第一篇：2012年考博英語詞匯之一詞多意

2012年考博英語詞匯之一詞多意

Process(54次)

【熟義熟性】n.過程，進程

【真題例句】 The costs of globalization process is enormous.[2001閱讀Text4,65題C選項] 【經(jīng)典譯文】全球化進程的代價是巨大的。

【僻義熟性】n.程序，方法

【真題例句】 Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work in truly extreme cases.（2003閱讀Text3）

【經(jīng)典譯文】托運人如果覺得被索要高價，他們就可以向聯(lián)邦政府的路面運輸委員會申訴，以獲得價格減免。但這個程序費錢、費時，而且只有在極端情況下才可行。

【僻義僻性】vt.加工，處理

【真題例句】Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.[2007年閱讀新題型] 【經(jīng)典譯文】玩計算機游戲可以獲得立即的滿足。連續(xù)看幾個小時的喜劇電視節(jié)目只能教會孩子消極的處理信息。

【辨析】process, procedure, proceedings.三個詞構(gòu)詞方法相同pro向前+cess/ced/ceed(走)，所以意思也相近。

process使用最廣，包括一切自然的工程和人工的程序。

procedure指人為的辦事程序(強調(diào)步驟性)。

例：admission procedure入學手續(xù)； procedure of teaching教學步驟

proceedings含義最窄，指會議記錄(記錄會議的進展)和訴訟程序。

Economy(45次)

【熟義熟性】n.經(jīng)濟

【真題例句】 market-oriented economy市場經(jīng)濟 [1994閱讀Text1] 【僻義熟性】n.經(jīng)濟體，國家

【真題例句】 For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.[2003閱讀Text3]

【經(jīng)典譯文】富有國家生產(chǎn)一美圓的GDP（以不變價格計算），比1973年少使用50%的石油。

【僻義僻性】a.便宜的；經(jīng)濟實惠的（補充）

An economy class air ticket is fit for ordinary workers, because it costs much less.【經(jīng)典譯文】經(jīng)濟艙機票對一般工作人員比較合適,因為它的價格要便宜得多。

【同源詞】economic(44次)a.經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟學的

【真題例句】socio-economic status社會經(jīng)濟地位[1991閱讀Text2] economical(2次)a.經(jīng)濟的（強調(diào)節(jié)省錢和資源）；節(jié)約的

【真題例句】 the use of cars has proved to be more economical.[89閱讀Text 2, 19題D選項] 【經(jīng)典譯文】使用小汽車被證明是更加節(jié)約的。

Practice(28次)

【熟義熟性】n.練習 【真題例句】 Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.[2007年閱讀新題型] 【經(jīng)典譯文】孩子需要充分離線延遲滿足以及運用有效的組織技能，比如管理時間和分輕重緩急。

【熟義僻性】vt.練習

【真題例句】If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural[2002年閱讀Text1]

【經(jīng)典譯文】如果表現(xiàn)幽默讓你覺得不自在，你就必須練習，這樣才能覺得自然。

【僻義熟性】n.慣例；常規(guī)；準則

【真題例句】Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.[2007年閱讀新題型] 【經(jīng)典譯文】紐約哥倫比亞商學院的伊利·諾姆建議說，的確，正如有公認的會計準則一樣，也許現(xiàn)在應該制定公認的安全準則了。

Benefit(25次)

【熟義熟性】n.好處，利益

【真題例句】 Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers.[2005年閱讀新題型] 【經(jīng)典譯文】不管國家是何種含義，“國家”機構(gòu)的好處之一就是能夠通過談判從醫(yī)藥生產(chǎn)商哪里獲得更優(yōu)惠的價格。

【僻義熟性】n.退休金，救濟金，保險費

【真題例句】 37.Corporations and labor unions have ________ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.[A] conferred [99年詞匯37題]

【經(jīng)典譯文】公司和工會已經(jīng)給它們的雇員、會員以及廣大公眾提供了許多福利待遇。

【僻義熟性】v.得益于(from, in)

【真題例句】What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition--if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.[2000年閱讀Text5]

【經(jīng)典譯文】奇怪的是他們或許已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中受益匪淺――如果不是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父輩或祖父輩的雄心。

Argue(24次)

【熟義熟性】v.爭論，辯論

【真題例句】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻譯]

【經(jīng)典譯文】關鍵問題是：如果對人的權(quán)利沒有共同認識，那么討論動物的權(quán)利就是毫無結(jié)果的。

【僻義熟性】v.認為，主張，論證；說服

【真題例句】 He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.[2005年閱讀Text4] 【經(jīng)典譯文】不像其他大多數(shù)人，麥克沃特先生并不認為我們說話方式不規(guī)范就會造成我們的思維混亂。Climate(15次)

【熟義熟性】n.氣候;(氣候)地帶

【真題例句】 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.[1998年閱讀Text4] 【經(jīng)典譯文】逃離人口過度稠密區(qū)的做法改變了以前那種離開寒冷地帶去氣候宜人之地的趨勢。

【僻義熟性】n.風氣，社會思潮

【真題例句】 When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[1999年完形]

【經(jīng)典譯文】如果此項工作做得好的話，就會形成無事故作業(yè)的好風氣，因此那兒的因工傷事故所造成的時間損失就會被控制在最低限度。

Academic(10次)

【熟義熟性】a.學院的，學業(yè)的【真題例句】 If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年閱讀text4] 【經(jīng)典譯文】如果學校對學業(yè)的強調(diào)減少一些，也許就有更多的時間教孩子更重要的價值觀念。

【僻義熟性】a.學術的

【真題例句】 Mr.McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年閱讀4]

【經(jīng)典譯文】麥克沃特先生的學術專長在于語言史和語言變化，舉例來說，他認為“whom”一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的，并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。

【僻義僻性】 n.學者，大學教師

【真題例句】 Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude.[1998年閱讀text2]

【經(jīng)典譯文】哈佛學者倫納德·施萊辛格是一家迅速擴張的美味面包店的前總裁，他說，許多“企業(yè)重組”都不成熟。

【同源詞】academy學院，學會

National Academy of Science國家科學學院

Fuel(10次)

【熟義熟性】燃料，能源

【真題例句】Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.[2002年閱讀text3]

【經(jīng)典譯文】節(jié)約能源，轉(zhuǎn)用其它燃料，以及重工業(yè)和高能耗工業(yè)重要性的降低，這三個因素使得石油消耗在減少。

【僻義僻性】提供燃料；火上澆油（聯(lián)想意義）

【真題例句】On anther level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide（醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺）debated has been fueled in part by the despair of parents for whom the modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002年閱讀text4] 【經(jīng)典譯文】在另一方，父母們認為現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥延長了奄奄一息的病人的身體痛苦。醫(yī)藥界的人也承認這些父母的絕望這給醫(yī)助自殺的討論火上澆油。

Address(10次)

【熟義熟性】n.地址，通訊處，致詞

【僻義僻性之一】 v.致函，寫姓名地址；

【真題例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[1986詞匯第3題] 【經(jīng)典譯文】在離開之前，他給他女兒寫了一封信。

【僻義僻性之二】v.向??講話；

【真題例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年閱讀Text1]

【經(jīng)典譯文】 針對不同的聽眾，要談的問題也應該不同。

【僻義僻性之三】v.處理，解決問題

【真題例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形] 【經(jīng)典譯文】《波士頓環(huán)球日報》記者克里斯“雷迪認為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。

