第一篇：六級(jí)翻譯講義(14.04.21版) 2

CET-6翻譯（卷面分值15%）

“乍看極是繁瑣，久之純熟貫通，綱舉目張，有自然省力之處”

——《朱子讀書法 虛心詠涵》

E-mail：liugeng@xdf.cn劉賡

微信：tianxiadi1sha

綜述：

《關(guān)于大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試題型調(diào)整的說明》中，對(duì)翻譯作出如下解釋：“原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國(guó)的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。四級(jí)長(zhǎng)度為140-160個(gè)漢字；六級(jí)長(zhǎng)度為180-200個(gè)漢字。要求譯文準(zhǔn)確、通順、完整?！?/p>

翻譯評(píng)分：

樣題：中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival），即從農(nóng)歷（lunar calendar）最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)（couplets），對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探訪親友等。

參考譯文：Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar,to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good

luck.Other

activities

include

lighting firecrackers,giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.課后建議閱讀：

練習(xí)：《14天完美攻克四六級(jí)新題型之漢譯英》張曦 詞匯：《英語筆譯常用詞語應(yīng)試手冊(cè)》盧敏 英語語法：《語法新思維》張滿勝

漢語語法：王力《中國(guó)現(xiàn)代語法》；呂叔湘《語法修辭講話》

二、詞匯的翻譯

1、詞匯的曲解翻譯

●13.06相傳，茶是一位中國(guó)帝王： A:it is said that B:according to the legend

●13.06 ……用來治?。?A:cure the illsick B:cure the patient ●手機(jī)刷新了人與人之間的關(guān)系： A:refresh

B:change

●顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)： A:taste B:flavor

●精心準(zhǔn)備的食物：

A:prepare B:cook、make ●特意給您設(shè)宴洗塵：

A:wash the dust B:for welcoming

2、詞匯的臃腫翻譯

例：“就我個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)而言，我們必須以一種謹(jǐn)慎的方式來聽取和思考每一個(gè)提給我們的建議”

A：In my personal opinion,we must listen to and think over in a punctilious way each and every suggestion that is offered to us.B：In my opinion,we must consider every suggestion carefully(1)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)

●當(dāng)前，全世界都在關(guān)注我國(guó)的改革。A:At presentNowadays，…… B:The whole world is watching…… ●未來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于……

A;In the future,the development of economy will depend on…… B:the development of economy will depend on……(2)數(shù)的表達(dá)

●我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取一系列措施…… A:we should adopt a series of measures B:we should adopt measures ●各種問題

A:a variety of problems B:problems(3)動(dòng)詞重復(fù)

●我穿了一件大衣、戴了一個(gè)帽子、系了一條圍巾。

I wear a coat,a hat and a scarf.●烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)

Cooking is seemed not only as a skill,but also as an art.●教育要面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來

The education should be oriented to the modernization,to the world and to the future.●飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但是直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美。

Drinking tea was spread to Japan in 16th century,but to Europe and America in 18th century.(4)提取具體動(dòng)詞

●申請(qǐng)；提出申請(qǐng)

apply;submit an application of ●改變；對(duì)……加以改變 change；bring about a change ●改善；對(duì)……加以改善 improve;make an improvement of ●到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受 obtain the enjoyment of culture；enjoy the culture(5)省略修飾語

●珍貴的財(cái)富

(valuable)treasure ●經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

(economically)developed countries ●建設(shè)最后完工后(final)completion of construction ●外國(guó)進(jìn)口汽車

imports of(foreign)cars

(5)范疇詞

●藝術(shù)形式 the form of art art ●居家環(huán)境 the environment of home home ●經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域 the sphere of the economy economy ●訂票業(yè)務(wù) the business of booking booking ●合作關(guān)系 relationship of cooperation cooperation

三、句子的翻譯

1、句子的基本構(gòu)成

●語序：

●事實(shí)與評(píng)論的關(guān)系：

2、句子翻譯的基本步驟

●我進(jìn)去看了，只記得門警是瑞士兵士，穿著黃色的制服。

●一架飛機(jī)從昆明起飛載著我們飛越了崇山峻嶺來到了北京。

3、練習(xí)

●1998年是聯(lián)合國(guó)確定的國(guó)際海洋年，中國(guó)政府愿借此機(jī)會(huì)介紹中國(guó)海洋事業(yè)發(fā)展的情況。

●中國(guó)有12億多人口，陸地自然資源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。

●絲綢之路的歷史可以追溯到公元前2世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)一名官員、朝廷的使者張騫沿著這條連接歐亞兩大陸的貿(mào)易通道出使西域。

●它起源于長(zhǎng)安（即今天的西安），一路穿越陜西省等地區(qū)，最終抵達(dá)地中海東岸。

●因此，戰(zhàn)后，英國(guó)包括其他西方國(guó)家，包括法國(guó)、德國(guó)、俄國(guó)和美國(guó)，還有東方的日本，以不同方式欺凌中國(guó).●中國(guó)選手在洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，摘得金牌15枚、銀牌8枚和銅牌9枚，共32枚獎(jiǎng)牌。

●國(guó)際奧委會(huì)在日本召開會(huì)議，宣布恢復(fù)中國(guó)在國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的席位。

●北洋軍閥政府出動(dòng)軍警，捕去學(xué)生三十多人。

●隨著中國(guó)功夫的發(fā)展，產(chǎn)生了中國(guó)人的俠義精神。

四、段落的翻譯

一、杭州是中國(guó)著名的六大古都之一，已有兩千多年的歷史。這個(gè)城市不僅以自然美聞名于世，而且有著傳統(tǒng)的文化魅力。不僅有歷代文人墨客的題詠，而且有著豐富的美味佳肴。一般來說，游覽杭州西湖花上兩天時(shí)間較為合適。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。

