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      英語比較性的作文

      時間:2019-05-15 13:09:51下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《英語比較性的作文》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《英語比較性的作文》。

      第一篇:英語比較性的作文

      City Life and Suburban Life

      1.最近幾年越來越多的人遷往近郊居住

      2.城市生活和近郊生活各有特點

      3.比較起來,我喜歡的是…

      (1)In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities.(2)Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.(3)It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason people can’t bear to part with city life.(4)But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high.(5)Just think of the places where we live, full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and lorries day and night, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.(6)Besides, as the housing problem in the central city gets more serious, people have to pay high rents for very tiny flats which I would certainly disdain to live in.(7)In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings—the essentials of a healthy life.(8)Nothing can be compared, as the pace of modern life is getting quicker, with the first cock crow, the twittering of birds at dawn, and sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and green fields.(9)Although living in the suburbs you may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, the situation will change soon as many highways and subways are being constructed.(10)The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities;and with the development of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.Newspaper as a Better Source of News

      1.現(xiàn)在許多人都從電視上得知天下事

      2.但我認(rèn)為報紙是獲取消息的更好來源

      3.其理由是…

      (1)For most of us today, television has become our main source of daily news.(2)This is unfortunate, however, because for several reasons newspapers should be regarded as a better source.(3)It is true that television news can vividly bring into our living rooms dramatic events of singular importance, such as space launchings, natural disasters, wars and so on, but it can not cover important stories in the depth they may deserve because of its time limitation.(4)On the contrary, print news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it sees fit, though it can not compete with television visually.(5)Besides, television is essentially a passive medium.(6)Whether we like a particular piece of

      news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “l(fā)et it happen”.(7)But a newspaper reader can select what he is interested in, skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant and read it any time he likes to.(8)Most importantly, if all of us get news and information exclusively from television, there will be a decline in general literacy.(9)By contrast, although to follow and absorb a newspaper article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement, it helps to develop one’s intellectual skills.(10)When we consider television versus newspaper papers on the basis of nature, format and coverage, shouldn’t we think the latter is a better source of our daily news.How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?

      1.為解決交通難,有人建議多造馬路

      2.有人則建議限制自行車和小汽車

      3.我的看法

      (1)Nowadays, heavy traffic has become the source of greatest complaint in many big cities.(2)As it has seriously influenced people’s daily life and economic development, the highest priority of governments has been given to the problem and many experts have been called in for advice.(3)A great number of solutions are being offered.(4)Some people suggest that more streets and roads should be constructed.(5)The advantage is obvious: it can reduce traffic density and hence speed up the flow of buses and cars.(6)But traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them.(7)And in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic.(8)So others argue that the number of bicycles and cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers.(9)But the decrease in the number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems, such as inconvenience to people.(10)Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem of heavy traffic, there is an increased awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible solutions to produce the best effect.College Lectures and Discussion

      1.大學(xué)里教學(xué)有講授和討論兩種

      2.這兩種方式有什么長處和不足

      3.我的看法

      What is the difference between the lecture system and the discussion system---the two teaching methods prevalent on campus both at home and abroad? As a senior, it is not very difficult for me to tell: they have both strengths and weaknesses.Many students like the lecture system because it helps to learn quickly and much more.Attending a well-prepared lecture is a most rewarding experience: it can open a new horizon for you and save your much time as well—time you might otherwise spend reading one book after another.Yet the fault of the lecture system is that it cultivates a bad habit of passive learning.Students bring their notebooks and even tape recorders to class to write everything down without thinking for themselves, let alone raise any question.On the contrary the discussion system encourages students to form their own ideas and opinions.To engage in frequent and even heated debate, you have to do a lot of homework beforehand, find answers yourselves and thus you develop the analytical skills which benefit both your academic career and your future life.However, it also has its weakness: students do not learn systematically.In my opinion, both the systems must be improved and a hybrid method may gain more popularity among us students.

      第二篇:比較性辯題

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      一,常識:

      1,標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

      1,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的缺失性比較

      沒有XXXX,XXXX就更重要。

      Eg:革新思想還是革新技術(shù)更重要

      沒有技術(shù)、光有思想是不行的,可這能論證?革新技術(shù)更重要?嗎?”辯手把“更”字念得很重,接下來忽然語速加快、順勢一轉(zhuǎn),“那我一樣也可以說,在你的例子中——沒有思想、光有技術(shù)也是萬萬不行的,——按您的邏輯,是不是革新思想也就更重要了?”