Odd/Odds(9次)

【熟義熟性】a.奇怪的，奇特的 【近義詞】strange

【真題例句】 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.[1998年翻譯]

【經(jīng)典譯文】宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但在科學上是似乎可信的結(jié)論，因為它是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論推理而來的。許多天體物理學家近十年來一直確信這一論說是正確的。

【僻義熟性之一】a.臨時的，不固定的 【近義詞】temporary 【真題例句】 Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.[2007年閱讀Text4]

【經(jīng)典譯文】信息保護過去一直是臨時的、低級的信息技術員的工作，并且只被諸如銀行、電信、航空這類擁有大量數(shù)據(jù)的行業(yè)所關注，而現(xiàn)在卻高高列在各行業(yè)老板的日程表上。

【僻義熟性之二】a.奇數(shù)的，不成對的 【反義詞】even 【例】an odd shoe.一只不成對的鞋

【僻義僻性】odds.n.可能性，概率

【真題例句】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.[2007年閱讀Text3] 考研英語對詞匯深度的考查尤其體現(xiàn)在一詞多意，一詞多性。例如light這個基礎詞匯，很多同學只知道light n.光；而這個單詞在考研中出現(xiàn)了19次，考查的意思多達5種。

light/lighting/lighter(19次)

【熟義熟性】n.光，發(fā)光體，燈 Light-year 光年

【僻義僻性】lighting n.照明，照明設備，舞臺燈光

【真題例句】At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.[1996年Text3]

【經(jīng)典譯文】與此同時，大城市的市政府也開始涉足實業(yè)界，為納稅人提供照明、電車及其它服務。

【僻義僻性】a.輕的

【僻義僻性】Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.[2000年閱讀Text2] 【經(jīng)典譯文】50年前，嬰兒（尤其是男嬰）存活的幾率取決于體重，輕一公斤或重一公斤幾乎意味著必死無疑。

【僻義僻性】v.點燃 【真題例句】Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.[1999年閱讀Text1]【經(jīng)典譯文】把爐子點燃后，你有可能把整座房子燒毀。

【?？级陶Z】in the light of 按照, 根據(jù), 當作 [近] according to

【真題例句】He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.[2006年翻譯] 【經(jīng)典譯文】他自覺地、清晰地、坦率地、探索這樣的問題：首先問事實問題，然后問到的問題，最后根據(jù)他掌握的事實和道德信息給出恰當?shù)男袨榻ㄗh。

【?？级陶Z】shed light on= cast light on

[本意] 把燈光投射在?之上;[轉(zhuǎn)義] 詳細說明

【真題例句】A researcher has now __48__ the mystery of why the animals die.[1995年完形填空]

[A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on 【經(jīng)典譯文】一名研究者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)揭開了動物死亡之謎。

【復合詞語】light-hearted 1)輕松愉快的;2)隨便的，掉以輕心的

【真題例句】Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.[2002年閱讀Text1]

【經(jīng)典譯文】常常是你說話的方式使人發(fā)笑，因此說慢一些，并且記住揚揚眉毛或者露出一副不相信的表情都有助于顯示你在做輕松的評論。

lighter有三個意思：1)更輕，2）更亮；3）打火機

address在歷年真題中出現(xiàn)了10次，這是一個初中生都認識的詞匯，但是在歷年考研的歷年真題中考到了多個生僻的意思。

【熟義熟性】n.地址，通訊處

【僻義僻性之一】 v.致函，寫姓名地址；

【真題例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[1986詞匯第3題] 【經(jīng)典譯文】在離開之前，他給他女兒寫了一封信。

【僻義僻性之二】v.向??講話，致詞

【真題例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年閱讀Text1]

【經(jīng)典譯文】針對不同的聽眾，要談的問題也應該不同

【僻義僻性之三】vt.處理，解決問題

【真題例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形] 【經(jīng)典譯文】《波士頓環(huán)球日報》記者克里斯”雷迪認為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。

第二篇：考博英語詞匯

考博英語詞匯（1）

第一部分 詞匯記憶策略 1．全腦活化

人類左右腦分析比較：

左腦：意識、低速、一般閱讀、知識、知覺、知性、邏輯

右腦：無意識、超高速、速讀、創(chuàng)造力、視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺、味覺、圖像、色彩、直覺

右腦具備左腦沒有的特殊機能： 1． 超高速大量記憶機制 2． 圖像化機能 3． 超高速演算機能 4． 共振共鳴機能 2．舉例說明：

***0***2131425 3．詞匯記憶策略：聯(lián)想法、串聯(lián)法、構(gòu)詞法、近義詞、近形詞、易混淆詞、加減詞、固定搭配

? euthanasia, chrysanthemum ? flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …

? receive---deceive---conceive(-ceive= take;con-= 共同)? tumble---stumble（tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 腳下拌到東西而跌倒）

? stationary---stationery（文具，如筆pen,鉛筆pencil中含有“e”, 故見到“e”就想起是文具。）

? genius---genuine(含有us的是天才，因為我們是天才??！另一個就是“真正的”), ? form---deform確（形狀；變形）? attach to

第二部分 實例練習1．聯(lián)想法

carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour，abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2．串聯(lián)法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on… 3．構(gòu)詞法

-age（狀態(tài)、特性、行為）

page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage（bond 結(jié)束、約束、債券；bondage就含有“束縛、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage（garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage(sauce), dosage language, image, heritage, engage-ward inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award，a-(構(gòu)成作表語用的形容詞；構(gòu)成動詞。。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow 4．近義詞

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 買進賣出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen（英）店主

Scene 特別的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一國一地的自然風光

Views特別的景象

Nature 強調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及時

Contend 競爭；斗爭 Compete比賽；競爭 Struggle斗爭

Conflict 斗爭

Hinder Preclude Detain Retard Hamper Protract Postpone Cancel Delay Adjourn

Blame for Condemn for Accuse of Criticize for Announce Publish Advertise Inform

Substitute Selection Preference Alternative

Fraud Deceive Cheat Dupe

Decline Deny Reject Refuse

Reliable Confident Faithful Dependent

Income Wages Salary Pay Buyers Shoppers Customers Clients Particular Peculiar Special Unusual

Preliminary Primary Elementary Fundamental

Perplex Puzzle Confuse

Fatigued Tired Exhausted Bored

Thieves Burglars Robbers Bandits

Synthetic False Imitation Counterfeit Artificial

Mortal Fatal Deadly

Imaginative Imaginable Imagined Imaginary

Reproach Scold Compliment Reprimand

Empty Blank Vacant Bare ．近形詞 fiction fraction friction function

tumble stumble scramble humble tremble resume consume assume presume

resumption consumption assumption presumption bore core pore sore

simplify modify verify rectify

justify testify rectify verify

transcription subscription prescription description

attribute contribute distribute tribute

attitude altitude aptitude

descriptive prescriptive

interference interruption intervention interaction

transaction transmission transformation transition

contact intact

possibility validity reliability security

conceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouse

respectful respectable respected respective

detain attain retain certain contain

room doom boom loom

intense intentional intensive intending intended

assure ensure insure reassure

sometimes some time sometime some times

hatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare hare

banish vanish diminish admonish

durability flexibility versatility 5 hostility fold include

gold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transform

conform observe migrant

reserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrant

emigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedge

junior wedge receive

pledge deceive sparrow

conceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reduce

sorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieve

relieve bold preclude

cold exclude 自測題：

1.不看講義，試一試你的記憶力。利用聯(lián)想法，你能記住多少剛才所學的詞：1．____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________ 4._____________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________ 7._____________________ 8.__________________ 9._________________ 10.____________________ 11._________________ 12.________________ 2.列出以下單詞的近義詞： 1.income 2.mortal 3.urgent 4.synthetic 5.deceive 6.retard 7.empty 8.confuse

