第一篇：最后沖刺2012高考英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解：一般將來(lái)時(shí)
最后沖刺2012高考英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解：一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的定義
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間副詞tomorrow, soon或短語(yǔ)next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語(yǔ)。如：
What will you do this afternoon.你今天下午干什么？
We will have a meeting tomorrow.我們明天要開(kāi)會(huì)。
He is going to study abroad next year.明年他要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。
2.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用
(1)shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特別是表示客觀性的事情或在某條件下要發(fā)生的事情，只能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不來(lái)，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？
Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空嗎？
I think he will tell us the truth.我想他會(huì)告訴我們真實(shí)情況的。
(2)be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示已經(jīng)計(jì)劃或安排好了的事情，也可表示有跡象表明肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：
We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening.今天晚上開(kāi)會(huì)討論這件事情。
Look at the black clouds over there.I think it is going to rain soon.看一看那邊的烏云，我想天要下雨了。
There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要舉行一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
(3)be to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示一種常規(guī)性的活動(dòng)或注定要做的事情。如：
Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰(shuí)打掃教室了？
When are you to return your library book? 你什么時(shí)候要還圖書(shū)？
The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year.這渡橋該在今年年底前完工。
(4)be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一種時(shí)間上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：
Don’t leave.Li Lei is about to come.不要走了，李蕾就要來(lái)了。
Be quiet.The concert is about to start.安靜下來(lái)，音樂(lè)演唱會(huì)就要開(kāi)始了。
(5)be +現(xiàn)在分詞。表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這個(gè)句型中動(dòng)詞主要是瞬間動(dòng)詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：
Go ahead, and I’m coming.走前面一點(diǎn)吧，我就來(lái)。
The dog is dying.那條狗要死了。
Hurry up.The shop is closing.快點(diǎn)，商店就要關(guān)門(mén)了。
(6)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種嚴(yán)格按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。比方說(shuō)，上課、飛機(jī)起飛、火車離站等。如：
Don’t hurry.The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回憶八點(diǎn)過(guò)一刻開(kāi)始。
The bus goes back at four thirty.汽車四點(diǎn)返回。
第二篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法小結(jié)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法小結(jié)
英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
（1）be動(dòng)詞：is，am，are
（2）其他動(dòng)詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)第三人稱加s。
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)
（1）be動(dòng)詞：was，were
（2）其他動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式，即規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞特殊記。
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)
（1）will/ shall +動(dòng)詞原形
（2）is/ am/ are going to +動(dòng)詞原形
4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
（1）would +動(dòng)詞原形
（2）was/ were + to +動(dòng)詞原形
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
is/ am/ are +動(dòng)詞-ing
6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/were +動(dòng)詞-ing
7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去分詞，即規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞特殊記。
8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had + 過(guò)去分詞
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1．表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day
(week, month)等連用。
He plays football twice a week.他每周踢兩次足球。
I sometimes go to work on foot.我有時(shí)步行去上班。
2．表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。
It’s cold today.今天很冷。
You look tired now.你現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很疲乏。
3．表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer.她是個(gè)著名的歌唱家。
Tom likes swimming.湯姆喜歡游泳。
4．表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球與太陽(yáng)間的距離很遠(yuǎn)。
Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。
5．表示已預(yù)先安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如列車時(shí)刻等。
但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞。
The train from London arrives at 7:00.從倫敦來(lái)的火車7:00到站。
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差。
6．在時(shí)間及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打電話給你。
I’ll come if he invites me.如果他邀請(qǐng)我，我就來(lái)。
7．在以here, there開(kāi)頭的句子里，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Here comes the bus!汽車來(lái)了！
There goes the bell!鈴響了！
注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞之前。如：
There he comes!他來(lái)了！
8．某些表示心理狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體
行為。
I feel pain in my head.我頭疼。
I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思。