二、北京有無數(shù)的胡同（hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同都被新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿可以保留下來。

三、公元前551年，在今天的山東省曲阜誕生了中國(guó)古代著名的教育家孔子（Confucius）?？鬃拥募依锖芨F，但是他從小就發(fā)奮讀書，刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。20多歲的時(shí)候，做了個(gè)小官。他很有學(xué)問，辦事認(rèn)真，工作出色，30歲左右就已經(jīng)很出名了?？鬃拥竭^很多諸侯國(guó)家（principalities），想為各國(guó)君王效力，但是他們都不接受他的政治主張。于是，孔子改變了心意，決定用自己全部精力來辦學(xué)，這使他開創(chuàng)了中國(guó)教育史上的私人講學(xué)事業(yè)。

四、中國(guó)人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收，這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似，過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗與唐代早期在中國(guó)各地開始流行，中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日，這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團(tuán)聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日，月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美食，人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈(zèng)親友或在家庭聚會(huì)上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字樣。

五、中國(guó)園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演化而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀。它既包括為皇室成員享樂的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的調(diào)和關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國(guó)園林周圍有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由彎曲的下路和走廊銜接的建筑。散步在花園中，人們可以看到一些列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀猶如山水畫卷一般展示在面前

五、中西方文化差異

1、可是我從頭到腳淋成了落湯雞。

2、長(zhǎng)相好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹。

3、解放后，我在我們自己的劇團(tuán)，中國(guó)評(píng)劇院工作了。

4、我外祖父固然在風(fēng)華正茂之年就去世了，當(dāng)時(shí)他只有六十八歲。但是我的祖父、祖母和外祖母都活到了八十歲以上。

第二篇：六級(jí)翻譯

(一）《孫子兵法》（The Art of War）是中國(guó)古代最重要的一部軍事著作之一，是我國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化重要組成部分。孫子（Sun Tzu），即該書作者，在書中揭示的一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，不僅受到軍事家們的推崇，還在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)，人生追求甚至家庭關(guān)系等諸多方面，均有廣泛的指導(dǎo)作用。《孫子兵法》中許多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意義深遠(yuǎn)，在國(guó)內(nèi)外廣為流傳。如今《孫子兵法》中的語言，在世界軍事史上具有重要地位。

譯點(diǎn)精析：

1、普遍意義的——universal，軍事規(guī)律——military laws

2、具有廣泛的指導(dǎo)作用——play an extensive guiding role.“廣泛的”還可以翻譯為far-reaching或broad

3、人生追求——the pursuit of life

4、名言警句——famous sayings and epigrams5、意義深遠(yuǎn)——have profound meanings

6、廣為流傳—— be widely circulated?！绷鱾鳌斑€可用spread表示

參考譯文：The Are of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works,and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China.Sun Tzu,The author of the book,revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy,art of leadership,the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous sayings and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.（二）太極（Tai Chi）是中國(guó)文化史上的一個(gè)重要概念。太極拳（traditional Chinese shadow boxing）包含一系列緩慢的動(dòng)作，旨在修煉身心。它是一種舞蹈卻不需要隨音樂起舞，你只需聆聽內(nèi)心的節(jié)奏。太極拳是中國(guó)武術(shù)（martial art）的一種，他創(chuàng)自數(shù)千年前，原本是一種自衛(wèi)的技藝。全世界成千上萬人練習(xí)它，主要是由于它對(duì)人類健康的神奇作用。因?yàn)樗麑⑸眢w動(dòng)作，平靜、冥想（meditative）心境結(jié)合起來，所以他長(zhǎng)被稱作“冥想運(yùn)動(dòng)（meditation in motion）”。

【譯點(diǎn)精析】

修煉身心——physical and spiritual practice或者physical and mental practice。

不需要音樂起舞——dot no need to dance to music,其中dance...to固定表達(dá)，隨著...起舞

一種自衛(wèi)技藝——a self-defensive skill,defensive 譯為防御的，防衛(wèi)的。

它對(duì)人類健康的神奇作用——its miraculous effects on human’s health

將身體動(dòng)作，平靜、冥想（meditative）心境結(jié)合起來——combines the body’s movements with the calm and meditative state of mind。將...與...結(jié)合起來可譯為combine...with...state of mind心境

【參考譯文】

Tai Chi is a significant notion in Chinese cultural history.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing includes a series of slow movements aiming at the physical and spiritual practice.It is a kind of dance but you do not need to dance to music.You just need to listen to the rhythm of your heart.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing is a kind of Chinese martial art.It was created thousands of years ago and originally used as a selfdefensive skill.It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human’s health.It is often called “meditation in motion”because it combines the body’s movement-s with the calm and meditative state of mind.（三）電子書（e-book）通常指數(shù)字化出版物，它可以包含文字、圖片、聲音、影像或幾者兼有?，F(xiàn)在人們經(jīng)常使用智能手機(jī)（smartphone）、平板電腦（tablet）或者專門為電子書制造的電子閱讀器來閱讀電子書。電子書內(nèi)容豐富，便于存儲(chǔ)，而且價(jià)格低廉，有助于閱讀的普及。從傳統(tǒng)意義上講，電子書是紙質(zhì)書的電子化，但現(xiàn)在許多電子書并沒有紙質(zhì)的對(duì)應(yīng)物。電子書以數(shù)字形式存儲(chǔ)，因此人們隨時(shí)都可以閱讀。2012年，美國(guó)電子書的銷量首次超過精裝書（handcover book）。

