第一篇：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

閱讀理解。Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“ Great American Dream”.However, he experienced severefinancial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman , is a powerful attack on the Americansystem, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business thereis no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to whatto do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.阿瑟·米勒（1915-2005）是舉世公認(rèn)的最偉大的劇作家之一20世紀(jì)。米勒的父親已經(jīng)從奧地利匈牙利移居美國(guó)，繪制像許多其他的“偉大的美國(guó)夢(mèng)”。不過(guò)，他經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的當(dāng)他的家族企業(yè)是毀在了大蕭條時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難早l930s。?米勒最著名的發(fā)揮，推銷員之死，是美國(guó)強(qiáng)大的攻擊系統(tǒng)憑借其積極的做生意的方式及其對(duì)金錢(qián)和社會(huì)的堅(jiān)持地位，價(jià)值的指標(biāo)。在威利·洛曼，劇中的主人公，我們看到誰(shuí)擁有一個(gè)男人鉆進(jìn)他的身價(jià)麻煩。威利被“燒毀”，并在企業(yè)的殘酷世界里沒(méi)有空間感悟：如果他不能做的工作，那么他是沒(méi)有好他的雇主，瓦格納公司，他必須去。威利痛苦地意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)，并在無(wú)所適從做他的缺乏成功。他不肯面對(duì)事實(shí)，他已經(jīng)失敗，殺死自己到底。?當(dāng)它在1949年首次上演，該劇是迎接熱情的評(píng)論，和它贏得了托尼獎(jiǎng)最佳戲劇，紐約戲劇批評(píng)家獎(jiǎng)，并普利策戲劇獎(jiǎng)。這是第一次發(fā)揮贏得所有這三個(gè)重要獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。?米勒在他的家在羅克斯伯里，康涅狄格死于心臟衰竭，對(duì)日晚10,2005，在百老匯推銷員之死的首場(chǎng)演出56周年。1.Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?______ A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B.He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”.C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D.His family business failed.2.The play Death of a Salesman _______.A.exposes the cruelty of the American business world B.discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C.talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D.focuses on the skills in doing business 3.What can we learn about Willy Loman? A.ded as a hero by his colleagues.4.What is the text mainly about?______ A.Arthur Miller and his family..The awards Arthur Miller won.C.The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D.Arthur Miller and his best-known play.答案：BACD閱讀理解。

When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car.Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation(住所).I suggested that they should stay at 'bed and breakfast' houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family.My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.“We didn't stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that mostfamilies were away on holiday.” I thought this was strange.Finally I understood what had happened.My friends spoke little English, and they thought 'VACANCIES' meant 'holidays', because the Spanish word for 'holidays' is 'vacaciones'.So they did not go to house where the sign outside said 'VACANCLES', which in English means there are free rooms.Then my friends went to house where the sign said 'NO VACANCLES', because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday.But they found that these houses were all full.As a result, they stayed at hotels!We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs.In Spanish, the word 'DIVERSION' means fun.In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road.When my friends saw the word 'DIVERSION' on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun.Instead, the road ended in a large hold.English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages.Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said “Thank you” in French.I meant that I would like some more.However, to my surprise, the coffee pot was taken away!Later I found out that “Thank you” in French means “No, thank you.”當(dāng)我住在西班牙，我的一些西班牙朋友決定去英國(guó)的車程。在他們離開(kāi)之前，他們問(wèn)我的意見(jiàn)如何找到住宿（住所）。我建議他們應(yīng)該留在“床和早餐”的房子，因?yàn)檫@種住宿給外國(guó)游客的好機(jī)會(huì)講英語(yǔ)的家庭。我的朋友聽(tīng)了我的意見(jiàn)，但他們帶回來(lái)一些有趣的故事?！拔覀儧](méi)有停留在床和早餐的房子，”他們說(shuō)，“因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)家庭外出度假?！拔艺J(rèn)為這是奇怪的。我終于明白發(fā)生了什么事。我的朋友說(shuō)話一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)，他們認(rèn)為'空缺'的意思'假期'，因?yàn)槲靼嘌勒Z(yǔ)單詞對(duì)于“假期”是“ vacaciones ”。因此，他們沒(méi)有去房子里的符號(hào)表示外“ VACANCLES '，這在英文的意思是有免費(fèi)的客房。然后我的朋友去房子里的牌子上寫(xiě)著“ NO VACANCLES '，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這意味著人們誰(shuí)擁有房子并沒(méi)有外出度假。但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些房子都是全部爆滿。因此，他們住在酒店！我們笑了一下，并約在閱讀其他標(biāo)志犯了錯(cuò)誤我的朋友。在西班牙語(yǔ)，單詞“引水”是指fun.In英語(yǔ)，這意味著工人是修復(fù)道路，你必須采取不同的road.When我的朋友看到這個(gè)詞上一個(gè)路標(biāo)“引水”，他們認(rèn)為他們將不得不fun.Instead，道路在一個(gè)大抱結(jié)束。英國(guó)人也有問(wèn)題，當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)。一次在巴黎，當(dāng)有人給我一些更多的咖啡，我說(shuō)法語(yǔ)“謝謝”。我的意思是我想多一些。然而，出乎我的意料，咖啡壺被搶走了！后來(lái)我發(fā)現(xiàn)在法語(yǔ)中的意思是“謝謝你” “不，謝謝你?！?/p>

1.My Spanish friends wanted advice about _____.[ ] A.learning English

B.finding places to stay in England

C.driving their car on English roads

D.going to England by car 2.'NO VACANCIES' in English means _____.[ ] A.no free rooms

B.free rooms

C.not away on holiday

D.holidays 3.When someone offered me more coffee and I said “Thank you” in French, I _____.[ ] A.didn't really want any more coffee

B.wanted them to take the coffee pot away C.really wanted some more coffee

D.wanted to express my politeness 4.I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away because I _____.[ ] A.hadn't finished drinking my coffee B.was expecting another cup of coffee C.meant that I didn't want any more D.was never misunderstood 答案：BACB

An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to（歸因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service.A.spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.Professor john Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it.One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.” He added.University applications rose 7% last year.But there were rises above average in several subjects.Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector（部門(mén)）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.A.recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”

在學(xué)生申請(qǐng)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，大學(xué)增加被歸因于（歸因于）全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)喚醒公眾對(duì)知識(shí)的渴求對(duì)金融系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。申請(qǐng)學(xué)位課程開(kāi)始今年秋季分別增長(zhǎng)15 ％今年一月，根據(jù)UCAS，大學(xué)及院校招生事務(wù)處。A.發(fā)言人皇家經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)應(yīng)用在A級(jí)從事經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究也上升。約翰比思教授，社會(huì)的總裁和圣安德魯斯大學(xué)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講課，說(shuō)他的第一年的講座，這是開(kāi)放給學(xué)生來(lái)自各個(gè)部門(mén)，都繪制的400人群，而不是通常的250。?“有大量的學(xué)生誰(shuí)不是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，誰(shuí)愿意了解一些有關(guān)它的。有一件事我今年做的是與我的教學(xué)的方式，一句都沒(méi)有做傳統(tǒng)的當(dāng)代事件?！八a(bǔ)充說(shuō)。大學(xué)申請(qǐng)去年同期上漲了7 ％。但有幾個(gè)學(xué)科上升到高于平均水平。護(hù)士看到了一個(gè)15 ％的漲幅，在迎合在恥骨界人士的新的興趣（部門(mén)），這被看作是在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)更安全。答：最近的研究表明，幾乎三分之二的家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該做更多的講授財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題的學(xué)生，幾乎一半的人說(shuō)他們的孩子曾問(wèn)他們發(fā)生了什么事，雖然父母的少數(shù)覺(jué)得他們不理解自己不夠好來(lái)解釋。扎克霍金，兒童信托基金的負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)： “這可能是從低迷到出現(xiàn)一個(gè)好處將是這一代人的經(jīng)濟(jì)更聰明，更有能力通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定時(shí)期來(lái)管理他們的錢(qián)?！?/p>

71.Professor John Beath’s lectures are.A.given in a traditional way B.connected with the present situation C.open to both students and their parents D.warmly received by economics 72.Incomes in the public sector are more attractive because of their.A.greater stability B.higher pay C.fewer applications D.better reputation 73.in the opinion of most parents.A.eccentrics should be the focus of school teaching B.more students should be admitted to universities C.the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened.D.children should solve financial problems themselves 74.According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters.A.wiser in money management B.have access to better equipment C.confide about their future careers D.get jobs in Child Trust Funds 75.What’s the main idea of the text?

A.Universities have received more applications.B.Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students C.college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty D.parents are concerned with children’s subject selection.答案 71.B 72.A 73.C 74.A 75.B

第二篇：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（定稿）

In the early 1990s,the word”Internet”was strange to most people.But today,Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world.Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind（人類）

Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster.We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world.We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet.We can use search engines to find the information we need.Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games,visiting chat rooms or surfing（瀏覽）websites.There are some games for free.We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now.We can also listen to music and see films.Now ,there is a lot of service on the Internet such as online banking ,job finding and ticket buying.We can also do shopping and find nearly all kinds of goods.Sometimes we can find something that is quite good but very cheap.26.How many main advantages of the Internet are talked about in the passage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.27.What fact doesn?t the passage provide?

A.We can find almost anything we want to know on the Internet.B.Some games on the Internet are free.C.We can buy most things we need on the Internet.D.Goods on the Internet are more expensive than those in real shops.28.Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?

A.Online Shopping

B.Exchanging Information on the Internet

C.The Advantages of the Internet

D.Surfing the Websites on the Internet

You want to know about my staying inAmerica,right?Well,to tell you the truth,it is

really an eye-opening experience study here.In China,I had English classes five times a week since fifth grade.However,I didn?t

know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to

Hotchkiss School,Conmecticut.When I first studied English,I was told to say, “I am fine.”when people say “How are

you ?”But in the US,I found that people say, “I am good.”or “Ilm tired.”

One day ,someone greeted me with “What?s up ?”It ,made me confused.I thought for

a moment and then smiled because I didn?t know what to say.Sincethen,I have discovered more and more differences between Chinese and US

cultures.China ,girls try every possible way to get their skin paler,or “whiter.”

I alsosurprised by how hard-working.US students are.In China,schoolwork is

almost everything ,so we study hard and that? it.But here,a “good”student gets good

grades,does a lot for the public and plays sports or music.The kids here are so talented ,I am starting to be sorry that I gave up playing the piano

at an early age and that I have never thought about sports.61.According to the writer,textbook English is _________everyday English.A.quite different fromB.the same asC.more difficult than

62.What does the word “tan ”in the sixth paragraph mean in Chinese?

