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      2016-成人高考復(fù)習(xí)資料(專升本..英語)

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 03:38:20下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《2016-成人高考復(fù)習(xí)資料(專升本..英語)》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《2016-成人高考復(fù)習(xí)資料(專升本..英語)》。

      第一篇:2016-成人高考復(fù)習(xí)資料(專升本..英語)

      2013年---2015年知識點(diǎn)匯總:

      I.語

      音(phonetics)

      成人高考語音知識考題的設(shè)置,主要考查考生對單詞正確讀音的掌握程度,對于成人英語教學(xué)中語音的重視有重要的導(dǎo)向作用??忌仨毟鶕?jù)大綱要求,能記住單詞的拼寫、讀音;能記住并正確使用大綱規(guī)定的語音知識。

      語音題為選擇題,屬客觀題。題型設(shè)置和比例相對穩(wěn)定。

      語音知識題的考查采取四選一形式,即找出那個(gè)讀音不同于組內(nèi)其他劃線部分讀音的單詞,部分考生的應(yīng)試對策不外乎兩種方法。其一是找同類項(xiàng)法。先從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出兩個(gè)把握比較大的選項(xiàng),若讀音相同,則再從剩余選項(xiàng)中找出一個(gè)與這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)讀音相同的項(xiàng)。由于這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)讀音相同,為同類項(xiàng),均非答案,那么最后剩下的選項(xiàng)即為該題答案。其二是排除法。也是先從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出兩個(gè)把握比較大的逸項(xiàng),若讀音不同,其中之一必定是答案。再從其中找出一個(gè)熟悉的選項(xiàng),以確定這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)是答案,同時(shí)排除非答案選項(xiàng)。另外,如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)或三個(gè),甚至四個(gè)疑難項(xiàng),則只有根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法、讀音規(guī)則或其他因素來進(jìn)行推理分析,以推斷出一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞的讀音,用找同類項(xiàng)法或排除法找出答案,這就是推理法。

      由于輔音字母及其組合在單詞中的讀音不受重讀音節(jié)的影響,掌握起來相對容易些。因此考生必須牢牢記住輔音字母及其組合的讀音規(guī)則。在記憶時(shí),可以采取分類記憶的方法。如21個(gè)輔音字母中,有16個(gè)在單詞中的讀音一般只有一種讀法(省略或同化現(xiàn)象除外)。我們在記憶時(shí)可以分為三組。第一組有:b,d,j,k,p,q,v,z,這些輔音字母在單詞中,讀其名稱音的前半部分。如b的名稱音為[bi:],在單詞中讀作[b],例詞:border['bo:de];第二組有:f,l,m,n,這些輔音字母在單詞中,讀其名稱音的后半部分。如f的名稱音為[ef],在單詞中讀作[f],例詞:frighten[’fraitn];第三組有:h,r,w,y,這些輔音字母在單詞中的讀音與其名稱音無關(guān),但與漢語拼音卻有些相似之處,如w的名稱音為['dAblju:],而在單詞中卻讀作[w],如:wander['wondo].通過分類記憶,我們很容易記住這l6個(gè)輔音字母在單詞中的讀音。

      成人高考?xì)v屆試題對輔音字母和輔音字母組合的考查,主要側(cè)重于有兩種或兩種以上不同讀法的輔音字母(如c,g,s,t,x等)和輔音字母組合(如ch,gh,th,wh等)的讀音辨析??忌鷱?fù)習(xí)時(shí)要多加注意??刹扇囊话愕教厥?,再從特殊到一般的方法進(jìn)行記憶。如輔音字母c在單詞中的讀法,一般有三種:[k],[s],[∫].c讀[k]的時(shí)候居多,一定要牢記。然后再看c讀[s]和[∫]的情況,根據(jù)有關(guān)c的讀音規(guī)則,C在e,i,y前一般讀作[s],而c出現(xiàn)在ia,ie,io前時(shí),則讀作[∫].通過仔細(xì)觀察,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)c在元音字母i前時(shí),其讀音較難掌握。這恰恰是考查學(xué)生掌握程度的最佳切入點(diǎn)。在這種情況下,如果將e讀作[∫]的幾個(gè)詞appreciate,ocean,Oceania,socialist,socialism作為特例詞而牢牢記住,便會(huì)突破難點(diǎn),使考題的難度大大降低。此外,考生還應(yīng)注意輔音字母在單詞中音的省略或同化。元音字母和元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音涉及重讀音節(jié)時(shí),考生應(yīng)能理解,并在理解的基礎(chǔ)上加以記憶??忌仨毷炀毜卣莆针p音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞的音節(jié)劃分以及重讀音節(jié)的判定,適當(dāng)掌握一些構(gòu)詞法知識,然后再考慮元音字母及其組合的讀音。II.詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)(vocabulary and structure)