      這是重要,還是必要?必要不等于重要

      2,辯題關(guān)鍵字

      關(guān)鍵不是思想和技術(shù)誰更重要,而是革新哪個更重要?重點是革新~~ 決定一個木桶水容量的,不是最長的那塊板,而是最短的那塊板?!?/p>

      “所以要增加水的容量,最關(guān)鍵是修補(bǔ)最短的那塊板?!?/p>

      “所以辯題討論的不是技術(shù)和思想誰更重要!

      ——而是技術(shù)和思想的“革新”誰更重要。,3,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說一句話不能放之四海而皆準(zhǔn) 4,問題要刁鉆,既不好回答,也不好回避。

      問題要簡潔,張口即來,易于重復(fù)追問。

      二,分析比較型辯題,常見的思路有四種——

      第一種,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法。

      提出一個強(qiáng)大的、令人信服的比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下,誰更重要一目了然、顯而易見。

      第二種,關(guān)系法。

      分析兩者的相互關(guān)系,論證其中一方起主導(dǎo)作用。

      記得提到這一點的時候,你一般會聽辯手說,根據(jù)馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理,比較誰更重要,要看誰是主要矛盾,起主導(dǎo)作用,決定了事物的發(fā)展方向。我敢打包票,這句話已經(jīng)在上萬場辯論賽中出現(xiàn)過了。

      從這個思路走的話,你會聽到很多諸如此類的詞——決定,主導(dǎo),核心,根源,根本,本質(zhì),目的……”

      例子:

      正方:思想革新源于技術(shù)革新,需要技術(shù)革新的檢驗和支持。

      反方:技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍,需要正確思想的引導(dǎo)。

      在這個戰(zhàn)場雙方的戰(zhàn)略意圖已經(jīng)一覽無余,都是想從雙方的關(guān)系入手、一口吃掉對方,都是想證明自己才是起決定作用

      ——決定了對方的“流程、流量、流向和流速”。

      雙方是在互相包辯題

      關(guān)系法的一個變體是“取舍法”,即故意把比較的雙方居于絕對矛盾的狀態(tài),你必須作出取一舍一的抉擇,而此時此刻的最終取舍就反映了你心中的價值排序。

      比如“堅持理想和堅持現(xiàn)實誰更重要”的時候,主打的就是“當(dāng)理想與現(xiàn)實沖突時,你選擇哪一個”。

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      或者添加合理前提:如1,體育明星偶像化是否有利于體育發(fā)展-------放在我國的環(huán)境下來探討,2,應(yīng)不應(yīng)禁止吸煙-------正方添加條件:在公眾場合中應(yīng)禁止 反方添加條件------某些特殊行業(yè)不吸煙會出事故

      第三種,置換法。

      就是把要比較的兩個概念轉(zhuǎn)換成兩個新概念,而兩個新概念誰更重要是一目了然、顯而易見的。

      這就好像,如果要論證A比B更重要,把A轉(zhuǎn)換成C+,把B轉(zhuǎn)換成C-。

      或者把A轉(zhuǎn)換成C,把B轉(zhuǎn)換成D,而C又是明顯重于D的。

      舉一個例子。愚公移山更好,還是愚公搬家更好——

      如果把愚公移山轉(zhuǎn)換成面對困難,愚公搬家轉(zhuǎn)換成逃避困難,則愚公移山肯定優(yōu)于愚公搬家。

      如果把愚公移山轉(zhuǎn)換成直接但低效的辦法,愚公搬家轉(zhuǎn)換成變通卻高效的辦法,則愚公搬家肯定優(yōu)于愚公移山。

      第四種,打平法。

      就是在所有對方優(yōu)勢的戰(zhàn)場力求和對手打平,然后在我方開辟的主戰(zhàn)場一舉勝出。簡言之就是——

      你有的優(yōu)點我也有,你沒有的我更有!

      “為什么是打平,而不是打贏呢?”

      本來就是對方的優(yōu)勢戰(zhàn)場,能打成旗鼓相當(dāng)已經(jīng)很不錯了,你還想贏?就算能贏,論證難度有多大,要耗掉多少時間精力?等你好不容易贏了,還有時間展開自己的主戰(zhàn)場嗎?”

      而如果不展開自己的主戰(zhàn)場,我們的核心觀點又如何有效地傳遞給觀眾呢?

      例子:現(xiàn)代社會更需要比爾還是保爾: 也是用不斷的“打平”——

      比爾創(chuàng)造了巨大的財富,可保爾也創(chuàng)造了巨大的精神財富??!

      比爾有了革命性的創(chuàng)新,可保爾也寫出了第一部無產(chǎn)階級巨著《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》,這不是革命性的創(chuàng)舉嗎?