A曬黑B曬白C 能量

63.A good US student spends his/her time ________.A.only in doing homework

B.only on sports or music

C.on studies ,sports or music and public work

64.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.The writer is now in US.B.American girls love to have white skin.C.US students are talented and hard-working.65.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.My Own Travel in the US

B.My Studying in the US

C.My Opinion about the US

People often say that the Englishman?s home is his castle.They mean that the home is very important and personal to him.Most people in Britain live in houses ratherthan flats,and many people own their homes.This means that they can make them individual（個(gè)體的）;they can paint them,and change them in any way they like.Most house have a garden,even if it is a very small one,and the garden is usually loved.The house and the garden are the private（私人的）space of the individual.People usually like to mark their space.Are you sitting now in your home or on a train?have you marked the space around yourself as your?If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you.If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London.I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us.The man on the space on my side of the table at all.I was angry.Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table.I had read a book about non-verbal communication,so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase!When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出)out of his head.I had invaded(侵犯)his space!A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them.He immediately moved his case to his side ofthe table.Of course,it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!

If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don?t have any private space.Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world.All day long ,you share public spaces with o ther pople.You see the local people in their private spaces and.Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don?t know about.And you even feel that they like you to be outside one of the difficulties of being a traveler!But if you understand it then it helps you.Haven?t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning”a bit of space?

41.The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because______.A.he had no place to sitB.someone had invaded his “space”

C.too many people shared a section with him

D.some other people talked about things he didn?t know about

42.“… ?”in paragraph 4 means that_______.A.you are alone outside the house

B.you feel lonely because you travel on your own

C.you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some fun

D.you feel lonely and you don?t belong to that place or that group of people

43.In Paragraph 4 ,the pronoun “（所指）“___________”.A.public spacesB.private spacesC.local peopleD.other countries

44.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.British people dislike marking their space.B.You always feel at home in another country.C.Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.D.You can?t mark your private space in a foreign country.45.Tha main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to _______.A.own private spaces by living in houses

B.have one corner of their own in public places

C.realize the importance of “space”in communication

D.create their private spaces by talking with local people

When I was a foreign teacher in China,every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China.One day the topic turned to saying “I love you”.I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had saidthis to their mothers,nor had their mothers said it to them.“Does your mom love you?” “Of course ,”they answered.“How do you know ?”was my logical question.They responded that their mons cooked and always toldthem what they were doing wrong to showtheir caring.I was stunned.So mon?s cooking and criticzing read out as “I love you ”.“Then how do you say ?I love you ?to her?”They agreed that getting good gradws,followed by god jobs would be how they showed their love.I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough,so I repeated these queries in classes over time.Gradually,I began to get different response.Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms.One of my favorite stories of change came from a girl.When she came home from university,her mother met her at the door and hugged（擁抱）her.This had never happened before,but her mom said, “Now that you have gone I have more time to myself.I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I decided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you.”

In my family we all say “I love you”a lot.While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment,it is almost like a blessing we give each other.Those three little words carry a world of meaning ,even when said as a greeting,but most especially if they are the last words we say to or hear from those we love.52.The foreign teacher_______.A.comes from AmericaB.is a young woman

C.is expressive enoughD.knows much about China

53.Chinese people prefer to show love by________.A.saying “I love you”B.cooking

C.getting good gradesD.doing something helpful;

54.In paragraph 4,what?s the real meaning of the mom?s hugging?

A.She is meeting her daughter at the door.B.She loves her daughter and misses her.C.She is glad that she has more timeto herself

D.She finds it interesting to hug her daughter.55.What?s the main idea of the passage?

A.Say “I love you”more to your family.B.Say “I love you ”a lot to Chinese people.C.Say “I love you ”as a greeting to others.D.Say “I love you ”without great depth of feelings.Every year there is a Spring Festival in China.Usually it is in January or February.It is the most important festival in China.So before it comes，everyone has to prepare things.They buy pork，beef，chicken，fruits and many other things.And they often make a special kind of food—“dumplings”.It means “come together”.On the day before the festival，parents buy new clothes for their children.Children also buy presents for their parents.On the Spring Festival Eve（除夕），all the family members come back to their hometown.This is a happy moment.Some sing and dance，some play cards and others get the dinner ready.When they enjoy the meal，they give each other the best wishes for the coming year.They all have a good time.

26.Which is the most important festival in China?

A.The Mid-Autumn Festival.B.The Spring Festival. C.Children?sDay.

27.When is the Chinese Spring Festival usually celebrated?

A.In March or April.B.In May or June.C.In January or February.

A.ChickenB.DumplingC.Fish

29.What?s the meaning of the food “dumplings” for Chinese people in the Spring Festival?

A.Look up.B.Help yourself.C.Come together.

30.The family 

A.give each other the best wishes

B.buy each other presents

C.sing，dance and play cards

第三篇：初二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

初二第六周英語(yǔ)閱讀

A

One fine winter day some ants were working in the field.They were very busy.Just then a grasshopper（蚱蜢）passed by.“Good day, kind ants,” said the grasshopper.“I am very hungry.Won't you lend（借給）me a little food?（AI will pay you before the next autumn.” “Have you no food of your own?（B）You know there was much food in the field last summer.What were you doing then?” asked an old ant.The grasshopper answered;“I（C）all day and night during the summer.And so I had no time to gather any food.Please lend me some food.” “Well, then,” said the ant.“（D）You only played and did not work during the summer.We'll never lend you any food.”（E）1.將（A）處畫(huà)線句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。

2.寫(xiě)出（B）處畫(huà)線句子的同義句。3.根據(jù)上下文可知在（C）處應(yīng)填入的單詞或詞組是

4.從下列句子中選擇合適的句子填入文中（D）處。

A.You sang very well and we all liked your songs very much.B.You could sing all the summer, you also could dance all the winter.C.You are one of the best singers here and we cheer you.D.Would you like to perform one for us?

5.將（E）處畫(huà)線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。B

Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to walk ? Or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?

If you do, you need to take control of(控制)your feelings and stop getting angry so easily.Getting angry with people can cause you to lose friends.Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher , has written My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings.It tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them.The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse.It can never make them better.Getting angry is not a natural（自然的）way to act.The book says you can control your anger easily----all you have to do is tell yourself not to be angry.When a baby falls over, it only cries if people are watching it.Like a baby, you should only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do.The book gives many tips to help you get angry easily.Here are our top three:

1.Keep a record.Every time you get angry ,write down you are angry.Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily.2.Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry.This will teach you not to be angry.3.Do something different.When you get angry, walk away from problem and go somewhere else Try to laugh!

1.The writer wants to tells us ______.A.not to get angryB.to walk hard at school

C.to do more exerciseD.to help each other

2.The writer thinks that if you get angry easily you will ______.A.get ill very easilyB.lose your friendsC.put on weight easilyD.eat less

3.My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals is a ___A.storyB.bookC.picture D.film

4.My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals mainly tells us ______.A.what to readB.how to readC.how to stay coolD.how to learn English well

5.In the fourth paragraph, the underlined（畫(huà)線的）word “it” refers to（指的是）______.A.the bookB.angerC.habitD.the baby

C

It was Mother’s Day.John was so busy with his work that he couldn’t go back home.When he passed by a flower shop in the evening , an idea came to his mind.“ I’ll send Mom some roses.While John was picking his flowers , a young man went inside.“ How many roses can I get for only five dollars, Madam?” he asked.The assistant was trying to tell him roses were as

expensive as forty dollars a dozen（一打）.Maybe he would be happy with carnations.“ No, I have to have red roses.” He said: “ My mom was badly ill last year and I didn’t get to spend much time with her.Now I want to get something special, and it has to beroses, as roses are her favorite.”

After hearing it, John said he would pay the rest of the money for the young man.Moved by both of them, the assistant said, “Well, lovely young men, thirty dollars a dozen, only for you.” Taking the roses ,the young man almost jumped into the air and ran out of the shop.It was well worth twenty-five dollars John paid to see the exciting moment.Then John paid for his dozen of roses and told the assistant to send them to his mother.As he walked out, he felt nice.Suddenly he saw the young man crossing the street and going into a park.But soon he realized it was not a park but a cemetery（墳?zāi)梗?Crying, the young man carefully laid the roses, “ Mom, oh , Mom, why didn’t I tell you I loved you when you were with me?”

1.The assistant tried to ask the young man to buy carnations of roses because ______

A.carnations are nicer than rosesB.roses were saved for John

C.roses were more expensive than carnationsD.carnations were special flowers for Mother’s Day

2.Do you know what is the meaning of the underlined word?

A.郁金香B。康乃馨C。玫瑰D。菊花

3.John spent ___ altogether（總共）in the flower shop that day.A.$5B.$25C.$30D.$55

4.The young man cried at the tomb（墳?zāi)梗゜ecause he ______.A.had spent all his money on the roses

B.wasn’t able to tell his mother he loved her by himself

C.felt sorry to ask John to pay for his sick mother

D.hadn’t got enough money for his sick mother

5.The writer writes the passage to tell us “______”

A.Buy roses for your mother when she is ill

B.Let your mother know how much you love her

C.Work hard to get more money for your mother

D.Send your mother flowers on Mothers’ Day

D

It was the final examination for physics at a school.The examination was two hours long, and exam papers were given.The teacher was very strict and told the class that any exam paper which was not on his desk in two hours would be refused(拒絕)and the student would fail（不及格）.A half hour into the exam, a student came rushing in and asked the teacher for an exam paper.“You're not going to have time to finish this,” the teacher said slowly as he gave the student a paper.“Yes, I will,” answered the student.He then took a seat and began writing.After two hours, the teacher began to call for the exam papers, and the students stood up and put them on the teacher’s desk, all except the late student, who went on writing.A half hour later, the last student came up to the teacher who was sitting at his desk and busy writing something.He tried to put his exam paper on the stack（摞）of the other papers already there.“No, you can't, I'm not going to take that in.It's late.”

The student became worried.He thought for a while, then he asked the teacher in a low voice,“ Do you know WHO I am?”

“No, surely I don't,” answered the teacher.“DO YOU KNOW WHO I AM?” The student asked again.“No, and I don't care,” said the teacher in a louder voice.“Good,” answered the student, who quickly put his paper in the middle of the stack of exam papers, and rushed out of the room.1.What did the teacher do before the exam began?

A.He called the names of the students in the classroom.B.He helped the students write the papers.C.He told the students some rules about the exam.D.He said he was very strict and no one can pass it.2.Why did the student ask “Do you know who I am?” twice?