[譯點(diǎn)精析]

1、數(shù)字化譯為digitized，而不是digital，是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作概念。

2、專門為...制造譯為specially made for...3、閱讀的普及：the popularity of reading

4、版本的英文表達(dá)version，紙質(zhì)書譯為printed books

5、紙質(zhì)的對(duì)應(yīng)物：”對(duì)應(yīng)物“可譯為equivalent

6、超過：可用surpassed表示，還可以用exceed表示 沖刺備考建議

首先，在進(jìn)行翻譯練習(xí)時(shí)，盡量力求翻譯答案多樣化，特別化。常用的簡(jiǎn)單的表達(dá)方式盡量不要用了，選擇一些不常用的復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式會(huì)讓我們的翻譯內(nèi)容顯得更有水平。

其次，掌握重點(diǎn)核心表達(dá)，多背搭配，同時(shí)利用經(jīng)典搭配多造句子，完善語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣不僅可以擴(kuò)展思維、開闊思路，同時(shí)可以提高自己的寫作水平。

最后，分析歷年真題，強(qiáng)化重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)。如倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。

翻譯原文：E-books generally refer to digitized publications.They can include words,pictures,sounds,images,or a combination of two or more.Now people often read e-books with smartphones,tablets,or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books.E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store.Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading.E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books.but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent.E-books are stored digitally,so they can be read at any time.In 2012,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.（四）孔子是中國(guó)著名的思想家，教育家，以及儒教（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)立者。他的學(xué)說深刻影響了中國(guó)兩千多年的歷史?？鬃右蚱湔軐W(xué)家思想而著名，他在當(dāng)時(shí)說過很多著名的言論。這些言論幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)自然，世界和人類行為。他也幫助過政府和帝王?？鬃咏趟麄?nèi)绾纬晒芾碜约旱耐鯂?guó)?？鬃拥难哉撝饕珍浽凇犊鬃诱撜Z》（Analects of Confucius）一書中。它們反映了孔子政治和道德觀。

Confucius is a famous ancient Chinese thinker ,educator ,and founder of Confucianism which deeply influences China for more than two years.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China.Those sayings helped people learn about nature ,world ,and human behavior.He also helped the government and the emperor.He taught them lessons on how to rule his kingdom successfully.Confucius's thoughts were mainly collected in the Analects of Confucius.They relects Confucius's thoughts on politics and ethics.解析：

第二句的學(xué)說即是儒教，所以可以用定語從句將其與第一句連接起來。影響可以說influence，have an influence on···

Be famous for=be known for因···而著名。

Teach sb.Sth.教某人某事

（五）京?。≒eking Opera）已有200多年的歷史，是中國(guó)的國(guó)劇。與其他地方戲相比，京劇享有更高的聲譽(yù)，但其實(shí)京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。京劇演員的臉譜（facial make-up）和戲服都很精美，相比之下舞臺(tái)布景則十分簡(jiǎn)單，表演者主要應(yīng)用四種技能：唱、念、做、打。京劇較擅長(zhǎng)于表現(xiàn)歷史題材的政治，軍事斗爭(zhēng)，故事大多取自歷史演義和小說話本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出的，因此演員們形成了一種有穿透力的唱腔，以便每個(gè)人都能聽到。

【譯點(diǎn)精析】

1,享有更高的聲譽(yù)——enjoys a higher reputation

2, 戲服——costume

3,相比之下——by contrast

4,舞臺(tái)布景——backdrop，如果不知道這個(gè)詞，也可以用background。

5,政治軍事斗爭(zhēng)——political and military struggle，斗爭(zhēng)還可譯為battle。

6,在戶外——in the open air或者outdoors。

7,形成可用develop表示，而不用shape或form。”有穿透力的“譯為piercing。唱腔乍看可能不好翻譯，其實(shí)就是歌唱的風(fēng)格，即style of song。

【參考譯文】

Peking Opera,as the national opera of China,has a history of more than 200 years.Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation,but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.The facial make-up and costumes of the performers are very delicate;by contrast,the backdrops are quite plain.During performance,the performers mainly utilize four skills:song,speech,dance,and combat.Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historical themes and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories.In ancient times,Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air,so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.自駕游（self-driving tour）屬于自助旅游的一種類型，是近年來我國(guó)新興的旅游方式，以自由、靈活、富有個(gè)性化等突出特點(diǎn)被旅游者接受和喜愛。自駕游在選擇目的地、參與旅程設(shè)計(jì)和體驗(yàn)自由等方面，給旅游者提供了極大的靈活性，與傳統(tǒng)的參團(tuán)旅游（group tour）相比更具有自身的特點(diǎn)和魅力。隨著自駕旅游者增多，自駕游市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成形，越來越多的旅行社、汽車俱樂部、汽車租賃公司（car rental companies）看好這個(gè)市場(chǎng)，并涉足這一市場(chǎng)的開發(fā)。

【譯點(diǎn)精析】

1、自助旅游——self-help travel/self-service travel

2、新興的旅游方式——a new travel mode/a new way of travel

3、自由、靈活、富有個(gè)性化等突出特點(diǎn)——striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized。striking——顯著的，突出的

4、提供了極大的靈活性——provides travelers with great flexibility5、目的地——target place/destination

6、看好這個(gè)市場(chǎng)，并涉足這一市場(chǎng)的開發(fā)——are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market，其中“看好”——are optimistic about表示“對(duì)...持樂觀態(tài)度”“涉足”——get involved in

