第一篇：服裝專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

服裝專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

專業(yè)名詞：（英譯中）

1fabric、2positioning3bath towel4hanger5fabric run6discount7run off stitch、8

up side down9retailer、10 audit report11 classification12 cutting piece13 additional13 broken yarn14template15 clean finish

(1)approval sample

(2)armhole

(3)pilling

(4)bartack

(5)metal-ware

(6)bottom

(7)bottoms

(8)dyeing

(9)bust

(10)CB length

(11)care label

(12)collar

cuff

(13)hipping sample

(14)inlay

(15)fly

(16)front pocket

(17)hangtag

(18)hip pocket

(19)lining

(20)jetted pkt.(21)facing

(22)client

(23)out-seam

(24)plastic bag

(25)pattern

信件復(fù)習(xí)：

根據(jù)給出信息，完成以下信件的回復(fù)：

收件人：David Brown

收件人地址：Bandy Fashion Inc.120 Bukit Timah Street, Singapore

日期：2012年6月10日

寄信人：跟單員(Merchandiser)王華, ABC Company

事件：我們收到David Brown發(fā)出的200打全棉褲子，經(jīng)過檢測(cè)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中6打褲子存在品質(zhì)差問題，其中5打褲子存在面料瑕疵問題。我們期待你們的答復(fù)。

Bandy Fashion Inc.120 Bukit Timah Street

Singapore

Dear Mr.David Brown,We received 200 dozens of 100% cotton pants you sent us, but regret finding on examination that 6 dozens of them were poor quality and 5 dozens of them were being fabric defects.We are looking forward to your reply.Yours Sincerely,ABC CompanyWang Hua

牛仔褲用專業(yè)英語寫出各部位名稱：（襯衫各部位名稱要熟記）

1.waistband

2.change pocket

3.front curve pocket

4.fly

5.crotch

6.side seam

7.bottom

8.leather label

9.back/hip pocket

10.seat seam11、in seam

第二篇：復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)--計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語11級(jí)

3.縮寫詞擴(kuò)展（10分）（10個(gè)）

RAM（random access memory）ISP Internet Service Provider

URL Uniform/Universal Resource LocatorFTPFile Transfer Protocol

DSL(Digital Subscriber Line數(shù)字用戶專線)DBMS

NIC網(wǎng)卡(Network Interface CardAGPAccelerated Graphics Port(加速圖形接口)OMROpticalMarkReaderVRMLVirtual Reality Modeling Language）即虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)建模語言NOSNITROUS OXIDE SYSTEM，即氮?dú)饧铀傧到y(tǒng)CPU中央處理器（CPU，英語：Central Processing Unit），ALU 算術(shù)邏輯單元(Arithmetic-Logic Unit

RFID射頻識(shí)別（英文：Radio Frequency IDentification

GUI圖形用戶界面（Graphical User Interface

RSI Relative Strength Index

USBUniversal Serial Bus

CRT陰極射線管(Cathode Ray Tube

4.英譯漢（28分）

Chapter

1Software, as we mentioned, is another name for programs.Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want.In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable.There are two major kinds of software: system software and application software.You can think of application software as the kind you use.Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.P

4軟件，正如我們所提到的，它的另外一個(gè)名字叫程序。程序是告訴計(jì)算機(jī)如何按照你的想法處理數(shù)據(jù)的一系列指令集。在大多數(shù)情況下，軟件和程序是可以互換。主要有兩個(gè)不同種類的軟件：系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用程序軟件。你可以認(rèn)為應(yīng)用軟件是你使用的那類，系統(tǒng)軟件就是給電腦使用的那類。

Careers in IT.One of the most important decisions of your life is to decide upon your life’s work or career.Perhaps you are planning to be a writer, an artist, or an engineer.Or you might become a professional in information technology.Each of the following chapters highlights a specific career in information technology.This feature provides job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges, and advancement opportunities.P6

職業(yè)生涯。人生最重要的決定之一就是決定你一生的工作或職業(yè)。也許你正計(jì)劃成為一個(gè)作家,藝術(shù)家,或工程師?；蛘吣憧梢猿蔀橐粋€(gè)專業(yè)的信息技術(shù)。以下章節(jié)突出特定的職業(yè)信息技術(shù)。這個(gè)特性提供了職位描述,預(yù)計(jì)就業(yè)需求,教育需求,目前的薪水范圍,和進(jìn)步的機(jī)會(huì)。

Experts agree that we as a society must be careful about the potential of technology to negatively impact our personal privacy and security.Additionally, we need to be aware of potential physical and mental health risks associated with using technology.Finally, we need to be aware of negative effects on our environment caused by the manufacture of computerrelated products.P17

專家認(rèn)為,我們作為一個(gè)社會(huì)必須注意技術(shù)的潛在負(fù)面影響我們的個(gè)人隱私和安全。另外,我們需要知道潛在的生理和心理的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與使用技術(shù)有關(guān)。最后,我們需要意識(shí)到造成的負(fù)面影響我們的環(huán)境電腦相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的制造。

