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      新東方名師教你考前二十天高效沖擊四級(jí)聽力

      時(shí)間:2019-05-14 07:00:16下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《新東方名師教你考前二十天高效沖擊四級(jí)聽力》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《新東方名師教你考前二十天高效沖擊四級(jí)聽力》。

      第一篇:新東方名師教你考前二十天高效沖擊四級(jí)聽力

      新東方名師教你考前二十天高效沖擊四級(jí)聽力

      作者:北京新東方學(xué)校國內(nèi)考試部 趙建昆

      離2008年6月大學(xué)英語新四級(jí)考試時(shí)間僅剩下二十多天,分值最高、題型最多、難度最大的聽力考試最值得考生鉚足精力,認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備。我想對(duì)考生說:也許你無法決定結(jié)果,但是你一定可以控制過程。

      6月1日至5日:

      強(qiáng)化詞匯短語復(fù)習(xí)

      先不要關(guān)注聽力紛繁多樣的題型,給自己五天時(shí)間,通過2000年1月到2007年12月約十六套左右四級(jí)真題,考生首先要把所有熟悉的和不熟悉的詞匯短語強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)一遍,為后面的復(fù)習(xí)打好詞匯基礎(chǔ)。尋找真題可通過網(wǎng)上下載,但通常都無法得到聽力部分的原文。所

      以,建議買一本真題練習(xí)冊(cè)。

      拿到真題后,要將所有聽力題目(對(duì)話類、短文類、聽寫類)、聽力原文部分不懂的單詞、短語、句式,全部查清楚,搞透徹,總結(jié)和查詢的時(shí)間不會(huì)超過三四個(gè)小時(shí)。接下來幾天,要用足十八般武藝將它們記憶清楚。最好的方式是多聽。

      這五天進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)工作能夠讓你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)新題目中的單詞和短語,因?yàn)檎骖}之間題目

      元素重合概率很高。

      第二篇:新東方名師支招:四級(jí)聽力備考寶典

      新東方名師支招:四級(jí)聽力備考寶典

      聽力的提高需要一定時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練,也是很多考生很沒有自信的板塊。在最后一段時(shí)間內(nèi),考生應(yīng)通過正確的訓(xùn)練來維持聽力水平,并力爭(zhēng)有所突破。在最后一個(gè)月內(nèi),可以通過短時(shí)間高頻率的方式來增加量的積累,通過精聽一盤四級(jí)考試真題英語磁帶的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)的飛越。

      除了能力的提高,我們還需要從了解考試形式,掌握應(yīng)試技巧方面來提高成績(jī)。

      聽力部分包括兩部分,第一部分是10個(gè)短對(duì)話(short conversations),每個(gè)題目只播放1遍,涉及的話題較廣,但是涉及的單詞不難,句子結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,語速略低于正常語速;第二部分是短文理解(short passages)或復(fù)合式聽寫(compound dictation)。短文理解包括三篇文章,每篇文章后面有2到4個(gè)題目不等,一共是10個(gè)題目;復(fù)合式聽寫部分的文章在250個(gè)單詞左右,一共播放三遍。其考法由兩部分組成,前7個(gè)空是單詞聽寫,所寫單詞必須是原文的單詞,后3個(gè)空是補(bǔ)全內(nèi)容,考生既可以按原文填寫,也可以用自己的語言寫出大概意思。其實(shí),四級(jí)考試大綱還規(guī)定另外一種題型,即聽寫填空(spot dictation),但是至今沒有考過。這種考法涉及一篇120個(gè)單詞的短文,有10左右的空,要求填入一個(gè)句子或者是句子的一部分。全文朗讀三遍,第一遍沒有停頓,考生掌握大意,第二遍在空格后有停頓,要求考生把聽到的內(nèi)容填入空格,第三遍沒有停頓,供考生核對(duì)內(nèi)容。大家在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),重點(diǎn)仍舊是前兩種題型。

      就四級(jí)聽力應(yīng)試方法而言,首要一點(diǎn)就是預(yù)覽。因?yàn)轭A(yù)覽會(huì)讓你明白這個(gè)對(duì)話或這篇文章將會(huì)用到哪些核心單詞,涉及什么主要內(nèi)容,這無疑將提高我們的自信,提高聽的效果。那么應(yīng)該怎樣預(yù)覽呢?先看section A還是先看section B?section A是短對(duì)話部分,考試說明大概是120秒,有足夠的時(shí)間把10個(gè)題目預(yù)覽一下。而section B如果考短對(duì)話,考試說明的時(shí)間只有35秒,如果考復(fù)合式聽寫,考試說明是60秒左右,考生一般不能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)把后面所有題目預(yù)覽完,所以在預(yù)覽順序上應(yīng)該作一個(gè)調(diào)整。其實(shí),考生進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)后,9:10分可以拆卷,9:15分開始放聽力磁帶,這中間有5分鐘,考生可以用這5分鐘時(shí)間來預(yù)覽第二部分。當(dāng)9:15分放錄音時(shí),考生再利用第一部分120秒左右的時(shí)間迅速預(yù)覽10個(gè)短對(duì)話,這樣安排就會(huì)比較合理。

      我們可以用 “豎看+聯(lián)想”來描述預(yù)覽。下面就通過真題來分別說明第一部分和第二部分分別應(yīng)該如何預(yù)覽。

      在第一部分,不能僅僅分析每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思,而是要“豎看”,把握四個(gè)選項(xiàng)共同的重要信息,然后再根據(jù)這些共同的信息來“聯(lián)想”這個(gè)題目可能涉及的話題。如2005年1月考題的第一題,A)The man enjoys traveling by car.B)The man lives far from the subway.C)The man is good at driving.D)The man used to own a car.一覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)主要信號(hào)是“the man”和“car”,說明可能會(huì)討論這個(gè)人與車之間的關(guān)系了。又如第二題,A)Tony should continue taking the course.B)She approves of Tony’s decision

      C)Tony can choose another science course.D)She can’t meet Tony so early in the morning

      四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中共同信號(hào)有“Tony”,“course”,這說明會(huì)討論Tony與功課的關(guān)系,而“continue”,“decision”,“choose”這些詞進(jìn)一步說明,可能會(huì)討論Tony是否會(huì)繼續(xù)選擇某一功課的問題。

      通過這樣的預(yù)覽,我們聽的時(shí)候就會(huì)更有方向,而且很多單詞由于事先已經(jīng)看過,就更加容易聽出來。在很多情況下,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中共同信息較多的選項(xiàng),不但會(huì)成為預(yù)覽的重點(diǎn),而且還可能直接成為正確答案。比如上面的第一題A和D有重復(fù)信息,而正確答案是D;第二題A和D有重復(fù)信息,而正確答案是A。又如在2003年6月的考題中第6題是,A)Buy something for the picnic B)Go shopping with the man

      C)Go for a ride around town D)Have a picnic

      我們發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的共同信息是picnic,而正確答案是A。又如第9題,A)The old lady sitting next to the couple likes toys very much.B)An old lady took the couple’s suitcase for her own.C)The couple’s suitcase was stolen in the restaurant.D)The man forgot to put the toys in their suitcase.這個(gè)題目中,A和B有old lady, couple這些共同信息,而B,C和D有共同信號(hào)suitcase,B選項(xiàng)匯集了最多的信息,而正確答案也正是B選項(xiàng)。當(dāng)然,這種情況不是絕對(duì)的,但至少可以說明一點(diǎn),預(yù)覽共同信息很重要。

      如果說在短對(duì)話部分“豎看”更加重要,那么在短文部分“聯(lián)想”就更加重要了。如2003年6月考題第三篇短文,18.A)A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.B)A professional diver.C)A telephone operator.D)A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中rescuer,professional diver,telephone operator,guard都是講一種人,所以可以聯(lián)想到這個(gè)題目可能考一個(gè)人的職業(yè),而且很有可能與“the Golden Gate Bridge”有關(guān)。

      19.A)Someone has fallen off the bridge.B)Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C)Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D)Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中fallen off the bridge,being attacked,threatening to destroy the bridge,attempting to kill himself都講一件負(fù)面的事情,而且這件事發(fā)生在橋上,看來是重要細(xì)節(jié)題。

      20.A)Call the mother to come fight away.B)Try to communicate with them first.C)Help them to get out of their misty.D)Remind them that they have children to take care of.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中Call the mother,Try to communicate,Help them,Remind them這些動(dòng)作讓人聯(lián)想到這個(gè)題目可能會(huì)涉及解決一個(gè)問題的方法。

      最后,把幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)聯(lián)合起來,可以作一番簡(jiǎn)單聯(lián)想:一個(gè)在the Golden Gate Bridge從事某種職業(yè)的人,在橋上遇到一個(gè)問題,最后用一種方法把它解決了。有了這個(gè)大概的方向以后,聽這篇短文就會(huì)有感覺了。

      復(fù)合式聽寫的絕大部分文字已經(jīng)在卷面給出,所以只要有時(shí)間先預(yù)覽一遍,而且重點(diǎn)看空格上下文的內(nèi)容,就可以基本知道文章的內(nèi)容了??忌诘谝槐槁牭臅r(shí)候,就可以盡量把聽到的單詞寫下來,最后一定再檢查一遍所寫的內(nèi)容,尤其防止在最后三題需要填寫句子的部分,出現(xiàn)單復(fù)數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤。

      聽力部分,除了預(yù)覽以外,還要注意另外的一些應(yīng)試技巧,比如在短對(duì)話和短文部分,如果出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,比較,因果等重要邏輯關(guān)系,一般會(huì)成為考點(diǎn);又如在復(fù)合式聽寫部分,考生要養(yǎng)成一定的速記習(xí)慣,因?yàn)榭忌话悴荒芨箱浺羲俣?,更何況最后三個(gè)題目是要求填寫句子,所以考生要寫重點(diǎn)單詞,甚至采用一些簡(jiǎn)寫來跟上速度,我們可以在檢查時(shí)再補(bǔ)全句子。比如,information可以先寫“inf.”,additional可以先寫“addi.”等等。(實(shí)習(xí)編輯:顧萍)

      第三篇:新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

      上海新東方四級(jí)精品班Tom(徐星海)老師主講

      短對(duì)話部分

      短對(duì)話聽力的一些原則

      1. 推理原則:一般需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理,故直接在對(duì)話中聽到的一般不是正確答案。2. 挫折原則:通常要辦的事情都是不順利的(如買東西買不到,訂房間客滿等)3. 男女原則:一般男生比較衰,女生比較牛。男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生都是不同意或有不同看法的,反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生都是同意和贊賞的。

      男生的特征:臟、亂、差、浪費(fèi)、窮、小氣、不良習(xí)慣、遲鈍、不顧家

      女生的特征:愛干凈、節(jié)約、富有、好學(xué)、能干、聰明、大度、耐心、戀家、除數(shù)理化外成績(jī)都很好。

      4. 父母一般只有一個(gè)作用教育子女好好學(xué)習(xí)

      5. 除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)發(fā)生的事情一般是不考的,故遇到地點(diǎn)推測(cè)題類似 at home / at Mary’s home之類的選項(xiàng)一般都是不對(duì)的。6. 四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話只考日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中遇得到事情,問題,故如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一些日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生或很少發(fā)生的事情一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)

      短對(duì)話十大場(chǎng)景及一般思路

      1. 借車:車一般是借不到的

      2. 吃:匹薩,海鮮吃了一般會(huì)有不適反應(yīng),―派‖一般比較好吃

      3. 考試:作業(yè)、論文一般比較難,或須要熬夜。教授一般比較嚴(yán)厲,選修課較難較多

      4. 坐車(飛機(jī)、輪船):一般都需要等 5. 事故(災(zāi)難):光明原則,一般不會(huì)死人

      6. 聽講座:題目一般是比較有趣豐富的,內(nèi)容一般是比較復(fù)雜難懂的 7. 論文:一般需要修改(polish)或重寫(rewrite)

      8. 休閑:男生一般喜歡待在家里看TV或者看movie,女生一般喜歡高雅藝術(shù)如theater

      9. 醫(yī)院:需要預(yù)約make an appointment 10買票:基本上是買不到的 短對(duì)話的常見場(chǎng)景

      1.學(xué)校場(chǎng)景 課程分類

      Optional course 選修課 Required course 必修課 Day course 白天的課 Evening course 晚上的課

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的科目或?qū)I(yè) Chinese 中文 English 英語

      mathematic 數(shù)學(xué) history 歷史 chemistry 化學(xué) Literature 文學(xué) 考試

      Final exam 期終考試 middle exam 期中考試 make up 補(bǔ)考 test測(cè)驗(yàn)

      pop test 事先沒有說好的測(cè)驗(yàn) quiz 測(cè)驗(yàn) oral test 口試 考試臨近

      draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考試延期或取消

      delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone 學(xué)校分類

      public school 公立學(xué)校 private school 私立學(xué)校 religious school 教會(huì)學(xué)校 學(xué)校中的人 president 校長 dean 院長 professor 教授 lecturer 講師

      coordinator 管理員 doctor 博士 master 碩士 bachelor 學(xué)士

      freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二學(xué)生 junior 大三學(xué)生 senior 大四學(xué)生 圖書館

      借書 lend / borrow / check out 參考書 reference book 續(xù)借 renew 過期 overdue 還書 return 罰金 fine

      / put off / suspend 天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      attend / have a lecture 上課 cut a class 逃課

      miss a class 錯(cuò)過了課 scholarship 榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 assistantship 助教獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 teaching assistant 助教 research assistant 助研 semester 學(xué)期

      2.交通運(yùn)輸場(chǎng)景 fare 車票 licence 駕照

      rush hours 高峰時(shí)間 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超車

      one way street 單行道 over speed 超速 police officer 交警 ticket 罰單 fine 罰金

      fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 機(jī)動(dòng)車道 super way 飛機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)車道 free way 免費(fèi)高速公路

      交通工具(出現(xiàn)頻率從高到低)

      plane / train(女)/ bus / bike(女)/ walk(女)(女):女生比較喜歡 tunnel / channel 隧道 ring road 環(huán)線

      subway(美)/ underground(英)地鐵 metro 地道地鐵 underpass人行地道 overhead 輕軌 flyover 人行天橋 mag – lev 磁懸浮 take a taxi 乘出租車

      call a taxi 招出租車/訂出租車 catch a train / bus 趕火車/汽車 3.電話場(chǎng)景

      mobile phone 手機(jī) pay phone 公用電話

      telephone box/booth 電話亭 yellow page 黃頁

      / taxi 天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      dial(撥電話號(hào)碼)/ press(按電話號(hào)碼)extension 分機(jī) operator 總機(jī) put~through 接通

      wrong number / there is no one by this name 電話號(hào)碼錯(cuò)了/ 沒有這個(gè)人 is not in 不在?be not in hold on 不要掛斷,稍等 take/leave a message 留言 hang up / get off 掛斷 credit call 記賬式電話

      bill the call into the 3rd party 免費(fèi)電話 collect call 對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話

      4.機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景

      plane / craft 飛機(jī) book 訂票

      timetable 時(shí)間表 destination 目的地 open ticket one way ticket 單程票 round trip ticket 來回票

      non-stop / direct flight 直航

      transfer / lay over / stop over 轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)

      first / business / economy cabin 頭等 / 商務(wù) / 經(jīng)濟(jì) 艙 confirm the flight 確認(rèn)航班 check in 登記

      boarding card 登機(jī)牌 security check 安檢 see off 送行 送別時(shí)的祝語

      keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系 safe landing 安全著陸 board 登機(jī) take off 起飛 departure 離港

      safety / sect belt 安全帶 land 著陸 arrival 進(jìn)港 pick up 接機(jī)

      5.公司場(chǎng)景

      job vacancy 有空缺職位 letter of application 求職信 resume 簡(jiǎn)歷

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      resume包括幾部分

      basic / personal info.基本信息/個(gè)人資料 academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) certificates and honours interview 面試 offer 聘用信

      work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) work overtime 加班 ask for a raise 加錢 wage 周薪 salary 日薪 bonus獎(jiǎng)金 allowance 津貼

      annual income 年收入 promotion 升職 fire 解雇 resign 辭職 retire 退休 laid-off 下崗

      work / job / career / course 工作 post / position / vocation / title 職務(wù) 假期休息的說法(依次是從大到?。﹉oliday 假日,假期 vacation 休假

      annual leave 年假 sick leave 病假 rest 休息

      break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break away 離開一會(huì) 公司職位從大到小

      chairman of the board

      president--general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist(專員)--clerk

      6.租房場(chǎng)景

      live on campus 住校 live off campus 住校外 for sale 可銷售的房子

      for rent / lease 可出租的房子 to let 同上 rent 租金

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      utilities 公用事業(yè)費(fèi) location 位置

      suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心 condition 住房條件 furnished 配家具 unfurnished 無裝修 leaking 漏水 blackout 斷電 environment 環(huán)境 transportation 交通 land lord 房東

      land lady 房東太太 tenant 房客

      roommate 室友

      好的室友:neat 整潔的 considerate 體貼的,細(xì)心的不好的室友:messy / untidy 臟亂的 noisy 吵鬧的

      7.醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景

      see a doctor 去醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生 send for a doctor 讓醫(yī)生出診

      health center / clinic 衛(wèi)生所 / 門診部 physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科醫(yī)生 dentist 牙醫(yī)

      make an appointment 預(yù)約 emergency 急診

      check up / exam 檢查

      cold(感冒)—— flu(流感)—— headache(頭痛)—— sore throat(嗓子痛)——

      fever(發(fā)燒)—— toothache(牙疼)—— stomachache(胃疼)prescribe 開藥方 pill / tablet 藥片 liquid 喝藥水

      injection => shot 注射 operation 手術(shù)

      medical result 診斷結(jié)果

      8.賓館場(chǎng)景

      make a reservation 預(yù)訂房間 confirm a reservation 確認(rèn)預(yù)訂 cancel a reservation 取消預(yù)訂 fully booked / full up / full 客滿 porter 行旅員

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      tips 小費(fèi)

      reception 前臺(tái) check in 登記入住 single room 單人房

      double room 一張大床的雙人房 twin room 兩張單人床的雙人房 suite 套房

      bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 廁所

      room service 客房服務(wù)(四級(jí)聽力中的客房服務(wù)一般只有考一種——送餐)lounge 男士用休息區(qū) lobby 大堂

      business center 商務(wù)中心 salon 美容廳 ball 舞廳 bar 酒吧

      night club 夜總會(huì) check out 退房

      9.郵局場(chǎng)景

      post / send / mail 寄 letter / mail 信

      registered mail 掛號(hào)信 regular mail平信 airmail 航空信

      parcel / package 包裹 telegram / cable 電報(bào) rate 費(fèi)率

      overweight 超重 postage 郵資 email 電子郵件 reply 回復(fù) forward 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

      cc(carbon copy)抄送

      bcc(blind carbon copy)秘密抄送 subject 主題

      attach 附件attachment

      10.飯店場(chǎng)景 eat out 出去吃 take away 外帶 fast food 快餐

      book a table 訂位子

      waiter / waitness 服務(wù)員waitress menu 菜單

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      order 點(diǎn)菜

      appetizer 開胃菜 main course 主食 dessert 餐后甜點(diǎn) bill 賬單

      service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi) change 找零 tips 小費(fèi)

      keep the change 不用找零了

      11.其他 closed 關(guān)門 open 開門

      office hours / business hours / working hours 工作時(shí)間,營業(yè)時(shí)間 關(guān)于開關(guān)

      power on / off 開/關(guān) turn on / off 開/關(guān)

      switch on / off 開/ 關(guān)(這個(gè)詞只能用于與電有關(guān)的開關(guān),不能用于水龍頭之類的開關(guān))干杯 cheers

      propose a toast to bottom up the best book 最好的書圣經(jīng) the best thing 最好的事情選擇 the last thing 最不愿意做的事情 the last man 最不愿意見的人 best seller 暢銷的東西 sell up 賣完,賣光 售罄

      sell out賣完,賣光 售罄 / 出賣朋友或原則 sell off 低價(jià)處理庫存商品 selling machine 自動(dòng)售貨機(jī) selling point 賣點(diǎn) count the days 渴望

      count on = dependent / rely on depend on count in 把……考慮在內(nèi) count for nothing 一錢不值 count for little 無足輕重 count for much 舉足輕重 count down 倒計(jì)時(shí) count up 相加 count up to 共計(jì) 關(guān)于旅行 travel

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      journey 陸上長途旅行 trip 陸上短途旅行 outing 遠(yuǎn)足 stroll 散步 wander 徘徊 picnic 野餐 camping 野營 tour 周游

      cruise 水上短途旅行 voyage 水上長途旅行

      關(guān)于死亡的說法

      沒有感情色彩的:die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒義的: pass away 貶義的:kick the bucket

      關(guān)于和別人相處的好的說法

      get on with = get along(well)with be in good term with live in peace with 關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào) point out emphasize lay / put emphasis on give emphasis to 達(dá)成協(xié)議找到出路 find a way out

      reach an agreement reach a consensus 關(guān)于―得失‖

      gains and losses give and take

      關(guān)于拜訪

      drop in / at / over / by stop in / over / by call on sb call at / round sw look in / up pay a visit to pay / make a call to

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      關(guān)于碰見,偶遇 come across run into bump into happen to meet 關(guān)于花錢、花費(fèi)的詞 Take Spend Cost Charge Pay Buy

      關(guān)于水 water

      running / tap ~ 自來水 fresh ~ 活水 still ~ 死水 pure ~ 純凈水 purified ~ 凈化水 mineral ~ 礦泉水

      be used to do 被用于 be used to dong習(xí)慣于

      get used to doing 漸漸習(xí)慣于 used to do 過去常常

      單復(fù)數(shù)意思不太一樣的詞 ruin 毀滅 ruins 廢墟

      authority 權(quán)威 authorities 當(dāng)局 brain 頭腦 brains 智力,智慧 custom 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣 customs 海關(guān)

      damage 破壞,損壞 damages 賠償費(fèi) ground 地面 土地 grounds 院子,監(jiān)獄 manner 禮貌 方式 manners 外貌 minute 分鐘 minutes 會(huì)議記錄 paper 紙張 papers 試卷 time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代

      關(guān)于―調(diào)查‖ research survey 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查

      opinion poll 名義調(diào)查民意調(diào)查 questionnaire 問卷調(diào)查

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      investigation 很正式的調(diào)查 interview 會(huì)見,訪談 belong to 屬于 participate in 參加

      be engaged in 從事、參加

      be involved in 卷入 消磨時(shí)間 kill time pass time count one’s thumbs 用完、缺少 run out of be short of

      be lack in lack of / in

      a little 一點(diǎn) not a little 很多 a bit 一點(diǎn) not a bit 一點(diǎn)也沒有

      短對(duì)話中常用單詞和句型

      1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的說法 expect / hope / wish be eager / anxious /dying to look for ward to wait / yean / thirst / long for can not wait counting the days

      2.下列詞語與―but‖一樣含有轉(zhuǎn)折的的意思 actually well really in fact as a matter of fact to tell you the truth

      3.表示建議的句型

      how about…… 做……如何 I heard about…… 我聽說…… If I were you …… 如果我是你……

      It seems to me that…… 在我看來似乎……

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      Let’s …… shall we ? 讓我們……怎么樣? Let us …… will you ? 讓我們……怎么樣? Shall I / we ……

      What about …… 做……如何

      Why don’t you …… 你為什么不…… Why not + 動(dòng)詞原型 為什么不…… Would you like …… 你要……嗎?