9.buyer 10.contend

3.列出以下單詞的近形詞：

1.tumble 2.description 3.justify 4.attain 5.attribute 6.prior

漢英對照近義詞

Merchants

煤商 Dealers

買進賣出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen

（英）店主

Scene

特別的景象，如泰山的日出 Scenery 一國一地的自然風光 Views 特別的景象 Nature 強調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急 Hasty

草率 Instant 立刻 Prompt 快速；及時

Contend 搏斗；爭奪(compete against sb.in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比賽；競爭(try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb.for sth./ compete for office（爭奪公職）/ against Struggle 斗爭(try hard to achieve sth.)struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom Conflict

斗爭（兩種觀點、信仰不能同時存在，不能都正確。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）;The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（關于發(fā)生的事情，兩個報道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb.to do sth.Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude:(formal)prevent sth.or make sth.impossible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〩e was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard:(formal)to delay the development of sth.or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨礙；推遲）

Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car（失修的公路阻滯了車速。）

Hamper: restrict sb.movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.Hamper sb.from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp.longer than usual Protracted negotiations 曠日持久的談判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for

把……歸于 Condemn for 譴責 Accuse sb.of sth.指責 Criticize for

批判

Announce

宣布；通知 Publish

發(fā)表；出版 Advertise

為……做廣告 Inform

告知(inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth.new or different that you use instead of sth.else that you used previously.替代品；替補

Substitute teacher 代課教師

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth.you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth.that you can choose to do or use instead of sth.else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb.believe sth.that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb.哄騙；詐騙

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth.（比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，禮貌拒絕邀請）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy(NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒絕申請，觀點，計劃 Refuse: 拒絕邀請

Turn down 拒絕（口語）

Reliable 可靠的；可信賴的（側(cè)重于始終如一。）Confident 有信心的 Faithful 忠實的；可靠的（側(cè)重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 從屬的；依靠的Income 總收入 Wages 按周或日付酬 Salary 月薪；年薪 Pay 工資

Buyers 買主

Shoppers 家庭中外出購物的人 Customers 顧客 Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiar Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.a special diet unusual: different from what is usual special---specially or especially specially: used when you do sth.that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose(with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth.is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things,(…, especially when…)Preliminary 初步的；開始的（強調(diào)開始之前有準備工作）Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→沒有預備 Elementary 初步的；簡單的 Fundamental 基礎的

Perplex（常用被動）困惑；茫然；費解

Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g.I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb.or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g.What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse（常用被動）

Make sb.feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g.Don't give me so much information.---you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g.fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth.is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g.Children easily get bored.Thieves 小偷；竊賊 Burglars 潛入室內(nèi)的盜賊 Robbers 強盜；賊

Bandits 土匪；強盜（常出沒在山區(qū)、森林）

Synthetic 合成的 False 假的；人造的（強調(diào)替代品，與原物不一樣，如假牙，人造瓚石）Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 謹防假冒)Counterfeit 比Imitation 更貶義

Artificial 人造的（強調(diào)生產(chǎn)方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g.mortal injures / blow / combat Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g.fatal accident / illness / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g.His face has a deadly paleness

likely to cause death e.g.deadly person lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g.a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way;good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g.imaginative writer;imaginative child Imaginable: emphasize that sth.is the best, worst example of sth.that it is possible to imagine All, every, only Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth.could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g.all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: ~sb.for /with sth.~ for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g.Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp.a child, about sth.that have done.Compliment: ~ sb.on sth.Say sth.nice to sb.in order to praise him Reprimand: ~ sb.for sth.tell sb.officially that sth.they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb.severely, about sth.they have done wrong.[ ~ sb.for V-ing] Chide:(literary)to speak angrily to sb.because you do not approve of sth.they have done.Compliment Complement : show up the good qualities in sb.or sth.or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside;not having people inside;not being used e.g.an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound;showing no understanding;e.g.go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.for TV;stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb.to use Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb.to start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration;not covered by clothes, by trees or grass Deceived 欺騙 Deserted 遺棄 Desperated 絕望 Disappointed 失望

近形詞

fiction 小說 fraction 一部分 friction 摩擦

function 功能；職責

tumble 跌倒 stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；爭奪 humble 謙虛；羞辱 tremble 顫抖；擔心

resume 中斷后重新開始 consume 消耗

assume 假定；假設；采用(think that sth.is true although you have no proof of it.E.g.~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp.an important one)

presume 推測；冒昧(think you can be sure of sth.because it is likely, although there is no proof.E.g.~ sb./ sth.to be sth./ be ~ed to do sth./ ~ to do sth.resumption 恢復 consumption 消費 assumption 假定；臆斷；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power)(His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption 傲慢；推測；假定(disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore

V.鉆孔

n.孔 core

v.使厭煩 n.令人討厭的事 pore

v.注視 n.毛孔

a.多孔的 sore

a.疼痛的n.痛處；潰瘍

simplify 簡化 modify 更改

對某物作稍微修改使其完善 verify 證實

rectify 糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況

justify 證明……是有道理的 testify 證明

rectify 糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況 verify 證實 transcription: 抄寫；翻譯；副本 subscription：

捐贈；訂閱；認購； prescription 藥方；指令 description： 描述；描繪

attribute

把……歸因于（to）contribute 捐贈；投稿

contribute… to 有助于 distribute 分發(fā)；分配 tribute

貢品；勒索的錢財；頌詞

attitude 態(tài)度 altitude 高度 aptitude 天資；傾向 latitude 緯度 multitude 人群（a multitude of …許多）

descriptive 說明的 prescriptive 規(guī)范的；約定俗成的

interference 干預（強調(diào)妨礙）interruption 打斷 intervention 介于；在中間起作用 interaction 相互作用

transaction 辦理；交易；學報；相反作用 transmission 傳送；傳播；發(fā)送 transformation 轉(zhuǎn)換；改革 transition 變遷；過渡時期

contact 接觸；交往；有影響的熟人（tact 圓滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact

完整無缺的

possibility 可能性 validity 有效性；正確性 reliability 可靠性 security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g.every conceivable means perceivable 可感知的；可認識的

arise: begin to happen(problem, difficulty)e.g.arise from= caused by rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful raise: e.g.raise a question;waise your voice arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth.;make sb.angry, afraid;wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price.E.g.The government is raising the tax.Respectful 尊重別人的；有禮貌的 Respectable 值得人們尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人們尊重的 Respective 各自的；各個的

detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）

Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth.after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb.or continue to have sth.e.g.retain a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容納

Room

房間 Doom 厄運；毀滅；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速發(fā)展 Loom 織布機