Chapter

2It is easy to get the Internet and the Web confused,（troubled, chaotic, puzzled困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的）but they are not the same things.The Internet is the actual physical network.It is made up of wires, cables, and satellites.Being connected to this network is often described as being online.The inernet connected millions of computers and resources throughout the world.The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.Every day over a billion users from nearly every country in the world use the Internet and the Web.P30

很容易讓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和Web困惑,但是它們不是相同的東西?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)是實(shí)際的物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。它是由電線、電纜和衛(wèi)星。被連接到這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通常被描述為在線。網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接世界各地?cái)?shù)以百萬計(jì)的電腦和資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)多媒體接口可用資源在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。每天從世界上幾乎每一個(gè)國家超過十億個(gè)用戶使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

As previously mentioned, communication is the most popular Internet activity, and its impact cannot be overestimated.At a personal level, friends and family can stay in contact with one another even when separated by thousands of miles.At a business level, electronic communication has become a standard, and many time preferred, way to stay in touch with suppliers, employees, and customers.P3

3正如前面提到的,溝通是最受歡迎的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動(dòng),其影響不可估量的。在個(gè)人層面上,朋友和家人可以彼此保持聯(lián)系,即使相隔數(shù)千英里。在業(yè)務(wù)層面,電子通信已成為一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),和許多時(shí)間優(yōu)先,與供應(yīng)商保持聯(lián)系,雇員和顧客。

In an attempt to control spam, anti-spam laws have been added to our legal system.For example, the recently enacted CAN-SPAM Act（反垃圾郵件法）requires that every marketing-related e-mail provide an opt-out(選擇退出)option.When the option is selected, the recipient’s e-mail address is to be removed from future mailing lists.Failure to do so results in heavy fines.This approach, however, has had minimal impact since over 50 percent of all spam originates from servers outside the United States.A more effective approach has been the development and use of spam blockers.These programs use a variety of different approaches to identify and eliminate spam.P3

5為了控制垃圾郵件,反垃圾郵件法已經(jīng)被添加到我們的法律體系。例如,最近頒布了-spam法(反垃圾郵件法)要求每一個(gè)市場(chǎng)營銷的相關(guān)郵件,提供一個(gè)退出(選擇退出)的選擇。選項(xiàng)被選中時(shí),收件人的電子郵件地址從未來的郵件列表。如果不這樣做,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致高額罰款。這種方法,然而,一直以來最小的影響超過50%的垃圾郵件都來自美國以外的服務(wù)器。一個(gè)更有效的方法是垃圾郵件攔截器的開發(fā)和使用。這些程序使用各種不同的方法來識(shí)別和消除垃圾郵件。

Chapter 3

①Word processors provide a variety of features to make entering, editing, and formatting documents easy.One of the most basic features for entering text is word wrap.This feature automatically moves the insertion point to the next line once the current line is full.As you type, the words wrap around to the next line.P66

字處理器提供的各種特性輸入,編輯和格式化文檔容易。最基本的特性之一,用于輸入文本自動(dòng)換行。此功能自動(dòng)插入點(diǎn)移動(dòng)到下一行一次當(dāng)前行已經(jīng)滿了。當(dāng)你輸入下一行的文字環(huán)繞。

②Spreadsheet programs organize, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.Once used exclusively by accountants, spreadsheets are widely used by nearly every profession.Marketing professionals analyze sales trends.Financial analysts evaluate and graph stock market trends.Students and teachers record grades and calculate grade point averages.P 69

電子表格程序組織、分析和圖表數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù),如預(yù)算和財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告。曾經(jīng)由會(huì)計(jì)師、獨(dú)家電子表格到幾乎每一個(gè)行業(yè)被廣泛使用。市場(chǎng)營銷專業(yè)人士分析銷售趨勢(shì)。金融分析師評(píng)估股票市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)和圖。老師和學(xué)生成績記錄和計(jì)算平均分。

③An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more.The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function(such as word processing)are not as extensive as in the individual programs(such as Microsoft Word).The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.The cost of an integrated package is much less than the cost of the individual powerful, professional-grade application programs discussed thus far in this chapter.P79

一個(gè)完整的包是一個(gè)程序,它提供了一個(gè)字處理器的功能,電子表格,數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器等等。一個(gè)集成方案的主要缺點(diǎn)是,每個(gè)函數(shù)的功能(如文字處理)不一樣廣泛的個(gè)人項(xiàng)目(比如Microsoft word)。的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)是成本和簡(jiǎn)單。一個(gè)集成方案的成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于成本的個(gè)人強(qiáng)大,專業(yè)應(yīng)用程序到目前為止在本章中討論。

Chapter

4One of the most common types of graphic files is bitmap.Bitmap images, also known as raster images, use thousands of dots or pixels to represent images.Each dot has a specific location, color, and shade.One limitation of bitmap images, however, is that when they are expanded, the images can become pixilated, or jagged on the edges.P9