【參考譯文】

Self—driving tour,a sort of self—help travel,is a new travel mode in China in recent years.It has won traveler's acceptance and love for its striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized.It provides travelers with great flexibility in selecting target place,participating in devising travel procedures and experiencing freedom,which endows it with its own characteristics and charm compared with traditional group tour.As self—driving tourists increase,self—driving tour market has taken shape.More and more travel agencies,car clubs and car rental companies are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market.頤和園是世界上保存最完整的皇家園林，也是當(dāng)今中國(guó)最大的皇家園林。它坐落于北京西北部的郊區(qū)，占地290公頃，主要由萬壽山和昆明湖構(gòu)成。在1998年12月，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UNESCO)將頤和園列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。該名錄宣稱“頤和園的人工景觀與自然景觀和諧地融為一體，堪稱中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)中的創(chuàng)造性杰作”。

The Summer Palace is regarded as the best-preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern-day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the

palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.In December 1998 , UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared

the Summer Palace an“ outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.”

漢語多重復(fù)，而英語則常常需要避免重復(fù)，因此在翻譯重復(fù)的漢語是，多采用桶詞異譯法，或者采用代詞來進(jìn)行替代。該句中of its kind來翻譯重復(fù)的皇家園林。最后一句，對(duì)原文據(jù)需進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，原文的兩個(gè)分句是因果關(guān)系，而譯文采用了伴隨性定語從句來翻譯。

第三篇：六級(jí)翻譯

時(shí)光的唯一作用就在于它篩出了糟粕，因?yàn)橹挥姓嬲齼?yōu)秀的文學(xué)作品才能存留下來。那些杰出的偉人不會(huì)從這個(gè)世界消失，它們的靈魂保存在書本里，云游四方。書是活的聲音，它所包含的智慧今人依然聆聽。因此，我們依然時(shí)刻受到過去偉人的影響。那些世界巨匠像過去一樣活在人世間。

The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products;for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die from this world.Embalmed in books,their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.The great and the good will be always remembered as time goes by.書籍具有不朽的精神，他們是迄今為止人類所創(chuàng)造持續(xù)最久的產(chǎn)品。宇宙會(huì)損壞，塑像會(huì)頹廢，但是書籍卻能常存人間。對(duì)于思想而言，時(shí)間并不重要，它們今天讓然能同多年前第一次在作者的頭腦中剛剛產(chǎn)生時(shí)那樣鮮活。當(dāng)年的話語和思想如今依然通過書本在向我們生動(dòng)的述說。

Books possess the essence of immortality.They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.The universe can be damaged,temples and statues decay,but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts,which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said an thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.老年為少年之過來人，少年為老年之候補(bǔ)者，老與少，只不過時(shí)間上之差別而已。然中國(guó)習(xí)慣，對(duì)老少之間，往往劃有無形界限。在客觀上，有時(shí)重老而輕少，有時(shí)重少而輕老。在主觀上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。幾千年來，遂形成老者自以為持重練達(dá)而菲薄少年為少不更事；而少年自以為新銳精進(jìn)而輕蔑老者為老朽昏庸。此真所謂偏頗兩失之見也。Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged.The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time.But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them.Objectively speaking,sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of;sometimes it is just the other way round.Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth.For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies.Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.《紅樓夢(mèng)》問世二百年以來,通過漢文原文和各種譯文讀過此書的人,不知有多少億！這么多的讀者哪一個(gè)是先看批評(píng)家的文章,然而再讓批評(píng)家牽著鼻子走,按圖索驥地去讀原作呢?我看是絕無僅有的。一切文學(xué)作品,特別是象《紅樓夢(mèng)》這樣偉大的作品,內(nèi)容異常地豐富,涉及到的社會(huì)層面異常地多,簡(jiǎn)直象是一個(gè)寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更加復(fù)雜，他們來讀《紅樓夢(mèng)》，會(huì)各就自己的特點(diǎn)，欣賞該書中的某一個(gè)方面，受到鼓舞，受到啟發(fā)，引起了喜愛；也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡。總之是千差萬別。Ever since the publication of

A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental

one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, there actions vary.一個(gè)好青年必須身體健康。無論從事什么行業(yè)，健康的身體才是成功的基礎(chǔ)。它使我們能夠努力工作，堅(jiān)定不移；使我能夠奮斗，堅(jiān)持下去。除此之外，我們更能適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的工作，能為成功而奮斗，能夠忍受艱苦，能夠報(bào)效國(guó)家。一個(gè)好青年必須培養(yǎng)良好，高尚的品格。很多學(xué)問淵博的人誤入歧途。他們對(duì)社會(huì)甚至對(duì)國(guó)家的破壞大于貢獻(xiàn)。他們只追求自己的利益，而不知道道德為何物。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)看來，“德行”對(duì)一個(gè)優(yōu)秀青年更為重要。對(duì)于一個(gè)好青年來說，學(xué)問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。

A good young man must have a healthy body condition.No matter what kind of job you engaged in,a healthy body is the base of success.It makes us work hard and unswervingly;it makes us endeavor and insist.Besides these,we can adapt to the present job better,fight for the success,bear the hardships and serve our country.A good young man must cultivate a fine and lofty character..Many learned people go astray and the harm they have done to the society or even the country exceeds his dedication.They only chased after their personal interests without knowing what the morality is.From this point of view,“morality”is more important to an excellent young man.To a good young man,knowledge is his own business,and he can not depend on others.九寨溝的山水風(fēng)光，縱有萬麗千奇，一旦離開原始的自然美，就一切都沒有了?！彼麄兊囊娊馐蔷俚摹．?dāng)你步入溝中，便可見樹正群海蕩漾生輝，瀑布舒灑碧玉。一到金秋，滿山楓葉絳紅。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，樹綠花艷?四時(shí)都呈現(xiàn)出它的天然原始，寧靜幽深。All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature.If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills.Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.近代以來，亞洲經(jīng)歷了曲折和艱難的發(fā)展歷程。亞洲人們?yōu)楦淖冏约旱拿\(yùn)，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開辟前進(jìn)道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發(fā)展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結(jié)果。