Intense 強烈的

Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精細的；強化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intended

assure : tell sb.that sth.with definitely happen.e.g.~sb.that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth.will happen ensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE.Insure)e.g.Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building.Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety.E.g.The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth.bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb.that there is nothing to worry about.e.g.The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes 有時 some time 一些時間 sometime 曾經(jīng)；有朝一日 some times 幾次

hatch 孵化 catch 捉 patch 縫補 match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；沒有陳設的（揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的 care 小心；關心 dare 敢于 fare 車船費；乘客；伙食 hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驅(qū)逐出境；清除；消除（疾?。﹙anish 突然不見； 逐漸消失 diminish 減少；貶低

admonish 警告；告誡；忠告

durability 耐用性 flexibility 變通性；靈活性 versatility 多才多藝；多功能 hostility 敵意；敵視

co-col-com-con-cor-with(共同)cooperate 合作 coordinate 協(xié)調(diào) correlate 相關 correspond 相符合

collaborate 協(xié)作（與cooperate 同，但多用于科學和藝術）

observe 觀察

reserve 保留座位 conserve 保護；節(jié)省 preserve 保留 deserve 值得

prior 首先的 superior 優(yōu)先的

inferior 次要的 senior 高級的 junior 初級的 exterior 外部的 interior 內(nèi)部的

sparrow 麻雀 swallow 燕子 hollow 空的 sorrow 悲傷 narrow 窄的 pillow 枕頭 arrow 箭

bold 勇敢的 cold 冷的 fold 折疊；褶 gold 金 hold 握 mold 模式 sold 賣出 told 告訴

migrant

移居者 immigrant 入境移民 immigrate 作為移民定居 immigration 移居；（總稱）外來移民emigrant

出境移民 emigrate

移居外國 emigration 遷移出境；（總稱）移民edge 邊沿

hedge 矮樹籬笆；障礙物

wedge

鍥子；鍥形物；事情的起因 pledge 誓言；典押；保人

deduce 推斷；演繹 reduce 減少 produce 生產(chǎn)

induce 引誘；引起；導致；歸納 seduce 唆使；引入歧途

preclude 排除；杜絕；阻止 exclude 除外

include 包括

form 形式 deform 變形 inform 通知 transform 轉(zhuǎn)變 conform 一致

contempt 輕視 attempt 企圖 prompt 促使；推動；激起

敏捷的

except 除…… accept 接受 concept 概念 percept 感知；認知

receive 收到 deceive 欺騙 conceive 含有 perceive 知覺；意識到；把……看作……

(perceive … as … / take … as … / regard … as … / see … as …)achieve 獲得 believe 相信

grieve 悲痛 relieve 放松

lilac n.淺紫色

antique violet n.古紫色 pansy n.紫羅蘭色 white n.白色

off-white n.灰白色 ivory n.象牙色

snowy white n.雪白色 oyster white n.乳白色 gray n.灰色

charcoal gray n.炭灰色 smoky gray n.煙灰色 misty gray n.霧灰色

第三篇：考博英語詞匯題

詞匯題匯總（練習）A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying.This happens when fact is discovered which seems to_____ what the law would lead one to expect.A.prove B.support C.contradict D.discourage 2 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial 3 After several nuclear disasters, a ______ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A.quarrel B.suspicion C.verdict D.controversy 4 Our interests seem to ______ at this point.A.constrain B.condense C.conduct D.converge 5 Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news s-pread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated 6 The ______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 7 Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal 8 The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial 9 Chemistry is closely______ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.A.corresponded B.concerned C.correlated D.cooperated 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _____ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A.correlate B.comply C.correspond D.pertain 11 Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of ______ to deal with every day.A.correspondents B.correspondence C.incidence D.dependence 12 Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.A.counteract B.counterfeited C.counterchange D.counterbalance 13 A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A.forged B.currency C.substituted D.cash 14 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility 15 What is missing from TV news_______ would fill a book.A.coverage B.dissemination C.declaration D.consultation 16 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being_____ of everything they do.A.emotional B.optimistic C.interested D.critical 17 The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A.crucial B.forcible C.supreme D.valuable 18 In a divorce, the mother usually is granted______ of her children.A.support B.retention C.perseverance D.custody 19 Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation 20 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant’s trial for murder.A.a decision of guilty B.a decision to punish by electrocution C.an impasse D.an unusual verdict 21 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, ______ to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A.receded B.implied C.complied D.declined 22 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have______.A.declined B.increased C.broken D.maintained 23 If somebody is _____, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.A.confirmed B.decorated C.appreciated D.nominated 24 He won by______ because his opponent refused to play.A.defect B.default C.deficit D.refusal 25 The ____now seems to stand as the primary to a new era of strong economic growth.A.defect B.descent C.deficit D.defeat 26 It was their______ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A.compulsory B.deliberate C.carefree D.modest 27 A ______ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A.deliberate B.disincentive C.functional D.fantastic 28 The supply of apples exceeds the _____ this year.A.request B.claim C.requirement D.demand 29 “Do you like your boss?” “No, he is too_______.”

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

答案（未必正確，請按自己查找對的理解）: 1-5CADAC.6-10CBDCA.11-15CAAAA.16-20ABCCC.21-25BAAAD.26-30CADCD.31-35AABBD.36-40CBBCD.41-45BCABC.46-50DBBDA.51-55DDBDA.56-60DCBAA.61-65BCDCD.66-70CABAC.71-75BCDBA.76-80ADDCB.81-85BABAC.86-90ADADA.91-95CCDCA.96-100BADBD

第四篇：考博英語詞匯解答技巧

考博英語詞匯解答技巧

一、動 詞

動詞及短語動詞是博士生入學英語考試詞匯部分的一個重要測試項目。該項目對考生的測試點包括：1)動詞的認知能力和辨別能力；2)動詞用法的掌握程度；3)動詞搭配關系的熟練程度。據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計在碩士研究生入學考試5500個詞匯中，大約有五分之一是動詞及動詞詞組。因此，掌握好這批詞匯直接關系到能否通過博士生入學英語詞匯部分的考試。

在動詞部分中，考生首先應該具備較好的認知能力，即遇見一個動詞后，能夠較快地確定它的前兩個或前三個詞義。如：evolve v.，第一個詞義是“使發(fā)展”，第二個詞義是“使進化”，第三個詞義是“推論”。在考試中，檢查考生這一能力的題是比較多的；考生應該能夠根據(jù)上下文確定動詞的有關詞義。在具備認知能力的基礎上，考生還需掌握這些詞匯的基本用法。如：forbid v.后面不能用to smoke，只能用動詞+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v.(發(fā)生)，只能用于主動語態(tài)，不能以被動的形式出現(xiàn)。最后，還要熟悉動詞的基本搭配關系。如：concentrate和associate兩個動詞，其后面的介詞一般只能是on和with。以下是按照上面三種情況出現(xiàn)的詞匯題：

1.The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.A.ticked away B.gone out C.broken off D.rung up 2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.A.supplies B.specifies C.presents D.withhold 3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.A.decide B.refrain C.surpass D.delay 第一句表示“外交關系終止”需用動詞詞組“break off“。

第二句中的 ”provide"，第一個詞義是“提供”或“供應”，第二個詞義是“規(guī)定”。四個選擇項中，“specify” 含有“規(guī)定”的意思，因此B是正確答案。第三句中只有“delay”一詞的后面可以采用動名詞，所以應該選擇D。