5最常見的一種類型的位圖圖形文件。位圖圖像,也稱為光柵圖像,使用成千上萬的點(diǎn)或像素來表示圖像。每個(gè)點(diǎn)都有一個(gè)特定的位置、顏色和陰影。然而,位圖圖像的一個(gè)限制是,當(dāng)他們正在擴(kuò)大,圖像會(huì)變得調(diào)皮搗蛋的,或鋸齒狀邊緣。

Vector is another common type of graphic file.While bitmap images use pixels to represent images, vector images, also known as vector illustrations, use geometric shapes or objects.These objects are created by connecting lines and curves.Because these objects can be defined by mathematical equations, they can be rapidly and easily resized, colored, textured, and manipulated.An image is a combination of several objects.Illustration programs, also known as drawing programs, are used to create and edit vector images.P96

向量是另一個(gè)常見的圖形文件。位圖圖像使用像素來表示圖像,矢量圖像,也被稱為矢量插圖,用幾何圖形或物體。這些對(duì)象是由直線和曲線連接。因?yàn)檫@些對(duì)象可以定義的數(shù)學(xué)方程,它們可以快速、輕松地調(diào)整大小,顏色,紋理和操縱。一個(gè)圖像結(jié)合了對(duì)象。說明項(xiàng)目,也稱為繪圖程序,用于創(chuàng)建和編輯矢量圖像。

Effective multimedia presentations incorporate user participation or interactivity.Interactivity allows the user to choose the information to view, to control the pace and flow of information, and to respond to items and receive feedback.When experiencing an interactive multimedia presentation, users customize the presentation to their needs.P10

1有效的多媒體演示文稿包含用戶參與或交互性。交互性允許用戶選擇查看的信息,控制速度和信息的流動(dòng),和應(yīng)對(duì)項(xiàng)目和接收反饋。當(dāng)經(jīng)歷一個(gè)交互式多媒體演示、用戶自定義演示他們的需求。

Chapter

5①Starting or restarting a computer is called booting the system.There are two ways to boot a computer: a warm boot and a cold boot.A warm boot occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power.A warm boot can be accomplished in several ways.P12

3啟動(dòng)或重新啟動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)稱為引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。有兩種方法可以引導(dǎo)計(jì)算機(jī):一個(gè)溫暖的引導(dǎo)和冷啟動(dòng)。熱啟動(dòng)發(fā)生在電腦已經(jīng)和你沒有關(guān)掉電源重新啟動(dòng)它。溫暖的靴子可以在幾個(gè)方面來完成。

②Most operating system store data and programs in a system of files and folders.Unlike the traditional filing cabinet , computer files and folders are stored on a secondary storage device such as your hard disk.Files are used to store data and programs.Related files are stored within a folder, and for organizational purpose, a folder can contain other folders.P12

4大多數(shù)操作系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序的系統(tǒng)文件和文件夾。與傳統(tǒng)的文件柜,電腦文件和文件夾存儲(chǔ)在二級(jí)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備,如硬盤。文件用于存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序。相關(guān)的文件存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)文件夾,組織的目的,一個(gè)文件夾可以包含其他文件夾。

③Disk defragmenter is a utility program that locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations.P13

1磁盤碎片整理程序是一個(gè)定位和消除不必要的碎片和實(shí)用程序?qū)⑽募臀词褂玫拇疟P空間優(yōu)化操作。

Chapter 6

Our voices create analog, or continuous, signals that vary represent different tones, pitches, and volume.Computers, however, can recognize only digital electronic signals.Before any processing can occur within the system unit, a conversion must occur from what we understand to what the system unit can electronically process.P15

2我們的聲音創(chuàng)造模擬,或連續(xù),信號(hào)不同代表不同的音調(diào),音高和體積。然而,計(jì)算機(jī)只能識(shí)別數(shù)字電子信號(hào)。在系統(tǒng)單元能夠進(jìn)行任何處理之前,我們理解的轉(zhuǎn)換必須發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)單元可以電子化過程。

Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chips.Chips consist of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material called silicon.These circuit boards can be smaller than the tip of your finger.P154

套接字提供一個(gè)連接點(diǎn)為小型專業(yè)電子零件稱為芯片。芯片是由微小的電路板上的方塊sandlike材料稱為硅。這些電路板可以小于你的手指。

Plug and Play is a set of hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and others.It is an effort by hardware and software vendors to create operating systems, processing units, and expansion boards, as well as other devices, that are able to configure themselves.Ideally, to install a new expansion board, all you have to do is insert the board and turn on the computer.P160

即插即用硬件和軟件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的是一組由英特爾、微軟、和其他人。它是由硬件和軟件供應(yīng)商的努力創(chuàng)建操作系統(tǒng),處理單元,和擴(kuò)展板,以及其他設(shè)備,能夠配置本身。理想情況下,安裝一個(gè)新的擴(kuò)展板,所有你需要做的就是在剪貼薄中放入董事會(huì)和打開電腦。

