第一篇：四六級(jí)寫作30個(gè)最經(jīng)典的替換詞

四六級(jí)寫作30個(gè)最經(jīng)典的替換詞

1.individuals,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)

2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替換bad如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因?yàn)槭菚嬲Z，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 8: shared 代 common

9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits)

10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very

16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替換 unnecessary, avoidable

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect

20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 23.desire 替換want.24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替換remember

26.enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction替換communication

28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth

29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作經(jīng)典句型

1）主語從句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that… It is / that 2）賓（表）語從句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3）定語從句（限定性和非限定性）

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…，There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.4）狀語從句（時(shí)間，原因，地點(diǎn)，條件，讓步，轉(zhuǎn)折等）

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster（怪物）which will devour him.Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.5）分詞短語做定語或狀語

Prof.Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6）倒裝句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.7）被動(dòng)句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.Many people believe that…（It is believed that…）

8）設(shè)問句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? 四六級(jí)寫作便于引用的36個(gè)經(jīng)典諺語

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done.說起來容易做起來難。4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，謬之千里。6.Slow and steady wins the race.穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打無往而不勝。7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.實(shí)踐出真知。

9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聰明孩子也變傻。

10.eauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.無德之美猶如沒有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty,less speed.欲速則不達(dá)。

12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold.閃光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day.偉業(yè)非一日之功。17.Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。

18.well begun,half done.好的開始等于成功的一半。19.It is hard to please all.眾口難調(diào)。

20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不見，心不念。

21.Facts speak plainer than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。22.Call back white and white back.顛倒黑白。23.First things first.凡事有輕重緩急。24.Ill news travels fast.壞事傳千里。

25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情

26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活著不是為了吃飯，吃飯為了活著。27.Action speaks louder than words.行動(dòng)勝過語言。

28.East or west,home is the best.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。

29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能當(dāng)飯吃。31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。35.AS the tree,so the fruit.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。

36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活著為了學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)為了更好的活著。

英文寫作開頭結(jié)尾萬能公式

一 開頭萬能公式：

1.開頭萬能公式一：

名人名言有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢！對(duì)吧？經(jīng)典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.”(適用于已記住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(適用于自編名言)更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2.開頭萬能公式二：

數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：

Honesty

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

二結(jié)尾萬能公式：

1.結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！

更多過渡短語：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2.結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛斫?jīng)?？歼@個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會(huì)怎么想呢？更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.1.It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the

quality of the population.2.It is(has been)estimated that the worlds population

could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.3.It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of

success but hard work.4.It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in

the world we can overcome.5.As is known man is the product of labor.6.It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose

will surely succeed.7.It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.8.It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty

hours each day.9.Its hard to say whether the plan is practicable.10.There is no doubt that others will help you if you have

any difficulties.11.It seems certain that they have made a series of

experiments.12.It is said that bats have been using radar for millions

of years.13.To tell the truth, many mistakes we made could have

been avoided.14.As we know, it was not until recently that the problem

was solved.15.It must be admitted that you havent done what you

promised to do.16.In my opinion, this computer is different from that one

you saw.17.It is certain that we have a long way to go.18.All this shows that nothing can prevent us from

reaching our aims.19.As far as we know, it took him more than a year to

write the book.20.It has been proved that every substance, no matter what

it is, is made up of atoms.21.It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within his year.22.It is obvious(evident)that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts.23.To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no

other choice.24.It is natural that one may have trouble expressing

complicated ideas in simple English.25.What is more important, the agreement they have

negotiated is being carried out.26.We will be successful as long as we persevere.27.Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply

to things happening here.28.It is true that we must redouble our efforts;otherwise

we cannot catch up with the developed countries.29.I take it for granted that they will support this idea.30.In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.31.The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.32.There is no denying the fact that the new management

method has greatly increased the production.33.There is no denying the fact that the new management

method has greatly increased the production.34.Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldnt utter a word.35.As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.36.Our goal must be attained.Our goal can unquestionably be attained.37.Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations.38.Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, video

orders.39.No matter how difficult English may be, you should do

your best to learn it.40.It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations.

第二篇：四六級(jí)寫作常用詞語高級(jí)替換詞PART2

寫作常用詞語高級(jí)替換系列—副詞

非常（very['ver?]）exceedingly[?k'si?d??l?]

【例句】The child has skipped to the third grade as he did exceedingly well in his studies.【翻譯】這孩子因成績(jī)優(yōu)異而越級(jí)升入三年級(jí)。extremely[?k'stri?ml?] 【例句】He had been extremely tactful in dealing with the financial question.【翻譯】他在處理這個(gè)財(cái)務(wù)問題時(shí)很有分寸。considerably [k?n's?d(?)r?bl?] 【例句】The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.【翻譯】不同的人對(duì)睡眠的需要差異相當(dāng)大。

尤其(especially [?'spe?(?)l?])specially['spe??l?] 【例句】It will be hard to work today---specially when it’s so warm and sunny outside.【翻譯】今天無心工作——尤其是外面這樣風(fēng)和日麗。notably['n??t?bl?] 【例句】Some subjects are very popular among students, notably computer science.【翻譯】一些課程在學(xué)生當(dāng)中是非常受歡迎的，尤其是計(jì)算機(jī)課。particularly[p?'t?kj?l?l?] 【例句】Traffic is bad, particularly in the city center.【翻譯】交通狀況很差，尤其實(shí)在市中心。

立即（immediately [?'mi?d??tl?]）directly [d?'rektl?] 【例句】Tell them I’ll be there directly.【翻譯】告訴他們我一會(huì)就到。instantly ['?nst(?)ntl?] 【例句】The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.【翻譯】那位外交官插進(jìn)一個(gè)笑話,緊張的氣氛頓時(shí)緩和下來。promptly ['pr?m(p)tl?] 【例句】She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.【翻譯】她立即抓住了因他不在場(chǎng)給她創(chuàng)造的機(jī)會(huì)。

明顯地（clearly ['kl??l?]）obviously ['?bv??sl?] 【例句】Obviously, they've had sponsorship from some big companies.【翻譯】很顯然，他們已經(jīng)得到某些大公司的贊助。apparently[?'p?r?ntl?] 【例句】Apparently they are getting divorced soon.【翻譯】看樣子，他們很快就要離婚。evidently ['ev?d(?)ntl?] 【例句】Ellis evidently wished to negotiate downwards after Atkinson had set the guidelines.【翻譯】埃利斯顯然希望在阿特金森制定了指導(dǎo)方針后繼續(xù)往下協(xié)商。

確定地(certainly ['s??t(?)nl?])definitely['def?n?tl?] 【例句】I definitely remember sending the letter.【翻譯】我記得這封信肯定發(fā)出去了。undoubtedly [?n'da?t?dl?] 【例句】Mr.Brooke is undoubtedly in a spot of bother.【翻譯】布魯克先生肯定遇到了點(diǎn)小麻煩。decidedly [d?'sa?d?dl?] 【例句】He made all the other players on the field look decidedly ordinary.【翻譯】他使場(chǎng)上所有其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員都黯然失色。

完全地（totally ['t??t?l?]）completely[k?m'pli?tl?] 【例句】This newspaper gave a completely different slant on the tax reform.【翻譯】這家報(bào)紙對(duì)稅制改革持有完全不同的看法。absolutely['?bs?lu?tl?] 【例句】At the end of a day’s teaching, her nerves were absolutely shattered.【翻譯】教了一天課，她精疲力竭。entirely [?n'ta??l?] 【例句】An entirely rigid system is impractical.【翻譯】一套完全死板的體制是不實(shí)際的。

廣泛地(widely)generally['d?en(?)r?l?] 【例句】The plan was generally welcomed.【翻譯】該計(jì)劃大受歡迎。extensively [ik'stensivli] 【例句】She has travelled extensively.【翻譯】她游歷甚廣。universally[ju?n?'v??s?l?] 【例句】The scale of the problem is now universally recognized.【翻譯】現(xiàn)在全世界的人都已認(rèn)識(shí)到了這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性。

寫作常用詞語高級(jí)替換系列—?jiǎng)釉~

認(rèn)為(think [θ??k])deem [di?m]

【例句】I deem it advisable to purchase the shares in the railway now.【翻譯】我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在購買鐵路股票是明智的。reckon['rek(?)n] 【例句】I reckon she has good reason to feel smug.【翻譯】我認(rèn)為她洋洋得意必有其緣故。maintain[me?n'te?n]

【例句】She maintains that the accusation is groundless.【翻譯】她堅(jiān)稱該指控是毫無根據(jù)的。

解決（solve[s?lv]）tackle['t?k(?)l] 【例句】I don't know how to tackle this problem.【翻譯】我不知道該如何處理這個(gè)問題。cope with[k??p]

【例句】We have taken on extra staff to cope with the increased workload.【翻譯】我們已經(jīng)額外雇用員工來應(yīng)付增加了的工作量。dispose of

[d?'sp??z]

【例句】You did us a great favor by disposing of that problem.【翻譯】你解決了那個(gè)問題，可算是幫了我們一個(gè)大忙。

提高（improve[?m'pru?v]）enhance [?n'hɑ?ns]

【例句】They'll be keen to enhance their reputation abroad.【翻譯】他們會(huì)非?？释岣咚麄?cè)趪獾穆曌u(yù)。boost [bu?st]

【例句】We need a big win to boost our confidence.【翻譯】我們需要大勝一場(chǎng)來增強(qiáng)信心。elevate['el?ve?t] 【例句】Good books may elevate the mind.【翻譯】好書可以提高思想修養(yǎng)。