      語法和詞匯部分要求掌握英語的基本詞匯和語法規(guī)則。其中出題方式為15道題,每小題4個(gè)選項(xiàng),考生需要根據(jù)所給題干在4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一個(gè)作為答案。下面分詞匯和語法兩個(gè)部分說明。

      一、詞匯

      詞匯主要從單個(gè)的詞(包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞)、短語、固定搭配等方面出題考查考生對詞匯的掌握情況。出題的角度通常所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞意比較接近,或拼寫比較相像,或搭配不同則意義不同,或固定詞組的搭配與運(yùn)用等。

      詞匯的考查通常是最基本的詞、常用詞的搭配和一些常用的固定詞組。面對這類考題,考生需要比較熟練地掌握,方能做出正確的選擇。例題及說明

      1、It was _____of you not to disturb these old people late at night?(2013)

      A patient

      B considerate

      C deliberate

      D modest 分析:考查形容詞詞義辨析。答案

      B。patient 有耐心的;considerate 體貼的;deliberate 故意的;modest 謙虛的;【句子大意】你真是體貼,深夜里沒有打擾這些老人。

      2、I think that Anna is ______ far the most active member in our group.(2014)A with

      B at

      C as

      D by 分析:考查介詞短語。答案D。by far 到目前為止,固定他配。與far搭配的短語還有 as far as 就…盡…【句子大意】我認(rèn)為,到目前為止,Anna是我們組里最積極的一位。

      3、Who should be responsible ______the accident?(2013)A at

      B of

      C with

      D for 分析:考查固定搭配。答案D。be responsible for 意為對....負(fù)責(zé),符合題意【句子大意】誰應(yīng)該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)。

      4、My aunt’s business has been doing poorly, but she’s hoping that her _____ will change.(2015)

      A emotion

      B luck

      C duty

      D fame

      分析:考查名詞。答案B。emotion 感情;luck 命運(yùn),運(yùn)氣; duty職責(zé); fame 名聲.【句子大意】我阿姨的生意一直不好,但她正期望著時(shí)來運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

      5、The guide is _______ a line of tourists through the narrow passage with the help of his torch..(2007)

      A concluding B containing C conducting D conquering 分析:考查現(xiàn)在分詞。答案C。這也是一組拼寫比較相像而意思不同的詞。conducting指引;containing 包含 concluding 結(jié)束 conquering征服【句子大意】向?qū)Ы柚鸢褞ьI(lǐng)一隊(duì)游客穿過狹窄的通道。

      6、The football match was televised______ from the Berlin Olympic Stadium.(2007)

      A live

      B alive

      C living D lively 分析:考查形容詞、副詞。答案A。本組詞拼寫相近,但意義不同。

      Be televised 電視播送。Live 現(xiàn)場直播的,在這里做副詞,電視實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播;alive有活力的,living活著;lively活潑的?!揪渥哟笠狻窟@場足球賽事來自柏林奧林 匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)場的現(xiàn)場直播。

      7、Normally Dr.Mackenzie is rather_________, but sometimes he talks freely about himself.(2006)

      A sociable

      B reserved

      C open D ignorant 分析:考查形容詞辨析。答案B sociable 好交際的友善的;reserved沉默寡言的含蓄的;open開放的 坦率的; ignorant無知的 愚昧的

      But 是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞,前半句與后半句所表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)是相反的,后半句說他有時(shí)說話很直率(freely),前面的空就應(yīng)該選擇與之相反的詞。

      【句子大意】通常,Mackenzie博士是非常沉默寡言的,有時(shí)他也很坦率地講自己的事。

      8、My daughter is quite well now _____ a slight hesdache(2014)

      A but for

      B beside

      C except for

      D besides

      分析:考查介詞短語辨析。答案C。

      beside 沒有除了的意思,故排除B。besides 除了 還,不符合題意;but for要不是,用于表示一種虛擬 【句子大意】我女兒除了有輕微的頭痛,身體相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。

      9、The pianist didn’t ______ until the last minute before the concert(2015)

      A turn up

      B turn out

      C turn off

      D t 分析:考查動(dòng)詞與借此的搭配。答案A。turn up 出現(xiàn); turn out 關(guān)掉; turn off 關(guān)掉,完成;turn on 打開?!揪渥哟笠狻窟@個(gè)鋼琴家直到音樂會(huì)開始前最后一分鐘才出現(xiàn)。

      10、It was so late that we ______ had time to catch the train.(2005)

