第一篇：英美文學(xué)后面幾個(gè)人物簡介

丹尼爾·笛福Daniel Defoe 英國作家，英國啟蒙時(shí)期現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的奠基人，被譽(yù)為“小說之父”。其代表作《魯濱遜漂流記》Robinson Crusoe聞名于世，魯濱遜也成為與困難抗?fàn)幍牡湫湍７?，因此他被視作英國小說的開創(chuàng)者之一。繼《魯濱孫漂流記》后，又寫了許多小說，比較有名的有：《辛格頓船長》、Captain Singleton 《摩爾 弗蘭德斯》、Moll Flanders 《羅克查娜》Colonel Jack and Roxana.、《倫敦大疫記》、《一個(gè)騎士的回憶錄》等。但他終生沒有混入當(dāng)時(shí)有名的文人圈子里。這些文人出身的社會(huì)地位比他高。他一生窮困，臨死前為了避債不得不離家藏起來。

奧利弗·哥德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith 十八世紀(jì)著名的英國劇作家。不論是詩歌、小說、文章還是劇本，哥德史密的寫作格風(fēng)格均是以嘻笑怒罵的形式，藉以諷刺時(shí)弊。他最著名的兩出喜劇是《善性之人》(The Good-Natuser Man, 1768)及 《屈身求愛》(She Stoops to Conquer, 1773)，他的戲劇以莎士比亞鬧劇式的傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，企圖重建他所謂的「暢笑」喜劇(“l(fā)aughing” comedy)，致力打破當(dāng)時(shí)英國舞臺(tái)盛行的感傷主義，以提高公眾的品味。哥德史密斯於1774年在倫敦去世，后人均會(huì)把他跟另一位著名英國喜劇家謝雷登(Richard Brinsley Sheridan)相提并論。其他作品有（The Vicar of Wakefield）（The Deserted Village)(The Traveller)(The Good-Naturd Man and She Stoops to Conquer)(The History of Little Two-Shoes)(The Citizen of the world)

簡·奧斯汀Jane Austen 19世紀(jì)英國小說家，世界文學(xué)史上最具影響力的女性文學(xué)家之一，其最著名的作品是《傲慢與偏見》和《理智與情感》，以細(xì)致入微的觀察和活潑風(fēng)趣的文字著稱。奧斯汀的小說出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)初葉，一掃風(fēng)行一時(shí)的假浪漫主義潮流，繼承和發(fā)展了英國18世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)，為19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的高潮做了準(zhǔn)備，起到了承上啟下的重要作用。因此被譽(yù)為“地位可與莎士比亞平起平坐的文豪”，“女性中最完美的藝術(shù)家”。她的六部小說《理智與感傷》(Sense and Sensibility)、《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice)、《曼斯斐爾德花園》(Mansfield Park)、《愛瑪》(Emma)及作者逝世以后出版的《諾桑覺修道院》(Northanger Abbey)和《勸導(dǎo)》(Persuasion)

瓦爾特·司各特Walter Scott 殘疾少年.生于愛丁堡的蘇格蘭古老家族.桂冠詩人1799年被任命為塞爾扣克郡副郡長。1802至1803年，他搜集整理的 3卷《蘇格蘭邊區(qū)歌謠集》出版.1808年，長詩《瑪密恩》出版。其他詩集作品有《湖上夫人》《特里亞明的婚禮》、《島嶼的領(lǐng)主》《無畏的哈羅爾德》。小說巨匠，優(yōu)秀的除《威弗利》外，還有《清教徒》（1816）、《羅布·羅伊》(1817)和《米德洛西恩的監(jiān)獄》(1818)《羅布·羅伊》等。最為著名的是《艾凡赫》（1819）和《昆丁·達(dá)沃德》（1823）。司各特的創(chuàng)作對(duì)歐洲歷史小說起了開創(chuàng)作用，被尊為歷史小說的創(chuàng)始人（如俄國評(píng)論家別林斯基把司各特看作“歷史小說之父”）。英國的狄更斯、斯蒂文森，法國的雨果、巴爾扎克、大仲馬，俄國的普希金，意大利的曼佐尼，美國的庫柏等著名作家都曾受到司各特的深刻影響。其中美國的庫柏有“美國司各特”之稱。