A.He would play a joke on the teacher.B.He wanted to tell the teacher he was angry.C.He was afraid that he would fail the exam.D.He already had a plan in his mind.3.What do you think of the teacher’s attitude(態(tài)度)to the late student?

A.He was friendly.B.He was polite.C.He was cold.D.He was careless.E

Diving or Drowning

A rich young man decided that he would like to do some diving in the sea, so he bought a rubber suit and all the other things that he needed, and took some lessons at a diving school.Then one day he walked into the water by himself and began to explore the bottom of the sea.He saw a lot of beautiful fish and other things, and then, after half an hour, he suddenly saw a man waving his arms and legs around wildly near the bottom of the sea.He was wearing only a bathing suit.The rich young man was very surprised to see him, so he took out a plastic

notebook and a special pencil, which could write under water, and wrote, “What are you doing here?”

He showed the notebook to the other man, who then took the pencil and wrote, “Drowning!”

1.What did the rich young man want to do?A.driving B.diving C.walking D.swimming

2.How did he prepare himself for this?

A.He bought all the things needed for diving.B.He took a diving lesson.C.He bought a rubber suit and a bathing suit.D.both a and b.3.What did he first see at the bottom of the ocean?

A.some fishB.some plantsC.a man with a bathing suitD.a man with a diving suit

4.What did he see later?

A.some sea animalsB.some rocksC.a man with a bathing suitD.other things

5.What was the man doing?A.swimmingB.divingC.searching for fishD drowning

6.What was he wearing?

A.a rubber suitB.a swimming suitC.a diving suitD.a bathing suit

7.What did the rich young man do?

A.He talked with him.B.He pulled the man out of water.C.He communicated with the man by writing.D.He gave his suit to the man.8.What did the other man write in the notebook?A.It’s none of your business.B.Who are you?C.What are you doing here?D.Drowning

第四篇：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解等

考博英語(yǔ)閱讀：

1.中心思想是解—主題型、細(xì)節(jié)型的細(xì)節(jié)也是圍繞中心的細(xì)枝末節(jié) 2.隱蔽處有解—同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句后半句、從句等 3.不合理項(xiàng)是解；無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)是解；事實(shí)是解—反其道而行之

4.同義替換是解—照抄原文不是解，同義替換、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等是解

5.含義不肯定的是解—can, could, may, usually, might, most, more or less, relatively, be likely to, whether or, not necessarily, dubious, hesitate, suggest…是解 6.潛在的是解—potential, trend, threat…是解 7.未知的是解—unknown…是解

8.相對(duì)的是解—絕對(duì)的不是解，如must, always, never, the most, all, only, any, none, entirely, absolute, 最高級(jí)等不是解

9.概括性的是解；—both, various, and, many, general, not only …but also,名詞復(fù)數(shù)，系表結(jié)構(gòu)等是解；

10.抽象的是解—approach, concept, misconception, awareness, property, character, chance, opportunity等是解

11.some是解—someone, somebody, something, someday, some time, certain(一些)等是解

12.重要是解—important, necessity, essential, significant, dominant, special, vital, particular, fundamental等是解

13.基礎(chǔ)是解—basis, be based on, basic, in the nature, origin, originate等是解

14.虛詞型的是解—another, other, more, either, also, beside, additional, extra, same 等是解 15.部分是解—nearly, not enough, part, inadequate等是解

16.復(fù)雜的是解—(簡(jiǎn)單的非解)含義矛盾的，中庸的，復(fù)合句，長(zhǎng)的，比較結(jié)構(gòu)，深刻含義，雙重否定，三重否定，難的，different, separation, division, X and not X, instead of , complex, discuss, difficult是解

17.相互作用是解—interfere, effect, each other, affect, respond, adapt to, influence, compensate, associate with, relationship, cooperation, depend等是解

18.變化是解—change, shift, vary, alter, variation, formation, no longer, delay, improve, postpone, increase, convert等是解

19.積極向上是解—objective, new, inventive, 獨(dú)出心裁的等是解

20.主觀是解—忽視，neglect, ignore, expect, speculate, suspect, overlook, overestimate, like, dislike等是解

你把真題的解比較一下，是不是命題有規(guī)律！

最后再說(shuō)一句：閱讀的技巧只是在有好的閱讀基礎(chǔ)上才能使用！

技巧一：看懂

閱讀理解其實(shí)主要考的是“閱讀”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第一項(xiàng)技巧。

任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要兩個(gè)條件：認(rèn)識(shí)單詞和看明白句子。單詞就像蓋房的磚瓦，考博詞匯大約為5500個(gè)，這不是一個(gè)小數(shù)字，也并非三兩天時(shí)間可以記住的，所以，考生必須先買一本考博英語(yǔ)詞匯書(shū)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、長(zhǎng)期的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶。（推薦《考博英語(yǔ)詞匯真題詞頻語(yǔ)境記憶》，該書(shū)打破了傳統(tǒng)考博詞匯書(shū)按字母順序排序的做法，而是采用歷年真題作為單詞出現(xiàn)頻率的統(tǒng)計(jì)依據(jù)，將所有大綱單詞及超綱單詞按照歷年真題出現(xiàn)的頻率從高到低排列，而且全部按照考過(guò)的不同詞義配不同的真題例句，可以使學(xué)生用最少的時(shí)間獲得最好的學(xué)習(xí)效率）.拿到詞匯書(shū)之后，首先用大約一周的時(shí)間把這些單詞中你根本不認(rèn)識(shí)的挑出來(lái)，如rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……,（因?yàn)檫@些單詞你可能完全不認(rèn)識(shí)，看到之后兩眼漆黑，所以稱之為“黑”字）.“黑”字是閱讀的頭一個(gè)障礙，單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，句子當(dāng)然看不懂，所以，消滅“黑”字是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。（爭(zhēng)取用一個(gè)月左右的時(shí)間消滅它們！)

考博詞匯中，除“黑”字外，還有大量意思非常明白的所謂“白”字，如：able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。此類單詞可一掠而過(guò)，除“黑”（完全不認(rèn)識(shí)）和“白”（完全明白）字兩類外，還有許多似會(huì)不會(huì)的“灰”字，如：treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss, ……。甚至還有大量你覺(jué)得會(huì)但其實(shí)并非如此的“灰”字，如：spring 除了“春天”之外，還當(dāng)“泉水”、“彈簧”講;account除了“帳戶”，還作“原因;理由;解釋;說(shuō)明;報(bào)告;占……”解。affect除了“愛(ài)，深情”之外，還有“做作……”之義。背誦單詞時(shí)，一定要多看詞匯書(shū)中所給的例句才能牢記其意義。

除單詞外，有時(shí)句子太長(zhǎng)也會(huì)對(duì)閱讀造成致命的傷害，如：

If you add to this the effects of a sonar set mounted in the small nose of a torpedo rushing through the water at speeds up to 80 miles per hour with its consequent noise and vibration, plus hullborne vibrations from the power plant, it can be seen that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success.看完此句，很多考生如墜五里霧中，不知所云。其實(shí)，看懂長(zhǎng)難句有點(diǎn)像撒網(wǎng)捕魚(yú)，收網(wǎng)時(shí)應(yīng)收緊網(wǎng)繩（叫綱），漁網(wǎng)自然會(huì)合攏。不要去亂抓網(wǎng)眼（那叫目）?？撮L(zhǎng)難句亦應(yīng)該做到“綱舉目張”，先找句子的骨架（主＋謂＋賓），再解決修飾成份（定、狀等）.此句it后為主句，但it不是其真正主語(yǔ)，叫形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)為后邊的that從句，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)的“主＋謂＋賓”也應(yīng)像漢語(yǔ)那樣按順序放好，主語(yǔ)放謂語(yǔ)前，即：“只有最先進(jìn)的電子過(guò)濾器才有成功的可能這一點(diǎn)可以被看得很明白。“（形式主語(yǔ)it不必譯）但英譯漢中，應(yīng)盡量少用被動(dòng)句型。所以，此句可譯為：“可以很清楚地看出：只有最先進(jìn)的電子過(guò)濾器才有可能獲得成功”.（形式主語(yǔ)it不必譯）

it前邊不是句子的主要部分，而是一個(gè)由if 所引領(lǐng)的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。（如果說(shuō)主＋謂＋賓是樹(shù)干的話，定、狀則像樹(shù)葉，要繁雜和麻煩得多。）在整個(gè)if...這樣一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成的狀語(yǔ)中，if you（主語(yǔ)）add（謂語(yǔ)）the effect to this（雙賓語(yǔ)）為基本框架;那第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)為何要倒過(guò)來(lái)呢？因?yàn)榈谝粋€(gè)賓語(yǔ)effects 后面跟了那么長(zhǎng)那么多的定語(yǔ)。（注意：英語(yǔ)常將定語(yǔ)寫(xiě)在名詞后，這一點(diǎn)與中文大相徑庭：中文的定語(yǔ)一律放在名詞前）

第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)為介詞詞組“of a sonar set ”，修飾effects，譯為：“一套聲納設(shè)施的效果”;第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)為“mounted in the small nose“，過(guò)去分詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ)：“被安裝在一個(gè)小鼻子上的”;第三個(gè)定語(yǔ)“of a torpedo” : “一個(gè)魚(yú)雷的”;第四個(gè)定語(yǔ)“rushing...”譯為：“以每小時(shí)80英里速度穿行于水里的”;后邊還有一個(gè)“with...“(”plus...”為兩逗號(hào)間的插入語(yǔ))英文定語(yǔ)在名詞后，中文卻將定語(yǔ)放在名詞effects前邊。若定語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)，常采用倒著翻譯的方法，我們稱之為“倒解連環(huán)”.故整句意思為：“如果你把帶著巨大噪音和震動(dòng)的、以每小時(shí)80英里速度穿過(guò)水中的一個(gè)魚(yú)雷的鼻尖部位上所安裝的一套聲納設(shè)備的效果也加進(jìn)去考慮的話，再加上還有由電機(jī)部分所造成的外殼的震動(dòng)，那么，可以清楚地看到：只有最先進(jìn)的電子過(guò)濾器才有可能獲得成功?！?/p>

這就是考博英語(yǔ)的實(shí)情，怪不得每年的考博大軍中，過(guò)60分者寥寥無(wú)幾，每年也只有18%左右，英語(yǔ)考得好的同學(xué)，前途自然也比其他人更為光明。