      A nearly

      B almost

      C hardly

      D simply 分析:考查副詞。答案 C。nearly 幾乎;almost 差不多;hardly 幾乎不、幾乎沒有;simply 僅僅只不過。句中so ….that 如此。。以至于。Hardly 用在肯定句中表示的是否的意思。so late 表明太晚了,肯定是很難趕上火車,而題干是肯定句式,所以應(yīng)選帶有否定意義的詞。其他的詞都是表肯定的意思?!揪渥哟笠狻刻砹耍覀冓s不上火車了。

      11、I cannot find my umbrella.I must have ______it on the bus yesterday.(2006)

      A.lost

      B.left

      C.forgotten

      D.neglected 分析:考查動(dòng)詞過去分詞,主要考查lost和left的差別。答案B。lost丟失、迷失方向;left 遺落;forgotten 忘掉;neglected忽略?!揪渥哟笠狻课艺也恢鴤懔恕?隙ㄊ亲蛱炻湓诠财嚿狭恕?/p>

      12、Nuclear science shonld be developed to benefit people ______harm them(2005)

      A.more than

      B.better than

      C.other than

      D.rather than 分析:考查短語。答案D。more than多于 不只 不僅;better than 超過;other than 除了,只能是,不同于;rather than 而不是。【句子大意】核科學(xué)的發(fā)展應(yīng)有益于人民而不是有害于人民。

      二、語法

      語法包含的內(nèi)容很多,比較繁雜,每次考試中基本上是一個(gè)小題一個(gè)語法點(diǎn),但是都是最基本的語法。這也要求考生比較全面地掌握基本語法。根據(jù)歷年的考題,常考的語法大體上包括時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動(dòng)詞,倒裝句等。

      1、時(shí)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)在英語語言學(xué)習(xí)中是最基本的,也是最困惑的難點(diǎn)之一??梢哉f不會(huì)時(shí)態(tài)就無法與人交流。有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的出題方式,通常要求考生根據(jù)給出的題干中的主句或從句中的時(shí)態(tài)或表示時(shí)間的狀語部分,判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的正確的一項(xiàng)。例題及說明

      1、I remembered that the air conditions _____turned off before I left home.(2013)

      A.were B.were to be C.had been D.have been 分析:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。答案:C。turn off 的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在left home 之前,因此要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)?!揪渥哟笠狻课矣浀迷陔x開家之前空調(diào)已經(jīng)關(guān)上了。例2、Several novels by Mo Yan _____ into English so far.(2015)A.had been translated

      B.were translated C.are translated

      D.have been translated 分析:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。答案D。由so far可知,句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),且主語several novels與謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式【句子大意】到目前為止,莫言的幾本小說已經(jīng)被翻譯成英文。例

      3、When he arrived at the airport,Mr Smith found that he______his ticket in the office.(2005)

      A has left

      B was leaving C had left D would leave 分析:考查過去完成時(shí)。答案:C。主句的行為發(fā)生在從句之前,時(shí)態(tài)就要提前。從句是過去時(shí),主句就該是過去完成時(shí)?!揪渥哟笠狻縎mith 到達(dá)機(jī)場時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)票落在辦公室了。

      4、Since arriving in New York, Thomas______over 15 job interviews.(2006)

      A has

      B had C has had

      D is having 分析:考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案C。Since引導(dǎo)的狀語,要求謂語部分,為現(xiàn)在成時(shí)態(tài)?!揪渥哟笠狻孔詮牡郊~約以來,Thomas已經(jīng)有了15次的工作面試了。例

      5、By the year 2100, many different means of transporation______.(2006)

      A will develop

      B will have developed

      C will be developing

      D will have been developed

      分析:考查將來完成時(shí)。答案:D。By引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語要求謂語用完成時(shí)?!揪渥哟笠狻康?100年,將會(huì)有許多不同的交通方式發(fā)展起來了。

      2、語態(tài)

      語態(tài)分兩種,主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)。這里只討論被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式不同。最基本的表現(xiàn)形式是“be +過去分詞(+by)”其中be有時(shí)態(tài),人稱和數(shù)的變化,也可以構(gòu)成否定或疑問句;過去分詞作定語在一定的句式中或名詞前也表示被動(dòng)的含義。這類題的出題方式通常是讓考生根據(jù)已給的條件判斷是否應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下面通過部分例子進(jìn)行說明。

      1、With its expensive furniture and carefully______color scheme, the room looked quite luxurious.(2007)

      A choose

      B chose

      C chosen

      D choosing 分析:考查過去分詞做名詞定語,表被動(dòng)。答案C。這里過去分詞表示被動(dòng)語態(tài):被選的色系。【句子大意】昂貴的家具加上仔細(xì)挑選的色系,使得這個(gè)房間看起來非常豪華。

      2、The sandwiches_______ by your mother were very delicious.(2006)A make

      B making

      C made

      D were made 分析:考查過去分詞表被動(dòng),作后置定語。答案C。made 過去分詞表被動(dòng)?!揪渥哟笠狻磕銒寢屪龅娜髦畏浅:贸?。例

      3、---Have you moved into the new house?