      通過各種打平堵住對方的進(jìn)攻之后,才是那句“從本質(zhì)上看……”

      理論應(yīng)用:比賽的木桶理論,正方常用的表述就是“比較誰更重要——根本無法論證今天的辯題,因為雙方都是重要的,就像左手和右手,男人和女人,所以我們要看的——”要么就是因為這樣那樣的原因“在這個層面我們根本比較不出來,我們只能去看——”

      無須多問,這里“所以要看的”或者“只能去看的”,肯定就是他們的優(yōu)勢戰(zhàn)場了。

      “這就像《孫子兵法》說的那樣,先為不可勝,以待敵之可勝?!拔覀兊牧⒄摬季忠⒂诓粩≈?,不失敵之?dāng)∫?!?/p>

      雙方不可能都利于不敗之地,一個辯題本來就要看邏輯、事實、價值等各個層面,拼的又不可能只是立論?!?/p>

      三.戰(zhàn)場劃分

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      對于辯論賽愛好者來說:很容易聯(lián)想到,我們辯論賽場就象一場法庭辯論一樣,正反雙方,誰能讓觀眾更加堅信和肯定己方提出的論證,誰就能獲得更多的勝算,從信息傳播角度來說,惜時如金的辯論賽場,只要能在單位時間內(nèi)更有效率的提出對我方有利的證據(jù)以及論點,單位時間內(nèi)找出更多的對方論證邏輯鏈中的問題,形式對我方就更有利。在辯論賽前,如果能夠正確的進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)場的劃分,就可以更有效的實現(xiàn)以上所述的目標(biāo)。

      什么是辯論賽的戰(zhàn)場呢?就是我們在辯論比賽(主要是自由辯論)時候所探討的話題。包括拋給對方的問題以及如何應(yīng)對對方的問題。

      跟軍事斗爭地利的爭奪相比,辯論賽的戰(zhàn)場優(yōu)勢的爭奪更有其緊張激烈的地方。我們需要判斷,哪個話題是對我們有利的,哪個話題需要我們更多的準(zhǔn)備時間,那些話題是我們必須提出的,那些話題是對方必然提出的,這些判斷就相當(dāng)于戰(zhàn)場上對地形以及必爭之地的認(rèn)定,我們稱之為辯論賽戰(zhàn)場劃分。

      對方如何利用對于我們不利的話題進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備,對于某個話題我們應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充的論證,如何防止對方在對其不利的話題上轉(zhuǎn)移到對我方不利的話題上,這個就相當(dāng)于戰(zhàn)爭當(dāng)中對地利的爭奪,其相關(guān)的戰(zhàn)術(shù),都是建立在對辯論賽戰(zhàn)場正確的劃分的基礎(chǔ)上的。

      所謂戰(zhàn)場劃分,可以從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行理解。

      第一,按照直觀上的有利不利進(jìn)行劃分

      這個很好理解,很多并沒有深入研究過辯論賽的人,在初次比賽的時候也會自覺或不自覺的應(yīng)用。比如,《煙草業(yè)發(fā)展利大于弊/弊大于利》這個辯題,對于全民健身運動這個話題(也就是這個戰(zhàn)場)來說,對于正方是不利的,在比賽的時候,正方就盡量不在這個話題上和對手交鋒,而反方則盡量和對方在這個話題上進(jìn)行探討。

      當(dāng)然對于自己不利,并不是絕對不談這個話題,當(dāng)對方談到這個話題的時候,必須作好反擊,逃避話題是很可能大丟印象分的,場下的準(zhǔn)備和臨場的反應(yīng)就很重要,當(dāng)然了,準(zhǔn)備的很充分了,對自己的臨場反應(yīng)也很自信了,也千萬不要在比賽時候主動把這個問題拋出來,在比賽時候主動談對自己不利的話題絕對是不講究語言效率的盲動。當(dāng)然了,在準(zhǔn)備充分的情況下,雖然不可以主動拋出這個話題,但是可以隱蔽的引誘對方,讓對方進(jìn)入這個表面上或?qū)嵸|(zhì)上對自己不利的話題,然后趁著對方心理上的過于自信,在該話題的利用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過對方的勤奮進(jìn)行伏擊,是可行的。

      比如,學(xué)成應(yīng)不應(yīng)歸國,這是個對正方有利的話題,但反方拋出了時間點的問題學(xué)成后不應(yīng)歸國而是應(yīng)積累經(jīng)驗再歸國(實際上把辯題變成了學(xué)成應(yīng)不應(yīng)立即歸國)由于正方?jīng)]有反方準(zhǔn)備的更充分,所以吃了大虧。

      再來談對自己有利的話題,要注意這樣一點,并不要因為這個話題

      對自己有利,就不要認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備,相反要更加認(rèn)真的準(zhǔn)備,剛才的例子,已經(jīng)說明僅僅因為話題對自己有利就不加以充分準(zhǔn)備就會吃大虧。因為話題對我們有利,我們就必須要作好充分準(zhǔn)備,只要在比賽時候,只要談到這個話題,我們就必須占據(jù)絕對優(yōu)勢。另外,也要設(shè)計一 3

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      些配套的戰(zhàn)術(shù),如果對方逃逸這個話題,怎么又把話題拉回來,如果對方在這個話題上吃了虧,怎么通過追問,讓對方這個虧吃的更大!

