第一篇：全球化的利與弊 Economic globalization(英漢)

全球化的利與弊

Economic globalization

全世界都在談?wù)撊蚧?，有的人認(rèn)為它是本世紀(jì)的發(fā)明，有的人看到它的負(fù)面影響。

經(jīng)濟(jì)上的利與弊：

隨著電子貨幣的到來(lái)，投資變得很方便，只要點(diǎn)擊一下，大量貨幣就會(huì)從一個(gè)國(guó)家流通到另一個(gè)國(guó)家。這就開(kāi)辟了個(gè)人投資的新渠道。

提高了勞工的流動(dòng)性，因此開(kāi)辟了前所未有的就業(yè)和培訓(xùn)前景。

激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使價(jià)格下降和服務(wù)的改進(jìn)，例如送貨上門和售后服務(wù)。

全球化導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)，從而使那些不在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)中的國(guó)家受到更多的剝削。

僅僅３００家公司就占全球產(chǎn)值的三分之一，占國(guó)際貿(mào)易的一半。而食品生產(chǎn)則由１２家公司控制。

貧困的勞工群體越來(lái)越被排斥在外。不穩(wěn)定性在增加，１９９７年在歐洲拋售黃金儲(chǔ)備的傳聞就使南非５萬(wàn)礦工失業(yè)。這就是多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。

All over the world about globalization, some people think that it is the invention, some people see its negative effects.Economic advantages and disadvantages: With the arrival of electronic money, it's very convenient for investment, click, a lot of money from one country to flow into another country.It opened up new avenues of personal investment.To improve the labor mobility, and thus opened an employment and training.Competitive price and service to the improvement, such as door-to-door and after-sales service.Globalization leads to a single market, so that the market in the country is more exploitation.Only 300 companies is one-third of global output, accounting for half of the international trade.While food production is controlled by 12 companies.Poverty and labor group is excluded.Instability in 1997 in Europe, selling gold reserves rumours that South Africa is 5 million miners unemployment.This is the domino effect.統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)的危險(xiǎn)性在增長(zhǎng)，忽視了市場(chǎng)上產(chǎn)品的多樣性。

Supply risk in growth, has neglected the diversity of products on the market.社會(huì)上的利與弊：

在政治上，歐盟和聯(lián)合國(guó)等組織的權(quán)力在擴(kuò)大，這可以在全球決策的舞臺(tái)上抵消多國(guó)公司的作用。媒體的跨國(guó)力量有助于控制不公正現(xiàn)象，有助于各國(guó)的言論自由。

南北差距在擴(kuò)大。貧困世界在全球收入中只占１·４％，１０年前占２·３％。

最嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)后果是犯罪全球化，對(duì)貧困國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力的剝削有增無(wú)減。非法移民在增加。

文化上的利與弊：

文化的傳播更快了，政治和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的障礙減少了，誰(shuí)也不能阻止一種文化產(chǎn)品在其國(guó)內(nèi)的傳播?！澳嬷趁窕痹诩訌?qiáng)：例如美國(guó)邁阿密和洛杉磯的拉丁化。

亞洲和非洲繁榮城市人口的增長(zhǎng)成為文化傳播的新的推動(dòng)力。

最近一份聯(lián)合國(guó)人文發(fā)展報(bào)告顯示，全球文化只朝著一個(gè)方向傳播：從富國(guó)向窮國(guó)，而不是從窮國(guó)向富國(guó)。

在文化生產(chǎn)上，商業(yè)利潤(rùn)至上，質(zhì)量和多樣性被忽視。

Politically, the European Union and the United Nations organization such as power in the world, which can be expanded in the decision on the stage of the multinational corporation offset.Multinational force helps to control the media injustices, helps countries freedom of speech.The north-south gap is widening.Poverty in the world in the global income accounts for only 1 percent 10 years ago, of 2, 3.The most serious social consequences of poor countries, the crime of globalization of labor exploitation unabated.Illegal immigrants.Cultural advantages and disadvantages: The spread of culture, politics and faster obstacles of intellectual property rights, nobody can stop a kind of cultural products in its domestic communication.“Inverse colonization” in Miami and strengthen: such as Los Angeles latinized.Asian and African prosperity of urban population growth as the new impetus culture communication.A recent UN humanities culture development worldwide, the report showed only in one direction spread from rich countries to poor countries, rather than from poor to rich countries.In the cultural production, commercial profits paramountcy, quality and diversity are ignored.教育上的利與弊：

新的全球技術(shù)使人們能以低廉的價(jià)格，在遙遠(yuǎn)的地方獲得信息。殘疾人擁有學(xué)習(xí)的新手段。先進(jìn)技術(shù)在國(guó)際化。

世界上有２００個(gè)國(guó)家，但在國(guó)際新聞界，經(jīng)常提及的只有１５至２０個(gè)國(guó)家。

司法上的利與弊：

將制訂國(guó)際行動(dòng)法典或建立國(guó)際法庭，以解決全球化中的糾紛。

出現(xiàn)了一種新的可能性：干預(yù)一些國(guó)家的內(nèi)政。軍事、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)行動(dòng)（封鎖、禁運(yùn)等）成為實(shí)現(xiàn)和平的手段。

A new global technology can make people with low prices, in the distant place obtain information.The new method has learning disabled.In the international advanced technology.The world has 200 countries, but in the international press, often mention only 15 to 20 countries.The advantages and disadvantages of the judicial: International action to establish the international court, code or to solve the disputes in the globalization.A new possibilities: the interention some country's internal affairs.The military, political and economic blockade, embargo act(etc)become peaceful means.原文提要：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的鼓吹者抱有烏托邦式的想法，他們認(rèn)為如果

向商務(wù)和資本開(kāi)放其大門，發(fā)展中國(guó)家就將受益。這種淺薄的承諾不僅轉(zhuǎn)移了 貧窮國(guó)家的視線，而且還分散了它們的資源，使它們無(wú)法再注重本國(guó)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì) 增長(zhǎng)所需要的那些至關(guān)重要的創(chuàng)新做法。

The global economic integration: the utopian ideas about advocates, they think that if To open their doors and capital, developing countries will benefit.This commitment is not only a transfer Poor countries, but also their resources, and scatter them unable to notice its economic Growth needed those important innovation practice.【本刊訊】美國(guó)《外交政策》雙月刊３—４月一期刊登哈佛大學(xué)肯尼迪政治學(xué)院國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授丹尼·羅德里克的一篇文章，題為《夢(mèng)幻中的貿(mào)易》，摘要如下：