      Wouldn’t …… be better / wiser 做……不是更好嗎? 4.表示同意、附和的句型 I agree with you Exactly

      I couldn’t agree with you more / better I think so I can’t wait any minute Believe it or not I will …… if 假如……我就會(huì) It’s my turn 輪到我了 我請(qǐng)客 Why not ? You are right

      I guess so 我猜也是 No problem 沒問題 Of cause

      Out of question 毫無疑問 So do I / me too 我也是

      Sure / absolutely / beautiful 當(dāng)然,很好 Good idea

      That sounds really nice 聽起來真不錯(cuò)

      5.表示詢問的句型

      Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么問題嗎?

      Can you give me some ideas 可以給我一些建議嗎? Do you know …… Do you want to……

      Do you find any wrong with 你覺得……有什么不對(duì)勁嗎? How long will it take 做什么要花多久 I am thinking of …… 我正在考慮做…… I suppose think …… 我猜想……

      What’s your plane plan 你的計(jì)劃是什么? What happens if …… 如果……怎么辦? What shall we do 我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?6.表示否定的句型

      Actually / as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上…… How can you do sth 你怎么可以……

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再煩我 I couldn’t agree with you I didn’t men to 我本不打算 I don’t think so

      It doesn’t matter 無所謂 I wish …… 但愿……

      I’d like to but 我很愿意但是…… I’d love to but I just can’t bear I am afraid not I am sorry but …… is not everything ……不是關(guān)鍵 no bother / why bother 不要麻煩 no , thanks really That’s his opinion To tell you the truth Well , as far as I know

      7.表示―不得不‖

      have to 表示客觀上不得不做某事 must 主觀上的必須做某事 be bound to cannot but have no choice but 8.表示―遲到‖ behind time be delayed / overdue behind schedule be late

      9.表示―緊張‖ tremble shake all over get one’s tongue tied have one’s mind go blank nervous

      10.以下詞組聽到后意思取反 mean to 想要…… planned to 原計(jì)劃…… intended to 原打算…… tended to

      used to 過去常常……

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      11.以下句型要引起重視,重點(diǎn)聽取,就算本身不是考點(diǎn)也一定直接引向考點(diǎn) 反意疑問句(……,didn’t you ?)反問句 倒裝句

      助動(dòng)詞 do / did / does it is …… that / who / when…… 的句型

      正確答案的特征

      1. 含義肯定的不是正確選項(xiàng),模糊的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思具體的不是正確選項(xiàng),概括的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思詳細(xì)的不是正確選項(xiàng),抽象的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思膚淺的不是正確選項(xiàng),深刻的是正確選項(xiàng) 2. 含有一下單詞的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

      neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none 3. 含有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)的一般可能是正確選項(xiàng)

      系表結(jié)構(gòu)(系動(dòng)詞+標(biāo)語表語)比較結(jié)構(gòu)(……than……)復(fù)合句 4. 含有四級(jí)詞匯替換項(xiàng)的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

      5. 表示―同意或不同意‖,―喜歡或不喜歡‖,―應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該的‖的一般為正確選項(xiàng) 6. 以下三種選項(xiàng)一般其中有一個(gè)可能是正確選項(xiàng) 反意項(xiàng) 形似項(xiàng)近似項(xiàng)

      7. 同意項(xiàng)不可能是正確選項(xiàng),等例排除。等立排除 8. 絕對(duì)化選項(xiàng),一般不是正確答案,可直接排除 關(guān)于時(shí)間推斷題 1. 直接聽到的不選

      2. 極限值即值最大和最小的選項(xiàng)一般不選

      關(guān)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題

      1. 災(zāi)難題(如飛機(jī)失事、交通事故):一般選總和 2. 號(hào)碼題

      double 表示兩個(gè),double two =22 triple 表示三個(gè),triple two = 222 凡是遇到一時(shí)反映不過來或聽不懂的數(shù)字一般為―0‖ 3. 價(jià)格計(jì)算題

      打折題discount discount of 10% 表示打9折 此類題目一般選第二大的數(shù)字(最大的一般是原價(jià),第二大的一般就是打完折的)

      單價(jià)題 one / each 此類題目較難也很少考,一般在有倍數(shù)關(guān)系的一對(duì)數(shù)字中選小的那個(gè)

      語段題部分 語段題概述

      從文章題材來分:三分之二考說明文,三分之一考記敘文,偶爾也考議論文,新聞報(bào)道

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      從文章內(nèi)容來分:二分之一考社科類,三分之一考故事,其他還考自然科學(xué),人物傳記

      語段題常靠的八種文章

      1. 學(xué)校題材(劍橋大學(xué)等)

      重點(diǎn):學(xué)校的地理位置,資金來源,校園環(huán)境,師生情況,課程情況,圖書館,課外活動(dòng),學(xué)校特色

      2. 機(jī)構(gòu)介紹(監(jiān)獄,圖書館等)重點(diǎn):地點(diǎn),規(guī)模,制度,專業(yè) 3. 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)

      重點(diǎn):轟動(dòng)效應(yīng),背景(產(chǎn)生的原因),大眾觀點(diǎn),作者態(tài)度 4. 災(zāi)難題(毒品,車禍等)

      重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)栴}類型,起因,危害,解決方法(尤其是科學(xué)家、研究人員提出的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、方法、結(jié)論)5. 新聞?lì)}

      重點(diǎn):when where who why which(what)how 6. 人物題

      重點(diǎn):生卒年月、出生地、成就(貢獻(xiàn))、坎坷遭遇、結(jié)局 7. 科普題(太陽風(fēng)等)

      重點(diǎn):物體特征、形成原因、分類、最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和初步結(jié)論 8. 故事

      重點(diǎn):主人公遭遇、變故、主人公做的決定、原因、結(jié)局

      語段題10大解題原則

      1. 聽即原則:所聽即所得,聽到什么就選什么(正好與短對(duì)話相反,短對(duì)話時(shí)聽到的一般不選)

      2. 重讀原則:某單詞被反復(fù)讀到或是在語音上加以重讀,因引起重視如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)很可能是正確答案

      3. 順序原則:出題順序一般與行文順序相同除了主題題和部分說明文

      4. 主題原則:主題一般出現(xiàn)在段落的頭尾部分,所以要集中精力聽清前三句話和最后兩句話

      5. 原因原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示原因,目的的很有可能是考點(diǎn)如:because so as 等詞前后要著重聽

      6. 轉(zhuǎn)則原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)則的詞如:but however yet 等,后面的句子往往是考點(diǎn),要引起重視

      7. 光明原則:事情一般都是向著好的方面發(fā)展的,主人公多數(shù)是大難不死的,事情總是逢兇化吉,絕處逢生的 8. 男女原則:同短對(duì)話

      9. 窮學(xué)生原則:學(xué)生一般都是比較窮的,不能繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)一般都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因,因?yàn)楦F一般還比較喜歡DIY一些東西

      10.偏怪小原則:一般故事總是稀奇古怪的,經(jīng)過總是曲折離奇的,結(jié)局總是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中 語段題的做提步驟

      1. 先預(yù)讀備選項(xiàng),從備選項(xiàng)推測(cè)文章的體裁和大致內(nèi)容

      2. 更據(jù)十大原則和該類文章的重點(diǎn)大致推測(cè)考點(diǎn)可能出現(xiàn)的位置

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      3. 聽語段,尤其抓住標(biāo)志詞,確定考點(diǎn)

      4. 聽問題,將原文的意思對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)。確定考點(diǎn)后用原文對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng) 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)一般有四種情況按難度依次為 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)中的用詞和原文完全一樣

      同義復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)中用一個(gè)同義詞或詞組替換原文中的詞近義復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)與原文意思相近,但換了一種表達(dá)方式

      反意復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)正好相反,但意思是一樣的如:原文說如果怎樣就會(huì)怎樣,選項(xiàng)說如果不怎么樣就會(huì)如何。十大類標(biāo)志詞

      據(jù)研究有90%以上的考點(diǎn)都是由標(biāo)志詞引導(dǎo)活提示的,因此在語段聽力中聽到下列標(biāo)志詞時(shí)要引起高度的重視,集中注意力聽清標(biāo)志詞前后的句子。

      1. 最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

      形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)、most / chief / primary / main / leading / …… 2. 唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

      only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / …… 3. 因果項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的問句 / …… 4. 轉(zhuǎn)則項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞

      despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~(yet)~ / not only ~ but also ~ / …… 5. 序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      所有的序數(shù)詞(first , second)/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / …… 6. 時(shí)間項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / …… 7. 解釋項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / …… 8. 目的項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞 to / for / ……

      9. 總結(jié)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / …… 10.強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      副詞:especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……

      動(dòng)詞:show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……

      說明文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      說明文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 選項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)潔概括、不完整句子居多,最多有一至二題細(xì)節(jié)體

      2. 選項(xiàng)往往比較抽象,一般以 it / they / man / woman /等抽象名詞做主語 3. 選項(xiàng)往往表達(dá)因果、目的、手段的小詞 如:because / by / to 4. 選項(xiàng)具備科學(xué)性、客觀性的特點(diǎn),但選項(xiàng)之間缺乏邏輯關(guān)系

      說明文的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 文章緊緊圍繞一個(gè)事物或事件進(jìn)行描述,深入淺出,要求知其所以然 2. 文章緊扣一個(gè)中心事物,著重描寫一個(gè)熟悉事物的與眾不同處

      3. 語言平實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)潔、明白,有時(shí)會(huì)用以下修辭方法:分類法、舉例子、做比較、列數(shù)字

      4. 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,多為總分結(jié)構(gòu)

      5. 開篇引題,重點(diǎn)不分明。但以設(shè)問開頭的說明文除外。

      標(biāo)志詞常出現(xiàn)的位置 1. 在每個(gè)層次的啟承處

      判斷個(gè)層次的啟承主要有兩種方法一種是聽序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞如:on the other hand / another / second等等;第二種是聽―氣‖即語速,語音,語調(diào)有所變化的地方。2. 段落開頭、結(jié)尾處,前三后二 科技類說明文

      重點(diǎn)注意三個(gè)―age‖即 advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì) disadvantage 劣勢(shì) usage 用途

      環(huán)境類說明文

      重點(diǎn)在于產(chǎn)生環(huán)境問題的原因及解決方法 實(shí)驗(yàn)類說明文 重點(diǎn)在于:

      實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?shí)驗(yàn)手段、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 演講類說明文 重點(diǎn)在于:

      演講主題、說話人的觀點(diǎn)、文章走向 應(yīng)該重視的原則 聽即原則 主題原則 層次原則 原因原則 轉(zhuǎn)折原則

      求異原則 注意事物的與眾不同處

      替換原則 數(shù)字,年代等一般需要重新定位

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      記敘文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

      記敘文的內(nèi)容一般為記敘人物經(jīng)歷,故事、事物發(fā)展過程、游記等 記敘文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 提供大量細(xì)節(jié),選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常有時(shí)間名、地點(diǎn)名、人物名。

      2. 選項(xiàng)基本是完整的句子主語常為he / she / the man / the women 3. 選項(xiàng)多位敘述性的句子,比一般說明文來的長 4. 選項(xiàng)符合時(shí)間順序,但沒有邏輯關(guān)系 記敘文的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 人物簡(jiǎn)單,事實(shí)清楚,中心明確 2. 故事情節(jié)相對(duì)完整 3. 故事本身無主題無重點(diǎn)

      4. 寫作方法一般有順敘和倒敘兩種,以順敘為主倒敘為輔 5. 敘述順序一般有兩種:時(shí)間順序和事務(wù)發(fā)展順序 記敘文可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn) 1. 考主題 前三句后兩句 2. 考原因 3. 考轉(zhuǎn)折

      4. 靠順序,時(shí)間順序,事物發(fā)展順序

      5. 考對(duì)話,可在選項(xiàng)旁邊適當(dāng)做筆記如:a選項(xiàng)是tom說的那就在a旁邊寫個(gè)t,反之如果選項(xiàng)是人名,那么就在每個(gè)人名邊上寫下這人說的話中最關(guān)鍵的一詞 記敘文解題應(yīng)該重視的原則

      1. 聽即原則,尤其重視重讀、重讀現(xiàn)象 2. 主題原則,段首往往是考點(diǎn)

      3. 特別重視三類標(biāo)志詞:因果 轉(zhuǎn)折 時(shí)間 4. 光明原則:事情一般都是逢兇化吉的

      5. 偏怪小原則:事情結(jié)局一般總是出人意料的,如果沒聽清楚切忌按常理推斷,要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那個(gè)

      新聞稿類型文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思路

      新聞稿的選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) 1. 選項(xiàng)具有時(shí)效性 2. 選項(xiàng)具有災(zāi)難性 新聞稿的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 文章敘事的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種:金字塔型和倒金字塔型。四級(jí)聽力語段一般為金字塔型,即最重要的放在最前面,導(dǎo)語引領(lǐng)全文

      2. 注重實(shí)效性,在原文和選項(xiàng)中都體現(xiàn)出剛發(fā)生的感覺,有時(shí)還會(huì)涉及將來時(shí) 3. 內(nèi)容一般是兩大類:天災(zāi),人禍 新聞稿可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn) 1. 考導(dǎo)語即第一句話

      2. 靠賓語 即語段中線類似 It is said / reported / pronounces / declared /……/ that …… 這樣的句子,那么―that‖后面的句子是極有可能是考點(diǎn)。3. 考查四方面的信息:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)字

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      4. 考轉(zhuǎn)折 5. 考原因

      議論文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思 議論文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 選項(xiàng)多位概括性的句子 2. 選項(xiàng)有表明觀點(diǎn)的作用 3. 選項(xiàng)有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系 議論文文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 在三大要素中(論點(diǎn)、論證、論據(jù))論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)是文章的重點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)一般在文章開頭,篇尾也會(huì)點(diǎn)題

      2. 文章通俗易懂,道理淺顯,說理的過程敘事化 3. 主題明確,圍繞一個(gè)論點(diǎn)展開

      4. 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,一般為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。小論點(diǎn)明顯,態(tài)度鮮明 議論文的常見考點(diǎn)

      1. 考論點(diǎn),中心論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)都是必考的

      2. 考問答,文章中出現(xiàn)設(shè)問及其回答都是很重要的 3. 考觀點(diǎn):如think……,suppose ……

      4. 標(biāo)志詞(最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞,唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞,原因項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞,轉(zhuǎn)折項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞)

      復(fù)合式聽寫部分

      復(fù)合式聽寫答題順序及技巧

      聽之前:pre – listening 1. 對(duì)全文進(jìn)行全局性預(yù)覽:尤其是第一句(topic)最后一句(conclusion)2. 觀察空格前后的特殊現(xiàn)象,判斷詞性,單復(fù)數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 聽之時(shí):while-listening

      原則:精聽,速記,以聽為主,以記為輔。如何速記

      1. 省略虛詞如:如冠詞,助動(dòng)詞等

      2. 遇到詞組記每個(gè)單詞首字母如 break down 就記作B D,但一定要自己看得懂的

      3. 長單詞記前三個(gè)字母 如:experience 就記作 exp 4. 符號(hào)記憶 如:more than 就記作‖>‖ less than 記作 ―<‖ equal to 記作 ―=‖等等

      5. 混合記憶 就是把上面幾種方法混合起來用,還可以夾雜中文字等等

      6. 隨便記憶 如果實(shí)在一時(shí)想不出是什么詞,就用拼音,音標(biāo)或者讀音相近的詞先把他記下來??傊褪遣还軐?duì)錯(cuò),先把大致讀音記下來再說,然后等有時(shí)間再慢慢研究。

      7. 無論采取何種記錄方法最重要的原則是記得自己看得懂,待會(huì)能很方便的回想和復(fù)原出來。不要記得到時(shí)候自己也想不起來是什么東西。

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      聽之后:after – listening 全面檢查和補(bǔ)全前面記錄下的東西 1. 檢查漏詞

      a 檢查漏掉的:介詞(in on at ……),冠詞(a an the),代詞(it this that ……)

      b 漏詞綴:漏掉單詞前綴,漏掉非謂語形式(―ing‖……),漏掉過去時(shí)態(tài)(最容易出錯(cuò)的是以下四個(gè)短語 decided to / surprised to / learned to / started to)2. 檢查錯(cuò)詞

      a 長單詞容易發(fā)生拼寫錯(cuò)誤,要仔細(xì)檢查一遍

      b 短單詞容易和同音異義詞混淆,檢查時(shí)要和上下文連起來看看意思是不是對(duì) 3. 檢查大小寫

      人名 地名 國家名 時(shí)間名(月份什么)節(jié)日名 書名 文件名 商標(biāo)名 歷史事件名 宗教名首字都要大寫 句首單詞首字母也要大寫

      4. 檢查名詞單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí),動(dòng)詞事態(tài),語態(tài)

      關(guān)于最后三句話的聽寫注意事項(xiàng)和技巧

      這個(gè)三句話一般比較難,要全部聽出來有一定難度。但無論如何有兩點(diǎn)要避免,1. 把句子寫成一個(gè)個(gè)單詞,把沒聽見的地方位置空出來。這個(gè)是絕對(duì)不可取的,老師看都不用看肯定扣分。因?yàn)檫@都不是句子嘛!

      2. 把句子的內(nèi)容不斷的涂改,搞的卷面非常難看。這個(gè)首先給老師的印象就很惡劣,然后如果有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤本來可以扣0.5分,1分什么的,這下就說不定全部扣光了

      所以不管對(duì)錯(cuò)都要把句子寫成貌似像一個(gè)句子,要整潔不要涂涂改改,最好還沒有語法錯(cuò)誤。一般可以有四種做法:

      1. 逐字逐句聽寫(適合比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子或比較牛的同學(xué))2. 聽懂之后寫句子大意,無語法錯(cuò)誤(適合于比較長的句子)

      比較常用的方法是判斷這句話表達(dá)的是正面的意思還是反面的意思,正面的意思嘗試用 it is good / important 之類的句子改寫 反面的意思嘗試用 it is bad / harmful 之類的句子改寫

      3. 前后隨便抄一句(反正空著也是空著,就隨便寫一句咯。:P 因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熤挥写鸢笡]有考卷的啦。對(duì)是肯定不對(duì)的但總比空著強(qiáng))

      4. 呵呵,連隨便抄抄這種方法也講了,還剩下什么呢?這個(gè)我就不說了,估計(jì)大多數(shù)人也是不會(huì)用地說 :)

      反正做復(fù)合式聽寫不管聽得如何最重要的就是死也不能空著!因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熞惶煲膸装俜菥碜?,空著太醒目了一看就是扣分,而且給老師的第一印象就是這個(gè)同學(xué)水平很差然后說不定就沒興趣看了。單詞實(shí)在不會(huì)拼,千萬不要空著,如有一兩個(gè)字母吃不準(zhǔn)可以寫的花一點(diǎn)即像這個(gè)又像那個(gè)。如果完全不會(huì)拼就隨便按照發(fā)音規(guī)則拼一個(gè)貌似的單詞。句子么前面已經(jīng)說過了一定要寫得貌似一個(gè)完整的句子。反正錯(cuò)了是理所當(dāng)然的因?yàn)楸緛砭筒粚?duì),沒什么好后悔,but(強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折)萬一閱卷的老師眼神不好算你對(duì)了,那是就檢了便宜了啦。

      最后說幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

      1. 切忌拿到考卷就去翻看作文題,因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)打亂你正常的思路,或不知不覺開始構(gòu)思或造成不必要的緊張,而這都勢(shì)必會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你聽力的效果。作文最后

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      有專門整塊的時(shí)間可以構(gòu)思和寫作,完全沒有必要這樣迫不及待。

      2. 拿到考卷后除了填準(zhǔn)考證什么的就因馬上把思想集中在聽力部分,因?yàn)檫@是考試中唯一只有一次機(jī)會(huì)的題目。機(jī)不可失,失不再來。

      3. 預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該從最后一篇文章往前讀,因?yàn)閟ection b 的 direction 很較短且選項(xiàng)難度也較大,所以很可能會(huì)來不及讀的。所以尤其是后兩篇文章的選項(xiàng)一定要先讀,第一篇實(shí)在來不及還可以在direction時(shí)讀。但在預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),耳朵一定要注意聽 當(dāng)聽到section a 的 direction 讀到中間有個(gè)―therefore‖這個(gè)單詞時(shí)(這個(gè)單詞在那個(gè)例子講完后一點(diǎn)),無論看到哪里都馬上停下來回到section a 讀第一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)楱Dtherefore‖這個(gè)單詞到第一題開始正好是10秒,而后面每一題的間隔也正好是10秒。大家一定要讓自己適應(yīng)在10秒內(nèi)讀完四個(gè)選項(xiàng),要知道如果來不及的話也就意味著后面的題目你統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都來不及,因?yàn)楹竺娴?0秒還要去除答前面一題的時(shí)間呢。

      4. 答題的時(shí)間一般最長不要超過4秒至少要留6秒時(shí)間給下一道題的預(yù)讀。前6秒答題,后8秒預(yù)讀下一題選項(xiàng)。超過4秒還選不出答案的要么就隨便選,要么就記下點(diǎn)什么待會(huì)再選。而且事實(shí)證明在4秒鐘之內(nèi)不能選出答案的,就算選了錯(cuò)誤的幾率也是非常大的。所以千萬不要拼命狂想,否則后面的就是多米諾骨牌式的效應(yīng)了。

      5. 考前注意休息,營養(yǎng)均衡,早餐定時(shí)定量。

      6. 強(qiáng)烈建議考試當(dāng)天早上不要看什么單詞書,也不要聽什么聽力,也不要背什么作文。因?yàn)閷?duì)于絕大多數(shù)的同學(xué)而言,到了這時(shí)候再看這些已經(jīng)不會(huì)有什么太大的作用反而只會(huì)莫名其妙的增加自己緊張和不安的情緒,而這對(duì)于考試絕對(duì)是不利的。

      7. 對(duì)于少部分考試慢熱型但心理素質(zhì)又很好的同學(xué)早上也可以隨便拿一套聽得很熟得真題來聽聽,但就算要聽也一定要聽平時(shí)聽得滾瓜爛熟的千萬不要找陌生的來聽。(不太推薦)這不是我說的。

      8. 古人云,不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵,很大程度上取決于心理因素。所以不要給自己任何負(fù)面的心理暗示,早上起來大聲地告訴自己我這次一定可以過的,我很強(qiáng)的。然后可以聽一些輕音樂之類的舒緩自己緊張的情緒。

      再次萬分的感謝tom老師的講課

      [原創(chuàng)]四級(jí)聽力之——如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力(國內(nèi)部徐星海)引子

      如何有效備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力?如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)大幅提高自身水平?隨著十二月份的四級(jí)考試的臨近,越來越多的考生面臨著這樣的一個(gè)尷尬局面:有時(shí)間的時(shí)候,忽視了日積月累的復(fù)習(xí);而意識(shí)到復(fù)習(xí)的重要性的時(shí)候,時(shí)間又非常緊迫了。古人云,―不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵‖,意思就是在打仗之前,就已經(jīng)通過各種各樣的非戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),勝敗已見分曉。同樣的,我們四級(jí)的考生也一定要贏在起跑線上:建立起正確的迎考態(tài)度,按照正確的復(fù)習(xí)方法和節(jié)奏,有條不紊地進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)工作。心理準(zhǔn)備

      首先我們必須明確:冰凍三尺,非一日之寒;英語學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)長期積累的過程,短期的突擊無異于舍本逐末、杯水車薪。然而,這并不意味著我們不能夠通過掌握考試規(guī)律來調(diào)整我們的臨考狀態(tài)、提高我們的應(yīng)考能力。本文目的就是與廣大考生共同分享如何利用應(yīng)試規(guī)律、最大限度地發(fā)揮同學(xué)們的四級(jí)聽力水平的。當(dāng)然,我們還是需要反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào):英語水平是不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性飛躍的,盡管,考生的應(yīng)試水平可以通過科學(xué)的方法有效地提高。

      想要在四級(jí)考場(chǎng)中最大程度發(fā)揮潛能、取得完勝,考生首先要在心理上取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。不僅是對(duì)于初次考級(jí)的新考生,對(duì)于老考生來說,四級(jí)的成敗很大程度上取決于心理因素。心理上,我們必須戒驕戒躁,排除任何雜念,越是臨近考試,就越是要冷靜執(zhí)著,堅(jiān)韌不拔。考生的心中只需要有一個(gè)信念:兩個(gè)月,我只要兩個(gè)月復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)就綽綽有余了,我一定能夠畢其功于一役!