亞洲人民深知，世界上沒有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展模式，也沒有一成不變的發(fā)展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創(chuàng)新，不斷開拓進(jìn)取，探索和開辟適應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，符合自身實(shí)際的發(fā)展道路，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展打開了廣闊前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging

path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.截至2003年12月，歐盟15個(gè)成員國(guó)來華投資項(xiàng)目數(shù)已達(dá)16158個(gè)，合同外資金額約650億美元，實(shí)際投入378億美元。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的一些大企業(yè)如聯(lián)想、海爾、華為、TCL等，也開始在歐盟投資設(shè)廠或成立營(yíng)銷、研發(fā)中心。歐盟還一直是中國(guó)引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)和設(shè)備的重要來源。中國(guó)與歐盟在先進(jìn)技術(shù)，尤其是高科技產(chǎn)品方面的合作有助于歐盟擴(kuò)大對(duì)華出口，也有利于中國(guó)企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、技術(shù)更新，符合雙方利益，具有很大的發(fā)展空間。

By the end of December 2003, the 15 members of the EU had altogether invested in 16,158 projects in China with the contractual investment worth of US$ 65 billion and with the actually utilized investment ofUS$ 37.8 billion.At the same time, some of China's big companies like Lenovo, Haier, Huawei Technologyand TCL have started to make investment in the EU member states to establish plants or marketing, R centers.The EU has always been an important source of technology and equipment import for China.The Sino-EU cooperation in the field of advanced technologies,especially the new and high-tech products, helps expand the EU export to China and also helps Chinese enterprises upgrade their industries, renovate their technologies.All these are in the interests of both sides and have considerable space for further growth.盡管全球大量的電子產(chǎn)品和鞋等都是中國(guó)制造，但這些產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)都是在歐美或日本完成的。中國(guó)公司制造自己品牌的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，通常是模仿國(guó)外。但如今不同了，他們都想開創(chuàng)自己的品牌。隨著中國(guó)公司在設(shè)計(jì)上的改進(jìn)，跨國(guó)公司意識(shí)到，他們的產(chǎn)品需要專門針對(duì)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的品味進(jìn)行“量身定做”了。這些使中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)開始繁榮起來。

Although large numbers of global electronic products and shoes are made in China,the design of these products are finished by Europe and America of Japan.In the past,the Chinese companies usually imitated foreign countries when producing their own brand products.But nowadays it is all different.They want to create their own brand.Along with the design improvement of the Chinese companies,the multination companies realize that their product need to be “tailored”to be the taste of Chinese consumers.All of these make the Chinese design industry become prosperous.我們的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，必須從中國(guó)的實(shí)際出發(fā)。無論是革命還是建設(shè)，都要注意學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但是，照抄照搬別國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、別國(guó)模式，從來不能得到成功。這方面我們有過教訓(xùn)。把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國(guó)的具體實(shí)際結(jié)合起來，走自己的道路，建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義，這就是我們總結(jié)長(zhǎng)期歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的基本結(jié)論。

Our country's modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution of the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries' experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism's universal truth with out specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chineseaharacteristic.

第四篇：六級(jí)翻譯

北京有無數(shù)的胡同。胡同的意思就是小巷子。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。它反映了社會(huì)的變遷。隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同將成為人們的記憶。

In Beijing,there are many Hutongs, which mean small lanes.The life of ordinary people in these lanes contributes greatly to the charm of Beijing, the ancient capital.Usally, there is a courtyard complex inside the Hutong, with rooms for an average of 4 to 10 families of about 20 members.So life at the Hutong is that of a friendly and interpersonal communication.Hutong is the living environment of ordinary Bejing natives.It is also an art of architecture.It reflects the changes of the society.With the rapid development of the society and economy, many Hutongs will live only in people’s memory.端午節(jié)，又稱龍舟節(jié)，為每年農(nóng)歷五月初五。端午節(jié)起源于中國(guó)，最初是我國(guó)以祛病防疫的節(jié)日，后來傳說愛國(guó)詩人屈原在這一天死去，也同時(shí)成了中國(guó)漢族人民紀(jì)念屈原的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。端午節(jié)有吃粽子，賽龍舟等主要習(xí)俗。特別是賽龍舟的習(xí)俗受到普遍的歡迎，因?yàn)樗粌H是一種體育娛樂活動(dòng)，更體現(xiàn)出人們心中的愛國(guó)主義和集體主義精神