激勵(lì)(encourage [?n'k?r?d?])motivate ['m??t?ve?t] 【例句】Stock options are a good way to motivate employees to work harder.【翻譯】股票選擇權(quán)是激勵(lì)員工更努力工作的好方法。stimulate['st?mj?le?t] 【例句】They counted on foreign investment to stimulate their economy.【翻譯】他們想依靠外國投資來刺激他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。inspire [?n'spa??] 【例句】Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.【翻譯】她的工作并沒有真正的使我產(chǎn)生信心。

引起（cause[k??z]）result in 【例句】The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production.【翻譯】這次洪水造成相當(dāng)大的減產(chǎn)。give rise to 【例句】So many things concurred to give rise to the problem.【翻譯】許多事情同時(shí)發(fā)生而導(dǎo)致了這一問題。trigger ['tr?g?] 【例句】The current recession was triggered by a slump in consumer spending.【翻譯】目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退是由消費(fèi)支出驟跌引起的。

完成(finish ['f?n??])fulfill[ful'fil] 【例句】Unless we make a move soon, we shall not be able to fulfill our plan.【翻譯】如果不趕快采取行動(dòng), 我們就不能完成計(jì)劃了。accomplish [?'k?mpl??] 【例句】Though the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time.【翻譯】盡管任務(wù)困難, 他們?nèi)园磿r(shí)完成了。complete[k?m'pli?t]

【例句】He pulled out all the stops to complete the work in time.【翻譯】他竭盡全力及時(shí)完成了工作。

支持（support [s?'port?bl]）advocate ['?dv?ke?t] 【例句】We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation, instead of appealing to arms.【翻譯】我們主張通過協(xié)商解決國際爭(zhēng)端, 而不主張?jiān)V諸武力。argue for['ɑ?gju?]

【例句】Do directors see new risks that argue for a different approach? 【翻譯】董事們有沒有看到可能支持不同做法的新風(fēng)險(xiǎn)? infavour of ['fe?v?] 【例句】The majority voted in favor of the proposal.【翻譯】多數(shù)人投票贊成這項(xiàng)提案。

反對(duì)(object['?bd??kt])argue against['ɑ?gju?]

【例句】Three considerations argue against increasing fee.【翻譯】三種理由反對(duì)增加費(fèi)用。be opposed to[?'p??zd] 【例句】Mr Clarke has shown himself to be resolutely opposed to compromise.【翻譯】克拉克先生已表示自己堅(jiān)決反對(duì)妥協(xié)。frown on[fra?n] 【例句】He would frown on such a proposal.【翻譯】他不會(huì)贊成這樣的建議。

寫作常用詞語高級(jí)替換系列—名詞

事情（thing[θ??]）business[?b?zn?s] 【例句】I've got some unfinished business to attend to.【翻譯】我還有一些未完的事要處理。issue ['??u?]

【例句】Is it right for the Church to express a view on political issues? 【翻譯】教會(huì)對(duì)政治問題發(fā)表看法是否恰當(dāng)？ affair[?'fe?] 【例句】The government has mishandled the whole affair.【翻譯】政府對(duì)整個(gè)事件處理不當(dāng)。matter ['m?t?] 【例句】Until the matter is resolved the athletes will be ineligible to compete.【翻譯】除非這個(gè)問題得以解決，否則這些運(yùn)動(dòng)員沒有資格參加比賽。

優(yōu)點(diǎn)（advantage[?d'vɑ?nt?d?]）virtue ['v??tju?]

【例句】The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.【翻譯】這種椅子具有可調(diào)節(jié)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。merit ['mer?t] 【例句】They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.【翻譯】他們被勸服，認(rèn)識(shí)到了和平的好處。benefit ['ben?f?t] 【例句】The benefit of an x-ray far outweighs the minutely increased risk of cancer.【翻譯】X光檢查的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其在很小程度上增加的罹患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

缺點(diǎn)(disadvantage [d?s?d'vɑ?nt?d?])shortcoming['???tk?m??]

【例句】Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners.【翻譯】婚姻常因?yàn)榕渑茧p方的缺點(diǎn)而破裂。drawback['dr?,b?k] 【例句】He felt the apartment's only drawback was that it was too small.【翻譯】他覺得這個(gè)公寓唯一的缺點(diǎn)就是太小了。defect['di?fekt]

【例句】A report has pointed out the defects of the present system.【翻譯】一份報(bào)告指出了當(dāng)前體制存在的毛病。demerit [di?'mer?t] 【例句】The committee are looking at the merits and demerits of the proposal.【翻譯】委員會(huì)正在評(píng)判該提議的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。錯(cuò)誤(mistake[m?'ste?k])fault[f??lt]

【例句】It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business school.【翻譯】以為在商學(xué)院能學(xué)會(huì)如何管理人是一大錯(cuò)誤。error['er?] 【例句】She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.【翻譯】她認(rèn)真地檢查了打字稿, 排除了所有的錯(cuò)誤。fallacy['f?l?s?] 【例句】It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense.【翻譯】這暴露了以長(zhǎng)久的環(huán)境破壞為代價(jià)換取短期工業(yè)利益的錯(cuò)誤。

名聲（fame[fe?m]）reputation[repj?'te??(?)n] 【例句】He tried to lie away her reputation.【翻譯】他極力以謊言毀損她的名譽(yù)。renown [r?'na?n]

【例句】His renown has spread throughout the country.【翻譯】他的名聲已傳遍全國。prestige[pre'sti?(d)?]（強(qiáng)調(diào)好的名聲）

【例句】Their products enjoy ever higher prestige in the world market.【翻譯】他們的產(chǎn)品在世界市場(chǎng)上享有越來越高的聲譽(yù)。

能力（ability[?'b?l?t?]）capacity [k?'p?s?t?] 【例句】Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.【翻譯】她的才智和氣質(zhì)和他一樣出眾。capability[ke?p?'b?l?t?] 【例句】Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.【翻譯】他難以勝任組織整個(gè)部門的任務(wù)。competence ['k?mp?t(?)ns] 【例句】This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.【翻譯】這種混亂情況說明他難當(dāng)此任。

頂點(diǎn)（top[t?p]）climax['kla?m?ks] 【例句】It was the climax to 24 hours of growing anxiety.【翻譯】24小時(shí)里不斷加重的焦慮在那一刻達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)。peak[pi?k]

【例句】Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning.【翻譯】上午8、9點(diǎn)鐘之間是交通高峰期。zenith['z?n?θ]

【例句】His career is now at its zenith.【翻譯】他的事業(yè)現(xiàn)在處于鼎盛時(shí)期。

第三篇：四六級(jí)英語作文-經(jīng)典替換詞

經(jīng)典替換詞 individuals, characters, folks(people, persons)2 charming, decent, fascinating, desirable, prosperous, positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding(good)3 wrong, plain, negative, useless, evil, dark side, nasty, dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(bad)4 an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, many, if not most(many)注意查清 if not most 的用法 a slice of, quite a few, several(some)6 harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that(think)注意書面語that一般不省略 7 affair, business, matter(thing)8 shared(common)注意只是某些情況 9 reap huge fruits(get much benefit)10 for my part, from my own perspective(in my opinion)11 increasing(ly), growing(more and more)注意沒有g(shù)rowingly，當(dāng)修飾名詞用increasing/growing。修飾副詞用increasingly。另外參照紅皮教材。12 little if anything, little or nothing(hardly)13 beneficial rewarding(helpful)14 shopper, client, consumer, purchaser(customer)15 exceedingly, extremely, rather, fairly, greatly, considerably, exceedingly(very)16 hardly unnecessary, inevitable(necessary)17 sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb(sb take interest in)18 capture one’s attention(attract one’s attention)19 facet, dimension, sphere(aspect)注意sphere用時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎，facet更好用 be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of(分別代替indicate, suggest, fear)21 give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger(cause)注意trigger引發(fā)一連串不好的事情 22 there are several reasons behind sth(reasons for sth)23 desire(want)24 pour attention into(pay attention to)25 bear in mind that(remember)26 enjoy, possess(have)注意possess是一個(gè)過程的感覺 27 interaction(communication)28 frown on sth(be against, disagree with sth)29 to name only a few, as an example, for instance(for example)next to/virtually impossible(nearly impossible)31 be interested, be fond of, crazy about, fanatical about, favorite,be keen on(like)32 fascinating, lovely, pure, handsome, promising, appealing(beautiful)33 modernization, globalization, industrialization, update, upgrade(development)34 significant, essential, substantial, play a vital part(important)35 argue, declare, admit, guess, reckon, conclude, I hold the opinion that, as far as I am concerned(think)36 discuss, talk about(say)37 means, measure, remedy, approach(method)38 notice, observe, be confronted with, witness(see)39 achieve, accomplish, implement, fulfill(finish, complete)40 reject, object, decline, the last thing, anything but(refuse)41 seek, chase, pursue, explore, trace(follow)查清搭配 42 alike, equivalent, identical, similar(same)43 slim, tiny, minute, minor, insignificant(small)44 obvious, transparent, known to all, well-believed, widely-held(clear)45 vacant, blank, idle, bare, hollow(empty)46 inspire, stimulate, impulse, motivate(encourage)47 disaster, misfortune, tragedy grief, sorrow(bad luck)48 sole, unique, single, lonely(only)49 illustrate, demonstrate, indicate, reveal, illuminate(show)50 flaw, error, fault, weakness, defect(mistake)51 obligation, responsibility, liability, charge(duty)52 accumulate, assemble, crowd(join)53 present, up-to-date, contemporary, nowadays(now)54 desirable, advisable, priceless, feasible(valuable)