      同時(shí),我們必須有這樣的心理準(zhǔn)備:隨著四、六級(jí)考試改革的深入,會(huì)有更多,更新,更難的題目,包括聽力題目和題型出現(xiàn)。有了這樣的思想準(zhǔn)備,一旦出現(xiàn)某種沒有預(yù)料到的題型,或者是某些罕見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),就反而迎合了我們打硬仗的心理準(zhǔn)備。我們就能夠真正地在戰(zhàn)略上輕視四級(jí)考試,在戰(zhàn)術(shù)上重視四級(jí)考試。表現(xiàn)出我不入地獄、誰入地獄的氣概。

      當(dāng)然,我們花了大量的時(shí)間和精力來復(fù)習(xí)英語、準(zhǔn)備考試肯定不是為收集準(zhǔn)考證而來的。所以,一旦在考場(chǎng)中出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的意外情況,我們能夠、也必須有處驚不變的能力,及時(shí)調(diào)整考試心態(tài)、從容不迫地應(yīng)答。須知,四級(jí)考試是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試,對(duì)于每個(gè)考生而言,都是公平的。事實(shí)上,歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明:題目要求越是高,難度越是大,考生的發(fā)揮余地也就越大。挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇是正相關(guān)的。實(shí)戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備

      毫無疑問,一個(gè)考生的應(yīng)試水平,其實(shí),也是基于一定的英語基礎(chǔ)之上的。所謂弱不受補(bǔ),任何的技巧和方法都或多或少地需要對(duì)于英語有比較基本而扎實(shí)的掌握。所以,想要盡快提高自己的應(yīng)試水平,首先就是要盡快提高自己的英語水平。當(dāng)然,既然考生的目標(biāo)非常明確、而且只有一個(gè):四級(jí),那么就應(yīng)該把有限的時(shí)間和精力投入到無限的為四級(jí)而準(zhǔn)備的工作中去。雖然,同樣是測(cè)試一個(gè)考生的英語語言運(yùn)用能力,但是國外有雅思考試、托??荚嚕瑖鴥?nèi)有專業(yè)四、八級(jí),大學(xué)四、六級(jí)等等,她們的考試目的,手段,和評(píng)價(jià)體系都不盡相同。由此可見,復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)的最好方法,不過六個(gè)字:真題!真題!真題??!可以說,真題的重要性在任何考試中都到了無可復(fù)加的地步。只有真題才能夠體現(xiàn)出考試的所有特點(diǎn),四級(jí)考試當(dāng)然也不例外。達(dá)成了這個(gè)共識(shí),我們就需要解決另外一個(gè)問題:如何有效地利用有限的真題。

      據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),保留完整的四級(jí)真題不超過三十套,所以,真題的資源是非常有限,甚

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      至是稀缺的。所以,做真題,不僅僅是一個(gè)做題的過程,而且是一個(gè)做精做透,精益求精,不斷提高的過程。那么怎么樣才能在聽真題的時(shí)候達(dá)到以上的要求呢?根據(jù)聽真題的不同層次,基本上,可以把聽題分為以下五個(gè)階段: 1. 初聽

      眾所周知,聽真題時(shí)的第一感覺是無法取代的。第一次聽題,是對(duì)考生聽力的一次全新考驗(yàn),所以,大部分考生也非常重視測(cè)分。但是由于太重視分?jǐn)?shù),往往剛聽完一個(gè)部分就開始對(duì)答案,甚至每聽一題就對(duì)一題的答案。應(yīng)該說,這樣的做法首先干擾了正常的做題程序,而且使考生養(yǎng)成依賴答案的習(xí)慣,最后也很難達(dá)到預(yù)期的做題效果,畢竟,在考場(chǎng)里,考生聽題必須一氣呵成,在整整二十分鐘時(shí)間里,根本沒有機(jī)會(huì)休息,更不用說對(duì)答案了。所以,第一次聽題,最好能夠模擬考場(chǎng)的情況,制造考場(chǎng)的氣氛,甚至對(duì)自己施加一些臨考的壓力,這樣才能夠達(dá)到理想的聽題效果。即使是有個(gè)別題目不確定或者沒有聽清,也必須強(qiáng)迫自己至少在整套真題聽完以后再對(duì)答案(而不是對(duì)照原文),然后再著手尋找問題。2. 聽寫

      在第一遍聽題結(jié)束以后,考生往往會(huì)碰到以下兩種情況:一.發(fā)覺有些自己猶豫不決的題目猜對(duì)了;二.發(fā)覺有些猶豫不決的題目改錯(cuò)了。對(duì)于這兩種情況,考生必須有一個(gè)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí):其實(shí)這些題目就像比賽中的機(jī)會(huì)球一樣,做對(duì)與否幾乎完全取決于運(yùn)氣。所有,無論對(duì)錯(cuò),都應(yīng)該引起考生的高度重視。另外兩種容易被忽略的現(xiàn)象是:一.考生可以在第一次就把握住題目的大意,因此可以比較輕松地把題目答對(duì);二.考生無論如何努力地試圖去聽也無法把原文中的信息通過聽力的手段解構(gòu)。對(duì)于第一種現(xiàn)象,考生必須防止一知半解(只知其一,不知其二),或者是自欺欺人(以為自己完全懂了,其實(shí)有些地方根本就沒有聽到,沒有聽出來,或者是沒有聽懂)。而對(duì)于第二種現(xiàn)象,有些考生往往就急于求成,在第一時(shí)間就翻開原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。這些情況,都是廣大考生必須避免的。剛才已經(jīng)說過,真題的資源是非常稀缺的,因此,在初聽之后,考生需要開始一個(gè)漫長的細(xì)嚼慢咽的消化過程。這個(gè)過程,就是做聽寫練習(xí),不厭其煩地對(duì)自己所做的每一道真題進(jìn)行聽寫練習(xí),無論對(duì)錯(cuò)。這樣一來,本來沒有暴露出來的問題自然而然也就暴露出來了,本來已經(jīng)暴露出來的問題則被具體化地落實(shí)到了詞、詞組、和短語等語言基本單位上。如此一來,清者自清、濁者自濁,考生可以從一個(gè)非??陀^的角度全面審視自己現(xiàn)有的聽力水平。3. 整理

      當(dāng)找到自身存在的隱含或者是具體的問題之后,考生就可以開始?xì)w納整理自己在聽寫中所反映出來的問題了。一般,每個(gè)考生的情況不同,因此問題也因人而異。不過有一點(diǎn)可以肯定,如果是小對(duì)話題,那么問題基本上可以從單詞、詞組、口語表達(dá)方式、場(chǎng)景及其相關(guān)語境詞、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)語體、和語音語調(diào)等幾方面進(jìn)行歸類;如果是語段題,那么問題基本上可以從詞組、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、語段語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、文章體裁、考點(diǎn)分布、和標(biāo)志詞等幾方面來進(jìn)行歸類;而如果是復(fù)合式聽寫,那么問題基本上可以從漏詞、錯(cuò)詞、大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、數(shù)、同音近音詞、細(xì)節(jié)把握、語言歸納整理能力、和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握等幾方面來進(jìn)行歸類。通過比較系統(tǒng)地歸納和整理自身暴露出來的問題,考生可以比較一目了然地發(fā)覺自身的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)所在,因此也就有了對(duì)癥下藥的科學(xué)依據(jù)。而且,考生往往會(huì)發(fā)覺,由于聽力是一門綜合性的科目,所以,所謂聽力問題,大多數(shù)情況下,不僅僅是由于―聽力‖出了問題,而且還因?yàn)樵~匯量限制、句型掌握不穩(wěn)固、語法知識(shí)不系統(tǒng)、語言功能掌握不全面、語段語篇理解不透徹等等其它―非聽力‖因素而出現(xiàn)障礙。這

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      樣,就要求廣大考生能夠從自身具體情況出發(fā),結(jié)合各種工具書,針對(duì)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)各個(gè)擊破。4. 跟讀

      通過以上方法,基本上,考生可以把詩外的功夫做到位,但是如果同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有些結(jié)構(gòu)看到了就懂了,可是聽起來還是很吃力,那又應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?理論上,這是由于考生的視覺和聽覺脫鉤的關(guān)系。也就是說,考生的對(duì)于真題的敏感性還沒有在聽覺這個(gè)層次上建立起來。如果說其它部分還可以蒙混過關(guān),那么這對(duì)于聽力來說就是一個(gè)巨大的災(zāi)難了。除了極個(gè)別題目可以通過選項(xiàng)特征進(jìn)行判斷以外,其它聽不懂的題目一般情況下都會(huì)犧牲掉,畢竟,四級(jí)真題越來越成熟、越來越科學(xué)、越來越系統(tǒng),真題中的迷惑項(xiàng)也隨之越來越難以辨別。既然問題是出在―聽覺‖上,那么最好的方式就是通過糾正語音來解決問題了。顯而易見,聽說本為一家,如果考生單純―聽力‖出現(xiàn)問題,那么一般―口語‖也不盡如人意,而考生如果口語水平不俗,那么一般聽力也不會(huì)差。須知,練習(xí)口語和提高聽力本身就是個(gè)辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,兩者緊密聯(lián)系、相輔相成。對(duì)于進(jìn)入沖刺階段的考生來說,練習(xí)聽力,需要不急不徐、戒驕戒躁,既沒有時(shí)間,不能夠從最基本的音標(biāo)或者是漫無目的地找口語材料進(jìn)行練習(xí),也不能夠急功近利,妄圖通過一兩次突擊就大功告成。實(shí)際上,只要有心,考生不難發(fā)現(xiàn):完完整整、踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地對(duì)照聽力原文,跟讀真題聽力磁帶五至六遍以后,再回過頭來聽題,感覺就不可同日而語了。在跟讀的過程中,考生切忌貪多,一定要在他人、錄音機(jī)、復(fù)讀機(jī)、或者其它設(shè)備的幫助下糾正自己不良的吐字發(fā)音習(xí)慣,有條件的話,最好是親自對(duì)照自己的讀音和真題讀音之間的差別,這樣才能夠盡快突破語音關(guān),為聽力考試打通最后一道關(guān)。如果時(shí)間允許,考生還需要重點(diǎn)跟讀自己在聽寫練習(xí)中暴露出的問題單詞、問題句型、或者問題語段結(jié)構(gòu),在糾正語音的過程中,強(qiáng)化自己的復(fù)習(xí)成果。5. 背誦

      最后的一個(gè)階段,也是最高境界,就是能夠?qū)φ骖}了如指掌,做到繪聲繪色、惟妙惟肖地模仿,甚至是倒背如流。我們很多教授聽力的老師,通過長期的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,已經(jīng)達(dá)到了這個(gè)層次,從而對(duì)于真題才有不同凡響的見解和分析。不難看出,對(duì)于真題越是熟悉的人,無論是考生還是老師,都能夠很好地把握聽題節(jié)奏、做題方法、猜題技巧、從而達(dá)到―猛、準(zhǔn)、狠‖的最高境界。我們?cè)谡n上講授的絕大多數(shù)技巧、場(chǎng)景、原則、關(guān)鍵詞、特殊句型、甚至是答題的感覺都是以大量背誦作為基礎(chǔ)的。一般地說,一個(gè)考生只要能夠達(dá)到背誦考點(diǎn)的水平(與全文背誦相比較還是相對(duì)容易的),就可以輕松應(yīng)付四級(jí)聽力考試了。畢竟,四級(jí)聽力考試所能夠測(cè)試的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)范圍有限,考生一旦能夠?qū)λ袦y(cè)試點(diǎn)如數(shù)家珍,那么考試本身已經(jīng)不成為問題了,因?yàn)椋@時(shí)候的考生已經(jīng)突破了應(yīng)付考試的層次,真正達(dá)到了提升英語水平的階段了。這聽起來似乎遙不可及,其實(shí)不然??忌谟幸欢ㄕZ感的基礎(chǔ)上,通過可以誦讀五、六遍就已經(jīng)能夠?qū)y(cè)試點(diǎn)有一個(gè)基本印象了,然后根據(jù)艾賓浩斯的記憶曲線,連續(xù)記憶三天就可以過關(guān)了。到時(shí)候,考生再回首看自己曾經(jīng)做過的卷子、錯(cuò)過的題,不禁會(huì)扼腕痛惜:這種程度的題目我也會(huì)做錯(cuò)? 其它準(zhǔn)備

      在了解了聽真題的各個(gè)階段以后,考生還需要把握復(fù)習(xí)的節(jié)奏。一般,由于四級(jí)聽力資源的匱乏,考生如果在考試前有充裕的時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí),那么應(yīng)該在保證質(zhì)量的前提下完成復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)。每個(gè)星期的做題量應(yīng)該控制在一至兩套之間,力求聽一套、天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      記一套、看一套、讀一套、背一套,套套入心。直到考試前一個(gè)月才開始真正發(fā)力,使自己漸漸進(jìn)入臨考狀態(tài),一般以一天一套為宜。如果考生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在聽力的A部分或者B部分的后半段明顯答題正確率下降,那么就表明:考生在體力方面的準(zhǔn)備仍然不充分。那么,考生應(yīng)該結(jié)合自身情況在保證休息的前提下,適當(dāng)加大聽題力度,進(jìn)行超負(fù)荷訓(xùn)練,提高自己考試聽力的耐力水平。

      然后,我們需要一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的詳細(xì)到每一天的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃。雖然每個(gè)考生的情況不同,本身水平,備考時(shí)間,心理期待都有所差異,但是,有一點(diǎn)是共同的:在最后的兩個(gè)月里,挑戰(zhàn)極限、追求卓越,即使是面對(duì)絕望,也要在絕望中尋找希望!

      其次,也是更為重要的一點(diǎn),就是要步步為營、一步一個(gè)腳印地合理安排備考時(shí)間,實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃。一般情況下,我們認(rèn)為,一天24小時(shí)中,有6個(gè)小時(shí)是英語考級(jí)聽力的黃金復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間。這6個(gè)小時(shí)分別在早8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn),中午12點(diǎn)到14點(diǎn),晚上20點(diǎn)到22點(diǎn)。

      一日之際在于晨,擁有清晨日出的人,就擁有一天的陽光。在早晨寶貴的時(shí)間里,由于沒有前攝抑制,我們記憶能力將達(dá)到的高峰時(shí)期。而且,作為四級(jí)考試的第一部分,聽力恰在9點(diǎn)至10點(diǎn)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行答題。在早晨的時(shí)間段進(jìn)行考級(jí)聽力練習(xí)可以達(dá)到記憶和調(diào)整生物鐘的雙重功效,可謂事半功倍。

      而中午則是大多數(shù)同學(xué)休息的時(shí)候,這段時(shí)間里,我們的注意力很難集中。如果在這段時(shí)間里進(jìn)行考級(jí)聽力練習(xí),其實(shí)是對(duì)一個(gè)考生體力的考驗(yàn)。當(dāng)然,我們不提倡通宵達(dá)旦的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù),只是要求廣大考生做好打疲勞戰(zhàn)的準(zhǔn)備。因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí)由于心理緊張,會(huì)加速人體的疲勞,所以,我們必須強(qiáng)迫自己適應(yīng)在最艱苦的條件下連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。然而,考前的休息也異常重要,所以,我們就犧牲中午休息的時(shí)間,做一些高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練。

      到了晚上則更不待言,很多考生的大部分復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間就是在晚上白白流逝的。其實(shí)晚上的時(shí)間沒有后攝抑制,也是人的記憶高峰。與其進(jìn)行其它的娛樂休閑活動(dòng),或者背單詞背到走神,不如強(qiáng)迫自己反復(fù)聆聽四級(jí)真題、做聽寫練習(xí),使自己對(duì)各種題型、各種考點(diǎn)了如指掌、倒背如流。

      其實(shí),在考試迫在眉睫的時(shí)候,同學(xué)們往往容易進(jìn)入一種混亂的臨考狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)比較突出的表現(xiàn)是日夜顛倒,該休息的時(shí)候睡不著、夜不能寐,可是一拿起書就昏昏欲睡、欲罷不能。尤其是在專業(yè)課和全國四、六級(jí)考試紛至沓來的時(shí)候,很多同學(xué)更是發(fā)揚(yáng)連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)的精神,通宵達(dá)旦,頭懸樑、錐刺骨,結(jié)果影響了正常的作息,反而使自己陷于被動(dòng),很難正常發(fā)揮。這對(duì)于像四、六級(jí)考試這樣的高強(qiáng)度考試而言是有百害而無一益的。道理很簡(jiǎn)單,四、六級(jí)考試對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生來說,不僅是一次英語水平的綜合測(cè)試,也是一種意志力、甚至是體力的考驗(yàn)。沒有良好的休息作為后盾,考生很難笑到最后。所以,保證充足的睡眠是最基本也是首要的應(yīng)試技巧。

      尤其是在考試最后一天,沒有充足的睡眠,考生在考場(chǎng)里很容易出現(xiàn)幻聽、重聽等現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重影響聽力考試的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平發(fā)揮。須知,聽力考試是四級(jí)考試中唯一的只有一次答題機(jī)會(huì)的題型,錯(cuò)過任何一個(gè)字都不可能重來。而遺失任何一個(gè)考點(diǎn)就等于把考生推上絕路,不僅對(duì)本題解答會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響,更可能引起心理暗示的連鎖反應(yīng),打亂考生考試節(jié)奏,引發(fā)多米諾股牌效應(yīng),從而棋錯(cuò)一招、滿盤皆輸。

      最后,營養(yǎng)的攝入在最后關(guān)頭也是異常重要的一環(huán)。在保證充分睡眠的同時(shí),食物是另一個(gè)―工夫在詩外‖的非考試因素。尤其是參加四級(jí)考試的同學(xué),早餐一定要

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      定時(shí)定量,不可或缺。一般來說,類似奶酪酥這樣的奶制品外加一杯熱牛奶或者熱巧克力已經(jīng)足以提供整個(gè)半天考試所需的熱量。當(dāng)然,這也因人而異。對(duì)于內(nèi)火較旺的同學(xué)來說,紅棗蓮心湯就是更好的選擇了。有些體質(zhì)虛弱的同學(xué)也可以考慮服用一些如西洋參、雞精、保健飲料這樣的營養(yǎng)品。不過,安眠藥或者興奮劑等有副作用的藥物一定要慎用,否則過猶不及。總結(jié)

      我們說在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)完成四級(jí)的考級(jí)任務(wù)并不僅僅是空洞的技巧和捷徑,因?yàn)槿魏蔚募记啥夹枰欢ǖ姆e累作為基礎(chǔ),而任何的捷徑只是一條比較近的路而已,都是由人走出來的。所以,我們一方面需要放松心態(tài)、輕裝上陣;另一方面又需要腳踏實(shí)地、苦干加巧干。

      在具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,我們首先應(yīng)該對(duì)自己有一個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí),也就是說,要了解自己的水平怎么樣。當(dāng)然,如果至今都沒有完整地做過任何一套四級(jí)真題的同學(xué)是不知道自己的水平以大學(xué)英語四級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量到底達(dá)到什么程度的。所以,從這兩個(gè)月里的第1天起,我們就必須開始做題。每天只需要做一至兩套,但是務(wù)必做精做透。

      這樣做,唯一的好處就在于通過試著完整地做歷年四級(jí)真題,考生就能夠找出自己在四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。找到了這樣的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),就可以進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的強(qiáng)化練習(xí),填補(bǔ)自己在知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的漏洞。由于聽力考試是一門綜合性的考試,考察的不僅是學(xué)生的聽能,更是學(xué)生在詞匯,閱讀,歸納分析等等方面的綜合能力,所以,在聽力上有問題的同學(xué),往往問題不僅僅在聽能上,他其它部分的答題通常也是差強(qiáng)人意的。但是如果我們能夠通過聽力找到自己在整個(gè)英語體系中體現(xiàn)出來的問題,不管是發(fā)音、詞匯、語法、還是閱讀能力,那么就可以達(dá)到一箭雙雕的效果了。

      當(dāng)然,四級(jí)考級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)是一個(gè)龐大而系統(tǒng)的過程。在這個(gè)過程中還要注意的一個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是要將任務(wù)大而化小,小而化了。反復(fù)練習(xí)考試聽力時(shí),不要以整套真題、整個(gè)部分、或者整個(gè)語段為單位,而是應(yīng)該以最小的單位進(jìn)行反復(fù)的復(fù)習(xí)。小對(duì)話題至少劃分到每一題,語段題至少劃分到每一段,而聽寫題則最好劃分到每一句。這樣不僅使需要解決的問題變得很明確,而且容易使考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中有掌握一個(gè)新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)或者考點(diǎn)的成就感。