大家切記，英語(yǔ)的句子中，“主＋謂＋賓”基本與中文一致，是按順序擺放的，而定、狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常倒著放，又長(zhǎng)又多，比主、謂、賓要難很多。定、狀語(yǔ)放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂閱讀理解中的長(zhǎng)難句，語(yǔ)法基本功一定要扎實(shí)。

技巧二：選題

看懂文章之后，還有一個(gè)如何選題的問(wèn)題，所以第二項(xiàng)技巧是選題問(wèn)題。

眾所周知，讀完文章之后就要對(duì)文章后面的問(wèn)題作出選擇：是選A呢？還是選B、C？還是選D？許多考生說(shuō)，文章有時(shí)看懂了，題就是選不對(duì)。其實(shí)選題也是大有技巧的，閱讀的問(wèn)題基本上分為五大類：

1.主旨題（又稱中心思想題）: 這類題基本上是問(wèn)main idea, 或best title是什么；也可以問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)此文章的purpose何在；或問(wèn)此文的conclusion可總結(jié)為什么。碰到這類題最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是把文中每段的首句串起來(lái)考慮。若是僅問(wèn)其中某一段的中心思想為何，則可將該段的首、尾句加起來(lái)考慮。

2.詞匯題（又稱詞語(yǔ)釋義題）: 這類題常問(wèn)考生一些不認(rèn)識(shí)、從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的一些生詞或詞組的意思是什么。解題技巧為參考上、下文，尤其是下文。因?yàn)橄挛某３Ｊ菍?duì)該詞的解釋、說(shuō)明、舉例等等。

3.作者態(tài)度題：常問(wèn)作者對(duì)某事是什么態(tài)度：主觀（subjective）還是客觀（objective);肯定（positive）還是否定（negative);贊成（approval）還是反對(duì)（opposition）等等。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞，顯然是贊成。若用貶義詞，顯然是反對(duì)。若客觀陳述，則是中性的立場(chǎng)，不偏不倚。注意：作者態(tài)度常常在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后表明出來(lái)。所以，but一詞至關(guān)重要（還有類似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等）.4.推理性問(wèn)題：其典型詞有兩個(gè)：infer和imply。如：What can you infer from the story? 或What is the implied meaning of this sentence?

切記，推理性問(wèn)題原文中沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案。答案是你自己推想出來(lái)的，但不能憑空瞎想，必須以原文中某句話或某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)為依據(jù)去合理推測(cè)才能找到合適的答案。

注意：以上四種題型頂多占閱讀理解考試總分的1/4左右，而其他約30分的題都屬于以下提到的：細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題！

5.細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題：（聲明：本書(shū)中沒(méi)有指出題型的，大多為細(xì)節(jié)題）

此類題占閱讀總分40分中的30分左右，因此十分重要。注意，這類問(wèn)題與推理性問(wèn)題截然相反，都可以從原文中找到答案，只不過(guò)為了迷惑考生，常常將原文進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)，換一種說(shuō)法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而與原文意思相同的，才是正確的。

除了將文章看懂，把題目選對(duì)之外，閱讀理解還有兩個(gè)非常重要的注意事項(xiàng)：速度與步驟。

技巧三：速度

大家都知道，僅僅把題選對(duì)是不夠的，因?yàn)榭荚囘€有時(shí)間的限制。（你就算選對(duì)，每篇文章花一個(gè)小時(shí)那能行嗎？?。┯涀?，考試總共180分鐘，四篇閱讀最多占70～80分鐘（即17～20分鐘一篇），其余時(shí)間還要寫(xiě)作文、做翻譯、英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用等。

那么，對(duì)于速度過(guò)慢的考生，郭老師有什么建議呢？

第一、加大詞匯量，這樣讀起來(lái)才會(huì)勢(shì)如破竹，一氣呵成。若生詞太多，自然會(huì)磕磕跘跘，走不了太快。

第二、閱讀中最忌諱的是一個(gè)字一個(gè)字地去讀，那樣又慢又差。正確的方法是用眼去抓句子的大致結(jié)構(gòu)（叫意群閱讀法）。還記得前面那個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句嗎？郭老師并沒(méi)有孤零零地去看每一個(gè)詞，而是先找到了it后面的主句，前頭的if句雖然很長(zhǎng)，只不過(guò)是個(gè)狀語(yǔ)而已。而在主句中，我又抓住了它的主語(yǔ)that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success和謂語(yǔ)can be seen。這種提綱挈領(lǐng)的讀法，不僅可以使速度加快，更可以使準(zhǔn)確率提高。

第三、考博是一場(chǎng)艱苦卓絕的拼搏?？疾┯⒄Z(yǔ)又比四、六級(jí)要難，所以保持頭腦清醒和旺盛的斗志也至關(guān)重要。因此，考試前一天晚上的充足睡眠十分重要，可以在考場(chǎng)上保持敏銳、清醒的頭腦，這對(duì)提高速度和專注精力大有裨益！

技巧四：步驟

閱讀的步驟也十分重要。許多考生拿到文章之后從頭讀起，讀完再去一個(gè)一個(gè)選答案。這種方法十分傳統(tǒng)，叫整體閱讀法。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以有一種全局感或整體感。缺點(diǎn)是文章太長(zhǎng)，讀后細(xì)節(jié)記不住，再去找答案又費(fèi)勁又容易出錯(cuò)，許多細(xì)節(jié)都混淆在一起了，得分經(jīng)常不高。郭老師建議同學(xué)們用一下查找閱讀法：讀完第一段就做第一題。然后看第二個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的什么，帶著這個(gè)問(wèn)題去看第二段，然后是第三段、第四段，依此類推。（注意，有一種問(wèn)題可能此方法不太適用，那就是：主旨性問(wèn)題）。查找式閱讀法雖然把文章看得支離破碎，但得分往往很高，因?yàn)槟銊偪匆欢尉腿プ鲆坏李}，這樣記得住細(xì)節(jié)，抓得很準(zhǔn)，廣大考生不妨一試！

考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 1、什么是技巧？

什么是技巧呢，簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，技巧就是通過(guò)實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)出來(lái)的能夠?qū)ρ杆贉?zhǔn)確的確定正確答 案的具有通用性和普遍性的解題方法。

技巧絕不是天外來(lái)客，更不是上帝賜與的餡餅，她只是在實(shí)踐中通過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次摸爬滾打摔 打出來(lái)的必殺技。

任何脫離開(kāi)實(shí)踐的所謂“技巧”都只是水中之花、鏡中之月。

而如果這種技巧既使是經(jīng)過(guò)了實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn)，而不具有通用性和普遍性的話，那么這也不 是技巧，因?yàn)楸緯?shū)的宗旨是保證高分，而不是寄希望于通過(guò)某一道兩道題得出的一個(gè)沒(méi)有通 用性、普遍性和實(shí)用性的“技巧”。、技巧和實(shí)力

沒(méi)有會(huì)懷疑技巧和實(shí)力的關(guān)系，他們是相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)的。但是理論是一回事，應(yīng) 用到實(shí)踐又是一回事，正如當(dāng)年的馬克思主義，從理論上來(lái)說(shuō)是完美的，但是應(yīng)用到中國(guó)實(shí) 踐卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能解決問(wèn)題，如果不是毛澤東救中國(guó)于水火之中恐怕現(xiàn)在的好日子還沒(méi)有到來(lái)。所以說(shuō)盡管許多考生心里明明知道實(shí)力和技巧的關(guān)系，但應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐之中卻往往偏向了 不用費(fèi)太多氣力的技巧方面，這可能導(dǎo)致的后果就是使技巧失去實(shí)力的支撐變成了空中樓閣； 當(dāng)然也有考生根本不相信技巧，一味憑實(shí)力說(shuō)話，不過(guò)這也可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)后果就是為了成功 花費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間和精力，甚至可能影響其他專業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)，這不符合用最小的代價(jià)獲取最 大的成功的原則。

技巧的應(yīng)用必需以實(shí)力為基礎(chǔ)，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的道理就是如果你不能完全看懂考博閱讀理解 的短文，那么你如何保證你的選擇一定是正確的，你如何保證自己一定可以拿到閱讀滿分？ 保證英語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)？

本書(shū)絕不主張賭博，本書(shū)主張的是把成功、把命運(yùn)牢牢控制在自己手中！

②、技巧的兩大類——真技巧和偽技巧

這里技巧的分類是從是否有用是否為總則服務(wù)的角度來(lái)劃分的，有的技巧雖然聽(tīng)起來(lái)有 道理，但卻和總則（即直接依據(jù)是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）相背離，這樣的技巧在某些模擬題 中可能適用，但卻難以適應(yīng)難度更高的考博真題。所以技巧可以分為兩大類：實(shí)用的“真技 巧”和華而不實(shí)的“偽技巧”。

實(shí)用的“真技巧”指的是有助于迅速排除干擾項(xiàng)或澄清思維的方法，如在絕大多數(shù)情況 下符合短文中心思想的選擇項(xiàng)都是正確的選擇，除非有題問(wèn)陷阱的干擾項(xiàng)。

華而不實(shí)的“偽技巧”是指從個(gè)別題目而來(lái)或從字面分析得來(lái)的不具有普遍性的，似乎 帶有某種規(guī)律性的方法。如許多考博高手宣揚(yáng)的“ some 判斷法”，認(rèn)為選項(xiàng)中只要出現(xiàn)了含 有“ some ”一詞的選項(xiàng)就一定是對(duì)的。而這的確在前幾年的考博真題中得到了驗(yàn)證，或者說(shuō) 因?yàn)檎骖}而總結(jié)出了這樣一個(gè)“規(guī)律”，但這卻僅僅是一種偶合，而不是真正放之任何真題都 適用的規(guī)律性的技巧，所以連續(xù)幾年來(lái)的考博閱讀真題中很少出現(xiàn)“ some ”這個(gè)單詞，既使 出現(xiàn)也是作為一種人為的有意識(shí)的干擾項(xiàng)。