American foreign policy “bimonthly 3-4 months issue of Harvard University, published in international politics and economics, Kennedy political college professor, Danny LuoDeLiKe an article entitled dream, the trade, the following: 與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)融為一體絕非像拆除貿(mào)易和投資壁壘那樣簡(jiǎn)單。各國(guó)現(xiàn)在還必須遵循一整套入場(chǎng)要求，從新制訂的專利規(guī)定到較為嚴(yán)格的銀行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的積極鼓吹者開(kāi)列出一張實(shí)行全面體制改革的處方（根據(jù)這張?zhí)幏?，即使今天的先進(jìn)國(guó)家也需要幾代人才能完成）。屆時(shí)發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以最大程度地享受其帶來(lái)的好處，而且還可以將參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低到最低程度。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化出于種種現(xiàn)實(shí)目的已經(jīng)成為發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的替代物了。

With the world economy is merged as dismantled barriers to trade and investment.Countries still must follow a new set of requirements, the provisions of the patent to strict standards of Banks.The economic globalization actively advocates open list all-round reform prescription(according to this prescription, even today's advanced countries also need a few generations can finish).When developing countries can enjoy the maximum benefits, but also can participate in the world economy to minimize the risk reduction.The global economy integration of various practical purpose has become the development strategy of the alternatives.世界市場(chǎng)是技術(shù)和資本的來(lái)源。發(fā)展中國(guó)家如果不去利用這些機(jī)會(huì)，那將是愚蠢的。不過(guò)，全球化并非是發(fā)展的捷徑。成功的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略一般都需要將引進(jìn)的方法與本國(guó)制度上的創(chuàng)新做法巧妙地結(jié)合在一起。決策者需要依靠本國(guó)的投資者和本國(guó)的制度來(lái)制訂發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化設(shè)想中代價(jià)最高的不利之處在于它竭力排斥他人為實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化而提出的一些認(rèn)真的想法以及作出的努力。

真誠(chéng)地接受經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化正統(tǒng)觀念的國(guó)家逐步發(fā)現(xiàn)，本國(guó)的開(kāi)放并未給它們帶來(lái)好處。盡管自８０年代以來(lái)降低了它們國(guó)家對(duì)貿(mào)易和投資的壁壘，但拉美和非洲許多國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然停滯不前，或者發(fā)展的速度還不如６０年代和７０年代進(jìn)口替代時(shí)期來(lái)得快。相比之下，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最快的國(guó)家是中國(guó)、印度和東亞及東南亞的一些國(guó)家。這些國(guó)家的決策者也贊成貿(mào)易和投資自由化，但他們采用的并不是正統(tǒng)方式，而是逐步地、有序地，而且是在最初的高速發(fā)展之后才實(shí)行貿(mào)易和投資自由化的。他們還把這種做法當(dāng)作一攬子更廣泛的、具有諸多不同尋常特點(diǎn)的政策的一部分。

The world market is technology and capital source.In developing countries, if not to use these opportunities, it would be foolish.However, the development of the globalization is not shortcuts.Successful economic development strategy are generally need to introduce the method and its institutional innovation practice ably combined together.Decision makers need to rely on domestic investors and its system to make development strategy.Economic integration in the idea of the highest price in it to reject others to achieve economic integration and put forward some ideas and earnest efforts.Sincerely accept orthodox ideas of national economic integration, the open country gradually to their benefit.Although since the 1980s reduced their countries for trade and investment barriers, but in many countries in Latin America and Africa, or stagnant economy still the speed of development as well as the 1960s and 1970s faster import substitution period.Compared with the fastest growing economy in China, India and the country's east and southeast Asian countries.These countries also approved the decision makers trade and investment liberalization, but they did not orthodox ways, but gradually, orderly, but is at the beginning of the high speed development after implement trade and investment liberalization.They also take this as a package with many more extensive, the characteristics of the unusual part of the policy.深度自由化所產(chǎn)生的這種令人失望的結(jié)果已經(jīng)被吸納到一種相當(dāng)牢固的信念中去了。那些認(rèn)為全球一體化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的先決條件的人現(xiàn)在卻告誡說(shuō)，僅僅開(kāi)放邊界是不夠的。他們指出，若想從開(kāi)放中獲得好處，發(fā)展中國(guó)家還需要全面實(shí)行體制改革。

請(qǐng)思考一下貿(mào)易自由化的問(wèn)題。不論誰(shuí)向世界銀行的任何一位官員詢問(wèn)有關(guān)實(shí)施一項(xiàng)成功的貿(mào)易自由化計(jì)劃的要求是什么，他都可能獲得除降低關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘之外的一長(zhǎng)串措施清單：為彌補(bǔ)關(guān)稅收入而進(jìn)行稅收改革、為解決失業(yè)工人的問(wèn)題而建立社會(huì)保障網(wǎng)、為使貿(mào)易行為與世界貿(mào)易組織的規(guī)定相一致而實(shí)行行政改革、為提高行業(yè)之間人員的流動(dòng)性而進(jìn)行勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的改革、為使那些因進(jìn)口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而傷了元?dú)獾墓镜玫秸衽d而提供技術(shù)幫助、為確保出口型公司和投資者獲得熟練工人而實(shí)施培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃等。由于貿(mào)易自由化的承諾難以兌現(xiàn)，先決條件便會(huì)越加越多。

自由交易

在全球一體化議程中的大多數(shù)（肯定不是所有）體制改革都是十分明智的。而且在一個(gè)對(duì)金融、行政和政治幾乎都沒(méi)有什么限制的世界上，人們對(duì)實(shí)行體制改革幾乎不會(huì)提出任何異議。不過(guò)，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，各國(guó)政府在面對(duì)如何利用它們的財(cái)力、行政管理能力和政治資本時(shí)往往會(huì)面臨艱難的抉擇。為使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化取得最大結(jié)果而確定制度上的重點(diǎn)往往要付出代價(jià)，失去一些真正的機(jī)會(huì)。