Chapter 7

①A mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor.The mouse pointer usually appears in the shape of an arrow.It frequently changes shape, however, depending on the application.A mouse can have one, two, or more buttons, which are used to select command options and to control the pointer on the monitor.Some mice have a wheel button that can be rotated to scroll through information that is displayed on the monitor.P18

4鼠標(biāo)控制指針顯示在監(jiān)視器上。鼠標(biāo)指針通常出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)箭頭的形狀。它經(jīng)常改變形狀,然而,這取決于應(yīng)用程序。鼠標(biāo)可以有一個(gè)、兩個(gè)或更多的按鈕,用來選擇命令選項(xiàng),控制顯示器上的指針。一些老鼠輪按鈕,可以旋轉(zhuǎn)滾動(dòng)信息顯示在監(jiān)視器上。

②A light pen is a light-sensitive penlike device.The light pen is placed against the monitor.This closes a photoelectric circuit and identifies the spot for entering or modifying data.P185

發(fā)光筆是一種對(duì)光敏感的筆狀裝置。發(fā)光筆垂直放置于顯示器上。這樣做可以閉合光電電路，并可以識(shí)別輸入或修改數(shù)據(jù)的點(diǎn)。

③Radio frequency card readers are not as common but more convenient because they do not require the card to actually make contact with the reader.The card has a small RFID(radio frequency identification)microchip that contains the user’s encoded information.Whenever the card is passed within a few inches of the card reader, the user’s information is read.P187

射頻讀卡器不常見但更方便,因?yàn)樗麄儾恍枰▽?shí)際接觸讀者?？ㄓ幸粋€(gè)小的RFID(射頻識(shí)別)芯片,其中包含用戶的編碼信息。每當(dāng)卡傳遞幾英寸的讀卡器,讀取用戶的信息。

5.漢譯英（4-5）20分

Chapter 1

Almost all of today’s computer systems add an additional part to the information system.This part, called connectivity, allows computers to connect and to share information.今天幾乎所有的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)添加一個(gè)額外的部分信息系統(tǒng)。這部分稱為連接,允許電腦連接和共享信息。

Chapter 2

While there are numerous advantages to e-commerce, there are disadvantages as well.Some of these disadvantages include the inability to provide immediate delivery of goods, the inability to “try on” prospective purchases, and question relating to the security of online payments.P43

電子商務(wù)雖然有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),也有缺點(diǎn)。這些缺點(diǎn)包括不能提供貨物立即交貨,不能“試穿”未來的購買,和在線支付的安全相關(guān)的問題。

Chapter 3

Spreadsheet programs typically provide a variety of different types of functions, including financial, mathematical, statistical, and logical functions.Some of these functions are presented in Figure 3-7.電子制表軟件通常提供會(huì)提供多種多樣不同類型的函數(shù)，包括金融的，數(shù)學(xué)的，統(tǒng)計(jì)的以及邏輯的函數(shù)。

Chapter 4

There are numerous Web image galleries.（See Figure 4-6.）Some of these sites offer free images and clip art while others charge a fee.P96

有很多Web圖片畫廊。(見圖4-6。)這些網(wǎng)站提供免費(fèi)的一些圖片和剪輯藝術(shù)而其他人收取費(fèi)用。

Chapter 5

Microsoft’s Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today with over 90 percent of the market.P125

微軟的Windows是迄今為止最受歡迎的今天微機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)擁有超過90%的市場(chǎng)份額。Chapter 7

A joystick is the most popular input device for computer games.you control game actions by varying the pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick.P185

操縱桿輸入設(shè)備是最受歡迎的電腦游戲。你控制游戲行為通過改變壓力,速度和方向操縱桿。

6.名詞解釋，用英語解釋單詞的含義。(？分4-5個(gè))12分

1.connectivityP18

2.protocolsP32

3.databaseP74

4.master slideP77

5.vector imagesP96

6.graphical mapP111

7.device driversP122

8.control unitP155

9.clarityP192

10.wormsP287

11.morphingP104

第三篇：專業(yè)英語要點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.Writing requirements for title2.3.The function of affiliation are : 4.5.The general requirements of keywords :

6.Common problems in abstract writing are Mixed writing style, 7.General writing requirements of introduction: 8.General functions of reference are 9.10.General functions of footnotes are 11.Tenses in papers are :12.Sentence Structure of Scientific English:

Professional authors prefer to use indicative sentences to describe experiments or investigations conducted, state the quality or property of the matter used, confirm laws or principles worked out.Various complex sentences are often used to reflect the logical analyses and the complicated interrelations in the scientific research accurately.13., 14.Process undertaken in the experiment includes 15.Introduce to the equipments used in the experiment: 16.17.General requirement for research description are:

18.Types of logical development: Developing byDeveloping the ResearchDeveloping the Research 19.Classification of professional papers: 20.The general function of a title in a professional paper a professional paper are 21.The general requirements for the authors and affiliation in a professional paper are:22.General requirements of abstract are: Miniaturizing the Text, 23.24.Writing requirements of abstract are: 25.26.27.Main elements of discussion are analyzing data, pointing our doubts, expounding viewpoint, stating the significance, arriving at a conclusion.28.Avoidance of writing aconclusion should be :Avoid drawing conclusions from data involving 29.5S Strategy for Abstract Writing:

30.5A Strategy

Five questions to answer in the abstract:

Q1: What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field?