再比如說(shuō)，筆者也絕不相信某些大師所說(shuō)的是“體現(xiàn)否定的是答案”這一類粗糙的技巧，因?yàn)檫@些技巧根本來(lái)說(shuō)都是從答案導(dǎo)技巧，而不是從技巧導(dǎo)答案，一旦沒(méi)有推導(dǎo)出來(lái)，他們 也可能自園其說(shuō)。但筆者卻信奉的以技巧來(lái)驗(yàn)證答案的準(zhǔn)確與否，而絕非從（偶然的）答案 推導(dǎo)不實(shí)用的偽技巧。任何人都可以從給定的答案說(shuō)出一大篇道理來(lái)，但如果給定一道題目，大多數(shù)人卻無(wú)法從他們的這些技巧推導(dǎo)處正確答案，其結(jié)果只能是誤人子弟、毀人前途了。所以從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)，實(shí)用的“真技巧”是放之四海皆準(zhǔn)的解題思路，退一萬(wàn)不說(shuō)，既使 她沒(méi)有起到應(yīng)有的作用她也絕不會(huì)害人，絕不會(huì)干擾你自身實(shí)力的發(fā)揮。而華而不實(shí)的“偽 技巧”既使蒙對(duì)了也是運(yùn)氣，而一旦運(yùn)氣離開(kāi)了你，那你的前途就握在了不可知的上帝手里，而不會(huì)在你自己手里了。

③、不可不知的實(shí)用技巧、“中道”——技巧應(yīng)用的核心

我們以 1996 年的一道考博真題為例：

The best title for this passage might be ____.{A} Inventive Mind {B} Effective Schooling {C} Ways of Thinking

{D} Outpuring of Tnventions

什么是中道呢，就是既不前進(jìn)半步也不會(huì)退后半步，一個(gè)詞“恰當(dāng)”。對(duì)于這個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，選項(xiàng) B 和 D 范圍太窄太具體，而選項(xiàng) C 范圍太寬，顯然進(jìn)一步到 C 落下懸崖，退一步到 B 或 D 掉進(jìn)陷阱，恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)中心思想的只有 A。所以說(shuō)對(duì)于技巧的應(yīng)用也是一樣，太左或太右都是絕不可取的。、“正確≠答案”——大多數(shù)考生的誤區(qū)

我們以 1993 年的一道考博真題為例：

The passage is mainly about ____.{A} an approach to patents {B} the application for patents {C} the use of patents {D} the access to patents

從全篇短文來(lái)看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有道理，可以說(shuō)都是對(duì)的。但是正確絕不是最優(yōu)，而大多數(shù) 考生往往面對(duì)這種局面不知所措，難以從中選出正確的選項(xiàng)。上述的例子還只是比較簡(jiǎn)單的 比較，偏重于四個(gè)單詞的細(xì)微區(qū)別，而現(xiàn)在考博的難度日益加大，這種正確不等于最優(yōu)的選 項(xiàng)絕對(duì)會(huì)越來(lái)越多，分辯將會(huì)越來(lái)說(shuō)難，所以在看懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上時(shí)不是在心里提個(gè)醒，別 一小心掉進(jìn)了陷阱。3、“主旨≈答案”——體現(xiàn)文章主旨的往往是答案，但要看清題問(wèn)中的陷阱

任何一篇文章都是圍繞著中心思想展開(kāi)論述的，所以說(shuō)既使是細(xì)節(jié)也往往是中心思想的 體現(xiàn)，不過(guò)也要小心題問(wèn)中的陷阱，正如前面所論述的題問(wèn)陷阱，有時(shí)候一不小心白白丟掉 兩分，豈不可惜？

我們以 1996 年的一道考博真題為例：

From the passage we can infer that ____.{A} reasoning has played a decisive role in the devate {B} creationists do not base their argument on reasoning {C} evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists {D} creationism is supported by scientific findings

首先我們應(yīng)當(dāng)看到本題考的是 infer，而不是字面含義的總結(jié)。本文的主題思想就是對(duì) creationists 的批判，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，只有 B 體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想，而且在文章中也有直 接的依據(jù)，所以答案只能是她了。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看看 1998 的一道真題：

What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ____.{A} ”It's no use crying over spilt milk“ {B} ”More haste, less speed“ {C} ”Look before you leap“

{D} ”He who laughs last laughs best“

這是一道非常典型的考文章中心思想的題目，選項(xiàng) A “覆水難收”，選項(xiàng) B “欲速則不達(dá)，心急吃不得熱豆腐”，選項(xiàng) C “三思而后行”，選項(xiàng) D “笑到最后才是最好”。本文的主題論述 的是建造大壩之前要多方考證，否則會(huì)帶來(lái)不良的后果。所以答案是 C。

如前所述，題問(wèn)陷阱是主題是答案的克星，前述例子中考的是“ currently ”而不是考

“ should、could ”，在應(yīng)試時(shí)更要小心。、“似是而非，半段正確”最可怕

我們先來(lái)看看 1998 年的一道真題：

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

{A} Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.{B} Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.{C} The ”more enlightened“ tend to tag others as antiscience.{D} Tagging environmentalists as ”antiscience“ is justifiable.這是一道設(shè)計(jì)非常巧妙的考題，據(jù)說(shuō)當(dāng)年答對(duì)本題的考生不到 5%，因?yàn)檫@道題考了太多 的細(xì)節(jié)，而且每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有似曾相識(shí)的感覺(jué)，更何況本題如果以中心思想來(lái)判斷的話是非 常難的，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中本身就暗藏著陷阱。本題的直接依據(jù)是文中的這樣一句話： But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay is US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest。

這里提醒所有考生注意一點(diǎn)：當(dāng)你感覺(jué)到每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)似乎都對(duì)、都不對(duì)的時(shí)候千萬(wàn)要回 頭再看看那些你認(rèn)為一定不正確的選項(xiàng)，也許一個(gè)小小的留意就可以讓你輕易拿到兩分，而 且是和別人拉開(kāi)差距的兩分。本題的關(guān)鍵是 A 項(xiàng)中的短語(yǔ) in an essay，這個(gè)隱藏在角落里的 小東西直接決定了答案是 A。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看看 1992 年的一道真題：

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ____.{A} prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface {B} mean a warming up in the Arctic {C} account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere {D} raise the temperature of the earth's surface

本題的答案是 D, 盡管 D 看起來(lái)太短了一點(diǎn)太直接了一點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)令許多大師高手認(rèn)為的 答案應(yīng)當(dāng)復(fù)雜化深刻化的感覺(jué)不快。我們現(xiàn)在看看為什么 C 不對(duì)，因?yàn)?C 也有直接依據(jù)： Also, the increase in atmospheric would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possible resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones。因?yàn)?carbon dioxide 導(dǎo)致 raise the temperature of the earth's surface，那當(dāng)然也可能導(dǎo)致 great changes in the climate。也就是說(shuō)單單從短文的角度來(lái)說(shuō)選項(xiàng) C 是正確的，不過(guò)短文中的 great changes in the climate 卻是未來(lái)的推測(cè)，不是現(xiàn)時(shí)的影響，所以選項(xiàng) C 是一個(gè)似是而非不符 合題意的選項(xiàng)，錯(cuò)。、“近義替換≠照抄原文”——照抄原文含義膚淺的選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)，但有時(shí)表面膚淺而內(nèi)涵深刻的選項(xiàng)卻是答案

我們可以想見(jiàn)，出題者的目的是設(shè)定最難的系數(shù)，讓考生無(wú)從適從，而絕不會(huì)輕易的送 給你兩分，那么從反面來(lái)說(shuō)，那些照抄原文的、僅僅是從字面推導(dǎo)的膚淺的意思的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng) 不會(huì)是答案。但是我們?cè)谔幚磉@個(gè)技巧的時(shí)候，要記住任何時(shí)候“依據(jù)”都是處于絕對(duì)的最 高的位置的，所以正確的選項(xiàng)又絕對(duì)不能脫離開(kāi)“依據(jù)”，所以往往“近義替換”的選項(xiàng)是答案。

我們先來(lái)看看 1993 年的一道真題：

From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.{A} who are at the bottom of the society {B} who are higher up in their social status

{C} who prove better than their fellow-compeitors

{D} who could keep far away from this competitive world

顯然選項(xiàng) A、B、C 不僅是并列項(xiàng)，而且太具體、太片面、含義太膚淺，相對(duì)而言，選項(xiàng) D 含義深刻，而且和“直接依據(jù)”中的“ competitor ”表達(dá)的意思是近義替換，所以答案就是 她了。

不過(guò)有時(shí)也有特例，我們?cè)賮?lái)看看 1999 年的一道有點(diǎn)意思的真題：

It seems that some young scientists ____.{A} have a keen interest in prediction {B} often speculate on the future {C} think highly of creative thinking {D} stick to ”scientific method“

本題考的直接依據(jù)是文中的這樣一句話： In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the ”scientific method“ a substitute for imaginative though。在這里筆者并不想討論答案的原委，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng) A、B 和 C 是三個(gè)并列項(xiàng)，一對(duì)皆對(duì)、一錯(cuò)皆錯(cuò)，所以答案是 D。筆者想要說(shuō)的卻是盡管如此簡(jiǎn)單的題 可還是有大量考生在考試中答錯(cuò)了，為什么呢？因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為 scientific method 是照抄的原文，似乎太簡(jiǎn)單而直接，但卻沒(méi)有看到這依然是一種最接近原文的近義替換，所以他們不僅沒(méi)有想到如此，而且拋開(kāi)了“直接依據(jù)是答案的唯一最終標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的總則，最終飲恨不已。

表面膚淺而內(nèi)涵深刻的例子還有一點(diǎn)，比如剛剛在上面舉的這個(gè)例子 {D} raise the temperature of the earth's surface，看起來(lái)似乎太簡(jiǎn)單了一點(diǎn)，可她恰恰就是你的追求。所以 在技巧的應(yīng)用過(guò)程中要細(xì)心體察“近義替換”和“照抄原文”的區(qū)別，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。、“送分主題”——主題性問(wèn)題中必然有一個(gè)“范圍太寬”的選項(xiàng)和兩個(gè)“范圍太窄” 的選項(xiàng)

正如我們?cè)凇爸械馈薄盐占记傻年P(guān)鍵中已經(jīng)看到了的，在輕易排除兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之后往 往會(huì)在含義相近的一對(duì)選項(xiàng)中選擇，緊扣中心思想不偏不倚的才是答案。所以從某種意義上 來(lái)說(shuō)，主題性問(wèn)題就是送分的題目。

我們來(lái)看看 1991 的一道真題：

This passage is mainly about ____.{A} the functions of carbon dioxide and water {B} the role of water in a growing plant {C} the process of simple sugar formation {D} the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide

這是一個(gè)典型的主題判斷題，選項(xiàng) A 范圍太寬，選項(xiàng) C 和 D 只是文章論述的兩個(gè)方面，和主題相比顯得太具體，所以答案在 B。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看看 1994 年的一道真題：

What is this passage mainly about?

