第一篇：房地產(chǎn)翻譯

改革開放之后的中國，趕上了世界發(fā)展的浪潮。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，房地產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國也得到了飛速的發(fā)展。隨著國內(nèi)外買房賣房的人越來越多，所以對房地產(chǎn)翻譯的需求也相應(yīng)地日益廣泛起來。房地產(chǎn)翻譯屬于技術(shù)類、法律類翻譯領(lǐng)域，因此房產(chǎn)翻譯不僅僅是語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，更是要對這個(gè)行業(yè)有著深入的了解。因此選擇一家優(yōu)秀的翻譯公司特別重要。

我們北京佳音特翻譯公司是一家專業(yè)的翻譯公司，以專業(yè)優(yōu)質(zhì)的翻譯水平向廣大客戶提供房產(chǎn)樓書、施工說明、技術(shù)文件以及相關(guān)合同等的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)翻譯工作，房地產(chǎn)翻譯，尤其是樓書的翻譯，對譯員的語言表達(dá)能力有著非常高的要求。

北京佳音特翻譯公司是一家專業(yè)的翻譯公司，我們的房地產(chǎn)翻譯譯員從事房產(chǎn)行業(yè)一年以上，對于房地產(chǎn)建筑、房地產(chǎn)交易、裝飾設(shè)計(jì)等行業(yè)背景，我們的房地產(chǎn)翻譯團(tuán)隊(duì)不僅有著優(yōu)秀的翻譯水平，而且有著深厚的房產(chǎn)行業(yè)背景和豐富的房產(chǎn)翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能夠確保每個(gè)房產(chǎn)翻譯項(xiàng)目的質(zhì)量，公司致力于為每位客戶提供專業(yè)、快速的房地產(chǎn)翻譯服務(wù)。我們是您身邊最便捷的翻譯專家——北京佳音特。

第二篇：翻譯詞匯房地產(chǎn)常用詞匯

房地產(chǎn)詞匯(一)property 物業(yè)，資產(chǎn) interest 產(chǎn)權(quán)

subsidiary 附屬機(jī)構(gòu)，子公司 valuation 評估

open market value 公開市場價(jià)值

leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的財(cái)產(chǎn)）on a residual basis 剩余法 capital value 資本價(jià)值

cost of development 開發(fā)費(fèi)（指拆遷費(fèi)，七通一平費(fèi)等）professional fee 專業(yè)人員費(fèi)（指勘察設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)等）finance costs 融資成本（指利息等）sale proceeds 銷售收益

on the basis of capitalisation 資本還原法 floor area 建筑面積 title document 契約文書 plaza 購物中心

land use certificate 土地使用證

commercial/residential complex 商住綜合樓

land use fee 土地使用費(fèi)（獲得土地使用權(quán)后，每年支付國家的使用土地費(fèi)用）Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用權(quán)出讓合同 plot ratio 容積率 site coverage 建筑密度 land use term 土地使用期 project approval 項(xiàng)目許可 planning approval 規(guī)劃許可 commission 傭金 permit 許可證

business license 營業(yè)執(zhí)照 strata-title 分層所有權(quán) public utilities 公共設(shè)施 urban planning 城市規(guī)劃 state-owned land 國有土地 fiscal allotment 財(cái)政撥款 grant or transfer 出讓或轉(zhuǎn)讓

the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局 infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 financial budget 財(cái)政預(yù)算 public bidding 公開招標(biāo) auction 拍賣

negotiation /agreement協(xié)議 land efficiency 土地效益 location classification 地段等級 projecting parameter 規(guī)劃參數(shù) government assignment 政府劃撥 administrative institution 行政事業(yè)單位 key zones for development 重點(diǎn)開發(fā)區(qū) tract 大片土地

biding document 標(biāo)書 prerequisitioned land 預(yù)征土地 competent authorities 主管部門 construction project 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目

planning permit of construction engineering 建設(shè)工程規(guī)劃許可證 go through the formalities 辦手續(xù) comprehensive sub-areas 綜合分區(qū) reconstruction of old area 舊區(qū)改造 purchasing power 購買力 property trust 物業(yè)信托 equity 權(quán)益 cash flows 現(xiàn)金流量 appreciation 增值 disposition 處置 hedge 保值措施