      具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生要不忘加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)的訓(xùn)練。把聽力原文中有限的生詞、詞組、語法現(xiàn)象(如??嫉奶摂M語氣,省略,重要時(shí)態(tài)等)、句型(如建議類句型,附和句型與否定句型等)以及場(chǎng)景都盡可能詳盡地掌握。如果連看著原文都不能夠弄懂,那么要把原文聽懂就更加無法想象了。雖然,自然狀態(tài)下,人們學(xué)習(xí)語言是由聽力首先入手的,但是作為第二語習(xí)得,我們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語大多從閱讀開始的,所以如果連閱讀也不能夠達(dá)到四級(jí)聽力的要求,提高聽力水平只能夠是空中樓閣、空談而已。因此,正確的順序應(yīng)該是首先利用聽力材料練習(xí)聽力,在無法聽懂的情況下對(duì)照原文,如果還是不懂,那么就參考譯文。接下來,在書面認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上,再循環(huán)地進(jìn)行聽力練習(xí)。基礎(chǔ)不牢、地動(dòng)山搖,沒有扎實(shí)的英語功底是絕對(duì)不會(huì)有聽力這個(gè)上層建筑的??罩稚蠎?zhàn)場(chǎng),只會(huì)在痛苦中被消滅的!具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生還要克服語音障礙,在實(shí)踐中加強(qiáng)對(duì)單詞的語音敏感度的練習(xí)。大多數(shù)考生記憶單詞過程實(shí)際上是手眼并用的過程,往往容易忽略對(duì)于耳朵的刺激。所以,很多考生反映當(dāng)看到時(shí)覺得異常簡(jiǎn)單非常親切,可是聽到時(shí)就完全不同了。是的,僅憑視覺和觸覺記憶,而沒有足夠的語音信息的輸入,加上對(duì)不同的語音系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備不足,會(huì)輕而易舉地導(dǎo)致熟悉的單詞一旦從磁帶中放出

      天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

      來就完全是判若兩詞的感覺。現(xiàn)在,如果考生再去購買配備磁帶的詞匯書,跟讀、做聽寫固然有效,可是效果非常有限,原因就在于你已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間再單獨(dú)地進(jìn)行語音輸入練習(xí)了。目前,唯一可行的方法就是反復(fù)聽真題。這樣一來,既能夠在有限的時(shí)間里克服語音輸入的障礙,又能夠熟悉四級(jí)考題,可謂一舉兩得。當(dāng)然,在聽音的過程中還必須注意英美音的發(fā)音現(xiàn)象。剛才說過,四級(jí)是一個(gè)混合的語音系統(tǒng),這就要求所有考生對(duì)于不同發(fā)音有很快的反應(yīng),迅速在兩種語音之間自由切換。接下來,我們還需要注意兩種比較??嫉恼Z音現(xiàn)象:連讀和失爆。當(dāng)然,特殊的語音現(xiàn)象絕對(duì)不止兩種,可是就像馬泰效應(yīng)所提出的―貧者愈貧、富者愈富‖的理論一樣,考過的語音現(xiàn)象總是一而再、再而三地成為考點(diǎn)。僅以連讀為例,full up /ful`(p/,office hours /%fi`sau*s/這樣的連讀已經(jīng)在四級(jí)考卷中屢見不鮮,成為必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

      具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生也需要擴(kuò)大自己的閱讀面。綜上所述,今年來的語段和聽寫題頻繁涉及一些自然科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及社會(huì)科學(xué)中的話題。無論是環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然生物知識(shí)、英美國家人文知識(shí)、大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)介紹、特色服務(wù)、還是社會(huì)問題等內(nèi)容都能夠在四級(jí)聽力的試題中有所體現(xiàn)。這樣,就要求廣大考生對(duì)于社會(huì)生活的方方面面有一些基本的關(guān)注和了解,這種平時(shí)的積累有助于迅速熟悉甚至預(yù)測(cè)聽力語段的主題和走向,幫助考生輕松理解原文,根據(jù)自己日積月累的常識(shí),對(duì)于某些常識(shí)題進(jìn)行預(yù)先的判斷。這對(duì)于考生臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮、提高解題自信心相當(dāng)有幫助。

      魯迅先生說過,世界上本沒有路,走的人多了也就成了路。我們要善于在學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)和運(yùn)用規(guī)律,這樣才能夠在復(fù)習(xí)迎考的過程中事半功倍,百尺竿頭、更進(jìn)一步。路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮,愿以此文拋磚引玉。

      第四篇:新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

      新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記(非常完整版)

      (一)資料的選擇:

      1、聽力原題

      2、TOEFL的聽力

      3、《走遍美國》、《探索》、《國家地理》

      聽力結(jié)構(gòu):

      Section A:10個(gè)短對(duì)話

      Section B:3個(gè)段子;復(fù)合式聽寫(很少考)

      類型題:

      比如:Would you go to dance with me tonight?去不去干……

      回答Yes/No.以及理由。

      Would you go with us? Would you join us?

      Would you go with me? Do you wanna come?

      Wanna come?

      應(yīng)試聽力提高的三個(gè)層次:

      1、聽懂原文

      2、搞清考題之間的類型關(guān)系

      3、判斷出是什么考題

      聽力遇到的問題:

      一、語音問題:

      連讀:跟讀提高口語,考試時(shí)不太重要,注意聽重讀。

      二、態(tài)度方向:

      測(cè)試:I'm upset.× I'm overjoyed.√

      I'm beside myself with joy.√ I'm in the blues.×

      I feel high today.√ I feel down recently.×

      三、口語話問題:

      語氣(升降調(diào)、重讀)

      例句:Something just hit the front window.What?(什么東西呀?你說什么(沒聽清)?驚奇,生氣。)

      例句:He was my boyfriend.考校園生活: 學(xué)生:異性(同學(xué)關(guān)系)、同性(室友關(guān)系)

      口語詞匯

      tape 膠帶(郵局場(chǎng)景)cassette 磁帶

      project 作業(yè) =assignment awful 糟糕的

      terrific 特棒的 awesome 特棒的

      I see.我明白。

      I can tell that.我能看得出。I understand that.我聽說。

      I have got...我有…… have to = have got to(gotta)

      be going to = be gonna want to = wanna

      tell him I'll take this book.表示買

      I won't buy that.我不信。buy=believe

      四、場(chǎng)景問題:

      1、如何出考題

      2、如何判斷場(chǎng)景(場(chǎng)景線索詞)

      例如:book(校內(nèi):Libary;校外:bookstore)

      textbook, dictionary, magzine, reference book, bibliography

      manager, order--bookstore

      解題思路:

      比如:traffic: traffic jam car: break down

      六次課安排:

      But題型,三個(gè)解題思路(1)場(chǎng)景題(2、3)

      段子題、替換題(4、5)復(fù)合式聽寫、實(shí)戰(zhàn)考題(6)Section A

      But題型(3-4個(gè)題目):

      but前的話沒用,but是關(guān)鍵,but后面的句子是正確選項(xiàng)。

      例題:P25-5-Test 1-P100

      A)He has some work to do.B)The woman is going to do that.C)His boss is coming to see him.D)He doesn?t feel like eating any bread today.W: I wonder if you have time to go to the food store today.We have almost run out of bread.M: You? d better do that.I haven?t got my report ready yet, but my boss needs it tomorrow.Q: Why isn?t the man going to do the shopping?

      注:1.第二人的回答都是充滿了遺憾。

      2.run out of 用完,沒有

      boor 土人,粗野的人(GRE詞匯)

      生活中常用的動(dòng)詞非常簡(jiǎn)單:

      take make go win let have

      口語中常用短語:

      1.mess 臟亂

      His dormitory is in a big mess.2.meet = come across = run into = bang into 遇見。

      happen to meet 恰巧碰到

      3.與動(dòng)詞搭配使用最多的是out,因?yàn)閛ut代表一種極端的狀態(tài),很徹底。

      run out of 用完了

      check out 借書;辦理出院手續(xù);徹底檢查;退房(check in 開房);結(jié)帳離開

      wear out 穿破

      be worn out(物)破舊;(人)疲憊

      make out 辨認(rèn)出

      figure out 想清楚,弄明白

      She has a figure that kills.身材很棒。

      She has a face that kills.長得非常漂亮

      work out 想清楚,弄明白,解決問題;(gym場(chǎng)景)拼命鍛煉

      help out 幫個(gè)大忙

      find out 打聽,查明真相

      dine out 外出吃飯,下館子

      cafeteria 飯?zhí)?,自助餐廳【學(xué)校的飯菜不好吃】

      cook out 在外野餐

      hang out 閑逛

      turn out(to be)事實(shí)證明

      [P25-8]

      A)He can?t find his new apartment.B)He had a bigger apartment before.C)He finds the new apartment too big for him.D)He?s having a hard time finding an apartment.W: How do you find your new apartment?

      M: Well, it?s quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.Q: What is the man?s problem?

      注: 1.dormitory 宿舍

      apartment 公寓

      laboratory

      secretary

      房子難找;房租貴;房太吵

      2.How do you find...= How do you like...3.be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事 選項(xiàng)中找be accustomed to doing sth.或adapt

      used to do sth 過去常常 選項(xiàng)中找 was always 或找否定句+now

      [P28-6]

      A)He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B)He meant for her just to wait till help came.C)He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D)He promised to give her help himself.W: Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?

      M: Well, I'm sure you won't have any trouble, Mrs.Smith, but if something should happen, just call this number.They'll see that you get help.Q: What does the man really mean?

      注:談?wù)撥嚨淖畲笤掝}一定是壞掉 break down。

      [P28-8]

      A)He has edited three books.B)He has bought the wrong book.C)He has lost half of his money.D)He has found the book that will be used.M: Hey, Louise, I've got a used copy of our chemistry textbook for half price.W: I'm afraid you wasted your money, yours is the first edition, but we're supposed to be using the third edition.Q: What has the man done?

      注:used book 二手書,舊書

      對(duì)話發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般是開學(xué)或期末。

      開學(xué):orientation 新生培訓(xùn) freshman/ fresher 大一新生

      sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四

      期末:考試、突擊熬夜、失眠、吃藥、搶救

      [P30-1]

      A)She wants to return the skirt her husband bought.B)She wants to buy another skirt.C)She wants to change the yellow skirt for a blue one.D)She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.M: Now, what's your problem, Madam?

      W: Oh, yes.My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday.It is very nice, but it's not the colour I want.Have you got any blue ones?

      Q: What does the woman want to do?

      注:1.藍(lán)色情節(jié)

      blue 服裝最喜歡的顏色

      dark blue 深藍(lán)

      light blue 淺藍(lán)

      navy blue 海軍藍(lán)

      navy 常用這個(gè)詞表示藍(lán)色

      pink 紅色習(xí)慣用這個(gè)詞表示

      2.羊毛情節(jié)wool

      down jacket 羽絨服

      [P33-5]

      A)It's too windy.B)The people there are terrible.C)The air is polluted.D)The beaches are dirty.W: The place I've heard so much about is Los Angeles.The climate is pretty good.Year-round flowers, year-round swimming.How do you like it?

      M: Well, the beaches are beautiful.But the people there are terribly annoyed by the dirty air.I mean, the combination of fog, smoke and automobile exhaust.There is not enough wind to blow it away.Q: What does the man think of Los Angeles?

      注:選項(xiàng)B不可能為正確選項(xiàng)。[P36-4]

      A)The apartment is better furnished.B)She prefers to live in a quiet place.C)It's less expensive to live in an apartment.D)She finds her roommates difficult to get along with.M: I hear you are moving to an apartment.Can you tell me why?

      W: Actually, I didn?t want to move.It would be more expensive to live outside the college.But I just can?t bear the noise made by the people living next door.Q: Why does the woman want to move?

      住房場(chǎng)景:

      1、房難找

      2、房租太貴

      3、房太吵

      注:1.口語中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將要

      2.must 表猜測(cè)

      have got to do 表應(yīng)該,必須

      [P36-7]

      A)He didn't buy anything.B)He got some medicine for his foot.C)He was sick and couldn't go shopping.D)He bought everything except the football.W: Did you go shopping this afternoon?

      M: Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.Q: What does the man mean?

      注:sore foot 腳疼

      sore throat 嗓子疼

      [P36-9]

      A)She didn't know her daughter could sing so well.B)She sings better than her daughter.C)She doesn't like her daughter.D)She herself doesn't have a good voice.M: I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night.She has a lovely voice, I must say.W: Thank you, but I don?t know where she gets it.Q: What does the woman probably mean?

      [P36-10]

      A)He finds history books difficult to understand.B)He has to read a lot of history books.C)He doesn't like the history course.D)He has lost his history book.W: Why are you so tired and upset?

      M: I?ve been taking the history course this term.But the trouble is that I?ll never get through the reading list.Q: Why is the man worried?

      作業(yè):

      1.paper 論文;newspaper 報(bào)紙;文件;紙

      research 查詢資料(library)

      2.presentation 口頭報(bào)告 = report, speech, address

      著裝正式;心里感受nervous

      interview 面試(也需正式著裝)

      3.reading assignment 閱讀作業(yè)

      reading list 讀書清單

      對(duì)作業(yè)的評(píng)價(jià)一定是抱怨

      寫論文的步驟:

      1、選題

      2、查資料

      3、打印

      充滿遺憾:

      談?wù)摻煌?-堵車;談?wù)撥?-壞掉;談?wù)撡I票--賣光;談?wù)摻尤?-晚點(diǎn);談?wù)撘安?-下雨

      寫論文的困難:

      1、題目難選

      2、資料難查

      3、打字困難(機(jī)房總被占)

      typewriter(break down 壞了;ribbon 色帶), printer, laser printer, laptop,三個(gè)基本思路:

      一、學(xué)習(xí)話題:學(xué)幾門課,課程難不難,課的進(jìn)展,考試如何,作業(yè)如何,老師怎樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)課怎樣,圖書館怎樣……

      回答:基本上都是抱怨

      二、生活話題:窮,省錢,購物一定要bargain,帶學(xué)生證,例如:1.I want to make a long distance call.When is the best time?

      例如:2.Maybe I ought to subscribe to the journal.捐獻(xiàn);定購訂閱。

      Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?

      例如:3.A)To wear a heavy sweater to the game.B)To postpone the game.C)To change tickets.D)To watch the game at home.三、混合話題,但忙于學(xué)習(xí)。

      場(chǎng)景題:

      選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):

      1.地點(diǎn);2.to do表目的;3.-ing;4.A and B結(jié)構(gòu),人物關(guān)系

      提問特點(diǎn):

      What, Where, When, Who

      總結(jié)重點(diǎn):

      出題思路

      判斷場(chǎng)景的線索詞

      例如:fine 罰款(校外交通;校內(nèi)圖書館)

      cashier 出納(各個(gè)場(chǎng)景)

      teller(銀行)出納員 ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)自動(dòng)提款機(jī)

      [P24-1]

      A)He is still being treated in the hospital.B)He has had an operation.C)He?ll rest at home for another two weeks.D)He returned to work last week.M: How is your father, Mary? The last time I came to see you, you were about to take him to the hospital.W: He came home last week.The operation was very successful.The doctor said he? d almost recovered and could go back to work next week.Q: What did the woman say about her father?

      注:be about to do 正要做某事

      醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景:

      1、醫(yī)生難找

      2、病情如何

      3、有病耽誤課 miss the class

      缺課的原因:

      1、生病 get ill

      2、睡過頭 over sleep

      3、traffic(車壞了,或者交通的問題)

      醫(yī)院的線索詞:

      operation 手術(shù)

      infirmary(校內(nèi))醫(yī)務(wù)室;cafeteria 飯?zhí)?;tuition 學(xué)費(fèi)

      treat, treatment 治療(過程)

      cure 治愈(結(jié)果)

      [study, learn;search, find;try, manage]

      clinic 診所

      ward 病房

      student health center 學(xué)生健康中心

      medical center 醫(yī)療中心

      prescribe 開處方;preview 預(yù)習(xí);interview 面試;international 國際的

      fill the prescription 抓藥

      refill the prescription 再抓藥

      check out 辦理出院手續(xù)

      emergency department 急診室

      [P24-3]

      A)To meet Tom Wang.B)To work in his office.C)To go to hospital.D)To attend a meeting.M: This is Tom Wang speaking.Could you tell me Mr.Smith?s schedule for tomorrow? I would like to meet him at his convenience.W: Let me see.He?ll go to see his doctor at 8, and chair a meeting at 10 in the morning.Well, he will be in the office the whole afternoon.Q: What does Mr.Smith plan to do at 10 o?clock tomorrow morning?

      注:chair 主持

      打電話場(chǎng)景:

      1、約人肯定約不到 make an appointment(約醫(yī)生)

      2、約會(huì)去不了

      come up 突然來臨

      reschedule 重新安排時(shí)間

      fit me in 安排

      3、電話打不通,打錯(cuò)電話

      run out of coin 硬幣用光 cut off 通話被中斷

      hang up 掛斷電話

      receiver 聽筒

      hook 掛鉤

      telephone book 電話簿

      yellow pages 電話簿

      yellow press 色情出版物

      dial the number 打電話

      打電話步驟:

      look up the number in the telephone;

      pick up the receiver;

      drop the coins in the slot 投幣孔;

      dial the number you wanted.[P25-4]

      A)She was afraid she might be kept too late.B)She would have something more important to do.C)She had to meet a friend of hers.D)She was not in the mood to attend the party.W: Hello, Steve.This is Susan.I?m afraid I won?t be able to come to the party.I was justasked to go to a meeting.M: Do come after your meeting, Susan.Our party won?t be over until midnight.Q: Why did the woman say that she could not join in the party?

      注:be in the mood to do sth.愿意做某事,有這種心情做某事

      [P25-9]

      A)To write a check.B)To find a telephone number.C)To ring up somebody.D)To check the telephone service.W: I?m sorry, but the number you are dialing is not in service.M: But that?s impossible.I just spoke to him this morning.Could you please check it for me?

      Q: What is the man trying to do?

      注:operator 接線員

      [P27-2]

      A)The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B)The woman is asking for a promotion.C)The woman is applying for a job.D)The woman is being given an examination.M: Now, I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question.Why would you like to get this post?

      W: Well-first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation.Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q: What do we know from this conversation?

      工作場(chǎng)景:

      1、找到工作高興

      2、失去工作傷心

      3、拒絕工作奇怪(主動(dòng)拒絕令人感到奇怪)

      找工作的步驟:

      1、信息來源:newspaper 報(bào)紙: classified ad.分類廣告, help and wanted section 供求關(guān)系版

      bulletin board公告板

      flier 傳單

      2、打電話確認(rèn)

      3、準(zhǔn)備簡(jiǎn)歷

      4、面試:攜帶證明 identification、證書 certificate;確定你是否有資格qualification(be qualified for some post;be up to 勝任);推薦信 reference letter

      [P27-3]

      A)His car was hit by another car.B)He was hurt while playing volleyball.C)He fell down the stairs.D)While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.W: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

      M: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q: What happened to Mike?

      [P27-4]

      A)Took a photo of him.B)Bought him a picture.C)Held a birthday party.D)Bought him a frame for his picture.M: Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brother's birthday?

      W: Remember, you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it.Q: What did the man do last year for his brother's birthday?

      注:提醒模式 remember, first, today, now(right now)

      [P31-5]

      A)Women's rights in society.B)The woman's job is a librarian.C)An important election.D)Career planning.W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact women are still not equally treated.M: I don't think so.You've got the vote, you've got your careers-I think you've got everything important.Q: What are they arguing about?

      注:liberated 自由的,被解放了的

      free 免費(fèi)的(選項(xiàng)中反義替換 pay),有空閑時(shí)間的(選項(xiàng)中反義替換 busy)。

      Statue of Liberty 自由女神

      [P31-6]

      A)She totally agrees with him.B)She thinks it is easier said than done.C)She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.D)She thinks that he is rather impolite person.M: It's partly your own fault.You should never let in anyone like that unless you're expecting him.W: It's all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says “electricity” or “gas” and you automatically think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.Q: How does the woman feel about the man's remarks?

      注:fault 過失

      針對(duì)責(zé)備場(chǎng)景:

      It's all very well to say that.說起來容易。

      It is easier said than done.說起來容易,做起來難。

      [P33-7]

      A)The woman thanks the man for his efforts.B)The woman thinks that everything was all right.C)The woman blames the man for his absence.D)The woman doesn't think it was the man's fault.M: Look, I'm sorry I didn't turn up for the match yesterday, but it wasn't really my fault, you know.W: It's all very well saying it wasn't your fault, but thanks to you we lost 10 to 1.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

      注:thank to 由于

      [P44-2]

      A)He is not to blame.B)It was his fault.C)He will accept all responsibility.D)He will be more careful next time.W: What an accident!If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.M: What do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.Q: What does the man mean?

      [P31-8]

      A)On the 6th of June.B)On the 8th of June.C)On the 9th of June.D)On the 19th of June.M: I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.W: I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th.But we still have a few seats available on the 9th.Q: When does the man want to leave?

      注:1.make reservation 預(yù)定,保留

      2.be booked up 被定光

      be filled 充滿了 be full of 充滿了

      be taken 被占用

      機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景:

      1、票已售完

      2、接人晚點(diǎn)

      3、送人傷感

      機(jī)場(chǎng)線索詞:

      airplane 飛機(jī) flight 航班 take off 起飛 land 降落 circle 盤旋

      wing 機(jī)翼;建筑物的側(cè)樓;博物館側(cè)面展廳;翅膀

      terminal 終端機(jī)(computer);終點(diǎn)站;候機(jī)大廳

      [P33-3]

      A)The cause of the flood.B)The heroic fight against a flood.C)The effects of the flood.D)Floods of the past twenty years.M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years.It has caused much damage and destruction.W: Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables.No wonder they are so expensive.Q: What are they talking about?

      注:兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)正好相反,一定有一個(gè)為正確的選項(xiàng)。

      自然災(zāi)害的影響一定嚴(yán)重。

      天氣一定是極端的天氣。

      [P33-4]

      A)They waited for each other at different places.B)They were both busy doing their own work.C)They went to the street corner at different times.D)The man went to the concert but the woman didn't.W: George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.M: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street.Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.Q: Why didn't they meet that evening?