The depth of liberalization produced disappointing results have been absorbing to a fairly strong belief.That globalization is the precondition of the development of economy, but warned that are now just open boundary is not enough.They point out that in the open to benefit from developing countries need to implement reforms.Please consider trade liberalization.No matter who the world bank official inquiry about any a successful trade liberalization plan is what he could obtain except reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers outside of a long list of measures to offset tariff revenue list: and tax reform, to solve the problem of unemployment workers and establishing social security network, to make trade behavior and the world trade organization and implement the provisions of administrative reform is consistent, and to improve the liquidity of personnel between industry and labor market reform, to make those for import competition and vitality of the company get hurt and provide technical help, to ensure the export-oriented company and investors and implement training plan skilled workers.Due to the trade liberalization commitments, prerequisites will increasingly more.Free trade Most of the agenda in global integration(certainly not all)system reform is very sensible.But in a financial and administrative and political almost none of the restrictions in the world, people to carry out reform almost never raise objections.However, in reality, the governments of how to use them in the face of financial and administrative management ability and political capital will often face a difficult choice.For the global economic integration and maximum results on the system of key tend to pay, lose some real opportunity.不妨請(qǐng)思考一下某些能夠說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的交易。世界銀行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家邁克爾·芬格估計(jì)，為實(shí)施世界貿(mào)易組織三項(xiàng)協(xié)議（關(guān)于關(guān)稅估價(jià)、衛(wèi)生及植物衛(wèi)生和與貿(mào)易相關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的三項(xiàng)協(xié)議）規(guī)定的要求，一個(gè)具有代表性的發(fā)展中國(guó)家必須花費(fèi)１５億美元。正如芬格所指出的那樣，這一數(shù)額相當(dāng)于許多最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一年的發(fā)展預(yù)算。盡管執(zhí)行金融規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而支出的費(fèi)用難以全面估計(jì)，但它無(wú)疑會(huì)使財(cái)政和人力資源大量流失。發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政府難道應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)出更多的銀行審計(jì)師和會(huì)計(jì)師，即使這種投資意味著中學(xué)老師的減少和女孩受小學(xué)教育的費(fèi)用下降也罷嗎？

有關(guān)融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的各種規(guī)則不僅反映出某些人幾乎不了解發(fā)展重點(diǎn)，而且這些規(guī)則本身經(jīng)常是與可行的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則毫不相干的。例如，世界貿(mào)易組織關(guān)于反傾銷、補(bǔ)貼及其相應(yīng)措施、農(nóng)業(yè)、紡織品、與貿(mào)易相關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)等領(lǐng)域的協(xié)議缺少任何經(jīng)濟(jì)上的合理性，有的只是先進(jìn)工業(yè)國(guó)家為數(shù)不多有勢(shì)力的組織的重商主義利益。一些雙邊和地區(qū)貿(mào)易協(xié)議的情況更糟，因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)樘岣摺笆袌?chǎng)準(zhǔn)入”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家強(qiáng)加了更為苛刻的先決條件。

Might as well, please consider some of the problems that can trade.The world bank economist Michael finger estimates for the implementation of the world trade organization, three agreements(about tariff appraisal, health and plant health and trade of intellectual property rights related to the three agreements)requirements, a representative of the developing countries must spend 1  5 billion dollars.As the finger points, the amount equivalent to many least-developed countries the development budget year.Although execute financial regulations and standards and the expenses to comprehensive estimation, but it will definitely make financial and human resources loss.The governments of developing countries don't should develop more bank certified public accountants and auditors, even if the investment means high school teacher education and school fees by the girl let down? Relevant integration into the world economy of various rules not only reflect some people almost don't understand, but these rules on itself is often and feasible economic principle of recipients.For example, the world trade organization about anti-dumping, subsidies and corresponding measures, agriculture, textiles, and trade fields related to intellectual property rights of the agreement on the economic rationality of lack of any advanced industrial countries, only a few of the organization's mercantilist interests.Some bilateral and regional trade agreements worse, because they ”market access for improving the standard of“ for developing countries impose more demanding prerequisites.在金融準(zhǔn)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用性方面同樣存在類似的問(wèn)題。這些準(zhǔn)則完全是建立在英美公司管理方式和拒人于千里之外的金融發(fā)展模式的基礎(chǔ)之上的。它們堵死了通向金融發(fā)展的其它道路，如今天的許多富裕國(guó)家（日本、德國(guó)和韓國(guó)等）所走過(guò)的那種道路。

在這些領(lǐng)域，一種“全球化至高無(wú)上”的戰(zhàn)略排斥著可能更有利于發(fā)展的其它模式。融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)所需要的許多制度性改革就個(gè)體而言可能是可取的，或者能夠帶來(lái)較為廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)好處。但是，這些重點(diǎn)未必與全面發(fā)展議程中的重點(diǎn)相吻合。

In financial criteria and standards in the applicability of the same similar problems.These principles established in the company is completely and management style and is the base of financial development mode.They have also leads to financial development, such as the other way many of today's rich countries(Germany and Japan and Korea etc)of the road.In these areas, a kind of ”global“ strategy, with the supreme rejection is beneficial to the development of other may be more mode.Involved in the world economy needs many institutional reform indiiduals may be advisable, or can bring more extensive economic benefits.However, the key is the key comprehensive development agenda.亞洲神話

即使人們需要為實(shí)行加入國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)體所需要的體制改革而付出巨大代價(jià)，而且這樣做還可能會(huì)影響其它關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的投資，但經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的鼓吹者仍然申辯說(shuō)，進(jìn)入全球市場(chǎng)不可避免帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展是這些代價(jià)所無(wú)法比擬的。他們說(shuō)，人們可以以東亞四小龍和中國(guó)為例來(lái)說(shuō)明這一問(wèn)題。假如沒(méi)有國(guó)際貿(mào)易和外國(guó)資本的流入，它們又會(huì)是一個(gè)什么樣子呢？

毋庸置疑的是，這些國(guó)家因逐步融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)而獲得了巨大好處。不過(guò)，只要密切注意一下是什么政策產(chǎn)生這些效果的，你就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些國(guó)家當(dāng)時(shí)執(zhí)行的政策與今天的規(guī)則手冊(cè)幾乎沒(méi)有什么相似之處。

韓國(guó)和臺(tái)灣在六七十年代的成形發(fā)展時(shí)期幾乎不受各種國(guó)際規(guī)則的限制，而且也沒(méi)有為現(xiàn)代的經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化付出多少代價(jià)。當(dāng)時(shí)全球的貿(mào)易規(guī)則還不完整，各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也不存在今天那種要求對(duì)資本流動(dòng)開(kāi)放邊界的壓力。這些國(guó)家因此將它們向外拓展的戰(zhàn)略與下述非正統(tǒng)的政策結(jié)合在一起：高高的關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘、對(duì)主要的銀行和工業(yè)實(shí)行公有制、實(shí)行出口補(bǔ)貼、確定滿足于國(guó)內(nèi)的要求、侵犯專利權(quán)和版權(quán)、限制資本流動(dòng)（其中包括外國(guó)的直接投資）等。但是，這些政策要么已經(jīng)被今天的貿(mào)易規(guī)則所排斥，要么為國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行等國(guó)際組織所不齒。