      ---Not yet.The rooms_______。(2005)

      A are being painted

      B are painted

      C are painting D have been painting 分析:考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案A。這里表示新房子正在被粉刷,并且是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?!揪渥哟笠狻磕惆峒伊藛?? 還沒有,新房正在粉刷著呢。

      3、虛擬語氣

      語氣有三種,陳述、祈使和虛擬。這里只討論虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣實(shí)際上是一種動(dòng)詞形式。虛擬語氣的用法大體有兩種,再簡單句中或用在從句中。面對這類考題,考生需要熟記虛擬語氣規(guī)則。即在什么樣的條件下用什么樣的虛擬語氣。考生可根據(jù)所給的主句在選項(xiàng)中找與之相配的從句,或反之;根據(jù)所給的帶有命令、建議等含義的謂語動(dòng)詞或名詞判斷其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否該用虛擬語氣等。記住與現(xiàn)在,過去,將來相反的三種情況,特別是與過去相反的情況最???,再有就是wish、as if 后面所接的三種情況,還有一個(gè)??键c(diǎn)在suggest,demand,require,order等表示建議,要求,命令的詞后面加從句時(shí),從句里謂語要用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形,如果是被動(dòng)則用(should +be +動(dòng)詞過去分詞)例

      1、_______about it earlier, we could have warned people of danger.(2013)

      A Would we know

      B Should we know

      C Have we known

      D Had we known 分析:考查虛擬語氣,答案D。本句為虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),主句為could have warned 引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)had done的形式。在if 省略的條件下,虛擬條件句中的從句部分要將助動(dòng)詞had放在主語之前,進(jìn)行倒裝?!揪渥哟笠狻咳绻覀冊琰c(diǎn)知道的話,就會(huì)警告人們有危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生。

      2、My teacher recommended that I _____ as careful as possible when I took an exam(2015)

      A will be

      B be

      C am

      D were 分析:考查虛擬語氣,答案B。本句為虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),recommend后的賓語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的形式,should可以省略?!揪渥哟笠狻课业睦蠋熃ㄗh我考試時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能仔細(xì)。

      4、主謂一致與倒裝

      一、主謂一致

      要點(diǎn)1就近原則:not only.......but also;either.........or;neither........nor;or 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與第二個(gè)主語保持一致。

      要點(diǎn)2 就遠(yuǎn)原則:在主語與謂語之間插入短語 as well as ,together with, along with, with, except, but謂語動(dòng)詞不受插入語的影響仍和主語保持一致。

      要點(diǎn)3 時(shí)間、距離、金錢等詞語做主語表總量時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      主謂一致是指句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。這類題的出題方式一般是要求考生根據(jù)已給的主語或主語部分在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出與之相配的正確的謂語動(dòng)詞。

      二、倒裝句:

      要點(diǎn)1 only +副詞/ 介詞短語/狀語從句置于句首強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),后面的主語與謂 語必須部分倒裝。

      要點(diǎn)2 一些含有否定意義的詞,如:not only , not until., never , hardly , no sooner , scarcely , little , nowhere , in no time..........等短語置于句首強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),后面的主語和謂語必須部分倒裝。

      倒裝句有疑問句、there be 句型、表愿望的句子、感嘆句等。除此之外:(1)有些連接詞引導(dǎo)的句子需要倒裝。如so neither nor等等。

      Jim can drive a car so can I Jim會(huì)開車,我也會(huì)。

      (2)有些副詞和連詞引導(dǎo)的分句也需要倒裝。但倒裝的部分不同,需要特別記憶。如as引導(dǎo)的分句需將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞前置到句首,即as前,但主謂語順序不變。而however 引導(dǎo)的分句是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)詞放在however之后,主語之前,但主謂語順序不變。

      (3)有些副詞引導(dǎo)的句子,如here there now then out in down up away等等,需要主謂語倒裝。但如果主語是代詞,則主謂語不倒裝。

      (4)具有否定意義的詞或短語作句首時(shí),主謂語倒裝。這些詞有:hardly seldom rarely little barely scarcely in no time not never by no means hardly,? when no sooner? than not only? but also,等等。(5)Only作句首強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時(shí)主謂倒裝,但強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)不倒裝。例題及說明:

      例1:The relationship between parents and their children _____a strong influence on the character of the children.(2014)

      A to love

      B have

      C has

      D having

      說明:考查謂語動(dòng)詞。主語the relationship 是不可數(shù)名詞,且句子是對事實(shí)的一般性敘述,所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單數(shù)形式。故選C【句子大意】親子關(guān)系對孩子的性格有很大影響。

