第一篇：初中英語被動語態(tài)用法小結(jié)

初中英語被動語態(tài)用法小結(jié)

一、語態(tài)概述

英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。

被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英語English是動詞speak的承受者。

二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is/are＋spoken

一般過去時：was／were＋spoken

一般將來時：will／shall be＋spoken

現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／are being＋spoken

過去進行時：was/were being＋spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時：have／has been＋spoken

過去完成時：had been + spoken

三、被動語態(tài)的用法

（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。

四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

（2）把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式）。

（3）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情況

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.被動語態(tài)同步達標練習】

Ⅰ.單項選擇(選自各地中考題)

()1.The medicine______in a dry and cool place.(2000年重慶市中考題)

A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keep

()3.Today ,the forests have almost gone.People must______down too many trees.(2001年安徽省中考題)

A.stop to out B.stop from cutting

C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting

()5.The key ______ for locking the classroom door.(2001年廣西省中考題)

A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use

()6.A new school______over there in two years.(2001年四川省中考題)

A.may build B.may be built C.is built

()8.Computers are very useful.For example ,they can______sending e-mail.(電子郵件)(2001年蘇州市中考題)

A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of

()9.—What a nice garden!

—It______every day.(2000年武漢市中考題)

A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.must clean D.is cleaned

()10.This work ______next week.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.may finish B.finish C.finishes D.may be finished

()11.My house______in 1995.We have lived there for nearly five years.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.was built B.has built C.is built D.were built

()12.The lost boy______early this morning.(2000年四川省中考題)

A.found B.was founded C.was found D.founded

()13.That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now.(2000年河北省中考題)

A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds

()14.The big tree______by my mother ten years ago.(2000年甘肅省中考題)

A.was planted B.planted C.has planted D.was planting【綜合能力訓練】 Ⅱ.用括號中動詞被動結(jié)構(gòu)的適當形式填空。.English______widely______(use)in the world..These pictures must(keep)well..She______(fall)ill last night ,and she______(take)to the hospital at once.4.Now rice and wheat______(grow)in my hometown ,too.Look!The

crops__________(grow)fast in the fields..The Great Wall(know)all over the world..______the street lights usually ______(turn)on at seven in summer evening ? 7.______this kind of car______(produce)in Wuhan ?.______the doctor______(send)for last night ?.We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent)..Three children______(take)good care of by the nurse..Some new houses______(build)by the villagers themselves..What language ______(speak)in Japan ?.The black bike______(buy)in that shop three days ago..The doctor said Jim must ______(operate)on at once..The big tree______(blow)down in the storm last night.【創(chuàng)新備考訓練】

Ⅲ.將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)。.You needn’t do it now..You must finish your homework now..We can do the work today..They founded that hospital in 1996..Yesterday we played football after school..People all over the world know the Great Wall.11.He often helps his brother.

第二篇：初中英語介詞用法小結(jié)

初中英語介詞用法小結(jié)

介詞主要是用來表示它后面的名詞或代詞與句中其他某個成分之間的關系。不能獨立充當句子成分，必須與后面的賓語構(gòu)成介詞短語后才能做句子成分。

一.介詞（短語）語法功能

1.作狀語

介詞（短語）在句子作狀語修飾動詞。表示“時間”，‘‘地點”,‘‘條件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。

例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day.(表時間)

②There are some books on the desk.(表地點)

③People can’t live without air or water.(表條件)

2.作定語介詞短語作定語表示某個關系，一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy.(后置定語)

3.作表語

介詞短語作表語時，多放在be 動詞之后。

例如：① She is in the next room.② He is from English.二.常用介詞的用法

1.表示時間的介詞

①in,on,at.in 表示世紀，年，周，季節(jié)，在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等。

例如：in the morningin Mayin 2012in his fortiesin an hour

on 表示確定的時間，某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期幾，或一般節(jié)日等。

例如：on Sundayon a rainy eveningon May 4on the night of May 4on Teachers’

Dayon Children’s Day

at 用于表示時間“點”.夜里.中午及某些詞組中

例如.at 4 o’clockat noonat that timeat the end ofat the age of②by ,until∕till

表示期限時通常用介詞by ,until ∕till

by表示“不遲于”，“在 ……之前”

例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.Until ∕till到……為止

在肯定句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。

例如： Iwaited for my mum until she came home.在否定句中，not … until譯成“直到……才”謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞。

例如：I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.③in ,for ,during ,through

1)in 表示“在。。。時間內(nèi)”“在。。。時間后”

例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?