Q2: What research topic is the paper to focus on?

Q3: What method or material do you use to support your main point of view? Q4: What conclusion will you draw?

Q5: What is the main contribution of the paper?

第四篇：特殊教育專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)

簡(jiǎn)答

1.What Does It Take to be a Good Special Education Teacher?

1Patience 2 Diligence 3Compassion 4Flexibility 2.ADHD has three subtypes多動(dòng)癥分類: 1 Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive 過動(dòng)/沖動(dòng)控制障礙型2 Predominantly inattentive 注意力缺陷型3 Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive 混合型

3.a student with :hearing impairment聽力損傷、vision impairment視覺、mental impairment智力

5What Causes導(dǎo)致 ADHD因素? genes—environmental factors—brain injuries—nutrition—social environment—Food additives 6多動(dòng)癥的癥狀symptom：inattention注意力缺乏、hyperactive活動(dòng)過度、impulsive沖動(dòng)。解釋

1.（Inclusive education全納教育）means meeting individual needs。

2(task Analysis任務(wù)分析法）task Analysis is a process by which a task is broken down into its component parts。

3（Autism自閉癥)causes kids to experience the world differently from the way most other kids do.4.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.5.Learning Disability學(xué)習(xí)障礙

6.Studens with special needs有特殊需要的學(xué)生

7.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙 8.Mainstrseam主流

1通常,有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的學(xué)生的平均智力但是他們將需要更多的具體教學(xué)策略、程序修改或住宿。學(xué)習(xí)障礙不包括一個(gè)殘疾帶來的視覺、聽覺受損、身體或行為。雖然,許多行為殘疾學(xué)生通常有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。Descrepancies學(xué)業(yè)成績之間和實(shí)際知識(shí)的能力就會(huì)發(fā)生。學(xué)習(xí)障礙的診斷通常發(fā)生在孩子有一個(gè)威R是執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試,是通過一個(gè)心理學(xué)家——通常是。學(xué)習(xí)障礙的定義往往會(huì)不同地區(qū)地區(qū)但往往傳達(dá)一個(gè)共同的意義。這里有一個(gè)全面的特質(zhì)列表學(xué)習(xí)障礙的學(xué)生通過他們的特定類別:1視覺感知2聽覺感知3身體和空間關(guān)系4概念赤字5內(nèi)存赤字6行為赤字

2Teaching students with special needs is very rewarding值得的 – but it’s hard work as well.A special education teacher must be willing to struggle奮斗 in order to provide her/his students with the best education possible.Many times, good special education teachers go far above what is expected of them.Going that extra mile can make the difference between a student floating through順利度過 school and being truly successful.教學(xué)生有特殊需要的值都非常有價(jià)值得的——但這很困難的工作。一個(gè)特殊教育教師必須愿意斗爭(zhēng)奮斗為了提供她/他的學(xué)生提供最好的教育成為可能。很多時(shí)候,良好的特殊教育教師遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于對(duì)他們的期望是什么。將這額外的一英里就區(qū)分一個(gè)學(xué)生浮動(dòng)通過順利度過學(xué)校和真正的成功。

3To be a good special education teacher, it is important that you care about your students.Although discipline紀(jì)律 is imperative必要的 in the special education classroom, undue不適當(dāng)?shù)?harshness嚴(yán)肅 is not imperative.You must truly care about your students in order to motivate them to succeed.特殊教育成為一個(gè)好老師,但重要的是,你關(guān)心你的學(xué)生。雖然紀(jì)律紀(jì)律必要的必須在特殊教育課堂,過度的不適當(dāng)?shù)膰?yán)肅嚴(yán)肅不是勢(shì)在必行。你必須真正關(guān)心你的學(xué)生

為了促使他們成功。

4Perhaps one of the least noticed characteristics of a good special education teacher is flexibility.Very often, what works for one student will fail for another.Special education teachers often need to alter 改變their approaches to various students due to changes in the student’s IEP, educational circumstances, or personal life.In addition, a special education teacher must be willing to incorporate 綜合input 付出from student’s parents and from the student herself.This requires the ability to take into account alternative 選擇性的viewpoints and options選擇, and to be flexible with your teaching methods.也許一個(gè)最不注意到特征的特殊教育教師是靈活性好。通常,最適合一個(gè)學(xué)生將失敗的另一個(gè)。特殊教育老師經(jīng)常需要改變他們的方法對(duì)各種改變學(xué)生由于改變學(xué)生的等電位點(diǎn),教育環(huán)境,或個(gè)人生活。此外,一個(gè)特殊教育教師必須愿意將綜合輸入付出從學(xué)生的家長和學(xué)生自己。這樣做需要能夠考慮替代選擇性的觀點(diǎn)和期權(quán)選擇,靈活的和你的教學(xué)方法。