中國(guó)奉行的是極不正統(tǒng)的雙軌戰(zhàn)略。它違反了指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)上的幾乎每一條規(guī)則（尤其是有關(guān)私有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的規(guī)定）。印度在８０年代初大幅度提高了其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率。它仍然是世界上經(jīng)濟(jì)受到保護(hù)最多的國(guó)家之一。

Even people who need to implement to join the international economies need system reform and expensive, but doing so may also affect other key areas of investment, but the advocates of economic globalization, still argued that inevitably bring into global markets of rapid economic development is the price.They say people in east China and tigers can be as an example to illustrate this problem.If no international trade and foreign capital inflows, they would be a what? Undaunted, these countries have gradually into the world economy and won great benefits.However, as long as it is what pay close attention to the effect of the policy, you will find that the country was implemented policies and rules of today's handbook almost no similarities.South Korea and Taiwan in the 1960s development period of forming almost all sorts of the international rules, and there is no limit to the modern economic integration paid the price.When global trade rules are not complete, economies does not exist in the requirement of capital flows today open border of pressure.These countries will therefore their outward expansion strategy and policy of the unorthodox together: high tariff and non-tariff barriers to major Banks, and industrial practice and export subsidies, ownership in domestic requirement determination, infringe the copyright, patent right and the limited capital flows(including foreign direct investment), etc.However, these policies have either by today's trade rules, or rejected by the international monetary fund and the world bank and other international organizations have contempt.China pursues is very orthodox double strategy.It violates the instruction manual on almost every rule(especially the relevant provisions of the private property right.India in the early 1980s greatly improved its economic growth.It is still the world economy is one of the most populous countries are protected.所有這些國(guó)家都是在幾十年中而不是在幾年中逐步開(kāi)放其貿(mào)易的。它們只是在經(jīng)濟(jì)向高速發(fā)展過(guò)渡之后才大幅度放寬進(jìn)口限制的。所有這些國(guó)家并沒(méi)有徹底廢除其現(xiàn)行制度，而是在現(xiàn)有制度的基礎(chǔ)之上成功地促使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的，即便它們的制度可能是不完善的。實(shí)際上，當(dāng)某些在經(jīng)濟(jì)上較成功的亞洲國(guó)家屈服于西方的壓力而迅速放寬對(duì)資本流動(dòng)的限制時(shí)，它們所得到的回報(bào)卻是陷入亞洲金融危機(jī)。

因此，人們很難把這些國(guó)家當(dāng)作今天全球規(guī)則中的樣板。韓國(guó)、中國(guó)、印度等亞洲國(guó)家的成功在于它們能夠自由處理自己的事務(wù)，而且能夠充分地享受這種自由。如果不與國(guó)際貨幣基金組織或世界貿(mào)易組織發(fā)生沖突，今天主張經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的人就難以重現(xiàn)上述國(guó)家的經(jīng)歷。

亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)充分表明了下述更深層次的一種看法：能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)高增長(zhǎng)的一種完善的整體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略在與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)行一體化方面遠(yuǎn)比一種靠開(kāi)放創(chuàng)造奇跡的純一體化主義戰(zhàn)略來(lái)得有效。換言之，今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化鼓吹者恰恰是在走回頭路。一體化是經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而不是其動(dòng)因。像越南這樣一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)受到相對(duì)保護(hù)的國(guó)家融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的速度要比像海地那種經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)放的國(guó)家快得多，因?yàn)樵侥喜煌诤５?，前者擁有合理運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和完善的政策。

不同于有關(guān)稅率和資本項(xiàng)目的規(guī)定，融入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的行動(dòng)不是決策者所能直接控制得了的。對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)說(shuō)他們應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步“參與國(guó)際貿(mào)易”這樣的話是有意義的，這就像告訴他們需要提高技術(shù)能力一樣，而且同樣也是有益的。決策者需要弄清楚下述問(wèn)題：哪些戰(zhàn)略能夠產(chǎn)生這些效果，目前的正統(tǒng)策略所開(kāi)出的具體處方能否經(jīng)得起考驗(yàn)。

All of these countries are in the decades in several years instead of its trade gradually opening.They only in the economic transition to the high speed development greatly relaxed after the import restrictions.All of these countries and its current system can not be completely abolished in the existing system, but the basis of economic growth to the success of the system, even if they may be incomplete.In fact, when some of the more successful in Asia and the west succumbed to relax the rapid flow of capital restrictions, the rewards are in the Asian financial crisis.Therefore, it is difficult for people to these countries in today's global rules as sample.South Korea, China, India and other Asian countries in their success to deal with their own freedom, and enjoy the freedom.If not and the international monetary fund and the world trade organization, economic globalization today claim to recreate the country is experienced.Asian countries experience shows the following a deeper can achieve economic growth: an improvement in the whole world economic development strategy and implement integration aspects than a miracle by opening the effective integration of pure strategy of socialism.In other words, the economic globalization today is in advocate quarrels.Integration is the result of economic and social development, rather than the drivers.Such as Vietnam a relative protection by the national economic integration into the world economy's speed than like Haiti that economic open country much faster, because the sea, the former Vietnam is different with the economic and reasonable operation of policy.Different from the relevant taxes and capital projects, into the global economy is not the action that can directly control makers.In developing countries, finance minister says they should further ”involved in international trade" that is meaningful and the like to tell them to improve technical ability, but also useful.Decision makers to clear up the question: what strategy to produce these effects, current orthodox strategy of concrete prescription stands the test.太好就失真了降低貿(mào)易關(guān)稅能夠促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嗎？能夠獲得的研究結(jié)果表明，在一個(gè)國(guó)家關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘的平均水平與其后來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率之間不存在必然的聯(lián)系。假如能夠說(shuō)明什么的話，那么９０年代發(fā)生的情況可以說(shuō)明，進(jìn)口關(guān)稅與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在著一種積極的聯(lián)系。只存在這樣一種明確的做法，即某些國(guó)家在變得越來(lái)越富裕的同時(shí)