注意：此時(shí)只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞如：yesterday, last week, two
hours ago等連用。
My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了這里。
I was born in 1973.我生于1973年。
2．表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這時(shí)可與頻度副詞如：
often, usually, always等連用。
He always worked into night those days.那些日子他總是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987.1987年我經(jīng)常出差。
注意：表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常，而今不再”時(shí)，要用used to。如：
I used to read newspaper after breakfast.我過(guò)去經(jīng)常早飯后看報(bào)紙。（意指現(xiàn)在已不是這樣）
The children often swam in this river.孩子們過(guò)去經(jīng)常在這條河里游泳。(只表示過(guò)去有過(guò)這個(gè)事情，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))
3．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作，若用and, or, but等并列連詞連接，則一律用過(guò)去式。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.他放下這沉重的箱子，掏出鑰匙開(kāi)了房門(mén)。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他們把椅子搬到桌邊，坐下開(kāi)始吃飯。
4．在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.他說(shuō)他一得到消息就立即讓我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里。三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如next month, tomorrow, in a
week, soon等連用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我將去動(dòng)物園。
She’ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚她將去看電影。
（2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.冬季來(lái)臨時(shí)，一些鳥(niǎo)兒將飛往南方。
（3）“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”可以表示：
I）根據(jù)目前跡象某件事情很有可能發(fā)生。
Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.看那些云，快下雨了。
II）打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做某事。
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.我們打算在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。
will與is/ am/ are going to do的區(qū)別：
都可表示將來(lái)，通?？苫Q，但下面幾種情形只用will而不用be going to。
（1）表示帶有“意愿”色彩的將來(lái)時(shí)。
I’ll help you if you need.如果需要，我?guī)湍恪?/p>
（2）問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)。
Will you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去購(gòu)物嗎？
Will you please open the door? 請(qǐng)把門(mén)打開(kāi)好嗎？
（3）表示客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
It will be Monday tomorrow.明天是周一。
（4）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句如果是將來(lái)時(shí)，則多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.你出門(mén)時(shí)我會(huì)照看你的小寶寶。
I’ll open the window if you smoke here.你如果在這兒抽煙我就把窗戶打開(kāi)。
四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，多用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后。如果表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，只能用would，而不用should。如：
He said he would ring me up at six.他說(shuō)他六點(diǎn)鐘將給我打電話。
I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童時(shí)期經(jīng)常在這個(gè)池塘游泳。
This window wouldn’t close.這個(gè)窗戶老是關(guān)不上。
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
（1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now, at present, at this, moment等連用。
It is snowing now.現(xiàn)在正在下雪。
He is watching TV at present.他正在看電視。
（2）與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
He is studying hard these days.這些天他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
He is writing a book.他在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。
注意：在“Look!, Listen!”等感嘆句后，通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
Look!The bus is coming.看，公共汽車來(lái)了。
比較：
Look!There comes the bus.（以Here, There為首的句子以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）
（3）與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示最近計(jì)劃或安排好的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主要用于go, come，arrive, leave start, return等瞬間動(dòng)詞。即用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.他今晚去南京。
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.會(huì)議在下午3：00開(kāi)始。
（4）與always, continually, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話
人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提這類愚蠢的問(wèn)題。
He is continually making mistakes.他不斷地犯錯(cuò)誤。
沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
1．表示“存在、位置”的動(dòng)詞。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于）
She is a doctor.她是名醫(yī)生。
The mountain lies in the middle of the country.這座山位于該國(guó)的中部。
The tower stands beside the river.這座塔位于河邊。
但是，lie, stand分別作“躺、站”解時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
The cat is lying under the table.貓?zhí)稍谧雷酉旅妗?/p>
He is standing against the door.他正靠門(mén)站著。
2．表示“所有”的動(dòng)詞。如：have（有），own（擁有）
I have a new car.我有一輛新車。
He owns a lot of houses.他擁有許多房子。
但是，當(dāng)have作“吃、舉行”講時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
She is having lunch now.她現(xiàn)在正在吃午飯。
They are having a sports meeting.他們正在舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
3．表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞。如：see（看到），hear（聽(tīng)到），smell（聞到），feel（摸起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一條蛇躺在草叢里。