      注: flat(英)公寓=apartment(美)sneaker 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋(美)

      trainer 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋(英)sweat shirt 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫(美)

      jersey 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫(英)corn 玉米(美)

      maize 玉米(英)church 教堂(美)

      chapel 教堂,小禮拜堂(英)cathedral 天主教大教堂(美)

      luggage 行李(美)baggage 行李(英)

      bang 頭發(fā)劉海(美)fringe 頭發(fā)劉海(英)

      [P33-6]

      A)In Mexico.B)In New Mexico.C)In the city.D)In California.M: I'd like to make an appointment to see Dr.Smith tomorrow.W: I' m sorry.Dr.Smith went on a one-week vacation in Mexico, and on his way back he'll be staying in California for 5 days.Let me see.He'll probably be back the day after tomorrow.Q: Where is Dr.Smith now?

      [P34-9]

      A)The credit hours required for an M.A.degree.B)The requirements of an M.A.degree.C)Getting extra credits.D)Taking more optional courses.M: You'll need 36 credit hours to get an M.A.degree.Fifteen must be from the English Department and fifteen from the Education Department.For the remaining six credit hours, you can either write a thesis or take two more optional courses.W: Right now, this is very confusing to me, but I'm sure I'll know what to do as I learn more about it.Q: What are they talking about?

      注:M.A.Master of Arts 文學(xué)碩士

      選課:take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for

      [P36-1]

      A)At home.B)In a phone box.C)In her office.D)In a friend's house.M: Please hold the line, Mrs.Smith.The doctor will talk to you in a minute.W: I?m afraid I may have to hang up.I don?t have any more coins and the line will be cut soon.Q: Where is Mrs.Smith most probably?

      打電話場(chǎng)景:

      1、約人約不到

      2、約會(huì)去不了

      3、電話打不通

      電話亭:

      telephone box telephone toll telephone booth telephone stand

      newsstand 報(bào)亭 vegetable stand 菜攤 stands 露天座位

      [P36-2]

      A)On the west side of a square.B)At the end of a street.C)To the east of the traffic light.D)On the east side of a square.M: Excuse me, but could you show me the way to the train station?

      W: Certainly.Go straight until you reach the traffic light, then turn left and you will see asquare.The station is on the east side of it.Q: Where is the train station located?

      [P36-5]

      A)In a hospital.B)In a library.C)In a travel agency.D)In a restaurant.M: You can get a lot of practice in giving out tickets and handling hotel reservations.Later on, you can take telephone calls.W: That?s great!Thanks, Mr.Thomson.I?ll come to work tomorrow.Q: Where will the woman probably be working?

      旅行社:

      book tickets 定票

      make hotel reservation 訂房

      [P36-6]

      A)Customer and salesperson.B)Teacher and student.C)Boss and secretary.D)Guest and waitress.M: Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments.W: Certainly, sir.They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

      注:chief executive 行政主管

      chief executive officer CEO

      [P39-2]

      A)Whether to employ the woman.B)Whether to take up the new job.C)Whether to ask for a raise.D)Whether to buy a new house.M: You know, I? m just not too sure if the new salary will be high enough or even the new position is really what I want.Besides, I like the work that I am doing now.W: It sounds as though you?ve already made up your mind about what you are going to do.Q: What is the man thinking about?

      注:take up 選課(take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for);接受(take)

      [P39-3]

      A)A teacher.B)A psychologist.C)A librarian.D)A publisher.W: I?m looking for a textbook for my Psychology course.It?s called “Introduction to Educational Psychology”.Do you have it?

      M: Yes, we do.You?ll find it in Section 24 on the top shelf.Q: What?s the man?s occupation?

      注:1.textbook 教科書

      2.introduction 初級(jí)課程

      3.shelf 書架

      圖書館:

      reference room 參考資料室 periodical's room 期刊室 current issue 當(dāng)月期刊 older issue 過期期刊

      back issue 過期期刊 card catalog 索引室,卡片檢索

      put on reserve 預(yù)留

      關(guān)于圖書館基本思路:

      1、想借的書借不到。

      2、想還的書已過期。

      [P39-8]

      A)The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B)The woman saw a horror movie.C)The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D)The man went to the show with the woman.W: I still can?t get over the show last Saturday evening.I keep having frightening dreams all night.M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

      注:frightening dreams 惡夢(mèng)

      nightmare 惡夢(mèng)

      考試、交通

      對(duì)電影的評(píng)價(jià)基本上是負(fù)面的

      It's a waste of time.It's a waste of money.It isn't worth the price of the admission.It has got an awful review.對(duì)音樂會(huì)的評(píng)價(jià)基本上是正面的[P41-2]

      A)It will take about one month to repair the watch.B)The woman should have saved more money.C)It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D)The watch is no longer worth repairing.W: I can?t figure out what?s wrong with my watch.It was just a month ago that I had it repaired.M: Don't waste your time and money any more.It's a very old watch and is quite worn out.Q: What does the man mean?

      思維:崇尚消費(fèi)

      1、東西壞了,扔了算了,買個(gè)新的

      2、修不如買

      東西方思維差異:

      1、崇尚消費(fèi)

      2、提倡個(gè)人奮斗:借錢不借;借筆記一般也不借

      3、重視錢

      4、飲食方面:apple pie 一定好吃(代表美國的傳統(tǒng)文化traditional American)

      This picnic is as American as apple pie.典型的美式野餐。

      apple pie virtue 美國的傳統(tǒng)美德

      I took the last one and it was out of the world.Even my mother's can't match this.You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.5、不謙虛 self-confidence

      6、表達(dá)直接且理性,邏輯嚴(yán)緊

      注:1.figure out 判斷出

      2.worn out(物)破舊;(人)疲憊

      [P41-3]

      A)Arguing.B)Protesting.C)Complaining.D)Bargaining.M: Oh, what a morning!You know, I had so much work to do and the phone just kept ringing.Three salespecople called me this morning!

      W: I know how it is.I get a lot of calls too...even on weekends.Q: What are the two speakers doing?

      注:I know how it is.表示同情。

      I know how you feel.[P42-4]

      A)Families with cars.B)American's heavy dependence on cars.C)Roads and highways.D)Traffic problems in America.W: You Americans are funny!It seems as if you were married to your cars.M: Yeah, I guess that's true.The country is becoming one big highway.I was reading that there are about 4 million miles of roads and high ways in this country now.Q: What are they talking about?

      短對(duì)話,聽到什么不選什么。

      段子題:聽到什么選什么。

      [P42-5]

      A)The apples and pears might not be so good.B)The apples are not as good as the pears.C)The apples and pears are very good.D)The apples and pears are as good as they look.W: I intend to buy some fruit for the children.These apples and pears seem to be in season.I'll get two dozen of each.M: I hope they're as good as they look.Q: What does the man mean?

      注:1.pear 梨 pearl 珍珠

      2.be in season 新鮮

      購物場(chǎng)景:

      supermarket 超市(便宜,日常生活用品supplies)

      department store 百貨公司(貴,衣服,家用電器appliance)

      [P42-8]

      A)Customer and salesman.B)Colleagues.C)Employee and boss.D)Classmates.W: Hi!Jack.I just came back yesterday.Anything new while I was away?

      M: Congratulations, Susan.It's said you'll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss.Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment?

      注:1.immediate boss 頂頭上司

      2.employee 雇員 employer 雇主

      interviewer 面試者 interviewee 被面試者

      payer 付款人 payee 收款人

      [P44-3]

      A)The man is a forgetful person.B)The typewriter is not new.C)The man can have the typewriter later.D)The man misunderstood her.M: Isn't that a new brand of typewriter you are working at? W: Oh, Bill.This isn't the first time you've asked me about it.Q: What does the woman imply?

      健忘:

      forgetful He is forgetful.Isn't he forgetful? How forgetful he is!

      Absentminded slip one's mind

      slipper 拖鞋 slippery 光滑的

      害羞:

      shy embarrassed 窘迫的 self-conscious 自我意識(shí)的

      keep to oneself keep one's mind/ thought consciousness 意識(shí)

      外向:

      outgoing sociable easygoing

      [P44-4]

      A)There will be heavy fog in all areas.B)There will be heavy rain by midnight.C)There will be heavy fog in the east.D)There will be fog in all areas by midnight.W: It's nearly 10 o'clock.Let's listen to the weather forecast.M: Here's the weather forecast.Fog is spreading from the east, and it'll affect all areas by midnight.It'll be heavy in some places.Q: What's the weather forecast?

      注:1.談?wù)撎鞖庖话銟O端不好。

      2.fog 大霧,濃霧 mist 薄霧

      shower 陣雨 pour 傾盆大雨

      high wind 大風(fēng) gale 狂風(fēng)

      blizzard 大風(fēng)雪

      3.let up 雨停了 clear up 天放晴

      warm up 天變暖

      4.super hot 特別熱 burning hot 特別熱

      freezing cold 冰冷 icy cold 冰冷

      [P45-9]

      A)She has been dismissed for her poor performance.B)She has been fired by the company.C)She has been granted leave for one month.D)She has been offered a new job.M: I'm sorry to tell you that you needn't come next week.You know, sales of our company have been poor recently.W: I've always worked hard.Would you be kind enough to give me a month's time so that I can find a new job?

      Q: What has happened to the woman?

      工作場(chǎng)景:

      找到工作高興 失去工作傷心 拒絕工作奇怪 參見[P27-2]

      [P47-1]

      A)To change the tennis shoes in the sportswear department.B)To help his friend find the right department.C)To find his lost shoes on the tennis court.D)To buy himself a pair of tennis shoes.M: Could you please tell me where I can find tennis shoes?

      W: Yes.You can get them in the sportswear department on the right side of the store.Q: What does the man want to do?

      參見[P42-5]

      注:department store 一般會(huì)分樓層 floor

      flour 面粉

      網(wǎng)球:

      broken string 球拍斷線 restring 重新上線

      serve 發(fā)球 return 回球

      forehand 正手 backhand 反手

      [P48-7]

      A)The environmental problem.B)The health problem.C)The educational problem.D)The international problem.W: I wonder if our children will still be able to breath the clean air, drink clean water and see the blue sky.M: I agree with you.I think it's time man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of just exploiting it.Q: What are they talking about?

      注:in harmony with 與……和諧相處

      [P48-9]

      A)They think cinemas are too far away from their homes.B)They are disappointed with the films produced these days.C)They both dislike films about adventure stories.D)They both like the idea of going to the cinema at night.M: I used to go to the cinema a lot.It did make a nice night out, but not now.W: No, I don't either.There aren't any good adventurous stories like the movies they made when I was young.Q: What can be concluded from this conversation?

      注:1.film 膠卷,電影

      2.have a nice night out 在外面玩一宿

      [P50-1]

      A)Their parents cut back the loan.B)The woman doesn't want Frank to take another English course.C)They can't pay the rent this month.D)The woman's boss refused to give her a raise.W: Frank, we've got a problem.We don't have enough money to pay the rent this month.I think I'd better ask Mom and Dad for a loan, or ask my boss for a raise.M: Well, I don't know.But maybe I'd better not take another English course this semester.Q: What's the problem they are talking about?

      [P50-2]

      A)Ask Dr.Smith to alter his decision.B)Ask Dr.Smith to call the library.C)Get the book directly from Dr.Smith.D)Get Dr.Smith's written permission.M: May I take this book out? I need it to work on my paper for Dr.Smith's history class.W: I am afraid not.The book has been put on reserve by Dr.Smith.Unless you have his written permission, we won't let it out.Q: What should the man do to borrow the book?

      注:1.put on reserve 保留

      2.let it out 借出去

      let us out 下課

      meet 上課

      break up 下課;分手

      make up 補(bǔ)考;重歸于好

      flame 火焰 old flame 舊情人

      a big date 周末玩通宵

      blind date 經(jīng)介紹的第一次約會(huì)

      stand sb.up 放鴿子

      go steady 正式確定情侶關(guān)系

      play the field 戀愛不專一

      [P50-4]

      A)He feels unsympathetic.B)He feels it's a pity.C)He feels it's unfair.D)He feels glad.W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed the midterm English exam? It' s too bad because it'll disqualify him for next year's scholarship.M: He deserved it.He's never really studied since last semester.Q: How does the man feel about Jack's failing the exam?

      注:He deserved it.他活該。

      語氣詞總結(jié):

      1、糟糕系列:

      It's too bad.What a pity!

      tough luck It's really tough.Oh no!Uh-uh

      shit fuck

      2、吃驚系列:

      Boy.Man.Oh my.Oh dear.Oh my goodness.Wow

      3、贊美系列:

      terrific awesome

      fantastic wonderful

      cool super cool ultra cool

      4、贊同系列:

      Yeah.You bet.Ah-huh

      5、否定系列:

      Nope.6、臟話系列:

      dummy 笨蛋 idiot 白癡

      moron 白癡 jerk 廢物

      asshole 混蛋 S.O.B.son of bitch

      段子題:忽視題裁,重視結(jié)構(gòu)

      一、提前看選項(xiàng):找出相同詞,確定文章討論范圍;找數(shù)字,準(zhǔn)備記錄,聽到什么選什么(短對(duì)話中數(shù)字題需要計(jì)算,聽到什么不選什么)。

      [P28-One]

      11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.31 C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.[P37-Two]

      15.A)He has always lived in America.B)He has been in America for three years.C)He visited America three years ago.D)He has come to America to do research on advertising.16.A)There were far more advertisements there than he had expected.B)The advertisements there were well designed.C)The advertisements there were creative and necessary.D)He found the advertisements there difficult to understand.17.A)Be more careful about what they advertise.B)Spend less money on advertising.C)Advertise more for their products.D)Use new advertising techniques.[P57-One]

      11.A)About 45 million.B)About 50 million.C)About 5.4 million.D)About 4.5 million.12.A)The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.B)The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.C)They exist only in small communities.D)They only put on shows that are educational.32

      13.A)It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.B)It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.C)It gives them the chance to do something creative.D)It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.文章的結(jié)構(gòu):

      1、介紹型文章:介紹新的概念,時(shí)間順序,與眾不同。起源、現(xiàn)狀、影響(現(xiàn)實(shí)意義)。

      2、討論型文章:分析問題,解決問題。

      3、對(duì)比型文章:對(duì)比兩種觀點(diǎn)、理論,說明現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

      二、聽兩頭:開頭100%出考題,結(jié)尾也非常重要。

      聽到什么選什么。

      1、如果選項(xiàng)短,是細(xì)節(jié)題,應(yīng)該邊聽邊看選項(xiàng)。

      2、如果選項(xiàng)長,是主線題,應(yīng)該專注聽。

      結(jié)尾的特點(diǎn):記重復(fù)重現(xiàn)的詞;引導(dǎo)結(jié)果的連詞 therefore, thus, so, as a result, that is,開頭結(jié)尾一般考topic 題

      三、中間應(yīng)該抓小詞

      first, most, because, only, just, but

      強(qiáng)烈的轉(zhuǎn)折,強(qiáng)烈的因果都非常重要。

      四、猜題原則

      客觀的事實(shí),用常識(shí)(common sense)猜題。

      歌曲 Sealed with a kiss

      Though we're gonna say goodbye for the summer

      darling I promise you this

      I'll send you all my love everyday in a letter sealed with kiss

      Cause it's gonna be a cold lonely summer

      But I'll fill the emptiness I'll send you all my love

      Everyday in a letter sealed with a kiss

      I'll see you in the sunlight

      I'll hear your voice everywhere

      I'll run to tenderly hold you

      But darling you won't be there

      I don't wanna say goodbye for the summer

      Knowing the love we'll miss

      Oh let us make a pledge to meet in September

      And sealed with a kiss

      Sealed with a kiss sealed with a kiss

      注:wanna=want to

      gonna=going to

      歌曲 Take me home, Country Roads

      John Denver

      Almost heaven, West Virginia

      Blue Ridge Mountains

      Shenandoah River

      Life is old there

      Older than the trees

      Younger than the mountains

      Growing like a breeze

      Country Roads, take me home

      To the place I belong

      West Virginia, mountain momma

      Take me home, country roads

      All my memories gathered ?round her

      Miner?s lady, stranger to blue water

      Dark and dusty, painted on the sky

      Misty taste of moonshine

      Teardrops in my eye

      Country Roads, take me home

      To the place I belong

      West Virginia, mountain momma

      Take me home, country roads

      I hear her voice

      In the morning hour she calls me

      The radio reminds me of my home far away

      And driving down the road I get a feeling

      That I should have been home yesterday, yesterday

      Country Roads, take me home

      To the place I belong

      West Virginia, mountain momma

      Take me home, country roads

      Country Roads, take me home

      To the place I belong

      West Virginia, mountain momma

      Take me home, country roads

      Take me home, country roads

      Take me home, country roads

      注:down 往南去

      up 往北去

      數(shù)字題(客觀題):聽到什么選什么

      中心思想題:文章開頭的名詞,文章中間的高頻詞,選項(xiàng)中的小詞(development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect)

      細(xì)節(jié)題:first, most, because, only, just

      [P28-One]

      11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Strikes are very common in Britain.They are extremely harmful to its industries.In fact, there are other countries in Western Europe that lose more working days through strikes every year than Britain.The trouble with the strikes in Britain is that they occur in essential industries.There are over 495 unions in Britain.Some unions are very small.Over 20 have more than 100, 000 members.Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.They also educate their members.They provide benefits for the sick and try to improve working conditions.Trade unioners say that we must thank the unions for the great

      improvement in working conditions in the last hundred years.It is now against the law for union members to go on strike without the support of their union.This kind of strike is called the unofficial strike and was common until recently.Employers feel that unofficial strikes were most harmful because they would not be predicted.However, these unofficial strikes still occur from time to time and some unions have also refused to cooperate with the law.As a result, the general picture of the relations between workers and employers in Britain has gone from bad to worse.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.In what way are strikes in Britain different from those in other European countries?(開頭)

      12.Why are British employers so afraid of unofficial strikes?(most, because)

      13.What conclusion can be drawn from this passage?(結(jié)尾As a result)

      注:Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.【否定轉(zhuǎn)移】

      一個(gè)句子中(無標(biāo)點(diǎn)),如果前面是否定,后面表達(dá)的是原因、結(jié)果和目的,那么前面的not否定的是句子后面的原因、結(jié)果和目的,而并非是謂語動(dòng)詞。

      I didn't spend 3 hours repairing your vacuum cleaner so that it could sit in the closet.I didn't teach because it's easy.[P49-Two]

      15.A)How to handle spiders.B)Spiders in the United States.C)People' s fear of spiders.D)A special kind of spider.16.A)Most spiders will not bite even when handled.B)Most spiders are poisonous and dangerous.C)Most spiders are likely to attack people.D)Most spiders have sharp eyes.17.A)Because she cannot find a husband for herself.B)Because the female spider is larger than the male one.37 C)Because the female spider often eats her husband.D)Because she is a black female spider.You should not fear spiders because of their poison.Of all the spiders in North America, only one kind is really dangerous and most would not bite even if they were handled.They much prefer to run away or to drop to the ground on a thread of silk.Even so, when a spider runs directly toward a person, it gives the impression that it is about to attack.Actually, it cannot see the person in its way.The spider is too short-sighted to see things at a distance.It only wants to go where it will not be disturbed.In the United States one kind of spider is responsible for the frightening reputation of the rest.It is the Black Widow.So called because the female, which is larger than the male, often eats her husband after making love.The Black Widow is found in all states but is most common in the south and the west.She constructs a loose, irregular web under a pile of rowans or near the foundations of buildings where she is seldom disturbed.She is not an attacking spider and many people have proven this by letting her crawl over their hands.When she bites, it is usually in self-defence.In spite of the stories you may have heard, it is rare for a person to be bitten by a Black Widow and even more unusual for the bite to prove fatal.But remember that her poison is powerful and even though she is shy, she should be respected.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.What is this passage mainly about?

      16.What do we learn about spiders from the passage?(only, most)

      17.Why is the spider you just heard about called the Black Widow?(because)

      注:You should not fear spiders because of their poison.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

      段子題:

      1、看選項(xiàng):找相同詞,確定文章范圍;抓數(shù)字

      2、聽兩頭:中心思想

      3、抓小詞:細(xì)節(jié)題

      數(shù)字題(客觀題):聽到什么選什么

      中心思想題:文章開頭的名詞,文章中間的高頻詞,選項(xiàng)中的小詞(development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect)

      細(xì)節(jié)題:first, most, because, only, just

      [P29-Three]

      17.A)17,000.38 B)1,700.C)24.D)9,000.18.A)It's located in a college town.B)It's composed of a group of old buildings.C)Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D)Its library is often crowded with students.19.A)Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B)Students are mainly from New York State.C)The length of schooling is two years.D)Teachers needn't pay for their rent and meals.20.A)Take a walk in the desert.B)Go to a cinema.C)Watch TV programmes.D)Attend a party.Deep Springs is an American college.It is an unusual college.It is high in the white mountains in California not in a college town.The campus is a collection of old buildings with no beautiful classrooms.The only college-like thing about Deep Springs is its library.Students can study from the 17,000 books 24 hours a day.The library is never crowded as there are only 24 well-qualified male students at the college.In addition, there are only five full-time professors.These teachers believe in the idea of this college.They need to believe in it.They do not get much money.In fact, their salaries are only about 9,000 dollars a year plus room and meals.The school gives the young teachers as well as the students something more important than money.“There is no place like Deep Springs,” says a second-year student from New York State, “Most colleges today are much the same but Deep Springs is not afraid to be different.” He says that students at his college are in a situation quite unlike in the other school.Students are there to learn and they cannot run away from problems.There is no place to escape to.At most colleges, students can close their books and go to a film.They can go out to restaurants or to parties.Deep Springs students have completely different alternatives.They can talk to each other or to their teachers.Another possible activity is to go to the library to study.They might decide to do some work.The student who doesn' t want to do any of these activities can go for a walk in the desert.Deep Springs is far from the world of restaurants and cinemas.There is not even a television set on campus.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.39

      17.What is the total number of students at Deep Springs College?

      18.What is true of the campus of Deep Springs College?

      19.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

      20.What can students at Deep Springs do in their spare time?

      注:選項(xiàng)短,細(xì)節(jié)題,邊聽邊看選項(xiàng)。

      [P32-Three]

      17.A)The low cost of its service.B)Its specialization in transporting small packages.C)Being the first airline to send urgent letters.D)Its modern sorting facilities.18.A)10,000.B)35.C)130.D)30.19.A)Because of its location in the country.B)Because of its good airport facilities.C)Because of its size.D)Because of its round-the-clock service.20.A)Its full-time staff.B)The postmen who work in Memphis.C)Students who work in their spare time.D)The staff members of the International Airport.Federal Express is a private airline service which expands the Postal Service in the United States.It is the only U.S.airline specializing in the transportation of small packages-35 kilos or less.40

      Federal Express links 130 major U.S.cities and 10,000 surrounding communities.An urgent package picked up in one part of the country this afternoon can be delivered to any other part of the country tomorrow morning.All of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee, because it is located in the center of the United States.The sorting facility for Federal Express is called “The Hub”.Every night, from about 12 midnight to 3 a.m., the packages are gathered and sorted into shipments for specific destinations.The main labor force is comprised of students working part-time.Since Federal Express started business in 1971, it has flown millions of air kilometers without fail.In the space of one hour, 39 jets will take off to destinations all across the United States.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage yon have just heard.17.What makes the Federal Express so unique in the U.S.airline service business?