第二篇：全球化的利與弊

全球化的利與弊

李：剛才陳雙榮講了經(jīng)典全球化理論、帝國(guó)主義與全球化等。白曉蘭補(bǔ)充了反全球化的原因、特點(diǎn)、表現(xiàn)和意義等等。接下來(lái)我們幾個(gè)想對(duì)全球化的利與弊這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)話。我們都知道，全球化是新經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要內(nèi)容之一。經(jīng)過(guò)新經(jīng)濟(jì)的催發(fā), 全球化如同一股大潮, 洶涌奔騰, 勢(shì)不可擋, 席卷了地球村里的每一個(gè)人。

梁: 其實(shí), 這并不是什么新經(jīng)濟(jì)?？鐕?guó)經(jīng)營(yíng), 是資本內(nèi)在的擴(kuò)張的本質(zhì)所決定的。早在中世紀(jì), 跨越民族國(guó)家邊界的貿(mào)易就已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了。在20世紀(jì)初, 商品、資本、人員的跨國(guó)界流動(dòng)是很活躍的。英國(guó)在191 4年頂峰時(shí)代, 凈資本的外流占GDP的9%, 比日本、德國(guó)80年代的資本外流量還高。是30年代的大蕭條, 使各國(guó)政府相繼控制資本, 以免大量流出而產(chǎn)生金融危機(jī)。二戰(zhàn)后, 在西方國(guó)家之間跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)又成為潮流, 只是由于冷戰(zhàn)的對(duì)峙而受到局限。20世紀(jì)90年代, 冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束了, 世界進(jìn)入了以和平與發(fā)展為主題的時(shí)代,而以信息產(chǎn)業(yè)為先鋒的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展, 拉近了世界的距離, 全球化成為一股洶涌的大潮。可以這樣說(shuō), 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是全球化的本質(zhì)動(dòng)力, 跨國(guó)公司是全球化的急先鋒, 高新技術(shù)是全球化的助推器。

覃：是的。正因?yàn)槿绱? “全球化”一詞出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)80年代。到1992年, 當(dāng)時(shí)的聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)加利在聯(lián)合國(guó)日的致詞中說(shuō)：第一個(gè)真正的全球化的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)。前任秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)安南也認(rèn)為：全球化是一個(gè)事實(shí)。

20世紀(jì)末，資本、商品、人員、服務(wù)甚至是知識(shí), 都開(kāi)始了大規(guī)模的跨國(guó)界流動(dòng)。據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)《焦點(diǎn)》雜志統(tǒng)計(jì), 世界上有7500萬(wàn)人就職于外資公司, 美國(guó)境外至少有2 500萬(wàn)人在為美國(guó)公司工作。所以，21世紀(jì)的人類社會(huì), 就必然地進(jìn)入了一個(gè)全球化的時(shí)代。

李：但是我認(rèn)為這不是一件好事。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化實(shí)際上把市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)消極的東西也同時(shí)全球化了, 污染全球化, 移民全球化, 疾病傳染全球化, 生態(tài)破壞全球化, 毒品泛濫也全球化。即使經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化, 也不是所有人的福音。全球化能帶來(lái)許多好處和機(jī)會(huì), 也必將造成許多混亂和不和諧。正如日本報(bào)刊所說(shuō), 這個(gè)全球化是美國(guó)的全球化, 充其量是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的全球化, 發(fā)展中國(guó)家是被動(dòng)地被納入其中的。全球化給這個(gè)世界造成了更大的不平等。對(duì)于全球化, 不是所有人都為之歡呼的。

覃：我不贊同國(guó)泉同學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為，全球化是一股歷史的大潮、時(shí)代的大潮, 就像所有人都必然隨著地球自西向東轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一樣, 不是你加不加入的選擇, 而是自覺(jué)不自覺(jué)地被納入其中, 是不可抗拒的。發(fā)展中國(guó)家決不能置身其外, 關(guān)鍵是如何興利除弊、主動(dòng)迎戰(zhàn)。

梁：是的。我們無(wú)法想象一個(gè)國(guó)家能在封閉的狀態(tài)下實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展與騰飛。參與全球化, 是發(fā)展中國(guó)家后來(lái)居上的必由之路。利用全球化的機(jī)遇, 發(fā)揮”后發(fā)效應(yīng)”, 彌補(bǔ)資本形成的先天不足, 獲得更多的技術(shù)選擇和市場(chǎng)選擇的機(jī)會(huì), 借發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度轉(zhuǎn)移之機(jī), 加速工業(yè)化, 現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程。積極參與全球化, 并不意味著接受“西化”走入“陷阱”。那種認(rèn)為必須擺脫全球化、走民族主義的道路的觀點(diǎn), 是行不通的。

覃：封閉意味著落后，落后就要挨打。這是近代中國(guó)歷史證明的真理。中國(guó)之所以能在近三十多年里取得令世人矚目的成就, 其中重要一條, 我認(rèn)為就是堅(jiān)持了對(duì)外開(kāi)放的基本國(guó)策。我們提出利用好“兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)、兩種資源”的方針, 將大步走出國(guó)門, 融入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的大潮。李：你們兩個(gè)說(shuō)的有一定道理。但是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)清醒地看到, 這個(gè)全球化是西方主導(dǎo)的。其理論基礎(chǔ)是政治上保守、經(jīng)濟(jì)上反對(duì)國(guó)家干預(yù)、追求所謂“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性秩序”的新自由主義。米爾頓·弗里德曼在《資本主義與自由》中說(shuō), 任何追求反市場(chǎng)政策的政府都是反民主的；生產(chǎn)、分配、交換和社會(huì)組織都由市場(chǎng)力量決定。這實(shí)際上是奉行著弱肉強(qiáng)食的“叢林規(guī)則”。安東尼·吉登斯,也寫(xiě)了很多的全球化的著作。哈貝馬斯甚至設(shè)計(jì)了“后民族國(guó)家格局”。他們認(rèn)為, 人們生存于一個(gè)全球的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性秩序”之中, 國(guó)家的力量擋不住全球化的力量;市場(chǎng)不再是國(guó)家的了, 而是全球的;而且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化, 政治、文化、法律和價(jià)值觀念等都應(yīng)全球化。