      第二,通過準(zhǔn)備充分性進(jìn)行劃分

      如果初了解辯論賽,就能想到這種層次的劃分,就可以稱的上入門了。劃分戰(zhàn)場的時候,必須充分意識到,哪些自己不可讓步必須充分準(zhǔn)備的,哪些是對方不可讓步對方必須充分準(zhǔn)備的。

      這個劃分我認(rèn)為與第一種劃分的區(qū)分并不明顯。能看出兩種分法的不同才能真正的有效的利用這種劃分方法實現(xiàn)辯論賽戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的勝利

      其實,著兩種分法,本來就是同構(gòu)同質(zhì)的,不同的是出發(fā)點,在戰(zhàn)術(shù)考慮上前面的分法更多是以我為主,這個分法更多的是以敵為主。

      前面的更多的考慮自己,后面的更多的考慮對方。

      在劃分的指導(dǎo)意義,前面更多的是考慮立論的框架,后面的更多的是考慮立論的底線

      比如,錢是/不是萬惡之源,這個“萬”是正方不可讓步的,在自由辯論時候,反方馬大指出,這個萬是全部的意思,如果指出一個惡的源不是錢,就可以推翻對方的立論,而正方武漢大學(xué),并沒有意識到這里是不可讓步的------關(guān)于“萬”應(yīng)該是很多意思,在比賽時候關(guān)于萬的定義,拋的很少,而且拋的很晚。結(jié)果非常被動。

      這里大家應(yīng)該充分理解第一種分法和第二種分法的不同了吧!

      第一種,關(guān)于對于自己不利的,不能主動拋出;而第二種,關(guān)于自己不可讓步的,可以主動拋出,而且要多次(至少是充分)的拋出。

      再舉個例子,《法制可以消除腐敗/不可以消除腐敗》在這個辯題里面,“消除”的定義是什么,對于正方來說,意義和剛才那個“萬”一樣,是正方必須考慮早點拋出,多拋出!在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展對于文學(xué)來說是福音/是災(zāi)難,對于反方來說,“災(zāi)難”不能被正方那樣理解成為“滅頂之災(zāi)”,而應(yīng)該理解成為

      影響大的災(zāi)難,這個“災(zāi)難”的定義,就是反方必須充分準(zhǔn)備,要早拋出,多拋出的。

      第三,從論證義務(wù)來進(jìn)行劃分

      就是要明確哪些是,在比賽時候應(yīng)該充分論證的,哪些是應(yīng)該論證的,哪些是不需要,甚至是絕對不應(yīng)該論證的。

      在比賽時候,我們的論證義務(wù)在原則上是越少越好,而不應(yīng)該 仗著準(zhǔn)備充分,把論證義務(wù)越搞越多。減少闡述??!用一句話來表達(dá)自由辯論和規(guī)范陳詞的 4

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      關(guān)系,“當(dāng)你在自由辯論時候,有了想解釋的沖動,你的規(guī)范陳詞就是失敗的”,對于戰(zhàn)場劃分和自由辯論的關(guān)系同樣應(yīng)該這樣理解,在自由辯論時候,如果論證的義務(wù)太多,又不能推卸掉,就只好

      拼命的解釋自己是如何論證的,這樣會浪費大量的寶貴的時間。

      舉個例子吧。

      在松散式管理對于大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)利大于弊/弊大于利這個辯題里面,對于正方來說,其論證義務(wù)僅僅是證明:在條件具備下,在適合松散式管理的大學(xué)中,實行松散式管理利大于弊。

      其附加義務(wù):

      義務(wù)1,這樣的大學(xué)現(xiàn)實中是存在的;義務(wù)2,適合將來推行的大學(xué)現(xiàn)在有很多;義務(wù)3,對于這些大學(xué)來說,松散式管理有意義。

      可見這個辯題,在附加義務(wù)上,論證起來有難度,即使成功論證了對于自己的辯題沒有什么幫助,如何論證失敗了,影響非常惡劣,在微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)判斷上,叫做“成則利小敗則損大”

