為了平衡需要，it作形式賓語，necessary作it的補足語，真正的賓語是后置的由that引導的從句。eg.Ann took it for granted that they weren't coming.3.7.I admit to that _____ that guy is my true friend.A.that B.is C.as D.whoever

7.A 譯文：我承認那家伙是我真正的摯友。

本題空缺處需要一個不表示任何意義的關聯(lián)詞來引導同位語從句。ABCD四項中只有that可以引導同位語從句，所以選A，題干中缺項前的that為admit to的賓語，缺項后的that為指示代詞，相當于“那個”的意思。如果大家被3個that搞暈了，就看看這句：I admit to the fact that the guy is my true friend.8.I don't care _____ or not the manager will give me a raise.A.whether B.if C.which D.why

8.A 譯文：我并不在乎經理是否會給我加薪。

本題需要填入引導賓語從句的詞，根據空格后面跟的or not很容易判斷出應該選whether，if后不直接跟or not。

9._____ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.That B.What C.Whatever D.If

9.A 譯文：我們需要更多的器材，這是很明顯的。that在此處僅引導主語從句，不表示任何意義 eg.That he will come is certain.4.狀語從句

1.Melted iron is poured into the mixer _____ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.A.in the same way like B.in the same way which C.in the same way D.in the same way as

1.D 譯文：溶化的鐵水倒入攪拌機就像茶水由茶壺倒入茶杯一樣。

本題考查方式狀語從句，the same常與as連用，且as不能省略。

2.He will surely finish the job on time _____ he's left to do it in his own way.A.in that B.as long as C.in case D.as far as

2.B 譯文：只要讓他用自己的方式去做這個工作，他就肯定能按時完成。本題考查條件狀語從句的引導詞，A、C、D項的意思不對，所以選B。

3.They decided to chase the cow away _____ it did more damage.A.unless B.until C.before D.after

3.C 譯文：他們決定在那頭牛搞更多破壞之前把它趕走。

本題考查before引導時間狀語從句的用法，表示“在??之前”，其它選項的意思都不 10

符合。

2.4.Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, _____ they have no schedules to keep.A.even though B.for C.as if D.since

4.A 譯文：許多病人堅持住院時佩戴手表，盡管他們無需遵守日程。本題考查讓步狀語從句，根據句意可知，應選擇表示轉折關系的詞；even though盡管，for因為，as if似乎，since既然，只有A項表轉折關系。

5.Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _____ it means standing in a queue all night.A.as if B.even if C.provided D.whatever

5.B 譯文：羅德決心搞到這次演唱會的座位票，即時要排一整夜的隊也行。本題也是考查讓步狀語從句，根據意思應選B。as if引導的是方式狀語從句，provided引導條件狀語從句，whatever表示“無論如何”。eg.She behaved as if nothing had happened.她表現(xiàn)的像什么都沒發(fā)生過似的。

Provided(that)there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.如果沒人反對，我們就在這里開會。

6.You should insure your house _____ there is a fire.A.if B.for C.in case D.unless

6.C 譯文：你應該給你的房子買保險，以防發(fā)生火災。

if如果，unless除非，引導的都是條件狀語從句；for因為，引導目的狀語從句常位于句尾；in case以防，引導目的狀語從句，給房子投保的目的是為了預防火災的發(fā)生。

3.7.They climbed to the top of the hill _____ they got a bird's eye-view of the city.A.for fear that B.in order that C.in case D.as a result

7.B 譯文：他們爬上山頂以便能俯瞰這座城市。for fear that“以免、唯恐”，in order that“以便、為了”，in case“以防、萬一”三者都可以引導目的狀語從句，as a result“結果”是副詞詞組，不引導狀語從句，根據題意登上山頂是為了俯瞰城市，所以選B。

8._____ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.A.For B.Before C.Since D.While

8.C 譯文：既然你明天就要走了，今晚我們一起吃飯吧。

本題考查原因狀語從句，for雖然可以引導原因狀語從句，但只能放在句末；before和while引導的是時間狀語從句，而題干是前因后果的關系，所以選擇表示“因為”的since。

9.If that idea is wrong, the project is bound to fail, _____ good all the other ideas might be.A.whatever B.though C.whatsoever D.however

9.D 譯文：無論其它想法有多好，如果那個想法是錯的，那么這個計劃肯定要失敗。

本題要求填入一個修飾good的連詞，選項中僅有however滿足，相當于“no matter how good...”引導讓步狀語從句。

4.10.A driver should slow down _____ there are many houses.A.where

B.when C.till D.since

10.A 譯文：在房子多的地方司機應減速行駛。

分析題干，從句是在說明司機在何處要減速行駛，因此要選擇一個能引導地點壯語從句的連詞；when和till只引導時間狀語從句，since也只能引導時間和原因壯語從句。

11.He seldom reviewed his lessons _____ he failed in the final.A.in order that B.so that C.in that D.provided that

11.B 譯文：他幾乎不復習功課，以至期末考試沒能及格。

本題主從句是因果關系；in order that“為了”后跟的從句表目的，in that“因為”后跟的從句表原因，provided that“假如”后跟的從句表條件，so that“所以”后跟的從句表結果。

12.You'll have to pay a fine _____ your return those books to the library immediately.A.until B.unless C.if D.provided

12.B 譯文：如果你不立刻把這些書還給圖書館，你就得交罰款。

根據對題干的分析可知，需要交罰款的前提是不馬上還書，要選擇能引導條件狀語從句的連詞，在各選項中只有unless表示“除非??，如果不??”之意，if和provided雖然也可以引導條件壯語從句，但意思不符。

5.