      18.How many major U.S.cities does Federal Express link?

      19.Why do all of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee?

      20.Who comprises the main labour force of Federal Express?

      注:1.Federal Express 聯(lián)邦快遞

      2.urgent package 快件

      [P40-One]

      11.A)Because they can't afford to.B)Because they think small houses are more comfortable to live in.C)Because big houses are usually built in the countryside.D)Because they prefer apartments.12.A)Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B)Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C)Because many older people sell their houses after their children leave.D)Because many people have quit their old house to build new ones.13.A)They have to do their own maintenance.B)They have to furnish their own houses.41

      C)They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D)They will find it difficult to dispose of their old-style furniture.[P40-Two]

      14.A)They are not active hunters.B)They don't sleep much.C)They are often seen alone.D)They don't eat much.15.A)To catch the birds.B)To look for shade in the heat of the day.C)To catch other animals.D)To look for a kill made by another animal.16.A)They are larger in size.B)They run faster.C)They have to hunt more to feed the young.D)They are not as lazy as the males.[P40-Three]

      17.A)Less than 30 minutes.B)From 30 to 45 minutes.C)At least 45 minutes.D)More than 45 minutes.18.A)He should show respect for the interviewer.B)He should show confidence in himself.C)He should talk enthusiastically.42 D)He should be dressed properly.19.A)Speaking confidently but not aggressively.B)Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.C)Talking a lot about the job.D)Speaking politely and emotionally.20.A)Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in job interview.B)Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.C)A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.D)Self-confidence is most important for a job seeker.To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.You need to create a good image in the limited time available, usually from 30 to 45 minutes.You must make a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.The following are some qualities you should especially pay attention to during an interview.First of all, you should take care to appear properly dressed.The right clothes worn at the right time can win respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgement.It may not be true that clothes make the man.But the first and often last impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear.Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking, since speech is a reflection of personality.You should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard, without being aggressive or overpowering.You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position you are applying for.Finally, to be really impressive you must convey a sense of self-confidence and enthusiasm for work.If you display these characteristics, with just a little luck, you'll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.How long does an interview usually last according to the speaker?

      18.How can one give the interviewer a good first impression?

      19.What should be the best manner of speaking for a job-seeker during an interview?

      20.What is the main idea of the short talk you have just heard?

      注:personnel 人事;personal 個(gè)人的[P63-One]

      11.A)The color of the dog.43

      B)The price of the dog.C)Whether the dog will fit the environment.D)Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.12.A)It must be trained so it won't bite.B)It needs more love and care.C)It demands more food and space.D)It must be looked after carefully.13.A)They are less likely to run away.B)It's easier for their masters to train them.C)They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D)It's easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives.If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog.But in part, the decision depends on common sense.Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks.So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics.You must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the country and can let it run freely.Dogs are demanding pets.Whereas cats identify with the house and so are content if their place there is secure, a dog identifies with its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master.If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their stronger relationship will always be with dogs.They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.What' s mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?

      12.Why does the speaker say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?

      13.Why is it advised to buy baby dogs under three months old?

      注:1.demanding 苛求的

      2.consequently = so 因此

      consequent 最后一個(gè)

      subsequent 下一個(gè)

      [P26-Three]

      17.A)More jobs could be provided than before.B)More people could be educated than before.C)More books could be printed and distributed.D)More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.18.A)Around 1400.B)Around 1900.C)Around 400.D)Around 900.19.A)China.B)Sweden.C)Egypt.D)Japan.20.A)More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B)Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C)The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D)Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on.The invention of paper meant more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed.Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly.In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year.Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year.Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other

      countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China.In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400.The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant.Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years.Parchment was very strong;it was made from the skin of certain young animals.We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper?

      18.When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely?

      19.Which of the following countries uses most paper for each person a year?

      20.What is the main idea of this short talk?

      [P43-Three]

      topic 題,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有and應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮

      題型總結(jié):

      Section A:

      1、but 題型

      2、場(chǎng)景題(線索詞)

      3、替換題(聽到什么不選什么)

      Section B:

      1、主觀題(找積極態(tài)度,正面評(píng)價(jià))

      2、客觀題(數(shù)字題,聽到什么選什么)

      3、宏觀題(中心思想題)

      4、細(xì)節(jié)題(注意中間的提示詞)

      替換題paraphrase:

      1、詞組與詞的替換(一般題干中出現(xiàn)詞組;選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)詞)。

      比如:run into sb.= meet sb.call off = cancel

      2、詞與詞替換(同義詞或者反義詞替換)

      比如:interesting = stimulating;fascinating;exciting;not boring

      [P25-10]

      A)One.B)Four.C)Five.46

      D)None.M: I hope there weren?t many visitors when I was away yesterday.W: There wasn?t a single one, Mr.Green.But I received four phone calls before I left the office at about 5:30.Q: How many people visited Mr.Green?s office yesterday?

      注:not a single one = none [P27-1]

      A)Read four chapters.B)Write an article.C)Speak before the class.D)Preview two chapters.W: What is the home assignment from Professor Smith? I missed the class this morning.M: Finish reading Chapters 5 and 6, and write an essay based on Chapters 3 and 4.Remember, it's your turn to give a presentation next Monday.Q: What will the woman do in addition to the home assignment for the whole class?

      注:提醒模式:remember, first, today, now(right now)

      [P28-5]

      A)No medicine could solve the woman?s problem.B)The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C)Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D)The woman should choose the right foods.M: What did your doctor prescribe for you?

      W: Well, he said there was no need for me to take any medicine if I ate well-balanced meals.Q: What did the doctor say?

      [P30-2]

      A)It's too expensive.B)It isn't needed.C)A college would be better.D)It should be built.M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.W: It's about time they did it.I don't know what took them so long.Q: What's the woman's opinion about the school?

      注:It's about time...強(qiáng)烈的主觀建議,選項(xiàng)中找should

      It's time...It's right time...It's just time...It's high time...[P30-3]

      A)Jack sold his car.B)Jack's car was stolen.C)Jack bought a new car.D)Jack had a car accident.M: Last night, Jack left his car parked in front of his girl-friend's house and when he came out to go home, it was gone.W: Wow!That's really tough.He just bought it last month, didn't he?

      Q: What do you think happened?

      注:1.一個(gè)完整的句子加個(gè)小尾巴都是反義疑問句,其核心是陳述句。

      2.it was gone 不見了 it was missing

      [P31-7]

      A)To work in the flower beds.48 B)To weed the garden.C)To hire a gardener.D)To clean the yard.M: Your yard is always so beautiful, Cathy.You must have a gardener.W: Oh, no.It would cost at least $ 50 a month to hire someone to do the work, so I do most of it myself.I enjoy taking care of the flowers, but I have to force myself to do the weeding and cut the grass.Q: What does Cathy like to do?

      注:weed 雜草 grass 草

      [P31-9]

      A)The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.B)The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C)The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.D)The man is eager to know the woman's answer.W: I have to think about your offer.I can't say “yes” or “no” at the moment.M: You can take your time.It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.Q: Which of the following is true?

      注:1.You can take your time.不著急。There's no rush.What's the rush?

      2.do =do some good/ work/ help 解決問題,起作用,好用,好使

      [P33-2]

      A)It was pretty good.B)It was rather dull.C)It was not well organized.D)It was attended by many people.W: Let's talk about the preparations for the party.49

      M: Right.We really need to plan better this time.Remember what a mess it was at the last party!

      Q: What do we know about the last party?

      注:1.dull(人)笨;(書)boring;(刀)鈍 2.mess 亂糟糟

      [P36-3]

      A)She has to change the time for the trip.B)She hasn't decided where to go next month.C)She can't afford the time for the trip.D)She will manage to leave this month.M: You?re going to make a trip to San Francisco, aren?t you?

      W: Yes.But I haven?t got the plane ticket yet.I?m thinking of postponing the trip to next month since this is the busiest month for the airlines.Q: What do we know about the woman from this conversation?

      注:trip 旅行;摔跟頭

      機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景:

      1、票已售完

      2、接人晚點(diǎn)

      3、送人傷感

      態(tài)度方向題 建議題 復(fù)合式聽寫

      Section A

      1、but 題型(3個(gè))

      2、場(chǎng)景題(3個(gè))

      3、替換題(3個(gè))

      4、態(tài)度方向題、建議題(1個(gè))

      態(tài)度方向(Yes or No)題型

      選項(xiàng)中一般有兩個(gè)相反選項(xiàng)。短對(duì)話中第一個(gè)人提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或一個(gè)一般疑問句,第二個(gè)人的回答Yes or No,后面再進(jìn)一步解釋原因。

      表示“Yes”“贊同”的一組詞:And...;I'll say;You said it.;You can say that again.;and how;isn't it, though;aren't they, though;You bet.;Of course;Certainly;Indeed;Sure.表示“No”的一組詞:Are you kidding/ joking/ serious? No kidding/ joking.Who told you that? Says who/ you? Where did you an idea like that?

      第五篇:新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

      2010四六級(jí)考試備考:聽力課堂筆記(1)短對(duì)話部分

      短對(duì)話聽力的一些原則

      1. 推理原則:一般需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理,故直接在對(duì)話中聽到的一般不是正確答案。

      2. 挫折原則:通常要辦的事情都是不順利的(如買東西買不到,訂房間客滿等)3. 男女原則:一般男生比較衰,女生比較牛。男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生都是不同意或有不同看法的,反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生都是同意和贊賞的。

      男生的特征:臟、亂、差、浪費(fèi)、窮、小氣、不良習(xí)慣、遲鈍、不顧家

      女生的特征:愛干凈、節(jié)約、富有、好學(xué)、能干、聰明、大度、耐心、戀家、除數(shù)理化外成績(jī)都很好

      4. 父母一般只有一個(gè)作用教育子女好好學(xué)習(xí)

      5. 除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)發(fā)生的事情一般是不考的,故遇到地點(diǎn)推測(cè)題類似 at home / at Mary’s home之類的選項(xiàng)一般都是不對(duì)的。

      6. 四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話只考日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中遇得到事情,問題,故如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一些日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生或很少發(fā)生的事情一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)

      短對(duì)話十大場(chǎng)景及一般思路

      1. 借車:車一般是借不到的

      2. 吃:匹薩,海鮮吃了一般會(huì)有不適反應(yīng),“派”一般比較好吃

      3. 考試:作業(yè)、論文一般比較難,或須要熬夜

      教授一般比較嚴(yán)厲

      選修課較難較多

      4. 坐車(飛機(jī)、輪船):一般都需要等

      5. 事故(災(zāi)難):光明原則,一般不會(huì)死人

      6. 聽講座:題目一般是比較有趣豐富的,內(nèi)容一般是比較復(fù)雜難懂的 7. 論文:一般需要修改(polish)或重寫(rewrite)

      8. 休閑:男生一般喜歡待在家里看TV或者看moive,女生一般喜歡高雅藝術(shù)如theater

      9. 醫(yī)院:需要預(yù)約make an appointment

      10買票:基本上是買不到的 短對(duì)話的常見場(chǎng)景

      1.學(xué)校場(chǎng)景

      課程分類

      Optional course 選修課

      Required course 必修課

      Day course 白天的課

      Evening course 晚上的課

      經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的科目或?qū)I(yè)

      Chinese 中文

      English 英語

      mathematic 數(shù)學(xué)

      history 歷史

      chemistry 化學(xué)

      Literature 文學(xué)

      考試

      Final exam 期終考試

      middle exam 期中考試

      make up 補(bǔ)考

      test測(cè)驗(yàn)

      pop test 事先沒有說好的測(cè)驗(yàn)

      quiz 測(cè)驗(yàn)

      oral test 口試

      聽力課堂筆記(2)考試臨近

      draw on / in sight of / draw nearly

      考試延期或取消

      delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend 學(xué)校分類

      public school 公立學(xué)校

      private school 私立學(xué)校

      religious school 教會(huì)學(xué)校

      學(xué)校中的人

      president 校長

      dean 院長

      professor 教授

      lecturer 講師

      coordinator 管理員

      doctor 博士

      master 碩士

      bachelor 學(xué)士

      freshman 大一新生

      sophomore 大二學(xué)生

      junior 大三學(xué)生

      senior 大四學(xué)生

      圖書館

      借書 lend / borrow / check out

      參考書 reference book

      續(xù)借 renew

      過期 overdue

      還書 return

      罰金 fine

      attend / have a lecture 上課

      cut a class 逃課

      miss a class 錯(cuò)過了課

      scholarship 榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

      assistantship 助教獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

      teaching assistant 助教

      research assistant 助研

      semester 學(xué)期

      2.交通運(yùn)輸場(chǎng)景

      fare 車票

      licence 駕照

      rush hours 高峰時(shí)間

      traffic jam 交通堵塞

      overtake 超車

      one way street 單行道

      over speed 超速

      police officer 交警

      ticket 罰單

      fine 罰金

      fast way / express way / high way 高速公路

      motor way 機(jī)動(dòng)車道

      super way 飛機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)車道

      free way 免費(fèi)高速公路

      聽力課堂筆記(3)交通工具(出現(xiàn)頻率從高到低)

      plane / train(女)/ bus / bike(女)/ walk(女)

      (女):女生比較喜歡 tunnel / channel 隧道

      ring road 環(huán)線

      subway(美)/ underground(英)地鐵

      metro 地道地鐵

      underpass人行地道

      overhead 輕軌

      flyover 人行天橋

      mag – lev 磁懸浮

      take a taxi 乘出租車

      / taxi

      call a taxi 招出租車/訂出租車

      catch a train / bus 趕火車/汽車

      3.電話場(chǎng)景

      mobile phone 手機(jī)

      pay phone 公用電話

      telephone box/booth 電話亭

      yellow page 黃頁

      dial(撥電話號(hào)碼)/ press(按電話號(hào)碼)

      extension 分機(jī)

      operator 總機(jī)

      put~through 接通

      wrong number / there is no one by this name 電話號(hào)碼錯(cuò)了/ 沒有這個(gè)人

      is not in 不在?be not in

      hold on 不要掛斷,稍等

      take/leave a message 留言

      hang up / get off 掛斷

      credit call 記賬式電話

      bill the call into the 3rd party 免費(fèi)電話

      collect call 對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話

      4.機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景

      plane / craft 飛機(jī)

      book 訂票

      timetable 時(shí)間表

      destination 目的地

      open ticket

      one way ticket 單程票

      round trip ticket 來回票

      non-stop / direct flight 直航

      transfer / lay over / stop over 轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)

      first / business / economy cabin 頭等 / 商務(wù) / 經(jīng)濟(jì) 艙

      confirm the flight 確認(rèn)航班

      check in 登記

      boarding card 登機(jī)牌

      security check 安檢

      see off 送行

      聽力課堂筆記(4)送別時(shí)的祝語

      keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系

      safe landing 安全著陸 board 登機(jī)

      take off 起飛

      departure 離港

      safety / sect belt 安全帶

      land 著陸

      arrival 進(jìn)港

      pick up 接機(jī)

      5.公司場(chǎng)景

      job vacancy 有空缺職位

      letter of application 求職信

      resume 簡(jiǎn)歷

      resume包括幾部分

      basic / personal info.基本信息/個(gè)人資料

      academic background 教育背景

      work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)

      certificates and honours

      interview 面試

      offer 聘用信

      work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)

      work overtime 加班

      ask for a raise 加錢

      wage 周薪

      salary 日薪

      bonus獎(jiǎng)金

      allowance 津貼

      annual income 年收入

      promotion 升職

      fire 解雇

      resign 辭職

      retire 退休

      laid-off 下崗

      work / job / career / course 工作

      post / position / vocation / title 職務(wù)

      假期休息的說法(依次是從大到小)

      holiday 假日,假期

      vacation 休假

      annual leave 年假

      sick leave 病假

      rest 休息

      break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break

      away 離開一會(huì)

      聽力課堂筆記(5)公司職位從大到小

      chairman of the board

      president--general manager—manager – department manager—head specialist(專員)

      --clerk 6.租房場(chǎng)景

      live on campus 住校

      live off campus 住校外

      for sale 可銷售的房子

      officer ––

      for rent / lease 可出租的房子

      to let 同上

      rent 租金

      utilities 公用事業(yè)費(fèi)

      location 位置

      suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心

      condition 住房條件

      furnished 配家具

      unfurnished 無裝修

      leaking 漏水

      blackout 斷電

      environment 環(huán)境

      transportation 交通

      land lord 房東

      land lady 房東太太

      tenant 房客

      roommate 室友

      好的室友:neat 整潔的 considerate 體貼的,細(xì)心的 不好的室友:messy / untidy 臟亂的 noisy 吵鬧的 7.醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景

      see a doctor 去醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生

      send for a doctor 讓醫(yī)生出診

      health center / clinic 衛(wèi)生所 / 門診部

      physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

      surgeon 外科醫(yī)生

      dentist 牙醫(yī)

      make an appointment 預(yù)約

      emergency 急診

      check up / exam 檢查

      cold(感冒)—— flu(流感)—— headache(頭痛)—— sore throat(嗓子痛)——

      fever(發(fā)燒)—— toothache(牙疼)—— stomachache(胃疼)

      prescribe 開藥方

      pill / tablet 藥片

      liquid 喝藥水

      injection => shot 注射

      operation 手術(shù)

      medical result 診斷結(jié)果

      聽力課堂筆記(6)8.賓館場(chǎng)景

      make a reservation 預(yù)訂房間

      confirm a reservation 確認(rèn)預(yù)訂 cancel a reservation 取消預(yù)訂

      fully booked / full up / full 客滿

      porter 行旅員

      tips 小費(fèi)

      reception 前臺(tái)

      check in 登記入住

      single room 單人房

      double room 一張大床的雙人房

      twin room 兩張單人床的雙人房

      suite 套房

      bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 廁所

      room service 客房服務(wù)(四級(jí)聽力中的客房服務(wù)一般只有考一種——送餐)

      lounge 男士用休息區(qū)

      lobby 大堂

      business center 商務(wù)中心

      salon 美容廳

      ball 舞廳

      bar 酒吧

      night club 夜總會(huì)

      check out 退房

      9.郵局場(chǎng)景

      post / send / mail 寄

      letter / mail 信

      registered mail 掛號(hào)信

      regular mail平信

      airmail 航空信

      parcel / package 包裹

      telegram / cable 電報(bào)

      rate 費(fèi)率

      overweight 超重

      postage 郵資

      email 電子郵件

      reply 回復(fù)

      forward 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

      cc(carbon copy)抄送

      bcc(blind carbon copy)秘密抄送

      subject 主題

      attach 附件attachment 聽力課堂筆記(7)10.飯店場(chǎng)景

      eat out 出去吃

      take away 外帶 fast food 快餐

      book a table 訂位子

      waiter / waitness 服務(wù)員waitress

      menu 菜單

      order 點(diǎn)菜

      appetizer 開胃菜

      main course 主食

      dessert 餐后甜點(diǎn)

      bill 賬單

      service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi)

      change 找零

      tips 小費(fèi)

      keep the change 不用找零了

      11.其他

      closed 關(guān)門

      open 開門

      office hours / business hours / working hours 工作時(shí)間,營業(yè)時(shí)間

      關(guān)于開關(guān)

      power on / off 開/關(guān)

      turn on / off 開/關(guān)

      switch on / off 開/ 關(guān)(這個(gè)詞只能用于與電有關(guān)的開關(guān),不能用于水龍頭之類的開關(guān))

      干杯

      cheers

      propose a toast to

      bottom up

      the best book 最好的書圣經(jīng)

      the best thing 最好的事情選擇

      the last thing 最不愿意做的事情

      the last man 最不愿意見的人

      best seller 暢銷的東西

      sell up 賣完,賣光 售罄

      sell out賣完,賣光 售罄 / 出賣朋友或原則

      sell off 低價(jià)處理庫存商品

      selling machine 自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)

      selling point 賣點(diǎn)

      count the days 渴望

      count on = dependent / rely on depend on

      count in 把??考慮在內(nèi)

      count for nothing 一錢不值

      count for little 無足輕重

      count for much 舉足輕重

      count down 倒計(jì)時(shí)

      count up 相加

      count up to 共計(jì)

      聽力課堂筆記(8)關(guān)于旅行

      travel

      journey 陸上長途旅行 trip 陸上短途旅行

      outing 遠(yuǎn)足

      stroll 散步

      wander 徘徊

      picnic 野餐

      camping 野營

      tour 周游

      cruise 水上短途旅行

      voyage 水上長途旅行

      關(guān)于死亡的說法

      沒有感情色彩的:die / end up / meat one’s death / decease

      褒義的: pass away

      貶義的:kick the bucket

      關(guān)于和別人相處的好的說法

      get on with = get along(well)with

      be in good term with

      live in peace with

      關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)

      point out

      emphasize

      lay / put emphasis on

      give emphasis to

      達(dá)成協(xié)議找到出路

      find a way out

      reach an agreement

      reach a consensus

      關(guān)于“得失”

      gains and losses

      give and take

      關(guān)于拜訪

      drop in / at / over / by

      stop in / over / by

      call on sb

      call at / round sw

      look in / up

      pay a visit to

      pay / make a call to 聽力課堂筆記(9)關(guān)于碰見,偶遇

      come across

      run into bump into

      happen to meet

      關(guān)于花錢、花費(fèi)的詞

      Take

      Spend

      Cost

      Charge

      Pay

      Buy

      關(guān)于水

      water

      running / tap ~ 自來水

      fresh ~ 活水

      still ~ 死水

      pure ~ 純凈水

      purified ~ 凈化水

      mineral ~ 礦泉水

      be used to do 被用于

      be used to dong習(xí)慣于

      get used to doing 漸漸習(xí)慣于

      used to do 過去常常

      單復(fù)數(shù)意思不太一樣的詞

      ruin 毀滅 ruins 廢墟

      authority 權(quán)威 authorities 當(dāng)局

      brain 頭腦 brains 智力,智慧

      custom 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣 customs 海關(guān)

      damage 破壞,損壞 damages 賠償費(fèi)

      ground 地面 土地 grounds 院子,監(jiān)獄

      manner 禮貌 方式 manners 外貌

      minute 分鐘 minutes 會(huì)議記錄

      paper 紙張 papers 試卷

      time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代

      關(guān)于“調(diào)查”

      research

      survey 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查

      opinion poll 名義調(diào)查民意調(diào)查

      questionnaire 問卷調(diào)查

      investigation 很正式的調(diào)查

      interview 會(huì)見,訪談

      belong to 屬于

      participate in 參加

      be engaged in 從事、參加

      be involved in 卷入

      聽力課堂筆記(10)消磨時(shí)間

      kill time

      pass time count one’s thumbs

      用完、缺少

      run out of

      be short of

      be lack in lack of / in

      a little 一點(diǎn) not a little 很多

      a bit 一點(diǎn) not a bit 一點(diǎn)也沒有

      短對(duì)話中常用單詞和句型

      1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的說法

      expect / hope / wish

      be eager / anxious /dying to

      look for ward to

      wait / yean / thirst / long for

      can not wait

      counting the days

      2.下列詞語與“but”一樣含有轉(zhuǎn)折的的意思

      actually

      well

      really

      in fact

      as a matter of fact

      to tell you the truth

      3.表示建議的句型

      how about?? 做??如何

      I heard about?? 我聽說??