      例2:Only by telling the truth ____ with the trust and support of your friends.(2014)A you did

      B you can

      C.did you

      D can you 說明:考查倒裝句式。Only+介詞短語置于句首時(shí),后面的句子應(yīng)倒裝。結(jié)合句意可知,句子應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選D。【句子大意】只有坦誠才能記你贏得朋友的信任與支持。

      例3:The old man, together with his neighbors, ____ the performance when it began to rain.(2015)A.have enjoyed

      B.has enjoyed C.was enjoying

      D.were enjoying 說明:考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語后跟有介詞短語together with時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語一致。此處謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與the old man 一致,應(yīng)為單數(shù),且此處表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),故選C?!揪渥哟笠狻块_始下雨時(shí),那個(gè)老人和他的鄰居正在欣賞表演。

      5、復(fù)合句

      從句有很多種,狀語從句、定語從句、賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句等。但在試卷中往往是從連詞的辨析角度考查考生對從句掌握的情況。這類題要求考生對已給題干有正確的理解,對連詞有比較清晰的分辨。下面是??歼B詞的比較說明。(1)表示原因、理由的連詞:because as since for.Because表示直接原因,重點(diǎn)放在從句,回答“why”,其引導(dǎo)的從句可放在所要說明的句子前后。

      As表示非常明顯的原因,通常指因果關(guān)系,主句為重點(diǎn),其引導(dǎo)的從句可放在所要說明的句子前或后。

      Since表示對方已知的、無需進(jìn)一步說明的事實(shí)、主句為重點(diǎn),其引導(dǎo)的從句多數(shù)放在前面,可譯為“既然”。

      For是并列連詞,表示推理、解釋,其引導(dǎo)的分句只能放在所要說明的分句的后面。

      —He is not at work because he is sick.他沒上班,因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

      —You’ll see him, for he’s coming.你會(huì)見到他的,因?yàn)樗鸵獊砹恕?/p>

      —Since you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.既然你不能回答,也許我們應(yīng)該問別人。

      (2)表示時(shí)間的連詞:when while as,表示“當(dāng)。。時(shí)候”。

      When 引導(dǎo)的從句可表示特定的時(shí)間或一段時(shí)間。

      While 引導(dǎo)的從句多表示時(shí)間的一段,而不是一點(diǎn),謂語動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)。As強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作是在同一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或同一時(shí)間段的時(shí)間進(jìn)行的,有表示“一邊,一邊”之意。

      —They arrived while we were having dinner.我們正在吃飯時(shí)他們到了

      —As time passed things seemed to get worse隨著時(shí)間的流逝,情形似乎更遭了。注意:while有對比的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的狀態(tài)或情況。

      —Schools in the cities to be better equipped while those in countries are relatively poor.城市里的學(xué)校設(shè)備比較好,而農(nóng)村的學(xué)校就相對差了。表示時(shí)間的連詞:since until till Since表示“自從”,從什么時(shí)候以來。

      Till和until意思相同,表示“直到”,二者多數(shù)情況下可互相,但till不能用于句首,till更口語化。

      —He hasn’t played football since he left university.他自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就沒踢過足球。

      注意:not…until… 直到某時(shí)某動(dòng)作才發(fā)生。Not until置句首時(shí),主句要倒裝。I did not go to sleep until the paper was done last night.我昨天夜里寫完文章才睡。表示時(shí)間的連詞:as soon as no sooner…than hardly…when表示“一….就….”。As soon as表示一個(gè)事情發(fā)生之后就做另一個(gè)事情。No sooner A than B表示剛做完事情A就做事情B.Hardly A when B表示還沒來得及做完事情A緊接著就開始做事情B.—As soon as she entered the room she knew there was something wrong.她一進(jìn)屋就發(fā)現(xiàn)事情不對。

      —No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.他剛坐下電話就響了

      —She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.她還沒坐穩(wěn),電話就響了。注意:as soon as還有“盡可能”之意。

      —I’ll come over to your place as soon as I can.我會(huì)盡快到你這兒來。(3)表示目的、結(jié)果、原因的連詞:so that so…that such…that.So that 表示“以便”、“為了”、“能夠”,其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語通常與can may should等連用;也表示“因此”此時(shí),不一定與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用?!猅hey got up early this morning so that they could catch the train.今天早晨他們起得很早以便趕上火車。

      —He didn’t plan his time well so that he didn’t finish his work on time.他沒有計(jì)劃好時(shí)間,所以沒按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。

      So…that和such…that相同含義,表示“如此。。以至”只是所修飾的詞不同。So修飾形容詞或副詞,such修飾名詞。

      公式:so+形容詞/副詞+that

      Such+(a/an)名詞+ that

      So+形容詞+(a/an)名詞+ that

      Such+(a/an)形容詞+名詞+ that

      So +many/much/few/little+名詞+ that —There were so many people in the shop that I couldn’t get into it.商店里人太多,我都進(jìn)不去了。