梁：正因?yàn)槭沁@樣, 在20世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了一股反全球化的浪潮。在西雅圖召開(kāi)世界貿(mào)易組織會(huì)議時(shí), 來(lái)自全球各地的幾萬(wàn)人把那個(gè)城市鬧得翻天覆地。人們抗議的主題, 不外是全球化加劇了生態(tài)破壞, 加劇了貧富分化的不平等愈演愈烈, 抗議在全球化中很少聽(tīng)到發(fā)展中國(guó)家的聲音。

覃：金風(fēng)說(shuō)得對(duì)。在全球化的過(guò)程中, 發(fā)展中國(guó)家處于弱者的地位, 好像他們應(yīng)該反對(duì)全球化似的。其實(shí)恰恰相反, 這些反全球化的人們, 主要來(lái)自發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。他們當(dāng)中的確有擔(dān)憂跨國(guó)公司追逐利潤(rùn)破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境、加劇財(cái)富分配不平等的正義之士, 但也有不少人擔(dān)心開(kāi)放國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng),可能會(huì)使他們的工資降低、甚至?xí)G掉飯碗等。

李：這種反全球化的浪潮恰恰說(shuō)明了, 在強(qiáng)大的資本力量無(wú)孔不入而卻缺乏有效管理的情況下, 全球化導(dǎo)致了一股無(wú)政府主義傾向的泛濫。

梁：隨著全球化的進(jìn)程, 窮國(guó)與富國(guó)之間的差距越來(lái)越大了。同時(shí)這一進(jìn)程也帶來(lái)了基于教育和知識(shí)不平等基礎(chǔ)之上的“種族歧視”。但是，盡管如此, 正如我剛才所說(shuō)的：發(fā)展中國(guó)家并不反對(duì)全球化。他們反對(duì)的是全球化中的不合理的規(guī)則和秩序, 反對(duì)一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家全面市場(chǎng)自由的虛偽。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后, 就連幾個(gè)最封閉的國(guó)家都緩慢地對(duì)外開(kāi)放。現(xiàn)在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政府, 都渴望平等地加入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的浪潮中。

李：是的。美國(guó)和西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家是全球化的推動(dòng)者。這就如一個(gè)競(jìng)技場(chǎng), 他們是運(yùn)動(dòng)員 , 同時(shí)他們也是規(guī)則的制定者, 而且還是裁判, 這對(duì)于被動(dòng)地加入其中的發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō), 自然是不平等的。這就是隨著全球化的進(jìn)展, 一些國(guó)家卻越來(lái)越貧窮的原因, 也是不少人批 判世界銀行、國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世貿(mào)組織的原因。而且鼓吹全球化最起勁、總是攻擊別人封鎖市場(chǎng)的美國(guó), 實(shí)行一種雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)并不全面開(kāi)放。

梁：說(shuō)到全球化。我們還不得不提到跨國(guó)公司。跨國(guó)公司是全球化的最重要的載體和主角。全球化使得跨國(guó)公司不僅在經(jīng)濟(jì)上, 而且通過(guò)各種各樣的社會(huì)階層、通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)、市場(chǎng)關(guān)系和生活方式, 超越了民族國(guó)家的疆界。

李：全球化的一個(gè)代價(jià)是民族國(guó)家的功能被削弱。這是一系列因素作用的結(jié)果, 其中包 括國(guó)際資本日益增強(qiáng)的流動(dòng)性、市場(chǎng)全球化、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的功能以及日益增強(qiáng)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這使得各國(guó)原有的體制、政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、社會(huì)設(shè)施、政策體系、價(jià)值觀念和文化都面臨著全 球化的沖擊。覃：不能夸大跨國(guó)公司對(duì)民族國(guó)家的削弱程度, 也不能因此就把跨國(guó)公司說(shuō)得一無(wú)是處。他們的投資尤其是生產(chǎn)性的長(zhǎng)期投資, 為接受地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì), 帶去了先進(jìn)技術(shù), 增加 了稅收, 客觀上有利于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展。這是人所共知的。而且跨國(guó)公司也在改變形 象, 比如他們?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)建圖書(shū)館、學(xué)校, 贊助文化體育活動(dòng), 進(jìn)行慈善事業(yè)等, 正試圖與社區(qū) 融合在一起。

梁：全球化的進(jìn)程, 使民族國(guó)家似乎在某種程度受到削弱, 但卻仍是不可替代的。全球 化應(yīng)是政府主導(dǎo)的全球化。

李：說(shuō)到全球化，人們也經(jīng)常聯(lián)系到區(qū)域化。全球化的現(xiàn)實(shí), 使人們?cè)趯で蟾佣鄻踊霓k法來(lái)適應(yīng)和解決世界市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)的新問(wèn)題。在全球化的同時(shí), 經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域化的趨勢(shì)也在加強(qiáng)。如歐盟、東盟。

梁：不僅如此，對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō), 區(qū)域化既可以保護(hù)自己的利益, 還可以作為進(jìn)入全球化的一個(gè)階梯。

覃：區(qū)域化并不一定能成為通向全球化的可靠階梯, 相反卻可能成為國(guó)際沖突的新的根 源。在西歐走向一體化的同時(shí), 東歐等地卻出現(xiàn)了破碎化的現(xiàn)象。這真是一種諷刺。

梁：全球化的過(guò)程, 本質(zhì)上就是一個(gè)內(nèi)在地充滿矛盾的過(guò)程?！芭c國(guó)際接軌”已為人們普 遍接受, 但各國(guó)都沒(méi)有忘記其本國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)和特征, 總是將國(guó)際慣例與本國(guó)的實(shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái), 使國(guó)際慣例本土化。

覃：所以說(shuō)，全球化不僅是相互交往, 而且是相互交織、相互融合的過(guò)程。人類需要“共贏”的全球化, 需要平等的全球化, 需要共存的全球化。

第三篇：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的利與弊

全球化的利與弊

全球化是一種概念更是一種人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)象過(guò)程，現(xiàn)如今全球化已經(jīng)成為最熱門的一個(gè)詞之一了，其實(shí)這個(gè)概念并不是現(xiàn)代才有，早在古代就有各種商業(yè)的往來(lái)，比如絲綢之路就是為了達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的產(chǎn)物，全球化體現(xiàn)在許多不同的方面，比如說(shuō)信息全球化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)和不可抗拒的客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是福還是禍, 是利還是弊?對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以從不同的角度和層面作出不盡相同的回答。