Duanwu Festival, also called The Dragon-boat Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.It originated in China as a festival for the Chinese people to prevent and get rid of diseases.Later on, it was said that Quyuan, the patriotic poet, died on this day and it became a traditional festival in memory of Quyuan for the Chinese Han people.Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats are the main customs of Duanwu Festival.Especially, dragon boat racing is very popular, for it is not only an activity of sports and recreation, but also embodies people’s patriotism and collectivism.中醫(yī)是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)，起源于大約6000年前的神農(nóng)氏時(shí)代。中醫(yī)學(xué)在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過程中，逐漸形成了一套醫(yī)學(xué)原則和觀點(diǎn)。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為“萬物人為貴”。中醫(yī)師通過了解人與自然以及人體各部位之間的種種關(guān)系來診斷和治療人的疾病。中醫(yī)有完整的理論體系和臨床治療辦法，其獨(dú)特的療效和科學(xué)體系贏得了全世界的廣泛贊譽(yù)。The Chinese medicine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine” in China, originated about 6000 years ago, in the era of Shennong, a famous herbal medicine master in ancient China.During the long-term development, the traditional Chinese medicine has gradually formed a set of medical principles and concepts.Traditional Chinese medicine holds that nothing compares to a human life.Traditional Chinese medical doctors diagnose and treat the patients’ diseases through finding out the relationship between man and nature, and among the various parts of the human body.Traditional Chinese medicine has developed a complete theoretical system and complete clinical treatment approaches.And it wins widespread praises all over the world because of its unique effectiveness and its scientific nature.文化是一個(gè)國(guó)家的面孔。在中國(guó)文化輸出的過程中，中華民族這個(gè)巨人給世界帶去了物質(zhì)和精神文化大餐。在中國(guó)文化對(duì)外傳播的歷史道路上，絲綢、瓷器、茶葉、科技發(fā)明這些物質(zhì)文明符號(hào)，帶動(dòng)了世界的進(jìn)步，而“四書”、“五經(jīng)”等典籍所倡導(dǎo)的中庸、守信、謙和、善治等精神則在世界上樹立了中國(guó)的精神符號(hào)。Culture is a country’s face.During the course of Chinese culture output, the giant of the Chinese nation has taken to the world the cultural feast of both materials and spirit.On the historical path of the foreign communication of the Chinese culture, such signs of material civilization as silk, china, tea, and scientific and technological inventions led the world’s progress.Meanwhile, such spirit as the golden mean, faith keeping, modesty and gentleness and good governance initiated in the classic works of the Four Books, the Five Classics, etc, established the signs of the Chinese spirit in the world.我們將大力促進(jìn)亞洲和世界發(fā)展繁榮。新世紀(jì)以來，中國(guó)已成為眾多周邊國(guó)家的最大貿(mào)易伙伴、最大出口市場(chǎng)、重要投資來源地。中國(guó)同亞洲和世界的利益融合達(dá)到前所未有的廣度(scope)和深度。當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)保持健康發(fā)展的勢(shì)頭，國(guó)內(nèi)需求特別是消費(fèi)需求將持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，對(duì)外投資也將大幅增加。中國(guó)越發(fā)展，越能給亞洲和世界帶來發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

China will strongly promote development and prosperity in both Asia and the world.Since the beginning of this new century, China has become the largest trading partner, the biggest export market and a major source of investment of many neighboring countries.China’s interests have never been so closely connected with those of the rest of Asia and the world in both scope and depth.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend.Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will continue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly.The more China develops, the more developing opportunities it will bring to Asia and the world.建設(shè)生態(tài)文明是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)系民族未來的大計(jì)。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、信息化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、必須要走出一條新的發(fā)展道路。中國(guó)明確把生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)擺在更加突出的位置。我們需要金山銀山，更要綠水青山。我們決不能一犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境為代價(jià)換取經(jīng)濟(jì)的一時(shí)發(fā)展。我們提出了建設(shè)生態(tài)文明、建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，給子孫留下天藍(lán)、地綠、水凈的美好家園。

The construction of ecological civilization is important for the happiness of the Chinese people and the future of the Chinese nation.To realize industrialization, urbalization, informationization and agricultural modernization, China must find a new development path out.China makes it clear to put the protection of ecological environment in a more outstanding postion.We need mountains pf gold and silver, but we also need green mountains and waters more.We mustn’t gain the temporary economic development at the expense of the ecological environment.Thus, we put forward the strategic task of constructing ecological civilization and a beautiful China, leaving our descendants a beautiful home with blue sky, green land and clear water.中國(guó)作為文明古國(guó)，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。著名的《清明上河圖》(Riverside Scene during Qingming Festival)，就生動(dòng)地描繪了12世紀(jì)中國(guó)商業(yè)城市開封的繁榮景象。中國(guó)的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國(guó)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到7億人，形成了一批有重要影響和發(fā)展活力的城市群(city cluster)，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a brilliant history of urban development.The famous painting Riverside Scene During the Qingming Festival vividly captures the life of Kaifeng, a commercial city in China in the 12^th century.Chinese cities also have their own characteristics.Since the launching of the reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbalization, with urban pollution increasing from 170 million to some 700 million, forming a number of city clusters with strong influence and developing vigor, which has promoted economic development and social progress.“學(xué)習(xí)”這兩個(gè)字是由中國(guó)的孔夫子首先講的。他是一個(gè)偉大的教育家。他自己學(xué)習(xí)十分努力，又有了多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就總結(jié)出這么一句話：“學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦樂乎？”這是“學(xué)習(xí)”一詞的來源。任何人要獲得新知識(shí)，途徑只有一條，那便是“學(xué)”。但要使它成為自己的東西，就必須“習(xí)”?？鬃拥脑挘诮裉烊匀痪哂薪逃饬x。The two characters “xue”and “xi” were first used by China’s Confucius, who was a great educator.Studying hard himself, and having many years’ experience of teaching, he summed up the question in one sentence: “isn’t it enjoyable to learn something and to review it often?” And that’s the origin of the word “xuexi”, which means “study”.There is only one way for anyone to acquire new knowledge, and that’s