查爾斯·約翰·赫芬姆·狄更斯Charles John Huffam Dickens 十九世紀(jì)英國最偉大的作家，也是一位以反映現(xiàn)實(shí)生活見長的作家，他在自己的作品中，以高超的藝術(shù)手法，描繪了包羅萬象的社會(huì)圖景，作品一貫表現(xiàn)出揭露和批判的鋒芒，貫徹懲惡揚(yáng)善的人道主義精神，塑造出眾多令人難忘的人物形象。主要作品有《匹克威克外傳》、（Pickwick Papers)《霧都孤兒》(Oliver Twist)、《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)、《艱難時(shí)世》(hard times)、《我們共同的朋友》（our mutual friend）等。一百多年來他的代表作《雙城記》（A Tale of Two Cities）在全世界盛行不衰，深受廣大讀者的歡迎。1870年6月9日狄更斯因腦溢血與世長辭。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特charlotte bronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte，1816-1855），英國小說家，生于貧苦的牧師家庭，曾在寄宿學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，后任教師和家庭教師。1847年，夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版著名的長篇小說《簡·愛》，轟動(dòng)文壇。1848年秋到1849年她的弟弟和兩個(gè)妹妹相繼去世。在死亡的陰影和困惑下，她堅(jiān)持完成了《謝利》一書，寄托了她對(duì)妹妹艾米莉的哀思，并描寫了英國早期自發(fā)的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)。她另有作品《維萊特》（1853）和《教師》（1857），這兩部作品均根據(jù)其本人生活經(jīng)歷寫成。夏洛蒂·勃朗特善于以抒情的筆法描寫自然景物，作品具有濃厚的感情色彩。注：《教師》一書在她死后才出版，（）內(nèi)的時(shí)間為出版時(shí)間。大約在1857年左右.作品小說1847年：代表作《簡·愛》（Jane Eyre）1849年：《雪莉》（Shirley）1853年：《維萊特》（Villette）1857年：《教師》（The Professor），創(chuàng)作于《簡·愛》之前，不過因?yàn)樵S多出版社拒絕出版，所以直到夏洛蒂死后才出版。詩歌《from Retrospection》：創(chuàng)作于1835年，1846年：《庫瑞爾、艾利斯與阿克頓·貝爾的詩集》（Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell）

Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特

艾米莉·勃朗特，19世紀(jì)英國小說家、詩人，英國文學(xué)史上著名的“勃朗特三姐妹”之一。這位女作家在世界上僅僅度過了三十年便默默無聞地離開了人間，然而她唯一的一部小說《呼嘯山莊》(Wuthering Heights)卻奠定了她在英國文學(xué)史以及世界文學(xué)史上的地位。此外，她還創(chuàng)作了193首詩，被認(rèn)為是英國一位天才型的女作家。艾米莉曾被譽(yù)為19世紀(jì)22位杰出詩人之一，代表作品有《老禁欲主義者》，《紀(jì)念品》、《囚徒》，《晚風(fēng)》等。

Thomas Hardy托馬斯·哈代

托馬斯·哈代，英國詩人、小說家。他是橫跨兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的作家，早期和中期的創(chuàng)作以小說為主，繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)了維多利亞時(shí)代的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)；晚年以其出色的詩歌開拓了英國20世紀(jì)的文學(xué)。哈代一生共發(fā)表了近20部長篇小說，其中最著名的當(dāng)推《德伯家的苔絲》（Tess of the D'Urbervilles）（1891）是他最優(yōu)秀的小說，《無名的裘德》（Jude the Obscure）、《還鄉(xiāng)》（The Return of the Native），和《卡斯特橋市長》。詩8集，共918首，此外，還有許多以“威塞克斯故事”為總名的中短篇小說，以及長篇史詩劇《列王》。代表作品有 《韋塞克斯詩集》，《早期與晚期抒情詩》，《德伯家的苔絲》。

1867年因健康問題返回故鄉(xiāng)。最初寫作詩歌，后因無緣發(fā)表，改事小說創(chuàng)作。成名作是他的第四部小說《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》（Far from the Madding Crowd）（1874）。從此，他放棄建筑職業(yè)，致力于小說創(chuàng)作。1867-1868年完成第一部小說《窮人與貴婦》（The Poor Man and the Lady），但未能出版。首次發(fā)表的小說是《計(jì)出無奈》(Desperate Remedies)（1871）。接著發(fā)表《綠林蔭下》（Under the Greenwood Tree）（1872）、《一雙湛藍(lán)的眼睛》（A Pair of Blue Eyes）（1873），開始了以威塞克斯（Wessex）為背景的一系列鄉(xiāng)土小說的寫作.