考生在平時復習時，可以有意識地按照以上三點記憶動詞和短語動詞。在準備動詞詞匯部分時，考生還需注意以下幾點。

1.不規(guī)則動詞的詞形變化: 有一定數(shù)量的動詞，其過去式和過去分詞與原形不同。這部分詞匯在測試中起到較強的干擾作用。在5500詞匯中類似動詞較多，以下僅舉部分例子：

動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 bear忍受 bore borne，born bend彎曲 bent bent bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid breed 繁殖 bred bred abide 遵守abode，abided abode，abided arise 升起 arose arisen awake喚醒 awoke woke, awaken fling 扔，拋 flung flung forbid禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden freeze 結(jié)冰 froze frozen shred 撕碎shredded, shred shredded，shred cast 投，擲 cast cast creep 爬 crept crept dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled 2.動詞詞形相近，詞義不同: 有些動詞在詞形上相似，但其詞義是不同的?？忌谄綍r復習時，需注意對它們的辨別。例： compliment vt.贊美

He is complimented for his fine work.complement vt.補充

They need to complement the factory with more workers.adapt vt.使適應 We have to adapt our thinking to the new circumstances.adopt vt.采用

They have adopted close planting.類似的動詞還有：

inquire vt.打聽，詢問 require vt.要求，命令 compel vt.強迫，迫使屈從 impel vt.促成，推動 compress vt.擠壓 comprise vt.包括 confirm v.證實 conform v.符合 affect vt.影響 effect vt.產(chǎn)生，引起 award vt.授予！給予 reward vt.獎賞，報答 ensure vt.保證，擔保 insure vt.給??保險 rescue vt.援救，營救 secure vt.保護，使??安全 extinguish vt.熄滅 distinguish vt.區(qū)別，辨別 wander vt.漫游 wonder vt.驚嘆

contract vt.締結(jié)，訂約 contact vt.使接觸 respect vt.尊重 suspect vt.猜想 類似的形近義不同的動詞還有一些，注意了它們之間的詞義差別，也有利于我們對這些動詞的記憶與辨認。

3.動詞詞義相近，用法不同 consist vt.一般用于主動態(tài)

This class consists of forty students.compose vt.常用于被動語

This country is composed of ten nations.insist v.后面需用介詞on。

He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow.persist v.后面需用介詞in。

He persisted in working on this experiment.arrive vi.后面需采用at, in, on等介詞。He arrived in Bejing yesterday.reach vt.及物動詞，直接跟賓語 They reached the village yesterday.4.動詞后需用動名詞: 有一批動詞的后面只能使用動名詞。在詞匯考試部分中,有時要求考生能夠正確判斷動詞的這一用法。這類常見動詞有：

anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy complete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include favor deny 例：He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment.resume permit 5.動詞后需用不定式: 英語動詞中，還有一些動詞的后面只能使用不定式。這類常見動詞有： claim arrange demand determine expect intend pretend promise afford refuse decide seek agree care learn manage presume desire consent prepare resolve undertake consented decided 例：She refused to offer her help.agreed intended 6.動詞后可用動名詞或不定式: 還有一些動詞的后面即可以使用動名詞，也可以使用不定式。常見這類動詞有: continue dislike prefer begin like propose remember deserve regret intend neglect attempt forget 7.動詞固定搭配: 動詞的固定搭配是英語測試中的一個很重要的項目。動詞的搭配關系主要反映在動詞與介詞、動詞與名詞的關系上。下面分組做一簡單的介紹： 1)動詞與介詞的搭配: call for 要求,需要 call off取消，放棄 carry off 奪取,奪去 come by得到，獲得 come up to達到,符合cut down削減,降低 break down損害,分解 break off終止,中斷 break out逃出,爆發(fā) break through突破，突圍 bring about 產(chǎn)生,引起 bring forward 提出，提議 drop off 減弱, 減少 drop out退出, 離隊

get over克服 give away泄漏 get across使人了解 get at夠得著 2)動詞與名詞的搭配

arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 take in to consideration考慮到 commit a crime 犯罪 make a decision 決定

reach an agreement達成協(xié)議 break one's promise 違約 take action 采取行動 keep balance 保持平衡

catch one's breath 喘氣 accept a challenge 應戰(zhàn) take a risk 承擔風險 keep sb.company 陪伴某人 keep one's head 保持鎮(zhèn)定 lose heart 失去勇氣 take shape 成型，形成 resist temptation 抵制誘惑 3)動詞與名詞和介詞的搭配 have control over 對??控制 attach importance to 重視

hold an inquiry into sth.某事進行調(diào)查 gain an advantage over 勝過，優(yōu)于 make the acquaintance of sb.結(jié)識某人 make an apology to sb.向某人道歉 make comments on sth.評論某事 lose contact with 與??失去聯(lián)系 express sympathy for 對某人表示慰問

二.名詞(一)名詞的特點

英語和其他語種一樣，其名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞以及連詞都有各自不同的特點。在學習名詞時，應注意名詞的一些特點。奉節(jié)著重談一下名詞的構(gòu)成和名詞的復數(shù)。1.名詞的構(gòu)成

(1)除了英語本族語及少量外來語等拼寫簡單的名詞外，名詞多數(shù)是由希臘及拉丁詞根加上前綴、后綴構(gòu)成。大量的名詞后綴是表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和行為的。如：-ance importance(重要性)-ence independence(獨立)-ion selection(選擇)-ition addition(增加)-sion conclusion(結(jié)論)-ation hydration(水化)-ity productivity(生產(chǎn)力)-ment movement(運動)-ship hardship(艱難)-ness weariness(厭倦)-y difficulty(困難)表示“??人”、“??者”的后綴，除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外，還有：-ian musician(音樂家)-ain captain(船長)-ant occupant(居住者)-ent dependent(依賴他人者)-ary secretary(書記，秘書)-yer lawyer(律師)sawyer(鋸木工)-ate candidate(候選人)-al rival(對手)-ist socialist(社會主義者)-icist physicist(物理學家)表示地點、處所的有：-age orphanage(孤兒院)-ium auditorium(禮堂)-ary granary(谷倉)-ery surgery(手術室)-ory laboratory(實驗室)表示科技學科名稱及觀測試驗方法或技術的有：-graphy seismography(地震測量法)-ic logic(邏輯學)-ics electronics(電子學)-logy zoology(動物學)在認知名詞時，也切忌望文生義。如下列單詞，似乎不是名詞，但它們確實是名詞。請寫出它們的詞義：

1.wireless___ 2.captive___ 2.coefficient ___ 4.graduate ___ 5.alternative____ 6.exclusive____ 7.combustible____ 8.functionary ____(2)有些名詞是由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)換而來。如由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)來的the old(老年人)，the wounded(受傷者，傷員)，the sick(病人)；由短語動詞come out轉(zhuǎn)來的outcome(結(jié)果)，cry out轉(zhuǎn)來的outcry(強烈反對)，還有well－being(福利)，等等。2.詞的復數(shù)