4．表示心理活動(dòng)和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作為），like（喜歡），love（愛(ài)），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等。
I think they are right.我認(rèn)為他們是正確的。
I like music.我喜歡音樂(lè)。
但是，think作“想，考慮”解時(shí)，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I’m thinking about it now.我現(xiàn)在正在考慮這事。
Do you know what he is thinking about? 你知道他在想什么嗎？
六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
（1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般和過(guò)去的特定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。
如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.上周日的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在打排球。
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.李芳的爸爸回來(lái)時(shí)她正在看電視。
（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間是持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
They were making ships last month.他們上個(gè)月正在造船。
（3）go, come, leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間安排或計(jì)劃好的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)到達(dá)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)做完的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有過(guò)這件事”。
I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋。
I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了。
My father worked last Sunday.我爸爸上周日工作了。
My father was working last Sunday.我爸爸上周日在工作。
七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。
I have just read your letter.我剛剛讀完你的信。
He has already come back.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了.（2）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。for后通常跟
一個(gè)時(shí)間段，而since后只能跟一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
for two weeks持續(xù)兩周時(shí)間；since Monday自從周一
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。
I have been here since 1976.自從1976年我就一直在這里。瞬間動(dòng)詞及注意要點(diǎn)：
a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如come, go, begin, join等，則不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：他到此兩周了。
He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）
此時(shí)需轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式：
① 用ago代替for，并改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
② 用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替瞬間動(dòng)詞。
③ 用It is/It has been…since…句型。
所以上面的句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：
① He arrived here two weeks ago.② He has been here for two weeks.③ It is/ It has been two weeks since he arrived here.b.當(dāng)瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句時(shí)，則可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：
I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年沒(méi)去那兒。
（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)直到現(xiàn)在為止的生活經(jīng)歷。
I have been to Paris twice.我去過(guò)巴黎兩次。
It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.它是我看過(guò)的最有趣的電影之一。
比較have been to與have gone to
have been to表示“去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)了，可以與ever ,since等詞連用。如：
I have ever been to London.我曾去過(guò)倫敦。
have gone to表示“去某地了”，現(xiàn)在尚未回來(lái)，不能與ever, since等詞連用。
He has gone to London.他去倫敦了。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
二者都表示“動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生”，區(qū)別在于：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，即對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)
去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。
He has learned French for three years.他學(xué)法語(yǔ)已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾學(xué)過(guò)三年法語(yǔ)。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn’t find it.誰(shuí)拿走了我的包？我找不著了！
He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打掃過(guò)房間。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房間很干凈，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)打掃過(guò)了。
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間副詞連用，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則可以。
He has done some washing yesterday.（F）
He did some washing yesterday.（T）
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法相似，只不過(guò)作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。
（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常by, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀
語(yǔ)連用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到愛(ài)迪生10歲時(shí)，他已給自己建了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒(méi)說(shuō)話，他已把衣服量完了。
I thought I had seen him before.我原以為以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
（2）表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間
狀語(yǔ)相連用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說(shuō)她已在那所醫(yī)院工作20年了。
He said he had taught in the university since 1989.他說(shuō)自從1989年他就在這所大學(xué)任教。
（3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)又追敘或補(bǔ)述更早以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.對(duì)于此事我一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲乙央x開(kāi)6個(gè)月了。
Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.有些人跑上了街，他們聽(tīng)到很響的嘈雜聲。