信息全球化可以使全球的人之間的距離縮小了，真正的變成了一個(gè)地球村，在與古代只能靠書(shū)信往來(lái)的時(shí)代相比，現(xiàn)在人們的生活更加方便與快捷，只需要敲敲手指就能與大洋彼岸的人通話與視頻，這是創(chuàng)新帶來(lái)的成果，信息全球化也給我們帶來(lái)了資源共享的進(jìn)步，提高了生產(chǎn)力，人們有更多的途徑與方式接受各種各樣的新知識(shí)。

與信息全球化相比經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來(lái)的影響更大，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化直接代表著生活水平與現(xiàn)代文明的進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化讓國(guó)人充分利用外資，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，全球化加快了生產(chǎn)社會(huì)化和國(guó)際化的進(jìn)程，也促進(jìn)了中國(guó)的向外發(fā)展，加速了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功轉(zhuǎn)型，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化有利于我國(guó)利用國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)，兩種資源，促進(jìn)我國(guó)企業(yè)走向世界。

全球化并不也只是帶來(lái)好處，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化最大的弊端就在于，拉大了兩極差距，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家會(huì)越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大，而發(fā)展中國(guó)家只能日益成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)展的附屬品，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家利用發(fā)展中國(guó)家的土地、資源、廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力，給本國(guó)帶來(lái)更大的資本輸入，而發(fā)展過(guò)程中并不考慮對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家所造成的危害，并不注意環(huán)保，污染等問(wèn)題，正因?yàn)槿绱?，在胡錦濤總書(shū)記執(zhí)政期間提出了科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，以人為本的理論，正是因?yàn)橐?jiàn)識(shí)到了全球化帶來(lái)的弊端。

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化加劇了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)蕩和不穩(wěn)定，使世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不平衡進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，加大了國(guó)與國(guó)之間的貧富差距，也使發(fā)展中國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)處在于霸權(quán)主義的欺凌下。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶給發(fā)展中國(guó)家的最大威脅是國(guó)家主權(quán)受到了沖擊和削弱。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下世界內(nèi)市場(chǎng)力量的加強(qiáng), 以及發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家跨國(guó)大公司的不斷擴(kuò)張, 發(fā)展中國(guó)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中的權(quán)力相對(duì)減弱。特別是由于生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越具有全球性, 發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)際上已很難完全控制本國(guó)的生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)。，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是一把雙刃劍，但沒(méi)有人也沒(méi)有國(guó)家可以組織全球化，相反，全球化就像一陣颶風(fēng)，會(huì)吹到更遠(yuǎn)的地方，覆蓋更多的人，沒(méi)有人可以逃避，我們只能或被動(dòng)或主動(dòng)的接受，全球化是福音，也是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，但只要中國(guó)挑戰(zhàn)成功，中國(guó)將徹底擺脫發(fā)展中國(guó)家這個(gè)頭銜邁入發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，到那時(shí)中國(guó)才實(shí)現(xiàn)了偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)，全球化并不是惡魔，只要利用的好它就是上帝派來(lái)的天使，他可以造福人類，為我們帶來(lái)資金與先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。

中國(guó)作為一個(gè)擁有五千年歷史的大國(guó)，幅員廣闊，人口眾多，中國(guó)從來(lái)就不是一個(gè)可以忽視的存在，世界離不開(kāi)中國(guó)，中國(guó)也離不開(kāi)世界，中國(guó)要積極融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的潮流中，既要把握機(jī)遇，又迎接挑戰(zhàn)。

在接受全球化時(shí)我們也要求得一個(gè)最大的平衡，盡可能的規(guī)避可能存在的危害，將危害降到最小，最大程度的利用全球化，使這把雙刃劍成為寶劍。只有這樣中國(guó)才能在經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)如此復(fù)雜的形勢(shì)下披荊斬棘。

數(shù)學(xué)與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) 201525502111 潘海琳

第四篇：全球化利與弊英語(yǔ)辯論搞

文化多樣性的減少Reduction of cultural diversity 全球化會(huì)抹平社會(huì)間的多樣性這種局部多樣性的減少又意味著人們可供選擇的菜單的減少。

First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community,.This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reduction in choice of menu.文化既是民族的，又是世界的各民族都有自己文化的個(gè)性和特征。各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少

Culture is national, but also the world's.All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics.The national culture is indispensable to world culture

全球化導(dǎo)致貧富差距的擴(kuò)大Globalization has led to the widening gap between rich and poor 全球化無(wú)疑促進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體成長(zhǎng)，但全球經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的分配卻是不成比例的。一小撮國(guó)家及跨國(guó)公司壟斷游戲規(guī)則并掌控著世界市場(chǎng)。

Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate.A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market.目前，有關(guān)人士都宣揚(yáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家“危害論”。然而，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)際體系影響更大的卻是全球化擴(kuò)大了國(guó)家間的不平等。

At present, the persons concerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries' damage theory."However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased inequality between countries.全球化導(dǎo)致發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的資源掠奪Globalization has led to plunder the resources developed to developing countries

全球化導(dǎo)致工業(yè)垃圾及環(huán)境破壞Globalization has led to industrial waste and environmental damage 資本家為了增加銷量不斷用廣告及各式各樣手法去刺激消費(fèi)，不必要地為地球制造了大量的垃圾。此外，為求利潤(rùn)，跨國(guó)公司大量采用不安全的技術(shù)，造成大量工業(yè)廢料及有毒垃圾。Capitalists in order to increase advertising and sales continue to use various techniques to stimulate consumption, unnecessarily large amount of garbage created the earth.In addition, for the sake of profit, multinational extensive use of unsafe technologies, resulting in a large number of industrial waste and toxic waste

全球化導(dǎo)致價(jià)值觀的沖突Globalization has led to a conflict of values 全球化中的價(jià)值沖突，主要表現(xiàn)為不同民族和國(guó)家的價(jià)值觀之間、特別是西方價(jià)值觀與非西方價(jià)值觀之間的沖突。

Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.全球化導(dǎo)致移民尤其是非法移民的增長(zhǎng)Globalization has led to immigration, especially illegal immigration growth 全球化帶來(lái)的收益與支付的成本在不同的國(guó)家之間和一國(guó)之內(nèi)不同人群之間的分配也是不均衡的。The benefits of globalization and the cost of pay in different countries and different groups within one country between the distribution is not balanced between.也就是說(shuō)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家在全球化發(fā)展中參與游戲的角色是不同的，所獲得的利益是 That is the developed countries and developing countries in global development in the game role is different, benefit from is not

均衡的，這樣的傾斜導(dǎo)致了發(fā)展中國(guó)家大量的非法移民流入發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