income tax shelter 收入稅的庇護(hù) downturn（經(jīng)濟(jì)）衰退

wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加財(cái)產(chǎn)(同其他投資相比)forecast 預(yù)測

rules-of-thumb techniques 經(jīng)驗(yàn)法 mortgage lender 抵押放貸者 vacancy 空房

discounted cash flow models 折現(xiàn)值現(xiàn)金流量模型 expectation 期望值 letting 出租

equity reversion 權(quán)益回收 bad debts 壞帳

depreciation allowances 折舊費(fèi) supplies 日常用品 utilities 公共事業(yè)設(shè)備

allowances for repairs and maintenance 維修費(fèi) unpaid mortgage balance 抵押貸款欠額 stamp duty印花稅 recession 衰退

overproduction 生產(chǎn)過剩 glut 供過于求

high-technology 高科技 investment strategy投資策略 circulation 發(fā)行量

entrepreneur 倡導(dǎo)者，企業(yè)家 coliseum 大體育場，大劇院

chambers（商業(yè)資本家聯(lián)合組織的）會所 arena 室內(nèi)運(yùn)動場

socioeconomic status 社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位 amenities 便利設(shè)施

condominium 個(gè)人占有公寓房，一套公寓房的個(gè)人所有權(quán) income bracket 收入檔次 tenement 分租合住的經(jīng)濟(jì)公寓 area code（電話）地區(qū)代碼 community 社區(qū) assessment 估價(jià) downzone 降低區(qū)劃規(guī)模 housing residences住宅