時(shí)態(tài)的一致
在一些從句（主要是賓語(yǔ)從句）中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致。
時(shí)態(tài)的一致通常分以下一些情況下考慮：
1．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需時(shí)
態(tài)。如：
I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.我知道布朗先生是一名好老師。
She believes that he was once a solider.她相信他以前曾是一名士兵。
He will tell us what he is going to do.他將告訴我們他要干什么。
2．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為下面三種情況：
（1）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句則需要用一
般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
He was wondering where he could put the box.他不知道該把這個(gè)盒子放在哪里。
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.老師在黑板上板書(shū)時(shí)，學(xué)生們?cè)谡f(shuō)話。
（2）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，從句則要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
The train had left when they got to the station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。
He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他說(shuō)他父親已經(jīng)去世二十年了。
（3）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后，從句則要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
She said she would finish the work tonight.她說(shuō)過(guò)她將于今晚完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We knew that it was going to snow.我們知道將要下雪了。
3．當(dāng)從句所說(shuō)明的為一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，無(wú)論主句為何時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受影響，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.男孩被告知月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.人人都知道一小時(shí)有六十分鐘。
第三篇：中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)（共）
中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及計(jì)劃、打算做某事。
E.g.They will have a football match tomorrow.He will be thirty next week.She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.其結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種：
1）will + 動(dòng)詞原形（will可以用于任何人稱）需要注意的是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可以換成shall，特別是在以I或we作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中，一般用shall.e.g.Shall we go to the zoo？
2）be going to +動(dòng)詞原形
3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)，前邊已經(jīng)講過(guò)，這里不在重復(fù)。
第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是:變否定句在will后邊加not.變一般疑問(wèn)句把will提前。e.g.She will be back in three days.She will not be back in three days.Will She be back in three days？ 第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章。E.g.They are going to clean their classroom.They are not going to clean their classroom.Are they going to clean their classroom？
其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有如下幾種
1）this引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語(yǔ) 如tomorrow morning 3）next引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 next month 4）from now on ； in the future ； in an hour 等。
做題時(shí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下：
一、易忽視動(dòng)詞用原形形式例：
He will is（be）at school next Monday.2 He is going to does（do）his homework after school.答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一題有的同學(xué)一看he做主語(yǔ)就用了is，忽視了will后應(yīng)加動(dòng)詞原形。我們?cè)趯?xiě)句子時(shí)，很容易把動(dòng)詞丟掉，“英語(yǔ)句子里，動(dòng)詞不能少”的 規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動(dòng)詞原形，而不是用單三人稱。
二、be going to +動(dòng)詞原形與will+動(dòng)詞原形用法不清楚例：我正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加英語(yǔ)考試。
I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.解析：“be going to” 表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事。
E.g.He is going to visit his friends.還表示某種跡象表明會(huì)發(fā)生某事。
e.g.Look at the clouds.It‘s going to rain.而“Will+動(dòng)詞原形 ”指對(duì)將來(lái)事物的預(yù)見(jiàn)、表示意愿、決心。
E.g.I will wait for you until you come.在單純預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)時(shí)，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用be going to，而不能用will.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、單選
_____you ____a doctor when you grow up？
A Will； going to be B Are； going to be C Are； / D Will； be 2 I don‘t know if his uncle _____.I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.A will come； comes
B will come； will come C comes； comes D comes； will come 3 He will be back _____a few minutes.A with B for C on D in 4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow？
A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.A finishes B doesn‘t finish C will finish D won’t finish 6 There _____some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It ____my brother‘s birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.A is going to be； will have B will be； is having C will be； is going to have D will have； is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now，next year he _____11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 答案：
B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C
二、填空
1-“I need some paper.”
-“I ____（bring）some for you.”