改-y為-i+-es，在-o后加-es或-s，改-f為-v+-es，大家都已熟知。研究生英語 大綱及有關詞匯表所列名詞中有一些大家不太熟悉的名詞復數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)介紹如下：(1)以-f結(jié)尾的名詞，構(gòu)成復數(shù)時只加-s，如：

cliffs(懸崖)griefs(憂愁)gulfs(海灣)proofs(證據(jù))有些以-f結(jié)尾的名詞可有兩種復數(shù)形式。如： dwarf-dwarfs／dwarves(侏儒)hoof-hoofs／hooves(蹄)handkerchief--handkerchiefs／handkerchieves(手帕)(2)源自拉丁語、希臘語及法語的一部分外來詞的復數(shù)形式仍然保留不變。1)來自拉丁語的： stratum／strata(地層)larva／larvae(昆蟲的幼蟲)stimulus／stimuli(刺激)bacterium／bacteria(細菌)2)來自希臘語的：

analysis／analyses(分析)hypothesis／hypotheses(假設)synopsis／synopses(概要, 大意)thesis／theses(論文，論題)criterion／criteria(標準)phenomenon／phenomena(現(xiàn)象)(3)一些外來詞兼有原有復數(shù)形式和英語規(guī)則復數(shù)形式。外來詞 原有復數(shù) 英語規(guī)則復數(shù)

nucleus(拉)nuclei nucleuses(原子核)syllabus(拉)syllabi syllabuses(大綱, 課程表)medium(拉)media mediums(媒體)symposium(拉)symposia symposiums(座談會)appendix(拉)appendices appendixes(附錄，盲腸)plateau(法)plateaux plateaus(高地)(4)復合名詞的復數(shù)形式。

1).daughter-in-law----daughters-in-law)2).looker-on--lookers-on(旁觀者)3).man-servant--menservants(男仆)4).air-raid--air-raids(空襲)stand-by-stand-bys(可依靠的人或物)(5)一些名詞的單復數(shù)意義不同。kindness(善意)---kindnesses(善行)anxiety(焦慮)----anxieties(令人憂慮之事)security(安全)----securities(證券，債券)(6)有些名詞的復數(shù)形式兼有單數(shù)形式的意義和新的意義。colour顏色 colours顏色／軍旗 letter字母;信

letters字母;信／文學,學問 manner方式，方法 manners方式，方法／禮貌 pain痛 pains痛／努力 scale鱗；尺度 scales鱗；尺度／磅秤(二)同義詞學習

我們在學習名詞時碰到的問題主要是認知方面的。準確地掌握名詞所表示的概念的外延和內(nèi)涵是學會正確使用名詞的基礎。學習同義詞是幫助我們更好地認知、理解、掌握名詞的方法之一。學習同義詞時要注意不能從中文釋義出發(fā)，而應仔細研究英文原文定義及注釋，搞清名詞所表示的概念的內(nèi)涵和外延。例如：

The reproductive potentialities of aphides are unmatched in the insect world.A.1atent capacity B.power C.strength D.mentality potentialities，latent capacity，power，strength和mentality這些詞都有“力”這個 概念的內(nèi)涵，相當于邏輯上講的“各個種概念都具有屬概念的內(nèi)涵”。但這些詞又有各自特有的內(nèi)涵，這些內(nèi)涵又屬于“力”的不同外延。potentiality：power or quality which is potential，and needs development，指潛能，潛力；與latent capacity“隱藏的能力”一致。power：1)ability to do or act指行動的能力;2)faculty of the body or mind指精力，體力，智力；3)strength or force指力，力氣；4)energy or force that can be used to work指動力，機力；5)right，control，authority指權(quán)，權(quán)力，勢力。Strength: 1)quality of being strong指力量、強度；2)power measured by numbers of persons present or persons who can be used指實力，兵力或人數(shù)。mentality：general intellectual character；degree of intellectual power指精神力，智力。

在于解了上述各詞的共同點(即“屬概念”的內(nèi)涵)，又明白了它們各自的特有屬性(即“種概念”的內(nèi)涵)后，區(qū)別它們也就不難了：potentiality和latent capacity的內(nèi)涵一樣，是同義詞；power是最基本的“行動能力”，又具有“力”的不同外延如精力、體力、智力、動力、機力、權(quán)力、勢力；strength除了具有“力”的不同外延如實力、兵力外，則強調(diào)力量的“quality'’；mentality則主要指智力及其 “degree”。

此外，表示“環(huán)境”的名詞也有好幾個。settings具體指舞臺背景，故事發(fā)生地點，背景音樂等。它和environment在此時是一個意思，即外部環(huán)境。circumstance的單、復數(shù)都是指外部的環(huán)境，相關的人或事，有影響力的人或事。condition的復數(shù)表示環(huán)境、情形等外部狀況，和circumstances同義。surrounding的單、復數(shù)也是指周圍事物，即“環(huán)境”。但要表示舞臺背景，故事背景，背景音樂等意思，還是得用“setting(s)”?？傊?，學習同義詞時要多研讀英文釋義，認真體會，才能獲得真經(jīng)。

三、形容詞

形容詞是博士入學英浯考試詞匯部分的一個重要測試項目。因為形容詞是英語三大實詞之一，是英語語言文字中意義較豐富、用法較積極的一部分。該項目的測試點包括：1)形容詞的認知能力和辨別能力；2)詞形及詞義相近的形容詞的區(qū)分；3)形容詞和介詞的搭配。在國家頒布的碩士生和博士生英語教學大綱附錄的詞匯表中有相當比例的形容詞及與其緊密相關的副詞，在各種研究生入學考試和模擬考試中也涉及為數(shù)不少的形容詞。掌握好形容詞有助于考生考試時答題順利，也為全面掌握英語這門語言打下基礎。考生平時學習中應注意積累大量詞匯，每學一個單詞要知道它的詞性、主要詞義及其與介詞的搭配。認知能力和辨別能力是基礎、就是說，見到一組形容詞首先要清楚它們的基本含義和用法；其次是辨別這組形容詞詞義和用法的不同；再次是把這些詞義和用法與句子具體的語境結(jié)合起來，最后就可確定題目的正確答案。此類題目出現(xiàn)頻率較高。例如：

1.TV sets are rapidly becoming accessible to the people in the remote areas.A.doubtful B.obtainable C.imaginary D.negligible 2.All the off-shore explorers were in good mood when they read ____ letters from their family.A.affectionate B.intimate C.passionate D.considerate 3.All the girls seem to be ____ of her beauty and intelligence.A.envious B.indifferent C.distinct D.enthusiastic 例句1題干中 “accessible”詞義為“可以接近的，可以弄到的”，選項中doubtful為“持懷疑態(tài)度的”；obtainable“可以獲得的”；imaginary“想象中的”。答案顯然是B。例句2中的四個選項的拼寫有些類似。根據(jù)語境和閱讀，我們可以確定句子需要一個含有“充滿感情的”含義的詞，affectionate便是答案了。例句3中只有envious(嫉妒的，羨幕的)和介詞of搭配。

考生在考前復習時要注意下面幾個方面的問題，它們極易成為出題的重點：

1.注意詞形相近的形容詞。如：conspicuous，miraculous，meticulous，incredulous，2.注意積累大量的同義詞和反義詞。如wonderful的同義詞有：marvelous, excellent，extraordinary，remarkable，miraculous，prodigious等。如generous的反義詞有：miserly，mean，stingy，selfish等。

3.注意把形容詞的學習和動詞的學習結(jié)合起來。如：indicate-indicative；receive--receptive；inquire-inquisitive等。