國內(nèi)考試作文常用表達(dá)(2008-10-10 12:01:54)

標(biāo)簽：雜談

分類：考研與四六級(jí)寫作

基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)：

越來越：be increasingly adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 許多問題：a host of/a number of problems 引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意識(shí)到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb.to the fact/danger 適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 接觸社會(huì)：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 獲得成功：achieve/accomplish success 提出觀點(diǎn)/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions 作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作：interfere with studies/work 產(chǎn)生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of one's life 剝奪機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way 采取措施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 躲避危險(xiǎn)/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 補(bǔ)償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explain the phenomenon 對(duì)……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on.provide/gain an insight into 把某因素考慮進(jìn)去：take sth.Into account(consideration), give much thought to 品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 培養(yǎng)對(duì)……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in 經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險(xiǎn)：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience 表現(xiàn)出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image 生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice 追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)：pursue one's academic interest/professional career 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)/技術(shù)：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 被看作學(xué)習(xí)的……榜樣：be held up as a good example 交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)/知識(shí)：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：play an(important/active/great)role/part 逃學(xué)/缺課：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture 知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富：rich in knowledge/experience 確立/追求目標(biāo)：set/pursue a goal/higher standard 到達(dá)目標(biāo)：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective 克服困難：overcome obstacles/difficulty 面臨危險(xiǎn)/困難：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty 阻礙了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻礙了發(fā)展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of The contents 持傳統(tǒng)的看法：hold conventional wisdom 發(fā)表看法：voice/express one's opinion 持相反/合理的觀點(diǎn)：take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某種一貫的說法：shatter the myth of 求得幫助：enlist one's support/help 縮小差別：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country)把成功/錯(cuò)誤歸咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to 對(duì)……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to 施加壓力：put/exert a academic pressure on 重視：assign/attach much importance/significance to 強(qiáng)調(diào)：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon 提供機(jī)會(huì)/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住機(jī)會(huì)：grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到機(jī)會(huì)：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 有可能：there is(little/much)possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 展開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：compete against/with sb.for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 開展運(yùn)動(dòng)：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)對(duì)我很有/沒有什么意義：make much/little sense to me 帶來無窮的幸福/滿足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 獻(xiàn)身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career 大不（沒什么）兩樣：make much(little/no)difference 真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is … 改變生活旅程：change/alter the course of life 建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)/實(shí)踐上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice 進(jìn)行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務(wù)：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 辭去工作/學(xué)習(xí)：leave/quit one's job/work/school 參加考試/競(jìng)賽等：enter(for)the examination/contest, race 參加活動(dòng)/討論：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude 進(jìn)入大學(xué)/社會(huì)/家庭/勞力市場(chǎng)/職業(yè)：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)減輕壓力/緊張：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 提高社會(huì)地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership 提高技術(shù)/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one's skill/ability 加快/促進(jìn)發(fā)展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of 隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 開闊眼界/興趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge)one's mental horizons 有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of 有助于解決問題：go a long way to(towards)solving the problem 迷戀名利/分?jǐn)?shù)：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 把時(shí)間花/浪費(fèi)在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用機(jī)會(huì)/技術(shù)：make(full/better)use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent 把知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use 取得進(jìn)步：make much progress/strides/gains in 充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability 充滿激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

寫作練習(xí)方法----溫故而知新

（一）(2008-10-10 14:34:22)

標(biāo)簽：雜談

分類：考研與四六級(jí)寫作

近日想到06年在東方的同事路程，實(shí)在是作文教學(xué)中的好手，卻行卷求學(xué)于名校，無緣東方。痛惜。又溫故而知新練習(xí)法也很多取材于此君，書于此以饗諸位。溫故—— u 表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)

1)have/hold/express opinions/views about/on/that 2)take/hold/have the attitude that/towards 3)in one’s opinion/view/point of view 注意：In my opinion, I think…是疊床架屋之舉，刪去一個(gè)。4)be convinced that 相當(dāng)于firmly believe that 5)deem（正式）認(rèn)為，視為。注意三種用法：

加從句：They deemed that he was a fool.加形容詞：The novel was deemed successful.加名詞：I deem it my duty to help the poor.6)presume 由某事推出某個(gè)結(jié)論：I presume from his accent that he is an American.7)suppose 側(cè)重于主觀推斷，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何。I suppose that you have been there before.8)maintain, argue, assert, emphasize… u 表示同意

agree that/with/to/on 1)approve of sth.2)take a positive attitude towards that 3)consent of sth./to do sth.4)accede to sth.正式用語，（最初不同意）同意，答應(yīng)。The government would not accede to public pressure.acced to a request/a proposal 這個(gè)詞還有繼職、就任的意思：accede to the minister 5)Support 6）vote / ballot for/against，cast one’s vote / ballot for / against

u 表示反對(duì)或意見不一 disagree 1)oppose/be opposed to 側(cè)重于積極的對(duì)抗態(tài)度和行為，Congress is opposed to the military budget.2)object to sth.有強(qiáng)烈的不喜歡，逆反的涵義，Why do you always object to everything he wished to do for you? There’s nothing wrong with being painted in the nude;artists do it all the time.But our silly husbands have a way of objecting to that sort of thing.3)resist 有一種公開性，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)外在威脅力量的驅(qū)除。抵制。They had resisted the and finally destroyed the Roman Empire.4)be divided over 在某件事情上有分歧。

u 表達(dá)應(yīng)該做某事 should/ought to do 1)be supposed to do 2)be expected to do 3)be one’s duty/responsibility/obligation to 知新—— u 引起

大雨引起了水災(zāi)。

The heavy rain _______ a flood.他的新建議引起了他人的好奇心。

His new suggestion _________the others’ curiosity.這部電影引起了我對(duì)童年的回憶。

This film __________ my memory of childhood.人口的增長(zhǎng)引起了住房的不足。

The increasing population _________ the shortage of housing.1)cause 是“引起”的全方位對(duì)等值對(duì)應(yīng)詞。不管引起的是什么事物、現(xiàn)象或活動(dòng)，一般均可用cause表示。盡管如此，cause在表意上仍然有側(cè)重——不如意或意外的發(fā)生。

North China was hit by unexpected heavy rain which caused severe flooding.The earthquake has caused only slight damages of houses.Many diseases are caused by microbes.2)arouse 側(cè)重對(duì)某些心理活動(dòng)的激起，以使其變得更活躍、更明顯。

His speech aroused public indignation.sb’s curiosity, suspicion.3)provoke

=to cause a feeling or attention This little article has provoked great interest of authorities.4)evoke

側(cè)重意念a memory, 情感a feeling的激起。

That movie evoked nice memories of my childhood.(call up)The suggestion of the headmaster evoked a heated discussion.(stir up)5)whet 引起食欲。Nothing can whet my appetite.6)originate 側(cè)重于起源，發(fā)源。

The use of steam originated many other reforms.Many other reforms originated in the use of steam.蒸汽為因，改革為果。7)give rise to, give occasion to, give birth to, lead to, set off, touch off, stir up, bring forth, call forth 多見于書面語中。

The increase in population gave rise to a shortage of houses.That remark gave occasion to a burst of laughter.The new plan called forth a good deal of criticism.The inclement weather brought forth a host of diseases.Mind it will set off a chain reaction.Conflict of interests between the imperialists gave birth to two world wars.8)result from, result in 側(cè)重表示由于某一過程的長(zhǎng)期延續(xù)而形成的必然結(jié)果。

Liver and kidney damages result from prolong usage of a number of drugs.Sickness often results from eating too much.9)be responsible for+事情，to+人 表示這層含義的時(shí)候，作主語的必須是表示人的主語。

The only reason responsible for the traffic accident is carelessness of the driver.u 負(fù)責(zé)

這邊的事由你負(fù)責(zé)。

You are ___________ the affairs here.他對(duì)工作很負(fù)責(zé)。He is __________ 1)charge 相當(dāng)于have the management of，傾向于管理。

be in the charge of, be left in charge of, take charge of, have charge of, put…under one’s charge How would it be for you to take charge of this class? She took charge of the family business when her father died.He has been in charge of the whole office for 10 years.Who is in the charge of this work? Who is having charge of this work? He is in full charge of security affairs.Mr.Wang was left in full charge of the company’s business while the boss was ill.The general manager put everything under my full charge.2)responsibility 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，傾向于“責(zé)任”

bear responsibility for, take(up)responsibility, take the responsibility for/of doing sth.lack responsibility, admit responsibility for, shoulder the responsibility for, assume responsibility, accept/undertake the responsibility for Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future-not wedded to the past.They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate.He is lacking responsibility in his work.We must bravely shoulder the responsibility for our own acts.All of us want to share the responsibility with you.3)responsible be responsible for sth., be responsible to sb., be responsible to sb.for sth.Hold oneself responsible to The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers’ safety.Who should be responsible for the accident? Our duty is to hold ourselves responsible to the people.We must be responsible to the people for their interests.Who is the person responsible? Your side will be responsible for all the consequences arising therefrom.All the members of the committee are responsible directly to the president.4)undertake/take up 承擔(dān)某個(gè)特定任務(wù)，擔(dān)負(fù)起做……事的責(zé)任，前者為書面，后者為口語