房地產(chǎn)詞匯(二)協(xié)議/合約 Agreement 遺產(chǎn)繼承批準(zhǔn)書 Approval Letter of Succession 司理委任批準(zhǔn)書 Approval of Appointment of Manager 允許書 Assent 轉(zhuǎn)讓契約 Assignment 集體官契 Block Crown Lease 建筑牌照：建屋牌照 Building Licence 建筑按揭/建筑抵押 Building MortgageBuilding Legal Charge 停車場發(fā)展藍(lán)圖 Car Park Layout Plan 完工證：完成規(guī)定事項(xiàng)證明書 Certificate of Compliance 豁免遺產(chǎn)稅證明書 Certificate of Exemption of Estate Duty 更易名稱證明書 Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name 批地條件：新批約 Conditions of GrantNew Grant 同意書 Consent Letter 死亡證 Death Certificate 債券 Debenture 信托契 Declaration of Trust 契據(jù)；契約 Deed 交換契 Deed of Exchange 家庭協(xié)議書(遺產(chǎn)處理一般根據(jù)法例規(guī)定)Deed of Family Arrangement 送讓契 Deed of Gift 公契 Deed of Mutual Covenant 分產(chǎn)契 Deed of Partition 分割契據(jù) Deed of Poll 修正契 Deed of Rectification 解除責(zé)任/扣押契約 Deed of Release 放棄租位權(quán)契據(jù)(租約)：土地歸還契約(土地)Deed of Surrender 解除按揭 Discharge of Mortgage 樓花按揭 Equitable Mortgage 加按契 Further Charge 法定押記 Legal Charge 甲/乙種換地權(quán)益書 Letter AB 函件：證明書 Letters 遺產(chǎn)管理委任書 Letters of Administration 貸款協(xié)議 Loan Agreement 總綱發(fā)展藍(lán)圖 Master Layout Plan 修訂書 Modification Letter 按揭 Mortgage “”「不反對修訂」公函 No Objection Letter 收地通告 Notice of Resumption 入伙紙 Occupation Permit 授權(quán)書 Power of Attorney 遺囑認(rèn)證 Probate &臨時(shí)買賣合約 Provisional Sale & Purchase Agreement 贖契 Receipt on Discharge 解除協(xié)議 Recission of Agreement &買賣合約 Sale & Purchase Agreement 押記令蓋印副本 Sealed Copy of Charging Order 物業(yè)凍結(jié)令 Sealed Copy Order Imposing Charge on Land #NAME? Sub-Sale Agreement 增補(bǔ)協(xié)議 Supplementary Agreement 租約 Tenancy Agreement 暫準(zhǔn)書 Toleration Letter 買賣協(xié)議 Agreement for Sale and Purchase 一切款項(xiàng) All monies 遺產(chǎn)繼承批準(zhǔn)書 Approval Letter of Succession 司理委任批準(zhǔn)書 Approval of Appointment of Manager 允許書 Assent 轉(zhuǎn)讓契 Assignment 集體官契 Block Government Lease 建筑許可證 Building Licence 建筑按揭/建筑抵押 Building MortgageBuilding Legal Charge 停車場發(fā)展藍(lán)圖 Car Park Layout Plan 合格證明書 Certificate of Compliance 豁免遺產(chǎn)稅證明書 Certificate of Exemption of Estate Duty 更易名稱證明書 Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name 清償證明書 Certificate of Satisfaction 絕對押記令 Charging Order Absolute 換地條件 Conditions of Exchange 批地條件 Conditions of Grant 重批條件 Conditions of Re-grant 同意書 Consent Letter 死亡證明書 Death Certificate 債權(quán)證 Debenture 已故 Deceased 信托聲明書 Declaration of Trust 契據(jù)/契約 Deed 交換契據(jù) Deed of Exchange 送讓契 Deed of Gift 公契 Deed of Mutual Covenant 分產(chǎn)契 Deed of Partition 修正契 Deed of Rectification 解除責(zé)任契約/解除扣押契約 Deed of Release平邊契據(jù) Deed Poll 信托契據(jù) Deed of Trust 按揭解除 Discharge of Mortgage 衡平法上的按揭(俗稱樓花按揭)Equitable Mortgage 再進(jìn)行押記 Further Charge 政府租契 Government Lease 地稅 Government Rent 內(nèi)地段 Inland Lot 不可撤銷/不得撤回 Irrevocable 聯(lián)權(quán)共有人 Joint Tenants 出租/租契/租約/租賃 Lease 法定押記/法律押記 Legal Charge 甲/乙種換地權(quán)益書 Letter AB 不反對入住書 Letter of No Objection to Occupy 函件/證明書/信件 Letters 遺產(chǎn)管理證明書 Letters of Administration 特許/許可 Licence 待決案件 Lis Pendens 貸款協(xié)議 Loan Agreement 地段 Lot 總綱發(fā)展藍(lán)圖 Master Layout Plan 章程大綱/備忘錄 Memorandum 修訂書 Modification Letter 按揭 Mortgage 新批租約 New Grant "不反對修訂公函 No Objection Letter 提名/提名書 Nominations 收回土地通知書 Notice of Resumption 占用許可證(俗稱入伙紙)Occupation Permit 下令/命令/法庭命令 Order 授權(quán)書 Power of Attorney 地價(jià) Premium 遺囑認(rèn)證/遺囑認(rèn)證書 Probate 臨時(shí)買賣協(xié)議 Provisional Agreement for Sale and Purchase 差餉 Rates 再轉(zhuǎn)讓 Reassignment 責(zé)任解除書/發(fā)還書 Release 罷免受托人 Removal of Trustee 解除協(xié)議 Rescission of Agreement 押記令蓋印副本 Sealed Copy Charging Order 第二次法定押記 Second Legal Charge 法定聲明 Statutory Declaration--轉(zhuǎn)售、轉(zhuǎn)購協(xié)議 Sub-Sale and Sub-purchase Agreement 增補(bǔ)協(xié)議 Supplementary Agreement 交回/放棄/退回 Surrender 租賃協(xié)議 Tenancy Agreement 分權(quán)共有人 Tenants in Common 暫準(zhǔn)書 Toleration Letter 不分割份數(shù) Undivided Shares 歸屬契據(jù) Vesting Deed 免除書 Waiver letter