      If I were you ?? 如果我是你??

      It seems to me that?? 在我看來似乎??

      Let’s ?? shall we ? 讓我們??怎么樣?

      Let us ?? will you ? 讓我們??怎么樣?

      Shall I / we ??

      What about ?? 做??如何

      Why don’t you ?? 你為什么不??

      Why not + 動(dòng)詞原型 為什么不??

      Would you like ?? 你要??嗎?

      Wouldn’t ?? be better / wiser 做??不是更好嗎?

      聽力課堂筆記(11)4.表示同意、附和的句型

      I agree with you

      Exactly couldn’t agree with you more / better

      I think so

      I can’t wait any minute

      Believe it or not

      I will ?? if 假如??我就會(huì)

      It’s my turn 輪到我了 我請(qǐng)客

      Why not ?

      You are right

      I guess so 我猜也是

      No problem 沒問題

      Of cause

      Out of question 毫無疑問

      So do I / me too 我也是

      Sure / absolutely / beautiful 當(dāng)然,很好

      Good idea

      That sounds really nice 聽起來真不錯(cuò)

      5.表示詢問的句型

      Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么問題嗎?

      Can you give me some ideas 可以給我一些建議嗎?

      Do you know ??

      Do you want to??

      Do you find any wrong with 你覺得??有什么不對(duì)勁嗎?

      How long will it take 做什么要花多久

      I am thinking of ?? 我正在考慮做??

      I suppose think ?? 我猜想??

      What’s your plane plan 你的計(jì)劃是什么?

      What happens if ?? 如果??怎么辦?

      What shall we do 我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?/p>

      6.表示否定的句型

      Actually / as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上??

      How can you do sth 你怎么可以??

      I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再煩我 I couldn’t agree with you

      I didn’t men to 我本不打算

      I don’t think so

      It doesn’t matter 無所謂

      I wish ?? 但愿??

      I’d like to but 我很愿意但是??

      I’d love to but

      I just can’t bear

      I am afraid not

      I am sorry but

      ?? is not everything ??不是關(guān)鍵

      no bother / why bother 不要麻煩

      no , thanks

      really

      That’s his opinion

      To tell you the truth

      Well , as far as I know 聽力課堂筆記(12)7.表示“不得不”

      have to 表示客觀上不得不做某事

      must 主觀上的必須做某事 be bound to

      cannot but

      have no choice but

      8.表示“遲到”

      behind time

      be delayed / overdue

      behind schedule

      be late

      9.表示“緊張”

      tremble

      shake all over

      get one’s tongue tied

      have one’s mind go blank

      nervous

      10.以下詞組聽到后意思取反

      mean to 想要??

      planned to 原計(jì)劃??

      intended to 原打算??

      tended to

      used to 過去常常??

      11.以下句型要引起重視,重點(diǎn)聽取,就算本身不是考點(diǎn)也一定直接引向考點(diǎn)

      反意疑問句(??,didn’t you ?)

      反問句

      倒裝句

      助動(dòng)詞 do / did / does

      it is ?? that / who / when?? 的句型

      正確答案的特征

      1. 含義肯定的不是正確選項(xiàng),模糊的是正確選項(xiàng)

      意思具體的不是正確選項(xiàng),概括的是正確選項(xiàng)

      意思詳細(xì)的不是正確選項(xiàng),抽象的是正確選項(xiàng)

      意思膚淺的不是正確選項(xiàng),深刻的是正確選項(xiàng)

      2. 含有一下單詞的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

      neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none

      3. 含有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)的一般可能是正確選項(xiàng)

      系表結(jié)構(gòu)(系動(dòng)詞+標(biāo)語表語)比較結(jié)構(gòu)(??than??)復(fù)合句

      4. 含有四級(jí)詞匯替換項(xiàng)的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

      5. 表示“同意或不同意”,“喜歡或不喜歡”,“應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該的”的一般為正確選項(xiàng)

      6. 以下三種選項(xiàng)一般其中有一個(gè)可能是正確選項(xiàng)

      聽力課堂筆記(13)反意項(xiàng) 形似項(xiàng)近似項(xiàng)

      7. 同意項(xiàng)不可能是正確選項(xiàng),等例排除。等立排除

      8. 絕對(duì)化選項(xiàng),一般不是正確答案,可直接排除

      關(guān)于時(shí)間推斷題

      1. 直接聽到的不選

      2. 極限值即值最大和最小的選項(xiàng)一般不選

      關(guān)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題

      1. 災(zāi)難題(如飛機(jī)失事、交通事故):一般選總和

      2. 號(hào)碼題

      double 表示兩個(gè),double two =22

      triple 表示三個(gè),triple two = 222

      凡是遇到一時(shí)反映不過來或聽不懂的數(shù)字一般為“0”

      3. 價(jià)格計(jì)算題

      打折題discount discount of 10% 表示打9折 此類題目一般選第二大的數(shù)字(最大的一般是原價(jià),第二大的一般就是打完折的)

      單價(jià)題 one / each 此類題目較難也很少考,一般在有倍數(shù)關(guān)系的一對(duì)數(shù)字中選小的那個(gè)

      語段題部分

      語段題概述

      從文章題材來分:三分之二考說明文,三分之一考記敘文,偶爾也考議論文,新聞報(bào)道

      從文章內(nèi)容來分:二分之一考社科類,三分之一考故事,其他還考自然科學(xué),人物傳記

      語段題??康陌朔N文章

      1. 學(xué)校題材(劍橋大學(xué)等)

      重點(diǎn):學(xué)校的地理位置,資金來源,校園環(huán)境,師生情況,課程情況,圖書館,課外活動(dòng),學(xué)校特色

      2. 機(jī)構(gòu)介紹(監(jiān)獄,圖書館等)

      重點(diǎn):地點(diǎn),規(guī)模,制度,專業(yè)

      3. 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)

      重點(diǎn):轟動(dòng)效應(yīng),背景(產(chǎn)生的原因),大眾觀點(diǎn),作者態(tài)度

      4. 災(zāi)難題(毒品,車禍等)

      重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)栴}類型,起因,危害,解決方法(尤其是科學(xué)家、研究人員提出的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、方法、結(jié)論)

      5. 新聞?lì)}

      重點(diǎn):when where who why which(what)how

      6. 人物題

      重點(diǎn):生卒年月、出生地、成就(貢獻(xiàn))、坎坷遭遇、結(jié)局

      7. 科普題(太陽風(fēng)等)

      重點(diǎn):物體特征、形成原因、分類、最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和初步結(jié)論

      8. 故事

      重點(diǎn):主人公遭遇、變故、主人公做的決定、原因、結(jié)局

      聽力課堂筆記(14)語段題10大解題原則

      1. 聽即原則:所聽即所得,聽到什么就選什么(正好與短對(duì)話相反,短對(duì)話時(shí)聽到的一般不選)

      2. 重讀原則:某單詞被反復(fù)讀到或是在語音上加以重讀,因引起重視如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)很可能是正確答案3. 順序原則:出題順序一般與行文順序相同除了主題題和部分說明文

      4. 主題原則:主題一般出現(xiàn)在段落的頭尾部分,所以要集中精力聽清前三句話和最后兩句話

      5. 原因原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示原因,目的的很有可能是考點(diǎn)如:because so as 等詞前后要著重聽

      6. 轉(zhuǎn)則原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)則的詞如:but however yet 等,后面的句子往往是考點(diǎn),要引起重視

      7. 光明原則:事情一般都是向著好的方面發(fā)展的,主人公多數(shù)是大難不死的,事情總是逢兇化吉,絕處逢生的 8. 男女原則:同短對(duì)話

      9. 窮學(xué)生原則:學(xué)生一般都是比較窮的,不能繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)一般都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因,因?yàn)楦F一般還比較喜歡DIY一些東西

      10.偏怪小原則:一般故事總是稀奇古怪的,經(jīng)過總是曲折離奇的,結(jié)局總是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中

      語段題的做提步驟

      1. 先預(yù)讀備選項(xiàng),從備選項(xiàng)推測(cè)文章的體裁和大致內(nèi)容

      2. 更據(jù)十大原則和該類文章的重點(diǎn)大致推測(cè)考點(diǎn)可能出現(xiàn)的位置

      3. 聽語段,尤其抓住標(biāo)志詞,確定考點(diǎn)

      4. 聽問題,將原文的意思對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)。確定考點(diǎn)后用原文對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)

      對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)一般有四種情況按難度依次為

      原詞復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)中的用詞和原文完全一樣

      同義復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)中用一個(gè)同義詞或詞組替換原文中的詞

      近義復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)與原文意思相近,但換了一種表達(dá)方式

      反意復(fù)現(xiàn):選項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)正好相反,但意思是一樣的如:原文說如果怎樣就會(huì)怎樣,選項(xiàng)說如果不怎么樣就會(huì)如何。

      十大類標(biāo)志詞

      據(jù)研究有90%以上的考點(diǎn)都是由標(biāo)志詞引導(dǎo)活提示的,因此在語段聽力中聽到下列標(biāo)志詞時(shí)要引起高度的重視,集中注意力聽清標(biāo)志詞前后的句子。

      1. 最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

      形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)、most / chief / primary / main / leading / ??

      2. 唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

      only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ??

      3. 因果項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的問句 / ??

      4. 轉(zhuǎn)則項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞

      despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~(yet)~ / not only ~ but also ~ / ??

      5. 序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      所有的序數(shù)詞(first , second)/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other

      hand / ??

      6. 時(shí)間項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ??

      7. 解釋項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ??

      8. 目的項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      to / for / ??

      9. 總結(jié)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ??

      10.強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

      副詞:especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ??

      動(dòng)詞:show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ??

      聽力課堂筆記(15)說明文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

      說明文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 選項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)潔概括、不完整句子居多,最多有一至二題細(xì)節(jié)體

      2. 選項(xiàng)往往比較抽象,一般以 it / they / man / woman /等抽象名詞做主語

      3. 選項(xiàng)往往表達(dá)因果、目的、手段的小詞 如:because / by / to

      4. 選項(xiàng)具備科學(xué)性、客觀性的特點(diǎn),但選項(xiàng)之間缺乏邏輯關(guān)系

      說明文的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 文章緊緊圍繞一個(gè)事物或事件進(jìn)行描述,深入淺出,要求知其所以然

      2. 文章緊扣一個(gè)中心事物,著重描寫一個(gè)熟悉事物的與眾不同處

      3. 語言平實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)潔、明白,有時(shí)會(huì)用以下修辭方法:分類法、舉例子、做比較、列數(shù)字

      4. 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,多為總分結(jié)構(gòu)

      5. 開篇引題,重點(diǎn)不分明。但以設(shè)問開頭的說明文除外。

      標(biāo)志詞常出現(xiàn)的位置

      1. 在每個(gè)層次的啟承處

      判斷個(gè)層次的啟承主要有兩種方法一種是聽序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞如:on the other hand / another / second等等;第二種是聽“氣”即語速,語音,語調(diào)有所變化的地方。

      2. 段落開頭、結(jié)尾處,前三后二

      科技類說明文

      重點(diǎn)注意三個(gè)“age”即

      advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì)

      disadvantage 劣勢(shì)

      usage 用途

      環(huán)境類說明文

      重點(diǎn)在于產(chǎn)生環(huán)境問題的原因及解決方法

      實(shí)驗(yàn)類說明文

      重點(diǎn)在于:

      實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、?shí)驗(yàn)手段、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

      演講類說明文

      重點(diǎn)在于:

      演講主題、說話人的觀點(diǎn)、文章走向

      應(yīng)該重視的原則

      聽即原則

      主題原則

      層次原則

      原因原則

      轉(zhuǎn)折原則

      求異原則 注意事物的與眾不同處

      替換原則 數(shù)字,年代等一般需要重新定位

      記敘文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

      記敘文的內(nèi)容一般為記敘人物經(jīng)歷,故事、事物發(fā)展過程、游記等

      記敘文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 提供大量細(xì)節(jié),選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常有時(shí)間名、地點(diǎn)名、人物名。

      2. 選項(xiàng)基本是完整的句子主語常為he / she / the man / the women

      3. 選項(xiàng)多位敘述性的句子,比一般說明文來的長

      4. 選項(xiàng)符合時(shí)間順序,但沒有邏輯關(guān)系

      聽力課堂筆記(16)記敘文的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 人物簡(jiǎn)單,事實(shí)清楚,中心明確

      2. 故事情節(jié)相對(duì)完整

      3. 故事本身無主題無重點(diǎn)

      4. 寫作方法一般有順敘和倒敘兩種,以順敘為主倒敘為輔

      5. 敘述順序一般有兩種:時(shí)間順序和事務(wù)發(fā)展順序

      記敘文可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)

      1. 考主題 前三句后兩句

      2. 考原因

      3. 考轉(zhuǎn)折

      4. 靠順序,時(shí)間順序,事物發(fā)展順序

      5. 考對(duì)話,可在選項(xiàng)旁邊適當(dāng)做筆記如:a選項(xiàng)是tom說的那就在a旁邊寫個(gè)t,反之如果選項(xiàng)是人名,那么就在每個(gè)人名邊上寫下這人說的話中最關(guān)鍵的一詞

      記敘文解題應(yīng)該重視的原則

      1. 聽即原則,尤其重視重讀、重讀現(xiàn)象

      2. 主題原則,段首往往是考點(diǎn)

      3. 特別重視三類標(biāo)志詞:因果 轉(zhuǎn)折 時(shí)間

      4. 光明原則:事情一般都是逢兇化吉的

      5. 偏怪小原則:事情結(jié)局一般總是出人意料的,如果沒聽清楚切忌按常理推斷,要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那個(gè)

      新聞稿類型文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思路

      新聞稿的選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

      1. 選項(xiàng)具有時(shí)效性

      2. 選項(xiàng)具有災(zāi)難性

      新聞稿的文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 文章敘事的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種:金字塔型和倒金字塔型。四級(jí)聽力語段一般為金字塔型,即最重要的放在最前面,導(dǎo)語引領(lǐng)全文

      2. 注重實(shí)效性,在原文和選項(xiàng)中都體現(xiàn)出剛發(fā)生的感覺,有時(shí)還會(huì)涉及將來時(shí)

      3. 內(nèi)容一般是兩大類:天災(zāi),人禍

      新聞稿可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)

      1. 考導(dǎo)語即第一句話

      2. 靠賓語 即語段中線類似 It is said / reported / pronounces / declared /??/ that ?? 這樣的句子,那么“that”后面的句子是極有可能是考點(diǎn)。

      3. 考查四方面的信息:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)字

      4. 考轉(zhuǎn)折

      5. 考原因

      議論文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思

      議論文的選項(xiàng)特征

      1. 選項(xiàng)多位概括性的句子

      2. 選項(xiàng)有表明觀點(diǎn)的作用

      3. 選項(xiàng)有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系

      議論文文章特點(diǎn)

      1. 在三大要素中(論點(diǎn)、論證、論據(jù))論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)是文章的重點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)一般在文章開頭,篇尾也會(huì)點(diǎn)題

      2. 文章通俗易懂,道理淺顯,說理的過程敘事化

      3. 主題明確,圍繞一個(gè)論點(diǎn)展開

      4. 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,一般為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。小論點(diǎn)明顯,態(tài)度鮮明

      聽力課堂筆記(17)議論文的常見考點(diǎn)

      1. 考論點(diǎn),中心論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)都是必考的

      2. 考問答,文章中出現(xiàn)設(shè)問及其回答都是很重要的 3. 考觀點(diǎn):如think??,suppose ??

      4. 標(biāo)志詞(最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞,唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞,原因項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞,轉(zhuǎn)折項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞)

      復(fù)合式聽寫部分

      復(fù)合式聽寫答題順序及技巧

      聽之前:pre – listening

      1. 對(duì)全文進(jìn)行全局性預(yù)覽:尤其是第一句(topic)最后一句(conclusion)

      2. 觀察空格前后的特殊現(xiàn)象,判斷詞性,單復(fù)數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)

      聽之時(shí):while-listening

      原則:精聽,速記,以聽為主,以記為輔。

      如何速記

      1. 省略虛詞如:如冠詞,助動(dòng)詞等

      2. 遇到詞組記每個(gè)單詞首字母如 break down 就記作B D,但一定要自己看得懂的 3. 長單詞記前三個(gè)字母 如:experience 就記作 exp

      4. 符號(hào)記憶 如:more than 就記作”>” less than 記作 “<” equal to 記作 “=”等等

      5. 混合記憶 就是把上面幾種方法混合起來用,還可以夾雜中文字等等

      6. 隨便記憶 如果實(shí)在一時(shí)想不出是什么詞,就用拼音,音標(biāo)或者讀音相近的詞先把他記下來??傊褪遣还軐?duì)錯(cuò),先把大致讀音記下來再說,然后等有時(shí)間再慢慢研究。

      7. 無論采取何種記錄方法最重要的原則是記得自己看得懂,待會(huì)能很方便的回想和復(fù)原出來。不要記得到時(shí)候自己也想不起來是什么東西。

      聽之后:after – listening

      全面檢查和補(bǔ)全前面記錄下的東西

      1. 檢查漏詞

      a 檢查漏掉的:介詞(in on at ??),冠詞(a an the),代詞(it this that ??)

      b 漏詞綴:漏掉單詞前綴,漏掉非謂語形式(“ing”??),漏掉過去時(shí)態(tài)(最容易出錯(cuò)的是以下四個(gè)短語 decided to / surprised to / learned to / started to)

      2. 檢查錯(cuò)詞

      a 長單詞容易發(fā)生拼寫錯(cuò)誤,要仔細(xì)檢查一遍

      b 短單詞容易和同音異義詞混淆,檢查時(shí)要和上下文連起來看看意思是不是對(duì)

      3. 檢查大小寫

      人名 地名 國家名 時(shí)間名(月份什么)節(jié)日名 書名 文件名 商標(biāo)名 歷史事件名 宗教名首字都要大寫 句首單詞首字母也要大寫

      4. 檢查名詞單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí),動(dòng)詞事態(tài),語態(tài)

      關(guān)于最后三句話的聽寫注意事項(xiàng)和技巧

      這個(gè)三句話一般比較難,要全部聽出來有一定難度。但無論如何有兩點(diǎn)要避免,1. 把句子寫成一個(gè)個(gè)單詞,把沒聽見的地方位置空出來。這個(gè)是絕對(duì)不可取的,老師看都不用看肯定扣分。因?yàn)檫@都不是句子嘛!

      2. 把句子的內(nèi)容不斷的涂改,搞的卷面非常難看。這個(gè)首先給老師的印象就很惡劣,然后如果有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤本來可以扣0.5分,1分什么的,這下就說不定全部扣光了

      所以不管對(duì)錯(cuò)都要把句子寫成貌似像一個(gè)句子,要整潔不要涂涂改改,最好還沒有語法錯(cuò)誤。一般可以有四種做法:

      1. 逐字逐句聽寫(適合比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子或比較牛的同學(xué))

      2. 聽懂之后寫句子大意,無語法錯(cuò)誤(適合于比較長的句子)

      比較常用的方法是判斷這句話表達(dá)的是正面的意思還是反面的意思,正面的意思嘗試用 it is good / important 之類的句子改寫

      反面的意思嘗試用 it is bad / harmful 之類的句子改寫

      聽力課堂筆記(18)3. 前后隨便抄一句(反正空著也是空著,就隨便寫一句咯。:P 因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熤挥写鸢笡]有考卷的啦。對(duì)是肯定不對(duì)的但總比空著強(qiáng))

      4. 呵呵,連隨便抄抄這種方法也講了,還剩下什么呢?這個(gè)我就不說了,估計(jì)大多數(shù)人也是不會(huì)用地說 :)

      反正做復(fù)合式聽寫不管聽得如何最重要的就是死也不能空著!因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熞惶煲膸装俜菥碜?,空著太醒目了一看就是扣分,而且給老師的第一印象就是這個(gè)同學(xué)水平很差然后說不定就沒興趣看了。單詞實(shí)在不會(huì)拼,千萬不要空著,如有一兩個(gè)字母吃不準(zhǔn)可以寫的花一點(diǎn)即像這個(gè)又像那個(gè)。如果完全不會(huì)拼就隨便按照發(fā)音規(guī)則拼一個(gè)貌似的單詞。句子么前面已經(jīng)說過了一定要寫得貌似一個(gè)完整的句子。反正錯(cuò)了是理所當(dāng)然的因?yàn)楸緛砭筒粚?duì),沒什么好后悔,but(強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折)萬一閱卷的老師眼神不好算你對(duì)了,那是就檢了便宜了啦。

      最后說幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

      1. 切忌拿到考卷就去翻看作文題,因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)打亂你正常的思路,或不知不覺開始構(gòu)思或造成不必要的緊張,而這都勢(shì)必會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你聽力的效果。作文最后有專門整塊的時(shí)間可以構(gòu)思和寫作,完全沒有必要這樣迫不及待。

      2. 拿到考卷后除了填準(zhǔn)考證什么的就因馬上把思想集中在聽力部分,因?yàn)檫@是考試中唯一只有一次機(jī)會(huì)的題目。機(jī)不可失,失不再來。

      3. 預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該從最后一篇文章往前讀,因?yàn)閟ection b 的 direction 很較短且選項(xiàng)難度也較大,所以很可能會(huì)來不及讀的。所以尤其是后兩篇文章的選項(xiàng)一定要先讀,第一篇實(shí)在來不及還可以在direction時(shí)讀。但在預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),耳朵一定要注意聽 當(dāng)聽到section a 的 direction 讀到中間有個(gè)“therefore”這個(gè)單詞時(shí)(這個(gè)單詞在那個(gè)例子講完后一點(diǎn)),無論看到哪里都馬上停下來回到section a 讀第一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)椤皌herefore”這個(gè)單詞到第一題開始正好是10秒,而后面每一題的間隔也正好是10秒。大家一定要讓自己適應(yīng)在10秒內(nèi)讀完四個(gè)選項(xiàng),要知道如果來不及的話也就意味著后面的題目你統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都來不及,因?yàn)楹竺娴?0秒還要去除答前面一題的時(shí)間呢。