A friend undertook to tape the proceedings at the opening of the exhibition.He has taken up too much.5)answer for, be answerable for, 強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任

be in control, be in one’s hands, 側(cè)重對(duì)……的管理

see about, see to, call the shots, 安排或關(guān)照，后者可直譯為“發(fā)號(hào)施令”，引申為對(duì)……事全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)

rest on/upon one’s shoulders，句型。對(duì)……事?lián)?fù)起責(zé)任。這些詞組多見于非正式場(chǎng)合。

Who is in control here？（語氣較重）Who is in charge here？

Who is the person responsible here？

I cannot answer for other people’s mistakes.If anything goes wrong, you’ll have to answer for it.I’ll see about the fuel.You won’t be put to that trouble again;I’ll see to that.The matter is in your hands.The task rested squarely on our shoulders.I’m calling the shots here.u 決心做…… 1)to determine 程度較強(qiáng)。to be determined, to be bound,后一種多用于口語。都是下定決心，決心干某事的意思。

The PLA men were to bound to fulfill the task even at the risk of their lives.We are determined to get the work done before May Day.He has determined to learn English well.2)to make up one’s mind, 口語色彩

to make a point of doing sth.to make it a point to do sth.書面語。Everybody of us must make a point of being punctual.Xiao Wang made it a point to learn ten new words every day.Xiao Wang made it a point of learning ten new words every day.He’ s made up his mind to learn English well.3)to resolve, to make a resolve, to be resolved, to make good resolutions.語義較重，多用于書面語的表達(dá)。

We are resolved to fulfill the tasks set before us by the Party.The local residents resolved to have the flood checked.He makes good resolutions to do the word well, but he never keeps them.We resolve to become one with the masses.4)to pledge, to pledge oneself to 語義重，有莊嚴(yán)的語體色彩。

He pledged to complete his father’s unfinished task, whatever the cost might be.They pledged themselves to save their comrades.5)to set one’s mind on sth, /doing sth., to be set on/upon doing sth.口語中慣用的表達(dá)方式。

We set on/upon transforming the barren hills to well-cultivated land.He has set his mind on going to Oxford University.She set her mind on finding out who it was.6)vow, make a vow, be under a vow to do.誓言，發(fā)誓。有堅(jiān)定不移的語義 We vow to build up our factory and make it a strong modern enterprise by the year 2008.He is under a vow to drink no wine.7)我們學(xué)過的一些簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)法：shall, 簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用。語氣較弱。We shall be the champions!be ready to, 由“準(zhǔn)備”這個(gè)意義引申。After hearing the story, we are ready to help others.decide to do…強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃上將要做某事，“下決心”的意味沒有determine強(qiáng)烈。u 發(fā)生

happen, occur 1)happen,強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性的色彩，usually by accident.occur 暗示“某種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生往往與人們的思想活動(dòng)或一定的客觀規(guī)律有關(guān)?！?兩者都能與to連用。

happen為通用語體詞，occur則為書面語體詞，多用于正式場(chǎng)合。A leap year occurs every four year.It happened to me an hour ago.1)take place, come about與happen完全等值。前者口筆語通用，后者多用于口語。How did the accident come about? The accident took place on the highway.The media have flocked to the place where the event took place.4)witness, see 主語必須是年代或地點(diǎn)。

The year 1949 saw a great change in China.The city has seen quite a few earthquakes.Beijing witness many a great historic event.The year 1976 witness many earth-shaking events in China.5)succeed 繼……之后，表示一系列事物或現(xiàn)象的連續(xù)發(fā)生。One event succeeded another.During my illness, one trouble succeeded another.6)turn up 強(qiáng)調(diào)突然或意外，多用于口語。

manifest oneself, 多指事物、現(xiàn)象的顯露 be in the wind強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生。

No such disease manifested itself in these years.Something unexpected has turned up.She was told that something unusual was in the wind.There is something in the wind.7)There be結(jié)構(gòu)

There have been many such uprisings in the history of our country.寫作練習(xí)方法----溫故而知新

（二）(2008-10-10 14:36:34)

u 在于

漢語中，“在于”通常有兩種意思，我們來體會(huì)下面兩個(gè)句子：

1、指出事物的本質(zhì)所在：革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的目的在于消滅戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

2、指出關(guān)鍵所在：決定于，取決于。這件事成功與否在于他自己了。1)lie in, lie with, lie in the fact that 指出關(guān)鍵所在

The remedy lies in education.Where does the difficulty lie? It lies in the lack of full proof.The fundamental way our for agriculture lies in mechanization.Our difficulty lies in the fact that we don’t know English.It lies with his whether he will study or not.2)consist in: have…as the chief or only element Leadership consists in farsightedness and forgiveness.Happiness consists in contentment.Happiness consists in serving the people wholeheartedly.National strength consists not only in national armies.2)stem from 流行于美國英語中的說法。起源于，發(fā)生于，滋長(zhǎng)于。有追根溯源的隱含意味。His error stems from selfishness.Our failure stems from the lack of experience.5)be 主語多為point, idea, trouble, reason, worry, argument, suggestion,等。正是，就是的意思。一般主語比較抽象，需要系動(dòng)詞后面的表語加以說明。The point in dispute is the title to this newly-found manuscript.The problem is how to reduce costs.The trouble is that we don’t know English.In his book, the function of television is to edify, not to entertain.u 安排

1)arrange 有事先作好準(zhǔn)備的意思。

We have arranged two trips for the students.The leadership has arranged for Xiao Wang to attend the meeting.We have arranged visits and sightseeing trips for the foreign guests.Everything has been arranged.It is up to you to arrange for the conference.2)Make proper/ necessary/ excellent/ adequate/ last-minute/ make-shift/ all/ a few arrangements Please make proper arrangements in the light of the specific situation.We must make adequate arrangements for the daily life of the students.If arrangements could be made, I still hope you will come.Do you agree to this arrangement? What do you say to this arrangement? The school authorities have already made the arrangements.3)fix, manage前者有明顯的口語色彩。后者有克服困難想方設(shè)法做到的隱含意味。Don’t worry.I’ll fix everything for you.If you want to meet them, I can fix it.Properly managed, the money can last them three months.I doubt whether they can manage everything in time.3)see about, see to 美國慣用語。原意是關(guān)照。但在某些情境下，就對(duì)應(yīng)了中文的“安排”之意。I’ll see to it tomorrow.明天我把這件事安排一下。

We’ve been seeing about a job for you since last week.I have seen to it that the nurse did day duty only.There are all kinds of things that have to be seen about.4)lay on for, lay out 有明顯的口語色彩。前者尤用在服務(wù)性句子中。后者有精心考慮的意味。Concerts were laid on(=arranged)for the foreign guests.The work for tomorrow is all laid out.(=is all well arranged)5)schedule 強(qiáng)調(diào)安排工作的時(shí)間性、程序性。在美語中常用。What’s your schedule for tomorrow? We want to schedule a match for the next week.8)get up, work things, 前者是褒義短語，強(qiáng)調(diào)工作做得井井有條。后者是arrange matters.This book has been got up very nicely by the designers and printers.I think I can work things, so there will be no problem.I’d like to ask you to get up a special performance for the new students.6)reset, budget 前者有重新安排的含義。后者強(qiáng)調(diào)精心使用。Arrange again, arrange properly The things are changing all the time, so we must reset our business hours.The examination is at hand, and you must budget your time.7)set aside+time, choose+time We set aside one afternoon in a week for vocational study.My suggestion is that we must set aside more time for oral practice.To choose time is to save time.u 情況

1)situation 在某一時(shí)期里一個(gè)單位或一個(gè)地區(qū)事物的全貌。尤指復(fù)雜狀態(tài)或事態(tài)。It is very important to handle complex situations aptly.After hearing the report from below, the newly-appointed manager got a general picture of the situation in the company.I know very little about the situation there.How is the situation at the front? The situation admits of no delay.2)case 一個(gè)個(gè)具體的或暫時(shí)的情況。

Special cases, of course, need special consideration.Those are isolated cases.This rule does not reach the case.Those are two different cases.What is the practice in such cases? 3)matter, affair or things Matter,多指重要的事情或情況

Affair通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且不加任何冠詞，多指與日常公事有關(guān)的情況。Things用法特色同上，多指與日常生活中的一般事物有關(guān)的情況。前兩者有書面語色彩。

The minister personally explained the matter to the ambassadors.How do matters /things stand with them? Things got much better later on.Things are well again with us.What’s the state of affairs? He told us how affairs stood in the countryside.3)facts, conditions 當(dāng)“情況”在具體語境中有事實(shí)或條件的意味時(shí)，可酌情。

We must determine working policies in the light of actual conditions.Conditions are changing all the time.No uniformity should be imposed since conditions vary from place to place.In view of the above-mentioned facts, we wish to make the following proposals.4)circumstances 周圍的事態(tài)狀態(tài)。多用在作狀語的慣用搭配中。Under no circumstances In/under certain circumstances In the present/prevailing circumstances Under such circumstances Under similar circumstances In these circumstances only three courses are open to us.Under the circumstances we had to give up the plan.In such circumstances we can’t afford to wait any longer.5)略而不譯

關(guān)于那件事的情況，請(qǐng)你告訴我。

please inform me as touching the matter.今天早晨病人的情況加重了。

The patient is getting worse this morning.u 管理

管理生產(chǎn)（公司。旅店，商店）___________ production, company, hotel, business 管理華僑事務(wù) ___________ affairs concerning overseas Chinese 管理群眾生活 _____________ the everyday life of the masses 管理家務(wù) __________ the household 管理學(xué)校 ___________ a school 管理城市 _____________ a city 1)manager 側(cè)重對(duì)business的管理，即對(duì)生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)或各類經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體的管理