2____（be）you free tomorrow？
They _________（not leave）until you come back.4 _____we_____（go）to the party together this afternoon？
They want to know when the meeting _____start.6 I _____（go）with you if I have time.7 Hurry up！Or we ______（be）late.8 What ____you _______（do）tomorrow afternoon？
Jenny ____ _____（do）an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isn‘t free tomorrow，she _______（not take）part in the party.答案：
will bring 2 Are 3 won’t leave 4 Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won‘t take
三、There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：
There_________ a basketball match this afternoon.（B）
A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have 答案：A 解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來(lái)時(shí)。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的。
四、be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to例：I‘m going _______（go）school by bike tomorrow.（C）
A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案:B 解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，所以先確定用to go，在B、D當(dāng)中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粋€(gè)to而省略，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，需要注意。
另外，在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，前邊已經(jīng)講過(guò)，這里不在重復(fù)。
第四篇：高考數(shù)學(xué)最后沖刺大題
高考數(shù)學(xué)最后沖刺大題匯編（高分必備）
1.三角函數(shù)
（1）求值：主要考角的變換（配角，二倍角正逆兩用，齊次式，角度相對(duì)性）
（2）圖像性質(zhì)：降冪公式、輔助角公式、五點(diǎn)作圖（方法）、四大性質(zhì)、有范圍的值域問(wèn)
題
（3）正余弦定理：正余弦定理、面積公式（倆公式）、向量數(shù)量積、測(cè)量航海等實(shí)際應(yīng)用
問(wèn)題
（4）與二次函數(shù)、斜率、圓、橢圓參數(shù)方程相關(guān)的最值問(wèn)題
2.概率統(tǒng)計(jì)
（1）幾何概型：分清數(shù)軸和線性規(guī)劃（坐標(biāo)系）、積分（兩種問(wèn)題）有關(guān)問(wèn)題
（2）條件概率：根據(jù)條件敘述判斷得到
（3）古典概型
（4）二項(xiàng)分布
3.立體幾何
（1）線面平行垂直位置關(guān)系、空間角
（2）體積、面積、三視圖、斜二側(cè)畫(huà)法
4.導(dǎo)數(shù)
（1）兩種切線問(wèn)題：已知是切點(diǎn)；不是切點(diǎn)
（2）兩種單調(diào)性問(wèn)題：求單調(diào)區(qū)間；已知單調(diào)性
（3）與之相關(guān)的不等式證明、零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)問(wèn)題
5.數(shù)列,n?1?S1（1）an??相關(guān)思想 S?S,n?2n?1?n
（2）累加、累乘、錯(cuò)位相減、列項(xiàng)相消
（3）數(shù)學(xué)歸納法
（4）二項(xiàng)式定理
（5）遞推、同除、湊配等方法
（6）等差等比數(shù)列相關(guān)公式
（7）分段數(shù)列
（8）函數(shù)相關(guān)
6.解析幾何
（1）求軌跡：直接、轉(zhuǎn)代、參數(shù)
（2）幾何性質(zhì)
（3）與判別式、韋達(dá)定理、面積、中點(diǎn)、弦長(zhǎng)、最值（本身隱含，函數(shù)，均值）直線設(shè)
法相關(guān)的問(wèn)題
第五篇：英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法
八種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征。① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子中常有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等)，once/twice,a(week等), on(Sunday等),never,in the(morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)② 表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快)③ 表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來(lái),句子中可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開(kāi)往漢口的列車上午8點(diǎn)開(kāi)車)④ 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),句子可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國(guó)就給我打電話)/ If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come, go為主。如：Here comes the bus.(車來(lái)了)/ There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。⑥ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用于體育比賽的解說(shuō)或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活動(dòng)和感官動(dòng)作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認(rèn)為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see.如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)
一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常 發(fā)生。① 表示過(guò)去具體時(shí)刻發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at(eight)(yesterday morning),(ten minutes)ago, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人正和他父親談話)② 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last(year等), in(1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來(lái)到我們市)③ 表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young./ Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④ 講故事、對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過(guò)去事件等一般用過(guò)去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。①一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one day,now,soon，someday,sometime, in the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等。② 用will構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無(wú)關(guān)?！皊hall”用于第一人稱,“will”
用于所有人
稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過(guò)了)③ “am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個(gè)人告訴他們那個(gè)婦女就會(huì)生下那個(gè)特別的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④ 表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑).So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請(qǐng)等我回頭)⑤ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)。(見(jiàn)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài))⑥ shall和will 在口語(yǔ)的一些疑問(wèn)句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門(mén)打開(kāi)好嗎？)
⑦ “be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。①
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be(am is are)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。②
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹(shù)上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫(xiě)一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō))③
表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就來(lái))/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④
表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢(qián),過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。①
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。②
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at(eight)yesterday(morning),(a year)ago, 以及由when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具)③
用于賓語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。句子中通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過(guò)時(shí)看到事情的發(fā)生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們?cè)诤诎档纳掷镒邥r(shí)唱了很多歌)④
也可以表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時(shí)老向我借錢(qián))