第二篇：英美文學(xué)重要人物及其作品

英美文學(xué)重要人物及其作品

一、William Shakespeare（莎士比亞）

（1）四大悲劇（Tragedies or dark comedies）

《哈姆雷特》：《 Hamlet 》

《奧賽羅》：《 Othello 》

《李爾王》：《 King Lear 》

《麥克白》：《 Macbeth 》

《羅密歐與朱麗葉》：《Romeo and Juliet 》

問題1：The first of the great tragedies is《 Hamlet 》，is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage , for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.第一個(gè)偉大的悲劇《哈姆雷特》，一般被認(rèn)為是莎士比亞最受歡迎的舞臺(tái)劇，因?yàn)樗心芰Φ摹癰lood-and-thunder“驚悚片、哲學(xué)探索的生活和死亡。

問題2：The successful romantic tragedy is 《Romeo and Juliet 》，which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.成功的浪漫的悲劇《羅密歐與朱麗葉》，頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞的精神和追求幸福。

（2）喜?。╟omedies）

《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》：《 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 》

《威尼斯商人》：《 The Merchant of Venice 》

《第十二夜》：《 Twelfth Night 》

《皆大歡喜》：《 As you like it 》

問題1：The most important play among the comedies is《 The Merchant of Venice 》,in which Shakespeare has created tension ,ambiguity , a self-conscious and self-delighting artifice that is at once intellectually exciting and emotionally engaging.最重要的是喜劇《威尼斯商人》中,莎士比亞創(chuàng)造了張力、歧義、自覺self-delighting手腕,和一次激動(dòng)人心的、情緒智力從事。

（3）歷史?。╤istory plays）

《亨利四世》《Henry IV 》…..《亨利五世》《Henry V 》….《查理二世》《 Richard II 》….《約翰王》《 King John 》

補(bǔ)充：傳奇劇《暴風(fēng)雨》The Tempest , an elaborate and fantastic story , is known as the best of his final romances.《暴風(fēng)雨》一個(gè)精致的和奇妙的故事,就是我們所知道的最好的他最后的戀情

The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.《暴風(fēng)雨》是一個(gè)典型的例子，在晚年生活他對(duì)人生和社會(huì)的悲觀看法。

第三篇：英美文學(xué)

A summery of first two lessons

From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:

The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.

第四篇：英美文學(xué)

severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils

of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love

Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists

Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)

?One of the “University wits”

?The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare

?His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)

Doctor Faustus(1604)

Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:

----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);

---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)

---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)

?Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus

Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;

Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for

power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.?Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:

The fall of Adam and Eve

William Shakespeare

He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)

---Comedies in the four periods

---Tragedies in the four periods

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:

---Othello: a capable general in Venice

---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl

---Iago: one of the officers under Othello

Reasons for the tragedy:

jealousy

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:

---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch

---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband

---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth

Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:

---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters

---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him

---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most

Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment

Hamlet

Leading characters:

?Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark

?King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost

?Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King

?Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark.? Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier

?Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son

Hamlet

Act 1:

Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of

horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:

To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:

The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:

The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:

With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.

第五篇：英美文學(xué)。

一、殖民主義時(shí)期The Literature of Colonial America

1．船長約翰?史密斯Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亞墾荒以來發(fā)生的各種事件的真實(shí)介紹》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亞地圖，附：一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村的描述》

“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亞通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉?布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop

《普利茅斯開發(fā)歷史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．約翰?溫思羅普J(rèn)ohn Winthrop

《新英格蘭歷史》“The History of New England”

4．羅杰?威廉姆斯Roger Williams

《開啟美國語言的鑰匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格蘭部分土著居民語言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮?布萊德斯特Anne Bradstreet

《在美洲誕生的第十個(gè)謬斯》

”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二、理性和革命時(shí)期文學(xué) The Literature of Reason and Revolution

1。本杰明?富蘭克林Benjamin Franklin

※《自傳》“ The Autobiography ”

《窮人理查德的年鑒》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”

2。托馬斯?佩因Thomas Paine

※《美國危機(jī)》“The American Crisis”

《收稅官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”

《常識(shí)》“Common Sense”

《人權(quán)》“Rights of Man”

《理性的時(shí)代》“The Age of Reason”

《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”

3。托馬斯?杰弗遜Thomas Jefferson

※《獨(dú)立宣言》

4。菲利浦?弗瑞諾Philip Freneau

※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”

※《印第安人的墳地》“The Indian Burying Ground”

※《致凱提?迪德》“To a Caty-Did”

《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”

《夜屋》“The House of Night”

《英國囚船》“The British Prison Ship”

《戰(zhàn)爭后期弗瑞諾主要詩歌集》

“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”

《札記》“Miscellaneous Works”