I don’t think he is able to manage such a big factory./farm,/store The hotel is badly managed.The major corporation is managed by a board of three directors.2)administer 側(cè)重指對(duì)于affair的管理，因而與非生產(chǎn)性單位的行政事務(wù)有關(guān)的管理，則多用administer.有些句子兼有上述兩種色彩，所以可以兼用。

A government that is badly administered can never be expected to last long.In our country it is people who administer the affairs of the state.In many Japanese homes the funds/the financial affairs are administered by the wife.3)run=be in the charge of 不管是對(duì)business還是affairs的管理，均可以用run表示。漢語“管理”和run有全方面對(duì)等的關(guān)系。有明顯的口語色彩。

Mr.Wang has been running this factory/company/theatre/school/publishing house for more than 20 years.People have the right to run their own affairs.An old woman runs the house for me.4)govern法制管理，rule意志管理。兩者都是權(quán)力性管理。而manager和administer是專業(yè)性管理和行政性管理。注意這句話：The country is ruled but not governed.In fact, the city is governed by nobody.The new president governs the beautiful country.The headmaster ruled the school with a firm hand.4)control/have control over 突出控制

look after,突出關(guān)照料理 regulate, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“調(diào)節(jié)” supervise,，突出督察

operate，作為“管理”的對(duì)等詞，是美國人常用的表達(dá)法。我認(rèn)為類似于中國人說的“運(yùn)作” The new teacher has a good control over the graduation class.The Education Department effectively controls all the schools in the city.The department is operated directly by the president.Looking after the everyday life of the masses is of great importance.其他高頻詞匯—— u 各種各樣

1)all kinds of, all sorts of, 2)all manner of多用于口語。

My grandfather has seen all manner of men.All manner of things were happening.All manner of questions, all manner of excuses for being late/absence Of every description/of all descriptions The department store has goods of all descriptions.There are people of all descriptions.Our library has magazines of every description.3)various, a variety of,側(cè)重于指一種東西的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不同的品種，或不同的表現(xiàn)形式，或同一件事在細(xì)節(jié)上的差別。表明多樣化的同時(shí)，又強(qiáng)調(diào)差別的意味。Various accounts of the incident were reported.Various interpretations were attempted to account for the experimental result but with no avail.Iron has a variety of use.4)diverse, a diversity,強(qiáng)調(diào)性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或形式上的全然不同。The European people speak diverse languages.A person of diverse interests can talk on many subjects.5)mixed，常喻指事物的多樣化或感情上的悲喜交織。

The play? It was a mixed experience.Some parts were a deadly bore, but others were interesting.A mixed feeling.u 大概

1)probably, presumably, maybe有……的可能性?？赡堋?)about, approximate, approximately, 3)or so, or thereabout, in the rough, more or less, before or after 4)a dozen or so The teacher is forty or thereabout The dictionary is worth ten yuan in the rough.I still have more or less twenty pages to cover.We’ll be through with our work before or after the end of this month.5)some, some around,后者為美國用法。It must be somewhere round 6.The delegation will arrive somewhere about 9 o’ clock.That was some twenty years ago.As to the attack plan, the commander gave us only a brief account.From the report we could draw only a general picture.The author of the article has made only a rough estimate about the situation.Everybody acknowledge that Newton was a great man;yet few people have more than the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.u 非常

1)very, very much greatly, terribly, deeply, awfully, highly, frightfully, simply, badly, vastly, extremely, immensely, … We need this dictionary badly.I am awfully sorry for it.2)注意：most在某些情況下也有非常的意思，不用定冠詞the的時(shí)候。

This is a most interesting film.就相當(dāng)于我們中國人說，這是一部頂頂有趣的電影。并不表示最高程度，而是非常的意思。Iron is most useful.The design of an aircraft is a most complicated matter.3)but too…to, only too… to We are but too glad to do so.We are only too pleased to work together with the workers.I am only too glad to go there.We shall be only too pleased to hear from you.4)more than We are more than willing to see him here again.Everybody was more than happy to hear of your success in the experiment.The soldiers were more than brave.5)用反身代詞itself表示終極概念。相當(dāng)于我們中國人說“極其”。The newly built bridge is magnificence itself.To the people, he is loyalty itself.Our English teacher is patience itself.He boasted that his wife was beauty itself.6)另一些比較奇特的表達(dá)：

He is burning with jealousy.The little boy is burning with desire for study.This book is ever so interesting.Students are ever so diligent.He is even such a clever boy.It is even such a useful tool.Everybody enjoyed himself ever so at the evening party.Box at the opera costs no end.He has no end of books.I am hungry to death.I’m enjoying my trip up to the handle.He was tired to the world.7)As they come, as the day is long怎么翻譯？ Tom was as clever as they come.At that moment he felt as happy as the day was long.Away off in a big city there was a young girl.She was as pretty as the day way long.He is as happy as the day is long.He is as honest as the day is long.一般詞典都找不到。但在20世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代英美文學(xué)作品當(dāng)中，這些慣用語早已被廣泛使用。程度比very, greatly重。

8)你可以使用一些詞語，讓表達(dá)更生動(dòng)： They were working as blazes.That boy was running as hell.The enemies are all as tricky as monkey.That old man was as mad as the devil.Xiao Zhang is a storehouse of information.The professor is really a walking dictionary.Never mind about him.The man is a back number.u 量詞的使用： 1)一口

a mouthful/drink/sip/gulp of water a sip of brandy/tea, a gulp of milk a mouthful/breath of fresh air a mouthful/morsel of food，后者是一小口的意思 taking a deep pull or two of smoke, he said, “…” a suck of wine/smoke/tea，不大的一口。a drain of beer/water/gin.a swallow of, 慢慢吞咽的一口，a draught of 一飲而盡的一口。2)一群

a crowd/group/host(許多大量)of people, a galaxy of，星系，天河，褒義，想想中文中的“燦若星河”。往往用來比喻出色或著名的人物的群。

A galaxy of talents, a galaxy of beauties A troop of, 正在進(jìn)行中人或動(dòng)物的群，a swarm of蜂擁而至

A multitude of animals/people/islands，不像crowd那樣擁擠，have enough space A throng of people/ film fans，為數(shù)眾多的擠在一處。

A band/gang of, 輕蔑色彩。+ gangsters, thieves, robbers, convicts A flock of sheep/geese/ducks/goats/hens…飛鳥家禽，羊群。A herd of cattle, buffaloes/elephants.大動(dòng)物的群，牛馬 A pack of wolves/hounds A swarm of ants/flies/bees A cluster of butterflies/bees/bright stars A school/shoal of fish 較為形象的一些量詞：替代a large area of… a vast stretch of turf/woods an expanse of green crops

a cloud of dust a scene of prosperity/desolation/bumper harvest a hive of activity, a veil of silence 3)其他

a batch of books/ letters/ documents/ goods/recruits a stock of goods a load of goods/furniture a crop of promising football players.A whole set of policies/selected works of Lu Xun/stamps A pack/tissue of lies A loaf of cheese A nice cut of meat/pork A chop of beef一塊帶骨頭的牛肉。

A bar of chocolate, a cake of soap/ clay A cube/lump(沒有固定形狀)of sugar A dollop of ice cream/ pudding/ cheese

a burst of laughter/merriment/tears/thunder/applause/crackers眼淚奪眶而出

an outburst of cheers/anger a flood of rain/light/tears/anger淚如泉涌 a spell of warm/cold/fine/bad weather/drought a fit of acute pain/rage/coughing/laziness/madness/despair疾病，感情

a gust of rain/smoke/fier/wind風(fēng)雨雹煙火等猛烈突發(fā) a stab of anxiety/envy/joy一陣突然而強(qiáng)烈的感情

4)在閱讀中尋找好詞

喜歡，對(duì)……有興趣have the appetite for adventure, a strong desire foràa keen appetite for 放棄desert, desert our ideals 堅(jiān)持不懈的努力great effortàunremitting endeavor 存在competition would never enter in.很重要Achievement counts for a great deal.極其，非常overwhelming strong 美妙fantasyàecstasy 理解apprehend 管理governàhold sway above 我們應(yīng)該it is well that… should 對(duì)……毫不在乎not give a fig for 不重要of small account 因?yàn)閒or the sake of 極度緊張a bundle of nerves 痛苦agonizing 你在想什么？What was going through your mind? 繼續(xù)proceed with 震驚startle 同情compassion 生命逝去die, pass awayàLife flickers out.有益身心beneficial to both mind and bodyàwhole 藏hideàtuck away 普遍的natural beauty is an all-pervading presence.合適的congenial to 勝利triumph 遠(yuǎn)離keep away fromàshrink away from 不時(shí)sometimesàat intervals 總是time and time again 一見如故Peter and I clicked straight away.找出find outàfigure out 舉個(gè)小小的例子to take a trivial instance 寫下set down 有名的eminent 形容房間很舒服the room is cozy and inviting?comfortable