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的、對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,或表示開(kāi)始在過(guò)去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。①在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。②表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three
times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before.(我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有看過(guò)這么好的畫(huà))/ He has just gone to England.(他剛?cè)ビ?guó))③表示在過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for(two years),since 1990, since(two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開(kāi)張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)④口語(yǔ)中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書(shū)館有上萬(wàn)本書(shū))⑤have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過(guò)”)表示人在這里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國(guó)。)/--Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過(guò)那里三次。)⑥在完成時(shí)中,一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(一次性動(dòng)作)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,此時(shí)須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：
瞬間性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí) → 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí) have(already)gone to… have been in / at … for(two years)has
come to… has been here since(1990)(had)
left…(had)been away from…
arrived…
been in…
died
been dead
begun
been on
ended
been over
bought...had…
borrowed…
kept…
joined…
been in …
或者使用下面這個(gè)句型：It is / has been +(多久)+ since + 主語(yǔ)(人)+謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去時(shí))+……+過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
[注意] 在其它的時(shí)態(tài)中也存在類似問(wèn)題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書(shū)我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)言之, 過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。①過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。②過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：by(yesterday), by then, by the end of(last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語(yǔ),也會(huì)有for… 或since…構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當(dāng)老師來(lái)的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè)婦女是個(gè)騙子時(shí)她已經(jīng)走掉了)③過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說(shuō)他以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)袋鼠)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。①過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。②過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常由于賓語(yǔ)從句中,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later, soon, the next(day).③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),而應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應(yīng)付
給我許多錢(qián)如果我?guī)椭隳莻€(gè)項(xiàng)目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會(huì)坐下來(lái)看看書(shū))④表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/were going to(+動(dòng)詞原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)⑤過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可以表示一個(gè)過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時(shí)他會(huì)隨身帶一把雨傘)
(9)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征,結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí))/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)21
其他回答 共5條 一)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài).但是常見(jiàn)的只有九種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).一般過(guò)去時(shí).一般將來(lái)時(shí).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).過(guò)去完成時(shí).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).常用的時(shí)態(tài)只有八種.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1)表示經(jīng)常性.習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).特征和真理.句中常用 often.usually.every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如: He goes to school every day.(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)He is very happy.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))
The earth moves around the sun.(真理)
2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái).例如: If you come this afternoon.we’ ll have a meeting.When I graduate.I`ll go to the countryside.3)有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃.規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如 begin.come.leave.go.arrive.start.stop.return.open.close等.例如: The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning.4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞.如 be.like.hate.think.remember.find.sound等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例如:
I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題.小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
l)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事.存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.He saw Mr Wang yesterday.He worked in a factory in 1986
2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.也可用[used to“和[would +動(dòng)詞原形”.例如: I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意,used to表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).另外?[to be used to +名詞(動(dòng)句詞)[表示“習(xí)慣于--.例如
I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).其表達(dá)形式除了[ will或 shall十動(dòng)詞原形”外.還有以下幾種形式.l)[ to be going to十動(dòng)詞原形“.表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事.例如: It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2)go.come.start.move.sail.leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如:
I`m leaving for Beijing.3)[be to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn).例如: Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4)[ be about to十動(dòng)詞原形“表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如: We are about to leave.5)某些詞.如 come.go.leave.arrive.start等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái).The meeting starts at five o`clock.He is leaving tomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.由[ to be十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.另外[系動(dòng)詞十介詞或副詞“也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義.例如: What are you doing?