5Patience is definitely the most important characteristic of a special education teacher.Unlike regular teachers, special education teachers work with students who may not grasp concepts quickly.In fact, depending on the needs of the students, the special education teacher may find himself/herself repeating the same simple concept over and over and over again before the student begins to comprehend.In addition to this repetition, the special education teacher may need to break seemingly simple concepts down into parts that are manageable for his students, which can take a considerable amount of patience.忍耐無疑是最重要的特性的一個(gè)特殊教育的老師。與普通教師,特殊教育教師與學(xué)生工作可能不會(huì)很快理解概念。事實(shí)上,根據(jù)學(xué)生的需要,特殊教育的老師可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本人重復(fù)相同的簡(jiǎn)單的概念反反復(fù)復(fù)的前學(xué)生開始理解。除了這種重復(fù),特殊教育的老師可能需要打破看似簡(jiǎn)單的概念分解成可管理的部分,為他的學(xué)生,這可能會(huì)花費(fèi)大量的耐心。

6They also may react to what's going on around them in unusual ways.Normal sounds may really bother someone with autism — so much so that the person covers his or her ears.Being touched, even in a gentle way, may feel uncomfortable.他們也可能對(duì)他們周圍發(fā)生了什么不同尋常的。正常的聲音可能真的煩自閉癥患者——以至于人覆蓋他或她的耳朵。被感動(dòng),即使在一個(gè)溫和的方式,可能會(huì)感到不舒服。

7Kids with autism often can't make connections that other kids make easily.For example, when someone smiles, you know the smiling person is happy or being friendly.But a kid with autism may have trouble connecting that smile with the person's happy feelings.閉癥兒童往往不能使連接,其他孩子使容易。例如,當(dāng)別人微笑,你知道了微笑的人是快樂或友善。但一個(gè)患自閉癥的孩子可能無法連接,微笑與人的快樂的感覺。

8A kid who has autism also has trouble linking words to their meanings.Imagine trying to understand what your mom is saying if you didn't know what her words really mean.It is doubly frustrating then if a kid can't come up with the right words to express his or her own thoughts.一個(gè)孩子患有自閉癥的也有麻煩連接詞含義。想像一下你媽媽明白說如果你不知道她的話真正的意思。它更是令人沮喪的然后如果一個(gè)孩子不能想出合適的詞語來表達(dá)自己的想法。8Autism causes kids to act in unusual ways.They might flap 拍打their hands, say certain words over and over, have temper tantrums發(fā)怒, or play only with one particular toy.Most kids with autism don't like changes in routines.They like to stay on a schedule that is always the same.They also may insist that their toys or other objects be arranged a certain way and get upset if these items are moved or disturbed.孤獨(dú)癥造成孩子以不尋常的方式采取行動(dòng)。他們可能皮瓣拍打他們的手,說某些單詞,有發(fā)脾氣發(fā)怒,或者只有一個(gè)特定的玩具玩。大多數(shù)自閉癥兒童不喜歡

變化在例程。他們喜歡呆在一個(gè)時(shí)間表,總是相同的。他們還可能會(huì)堅(jiān)持他們的玩具或其他對(duì)象是安排一個(gè)特定的方式,如果這些產(chǎn)品是生氣移動(dòng)或干擾。

9Not seem to listen when spoken to.Daydream, become easily confused, and move slowly。Have difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as others(90)。Struggle to follow instructions.85。Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may: 似乎聽的時(shí)候才說話。做白日夢(mèng),變得容易混淆,慢慢地移動(dòng)。有困難準(zhǔn)確而快速地處理信息和其他人(90)。努力遵循instructions.85。癥癥狀可能: 10孩子們的多動(dòng)Fidget 煩躁 and squirm蠕動(dòng) in their seats Talk nonstop。touching or playing with anything and everything in sight。Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school, and story time。Be constantly堅(jiān)持不懈地 in motion動(dòng)作。Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities.Children who have symptoms of impulsivity may: 孩子們的多動(dòng)煩躁煩躁,在座位上扭動(dòng)蠕動(dòng)。聊個(gè)不停。碰或玩什么,眼前的一切。有麻煩靜坐晚餐期間,學(xué)校,和故事時(shí)間嗎。被不斷地堅(jiān)持不懈地在運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作。有困難的任務(wù)或活動(dòng)做安靜。兒童癥狀的沖動(dòng)可能: 11Be very impatient。Blurt out 未加思索地沖口說出inappropriate comments。Show their emotions without restraint克制。Act without regard for consequences。Have difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in game。sOften interrupt conversations or others' activities.很不耐煩，脫口而出未加思索地沖口說出不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)論。表現(xiàn)自己的情緒毫無節(jié)制克制。不顧后果的行為。有困難等待他們想要的東西或者等待他們的將在游戲。經(jīng)常中斷談話或別人的活動(dòng)。12if a child: Is experiencing undetected seizures that could be associated with other medical conditions Has a middle ear infection that is causing hearing problems Has any undetected hearing or vision problems Has any medical problems that affect thinking and behavior Has any learning disabilities 是否一個(gè)孩子: 正在經(jīng)歷未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)作可能伴隨其他疾病嗎 有一個(gè)中耳炎感染導(dǎo)致聽力的問題 有任何未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的聽力和視力問題嗎 沒有任何醫(yī)學(xué)問題,會(huì)影響思維和行為嗎 有學(xué)習(xí)障礙