文章功能來看，我們可把這10大類文章歸為三種類型：解決問題、論證觀點(diǎn)、闡述現(xiàn)象。其中第一類具有解決問題功能的短文包括了：

1、身體健康類；

2、職業(yè)道德類；

3、人口增長(zhǎng)類；

4、環(huán)境保護(hù)類。第二類具有論證觀點(diǎn)功能的短文包括了：

5、情感類；

8、人生價(jià)值類。第三類具有闡述現(xiàn)象功能的短文包括了：

6、文化交流類；

7、教育類；

9、家庭關(guān)系類；

10、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類。需要說明的是，以上分類并不是具有絕對(duì)意義的，譬如一些身體健康類的話題也可能適合以論證觀點(diǎn)的短文模板來套用。我們這里所說的是指大致的分類和適用范圍。除了以上三項(xiàng)功能，我們還將在本部分的最后列出兩個(gè)具有對(duì)比論證功能的模板。雖然自從1997 年以來的歷年短文題目中沒有出現(xiàn)要求進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證的話題，但是考生仍然應(yīng)該有所準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)閷?duì)比論證是英文寫作的一種重要寫作手法，需要引起一定的重視。

1、身體健康類 模板1：

The picture.What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained by shown in the picture.The discernable unhealthiness discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s.One the one hand,.On the other hand,.As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us.The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to.To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.（參見范文2）

模板2：

In the picture, we are amazed to find that.It clearly tells us that in the domain of , there are.has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of.Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue.Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of.In addition, all residents should be aware of.（參見范文8）

2、職業(yè)道德類 模板1：

We can see from the picture that , but.If , he would surely express.There are three reasons to explain why it happens to.Firstly, , which resulted from.Secondly, though ,.Consequently,.Thirdly,.I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate.Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely.（參見范文6）

模板2：

As is shown in the cartoon,.Take in the cartoon for example.This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life.Nowadays,.Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also.Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon.First and foremost,.In addition,.All these steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.（參見范文8）

3、人口增長(zhǎng)類 模板1：

The picture depicts a scene in which.The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner.Crowds of people are crammed in.Further examination reveals that.Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources.Take for example.Given the fact that , we find that.To make it worse,.If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth.Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is,.Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction.（參見范文3）

模板2：

Basically, what we see in this cartoon is.The interestingly echos the.while we can imagine.We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population.The striking point is that.As a result,.On the contrary,.The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race..Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.（參見范文2）

4、環(huán)境保護(hù)類 模板1：

This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in thanks to.Hence,.Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that , and for that matter,.A recent report also supported this view by.On the contrary, we are sad to perceive that.Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm.A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control.（參見范文2）

模板2：

Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that.Just as what is shown in the picture,.This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China.If everybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to.Moreover, it was reported that.Meanwhile,.Also,.Though , it is never the only way.What’s important, to solve these problems depends largely on our responsibility for society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.（參見范文7）

5、情感類 模板1：

As is shown in the picture above,.Obviously from we can surmise that.It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of.As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,.Additionally, we can also hear many stories about.Not to mention those moving cases of.All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a.By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money.（參見范文7）

模板2：

, just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to.It is rather good news to.The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,.Moreover, there are.In addition, we should not forget.is a good way to express human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that.I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of.6、文化交流類 模板1：

It is a very eye-catching photo in which.What makes this picture extraordinary is , which clearly indicates.The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of , that is, , and therefore,.China, in particular,.The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by.While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.is not only featured by , but more importantly, by.I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.（參見范文1）模板2：

What is presented here is a very interesting scenario..From the subtitle we can infer that.Conspicuously,.We can deduce from the picture that.It partly owes to , and partly to.Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating.For example,.From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness.To sum up,.As for China,.Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.（參見范文3）

7、教育類 模板1：

As the title indicates, “ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that.It is discernable that.The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,.That is to say,.Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,.Secondly,.Last but not the least,.In my point of view, , but it is only part of the picture.On the other hand,.Therefore, it is an urgent task to.As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.模板2：

The picture shows.symbolizes.As is quoted in the picture,.It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with.One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to.Sometimes.On the other hand,.For example, , while.In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect.proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.（參見范文4）

8、人生價(jià)值類 模板1：

As the old Chinese saying goes,.It echoes with this picture in which.The title of the picture further points out that.The picture is meant to.As far as I am concerned, I think.This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where.A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of., for example,.The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from.（參見范文5）

模板2：

From the picture we can perceive that.What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that.It is known to all that , but it seems.The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that.Ultimately, the trend boils down to.Accordingly,.To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking.In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that.Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind.（參見范文6）

9、家庭關(guān)系類 模板1：

The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene.The artist purposefully exaggerates.This picture reveals the in-depth problem of.In fact,.There are two reasons for this.The first and perhaps most important is that.The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view..It owes to.In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our.What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,.Therefore, I strongly contend that.模板2：

There is a popular Chinese song, named “ ”, which encourages.However,the in the picture does but for a very different reason—.From the facial expression of we can read.Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible.For one thing,.For another,.As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of.The above analysis is best exemplified by.In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.（參見范文6）

10、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類 模板1：

The two pictures illustrate vividly.In the left picture , while in the right.From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of.Aside from , another telling example is , which was so successful in that.The pictures also make it obvious that we should.Admittedly, it is natural that.Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to.In my opinion, what’s the more important is to.In short,.（參見范文1）

模板2： It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem:.In this drawing,.Even.It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of.Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in.If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents.Accordingly, we urgently call for.Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still failz to.In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits.I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.（參見范文5）

比較類 模板1：

According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that.In the left picture,.A the same time, as the right one shows.Different people have different views on.Some people support by claiming that.In their opinion,.In addition,.Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who.Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for , sometimes for , sometimes simply for.In my point of view, both sides are partly right.To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision.Therefore, my conclusion would be that.模板2：

From the drawing, we can learn that.It can be seen easily that..We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person.Some people take it for granted that.For example, they firmly believe that.But they often neglect that fact that.Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view.They think that.Beside,.Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows.Firstly,.Moreover,.Lastly,.Therefore,

第四篇：英語寫作常用替換詞

寫作常用替換詞

★ 形容詞：

1.貧窮的：poor = needy = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = well-to-do = well-off 3.優(yōu)秀的：excellent = top = outstanding 4.積極的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消極的，不良的：bad = baneful =undesirable 6.明顯的：obvious = apparent = evident 7.健康的: healthy = sound = wholesome 8.驚人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary 9.美麗的：beautiful = attractive = eye-catching 10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous ★ 動(dòng)詞：

1.提高，加強(qiáng)：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen

2.引起：cause = endanger 3.解決：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4.拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down 5.培養(yǎng): develop = cultivate = foster 6.激發(fā)，鼓勵(lì)：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur

7.認(rèn)為： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10.有害于：destroy = impair = undermine

11.減輕: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★ 名詞：

1.影響：influence= impact 2.危險(xiǎn)：danger =hazard 3.污染：pollution = contamination [k?n?t?m?'ne???n] 4.人類：human beings= mankind = human race 5.老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7.老師：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：advantage = merits = superiority [su:p??ri’?r?ti] = virtue 11.責(zé)任： responsibility = obligation = duty

12.能力： ability = capacity[k?'p?s?t?] = power = skill 13.職業(yè)：job = career = employment = profession 14.娛樂：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = kid

★ 短語：

1.充滿了：be filled with = be full of 2.努力：struggle for = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.從事： take up = set about = go in for 4.在當(dāng)代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a vast number of = a vast amount of

詞的替換

1.individuals,characters,folks替換(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, excellent, outstanding, superior替換good

3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, ill(有害的)替換

bad, 如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換

4: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some

5: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that，it is widely shared that，it is universally acknowledged that替think(因?yàn)槭菚嬲Z，所以要加that)

6:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 7: shared 代 common

8.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits)

9: for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion

10..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful，11.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,換 customer 12.sth appeals to sb，fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

13.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.14.desire 替換want.15.bear in mind that 替換remember

16.enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)

17.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth 18.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 恰當(dāng)用詞

1.accelerate: 后面接名詞，表示“加速”，中性詞，好事壞事都能用。

2.adequate: “足夠的”，用來替代經(jīng)常被使用的enough。

3.advance: 名詞，“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”，用來替代文章開頭經(jīng)常使用的development，progress。

4.advisable / sensible: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。

5.cannot afford to: “不應(yīng)當(dāng)做”，不純粹是我們說的“負(fù)擔(dān)不起”。

6.be alert to something: “對(duì)…保持警惕”，后面接消極概念。

7.alternative: “其他的選擇或辦法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相當(dāng)于in addition（除此 之外）了。

8.approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的一些簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，如method 等等。9.approve of something: “批準(zhǔn)，同意”，注意不要

忘記介詞of。

10.attach importance to something: 表示“重視，強(qiáng)調(diào)”，替代pay attention to。

11.ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜絕”，表達(dá)這個(gè)含義時(shí)盡量不要使用stop。

12.barrier / obstacle: “障礙、阻礙”，名詞，在寫作考試中經(jīng)常被用到。

13.capital / fund: 解決社會(huì)問題時(shí)一般都會(huì)提到需要投資，可以用到這兩個(gè)單詞，替代money。

Finance 金融 financial 14.challenging: “困難，有難度”，用來替代difficult。

15.in such circumstances: “在這類情況下”，寫作時(shí)用于總結(jié)某個(gè)內(nèi)容。

16.considerable: “相當(dāng)大，相當(dāng)多的”，非常常用的修飾語，比如considerable changes就是相當(dāng)大的變化。17.in contrast: “相反”，用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。

18.copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鑒別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。

19.critical: “至關(guān)重要的”，用于替代已經(jīng)被用濫的important。

20.currently: “目前”，用來替代now，nowadays。21.damage: 作為名詞，含義是“損失、損失金額”，動(dòng)詞“損壞”的搭配能力非常強(qiáng)，和表示物品或抽象概念的詞都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用來替代destroy。