第三篇：房地產(chǎn)買賣合同翻譯

REAL ESTATE SALES CONTRACT

No.: ******* Seller: ****** Nationality: Chinese

ID Card No.:*******

Purchaser: ***** Nationality: Chinese

ID Card No.:********

After amicable negotiation, the purchaser and the seller shall by procuration complete the transaction of the complete property right of the apartment located at No.301, ******** Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou(hereafter short for the property).As the purchaser and the seller have agreed on all transaction conditions and the procurator have offered consulting and intermediary services of real estate, facilitating the transaction of the property, therefore, the three parties reach the following agreement:

? 1, The property’s construction area is 123.6116㎡(In case of any

inconsistency, the property ownership certificate shall prevail)and it is sold to the purchaser under its existing circumstances.The purchaser or his

authorized representative has had an overall check of the property and has expressed no objection.The existing circumstances mean that the apartment

is equipped with furniture and electric appliances;which the purchaser buys together with the apartment.The seller is obliged to help the purchaser sign new leases with tenants.2, The purchaser and the seller agreed on the price of the property of

RMB1,600,000.(More details for payment please see the attachment.)Any fees to pay relevant government departments for this transaction according to regulations shall be at the purchaser’s cost.Expenses on notarization of the purchaser and the seller’s documents and counsel fees for dispute resolutionshall be paid on their own.? 3, The seller hold in due course the property ownership certificate

(No.C4421214).The seller guarantees the complete ownership of the property, if he ever tries to conceal any important facts about this transaction of the property or he provides any false information, and if he has other dishonest acts, the seller shall compensate for all the loss of the purchaser or the procurator because of his behavior.? 4, As the procurator has offered consulting and intermediary services to the

purchaser and the seller, the purchaser shall pay the procurator RMB5,000 as the consulting and brokerage fee.The payment shall be completed by the time when this contract is signed.7, Whether the seller fails to hand over the property or the purchaser fails to complete the payment on due time shall be regarded as default.If the default

party demands the contract be continued, he shall pay per day a milli of the total property prices to the observant party until the contract is performed.If the contract is not performed over 10 days after the due date, the observant party has the right to terminate the contract and the default party shall pay RMB 20,000 to the observant party as liquidated damages.12, If the purchaser or the seller fails to purchase or sell the property according to the contract provisions and causes abolishment of the contract, the default party shall pay RMB 5,000 to the procurator as liquidated damages.20, Other provisions the three parties have agreed on: 1, The front money(RMB 20,000)shall be paid to the seller on Jul.14, 2009.2, The down

payment(RMB 1，080，000)shall be paid to the seller on the day when this contract is submitted.Seller:(signature/fingerprint)Purchaser:(signature/fingerprint)Procurator:(signature/fingerprint)

Issued on Jul.13, 2009.Attachment:

The three parties agree on the payment method to follow the second type:

2、Mortgage Payment

a, RMB 20,000 shall be paid as front money when this contract is signed.b, The down payment RMB1,080,000 shall be paid on or before the day when Guangzhou Real Estate Sales Contract is signed.c, The residual payment RMB 50,000(bank loan)shall be allocated to the

seller’s account by the bank after the transaction and the mortgage registration are completed.The difference between the actual bank loan and the applied loan shall be paid in cash to the seller by the purchaser on the day of transaction.Seller:(signature/fingerprint)Purchaser:(signature/fingerprint)Procurator:(signature/fingerprint)

? Issued on Jul.14, 2009.

第四篇：房地產(chǎn)部分翻譯專題

21世紀(jì)早期美國房地產(chǎn)泡沫

Fannie Mae CEO在2001年曾說：投資房地產(chǎn)是安全的，對大部分家庭來說是唯一一種的杠桿投資，同時(shí)也是擁有最好投資回報(bào)的投資項(xiàng)目之一。房地產(chǎn)會持續(xù)增值。房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格預(yù)計(jì)增長速度會超過1990年代。他的樂觀部分是源于美國人對擁有房產(chǎn)的重視程度。這種重視程度在Fannie Mae的座右銘中有體現(xiàn)“我們的業(yè)務(wù)是美國夢”