      —She is so lovely girl that we all like her.她是非??蓯鄣男」媚?,我們都喜歡她?!猄he is such a lovely girl that we all like her.她是如此可愛的小姑娘,我們都喜歡她。

      (4)引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞:which和that.這兩個(gè)連詞通??梢曰Q,但在非限制性定語從句中不能用that而只能用which。所謂非限制性定語從句是指只對所修飾的詞作一種補(bǔ)充說明,主句和從句在意義上相對獨(dú)立,如去掉從句不會(huì)對主句有影響,主、從句之間用逗號隔開。

      —Mary has a book which was written by her grandfather.Mary有本地爺爺寫的書。

      (5)表示條件的連詞:unless if…not only if。

      Unless和if…not在表示“除非”和“如果不”時(shí)可以互換。但這種互換不適于當(dāng)if用在與事實(shí)相反的條件句中。

      Only if表示“只有”,放在句首時(shí)主句的主謂需倒裝。

      —We will go outing tomorrow if it does not rain.如果不下雨的話,我們明天去郊游。

      —He will succeed only if he works hard.他只有努力工作才會(huì)成功。

      —Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.我只有找到工作才有足夠的錢念書。

      注意:區(qū)分only if if only what if even ifthough。If only 但愿、要是。。。多好呀!表示期盼、遺憾等情感。What if 如果。。。將會(huì)怎么樣?表示推測、疑問、擔(dān)憂等情感。

      Even if/ though即便、哪怕。表示推測,但無論這種推測是否發(fā)生,主句的行為都將發(fā)生或繼續(xù)。

      —What if he tells a lie?他若是說謊怎么辦?

      —If only the alarm clock had rung.鬧鐘要是叫了該有多好!

      —Even if I have to sell my house I’ll keep my business.即便要賣掉我的房子,我也要堅(jiān)持我的事業(yè)。例題及說明:

      例1:These are the pictures of the hotel_____ we held our annual meetings.(2015)A where

      B which

      C that

      D when 說明:考查定語從句連詞。答案:A.where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞hotel,且在 從句中作狀語。

      【句子大意】這些是我們舉辦年會(huì)的那個(gè)賓館的照片。

      例2:I did not notice that my dog was missing_____ a moment ago.(2013)A before

      B until

      C to

      D on

      說明:考查not…until的用法。固定用法,所表達(dá)的含義為直到…才。答案:B?!揪渥哟笠狻恐钡絼偛盼也虐l(fā)現(xiàn)我的狗不見了。例3:The little boy won’t go to sleep

      his mother tells him a story.(2005)A how

      B which

      C that D unless 說明:考查表示條件的連詞。答案:D Unless除非、如果不,lest免得?!揪渥哟笠狻啃∧泻⒉豢纤X,除非媽媽給他講故事。

      第二篇:成人高考-專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

      專升本英語詞匯和語法考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

      詞匯

      一、名詞和代詞

      一)重點(diǎn)名詞和代詞辨析

      1、result,effect,outcome,ending,consequence,fruit result 普通用詞,多指好的結(jié)果.另:比分,成績;effect 名詞:效果,影響。動(dòng)詞:實(shí)現(xiàn);outcome 多指成就,成果;ending 結(jié)局,結(jié)尾;consequence 多指不良的結(jié)果,后果;fruit 水果,產(chǎn)物。

      2、feature,appearance,virtue,character,characteristics feature 1,特色,2,面貌,相貌;appearance

      1,出現(xiàn),露面 2,外觀,外貌,外表;virtue 1,美德,2,優(yōu)點(diǎn),長處;character 特征,品質(zhì),角色;characteristics 特性,特色。

      3、accident,incident,event,conflict,trouble,occurrence,crash,crisis accident 事故,意外。意想不到的事情,往往引起損傷或傷害;incident

      事件,小插曲。事變(外交,政治中的政變);event 特指重大事件;conflict 沖突,矛盾;trouble 煩惱,麻煩;occurrence 1,發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)。2,突發(fā)事件;crash 使(飛機(jī))墜毀、使(車輛)猛撞等;crisis 危機(jī),緊急關(guān)頭。