22.decline: “衰退”，表示數(shù)字下降得比較緩慢，在圖表作文中根據(jù)圖表曲線的實(shí)際情況使用，替代我們使用的普通單詞decrease。

23.demonstrate / illustrate: “說明，表明”，用在圖表作文中替代show，reveal等單詞。

24.drop: “下降”，用來替代decrease。這個(gè)詞表示下降比較快，如果再用修飾語，應(yīng)當(dāng)是sharply，dramatically，drastically。這三個(gè)單詞一般都用在消極的單詞上。積極的用greatly。

25.emerge as: “逐漸崛起并成為”，這個(gè)詞組雖然很短，但是含義非常復(fù)雜，可以用在文章的開頭，表達(dá)某種事物或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象從無到有，并迅速傳播。比如 Internet has emerged as a channel for people to exchange information。

26.employ: “采納，采用”，與表示“觀點(diǎn)，方法，政策，法令”等英語單詞搭配使用，用來替代adopt。

27.enforce: “執(zhí)行”法律法規(guī)，通常用于作文結(jié)束部分，對(duì)某個(gè)社會(huì)問題提出解決辦法時(shí)使用。28.essential: “至關(guān)重要，核心的”，形容詞，用來替代important。

29.It is generally established that: “眾所周知，公認(rèn)”。

30.exchange: 這個(gè)詞才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是communication。

expand: “擴(kuò)大”，后面接影響，范圍一類的詞匯。

32.facet / factor: “方面，因素”，寫作時(shí)盡量避免使用element，這個(gè)詞中國人用得不是很好，aspect因?yàn)橛玫娜溯^多，也可以避免。

33.fail to do: “沒有能夠”，可以適當(dāng)替換帶有cannot的句子。

34.frequently: “經(jīng)?！?，替代often，表示發(fā)生頻率很高。

35.fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的new。36.fulfill: “完成，取得”，記住以下詞組，fulfill the task, fulfill the dream, fulfill the role。

37.give priority to something: “重視，優(yōu)先考慮”。

38.give rise to something: “引發(fā)，導(dǎo)致…的出現(xiàn)”，積極消極概念都可以使用。39.given that: “由于…原因”，可以用在句子的開始位置，后面接完整的句子，相當(dāng)于 because。40.greatly / remarkably: “非常，相當(dāng)”，作為褒義詞，可以用在表示上升、前進(jìn)、發(fā)展等積極含義的單詞前面加強(qiáng)程度。41.household: “家庭”，這個(gè)詞偏重的家庭生活中的設(shè)備，物質(zhì)概念，因此，比如計(jì)算機(jī)，汽車等設(shè)備進(jìn)入家庭，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用enter the household，而不是我們用的home或family。生活垃圾也可以表達(dá)為household wastes。

42.be ignorant about something: “對(duì)…沒有引起足夠重視”，表示沒有意識(shí)到。

43.increasingly: “越來越”，副詞，可以用在動(dòng)詞和形容詞前面，加深程度。

44.individualistic / selfish / self-centered: 都是“自私的”含義，可以交替使用。

45.inspire / stimulate: “鼓勵(lì)”，替代encourage。46.for instance: “例如”，雖然這個(gè)詞組我們經(jīng)常見到，但很少有人在寫作文時(shí)用它來替代for example。

47.instruct: “教育”，名詞形式為instruction，同educate，education交替使用。

48.intend to do: “計(jì)劃，打算”，可以替代be going to等詞組，表達(dá)做事的意愿。49.make investment into: “投資，投入”，投資是解決社會(huì)問題的一個(gè)核心方式，因此這個(gè)詞組在英語寫作中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到。

50.issue: “問題”，中性詞，我們平常使用的problem是貶義詞，因此比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題等詞組都應(yīng)當(dāng)用issue來表達(dá)。

#unch a campaign to do something: “大力開展…活動(dòng)”。

52.maintain: “一貫認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，一般寫成somebody maintains that，后面使用完整的句子，用來替代think, believe。

53.major: “主要的”，用來替代main。

54.misleading: “誤導(dǎo)的，錯(cuò)誤的”，替代wrong。55.observe: “遵守”，后面接名詞，如法律法規(guī)等。

56.be out of / be short of: “耗盡”/“短缺”，用來替代lack，同時(shí)提醒大家lack這個(gè)詞的動(dòng)詞形式在英語中使用的很少。

57.outlook: “前景，未來”，用來替代future。當(dāng)然，如果用future，就可以加個(gè)修飾語，比如

foreseeable future等等。

58.possess: “擁有”，用于替代have，既可以表示擁有具體事物，也可以說擁有抽象品質(zhì)，特征。59.poverty-stricken: “貧困的，低收入的”，替代poor。

60.practice: “（廣泛，大范圍）的從事”，常與laws and regulations, policy或其他類似范疇的單詞連用，用來替代carry out。

61.profit: “好處”，這個(gè)詞本來是指經(jīng)濟(jì)上的利潤，但現(xiàn)在可以用來替代benefit，表示廣義的好處。

62.progress: “發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”，可以同advance交替使用，以避免重復(fù)，并可以替代development。63.a range of / a series of / a string of: “一系列”，特別是后兩個(gè)單詞通常都可以用在消極概念前邊，可以用作修飾語，增加文章長(zhǎng)度。

64.relieve: “減輕，緩解”，用于消極概念前，詞組為relieve somebody of something“消除某人的…。

65.remain: “一直處于某狀態(tài)”，后面一般使用形容詞。

66.resolve difference: “消除分歧，差異”，常用寫作詞組。

67.rewarding: “有收效，有回報(bào)的”，用在方法手段或政策法規(guī)的內(nèi)容上。

68.shrink: 過去式和過去分詞為shrank，shrunk，“縮小，減少”，用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的decrease。

69.slight / slightly: “稍微，有點(diǎn)”，這個(gè)詞可以在我們寫作文時(shí)做修飾語，比如slight difference或drop slightly，起到增加字長(zhǎng)和提高單詞水平的作用。

70.strategy: “策略”，其實(shí)也就是“方法手段”的含義，自然就可以替代method，way等單詞。71.strengthen: “加強(qiáng)，鞏固，改善”，同improve交替使用，以避免重復(fù)。

72.sufficient: “足夠的”，用在資金，資源等單詞前做修飾語，替代enough。

73.system: 這個(gè)詞的搭配能力非常強(qiáng)，比如educational system, legal system, economic system等等，只要形容詞后面加上這個(gè)詞，其實(shí)就成了形容詞本身可以變化的名詞，上面三個(gè)例子就可以理解為教育，法律或者經(jīng)濟(jì)。74.threaten: “威脅到，危及”，后面接諸如環(huán)境，發(fā)展，進(jìn)步等單詞。

75.traditionally: “過去”，用于替代in the past。

76.when it comes to something: “當(dāng)我們談到…時(shí)”，用于文章開頭。

第五篇：雅思寫作替換詞

1.建筑

建筑?architecture建筑, ?architectural style建筑風(fēng)格, ?traditional傳統(tǒng)的?modern現(xiàn)代的, ?postmodern后現(xiàn)代的?have aesthetic value有美學(xué)價(jià)值, ?energy-efficient 節(jié)能的?function功能?functional 功能型的，實(shí)用的?historic site 歷史遺跡?cultural relics 文化遺跡?national identity 民族特征?skyscraper 摩天大樓?courtyard dwellings 四合院?well-structured 結(jié)構(gòu)完好的?representation n.代表?crystallization結(jié)晶/civilization 文明?exterior appearance 外表?interior 內(nèi)部的?eye sore 丑的東西?demolish, pull down 拆除?preserve保留, ?devastation破壞，2.環(huán)保:

environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)?environmentally-friendly 環(huán)保的?preserve v.保護(hù)，保存 conserve ?污染：?Pollute= contaminate, pollutant ?Pollution=contamination?垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter?處理: dispose of, burn, bury(landfill), dump，recycle ?plastic bags, drinking cans?biodegradable packaging可降解包裝, ?throwaway 可丟棄的?disposable 可丟棄的 ~ product ?discourage v.不鼓勵(lì)?燃料?non-renewable 不可再生的?fossil fuels礦石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum?limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然資源?alternative energy替代能源?replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水電, ?solar(lunar)power太陽能, ?nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐?radioactivity n.輻射性?use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗盡?conserve v.節(jié)省，節(jié)約, ?consume less v.少消耗

危害動(dòng)物: ?poaching非法打獵，盜獵, ?damage natural habitat破壞自然棲息地, ?rare breed稀有物種, ?endangered species瀕危物種, ?extinct adj.滅絕(die out, disappear), ?animal rights activist動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者 , ?natural reserve(giant panda大熊貓)自然保護(hù)區(qū), ?protect wildlife保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物, ?disastrous災(zāi)難性的, devastation破壞, ?have disastrous effect on…對(duì)。。有災(zāi)難性的影響?危害植物: ?vegetation植被?deforestation森林消失, ?landslide山體滑坡, ?危害環(huán)境: ?carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emission destroy ozone layer ?acid rain酸雨(erode腐蝕)greenhouse effect溫室效應(yīng)(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration惡化)global warming全球變暖?ecological system=ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?green belt綠化帶, sand storm沙塵暴,(filter v.過濾)arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)