      反方為了增加正方的論證義務(wù),就責(zé)問對方;

      為什么母校沒有實行松散式管理。

      這個時候,正方應(yīng)該意識到自己只要證明實行了松散式和將要實行

      松散式的大學(xué)好處多多,而不應(yīng)該去論證母校也是松散式管理。

      即使真要論證對于母校松散式管理利大于弊,也應(yīng)該論證,對于母校來說,將來實行松散式管理是利大于弊的。而不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)出頭,論證普天之下,松散式對于任何大學(xué)都是利大于弊的。這樣的話,要浪費多少時間,很多真正該證明的東西反而沒有時間證明。

      后來,反方的觀眾拋出:我們的長城松散不得,軍校也應(yīng)該實行松散式管理嗎?

      我們拋出了“烏雞白鳳丸”的例子:問烏雞白鳳丸是利大于弊的,難道也要逼著男人也去吃嗎?通過這個類比,我們的戰(zhàn)場就回來了。我們沒有必要增加自己的論證義務(wù),去證明連軍校都要實行松散式管理。

      舉個反面例子:

      在以《成敗論英雄可取/不可取的辯題中》,正方錯誤的采取了立論:

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      任何人只要其正效應(yīng)大于負(fù)效應(yīng),就是英雄。

      大家可以自己看看,這個立論,正方的論證義務(wù)是不是太多了!

      第四種方法

      是按照時間效率分

      就是那些話題是對自己有利可以簡單說清楚不用太多時間的,哪些話題是對自己不利的,而且要費很多時間才能說清楚。另外要注意,雖然對自己有利但是要花費很多時間才能說清楚的,在比賽時候,無論是主動和被動都不要過多的談?wù)摗?/p>

      比如,《網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展對于文學(xué)來說是福音/災(zāi)難》,對于反方來說:馬克思有個文藝的發(fā)展不平衡論,可以支持反方的觀點,而且對方不好反駁,但是呢,要把這個不平衡論和辯題的關(guān)系說清楚至少要1分鐘,所以反方就沒有怎么使用不平衡論。

      而網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來的論文剽竊,文學(xué)體驗因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展帶來的缺失是很容易說清楚的,而且費不了多少時間,反方就反復(fù)的談。

      如果遇到對方反復(fù)扯一個扯不清的戰(zhàn)場,不要戀戰(zhàn),引入新戰(zhàn)場,時間就是生命!

      第五,從共同前提來劃分

      哪些東西是雙方都必須承認(rèn)的,哪些是雙方都必須否認(rèn)的。在實戰(zhàn)有這樣賴皮的戰(zhàn)術(shù),用連續(xù)追問逼著對方承認(rèn)本來雙方都應(yīng)該承認(rèn)的東西,然后再禮貌的說:“謝謝對方承認(rèn)我方觀點?!倍嗝凑`導(dǎo)人啊。這種方法,雖不應(yīng)為,但是不可不防。

      比如:大學(xué)生考研是個人需求更重要,還是社會需求更重要。對于正反方來說:個人個基本生理需求是必須要滿足的,而且不應(yīng)該破壞社會功利,這兩條雙方都必須承認(rèn),至少不應(yīng)該公開反對。但是正方就可能,逼著對方承認(rèn):考研必須考慮個人基本生理需求,然后給對方扣上一個“承認(rèn)正方觀點”的高帽子,反方就可能逼著對方承認(rèn),“不應(yīng)該沖犯社會公德”,然后扣上“正方承認(rèn)反方觀點”的高帽子。

      第六種:按照戰(zhàn)術(shù)特點劃分

      1,就是哪些話題適合自己發(fā)揮,哪些話題不適合自己發(fā)揮的。

      比如,管理學(xué)院抽到了“松散式管理對于大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)利大于弊”這個辯題,從松散式管理的結(jié)構(gòu)性特點來論證其優(yōu)越性,是適合管理系發(fā)揮的,因為有專業(yè)優(yōu)勢。比如:相對于對方的辯手,己方的吐詞更清晰,就可以多談?wù)撘恍┖苻挚诘脑掝}。(但不要總拽詞,注意適度原則, 2,比如:相對于對方的辯手,己方的表達(dá)力更強(qiáng),就要多討論那些不容易表述清楚的問題。還有種應(yīng)用比較難把握,就是根據(jù)對方的戰(zhàn)術(shù)特點以及對方在觀眾中的印象,來進(jìn)行設(shè)計,6

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      比如對方是法律專業(yè)的,就在法律方面的專業(yè)概念上駁倒對方,對方是計算機(jī)專業(yè)的,而恰好談?wù)撚嬎銠C(jī)的話題就,引用一些計算機(jī)行業(yè)的專業(yè)理論去攻擊對方。如果觀眾面前,法律專業(yè)在法律話題上輸給了對方,計算機(jī)在計算機(jī)話題上輸給了對方,管理專業(yè)在管理學(xué)話題上輸給了對方,后果如何??