“l(fā)earning”.But one must review it to turn it into something of his own.So Confucius’ teaching is still instructive today.在外國(guó)民眾看來，最能代表中國(guó)文化的就是中餐、中國(guó)功夫、大紅燈籠和京劇這樣一些符號(hào)。全世界有中國(guó)人的地方，大都會(huì)有中國(guó)餐館，而中國(guó)餐館又大都會(huì)有大紅燈籠，或是掛著中國(guó)功夫的圖片或是播放著中國(guó)京劇。很多外國(guó)人喜愛這些中國(guó)文化的符號(hào)。這些老符號(hào)有著很大的魅力，有助于傳播中國(guó)文化或打造中國(guó)形象。

To people from the foreign countries, what can best represent the Chinese culture are such signs as Chinese meals, Chinese gongfu, the red lantern, and Peking opera.In the world, where there are Chinese people, there are Chinese restaurants, where red lanterns or pictures of Chinese gongfu are hung or China’s Peking Opera is played.Many foreigners love these signs of the Chinese culture.These old signs are full of charm, and are beneficial for the transmission of the Chinese culture or the creation of the Chinese iamge.“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的含義是國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族復(fù)興和人民幸福。中國(guó)夢(mèng)是國(guó)家的夢(mèng)，民族的夢(mèng)和人民的夢(mèng)，也是每一個(gè)中國(guó)人的夢(mèng)，是個(gè)人之夢(mèng)的集合，是共同的夢(mèng)。正如習(xí)主席所說：“國(guó)家好、民族好、大家才會(huì)好?！敝袊?guó)夢(mèng)充滿著中華文明“家國(guó)天下”的理性光輝。中國(guó)夢(mèng)也是和平之夢(mèng)，合作之夢(mèng)，共贏之夢(mèng)。中國(guó)夢(mèng)今天是夢(mèng)想，明天將是現(xiàn)實(shí)。

The Chinese Dream means a prosperous and strong China, the revival of the Chinese nation and a happy life for the Chinese people.The Chinese Dream is the dream of a country, a nation and a people.It is also a dream of every Chinese.It is a combination of individual dreams and it is a common dream.Just as President Xi puts it, only when the country and the nation are better off can every one of us be better off.The Chinese Dream is filled with the rational brilliance of the Chinese civilization: one nation is one family and each member is responsible for its prosperity.The Chinese Dream is also a dream of peace, cooperation and win-win.Today, it is a dream.Tomorrow it will be reality.

第五篇：六級(jí)翻譯總結(jié)

六級(jí)翻譯概論

1.翻譯內(nèi)容：

中國(guó)歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展。

2.重大語言錯(cuò)誤：主干，時(shí)態(tài)。

3.解題步驟：

第一步：拆分句子

技巧：如果句子長(zhǎng)度多于7個(gè)字，逗號(hào)獨(dú)立成句

第二步：找主干，進(jìn)行逐句翻譯

第三步：檢查

（1）檢查拼寫是否正確

（2）檢查單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確、主謂是否一致（3）檢查句子銜接

詞匯詞組翻譯

1.詞義選擇

(1)根據(jù)上下文準(zhǔn)確理解漢語詞義 周邊地區(qū)surrounding areas 理想的地方an ideal place 占主導(dǎo)地位play a leading role in/be dominated by(2)根據(jù)固定詞組和搭配選擇英語用詞

西方服飾／民族服飾western clothing/national costume 可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)special ecnomiczone 試驗(yàn)田experimental plot 改革開放the reform and openning up 以人為本people-oriented “資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)resource-saing and environment-friendly society

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

漢語的動(dòng)詞&英語的并列成分、非謂語動(dòng)詞、從句、名詞、形容詞（詞組）等 Eg.促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排

promote energy saving / conservation and emission reduction 3.詞語增補(bǔ)(1)無主句

書到后（顧客）應(yīng)立即付款

You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.(2)連詞

（只要）留得青山在，（就）不怕沒柴燒。

As long as the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood.(3)介詞

2006年

in 2006

4.詞語省略

(1)范疇詞（情況、工作、水平、局面、行為等）

approximately(2)修辭效果（華麗辭藻）

花園里面是人間的樂園，有的是吃不完的的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財(cái)寶。

The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.(3)表達(dá)習(xí)慣 修改完善

modify …(to make it perfect去掉)

5.難詞處理

(1)同/近義詞；

(2)解釋

政府應(yīng)該提供資助給難民。

The government should provide financial support for people who are suffering from disasters.6.成語習(xí)語 eg.木已成舟

三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮(1)約定俗成的譯法； The die is cast.Two heads are better than one.(2)根據(jù)原文直譯

We are where we are.What's done is done.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind

句子句法翻譯

三種?？季湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)： 主謂賓：誰干了什么

主系表：什么是什么 / 什么怎么樣 存在句：there be

一、主謂賓

中國(guó)人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。?主干

中國(guó)人慶祝豐收→主謂賓 ?核心動(dòng)詞

慶祝→celebrate Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival.二、主系表

旗袍（qipao）是一種雅致的中國(guó)服裝。?主干

旗袍是服裝 → 主系表 ?核心動(dòng)詞 是 → is

Qipao is a kind of elegant Chinese dress.三、存在句 有→

①擁有 have ②存在 there be

句子時(shí)態(tài)翻譯

如何確定時(shí)態(tài)？

PK 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)------楊國(guó)威 一、一般過去時(shí)

二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

eg.聯(lián)合國(guó)的“千年（millennium）發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國(guó)均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。

The Millennium Development Goals of the U.N.either have been achieved or will be achieved soon in China.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) ?基本用法

1、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) e.g.The boys are reading books.2、通常與now / at present / today / these days等時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g.He is working at home today.? “正”、“正在”→ 動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生 → 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展?！?016.06 CET6】 China's innovation is having a great boom at an unprecedented rate.中國(guó)的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究?！?016.06 CET6】