動(dòng)物：?vivisection 活體解剖?perform/conduct experiments on animals 在動(dòng)物身上做試驗(yàn) 1 ?animal rights 動(dòng)物權(quán)益?cruel and barbaric 殘忍和野蠻的?inhumane 不仁道的?alternative methods替代方式，其他方式?torture 折磨?right to live 生命權(quán)?life-threatening diseases威脅生命的疾病?medical technique醫(yī)療技術(shù)?clinical research 臨床研究?vaccine 疫苗?anatomy解剖

3.教育?學(xué)校:

nursery托兒所?kindergarten幼兒園?primary school/elementary school小學(xué), ?secondary school中學(xué)教育?higher education高等教育 tertiary level

further education進(jìn)修?教育: parenting, schooling,?enroll 入學(xué)admit 招收，錄取?Parents are obliged to do…父母有責(zé)任、義務(wù)去做。。compulsory education 強(qiáng)制教育、義務(wù)教育selective，compulsory military service，minors 未成年人adolescence，teenager/teen，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的

學(xué)習(xí)的好處?learn skills學(xué)習(xí)技能?acquire knowledge學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)，enrich knowledge豐富知識(shí), ?widen horizon開闊視野, ?inspire interest激發(fā)興趣, ?stimulate interest激發(fā)興趣, ?cultivate v.培養(yǎng) hobbies?develop potentials?conduce to mental development?lay a solid foundation for the future為將來打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)

學(xué)習(xí)上的問題: ?lack discipline缺少約束力/persistence毅力, ?test-oriented education應(yīng)試型教育，teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented

quality education 素質(zhì)教育?cram for examinations突擊考試, ?stuff 塞

materials?memorise背, memorisation, ?rote learning死記硬背?Test-taking techniques應(yīng)試技巧

壞處：?discourage critical thinking 打擊評(píng)判性思維?students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught?學(xué)生們不去質(zhì)問他們學(xué)習(xí)的東西?conduce to academic performance有助學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)?Adversely influence 負(fù)面地影響（動(dòng)作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on對(duì)。。產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響?Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.Creativity 創(chuàng)造性?Come at the expense/cost of creativity以犧牲創(chuàng)造力為代價(jià)?Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平

工作:?Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, ?收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue

職業(yè)好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人著迷的?Steady穩(wěn)定的?provide many opportunities for…提供各種。。的機(jī)會(huì), ?give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment給我一種滿足感、成就感, ?apply what I have learnt to my job把我學(xué)的用在工作中, ?put my talent into full play充分發(fā)揮我的天分, ?improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人際交往和交流能力, improve my independence獨(dú)立能力,?well-fare福利?benefit future development將來的發(fā)展, ?不好: ?demanding難做的, ?stressful有壓力的, ?tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力盡的,?boring無聊的, ?routine work常規(guī)工作, ?repetitive重復(fù)性的, ?work overtime/extra hours加班?workaholic工作狂, ?repetitive strain injuries職業(yè)病, ?adverse conditions惡劣的工作條件, ?Personnel, human resources 人力資源

4.新聞,媒體?媒體: medium-media:

read newspapers?watch TV programs?surf the Internet?see movies?up-to-date information最新的信息, ?access v.n.接觸?The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.記者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔隊(duì)（復(fù)數(shù)）tabloid ?讀者群Readership?觀眾audience?報(bào)道：news coverage/TV coverage

好處: ?provide us with rich information給我們提供豐富的信息, ?entertain us是我們得到娛樂, ?enable people to relax使人們得到放松, ?disseminate/spread knowledge傳播知識(shí), ?keep people well-informed使人信息靈通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends

壞處: ?information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸?Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未經(jīng)審查信息腐蝕小孩的心靈。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, ?obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的?objectionable content不良信息?cyber crime網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪(financial crime)

net cafe ?Internet-addicted 上網(wǎng)成癮的?isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的?unsociable不善社交的 新聞審查制度: censorship?filter objectionable content過濾不良內(nèi)容, ?provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一個(gè)安全美好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間?invade one’s privacy侵犯隱私, ?deprive people of the freedom of speech剝奪人們言論自由, ?freedom of the press新聞自由?People are deprived of the freedom of speech.人們被剝奪了言論自由。

5.交通?Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail?mobility移動(dòng)性?pedestrian行人?traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通狀況惡化?traffic regulations/codes交通規(guī)則(obey遵守, violate違背), ?traffic congestions, traffic jams, ?heavy traffic擁擠的交通?light traffic比較暢通的交通, ?crowded street擁擠的道路?Cars dominate our roads.車輛占滿了我們的道路。vehicle車輛

Drink-driving酒后駕車 careless driving talking on a phone

觀點(diǎn): ?adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略?traffic-calming measures減輕交通擁堵的措施?Relieve the pressure on traffic, 減輕交通方面的壓力?encourage people to use public transport, 鼓勵(lì)大家使用公交?carpool拼車?build more cycle lanes 自行車道, ?encourage Park and Ride 停車換乘?raise the price of fuels 提高油價(jià)?impose higher tax 征收高額的稅?Subsidise public transport 補(bǔ)貼公共交通?City council市政府?飛機(jī)：?No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.6.食品 健康?healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式?sedentary lifestyle久坐的, ?an active lifestyle積極鍛煉的, ?excessive intake of…吃過多的。fast food快餐?convenience food方便食品?diabetes, diarrhea腹瀉, respiratory disease,?nutrition營養(yǎng)?balanced diet均衡的飲食?protein蛋白質(zhì),?vitamin維生素, ?fibre纖維?mineral礦物質(zhì), high in...canned food

incurable disease絕癥?depression抑郁癥?obesity肥胖癥-obese

overweight?stress-related diseases和壓力有關(guān)的疾病?therapy（非藥物）治療?treatment 治療?運(yùn)動(dòng)好處?Relieve=ease=alleviate 減輕stress?aerobic exercises有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)?vigorous有活力的?energetic經(jīng)歷充沛的?refreshing提神的?refresh your mind and body 提神?train 4 your muscle肌肉?improve blood circulation血液循環(huán)?increase flexibility提高靈活性?drain 排出?cultivate stamina and persistence培養(yǎng)耐力和毅力?develop teamwork spirit 培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神?conduce to physical fitness身體健康?jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide，genetic modification，genetically-modified food

7.犯罪,社會(huì)問題

criminal(offender)罪犯?commit crime犯罪, commit suicide ?robbery搶劫, murder謀殺, prostitution賣淫, gambling賭博, drug-dealing販毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug

social security社會(huì)治安stability穩(wěn)定?capital punishment, death penalty死刑, ?sentence(v.)to death 判死刑?deter crimes威懾?right to life生存權(quán)，breadwinner經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱?rear a child養(yǎng)孩子?offense罪, offender罪犯, ?compulsory retirement 強(qiáng)制退休?nursery 托兒所?nursing house老人院?longer imprisonment 長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)禁

家庭問題/青少年問題?single-parent family單親家庭, ?extended family大家庭, ?minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, ?sibling兄弟姊妹?Peer pressure 同輩人的壓力?foster, raise, bring up, rear a child撫養(yǎng)孩子, ?spoil溺愛, indulge放縱?run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途?juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, ?obesity肥胖癥, depression抑郁癥, ?bullying恃強(qiáng)凌弱?absenteeism缺席(truancy, play truant)父母應(yīng)該：?give proper parental guidance父母的引導(dǎo)?set example for children為孩子樹立榜樣?encourage 鼓勵(lì)?help build up confidence 幫助建立信心?motivate 鼓舞?discipline their children約束孩子?well-bred有教養(yǎng)的?learn how to behave themselves學(xué)會(huì)行為得體?act properly 行為得體

8.科技

technology-dependent依賴科技的, ?breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技創(chuàng)新, ?innovative 創(chuàng)新的renovate v.up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活節(jié)奏?reshape our life重新塑造我們的生活?improve life quality提高生活質(zhì)量?convenience方便?efficiency效率?telecommunication電訊?assembly line流水線?give people more leisure time給人們更多休閑時(shí)間, ?The development of technology has made it possible for people to do ?科技的發(fā)展使人們做。。成為可能?increase life expectancy 增加平均壽命?find cures for some diseases?transplant organ 移植器官?two-edge sword/weapon 雙刃劍?mass destruction weapons大規(guī)模殺傷性武器?chemical weapons化學(xué)武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables，microwave

9.全球化

cultural diversity文化多元化?cultural treasures文化寶藏?cross-cultural communication跨文化交流?cultural reconstruction文化重建?heritage遺產(chǎn)?achievements of art藝術(shù)成就?human civilization人類文明?mainstream culture主流文化?cultural traditions文化傳統(tǒng)?national pride民族自豪?local customs and practices風(fēng)土人情?national identity and value民族特性和價(jià)值觀?venue場(chǎng)所?spread knowledge傳播知識(shí)?nurture imagination培養(yǎng)想象力、be closely interrelated with…與…有密切關(guān)系?cause irreversible damage造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損失?remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏見和誤解

語言：?lesser-used languages 使用很少的語言?language acquisition 語言習(xí)得?linguistics 語言學(xué)?linguist 語言學(xué)家?on the verge of extinction 處在滅絕的邊緣?universal language 世界語?intellectual development 智力發(fā)展?grammatical rules語法規(guī)則?context 上下文?technical terms 專業(yè)術(shù)語?read between lines讀懂暗含的意思 解決游客過多的措施

There are various solutions to these problems.The first one is to limit tourist

numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage.Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.