      這說明,即使和自己專業(yè)對口的辯題,也要充分準(zhǔn)備。

      要防止對方使出這招,同時這一招比較險,如果正好對方精通專業(yè),出現(xiàn)了對方怎么說,觀眾怎么信的情況,己方就危險了。

      第七種劃分

      是按照觀眾和評委的公共意識來劃分,哪些是易于接受的,哪些是

      不利于接受的。

      比如,在觀眾心目中,詭辯絕對是貶義詞,所以,就不要輕易稱贊

      古希臘的詭辯者,盡管他們?yōu)槿宋氖聵I(yè)功不可沒。

      比如,關(guān)于自律的辯題,如果你在游戲界很出名,就不要宣稱,你對游戲很克制,即使你真的如此,觀眾也會喝倒彩的。

      比如,離婚率的上升是愛情觀念的進(jìn)步還是退步。為了論證是進(jìn)步,我們說離婚不是因為小三而是為了讓另一半追求更好的幸福。(此觀點雖然合理,但是很難讓觀眾評委信服,有故意站在道德制高點之嫌)

      第八種劃分

      是按照價值導(dǎo)向劃分的。

      庸俗的說,就是哪些地方是容易扣對方高帽子的,哪些地方是容易被對方扣高帽子的。

      嚴(yán)肅的說,哪些地方更能體現(xiàn)時代發(fā)展的核心價值,哪些地方的交鋒對于我們更有時代意義,哪些地方是不能庸俗化討論的。案例:1,《比如對待貧困學(xué)生應(yīng)該扶貧為主還是扶志為主》這個辯題 一方一個成功大學(xué)生的例子進(jìn)行論證,另外一方馬上就說,他居然用獎學(xué)金上只有經(jīng)濟(jì)條件非常好才能報名的非常出名的計算機(jī)培訓(xùn)班,其實大部分觀眾對于貧困大學(xué)生利用獎學(xué)金進(jìn)高檔培訓(xùn)班是贊許的,這是一個高消費行為,但是并不是一個奢侈行為,如此亂扣奢侈化帽子,是很對抗觀眾意識的。

      第九種劃分

      外國語與國際教育學(xué)院辯論隊12級新生培訓(xùn)1

      是按照戰(zhàn)術(shù)設(shè)置來劃分,這個可能是立論結(jié)束后才進(jìn)行的。比如90年代初的南京大學(xué),喜歡先集中火力攻擊一個話題,然后再轉(zhuǎn)向另外一個戰(zhàn)場。優(yōu)點:便于論證自己的觀點,便于觀眾理解自己的觀點,缺點:太重視準(zhǔn)備,對于實戰(zhàn)的應(yīng)變性不強(qiáng),有的時候,可能會出現(xiàn),備戰(zhàn)內(nèi)容和實際中對方的漏洞,都成了雞肋的兩難境地?,F(xiàn)場感永遠(yuǎn)是最重要的。

      賽前的最后一點時間里,把所有的知識點一一梳理,找出其中最有利的幾個領(lǐng)域,設(shè)計出一個又一個圈套,準(zhǔn)備好一個又一個炸彈,這些領(lǐng)域便構(gòu)筑成了“優(yōu)勢戰(zhàn)場”。

      戰(zhàn)場的選擇要豐富,一會天文一會地理,古今中外無所不包、迅速切換,讓人有應(yīng)接不暇的感覺。

      每一個戰(zhàn)場,都必須要有絕對的把握。最終依靠知識優(yōu)勢終結(jié)每一個戰(zhàn)場,立即引向下一戰(zhàn)場,絕不戀戰(zhàn)。

      第三篇:英語作文-比較類

      45班xxxxx

      The Comparison Between Watching TV and Reading Books

      In our daily life, Watching TV and reading books has become the mainly way for children to get varies messages about the world by themselves.The two ways both can make an influence on the growth of children.In this essay, I’d like to make a comparison of the influence on children between watching TV and reading books.First of all, both of them are valuable to children to open up their eyes to the world.In addition, children can also enjoy themselves from watching interesting program and reading meaningful story books.Finally, children usually talk with friends using the topics that get from watching TV and reading books.With the colorful program, children maybe waste lots of time on it which leads them to a shortage of communicating with family and friends.While reading books may seldom results in the question like that.books need children to think and image what the authors want to tell them by themselves.By comparison, the programs on TV usually have been edited by others so that children need not to think more about them.Base on the comparison, we can see that reading books is more useful for children to develop the abilities of understanding and imagination than watching TV.In addition, watching TV often breaks children’s attention every twenty minutes by the advertizements.By comparison, children can read books in a world of their own as long as they want.urge children to pay more time on reading books than watching TV.