      4、currency,income,wage,bonus,salary,award,reward,fee,allowance,honour,benefit,profit,interest,prize,wealth,capital,money,cash,coin,fund,debt,loan currency 流通貨幣,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)用詞;Income 泛指收入;Wage 特指工資;Bonus 指提成的獎(jiǎng)金;Salary = wage + bonus 薪水;Award 授予的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),包括獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的獎(jiǎng)金;Reward 回報(bào),報(bào)酬,酬金;Fee 泛指費(fèi)用;Allowance 表示津貼,補(bǔ)貼;honour 榮譽(yù),名譽(yù)。常用 in honour of,以?.為紀(jì)念,向?表示敬意;benefit 名詞:利益。動(dòng)詞:對….有益 be benefit to;profit 名詞:1,好處,益處。2,利潤。動(dòng)詞:有益于,有利于 vt,及物動(dòng)詞;interest 名詞:1,興趣,愛好,2,利息。動(dòng)專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      詞:對….感興趣;prize 獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;Wealth 財(cái)產(chǎn),財(cái)富。既可指金錢財(cái)富,也可指精神財(cái)富;Capital 可以是形容詞和名詞。1,形容詞:大寫的,首要的,首都的。2,名詞:大寫字母,首都,表示金錢時(shí)指:本錢,本金;Money 錢的統(tǒng)稱,可以是紙幣,也可以是硬幣,也可以是用作貨幣的其他物品;Cash 指可以兌換的現(xiàn)金或現(xiàn)款;Coin 硬幣;fund基金;debt債務(wù);loan 貸款,借款。

      5、consideration,intention,determination,judgement,opinion,estimate,evaluation consideration 1,考慮,2,照顧,關(guān)心;intention 意圖,目的;determination 決心,決定;judgement/ judgment 判斷,審判,裁決;opinion 觀點(diǎn),想法;estimate 估計(jì),估價(jià);Evaluation

      評價(jià),估價(jià)。

      6、observation,obligation,objection,obstacle,object,obedience observation 注意,觀察;obligation 義務(wù),責(zé)任;objection 反對;obstacle

      阻礙,障礙;object 名詞:物體,對象。動(dòng)詞:object反對+ to;obedience 服從,遵守。

      7、position,career,profession,work,job,occupation,vocation,employment position 職位,職務(wù)。另:方位,位置,態(tài)度,立場等;career 職業(yè)生涯,終生從事的職業(yè);profession 尤指需要專門知識或特殊訓(xùn)練的)職業(yè)(如醫(yī)學(xué)、法律、工程、教學(xué)等);work 強(qiáng)調(diào)工作的內(nèi)容,不可數(shù)??梢宰鰟?dòng)詞;job,強(qiáng)調(diào)工作的份數(shù),可數(shù);occupation 經(jīng)常擔(dān)任的行業(yè),不一定有報(bào)酬。常常用于寫簡歷; vocation 是指經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后從事的職業(yè),需要一定職業(yè)技能;employment 帶有雇傭關(guān)系的職業(yè),領(lǐng)取工資以謀生計(jì),有較固定工作的職業(yè)。

      8、pace,rhythm,step,measure,rate,ratio,speed,pace 步伐,節(jié)奏;rhythm(文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、戲劇等中的)節(jié)奏,韻律;step 腳步,臺(tái)階,階層;measure 1,措施。2,測量,度量;rate 比例。常見搭配: at the rate of 以...的速度或比例;ratio 專業(yè)術(shù)語,比例,比率。用于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),數(shù)學(xué),法律中,等;Speed 速度。常見搭配:At the speed of。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      9、cheque,receipt,ticket,label,mark,sign,signal,symbol,code,stamp cheque 支票 ;receipt

      收據(jù),發(fā)票;ticket 普通用詞,票 ;label 標(biāo)簽,標(biāo)記。指詳細(xì)的表示,如商品標(biāo)簽;mark 商標(biāo),標(biāo)志。簡單的記號。多指商標(biāo);sign 符號,記號。如交通標(biāo)志;signal 信號 ;symbol 符號,象征。指具有象征意義的標(biāo)志,如十字架標(biāo)志;code 密碼,代碼 ;stamp 郵票。

      10、size,length,height,breadth,width

      size 尺寸,大小 ;length 長度 ;height 高度,身高 ;breadth 寬度,幅度。不但可以指物體的寬度。=width,還可以指胸襟、見解、觀點(diǎn)、興趣等的)寬廣,寬宏(大度)。

      11、mind,view,vision,landscape,picture,look,mood,temper,humor,passion,emotion,spirit,feeling,attitude mind 觀點(diǎn),想法。心里想的觀點(diǎn);view 看法,觀點(diǎn),看見的東西產(chǎn)生的觀點(diǎn)另:景色;Vision 視覺,視力,視野。書面用詞,含義廣泛,指人的視力或視野,也可指遠(yuǎn)見卓識;Landscape 風(fēng)景;Picture 畫面;Look 動(dòng)詞:看。名詞:表情,神情;mood 心情,情緒;temper 脾氣。Lose one’s temper , out of temper;humor 幽默,詼諧;passion 激情,熱情;emotion 情感,情緒。(如愛、恨、懼、憂、怒等);spirit 精神,心靈,靈魂;Feeling 感覺;Attitude 態(tài)度。