13Has anxiety or depression, or other psychiatric problems that might cause ADHD-like symptoms Has been affected by a significant and sudden change, such as the death of a family member, a divorce, or parent's job loss.有焦慮或抑郁,或其它精神問題可能導(dǎo)致多動(dòng)癥像癥狀嗎

一直受到重大和突然的變化,比如一個(gè)家人的死去,離婚,或者父母的失業(yè)。

13A specialist will also check school and medical records for clues, to see if the child's home or school settings appear unusually stressful or disrupted, and gather information from the child's parents and teachers.Coaches, babysitters, and other adults who know the child well also may be consulted.一個(gè)專家還將檢查學(xué)校和醫(yī)療記錄為線索,看看孩子的家里或者學(xué)校設(shè)置出現(xiàn)異常壓力或中斷,并收集信息從孩子的父母和老師。教練、保姆和其他成年人知道孩子好也可以咨詢。

14The specialist also will ask: 1.Are the behaviors excessive and long-term, and do they affect all aspects of the child's life? 2.Do they happen more often in this child compared with the child's peers? 3.Are the behaviors a continuous problem or a response to a temporary situation? 4.Do the behaviors occur in several settings or only in one place, such as the playground, classroom, or home? 專家還會(huì)問: 1。是行為過度和長期,他們影響所有方面的孩子的生命嗎? 2。他們發(fā)生在這個(gè)孩子更經(jīng)常與孩子的同齡人相比? 3。是一個(gè)連續(xù)的行為問題或一個(gè)響應(yīng)一個(gè)臨時(shí)的情況嗎? 4。做行為發(fā)生在幾個(gè)設(shè)置或只在一個(gè)地方,比如操場(chǎng),教室,或在家嗎? 15The specialist pays close attention to the child's behavior during different situations.Some situations are highly structured, some have less structure.Others would require the child to keep paying attention.Most children with ADHD are better able to control their behaviors in situations where they are getting individual attention and when they are free to focus on enjoyable activities.These types of situations are less important in the assessment.A child also may be evaluated to see how he or she acts in social situations, and may be given tests of intellectual ability and academic achievement to see if he or she has a learning disability.Finally, if after gathering all this information the child meets the criteria for ADHD, he or she will be diagnosed with the disorder.專家密切關(guān)注孩子的行為在不同的情況。有些情況是高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的,一些有更少的結(jié)構(gòu)。其他人將要求孩子保持關(guān)注。大多數(shù)兒童多動(dòng)癥的能更好地控制他們的行為,在這種情況下,他們?cè)絹碓疥P(guān)注和當(dāng)他們是免費(fèi)的把注意力放在令人愉快的活動(dòng)。這些類型的情況下是不太重要的評(píng)估。一個(gè)孩子也可能會(huì)被評(píng)估,看看他或她的行為在社交場(chǎng)合,可以通過測(cè)試的知識(shí)能力和學(xué)術(shù)成就,看看他或她有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。

最后,如果在收集所有這些信息符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的孩子多動(dòng)癥,他或她將被診斷為這種疾病。

第五篇：專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

教參選擇：

以下幾本資料中選一本看就可以.1、金融英語閱讀教程 ２、商務(wù)英語閱讀 ３、西方報(bào)刊文摘選讀 ４、《英語文摘》雜志

5.Economist(08年的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合的專業(yè)英語就是出自這個(gè)雜志上其中最重要的是Economist，每年都有原文！

復(fù)習(xí)建議：

07年教育部發(fā)文，要求各院校經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)一級(jí)學(xué)科下所有專業(yè)合卷命題，也就是所有的“濟(jì)學(xué)”、金融學(xué)、貿(mào)易學(xué)等都必須用一份專業(yè)課試卷，于是貿(mào)大從業(yè)統(tǒng)一初試考815經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合。

和改革之前的慣例一樣，815院和金融學(xué)院一直使用的三大段經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章英漢翻譯，下大家對(duì)于這部分題目的評(píng)價(jià)。們可以通過整理歷年的試題（主要參考經(jīng)貿(mào)和金融）文章加一起大概會(huì)有多少句子讓自己惡心，難度和努力的方向就有一個(gè)比較明確的把握了。我記得當(dāng)時(shí)自己做的整理結(jié)論好像是需要80分鐘左右才能夠保證正常做完。但上了考場(chǎng)是不是能夠冷靜的分配時(shí)間就看個(gè)人的臨場(chǎng)狀態(tài)和魄力了。