      第四篇:比較愛你初三英語作文

      I willgraduate soon. In junior high school life, I met a lot of people and a lot of things.

      In my junior high school learning career Mrs.Feng let me remember that I alwayscan't learn your English well, but you never give up me. You often encourage me to let me find the fun of learning English.Althoughyou looks very fierce,you are very gentle actually. I don't want to leave you, but high school is the way I had to choose. I will miss you. When you ask we whether we will think of the teacher after graduation, Ireally want to say to you loudly. But I can't , so I write it in the composition. I will always remember that I have a teacher she name is Mrs.feng.

      第五篇:英語作文激勵性評語

      英語作文激勵性評語

      一、宏觀性評價 1.整體印象類評語

      Super!Excellent!Perfect!Wonderful.Fantastic.Marvelous.采用整體印象類評語對于高中起始階段的學(xué)生有較好的激勵作用,但若千篇一律德使用此類評語,就會使學(xué)生無法正確認(rèn)識自己的寫作水平,最終導(dǎo)致教師的評語失去應(yīng)有的作用。2.規(guī)范導(dǎo)知類評語

      Beautiful.Clear.Wonderful.Good hand-writing.You’re careful of using pronunciation.Glad to see your improvement in handwriting.I'm expecting clearer/more beautiful hand-writing from you next time.You’d better pay more attention to word order.Better be more careful of your spelling.It's important to compose a draft beforehand.3.情感調(diào)控類評語

      I appreciate your handwriting.You have a good knowledge of English proverbs.You are quite aware of making meaningful sentences.You are richer than others in collecting and using typical sentences an idiom.I'm expecting greater progress from you in writing.Come on.If you need my help, never hesitate to come to me.警句:

      Hard work leads to success.Not to advance is to go back.No one is without faults.Keeping is harder than winning.Keep it up.二、微觀寫作技能方面的評語 1.專項點撥類評語

      It's proper to use the proverb in Para.2 Quite clever.You are good at using attributive clauses in your writing.The “struck” sentence is perfectly used.You'd better use “third person” in the first Para.It's good to use the past tense in your writing.2.佳句欣賞類評語

      教師可以在句尾統(tǒng)一標(biāo)注贊美性的符號(如E--Excellent)或標(biāo)識不同星級等。

      What a wonderful sentence using “cover”.It's really clever of you to use this beautiful sentence.The inverted sentence is well written.3.謀篇布局類評語

      A good beginning.A perfect ending.Well-organized.Perfectly-expanded.The first para.makes a good beginning.The last para.makes a perfect ending.All the points have been covered.It's clever of you to use a topic sentence at the beginning of a para.It's wonderful to use proper conjunctions between sentences.You are good at developing a Para.You have made great progress in developing a passage.I am glad to see the sentence coherence in your last Para.Better pay more attention to the relationship between sentences.It's really wonderful to start/end your sentences with adverbials.What is your name? I am very glad to see that your ideas.I think it is a good essay.You are good at developing a Para.The structure is very clear and you organize your points in a logically way.If there is more detailed information, it will be better.and pay attention to some basic grammar points.Expand your vocabulary!I’m expecting better writing from you next time.What is your name?

      在起始年級應(yīng)側(cè)重對學(xué)生寫作行為規(guī)范的引領(lǐng),重在對學(xué)生進(jìn)行詞句方面的引導(dǎo);對高年級學(xué)生則應(yīng)側(cè)重對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、行文的邏輯、句子的變化等方面的指點和引導(dǎo)。雖然這些評語對我們大部分學(xué)生來說不太適合,因為他們連老師評他們什么都看不懂。但我們平時對作文的批改確實沒做到這么仔細(xì)。有很大啟發(fā)。英語作文評語集錦