4.注意把形容詞的學習和名詞結(jié)合起。如：defect-defective，intention-intentional等。

5.注意以-1y結(jié)尾的單詞的詞性。名詞加-1y多構(gòu)成形容詞。如：heavenly，womanly，worldly等。

6.注意有的單詞在拼寫不變的情況下既是名詞，又是形容詞。如：choice goods上等品；quality apple優(yōu)等蘋果；minute particles微小的顆粒。7.注意有些不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級的變化形式。如：

原級 比較級 最高級 good better best bad worse worst little less(1esser)least far farther(further)farthest(furthest)考生在復習當中要注意學會用歸納法和聯(lián)想法記憶單詞。下面舉幾個形容詞和介詞搭配的例子。

1.與介詞搭配的形容詞：

guilty, jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate, thoughtful, desirous, short, irrespective, exclusive, independent, tolerant, worthy, capable, sure, certain, confident, critical, characteristic, suspicious, dubious, wary 等等 2.與介詞 to 搭配的形容詞: accessible, available, accustomed, adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, pertinent, relevant, subject, susceptible, contrary 等等 3.與介詞 with 搭配的形容詞: consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied等等

扼要介紹以上內(nèi)容，希望起到拋磚引玉的作用。英語考試大綱中沒有明確規(guī)定哪些詞匯和短語需要熟練掌握，哪些只需要認識。因此，考生要盡可能多地熟練掌握考試大綱所涉及的詞匯和詞組。

四、副 詞

副詞也是博士生入學英語考試中的一個重要項目。在這部分詞類中，要求考生能夠正確地識別副詞的形式以及詞義。在這一章中，我們將介紹副詞的分類、用法、構(gòu)成及特點，幫助考生熟悉考試的形式。(一)副詞的分類

副詞按其詞義和作用可分為下列幾類：

1.時間副詞，如：yesterday，tomorrow，today，last，ago，recently，immediately，nowadays，still，just等。

2.頻率副詞，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom，always, frequently等。

3.地點、方向副詞，如：here，there，outside，west，left，straight，over，on, in, out，off, somewhere，anywhere，up，down，over，away等。

4.方式副詞，如：awkwardly，largely，neatly，quickly，well，together，slowly，fast等。

5.強調(diào)副詞，如：very，quite，too，more，extremely，so，pretty，terribly，wholly，almost，entirely，even，only等。

6.疑問、連接副詞，如：when，where，why，how，whenever，however，wherever等。(二)副詞的用法

1.修飾動詞: The girl threw the ball quickly.2.修飾形容詞: The job is too hard to him.3.修飾其他副詞: He drives rather fast.4.修飾小品詞: They let her well behind.5.修飾不定代詞和數(shù)詞：

Nearly everybody came to out party.7.修飾名詞：Life here is full of Joy.9.修飾全句：

Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.(三)副詞的構(gòu)成

1.大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly 構(gòu)成的。如：politely，sadly；當形容詞以-y結(jié)尾時。在加-1y之前，先變-y為-i：heavily，busily；以-1e結(jié)尾時去-e加-y即可： simply，ably；以-ll結(jié)尾時，只需加-y: dully，shrilly；以-ic結(jié)尾時，則在-ic之后加-ally: economically，basically等。

2.由名詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如：weekly，monthly，yearly。3.由數(shù)詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞，如：firstly。4.由不定代詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞，如：mostly。5.由介詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如：overly。

6.由短語加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞, 如: matter-of-factly。7.由各種詞類加前綴-a或后綴-fashion，-ways，-style構(gòu)成的副詞，如：alike，round，aloud，sideways，cowboy-style等。

8.有些副詞由介詞或地點名詞加后綴-ward(s)構(gòu)成，意義是“向?”。如: backward(s)，downward(s)，forward(s)，northward(s)，onward(s)，upward(s)等。

9.另外，有些副詞是由名詞加后綴-wise構(gòu)成，表示方向、位置、狀態(tài)、樣子等，如：clockwise，crabwise，lengthwise等。

四、與形容詞同形的副詞

有些形容詞與副詞同形，但有著不同的句法功能。如： We had an early breakfast.We had breakfast early.early在第一句中是形容詞，做定語；在第二句中是副詞，做狀語。有些表示時間的如：daily，weekly，quarterly，monthly，yearly也能做如此用法。(五)兼有兩種形式的副詞

有些副詞有兩種形式：一是與形容詞同形，二是由該形容詞加-1y構(gòu)成。這兩種不同的形式，有些含義相同，有些略有不同，有些完全不同。如： 1.close做“近”解：

He lives close to the school.He was following close behind.做其他解釋時用closely： Watch what I do closely.The prisons were closely guarded..2.dead做“突然地, 完全地”解： She stopped dead.在非正式用語中作“完全地”“直接地”解： He was dead tired.The wind was dead against us.deadly做“死一般地”或“非?！苯?，例如：deadly pale，deadly serious，deadly dull等。3.direct做“直線地”“不繞圈子地”解： The train goes there direct.The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome;it goes by way of Paris.做“直接地”(即“間接地”的反義詞)解時用directly： He was looking directly at us.She answered me very directly and openly.directly也可以做“立即”或“馬上”解： Answer me directly.Let's meet directly after lunch.有些詞，如：above，in, on，around，away，off等，在與動詞搭配時，其后面沒有賓語，這些詞是做副詞。請看以下例句： They looked around.Let’s go on with the work.上面兩句中的around和on都是副詞。(六)副詞的詞序

1.副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面。The building is very high.He came long before the appointed time.2.副詞修飾動詞。

不及物動詞+副詞：She speaks well.及物動詞+受詞+副詞：She speaks English well.3.地點副詞和時間副詞可置于句首或句末，放在句首時語氣較強。I was born in Zhejiang in 1963.4.頻度副詞的位置。

在一般動詞前：They always say so.有be動詞時，在be動詞后： I am always busy.有助動詞時，在助動詞和本動詞之間：This job will never be finished.5.兩個以上的副詞詞序。單位較小者+單位較大者：

The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China.6.兩個以上不種類的副詞詞序。地點+狀態(tài)+次數(shù)+時間：

She arrived there safely the other day.程度十狀態(tài)+地點十時間：

They played fairly well there yesterday.五、介 詞

介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一。一些常用介詞的搭配能力非常強，可用來表示各種不同的意思，大部分的習慣用語都是由介詞和其他詞構(gòu)成的，所以介詞出現(xiàn)在英語測試的各個項目中。對介詞的測試點主要包括：1)一些主要介詞的基本意思的掌握程度；2)介詞與其他詞特別是動詞、形容詞和名詞的搭配的掌握程度。所以在準備介詞詞匯時，考生應該注意以下幾點：

1.介詞在句子中不能獨立充當一個成分，而是需要和一個名詞或相當于名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，從而在句子中充當一個成分。能和介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語的有： 1)名詞。如：

The car crashed into the train, and two men in it were killed on the spot.2)代詞。如：

“What does your car look like?” “That is similar in shape with yours.” 3)動名詞(短語)。如：

The prosecutor accused the man of smuggling.4)由連接代(副)詞引起的從句或不定式短語。如： I am preparing for what to say in the interview.2.關于介詞和動詞的搭配，考生應該注意：