The bridge is under construction.2)表示感覺(jué).愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如 have.be.hear.see.like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí).5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
l)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻.某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.由[ was(were)十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由[ have十過(guò)去分詞“構(gòu)成.其使用有兩種情況:
1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成.而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響.句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如
He has gone to Fuzhou.(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他不在該地)He has been to Fuzhou.(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他在該地)
2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去.持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去.常用for和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far.now.today.this week(month.year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)問(wèn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ).例如: He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞.如 come.go.die.marry.buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for.since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用.3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中.表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作.例如: I`ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning.we`ll go to the park.7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
l)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由[ had十過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).句中常用 by.before.until.when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如:
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去.例如:
Before he slept.he had worked for 12 hours.8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由[ should或 would十動(dòng)詞原形“構(gòu)成.第一人稱用 should.其他人稱用 would.例如:
They were sure that they would succeed.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由[ have(has)十 been十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.有些詞.如 work.study.live.teach等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多.例如:
I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思.例如: I have written a letter(已寫(xiě)完)
I have been writing a letter.(還在寫(xiě))
注意:表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞.如 finish.marry.get up.come.go等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài).回答者： huangyongwen60 | 六級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:38 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1．表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week, month)等連用。
He plays football twice a week.I sometimes go to work on foot.2．表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。
It’s cold today.You look tired now.3．表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer.Tom likes swimming.4．表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun.Five and three makes eight.5．表示已預(yù)先安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞。
The train from London arrives at 7:00.He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.6．在時(shí)間及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.I’ll come if he invites me.7．在以here, there開(kāi)頭的句子里，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Here comes the bus!
There goes the bell!鈴響了！
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞之前。如：
There he comes!他來(lái)了！
8．某些表示心理狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為。
I feel pain in my head.I don’t understand what you mean.此時(shí)只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等連用。
My family moved here five years ago.I was born in 1973.。
2．表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這時(shí)可與頻度副詞如：often, usually, always等連用。
He always worked into night those days.I often left on business in 1987.1987 表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常，而今不再”時(shí)，要用used to（意指現(xiàn)在已不是這樣）
如：I used to read newspaper after breakfast.The children often swam in this river.3．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作，若用and, or, but等并列連詞連接，則一律用過(guò)去式。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.4．在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等連用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.She’ll go to the cinema tonight.（2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.（3）“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”可以表示：
I）根據(jù)目前跡象某件事情很有可能發(fā)生。
Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.II）打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做某事
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.will與be going to都可表示將來(lái)，通?？苫Q，但下面幾種情形只用will而不用be going to。
（1）表示“帶有意愿色彩的將來(lái)”時(shí)
I’ll help you if you need.（2）問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)
Will you go shopping with me?
Will you please open the door?（3）表示客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事情
It will be Monday tomorrow.（4）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句如果是將來(lái)時(shí)，則多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.I’ll open the window if you smoke here.四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法相同（參見(jiàn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)）
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，只能用would，而不用should。如： I would swim in this pool when I was a child.This window wouldn’t close.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
（1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now, at present, at this, moment等連用。
It is snowing now.He is watching TV at present（2）與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。He is studying hard these days.He is writing a book.在“Look!, Listen!”等感嘆句后，通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look!The bus is coming.比較：Look!There comes the bus.（以Here, There為首的句子以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）
（3）與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示最近計(jì)劃或安排好的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬間動(dòng)詞。即用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.（4）與always, continually, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions.He is continually making mistakes.。
沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
1． 表示“存在、位置”的動(dòng)詞。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于）
She is a doctor.The mountain lies in the middle of the country.The tower stands beside the river.lie, stand分別作“躺、站”解時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
The cat is lying under the table.He is standing against the door.2． 表示“所有”的動(dòng)詞。如：have（有），own（擁有）
I have a new car.He owns a lot of houses.當(dāng)have作“吃、舉行”講時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
She is having lunch now.They are having a sports meeting.3． 表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞。如：see（看到），hear（聽(tīng)到），smell（聞到），feel（摸起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.4． 表示心理活動(dòng)和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作為），like（喜歡），love（愛(ài)），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等
I think they are right.I like music.think作“想，考慮”解時(shí)，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I’m thinking about it now.Do you know what he is thinking about?