{A} Approaches to the commercial use of computers.{B} Conveniences brought about by computers in business.{C} Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.{D} Advantages of credit cards in business.這也是一個(gè)比較典型的題目，不同的只是選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的稍微復(fù)雜一些。選項(xiàng) A 只是短文所 論述的一個(gè)方面，過(guò)于片面化。選項(xiàng) C 的重點(diǎn)是 automation 顯然范圍大于文章的重點(diǎn) computers，范圍太寬，而選項(xiàng) D 顯然范圍過(guò)小，只是 credit cards，所以可以迅速斷定答案 是 B。、順序出題：“后發(fā)”、“先發(fā)”不會(huì)是答案

我們來(lái)看看 1995 年的一道真題：

When the author says ”a new way of being“(Line 4,Para 3)he is referring to ____.{A} a new approach to experiencing the world {B} a new way of taking risks

{C} a new method of perceiving ourselves {D} a new system of adaptation to change

比較而言，選項(xiàng) B 包含在選項(xiàng) A 之中，選項(xiàng) C 沒(méi)有依據(jù)，選項(xiàng) D 在所考語(yǔ)句之后相隔 太遠(yuǎn)的地方出現(xiàn)，從文法上來(lái)說(shuō)和所考點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)，即“后發(fā)”不會(huì)是答案。

同樣的道理，如果選項(xiàng)中有的和所考語(yǔ)句相隔太前的話，這樣的選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是答案，比方說(shuō)所考語(yǔ)句在第三自然段，而選項(xiàng) A 的出處在第一自然段，那么選項(xiàng) A 一般不會(huì)是解。

因?yàn)檫@體現(xiàn)了出題者“順序出題”的思路，通常而言，考博閱讀理解題問(wèn)的設(shè)置，尤其 是細(xì)節(jié)題絕對(duì)是按照短文順序出題的，而絕不會(huì)是第一題考最后一段，第二題又跳回來(lái)考第 一段。這也是“先發(fā)”、“后發(fā)”不是答案的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。

不過(guò)既使如此，技巧也有相對(duì)性和例外性，如 2001 年的一道真題：

The direct reason for specialization is ____.{A} the development in communication {B} the growth of professionalisation {C} the expansion of scientific knowledge {D} the splitting up of academic societies

本題答案 C 對(duì)應(yīng)的并不是最后幾個(gè)自然段，其直接依據(jù)是短文的第一段： Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge。這顯然和“后發(fā)”非答案有矛盾，不過(guò)它體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想，也不無(wú)道理。所以在應(yīng)試中要仔細(xì)考慮、思量，務(wù)必不要放走任何一個(gè)。、“窘境”——當(dāng)選項(xiàng)模擬兩可的時(shí)候如何把握最優(yōu)

這是所有考生都遇到過(guò)的情況，所有的選項(xiàng)都看起來(lái)似乎是對(duì)的，如何確定答案呢？這 時(shí)就要極其小心的根據(jù)“直接依據(jù)”進(jìn)行“比較”，體察選項(xiàng)之間的細(xì)微區(qū)別，這樣才能立于不敗之地。

我們來(lái)看看 1997 年的一道真題：

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? {A} Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.{B} Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.{C} Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.{D} Steve Ross is no longer alive.因?yàn)檫@道題考的是第二、第三兩個(gè)大自然段的細(xì)節(jié)題，所以在緊張的考場(chǎng)上很難迅速找 到每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的直接依據(jù)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看起來(lái)都正確但似乎又都有問(wèn)題，這個(gè)時(shí)候的比較是非 常重要的，仔細(xì)看來(lái)，選項(xiàng) A、B 和短文中的直接依據(jù)恰好相反，選項(xiàng) C 中的 united as one 在短文中沒(méi)有根據(jù)支持，現(xiàn)在只剩下了選項(xiàng) D，初看起來(lái) D 在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中是最象“壞蛋”的，但此時(shí)比較的結(jié)果是必須給予它直接的依據(jù)，結(jié)果在文中找到這樣一句話： At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992。用即讀即 譯閱讀短文時(shí)對(duì)于 late 的理解可以是“過(guò)去的、上一任的、已故的”意思，在無(wú)法給予選項(xiàng) A、B、C 以充分的依據(jù)的情況下，比較而言 D 更有道理。應(yīng)當(dāng)是最優(yōu)答案。果然如此。

④、應(yīng)當(dāng)了解的輔助判斷技巧、難度系數(shù)——最難的往往是答案

這本身就是考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解和其他任何英語(yǔ)考試的不同點(diǎn)，考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的難度 是深層次的、內(nèi)涵性的，它既不同于四六級(jí)的直接，而不同于托福只是考察大量單詞的掌握 情況，所以考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的關(guān)竅或者說(shuō)陷阱特別多，這就是難的體現(xiàn)。

難度的體現(xiàn)在于難于理解、難于推導(dǎo)、難于比較、難以在文章中找到直接依據(jù)??出題 者的思路是首先確定一個(gè)正確答案，當(dāng)然這種答案絕不是你一眼就能看出的，然后圍繞這個(gè) 最難的答案設(shè)置其他三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，所以說(shuō)，當(dāng)你覺(jué)得拿不定主意的時(shí)候不妨用這個(gè)小技巧判 斷一下。

不過(guò)即便判斷是正確的，它也只能作為一種輔助的判斷方式。為什么說(shuō)只是一種輔助判 斷呢？因?yàn)樗械妮o助判斷的目的在于當(dāng)你無(wú)法迅速找到答案、或者找到了答案但心存疑慮 的時(shí)候，能夠給你以證明，除此之外單獨(dú)使用這些技巧是毫無(wú)意義的。、太具體的、絕對(duì)性的、太極端的選項(xiàng)一般不是答案，抽象的、概括性的、中庸的可

能是答案 這也只是一個(gè)輔助性的判斷技巧，因?yàn)槌龊跻馔獾睦右灿胁簧?。上面這個(gè)技巧符合難 度原則，太具體、太極端、太絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)一眼就可以看出，如果她就是答案，豈不是太簡(jiǎn)單 了一點(diǎn)？所以出題者往往喜好那些抽象一點(diǎn)的、概括一些的、中庸一些的選項(xiàng)。

不過(guò)太抽象、太概括、太中庸的也未必是答案，尤其是主題性的題問(wèn)。一旦太概括，超出了本文的范圍，就是“范圍太泛”，泛則濫矣。、語(yǔ)義消極的一般不是答案，語(yǔ)義積極的選項(xiàng)機(jī)率更大

我不知道這是不是象某些大師高手所說(shuō)的那樣要注重對(duì)考生的教育，所以選項(xiàng)一般是積 極的，因?yàn)樗x的文章內(nèi)容一般都是中性和積極的。不過(guò)這的確可以在一些考博真題中得到 驗(yàn)證。

在這里我需要提醒考生的是在短文的閱讀過(guò)程中要特別注意語(yǔ)氣的變化，尤其是當(dāng)作者 話風(fēng)一改，由贊揚(yáng)變成批判、由消極變成積極的時(shí)候，因?yàn)檫@往往意味著出題者的考點(diǎn)。

不過(guò)語(yǔ)義消極的也未必一定就是干擾項(xiàng)，比如說(shuō) 1993 年的一道真題：

The word ”plagiarize“(Line 9, Para.5)most probably means ”____“.{A} steal and use {B} give reward to {C} make public {D} take and change 從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，選項(xiàng) B 和 C 偏重于褒義，選項(xiàng) D 是中性的選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng) A 顯然是貶義，所以許多考生選擇的結(jié)果是 C 或 D，但這道題的答案恰恰是語(yǔ)義消極的選項(xiàng) A。所以說(shuō)，任 何技巧都有相對(duì)性，尤其是輔助判斷選項(xiàng)。、正確答案一般隱藏于反義、近義、相似的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之中，除非兩項(xiàng)都是干擾項(xiàng)

這方面的例子舉不勝舉，因?yàn)樵O(shè)置一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)對(duì)于出題者來(lái)說(shuō)也不是一件輕松的工作，設(shè)置的原則往往是設(shè)置一個(gè)和答案相似、相反、近義的選項(xiàng)，所以正確的答案往往隱藏于這 些項(xiàng)目之中。

除非兩項(xiàng)都是干擾項(xiàng)，這個(gè)道理也很好理解，因?yàn)槌鲱}者要設(shè)置一對(duì)干擾項(xiàng)也不是一件 輕松的工作，這需要耗費(fèi)大量的腦力才能設(shè)置一對(duì)有相當(dāng)難度和品味的干擾項(xiàng)。對(duì)于同義項(xiàng) 的判斷是極其簡(jiǎn)單的，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)干擾項(xiàng)同義，當(dāng)然不是完全意思一樣，只是裙帶關(guān)系。如果 選項(xiàng) A 對(duì)那么選項(xiàng) B 也一定對(duì)，所以選項(xiàng) A 和 B 一定都錯(cuò)。

明了這個(gè)小技巧的目的在于提高答題的速度和準(zhǔn)確率，尤其是速度。

⑤、辯證及綜合應(yīng)用技巧

前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)了許多關(guān)于技巧如何應(yīng)用的話，現(xiàn)在筆者來(lái)重新總結(jié)一下：在任何時(shí)候考生 都要記住一個(gè)自明的原則，那就是技巧應(yīng)應(yīng)時(shí)、應(yīng)地、應(yīng)人而根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)使用，如果把 技巧當(dāng)作一個(gè)僵化的、一成不變的東西，那么技巧作為一把雙刃劍可能傷害的就是你自身。另一個(gè)原則就是任何技巧都是為了“直接依據(jù)是真理的最終判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”這個(gè)總則服務(wù)的，絕對(duì)不能本末倒至。

最后，技巧的辯證應(yīng)用還在于在解題的過(guò)程中要綜合應(yīng)用多種技巧進(jìn)行多方判斷，尤其 是心有疑慮的時(shí)候。

我們還是以上述的 1995 年的一道真題為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：

When the author says ”a new way of being“(Line 4,Para 3)he is referring to ____.{A} a new approach to experiencing the world {B} a new way of taking risks

{C} a new method of perceiving ourselves {D} a new system of adaptation to change 技巧應(yīng)用：

選項(xiàng) A 和選項(xiàng) B 是相似項(xiàng)，從范圍來(lái)看，B 包含在 A 之中；

選項(xiàng) A 和選項(xiàng) B 相比 A 更加抽象、更加概括，B 偏重于具體經(jīng)歷；

選項(xiàng) C 在短文中沒(méi)有直接依據(jù)，似是而非；

選項(xiàng) D 的依據(jù)相距太遠(yuǎn)，“后發(fā)”不是答案。

綜合判斷：選項(xiàng) A 是答案。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看看 1994 年的一道真題：