Universities and research institutes in China are actively carrying out innovative researches.中國(guó)造產(chǎn)品越來越受歡迎。【2015.12 CET6】

Products made in China are becoming more and more popular.句子語態(tài)翻譯

盡量用被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯

1、被、受、為……所 “被”

?被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞

?被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：has / have + been + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞

至今已有約120個(gè)中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典，成了英語語言的一部分。Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.“受”

中國(guó)父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會(huì)上取得大的成就，父母就會(huì)受到尊重。Chinese parents also hold the belief（認(rèn)為）that if their children could achieve great success in the society, tthe parents themselves would be respected.“為……所” 隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了，他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引。

With more travel, young people spend less time in big cities and famous sights.Instead, they are attracted to more remote places.2、預(yù)計(jì)、據(jù)說、傳說 “預(yù)計(jì)”

it is estimated that “據(jù)說”“傳說”

據(jù)說他的風(fēng)箏用木頭和竹子制作，飛了三天后才落地。

It is said that his kite, made of wood and bamboo, had been flying for three days before landing.“據(jù)報(bào)道”

It is reported that

3、人們

漢語句子里“人們”（有時(shí)會(huì)省略）有的時(shí)候是泛指，本身并不強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、動(dòng)作主體“人們”，應(yīng)處理為被動(dòng)句。

人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。

Doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.4、無標(biāo)記詞

很有可能這件商品是中國(guó)造的。

Chances are /It is probable that the product is made in China.宴席通常至少有一道湯，可以最先或最后上桌。

There is usually at least a bowl of soup, which could be served either at the beginning or at the end of the banquet.使用從句翻譯

從句句型

定語從句

1.作用：對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾限定 2.引導(dǎo)詞：

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that 關(guān)系副詞：where, why, when, 介詞 + which 另外，北京還將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反限排規(guī)定的行為。

In addition, Beijing will punish those who violate the regulations of emission limitation more severely.非限制性定語從句

逗號(hào)（句號(hào)）+ 此、這、那、這種、那種、是、其、其中，有些 → which, whose, some of which 他說以前從沒見過她，這不是真的。

He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.中國(guó)人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。

Since the ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.狀語從句

1.作用：在句中作狀語

具體可細(xì)分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步等從句 2.引導(dǎo)詞： 時(shí)間

when, as, while, since, as soon as … 讓步

although, though, even if, even though … 條件

if, unless, as long as … 原因

because, as, since, for …

賓語從句

1.作用：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語 2.引導(dǎo)詞：

? that--有時(shí)可省略 ?if / whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）

主語從句

1.作用：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語 2.引導(dǎo)詞：均不能省略 ?that ?whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）?it

表語從句

1.作用：在句中充當(dāng)表語 2.引導(dǎo)詞： ?that ?whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）

同位語從句

我該不該辭職，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。

The question whether I should quit my job requires consideration.使用非謂翻譯

非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類 1.動(dòng)詞不定式 2.動(dòng)名詞

3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）

非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法

——作主語（可以用it作形式主語）?不定式

確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要。

To ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.?動(dòng)名詞

踢足球?qū)δ愕慕】涤幸妗?/p>

Playing football is good for your health.[現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均不能做句子中的主語]

——作賓語（可以用it作形式賓語）?不定式

最近，中國(guó)政府決定將其工業(yè)升級(jí)。

Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry.?動(dòng)名詞

一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國(guó)女性的民族服飾。

Some influential figures even suggest making Qipao a national costume for Chinese women.——作定語 ?不定式

由于其獨(dú)特的地位，深圳也是國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。

Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start up their businesses.?動(dòng)名詞

春節(jié)期間閱覽室仍對(duì)外開放。

The reading room will remain open during the Spring Festival.漁村 a fishing village ?現(xiàn)在分詞

與此同時(shí)，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國(guó)企業(yè)家也在努力爭(zhēng)做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)不斷變化和增長(zhǎng)的需求。

Meanwhile, in order to adapt to the demand of domestic and overseas consumer markets which is constantly changingand growing … ?過去分詞

中國(guó)宴席上典型的菜單包括開席的一套涼菜及其后的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。

A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables and so on.作狀語

?不定式（表目的）

他們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。

They are also working collaboratively with science and technology parks in different places to commercialize their innovative achievements.?現(xiàn)在分詞（表原因）

它最先向其他文化敞開大門，對(duì)外貿(mào)易興旺。

Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade.?過去分詞（表?xiàng)l件）

再給我五分鐘，我也可以答出這個(gè)問題。Given another five minutes, I can also work out this problem.翻譯高分案例

The ideal of rural life reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to Taoist affection towards nature.There are two favorite themes in traditional Chinese paintings.One theme depicts various happy scenes of family life, in which, more often than not, the elderly drink tea and play chess, men sow and reap in the fields, women weave cloth and sew clothes, and children play outside.The other theme illustrates all the pleasure you can have living in the countryside.積累---竭力

try one's best to strive to go all out to

屈從 follow 意愿 wishes

報(bào)名 sign up / apply / enroll 重點(diǎn)學(xué)校 key schools 錄取 be accepted by 堅(jiān)持 insist stick to

be willing to do 愿意做

顧及 take into consideration

creditable adj.值得稱贊的（≈ worth praising）

attach importance to 重視（≈ take … seriously）

The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and

medical insurance, and expand social security.政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機(jī)會(huì)，并擴(kuò)大社會(huì)保障。

?物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) tangible cultural heritage ?非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) intangible cultural heritage