      4. 答題的時(shí)間一般最長不要超過4秒至少要留6秒時(shí)間給下一道題的預(yù)讀。前6秒答題,后8秒預(yù)讀下一題選項(xiàng)。超過4秒還選不出答案的要么就隨便選,要么就記下點(diǎn)什么待會(huì)再選。而且事實(shí)證明在4秒鐘之內(nèi)不能選出答案的,就算選了錯(cuò)誤的幾率也是非常大的。所以千萬不要拼命狂想,否則后面的就是多米諾骨牌式的效應(yīng)了。

      5. 考前注意休息,營養(yǎng)均衡,早餐定時(shí)定量。

      6. 強(qiáng)烈建議考試當(dāng)天早上不要看什么單詞書,也不要聽什么聽力,也不要背什么作文。因?yàn)閷?duì)于絕大多數(shù)的同學(xué)而言,到了這時(shí)候再看這些已經(jīng)不會(huì)有什么太大的作用反而只會(huì)莫名其妙的增加自己緊張和不安的情緒,而這對(duì)于考試絕對(duì)是不利的。

      7. 對(duì)于少部分考試慢熱型但心理素質(zhì)又很好的同學(xué)早上也可以隨便拿一套聽得很熟得真題來聽聽,但就算要聽也一定要聽平時(shí)聽得滾瓜爛熟的千萬不要找陌生的來聽。(不太推薦)這不是我說的。

      8. 古人云,不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵,很大程度上取決于心理因素。所以不要給自己任何負(fù)面的心理暗示,早上起來大聲地告訴自己我這次一定可以過的,我很強(qiáng)的。然后可以聽一些輕音樂之類的舒緩自己緊張的情緒。

      再次萬分的感謝tom老師的講課

      ________________________________________

      [原創(chuàng)]四級(jí)聽力之——如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力

      如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力(國內(nèi)部徐星海)

      引子

      如何有效備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力?如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)大幅提高自身水平?隨著十二月份的四級(jí)考試的臨近,越來越多的考生面臨著這樣的一個(gè)尷尬局面:有時(shí)間的時(shí)候,忽視了日積月累的復(fù)習(xí);而意識(shí)到復(fù)習(xí)的重要性的時(shí)候,時(shí)間又非常緊迫了。古人云,“不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵”,意思就是在打仗之前,就已經(jīng)通過各種各樣的非戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),勝敗已見分曉。同樣的,我們四級(jí)的考生也一定要贏在起跑線上:建立起正確的迎考態(tài)度,按照正確的復(fù)習(xí)方法和節(jié)奏,有條不紊地進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)工作。

      心理準(zhǔn)備

      首先我們必須明確:冰凍三尺,非一日之寒;英語學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)長期積累的過程,短期的突擊無異于舍本逐末、杯水車薪。然而,這并不意味著我們不能夠通過掌握考試規(guī)律來調(diào)整我們的臨考狀態(tài)、提高我們的應(yīng)考能力。本文目的就是與廣大考生共同分享如何利用應(yīng)試規(guī)律、最大限度地發(fā)揮同學(xué)們的四級(jí)聽力水平的。當(dāng)然,我們還是需要反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào):英語水平是不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性飛躍的,盡管,考生的應(yīng)試水平可以通過科學(xué)的方法有效地提高。

      想要在四級(jí)考場(chǎng)中最大程度發(fā)揮潛能、取得完勝,考生首先要在心理上取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。不僅是對(duì)于初次考級(jí)的新考生,對(duì)于老考生來說,四級(jí)的成敗很大程度上取決于心理因素。心理上,我們必須戒驕戒躁,排除任何雜念,越是臨近考試,就越是要冷靜執(zhí)著,堅(jiān)韌不拔??忌男闹兄恍枰幸粋€(gè)信念:兩個(gè)月,我只要兩個(gè)月復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)就綽綽有余了,我一定能夠畢其功于一役!

      同時(shí),我們必須有這樣的心理準(zhǔn)備:隨著四、六級(jí)考試改革的深入,會(huì)有更多,更新,更難的題目,包括聽力題目和題型出現(xiàn)。有了這樣的思想準(zhǔn)備,一旦出現(xiàn)某種沒有預(yù)料到的題型,或者是某些罕見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),就反而迎合了我們打硬仗的心理準(zhǔn)備。我們就能夠真正地在戰(zhàn)略上輕視四級(jí)考試,在戰(zhàn)術(shù)上重視四級(jí)考試。表現(xiàn)出我不入地獄、誰入地獄的氣概。

      當(dāng)然,我們花了大量的時(shí)間和精力來復(fù)習(xí)英語、準(zhǔn)備考試肯定不是為收集準(zhǔn)考證而來的。所以,一旦在考場(chǎng)中出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的意外情況,我們能夠、也必須有處驚不變的能力,及時(shí)調(diào)整考試心態(tài)、從容不迫地應(yīng)答。須知,四級(jí)考試是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試,對(duì)于每個(gè)考生而言,都是公平的。事實(shí)上,歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明:題目要求越是高,難度越是大,考生的發(fā)揮余地也就越大。挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇是正相關(guān)的。聽力課堂筆記(19)實(shí)戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備

      毫無疑問,一個(gè)考生的應(yīng)試水平,其實(shí),也是基于一定的英語基礎(chǔ)之上的。所謂弱不受補(bǔ),任何的技巧和方法都或多或少地需要對(duì)于英語有比較基本而扎實(shí)的掌握。所以,想要盡快提高自己的應(yīng)試水平,首先就是要盡快提高自己的英語水平。當(dāng)然,既然考生的目標(biāo)非常明確、而且只有一個(gè):四級(jí),那么就應(yīng)該把有限的時(shí)間和精力投入到無限的為四級(jí)而準(zhǔn)備的工作中去。雖然,同樣是測(cè)試一個(gè)考生的英語語言運(yùn)用能力,但是國外有雅思考試、托??荚嚕瑖鴥?nèi)有專業(yè)四、八級(jí),大學(xué)四、六級(jí)等等,她們的考試目的,手段,和評(píng)價(jià)體系都不盡相同。由此可見,復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)的最好方法,不過六個(gè)字:真題!真題!真題??!可以說,真題的重要性在任何考試中都到了無可復(fù)加的地步。只有真題才能夠體現(xiàn)出考試的所有特點(diǎn),四級(jí)考試當(dāng)然也不例外。達(dá)成了這個(gè)共識(shí),我們就需要解決另外一個(gè)問題:如何有效地利用有限的真題。

      據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),保留完整的四級(jí)真題不超過三十套,所以,真題的資源是非常有限,甚至是稀缺的。所以,做真題,不僅僅是一個(gè)做題的過程,而且是一個(gè)做精做透,精益求精,不斷提高的過程。那么怎么樣才能在聽真題的時(shí)候達(dá)到以上的要求呢?根據(jù)聽真題的不同層次,基本上,可以把聽題分為以下五個(gè)階段:

      1. 初聽

      眾所周知,聽真題時(shí)的第一感覺是無法取代的。第一次聽題,是對(duì)考生聽力的一次全新考驗(yàn),所以,大部分考生也非常重視測(cè)分。但是由于太重視分?jǐn)?shù),往往剛聽完一個(gè)部分就開始對(duì)答案,甚至每聽一題就對(duì)一題的答案。應(yīng)該說,這樣的做法首先干擾了正常的做題程序,而且使考生養(yǎng)成依賴答案的習(xí)慣,最后也很難達(dá)到預(yù)期的做題效果,畢竟,在考場(chǎng)里,考生聽題必須一氣呵成,在整整二十分鐘時(shí)間里,根本沒有機(jī)會(huì)休息,更不用說對(duì)答案了。所以,第一次聽題,最好能夠模擬考場(chǎng)的情況,制造考場(chǎng)的氣氛,甚至對(duì)自己施加一些臨考的壓力,這樣才能夠達(dá)到理想的聽題效果。即使是有個(gè)別題目不確定或者沒有聽清,也必須強(qiáng)迫自己至少在整套真題聽完以后再對(duì)答案(而不是對(duì)照原文),然后再著手尋找問題。

      2. 聽寫

      在第一遍聽題結(jié)束以后,考生往往會(huì)碰到以下兩種情況:一.發(fā)覺有些自己猶豫不決的題目猜對(duì)了;二.發(fā)覺有些猶豫不決的題目改錯(cuò)了。對(duì)于這兩種情況,考生必須有一個(gè)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí):其實(shí)這些題目就像比賽中的機(jī)會(huì)球一樣,做對(duì)與否幾乎完全取決于運(yùn)氣。所有,無論對(duì)錯(cuò),都應(yīng)該引起考生的高度重視。另外兩種容易被忽略的現(xiàn)象是:一.考生可以在第一次就把握住題目的大意,因此可以比較輕松地把題目答對(duì);二.考生無論如何努力地試圖去聽也無法把原文中的信息通過聽力的手段解構(gòu)。對(duì)于第一種現(xiàn)象,考生必須防止一知半解(只知其一,不知其二),或者是自欺欺人(以為自己完全懂了,其實(shí)有些地方根本就沒有聽到,沒有聽出來,或者是沒有聽懂)。而對(duì)于第二種現(xiàn)象,有些考生往往就急于求成,在第一時(shí)間就翻開原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。這些情況,都是廣大考生必須避免的。剛才已經(jīng)說過,真題的資源是非常稀缺的,因此,在初聽之后,考生需要開始一個(gè)漫長的細(xì)嚼慢咽的消化過程。這個(gè)過程,就是做聽寫練習(xí),不厭其煩地對(duì)自己所做的每一道真題進(jìn)行聽寫練習(xí),無論對(duì)錯(cuò)。這樣一來,本來沒有暴露出來的問題自然而然也就暴露出來了,本來已經(jīng)暴露出來的問題則被具體化地落實(shí)到了詞、詞組、和短語等語言基本單位上。如此一來,清者自清、濁者自濁,考生可以從一個(gè)非??陀^的角度全面審視自己現(xiàn)有的聽力水平。

      3. 整理

      當(dāng)找到自身存在的隱含或者是具體的問題之后,考生就可以開始?xì)w納整理自己在聽寫中所反映出來的問題了。一般,每個(gè)考生的情況不同,因此問題也因人而異。不過有一點(diǎn)可以肯定,如果是小對(duì)話題,那么問題基本上可以從單詞、詞組、口語表達(dá)方式、場(chǎng)景及其相關(guān)語境詞、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)語體、和語音語調(diào)等幾方面進(jìn)行歸類;如果是語段題,那么問題基本上可以從詞組、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、語段語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、文章體裁、考點(diǎn)分布、和標(biāo)志詞等幾方面來進(jìn)行歸類;而如果是復(fù)合式聽寫,那么問題基本上可以從漏詞、錯(cuò)詞、大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、數(shù)、同音近音詞、細(xì)節(jié)把握、語言歸納整理能力、和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握等幾方面來進(jìn)行歸

      類。通過比較系統(tǒng)地歸納和整理自身暴露出來的問題,考生可以比較一目了然地發(fā)覺自身的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)所在,因此也就有了對(duì)癥下藥的科學(xué)依據(jù)。而且,考生往往會(huì)發(fā)覺,由于聽力是一門綜合性的科目,所以,所謂聽力問題,大多數(shù)情況下,不僅僅是由于“聽力”出了問題,而且還因?yàn)樵~匯量限制、句型掌握不穩(wěn)固、語法知識(shí)不系統(tǒng)、語言功能掌握不全面、語段語篇理解不透徹等等其它“非聽力”因素而出現(xiàn)障礙。這樣,就要求廣大考生能夠從自身具體情況出發(fā),結(jié)合各種工具書,針對(duì)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)各個(gè)擊破。

      4. 跟讀

      通過以上方法,基本上,考生可以把詩外的功夫做到位,但是如果同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有些結(jié)構(gòu)看到了就懂了,可是聽起來還是很吃力,那又應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?理論上,這是由于考生的視覺和聽覺脫鉤的關(guān)系。也就是說,考生的對(duì)于真題的敏感性還沒有在聽覺這個(gè)層次上建立起來。如果說其它部分還可以蒙混過關(guān),那么這對(duì)于聽力來說就是一個(gè)巨大的災(zāi)難了。除了極個(gè)別題目可以通過選項(xiàng)特征進(jìn)行判斷以外,其它聽不懂的題目一般情況下都會(huì)犧牲掉,畢竟,四級(jí)真題越來越成熟、越來越科學(xué)、越來越系統(tǒng),真題中的迷惑項(xiàng)也隨之越來越難以辨別。既然問題是出在“聽覺”上,那么最好的方式就是通過糾正語音來解決問題了。顯而易見,聽說本為一家,如果考生單純“聽力”出現(xiàn)問題,那么一般“口語”也不盡如人意,而考生如果口語水平不俗,那么一般聽力也不會(huì)差。須知,練習(xí)口語和提高聽力本身就是個(gè)辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,兩者緊密聯(lián)系、相輔相成。對(duì)于進(jìn)入沖刺階段的考生來說,練習(xí)聽力,需要不急不徐、戒驕戒躁,既沒有時(shí)間,不能夠從最基本的音標(biāo)或者是漫無目的地找口語材料進(jìn)行練習(xí),也不能夠急功近利,妄圖通過一兩次突擊就大功告成。實(shí)際上,只要有心,考生不難發(fā)現(xiàn):完完整整、踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地對(duì)照聽力原文,跟讀真題聽力磁帶五至六遍以后,再回過頭來聽題,感覺就不可同日而語了。在跟讀的過程中,考生切忌貪多,一定要在他人、錄音機(jī)、復(fù)讀機(jī)、或者其它設(shè)備的幫助下糾正自己不良的吐字發(fā)音習(xí)慣,有條件的話,最好是親自對(duì)照自己的讀音和真題讀音之間的差別,這樣才能夠盡快突破語音關(guān),為聽力考試打通最后一道關(guān)。如果時(shí)間允許,考生還需要重點(diǎn)跟讀自己在聽寫練習(xí)中暴露出的問題單詞、問題句型、或者問題語段結(jié)構(gòu),在糾正語音的過程中,強(qiáng)化自己的復(fù)習(xí)成果。

      聽力課堂筆記(20)5. 背誦

      最后的一個(gè)階段,也是最高境界,就是能夠?qū)φ骖}了如指掌,做到繪聲繪色、惟妙惟肖地模仿,甚至是倒背如流。我們很多教授聽力的老師,通過長期的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,已經(jīng)達(dá)到了這個(gè)層次,從而對(duì)于真題才有不同凡響的見解和分析。不難看出,對(duì)于真題越是熟悉的人,無論是考生還是老師,都能夠很好地把握聽題節(jié)奏、做題方法、猜題技巧、從而達(dá)到“猛、準(zhǔn)、狠”的最高境界。我們?cè)谡n上講授的絕大多數(shù)技巧、場(chǎng)景、原則、關(guān)鍵詞、特殊句型、甚至是答題的感覺都是以大量背誦作為基礎(chǔ)的。一般地說,一個(gè)考生只要能夠達(dá)到背誦考點(diǎn)的水平(與全文背誦相比較還是相對(duì)容易的),就可以輕松應(yīng)付四級(jí)聽力考試了。畢竟,四級(jí)聽力考試所能夠測(cè)試的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)范圍有限,考生一旦能夠?qū)λ袦y(cè)試點(diǎn)如數(shù)家珍,那么考試本身已經(jīng)不成為問題了,因?yàn)?,這時(shí)候的考生已經(jīng)突破了應(yīng)付考試的層次,真正達(dá)到了提升英語水平的階段了。這聽起來似乎遙不可及,其實(shí)不然。考生在有一定語感的基礎(chǔ)上,通過可以誦讀五、六遍就已經(jīng)能夠?qū)y(cè)試點(diǎn)有一個(gè)基本印象了,然后根據(jù)艾賓浩斯的記憶曲線,連續(xù)記憶三天就可以過關(guān)了。到時(shí)候,考生再回首看自己曾經(jīng)做過的卷子、錯(cuò)過的題,不禁會(huì)扼腕痛惜:這種程度的題目我也會(huì)做錯(cuò)?

      聽力課堂筆記(21)總結(jié)

      我們說在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)完成四級(jí)的考級(jí)任務(wù)并不僅僅是空洞的技巧和捷徑,因?yàn)槿魏蔚募记啥夹枰欢ǖ姆e累作為基礎(chǔ),而任何的捷徑只是一條比較近的路而已,都是由人走出來的。所以,我們一方面需要放松心態(tài)、輕裝上陣;另一方面又需要腳踏實(shí)地、苦干加巧干。

      在具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,我們首先應(yīng)該對(duì)自己有一個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí),也就是說,要了解自己的水平怎么樣。當(dāng)然,如果至今都沒有完整地做過任何一套四級(jí)真題的同學(xué)是不知道自己的水平以大學(xué)英語四級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量到底達(dá)到什么程度的。所以,從這兩個(gè)月里的第1天起,我們就必須開始做題。每天只需要做一至兩套,但是務(wù)必做精做透。

      這樣做,唯一的好處就在于通過試著完整地做歷年四級(jí)真題,考生就能夠找出自己在四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。找到了這樣的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),就可以進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的強(qiáng)化練習(xí),填補(bǔ)自己在知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的漏洞。由于聽力考試是一門綜合性的考試,考察的不僅是學(xué)生的聽能,更是學(xué)生在詞匯,閱讀,歸納分析等等方面的綜合能力,所以,在聽力上有問題的同學(xué),往往問題不僅僅在聽能上,他其它部分的答題通常也是差強(qiáng)人意的。但是如果我們能夠通過聽力找到自己在整個(gè)英語體系中體現(xiàn)出來的問題,不管是發(fā)音、詞匯、語法、還是閱讀能力,那么就可以達(dá)到一箭雙雕的效果了。

      當(dāng)然,四級(jí)考級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)是一個(gè)龐大而系統(tǒng)的過程。在這個(gè)過程中還要注意的一個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是要將任務(wù)大而化小,小而化了。反復(fù)練習(xí)考試聽力時(shí),不要以整套真題、整個(gè)部分、或者整個(gè)語段為單位,而是應(yīng)該以最小的單位進(jìn)行反復(fù)的復(fù)習(xí)。小對(duì)話題至少劃分到每一題,語段題至少劃分到每一段,而聽寫題則最好劃分到每一句。這樣不僅使需要解決的問題變得很明確,而且容易使考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中有掌握一個(gè)新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)或者考點(diǎn)的成就感。

      具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生要不忘加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)的訓(xùn)練。把聽力原文中有限的生詞、詞組、語法現(xiàn)象(如??嫉奶摂M語氣,省略,重要時(shí)態(tài)等)、句型(如建議類句型,附和句型與否定句型等)以及場(chǎng)景都盡可能詳盡地掌握。如果連看著原文都不能夠弄懂,那么要把原文聽懂就更加無法想象了。雖然,自然狀態(tài)下,人們學(xué)習(xí)語言是由聽力首先入手的,但是作為第二語習(xí)得,我們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語大多從閱讀開始的,所以如果連閱讀也不能夠達(dá)到四級(jí)聽力的要求,提高聽力水平只能夠是空中樓閣、空談而已。因此,正確的順序應(yīng)該是首先利用聽力材料練習(xí)聽力,在無法聽懂的情況下對(duì)照原文,如果還是不懂,那么就參考譯文。接下來,在書面認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上,再循環(huán)地進(jìn)行聽力練習(xí)?;A(chǔ)不牢、地動(dòng)山搖,沒有扎實(shí)的英語功底是絕對(duì)不會(huì)有聽力這個(gè)上層建筑的??罩稚蠎?zhàn)場(chǎng),只會(huì)在痛苦中被消滅的!

      具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生還要克服語音障礙,在實(shí)踐中加強(qiáng)對(duì)單詞的語音敏感度的練習(xí)。大多數(shù)考生記憶單詞過程實(shí)際上是手眼并用的過程,往往容易忽略對(duì)于耳朵的刺激。所以,很多考生反映當(dāng)看到時(shí)覺得異常簡(jiǎn)單非常親切,可是聽到時(shí)就完全不同了。是的,僅憑視覺和觸覺記憶,而沒有足夠的語音信息的輸入,加上對(duì)不同的語音系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備不足,會(huì)輕而易舉地導(dǎo)致熟悉的單詞一旦從磁帶中放出來就完全是判若兩詞的感覺?,F(xiàn)在,如果考生再去購買配備磁帶的詞匯書,跟讀、做聽寫固然有效,可是效果非常有限,原因就在于你已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間再單獨(dú)地進(jìn)行語音輸入練習(xí)了。目前,唯一可行的方法就是反復(fù)聽真題。這樣一來,既能夠在有限的時(shí)間里克服語音輸入的障礙,又能夠熟悉四級(jí)考題,可謂一舉兩得。當(dāng)然,在聽

      音的過程中還必須注意英美音的發(fā)音現(xiàn)象。剛才說過,四級(jí)是一個(gè)混合的語音系統(tǒng),這就要求所有考生對(duì)于不同發(fā)音有很快的反應(yīng),迅速在兩種語音之間自由切換。接下來,我們還需要注意兩種比較??嫉恼Z音現(xiàn)象:連讀和失爆。當(dāng)然,特殊的語音現(xiàn)象絕對(duì)不止兩種,可是就像馬泰效應(yīng)所提出的“貧者愈貧、富者愈富”的理論一樣,考過的語音現(xiàn)象總是一而再、再而三地成為考點(diǎn)。僅以連讀為例,full up /ful`(p/,office hours /%fi`sau*s/這樣的連讀已經(jīng)在四級(jí)考卷中屢見不鮮,成為必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

      具體的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生也需要擴(kuò)大自己的閱讀面。綜上所述,今年來的語段和聽寫題頻繁涉及一些自然科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及社會(huì)科學(xué)中的話題。無論是環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然生物知識(shí)、英美國家人文知識(shí)、大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)介紹、特色服務(wù)、還是社會(huì)問題等內(nèi)容都能夠在四級(jí)聽力的試題中有所體現(xiàn)。這樣,就要求廣大考生對(duì)于社會(huì)生活的方方面面有一些基本的關(guān)注和了解,這種平時(shí)的積累有助于迅速熟悉甚至預(yù)測(cè)聽力語段的主題和走向,幫助考生輕松理解原文,根據(jù)自己日積月累的常識(shí),對(duì)于某些常識(shí)題進(jìn)行預(yù)先的判斷。這對(duì)于考生臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮、提高解題自信心相當(dāng)有幫助。

      魯迅先生說過,世界上本沒有路,走的人多了也就成了路。我們要善于在學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)和運(yùn)用規(guī)律,這樣才能夠在復(fù)習(xí)迎考的過程中事半功倍,百尺竿頭、更進(jìn)一步。路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮,愿以此文拋磚引玉。

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