Raines 并不是唯一在推銷投資房地產(chǎn)的好處的人。即使房價(jià)在特定地區(qū)會有暫時(shí)的回落現(xiàn)象，而全美平均房價(jià)自1975年開始就穩(wěn)步上漲（如圖1）。這種趨勢在96年有加速，在05年末06年初達(dá)到每年12%的增幅。許多觀察者認(rèn)為價(jià)格上漲部分與自從2001年衰退后聯(lián)儲局保持低利率政策有關(guān)。在1908年到2001年期間，聯(lián)邦基金利率（Federal Funds rate）（同行隔夜拆借利率，類似LIBOR）在大體上跟隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的情況（如圖2）。2001年到2004年7月，即使有產(chǎn)量與價(jià)格增長的現(xiàn)象，聯(lián)儲局仍保持著低利率。也許是懼怕根本沒有發(fā)生的衰退，在2003年7月到2004年7月，聯(lián)邦基金利率保持在只有1%。在此之后，對通脹的憂慮似乎占了上風(fēng)，而利率也穩(wěn)定上升，在2006年9月聯(lián)邦基金利率達(dá)到了5.25%。

一場對房價(jià)的辯論在2004年開始了，部分經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，如 Dean Baker，中央經(jīng)濟(jì)與政策調(diào)查會主任，認(rèn)為房價(jià)如將要破滅的泡沫，經(jīng)濟(jì)將要在房屋財(cái)產(chǎn)承受2萬億到3萬億美元的損失。其他人認(rèn)為，即使房價(jià)已大大超過了租房價(jià)，然而在低利率政策下是合理的。

甚至在經(jīng)常能聽到提及房事泡沫的2005年10月，發(fā)展商Bob Toll否認(rèn)和抱怨說：“為什么房地產(chǎn)市場像其他行業(yè)一樣取得繁榮呢？為什么我們必須會產(chǎn)生泡沫后破滅呢？”與此同時(shí)，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出房價(jià)上漲集中在特定區(qū)域如舊金山和紐約，那里因?yàn)橛袇^(qū)域限制而較難擴(kuò)張房屋市場。哥倫比亞大學(xué)教授Chris Mayer認(rèn)為這些地方本身的吸引力結(jié)合了無力增加供給的因素，導(dǎo)致了在這些地區(qū)“基本永遠(yuǎn)”的高房價(jià)。提及到東京房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格仍大大高于曼哈頓的房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格，他聲稱：“沒有自然律闡述美國的房價(jià)會止步于此，沒有一條！”

在1990年代前的家庭金融

在美國，人們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰健皞鹘y(tǒng)的”30年期固定利率房貸按揭。這項(xiàng)金融工具要求借款人在30年間每月有穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)金流去支付貸款。支付額是事先規(guī)定好的，因此貸款利率是固定的。許多這些傳統(tǒng)的貸款允許借款人沒有任何處罰地“預(yù)付”他們的房貸。當(dāng)利率下降時(shí)候，借款人經(jīng)濟(jì)利用這種優(yōu)勢去再為他們的房產(chǎn)融資。

雖然美國存貸協(xié)會（S&Ls）只有不到12年的歷史，他們在大蕭條前已經(jīng)開始提供了有固定支付額的房貸按揭。當(dāng)時(shí)，其他貸方大部分提供短期的再融資按揭，因?yàn)樗麄冊谧詈髸小皻馇蚺蛎洝笔降闹Ц?。在大蕭條期間，許多家庭因?yàn)樵谠偃谫Y方面變得困難而部分違約了。其中一個(gè)政府的反應(yīng)措施是設(shè)立了HOLC，一個(gè)同時(shí)幫助借款人與貸款人的組織。若雙方同意，貸款人會得到HOLC的債務(wù)去交換對借款人的索償，即使這項(xiàng)交易要求銀行去承認(rèn)這是一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)損失。借款人同時(shí)通過承認(rèn)新的基于全新的家庭資產(chǎn)評估有固定支付額的“自我分期償還”按揭，從而從之前的債務(wù)中解放出來。