      1, criticism style: For example: “this article does not fluent language, writing is not serious, the lack of vivid description, is an unsuccessful essay.” Such a comment, for those who are not serious student writing would be appropriate to use a bit but can not be used;otherwise it will discourage the entrepreneurial spirit of students.2, in recognition of type: “that this is writing new material selection, design sophistication, using a comparison of contrasting a variety of writing style, the characters are detailed image of reading a long time people forget, is a superb masterpiece......” Such comments, suitable for writing with rich experience of those students, teachers willing to work hand in hand assessment of the essay will make them more height and depth.3, incentive-style: Student's writing skills are not balanced, and some writing is only a partial or individual sentences, words wonderful, then a teacher at the time of writing reviews, it is necessary to seize the students of these bright spot, to stimulate their interest in writing.“Wen's two Bi Yuju very wonderful, unique, reading a immersive feeling, I like the hope that the future can enjoy, the teachers believe that you will not let me disappointed.” Although a few words, but The role of such incentives are inestimable.4, exhorted formula: writing is that students express their spiritual herb, their emotions and Jin Xian where, so the teacher the time to write reviews, but also pay attention to the ideological trend of students and put them onto a positive track.“People can make their own away from the spirit of a high degree of material poverty, others enjoy the food, you can be immersed in the spiritual food intake, it will give you a lot of fun, so you go beyond the width and depth, they are!”I think, so a few words with advising the type of discourse, so that those who are poor enough to bring troubled students feel relieved.and ask a question type: teachers can sometimes be characterized by the student's essay, some with a depth so as to enable the students themselves to think about to answer, in the continual process of reflection in improving writing skills.For example: Where do you think best describe? Why?;Text which deep understanding?;You use and what writing skills?;You are most dissatisfied with is that of what?......6, an explicit: “It's like you in this writing, funny, humor, much has been philosophy, writing is smooth, such as Hangyunliushui, if re-writing something beautiful, even more icing on the cake is not it?” Such recognition among the implicit criticism will touched the hearts of the students, arouse their attention.7, seminar-style: for the writing on some of the issues, teachers may use to discuss type of tone, and students to explore and improve.For example: “If the reference one and the poem at the beginning of this article, do you feel?” “Narrative of events, using plug Syria is not more interesting?”

      1、批評式:例如:“此文語言不流暢,書寫不認(rèn)真,缺少生動形象的描寫,是一篇不成功的作文?!比绱嗽u語,對于那些寫作不認(rèn)真的學(xué)生,可適當(dāng)采用一下,但不可常用,否則會挫傷學(xué)生的進(jìn)取心。

      2、表揚(yáng)式:“本篇作文選材新穎,構(gòu)思精巧,動用了對比、反襯等多種寫作手法,人物刻畫細(xì)致形象,讀后讓人久久難忘,是一篇上乘的佳作……”這樣的評語,適于那些寫作功底深厚的學(xué)生,老師衷肯的評價,會讓他們的作文更有高度與深度。

      3、激勵式:學(xué)生的寫作水平是不均衡的,有的作文只是局部或個別句子、詞語精彩,那么老師在寫評語的時候,就要抓住學(xué)生的這些閃光點,來激發(fā)他們的寫作興趣?!拔闹械膬蓚€比喻句很美妙,獨特,讀后有身臨其境的感覺,我很喜歡,希望以后還能享受到,老師相信你不會讓我失望的?!彪m然寥寥數(shù)語,但這樣激勵所起的作用是不可估量的。

      4、勸勉式:作文是學(xué)生抒發(fā)心靈的芳草地,他們的喜怒哀樂盡顯其中,因此教師在寫評語的時候,更要關(guān)注學(xué)生的思想動態(tài),把他們引到積極向上的軌道?!叭丝梢杂镁竦母叨茸屪约哼h(yuǎn)離物質(zhì)的貧困,在別人享受美食的時候,你可以沉浸在精神食糧的攝取中,它將給你帶來無窮的樂趣,讓你在寬度與深度上超越他們!”我想,這樣幾句話帶有勸勉式的話語,足可以使那些因貧困帶來煩惱的學(xué)生感到釋然。

      5、反問式:教師有時可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的作文特點,提出一些帶有深度的問題,讓學(xué)生自己去思考、解答,在不斷反思中提高寫作水平。例如:你認(rèn)為哪些地方描寫最精彩?為什么?;文中有哪些深刻的體悟?;你使用了哪些寫作技巧?;你最不滿意之處是什么?……

      6、暗示式:“很喜歡你這篇作文,風(fēng)趣、幽默之中不乏哲理,文筆流暢如行云流水,如果書寫再漂亮些,不就更錦上添花了嗎?”如此表揚(yáng)之中的含蓄批評,更會觸動學(xué)生的心靈,引起他們的重視。

      7、研討式:針對寫作上的某些問題,教師可采用商量式的口氣,和學(xué)生共同探討、改進(jìn)。例如:“如果引用一首和本文有關(guān)的詩開頭,你感覺如何?”“敘述的事件,采用插敘的方法是不是更引人入勝?”

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