六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相同，只不過(guò)參照的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不同。（1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間是持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
They were making ships last month.（3）go, come, leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間安排或計(jì)劃好的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飛
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有過(guò)這件事”。
I was playing chess last night.I played chess last night.My father worked last Sunday.My father was working last Sunday.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
（1）表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，但后果或影響仍在。常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。
I have just read your letter.He has already come back.(2）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
He has lived here for three years.I have been here since 1976.①．for后通常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，而since后只能跟一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：for two weeks持續(xù)兩周時(shí)間；since Monday自從周一。
②．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如come, go, begin, join等，則不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：他到此兩周了：He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）此時(shí)需轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式： ①用ago代替for，并改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)②用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替瞬間動(dòng)詞③用It is/It has been…since…句型，如：
He arrived here two weeks ago.He has been here for two weeks.It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.當(dāng)瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句時(shí)，則可以與時(shí)間段連用。如： I haven’t gone there for six years.（3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作已成為某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I have been to Paris twice.It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.比較have been to與have gone to
have been to表示“去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)了，可以與ever ,since等詞連用。如：
I have ever been to London.have gone to表示“去某地了”現(xiàn)在尚未回來(lái)，不能與ever, since等詞連用。
He has gone to London.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
二者都表示“動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生”，區(qū)別在于：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，即對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。He has learned French for three years.他學(xué)法語(yǔ)已三年了。He learned French for three years.他曾學(xué)過(guò)三年法語(yǔ)。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.誰(shuí)拿走了我的包？我找不著了！He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打掃過(guò)房間。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房間很干凈，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)打掃過(guò)了。
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間副詞連用，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則可以。
He has done some washing yesterday.（F）
He did some washing yesterday.（T）
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法相同，只不過(guò)作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。
（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常by, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒(méi)說(shuō)話，他已把衣服量完了。
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.我們剛到學(xué)校天就下雨了。
（2）表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相連用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.He said he had taught in the university since 1957.（3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)又追敘或補(bǔ)述更早以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.九、時(shí)態(tài)的一致
在一些從句（主要是賓語(yǔ)從句）中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致。
時(shí)態(tài)的一致通常分以下一些情況下考慮：
1．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.She believes that he was once a solider.He will tell us what he is going to do.2．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為下面三種情況：
（1）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句則需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
He was wondering where he could put the box.The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.（2）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，從句則要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他說(shuō)他父親已經(jīng)去世二十年了。
（3）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后，從句則要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
She said she would finish the work tonight.We knew that it was going to snow.3．當(dāng)從句所說(shuō)明的為一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，無(wú)論主句為何時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受影響，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.回答者： 飄零漫雪 | 四級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:38
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+do/does(現(xiàn)在分詞)
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+did
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are doing
4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were doing
e.g 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has done
6.過(guò)去完成時(shí): had done
7.一般將來(lái)時(shí): will do/
8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): was/were to /would do
回答者： dolphin°の調(diào) | 十級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:39
英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。
是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
下面就英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述，其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這八種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays，3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句：.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：
1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.4.否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：
1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.九.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
1.概念：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the time of;by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（將來(lái)）;by the time+從句（將來(lái)）
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
1.概念：在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話為止
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has +been+doing 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：
十一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看：
A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看：
The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.回答者： kevinyb | 八級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:39一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）
4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)/三單+do/does not+V原+其他
5.一般疑問(wèn)句：用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句:He is always ready to help others.Do you like it?
I don't like it at all.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞或be的過(guò)去時(shí)+名詞
4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were +not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.例句：She often came to help us in those days.Did they arrive at the hotel yesterday?
I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?？梢员硎居杏?jì)劃的未來(lái)，也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at the moment , at the time , today , tonight , this morning , this afternoon , this evening , this week , this month , this year , while , ect.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be+v.-ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 4.例句： The leaves are turning red.Are they playing football in the playground?
He is not waiting for his brother at all.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其他
4.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.Was she reading the book at 12:30?
He wasn't working in his office at that time.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他
4.例句：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.Have they finished their task? He hasn't understood yet.六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.until，as soon as
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他
4.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.Had he watched this film before last Sunday? They hadn't been to Chengdu before the visit.七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+will/shall + do+其他
4.例句：He will phone his aunt tomorrow.Will there be a meeting at school tomorrow? We won't forget your kindness.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+would/should + do+其他
4.例句：He said he would go home the next day.Did he said that he would come the next week?
She didn't expect that she would be late.
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 