A balanced, so the tilt of the developing countries in a large number of illegal immigrants into the developed countries

1.stating an opinion 陳述觀點(diǎn) a.in my opinion… 我的意見(jiàn)是…… b.personally I think…… 我個(gè)人認(rèn)為…… c.I believe that…… 我相信…… d.I think that…… 我覺(jué)得……

e.the point is that…… 我的觀點(diǎn)是…… f.if you ask me…… 如果你問(wèn)我……

g.I’d like to say this： …… 我會(huì)這樣說(shuō)…… h.I’d like to point out that 我想指出的是…… i.speaking for myself 站在自己的立場(chǎng)上說(shuō)…… j.as far as I’m concerned，… 就我而言，…… k.in my experience… 根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)…… 2.challenging an opinion 質(zhì)疑某種觀點(diǎn) a.that can’t be true 那不可能是真的。b.but what about…？ 但關(guān)于……方面呢？ 3.clarifying a point 闡述觀點(diǎn) a.what I said was… 我剛才說(shuō)的是…… b.what I mean to say was… 我的意思是說(shuō)…… c.let me repeat what I said.讓我重復(fù)我剛才所說(shuō)的。d.let me rephrase what I said.讓我重申剛才所說(shuō)的。4.agreeing with an opinion 同意觀點(diǎn) a.of course 當(dāng)然。b.right.是的。c.exactly.對(duì)。d.that’s true.是那樣。

e.so do I.（neither do I.）我也這樣認(rèn)為。（不這樣認(rèn)為。）f.I agree completely.我完全贊同。

g.I agree with you entirely.我完全同意你所說(shuō)的。h.you’re absolutely right.顯然你是對(duì)的。i.that’s a good point.這個(gè)看法不錯(cuò)。

j.I couldn’t agree with you more.我絕對(duì)贊成你。k.that’s just what I think.我就是那樣認(rèn)為的。l.I feel the same way.我也持同樣的想法。5.disagreeing with an opinion 反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。a.however，… 然而……

b.I’m afraid i disagree.恐怕我是持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的。c.I don’t think so.我不那樣認(rèn)為。d.I don’t think… 我認(rèn)為……不是那樣的。e.on the other hand… 另一方面…… f.on the contrary.相反的。

g.that’s not（entirely）true.那不（完全）正確。h.I can’t possibly agree with you.我不可能同意你。

i.I hate to disagree with you，but… 我不喜歡反對(duì)你，但…… j.all right，but don’t you think…？ 好吧，但難道你不覺(jué)得…… k.but that’s different.但那是不一樣的。6.asking for an opinion 詢問(wèn)意見(jiàn)

a.well…what do you think（about…）？ …你覺(jué)得怎么樣？

b.do you agree？（don’t you agree？）你同意嗎？（你是不是同意？）c.what’s your view on the matter？ 就這件事你的看法呢？ d.how do you see it？ 你怎么看它？

e.let’s have your opinion.讓我們聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你的意見(jiàn)！f.do you think that…？ 你認(rèn)為……嗎？

（一）立論環(huán)節(jié)：正方一辯首先發(fā)言，接由反方一辯發(fā)言，時(shí)間各為4分鐘。

（二）盤問(wèn)環(huán)節(jié)：反方二辯首先盤問(wèn)正方一辯，接由正方二辯盤問(wèn)反方一辯，盤問(wèn)總時(shí)為2分鐘，隨后由反方二辯率先進(jìn)行駁論，再回正方二辯駁論，時(shí)間同為2分鐘。（敬請(qǐng)參閱盤問(wèn)與駁論規(guī)則）

（三）攻辯環(huán)節(jié)：雙方三辯同時(shí)進(jìn)行，各持2分鐘對(duì)辯時(shí)間，隨后先由正方三辯進(jìn)行小結(jié)，再到反方三辯小結(jié)，時(shí)間各為2分鐘。（敬請(qǐng)參閱攻辯規(guī)則）

（四）自由辯論：4位辯手交替發(fā)言，各隊(duì)總時(shí)為5分鐘。（敬請(qǐng)參閱自由辯論規(guī)則）

（五）結(jié)辯環(huán)節(jié)：反方四辯先行總結(jié)，再交由正方四辯最后發(fā)言，時(shí)間各為4分鐘。

（七）評(píng)審?fù)讼嘿悤?huì)評(píng)審?fù)讼逃戀惞?。（敬?qǐng)參閱賽果評(píng)決程序）

（八）發(fā)問(wèn)環(huán)節(jié)：大會(huì)公開(kāi)予雙方智囊團(tuán)與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾進(jìn)行交流，建議發(fā)問(wèn)時(shí)間不超過(guò)30秒，辯手回答時(shí)間不超過(guò)1分鐘。（敬請(qǐng)參閱發(fā)問(wèn)環(huán)節(jié)建議）

*

每位辯手在限定發(fā)言時(shí)間剩下30秒時(shí)，大會(huì)將以1聲鈴響提示，發(fā)言時(shí)間完畢時(shí)，則以2聲鈴響提示，辯手則需立即停止發(fā)言。

第五篇：全球化的利與弊英文作文

Globalization`s dual power Globalization has found a significant place in the lives of the people.During the process of globalization, we have made a bridge where ideas and beliefs can cross the borders, and the walls of distrust and the barriers of suspicion between countries have gradually disappeared.Though globalization is seen as a sign of a hopeful future by some, there are others who believe that it can cause a horrible disaster for the world economy.Counties benefit a lot from globalization, especially the developing countries.With it, there is a global market for companies to trade their products which can make the production sector develop rapidly.This gives lots of options to the manufacturers as well.Besides, competition keeps prices relatively low and it can provide a wider range of options for people, to choose from among the products of different nations.In addition, there is a sound flow of money, as a result, inflation is less likely to occur.But the disadvantages brought by globalization cannot be ignored.Globalization is causing Europeans to lose their jobs as work is being swerved to the Asian countries.The cost of labor in the Asian countries is low as compared to other countries which is often argued that poor countries are exploited by the richer countries where the work force is taken advantage of and low wages are implemented.Moreover, companies are as opening their counterparts in other countries which can result in transferring the quality of their product to other countries, thereby increasing the chances of poor quality.Simply put, globalization is an ongoing process of integration of regional economies into global network of communication which the human being cannot hold back.toward it, take good use of it and avoid disadvantages at the same time.Thus there will be a better world where all the people can have a brighter future.