I hear he’ll be back in a week.2)for 后接一段時間，可與多種時態(tài)連用，如與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。

例如：She has worked there for 8 years.3)during表示“在。。。期間”，強調(diào)“自始自終”.例如：

4)through =from beginning to end“自始自終”“從頭到尾 ”

例如：Dr.Bethune went on working through the night.注：對“in+時間段”提問用how soon

對“for+ 時間段”提問用 how long

On the+身體硬部位

in the +身體軟部位

④表示時間的起點用since 或from

例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.⑤in 和after

1)in “在。。。以后”從現(xiàn)在算起，后接時間段，常用于將來時。

例如：We’ll be back in a week.He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。以后”，從過去算起，后接時間段，常用于過去時。

例如：They got there after 8 hours.后接時間點，常用于將來時。

例如：The plane is leaving after nine.2.表示地點.位置的介詞

①inontoat

in 在某一范圍之內(nèi)。

例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.on 表示兩個不同的個體相鄰或接壤。

例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.to表示兩個個體間有一段距離或隔海相望。

例如：Japan is to the east of China.At表示在街道或城鎮(zhèn)。

例如： He lives at 158 JianguoStreet.②inat

in后跟較大地方

例如：He lived in China three years ago.at 后接較小地方

例如：We waited at the gate of the school.③aboveoveron

Above表示位置高于某物不接觸，在其上方任意一點，但不是正上方。其反義詞是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east.Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反義詞是under

例如：There is a bridge over the river.On 在。。。上面，相互接觸。

例如：There is a pen on the desk.特殊用法：on在樹上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.in在樹上< 外來物> There are some birds in the tree.3表示方向的介詞：bywithin

by后跟動名詞或抽象化的可數(shù)名詞（其前不用冠詞）意為“用??手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.with表示用工具，借助于某一具體的手段，工具，材料或人體器官。

例如：People here build houses with stones.With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English.We see with our eyes.in 用材料.語言.聲音等媒介，以??方式.What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice.He wrote the words in red ink.4.to 的兩種用法的區(qū)別

① to+v.(不定式)

例如：to do sth

② to+v-ing(介詞)

例如：look fordward to doing sth

get /be used to doing sth

pay attention todoing sth

make a contribution to doing sth

prefer doing sthto doing sth

6.時間狀語前不用介詞的情況。

當morning等詞前有this ,that ,next ,last 等詞修飾時，介詞須省去。下列介詞須省去：

修飾語中心詞

① this /thatmorning/week /year/January/spring② next /lastSunday /week /term/year/spring/May③ tomorrow/yesterday/lastmorning/afternoon/evening

④ the dayafter tomorrow /before yesterday

⑤ after/before/nextthe week /month

第三篇：初中英語時態(tài)用法小結(jié)

英語時態(tài)用法小結(jié) 根據(jù)試題統(tǒng)計，動詞語法占語法考題中的50%左右，其內(nèi)容主要包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、要掌握英語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動詞(do, be, have)和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。現(xiàn)將各考點分別歸納如下。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時

主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)常或習慣性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。

He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時，常用的引導詞有：時間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year

條件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考點三：在make sure(certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋賓語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。

So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the

experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。

考點四：在the more… the more …(越…越…)句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。

The harder you study, the better results you will get.2.現(xiàn)在進行時

表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的活動；與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用，表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。

We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考點一：在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。Look out when you are crossing the street.Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考點二： 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作(這時多有表示將來的時間狀語)。

Marry is leaving on Friday.3.現(xiàn)在完成時

表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語。

考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點

They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now;till now;so far, these days

Has it stopped raining yet?

考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀/年/月以來……”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等

In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.考點四：表示“的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用。There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考點一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;no sooner...than句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意倒裝)考點二：表示“

“be about to + 動詞原形”表示按照預定計劃或打算準備著手進行的動作?！癰e to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。

They are to be married in May.8.將來進行時

表示將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。

I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9.將來完成時

表示在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。

考點一：常用的時間狀語一般用by + 將來時間，如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導的從句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10.動詞的語態(tài)

一般用于強調(diào)受者，做題時謂語動詞后通常不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，需要注意以下考點?？键c一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組

come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write

Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly.這車走起

來很穩(wěn)。

The case locks easily.這箱子很好鎖。The book sells well.這本書很暢銷。

考點三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型

It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…，It is expected…, It is estimated…,這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說…”，“人們認為…”，而“以前人們認為…”則應該說：It was believed…, It was thought…

第四篇：初中英語被動語態(tài)和定語從句的用法詳解

初中英語被動語態(tài)的用法詳解

一、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)