在二戰(zhàn)后，銀行和S&Ls 創(chuàng)造了很多30年期固定利率的房貸并且持有它們到期。這結(jié)果通常都不樂觀。當(dāng)80年代早期短期利率上升，按揭資產(chǎn)的收益率低于了他們對存款所支付的利息成本。這種不對稱被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致了在1986年仍存在有32234個(gè)的S&L中的一半都失敗了的原因之一。因?yàn)檎ＷC了S&L的存款者，所以它引起了相當(dāng)大的損失和不得不設(shè)立了專門的機(jī)構(gòu)去處置這些失敗了的S&L的資產(chǎn)。

這場S&L的危機(jī)加速了由兩個(gè)政府資助企業(yè)（GSE），F(xiàn)annie Mae與Freddie Mac所引導(dǎo)的房貸按揭證券化。Fannie Mae最初在1938年作為一個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)被創(chuàng)立。與Freddie Mac相似，一個(gè)在1970年被國會特許成立的孿生兄弟企業(yè)，F(xiàn)annie Mae 最終變成了一個(gè)私有的公眾交易公司。從捆綁起從抵押原有者買來的抵押貸款開始，這兩家GSE創(chuàng)造了與出售了這

種以這些抵押貸款所收來的資金來支付給此證券所有者的有抵押證券（MBS）。作為交易的費(fèi)用，GSE確保了這些債務(wù)的利率與委托人。這意味著，假設(shè)GSE保持著有償付能力（或若在他們有財(cái)政困難時(shí)候政府會來挽救）的話，MBS的持有人唯一的支付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是潛在的抵押貸款會被提前償還（理解為預(yù)付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。

國會限制了GSE能接受的貸款的大小。在2006年，舉個(gè)例子，給一棟住宅的最大的貸款額是417000美元。以限制他們的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，GSE使用與那些傳統(tǒng)發(fā)起人類似的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為了保證有效的抵押物，他們只收取高級的抵押貸款與通常有貸款價(jià)值比（LTV）不超過80%的要求。LTV是產(chǎn)生時(shí)抵押貸款與資產(chǎn)的市場價(jià)值的比率。在承諾支付債務(wù)之前，GSE也會觀察借款人的收入與就業(yè)情況、其他資產(chǎn)的狀態(tài)，止供與破產(chǎn)的歷史。與GSE的規(guī)定相一致，住房貸方在1990年之前只會借錢給被認(rèn)為有良好信用的借款者，這些借款者大體需要以上列舉因素的書面證據(jù)。直到這項(xiàng)措施被1977 law所處罰，大部分貸方同樣否認(rèn)生活在所謂“被歧視”群體中人們的抵押貸款，那里主要是市中心社區(qū)的黑人聚居地。

一條對有信用問題歷史借款者的道理仍保留著，就是去傳統(tǒng)的貸方申請被聯(lián)邦住宅管理局（FHA）投保的貸款。這些貸方需要去確認(rèn)貸款是否符合FHA的要求和這過程會比非FHA抵押貸款花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間。除了這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，大約有8%的FHA貸款在1993年過期了，而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)抵押貸款的拖欠率只有3%。FHA貸款被一家叫Ginnie Mae的政府控有專門處理聯(lián)邦保證抵押的公司打包進(jìn)了MBS里面。

止供率的崛起

當(dāng)借款者止供，貸款者可以開始執(zhí)行止贖的程序。除非借款者還清欠款并重新供款，或者和貸款者達(dá)成協(xié)議，否則贖回權(quán)就會被拍賣。借款者就會被驅(qū)逐出房。借款者被驅(qū)逐出房的相關(guān)記錄不多。抵押貸款銀行協(xié)會（MBA）做了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)貸款的調(diào)查，報(bào)告了止供或者正在止贖的比率。但次級貸款在這份報(bào)告里是不完全的。

根據(jù)報(bào)告，總止贖率從2002年第二季度的1.23%跌到2005年第一季度的1.08%。同期總止供率從4.77%跌到4.31%。常理來說，次貸增加會推高這兩項(xiàng)數(shù)字。一種解釋是房屋增值使借款者可以再融資。另一種解釋是，房屋增值，借款者賣房清供。