1)在什么動詞后需要跟什么介詞，如：rely on依靠，指望；consult with和?商議；remark on就??發(fā)表看法，評論。2)同一個動詞在什么情況下跟不同的介詞，如：match to使和??相等／match up調(diào)諧，相配；使互相吻合／match up to跟上??的水平(形勢等)；gear to使合適／gear up促進，增加。

3.不同的形容詞后有時需跟特定的介詞，如：be strict with 對?嚴格； be sick for 思念；be loyal to忠于。

4.不同的名詞后也常常需跟不同的介詞。如：confidence in對?的信心；satisfaction with對??滿意；loyalty to對??的忠誠。

5.介詞還可以和名詞構(gòu)成成語。如：for instance例如；in proportion成比例，按正確比例，按本來大小(看事物)，客觀地；in general通常，大體上，一般而言。

六.連 詞

連詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔任句子成分，只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語以及句子與句子的作用。連詞一般分為并列連詞(連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)和從屬連詞(用來引起分句)。除了連詞外，許多連接代詞、連接副詞、關系代詞和關系副詞都可以用來引起一個從句。還有一些副詞，如anyway，therefore，also，still等也有類似的作用。另外，有些詞組，如: on the other hand，for that reason等也可以幫助前后文更加連貫?？忌跍蕚溥B詞時應注意以下幾個問題。

1.連接兩個分句，一個連詞就夠了。容易出錯的典型例子是： Although he was tired, but he went to work.Because she liked him, so she went out with him.在上面所提到的兩個例子中，我們可以選用although或but，because或so，不能 同時使用兩個連詞。但是連接三個分句時，可以用兩個連詞。如：

Although he was tired, he went to work, but he didn't stay there long.類似的錯誤還有把that和where，how或whether連在一起用。如： I asked him that how he was working.l wondered that where he lived.2.關系代詞who，whom和which的一個特殊用法是可以連接分句。所以它們既是代詞，又是連詞。容易出錯的典型例子是： He never listens to the advice which I give it to her.在該句中it是多余的，which連接兩個分句，同時又代替it而成為第二個分句的賓語。3.That經(jīng)常用來代替which和who，但是不常用that來代替where和when。容易 出錯的典型例子是: The house that she lives is very small.正確的句子應該是：

The house where she lives is very small.The house that she lives in is very small.4.連詞不能單獨和一個分句連用。連接詞要連接兩個分句，而這兩個分句一般要 寫成一句話，即不能寫成中間用句號隔開的兩個獨立的句子。容易出錯的典型例子是： When I came back home.It was late.正確的句子應該是：

When I came back home it was late.

第五篇：浙江大學考博英語詞匯部分

浙江大學考博英語詞匯部分（全）

發(fā)布: 2008-5-13 14:54 | 作者: 陸向武 | 來源: kaobo.cn | 查看: 829次

1.Hoping that he might be able to _____the problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.A.shed light on

B.make light of C.bring light to

D.set light to

2.His_____ and unwillingless to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.A.arrogance B.dignity C.humility D.solitude 3.The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n)______in world trade.A.inflation B.stimulus C.bulge D.boom

4.He decided he was going to take______ for the murder of his sister

A.refuge B.testify C.certify D.allege

5.No one expected him to ____against his former employer.A.dedare B.testify C.certify D.allege 6.Rachel was the_____choice for the job thanks to her communication skills

A.unanimous B.genuine C.harmnious D.agreeable

7.The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form on ____ account.A.senstive B.genuine C.expressive D.coherent

8.You should have your eyes examined_____to be sure of your eyesight.A.periodically B.persistently C.continuously D.continually

9.You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t give them a second thought.A.negative B.disgrace C.contempt D.sarcasm The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.A.worship B.glorify C.adore D.cherish The government is seeking to ___ itself from the latest financial.A.detach B.extract C.derive D.ease Heavy rainful in the south of England means that flooding is____ A.imminent B.momentous C.transient D.prospective He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.A.dispose B.dispensed C.dispatched D.dispersed I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize her.A.attentively B.intensively C.intentionally D.intensely You will only be allowed to leave early in_____ circumstances

A.exceptional B.concidental C.peculiar D.imperative

參考答案：A A D B B A D A A B B A C C A

浙江大學考博英語04年春詞匯題

1.It is important to keep the factory working at ____ efficiency all the time.A optimistic B optimum C optical D optional

2.We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.A lingering B chronic C lengthy D abiding

3.Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____

A legible B intelligible C distinctive D conceivable

4.We are going to____ what were learned so for by doing some revision exercise today.A consolidate B reinforce C affirm D conform

5.Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him and then left

A considerable B trival C futile D resultant 6.The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to his parents.A convert B retain C deter D expel

7.Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come in

A acclaining B reclaining C exclaining D proclaiming 8.The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bank

A discrepancy B conflict C contrast D divergence

9.The idea that a good night sleep will cure everything is a complete _____

A defect B fallacy C fraud D abuse Before a bill can become law it has to have the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.A justification B warrant C endorsement D verification 11 The image is ____ by a series of lenses within the telescope A maginfied B signified C extended D expanded Strangely enough the most obvious explanation did not ___ Juckie until the next day

A stumble on B occur to C come up with D stand up to The government wants a 3% inflation rate,but is this a ___ objective?

A reflective B flexible C feeble D feasible She has still ___ by what happened in Bancelona,although she had left 20years earlier

A haunted B frequented C recalled D sustained The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can tell time in the dark

A imminent B luminous C illumination D illustrative

參考答案：B B A A C B D A B C A B D A B

浙江大學考博英語04年秋詞匯題

（大部分與03年秋以及04年春詞匯部分重復，不同的有）1.You can't cure a common cold, but you can ____ the symptoms.A moderate B alleviate C dilute D subdue 2.For years scientists have been ___ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.A tangled B terrified C evoked D baffled

3.The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has never really recored.A calamity B downfall C reverse D scandal Our company's management____negotiations on a new union contract

A launched B triggered C terminated D preserved

參考答案：B D A A

浙江大學考博英語05年春詞匯題

1.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to___

A snap B shrink C fade D condense 2.His last play was ___ by the critics as a masterpiece

A claimed B proclaimed C exclaimed D acclaimed

3.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.A regulations B specialities C essentials D specifications 4.Your letter has been___ to the authority concerned.A transited B transfered C transported D transmitted

5.Among her many___ are loyalty ,courage andtruthfulness

A virtues B morals C characters D graces The soldiers___ their arms as thay marched.A swayed B swung C swerved D swelled

7.The country's constitution___ the ideals of equality and freedom.A embodies B symbolizes C marks D represents

8.It was ___ whether the patient will survive the operation A vague B suspicious C ambiguous D doubtful 9, The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach A trapped B frightened C engaged D misled “I'm far too busy to talk to you now.”

he said,in his usual____manner.A rigid B steep C abrupt D stern 11 He's rich and keeps____about how much money he's got to impress people

A exaggerating B boasting C admiring D inspiring She was____enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A initiative B pervasive C imaginative D perceptive The two countries___ their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years

A rebuked B renewed C reviewed D reclaimed People always greet each other warmly,____ their different origins and beliefs.A in regard to B in contrast with C with respect to D regardless of The express train from London___ on time.A pulled up B pulled over C pulled in D pulled through

參考答案：B D D B A B A D D C B D B D C