主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。構(gòu)成：承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者

一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞.一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞 一般將來時：shall /will be +過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時：have /has been +過去分詞 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞.過去將來時：should /would be +過去分詞.含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞.二、被動語態(tài)的用法

1)當我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，需用被動語態(tài)。

2)當我們需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時,常用被動語態(tài)。

3)如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導出動作的執(zhí)行者。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

三、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況 1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語

將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

(主動)We bought a book yesterday.(被動)The book was bought yesterday.2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

將主動語態(tài)中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。

(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主語+謂語動詞+復合賓語

含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構(gòu)成的復合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，賓語補足語保留不變，成為主語補足語。

(主動)I found him a good pupil.(賓語補足語)(被動)He was found a good pupil.(主語補足語)

4)短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

有些短語動詞相當于一個及物動詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動語態(tài)，但短語動詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。

(主動)We should look after the patients very well.(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

若主動語態(tài)中是賓語從句，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。It’s said that he passed the exam.6)被動語態(tài)應注意的幾個特殊問題：

(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，仍然要帶上介詞。

(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當動詞帶有復合賓語時，并且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時，在被動語態(tài)中應加上“to”。使役動詞make have let，感官動詞see watch notice hear feel等。

(主動)They make do all the work.(被動)We were made to do all the work.(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.(主動)I see him walk to school.(被動)He is seen to walk to school.初中英語定語從句的用法詳解

一、定語從句的概念

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。

例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。

例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

第五篇：初中英語動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

初中英語動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，又叫非謂語動詞，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能做謂語；它由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，這里的to是動詞不定式符號，本身沒有詞義，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，還可以帶疑問詞和由for引出其邏輯主語等形成動詞不定式短語；不定式或不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等句子成分。為使同學們更好地掌握其用法，現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下：

一、動詞不定式作主語

動詞不定式作主語時，為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。如要說明動作的執(zhí)行者，可在不定式前加for引導的短語；但如果表語是nice, kind, clever等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞時，則應在不定式前加of引導的短語。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth./It takes sb.some time to do sth.二、動詞不定式作賓語

一些動詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時，如果后接賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后。應注意有些動詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但所表達的意義不同。常見的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth..停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth.做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.記?。浫プ瞿呈?；remember/forget doing sth.記得／忘記做過某事

三、動詞不定式作定語

動詞不定式作后置定語時，與被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動賓關系。如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞時，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作后置定語常用于“have/has ＋某事＋to do”或“enough＋名詞＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

四、動詞不定式作賓語補足語

有些動詞，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。應注意動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to，在被動語態(tài)中應加上to。這些動詞可歸納為“一感(feel)，二聽(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)(即在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時，to可有可無)”。另有口訣幫助記憶：“感使動詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來?！?let不用于被動語態(tài))

五、動詞不定式作狀語

動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too + adj./adv.+ to dosth.等。

六、固定句式中動詞不定式的用法

在固定句式中對不定式的考察常見的有：had better(not)do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please(not)do sth.?等。動詞不定式專項訓練題：

一、單項選擇。

1._______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A.This

B.That C.It

D.Its 2.We decided _______ at the end of this month.A.travel B.not start out C.to leave D.going 3.They have no paper_______.A.to write B.to write with C.write on D.to write on 4.Let him _______ a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.A.has

B.have C.to have D.having 5._______the computer is a problem.A.How to use B.What to use C.Where to use D.Which to use 6.The teacher told us _______in bed.A.don’t read B.read not C.to not read D.not to read 7.The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.A.so, that B.as, as C.too, to D.very, to 8.Why _______home tomorrow? A.not go B.not going C.not to go D.didn’t go 9.The TV set is too loud.Will you please _______? A.turn down it B.turn it down C.to turn it down D.to turn down it 10.It’s cold outside.You had better _______ your coat.A.to put on B.putting on C.puts on D.put on

二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

1.It took half an hour _______(get)to the World Park from Kitty’s school.2.It was interesting _______(see)so many places of interest from all over the world.3.They want _______(save)time by using shorter words and phrases.4.Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make)a home page.5.Things _______(do)in Beijing 6.He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look)at.7.Help him _______(put)the photos in the correct order.8.He made the girl _______(cry)yesterday.9.It’s time for class.Please stop _______(talk).10.I’d like _______(go)to the Temple of Heaven.參考答案：

一、1—5 CCDBA

6—10 DCABD

二、1.to get 2.to see 3.to save 4.to make 5.to do 6.to look 7.(to)put 8.cry 9.talking 10.to go