The author implies that by the year 2000, ____.{A} there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients {B} 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living

{C} the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers {D} there won't be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 技巧應(yīng)用：

看清題問(wèn)，題問(wèn)問(wèn)的是 author implies，千萬(wàn)要完全忘記“真我”的干擾；

選項(xiàng) A 和選項(xiàng) B 都是對(duì)具體事物的描述，表面化，沒(méi)有難度，如果選項(xiàng) A 是答案那么沒(méi) 有理由選項(xiàng) B 不是答案，所以選項(xiàng) A、B 一般不是答案；這里不要匆忙下結(jié)論，必須看完所有選項(xiàng)再做出判斷；

選項(xiàng) C 隱藏著一個(gè)選項(xiàng)陷阱 fairly even，這個(gè)小小的東西使得 C 在文中沒(méi)有依據(jù)的支撐，一定不是答案；

選項(xiàng) D 體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)段落的整個(gè)中心思想，而且有直接依據(jù)的支撐，所以是答案。

這里需要注意的是本題考的是復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句的理解，所以在即讀即譯的時(shí)候要仔細(xì)看清復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句的意思，這樣可以迅速做出判斷。

最后，我們來(lái)看看 1999 年的一道真題：

We learn from the last paragraph that ____.{A} pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce {B} interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers {C} leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago

{D} setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power 技巧應(yīng)用：

選項(xiàng) A 體現(xiàn)了所考自然段的中心思想，似乎她應(yīng)當(dāng)是所求，但是題問(wèn)中用了一個(gè)誤導(dǎo)性的詞 essential，所以至少選項(xiàng) A 和實(shí)際情況有出入；

選項(xiàng) B 表面上來(lái)看照抄了大量原文，懷疑不是答案；

選項(xiàng) C 與直接依據(jù)不符合；

選項(xiàng) D 在文中沒(méi)有任何依據(jù)，雖然可以憑“自我”推斷出來(lái)，但一定錯(cuò)；

回頭再比較選項(xiàng) A 和 B, 選項(xiàng) A 雖然體現(xiàn)了段中心，但畢竟總則是“直接依據(jù)是唯一最終 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，所以本題的答案是 B。

五、完美的答題流程——使閱讀滿分握在你手

綜上所述，我們可以制定出一個(gè)相對(duì)完美的答題流程：

①、先看懂所有題問(wèn)和選項(xiàng)的含義，劃出關(guān)鍵詞；

②、“即讀即譯”看短文，搜索關(guān)鍵詞的同時(shí)注意轉(zhuǎn)折、強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣詞以及對(duì)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句、超 綱詞的理解，沒(méi)完全看懂的地方一定要作出記號(hào)（真我）；

③、做題，對(duì)應(yīng)短文中的關(guān)鍵詞處查找；如果有拿不準(zhǔn)的選項(xiàng)，一定要在短文處和題問(wèn) 處前后對(duì)照，并且每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)一定要在文中找到證明其對(duì)錯(cuò)的直接依據(jù)。萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能憑自己的 主觀臆斷而不在文中查找直接依據(jù)（忘我），尤其是當(dāng)你左右為難的時(shí)候千萬(wàn)不能草率的認(rèn)定 某項(xiàng)一定錯(cuò)，要前后多斟酌；

④、當(dāng)選項(xiàng)或短文中不懂的生詞難以理解、或選項(xiàng)難以用直接依據(jù)區(qū)分其細(xì)微差別的時(shí) 候，這時(shí)可以運(yùn)用實(shí)用技巧以及輔助技巧進(jìn)行綜合判斷，以從另一個(gè)角度驗(yàn)證答案的正確性。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是：

①、必須養(yǎng)成一遍看懂全文的習(xí)慣，但應(yīng)試時(shí)的“即讀即譯”以泛譯為主，以理解為目 的，在保證理解的前提下盡可能提高閱讀的速度；

②、通常來(lái)說(shuō)，細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)應(yīng)于短文中具體的話語(yǔ)，概括題對(duì)應(yīng)于中心句或全文的語(yǔ)氣基調(diào)（體現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣詞），即便要推論也只能從短文中的具體語(yǔ)句展開(kāi)，而不能從“常識(shí)”展開(kāi)；

③、不要陷入純技巧的誤區(qū)，只有在看懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上技巧才有真正的用武之地，畢竟 本書(shū)的目的是保證滿分，而不是用技巧進(jìn)行賭博，既使是賭博也沒(méi)有誰(shuí)能夠輸?shù)闷鸬摹Ｋ?說(shuō)即便是那些實(shí)用性更強(qiáng)的技巧也是為“直接依據(jù)”服務(wù)的，絕不能顛倒主次。技巧只是提 升速度和增加準(zhǔn)確率，但技巧本身不是速度，更不是準(zhǔn)確率。

不過(guò)，為了讓閱讀理解的滿分牢牢握在自己手里，除了一個(gè)完美的答題流程之外，你還 需要注意以下的細(xì)節(jié)：

①、信心：要時(shí)刻相信自己絕對(duì)不是平庸的人，自己絕對(duì)應(yīng)該是屬于超越平凡人的那一 類人。而且當(dāng)你仔細(xì)研究了歷年閱讀理解的真題之后，你本身也一會(huì)具有那種覺(jué)得洞悉一切 真諦的信心；

②、心態(tài)：欲速則不達(dá)，尤其在枯燥而相對(duì)漫長(zhǎng)的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中。所以這時(shí)候的心態(tài)非常 重要，你必需要有自己的相對(duì)固定的學(xué)習(xí)方法，不能因?yàn)閯e人的影響而輕易改變自己的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，除非經(jīng)過(guò)全面的考證覺(jué)得應(yīng)該改進(jìn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法、調(diào)整自己的復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)度；

③、毅力：克制住自己的欲望和惰性，人都有一個(gè)驅(qū)樂(lè)避苦的本性，在神與動(dòng)物的漫長(zhǎng) 的直線兩頭，你克制自己的欲望越多，你就會(huì)上升向著神的方向（在這里，神的方向至少也 是成功的方向）前進(jìn)的更多，而你放縱自己的越多的時(shí)候，也是你越墮落的時(shí)候；

④、實(shí)力：實(shí)力是一個(gè)相對(duì)的東西，而且只有在你具備了信心、心態(tài)、毅力之后你的實(shí) 力才會(huì)穩(wěn)步上升，而實(shí)力和技巧是決定是否能夠拿到閱讀滿分的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)；

⑤、臨場(chǎng)狀態(tài)：只有考慮到每一點(diǎn)微小的細(xì)節(jié)，準(zhǔn)備到十分的充分，這樣才能調(diào)整到自 己的狀態(tài)接近到一個(gè)巔峰的狀態(tài)，這時(shí)你想的絕對(duì)不會(huì)是英語(yǔ)及格的問(wèn)題，而是擊敗所有對(duì) 手，取得絕頂成績(jī)的問(wèn)題。

以上說(shuō)了這么多，也許有的考生會(huì)覺(jué)得有些高不可攀，其實(shí)本書(shū)所述的都是經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐證 明的大實(shí)話，因?yàn)榭疾┦侨松囊粋€(gè)偉大轉(zhuǎn)折，只有各方面考慮周全才能取得最好的成績(jī)、上最好的院校。考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解也一樣，只有也只要完全做到了上述的幾個(gè)基本條件，那么滿分就一定會(huì)牢牢握在你的手中！

關(guān)于詞匯問(wèn)題（Vocabu1ary）

詞匯（Vocabulary）是四級(jí)閱讀理解測(cè)試中非常重要的一項(xiàng)。詞匯類其實(shí)也是就細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所不同的是這是唯一關(guān)于詞或詞組的練習(xí)項(xiàng)目，詞匯題往往要求對(duì)文章中的某個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)甚至句子等找出近義詞或最合適的解釋。解答這類題需要學(xué)生擁有較大的詞匯量?？墒?，單詞記憶似乎已成為學(xué)生普遍反映最頭痛的難題。閱讀理解中詞匯類問(wèn)題的常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有下列幾種：

(1)According to the author ,the word ”…“means_______.(2)Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ”…“?

(3)The term ”..“in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….(4)What's the meaning of ”…“in line …of paragraph….?

(5)As used in the line …, the word ”…“refers to _______.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在文章的閱讀中解決釋義的最鄧辦法是猜測(cè)詞義。猜測(cè)詞義也需要一定的技巧，可以通過(guò)1)上下文間意義的聯(lián)系；2）同義關(guān)系，反義關(guān)系；3）詞的定義；4）對(duì)詞的解釋和舉例；5）構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。

1.利用上下文詞語(yǔ)意義的互相聯(lián)系猜測(cè)詞義 Example : The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks.They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles' eggs

我們從上下文中可以得出以下信息：”canoes“是一種漁夫用樹(shù)木做的、來(lái)回于島嶼之間的、輕狹長(zhǎng)的、類似于小船之類的東西。盡管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋，但這一生詞已經(jīng)不會(huì)影響我們的閱讀和理解了。Example ：

Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people.”Jogging“的意思通過(guò)”a good exercise for old people “可以推斷出是一種適合老年人的劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。

2.利用文章中詞與詞的同義和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

Example :

If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight.You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something 在文章中可以很容易地判斷出”witnesss“的同義關(guān)系詞是”seen“,因此”witness“就是看見(jiàn)的意思。

Example : In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry.顯然，冬天和夏天的氣候是截然相反的，它們的修飾詞的意思也應(yīng)該截然相反。”cold“與”hot“對(duì)應(yīng)，”humid“與”dry“對(duì)應(yīng)。因此，”humid“是”潮濕" 意思。

第五篇：學(xué)位英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

閱讀理解

Among all the animals,the ape is most like human beings….1.What does the fist paragraph tell us? The ape looks like human beings most.2.Which of the following sentences is TRUE? Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.3.Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because They like to move from place to place in search of more food.4.Among the three kinds of apes, the gorilla is the biggest.5.The last paragraph tells us that the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children.Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age wee H.A.W….1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT ? because Tabor became its leading citizen.2.The word”grubstake”in paragraph 2 means ? to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered.3.Tabor made his first fortune ? by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings.4.The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is ? based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site.5.If this passage is the first part of an article,WHOmight be introduced in the folling part ? Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines….1.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage? To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.2.It can be inferred from the passage

that the drop in Amrrak ridership was due to the fact that ? trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation.3.To encourage consumers to travel by

train,DDB Needham emphasized ? the adventurous aspects of train trips.4.The train ads were placed among

family-oriented TV programs involving

nature

and

America

because ? most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences.5.According to the passsage,the

Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ? the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised.As regards social conventions,we must say a word about the….1.The middle class mainly refers to

people ? who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions.2.The

most

obvious

difference between the working class and the middle

class

in

English

is

their ?accent

3.Why isn’t the word”sir”commonly

used in Britain ? because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.4.The”upper class”in England today ?

includes the hereditary aristocracy 5.Which of the following is not true

about the English class system ? Working-class

students

cannot

receive a unibersity education.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international maike….1.According to the passage,which of

the following is true? Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.2.According to the author,the model of

Pepsi ? is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.3.The two schools of thought ? admit

the existence of cultural diversity in business world.4.This article is supposed to be most

useful for those ? who want to run business on International Scale 5.According to Fortune,successful

international companies ? all have the quality of patience

“Family” is of course an elastic word.But when British people say that….1.What does the author mean

by”Family is of course an elastic word”? Different definitions could be given to the word.2.For an English family,the husband’s

duty is? Financial while the wife is running the home.3.Everything is decided in a family? By

the couple.4.What is TRUE concerning the book

Pride and Prejudice? It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.5.With regard to marriage in

Britain,present day girls differ from

former time girls in? social position.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory….1.Which of the following is TRUE

about memory? It connects our past experiences with the present.2.According to the passage,memory

is helpful in one’s life in the following aspects EXCEPT that? it warns people not to do things repeatedly.3.What is the author’s view about

computers and human beings in terms of intelligence? Human beings are far superior to computers.4.What is the major characteristic of

man’s memory capacity according to the author? It can be expanded by language.5.Human beings make themselves

different from other animals by? Having a far greater memory capacity.Long after the 1998World Cup was won,disappointed fans were still….1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ? analyze the causes of errors made by football referees.2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ? quite unexpected.3.The findings of the experiment show that ? errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball.4.The word”officials”most probably refers to ? the referees of the football tournament.5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experimen? Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.Most Shoplifters agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities….1.January is a good month for shoplifters because? There are so many people in the store.2.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended? To make films that can be used as evidence 3.The case last October was important because ? knew that the detective had seen her 4.The woman stealing perfume ? guessed what the sputniks were for.5.The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she ? was afraid she would be arrested More and more,the operations of our business, governments,and financial….1.It can be concluded from the passage that ? computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions.2.It is implied in the third paragraph that ? many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage ? Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.4.The underlying reason for the

comuter criminals to get

recommendations he needs is that ? the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court.5.What may happen to computer

criminals once they are caught ? They may walk away and easily find another job.Material culture refers to what can be seen,held,felt,used-what….1.Research into the material culture of

a nation is of great importance because? it helps understand the nation’s past and present.2.It can be learned from this passage

that? Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.3.According to the author,music

notation is important because? is has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it.4.It can be concluded from the

passage that the introuduction of electronic media into the world of music? Has given rise to new forms of music culture.5.Which of the following best

summarizes the main idea of the passage? The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.President

Coolidge’s

statement,”The

business of America is business,”….1.The statement”The business of

America

is

business”probably

means ? Business is of primary concern to Americans.2.Americans believe that they can

realize their personal values only ? by way of competition.3.Who can benefit from business

competition? Both businessmen and their custmers.4.Government is believed to differ

strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ? its absolute control of power.5.It can be inferred from the passage

that the author believes ? in many countries success often depends on one’s social status.Sixteen years ago,Eileen Doyle’s husband,an engineer,took his….1.When her husband left home,Eileen

Doyle?could not understand why.2.Most people who leave their families

behind them? Do so without warning.3.The man or woman left behind

usually? Feels embarrassed and useless.4.Paul Brown regards leaving home in

such circumstances as? An act of selfishness.5.The Salvation Army believes that?

some women never give their men another chance.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching an learning….1.The problem with the reading course

as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ? too much time is spent in teaching about reading.2.The teaching of reading will be

successful if ? teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading.3.The word”scrutiny”most probably

means” “ ? observation

4.According to the passage,learning

to read will no longer be a difficult task when ? children become highly motivated.5.The main idea of the pasage is that ?

reading ability is something acquired rather than taught.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer….1.The passage is mainly concerned

with ? the attraction of baseball.2.Those who don’t like baseball may

complain that ? it is not exciting enough.3.The author admits that ? baseball may seem boring when boring when watched on TV.4.By stating ‘I could have had my eyes closed.”the author means ? Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago,it could make no difference to the result.5.We can safely conclude that the author ? like baseball The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages….1.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside? Cottages with thatched roofs.2.What do we know about thatching as a craft ? It is in most cases handed down among family members.3.Thatched houses are still preferred because of ? their style and comfort 4.People in developing countries also live under thatch because ? thatched roof houses are the cheapest 5.We can learn from the passage that ? the English people have a special liking for thatched houses The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist….1.The passage is mainly about ? a possible cause of aircraft crashes.2.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years ?They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.3.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because ? most passengers refuse to take a palne which bans the use of radio and cassette players.4.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’s computers ? Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.5.It can be inferred from the passage

that the author ? hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problem.Today,there many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education….] 1.According to the passage,which of

the folling is NOT a disadvantage of part time education? It requires some bread in one’s career.2.Which of the following isNOT an

advantage of distance learning? Their tutorial assistance comes through

regular

airmail,telephone,facsimile machine,etc.3.What benefit will distance learning

rogram bring to a business? Includes subject evaluation tool

4.Good distance learning program

have the following characteristic EXCEPT?

Professor-student

relationship is srictly one to one all through the course.5.What benefit will distance learning

bring to an employee of a business? Professional growth

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative….1.Advertising

can

persuade

the

cosumer to buy worthless products by ? appealing to his bying motives.2.The

reason

why

the

bread

advertisement is misleading is that ? the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same.3.The passage tells us that ?

sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsl.4.It can be inferred from the passage

that a smart consumer should ? think carefully

about

the

benefits

described in the advertisements.5.The passage is mainly about ? the

positive and negative aspects of advertising.The

rise

of

multinational corporations,global marketing,new communications….1.According

to

the

passage,U.S.leadership in public relations

is

being

threatened

because of ? increased efforts of other countries in public relations.2.London could soon replace New

York as the center of Prbecause ? British

conpanies

place more importance on

PR

than

U.S.companies.3.The word”provincial”most probably

means” “ ?limited in out look 4.We learn from the third paragraph

that employees in the American PR industry ? are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts.5.What lesson might the PR industry

take from Ted Turner of CNN? American

PR

industry

should

develop global communications technologies.The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities…..1.One explanation for the different

character of English people is that? they are geographically isolated from the European continent.2.The word “inhibited” in this passage

probably means?unable to express and relax freely.3.According to the passage,on

entering a railway compartment,an overseas visitor is expected to? Shake hands with all the passengers.4.The English way of commenting on

something or somebody suggests that? the English tend to dispay less emotion than they feel.5.What does the passage mainly

discuss ? The different character of the Englishman and its reason.The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct.Or is it ? 1.The following is commonly known EXCEPT ? Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach.2.What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is ectinct ? The discovery of a live Coelacanth.3.What was special in their recorded sounds ? To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.4.What was special in their recorded sounds ? A strange, powerful animal sound was heard.5.What can be concluded from the passage ? Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.There are many ways of defining success,It is accurate to say….1.In the first paragraph,the author implies that ability and environment are essential in achieving success.2.The word”frugal”means thrifty 3.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because they are not rich enough by their own standards.4.The last paragraph implies that success means trying one’s best at what one really likes.5.This passage mainly talks about the definition of success.Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American…..1.The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with students who are either mentally or physically disabled.2.A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy.3.According to Professor Healey,we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts.4.The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is videodisc and special education.5.The word “impairment”probably means disability

When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own pribate space-ferry service….1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? Take Vacations in Space 2.The

phrase

“

berad-and-butter

business”most probably means the business to make a living

3.How much is the two-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington? $98000

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to

the

passage?The

government has little interests in this

project.5.What’s the author’s tone in the last sentence of the passage? Ironical What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home?....1.Americans enjoy fast food mainly

because? It is time-saving and convenient

2.It can be inferred that children? are

not good at using forks and knives while eating

3.Many Americans are eating out and

not cooking at home nowadays because? many of them live alone or don’t like taking trouble to cook.4.According to the text,a drive-in

window is a? window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car.5.The expressin”pitch in with”probably

means? help

While still in its early stages,welfare reform has already been judged a….1.From the passage,it can be seen that

the author? Considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful.2.Why aren’t people enjoying better

lives when they have jobs? Because their wages are low.3.What is worth noting from the

example of Athens County is that? Greater efforts should be made to improve people’s living standards.4.From the passage we know that

welfare reform aims at? Rebuilding the work ethic.5.According to the passage before the

welfare reform was carried out? the poor used to rely on government aid.When school was out,I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard….1.The tone of this passage as a whole

is ? reflective

2.The narrator had most probably

been placed in the C class because ? all children of transient laborers were placed in the C class

3.The basic reason why the people in

the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers ? were temporary residents.4.Which of the following is not

characteristic of Gypsies ? Make ginger ale in their house.5.Immediately after the narrator was

moved to the A class,what was the atttitude of Barbara and Barbara’s friends towards her? Acceptance While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising….1.According to the author,dramatic

changes took place in ?cities but not countryside of China.2.It can be inferred from the second

paragraph

that

?peasants

in

Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants taise more rice.3.The author was traveling to Wuhu ?in

order to visit his grandparents.4.The author’s grandparents ?live in

an apartment similar to westerners.5.Which of the following is the best

title for this passage ? Flash back to China.When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the english….1.In contrast to the earlier linguists,modern linguists tend to ? evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns 2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word”inflection”used in line 5 of paragraph 2?Chnges in the forms of words.3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.4.The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an)？linguist 5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage ? Our changing language.Why does cream go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they have the….1.The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that ? it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives.2.According to the researchers,cream souns fast than butter because bacteria ? multiply more easily in cream than in butter.3.According to Brocklehurst,we can keep cream fresh by ? altering its structure 4.The word”colonies”refers to ? bacteria communities.5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ? while retaining its form.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need….1.The main idea of this passage is that?

Lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem.2.According to the passage,”special

cases”refers to cases that? students never attended a school they listed on their application.3.We can infer from the passage that?

a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition.4.This passage implies that? society

should be greatly responsible for lying on applications.5.The word “phony”means? false