止贖率和止供率在2006年至2007年有所提升。止供率：2006年第四季度4.95%，2007年第三季度5.59%，2007年第四季度5.62%。Realtytrac，專門幫助買家尋找止贖房屋的公司發(fā)表報(bào)告，認(rèn)為止贖率正大幅提高。MBA宣布，2007年第三季度，一般貸款止贖率是0.79%，次級貸款止贖率是6.89%。一家聯(lián)邦儲備銀行認(rèn)為有20%次級抵押集資而來的貸款會被止贖。房價(jià)下跌導(dǎo)致次級貸款止供率上升。

止贖的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本和人力成本是巨大的。由于拖欠還款，借款者的欠款在止贖過程中要承受高額的滯納金和其他款項(xiàng)，而在此之前借款者一般對此毫不知情。更悲慘的是，失去房屋對借款者來說是毀滅性的打擊?！拔腋械绞。矣X得我之前為此所做的一切都白費(fèi)了。”

在止贖過程中，維護(hù)房屋一般都會被忽視，由此造成了房屋市價(jià)降低。有部分情況，憤怒的借款者對房屋發(fā)泄，在被驅(qū)逐之前對房屋造成損傷。由于在拍賣時(shí)買家出價(jià)不會太高，銀行一般都會自己留著房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)。根據(jù)Realtytrac，銀行在2007年10月11月如是處理了50000份產(chǎn)權(quán)。這些產(chǎn)權(quán)被棄置無用，追究毀壞責(zé)任。

破壞對城市造成嚴(yán)重的打擊，諸如克里蘭夫和底特律。這些城市有時(shí)會出現(xiàn)衰退，止贖潮把一些中產(chǎn)階級逼入絕境，因?yàn)楸恢冠H的房屋有時(shí)只用$1000就能買到。小團(tuán)體和移民團(tuán)體受到的影響更大，因?yàn)榕c其他相比他們承受了更多的次級貸款。從全國范圍來看，止贖率在有建筑潮的城市里也很高，諸如弗羅里達(dá)，加利福利亞，而斯托克頓是全美最高止贖率的城市。止贖不只影響房屋持有者，還影響了租戶，他們也經(jīng)常被驅(qū)逐出房屋。

止贖對雙方都造成巨大損傷，有人會認(rèn)為貸款者和借款者會尋找另一種解決方法。一種可能

性是在止贖之前和平賣掉房屋，貸款者忍受賣房屋所得的錢與貸款應(yīng)收的錢之間的差額。另一種是借款者留在房屋里還更少的款。貸款者聲稱他們有嘗試和借款者商討，但只要一提到止贖，商討就不了了之。借款者則說他們經(jīng)常不被貸款者理睬。實(shí)際上，不少借款人被聲稱要有效針對抵押物重新談判的詭計(jì)屈服了。

一些觀察者指責(zé)抵押證券化，認(rèn)為抵押證券化使貸款者和借款者之間缺少商討。實(shí)際上，服務(wù)協(xié)議給借款者留下的余地很少。同樣有人認(rèn)為貸款者和借款者之間的任何交易都對抵押債券的不同部分有不同的影響，由此引發(fā)訴訟。

房地產(chǎn)組方面：

除了要對房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格，成交量有些研究，包括形成動因，貢獻(xiàn)什么的，都需要有些研究或者數(shù)據(jù)支持，這些研究和數(shù)據(jù)主要來自一些研究房地產(chǎn)市場的paper，自己google一下。還要介紹一下這種形成機(jī)制，形成機(jī)制應(yīng)該很多文獻(xiàn)里都會有

第五篇：上海市房地產(chǎn)買賣合同翻譯

Shanghai Residential Real Estate Sales and Purchase Contract

(Number of the contract: 11111111)

Set person of the real estate sales and purchase contract:

The Seller(Part A): The Buyer(Part B):

In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in the People’s Republic of China and the relevant regulations in Shanghai, Both Part A and Part B agree to sign the contract showing clearly that Part B will buy the house from Part A on equality, willingness and agreement from both sides basis, which will be serves as an evidence for both sides to abide by.Item 1Part A agrees to sell the house and land tenure in the range the right of use of the house(that will be shorted as: real estate).The detail status is shown as follow:

(I)The certificate number of the house which Part A get legally:

(II)The real estate located in Room 401, No.57, XXX XXX Village, Songjiang District(Position:)house type;house

(III)The house gross size centiare.Land tenure in the range the right of use of the house【area of sharing】centiare.(IV)House ichnography and rang of the house see(Appendix one)

(V)Land tenure in the range the right of use of the house is;the right of use of the state land is obtain by.Shanghai Residential Real Estate Sales and Purchase ContractPageof 7

Item 2Both sides have reached agreement on the price of the house to be sold at（capitalization）：The payment method and payment terms of Party B shall be clearly stated by both parties in the payment agreement(Appendix 3).After Party B pays for the house, Party A shall draw out a receipt conforming to the taxation regulations.Item 3 When Part A transfer the real estate, the tenure of land will be deal with the item NO: shown as below.(I)Part A obtain the use period of the right of use of the state land fromYearMonthDay toYearMonthDay, there into, Part B in accordance to this contract gain the real estate, obtain the use period of the right of use of the state-owned land fromYearMonthDay toYearMonthDay, as Legally use the date of expiry of the right of use of the state-owned land.Item 4Both sides have reached agreement that Part A should vacate before the day Day this house and inform Part B to check and accept.Part B should check the decoration、equipment in the house from the day Part B receive the information in days.After checking, which indicates the transference of the house.Item 5Party A promises that if there is any damage or demolition to the house decorations or auxiliary facilities during the period from the agreement-signing date to the house acceptance date, it shall pay Party B the penalty of RMB Yuan, which is equivalent to the value of the damaged or demolished facilities.Item 6th

Item 7The right of the land within the scope of the house and the principal and interest of the maintenance foundation for the public place should be considered as being transferred to Part B at the same time when the house is transferred to Part B.Item 8After this contract becomes effective, both Part A and Part B should observe the national and this city related stipulation to pay the tax and fee.Before the real estate is , the fee for realty management、water、electricity、gas、correspondence and so on had not been paid, they should be defrayed as Appendix four.Item 9If Part B doesn’t pay the payment in the time promised in this contract, Part A and Part B agree to deal that in the next items(I)Exceeds the time limit per one day, Part B should pay the penalty in of the payment which has not been paid to Part A.Item 10If Part A doesn’t delivery the real estate to the Part B in the time promised in this contract, Part A and Part B agree to deal that in the next items.(I)Exceeds the time limit per one day, Part A should pay the penalty in% of the payment which has been paid.Item 11Under the principal that both sides have gained agreement on the added item or items which will definitely not violate any item mentioned above, more items can be added to the contract in the supplementary part, which will be considered as part of the contract and enjoy the same legal force.Item 12This contract will go into effect from the day

Item 13If any dispute happens during the whole process, both sides should negotiate first with each other.If they fail to get agreement acceptable by both sides, they can choose the ways listed as following items to settle the trouble:

(I)Submit to Shanghai Arbitration Committee for Arbitration.(II)Appeal to the Local People’s Court.Item 14There are copies of this contract and additional act altogether.is kept by Part A, one by Part B.One part is kept by finance office.Appendix Three

Payment agreement

----------(Glues the line)(capping place for perforated rider bill)

After this contract is signed, Part B should pay 2% of the total payment of the house price in RMB 10000 Yuan, as earnest money.Part B pay the payment of the house price in RMB currency 200000 Yuan before 30 DEC 2006.(capitalization):TWO HUNDRED THOUSADN YUAN.Part B pay the payment of the house price in RMB currency 200000 Yuan before 04 APR 2007.(capitalization):TWO HUNDRED THOUSADN YUAN.Part B pay the payment of the house price in RMB currency 90000 Yuan before 02 FEB 2007.(capitalization):TWO HUNDRED THOUSADN YUAN.Part A(I): Part B(I): ID Card No.***011 ID Card No.***011 Address: Address:

Agent:Agent: Telephone number:Telephone number:Myself(seal)Myself(seal)

YearMonthDay sign in

Part B(II):ID Card No.***111Address:Agent:Telephone number:Myself(seal)

Part B(I):ID Card No.***1111Address:

Agent:

Telephone number:Myself(seal)