至于專業(yè)英語的復(fù)習(xí)，建議主要參考是考的題型很單純，只是翻譯而已。另外，每年的三個(gè)選題（以經(jīng)貿(mào)學(xué)院歷年試題為準(zhǔn)）的那篇。相比選自原版經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科教材和國外金融機(jī)構(gòu)的報(bào)告、文章的語言顯然會(huì)更隨意一點(diǎn)，難度也會(huì)更大些。所以我覺得主攻方向當(dāng)然就是閱讀外刊。至于為什么是Economist，而不是果你家訂了Times你就沒必要看更高一些。這是說選擇復(fù)習(xí)資料的環(huán)節(jié)。

下面提一下怎么用這本書?？佳袕?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間有限，晚上就給看完了，也就不用準(zhǔn)備專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)了?？磧扇恼?，新的一期就到了。也不是為了蒙明年的試題，是為了從中找最地道的模擬試題。文章（經(jīng)濟(jì)金融的熱點(diǎn)問題評(píng)論）還是一周只讀一本雜志中的三五篇文章，,一定要重視)08年開始，所有經(jīng)濟(jì)類專 分值分別是20+20+10=50。其次是題量會(huì)很大，以上兩點(diǎn)同學(xué)來做出自己的評(píng)價(jià)，第一統(tǒng)計(jì)一下三篇第二每年的平均長度是多少詞。這樣對(duì)于試題的Economist，適當(dāng)參考一些專門的經(jīng)濟(jì)英語教材。理由專業(yè)英語教材上問答、完型都有，感覺針對(duì)性不是很強(qiáng)。中最難的一段也就是外刊上直接剽下來公文之類的文章，報(bào)紙雜志上Times和NewsWeek，第一是Economist比較好找，Economist了；第二是Economist上的文章進(jìn)入選題的頻率 這雜志一周一期，我覺得誰要是能三兩個(gè)所以大部分同學(xué)應(yīng)該是老的一期拿到手沒其實(shí)要明確的是，你看這個(gè)雜志，不是為了緊跟時(shí)代潮流，所以更重要的是選對(duì)你要讀的，和確定你需要練筆的頻率。至于是一個(gè)月讀完一本雜志，我覺得問題都不大。其實(shí)這個(gè)雜志的裝幀和文字都

**經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合的最后一大題仍然是專業(yè)英語測(cè)試，題型是經(jīng)貿(mào)學(xué)先總結(jié)一首先是會(huì)有些文章很難。就像如

很漂亮，初看確實(shí)有點(diǎn)愛不釋手的感覺。但一定要了解，這是在訓(xùn)練閱讀理解和翻譯的水平，不是為看雜志而看雜志。因此制定自己的計(jì)劃最重要。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，如果你是每周都想看新雜志的那一類，雜志拿到手，首先瀏覽全書，從中挑出熱點(diǎn)或者深入分析且篇幅和難度都適中的文章，五篇，然后粘到word里，格式，行距，然后把雜志刪掉，把word打印出來，這一周的訓(xùn)練就都在紙上了。一天或者兩天做一篇，無論是精讀，泛讀，查單詞，還是做翻譯實(shí)戰(zhàn)，精力和目標(biāo)都會(huì)更集中一點(diǎn)，也免得自己天天開電腦。

研友經(jīng)驗(yàn)談選摘：

怎么也沒有想到，自己一向英語不錯(cuò)，去年卻栽到經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)英語上，今年奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，臥薪嘗膽，特將自我感覺的經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)英語特點(diǎn)公布如下：

一，題量大。要不停地寫，不能停下來分析句子，否則就做不完，因此平時(shí)訓(xùn)練翻譯的反應(yīng)能力很重要。

二，多數(shù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜，但不排除個(gè)別句子有一定難度，猛一看整篇文章難度不如公共英語翻譯部分，但真的動(dòng)手一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)做，并不容易。

三，大多數(shù)單詞并不生僻，但總有幾個(gè)專業(yè)詞匯點(diǎn)綴其中，甚至非常生僻，能不能翻好這幾個(gè)專業(yè)詞是整篇文章得分的關(guān)鍵，如果關(guān)鍵詞錯(cuò)了，別的翻譯的再好，也可能扣成零分。

四，文章性質(zhì)參差，有一般題材的內(nèi)容，通常難度不大；但一定會(huì)有專業(yè)題材的文章，如果涉及到這類題材的文章，專業(yè)化程度很高，有點(diǎn)類似科普文章的性質(zhì)，所不同的是，說明的對(duì)象與真正的科普文章不同罷了。

通過以上分析可以看出，要想在經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)英語上取得高分，關(guān)鍵有二，一是平常做練習(xí)時(shí)，要有意識(shí)擴(kuò)大專業(yè)詞匯量，二是不要求翻譯出來的文章多漂亮，只要在保持速度的同時(shí)不出偏差即可。

一家之見，僅供參考。