      12、assurance,insurance,guarantee,safety assurance 1,保證。2,保險(xiǎn),主要指人壽保險(xiǎn);insurance 任何類型的保險(xiǎn),也可指人壽保險(xiǎn);guarantee 保證書,保質(zhì)期;safety 安全,平安。

      13、no,none,neither,nothing,anything,something,one… the other, some ….The others, others, the others, another no 形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞;none 三者以上都不;neither 兩者都不;nothing but 只不過;anything + but 根本不,絕不;one….the other 一個(gè),另一個(gè);some ….the others, 一些,另一些;others,= other thing/ people;the others = the rest;another 泛指另一個(gè),沒有一定的范圍限制。在一定的范圍之內(nèi),一個(gè)另專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      一個(gè)用one….the other,一定范圍內(nèi)三者以上,除去一部分,另一部分用 the others。

      14、the other day,the next day,the following day,in two days,the other day 幾天前;the next day = the following day 第二天,次日;In two days 兩天之內(nèi)。將來的時(shí)間。

      15、among,between,one another,each other among 用于 三者以上的人之間;between 用于兩者之間;one another 用于三者以上;each other 用于兩者之間。二)名詞固定搭配

      1,balance between平衡;2,difference between 差異;3,link between 聯(lián)系;4,Ambition for

      雄心,抱負(fù),野心;5,sympathy for 對....的同情;

      6,confidence in 對....有信心;7,belief in 相信。Believe in 相信;8,success in 成功

      succeed in;9,dependence on 依賴于。Depend on 動(dòng)詞形式;10,emphasis on 強(qiáng)調(diào);11,impact on 對...的影響,對...的沖擊;12,influence on 影響;13,pressure on 對...有壓力;14,stress on強(qiáng)調(diào),重視;15,advantage over 優(yōu)越于;16,have/gain access to 接近,使用;17,attention to 注意;18,attitude to 態(tài)度,看法;19,exposure to。動(dòng)詞:expose to 暴露于,曝光于。20,(in)response to 相應(yīng);21,(in)accordance with 與....保持一致;22,association with associate with 與....有關(guān);23,combination with。Combine with 同....結(jié)合,24,compromise with 放棄,妥協(xié);25,contact with 與....接觸,聯(lián)系;26,encounter with 與....相遇

      二、動(dòng)詞 一)重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞辨析

      1、Occur;happen;take place。

      Happen強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性;take place指有計(jì)劃的使某事發(fā)生;occur是一般用詞,可指某事情偶然發(fā)生或者按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行,跟to短語時(shí),表示“想到”,+somebody。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      2、Range;vary;change;alter;transform;turn;reform Range一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的變動(dòng),一般與from連用表示從….到….變化。也可以是名詞,1,一系列:a range of。2,變化范圍,幅度;Vary 不規(guī)則的,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的,因人而異的變化;Change 改變的與原物完全不同,以舊換新的變化;Alter 局部的,外表的變化,但特點(diǎn)不變;Transform 比vary 更徹底的變化。變革;Turn 外表,顏色,氣味,性質(zhì)等方面的變化,比change更通俗;Reform 改革

      3、transfer;transform;transmit;transport;transit;transplant Transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)讓;Transform 徹底的改變;Transmit 傳播,傳導(dǎo)(信號,天線,疾病等);Transport 運(yùn)輸。名詞或動(dòng)詞。另:transportation 交通運(yùn)輸,名詞;Transit 經(jīng)過;運(yùn)送。名詞或動(dòng)詞;Transplant 移植、移種、移居。

      4、comprise;consist;constitute;compose。都有組成,構(gòu)成的意思

      Comprise 及物動(dòng)詞,兩種用法,整體和部分都可以在前,常用語主動(dòng)語態(tài),也可以用被動(dòng)。be comprised of;Consist 只能用作主動(dòng)。不及物動(dòng)詞,常用搭配是Consist of;Constitute 兩個(gè)意思1,組成,構(gòu)成,及物動(dòng)詞2,建立,制定。常用語主動(dòng)語態(tài);Compose 一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài) be composed of。

      5、interfere;intervene;interrupt;trouble;disturb;

      Interfere 干預(yù),干涉。不及物動(dòng)詞。常與 with,in連用。指未獲允許干涉他人的事情;Intervene 干涉,干預(yù),介入。書面用語,語氣較重。常與in 連用。指介入爭端,進(jìn)行調(diào)停等;Interrupt 打斷。vi和vt都可。注意和break in 的區(qū)別。Interrupt指打斷(說話無法繼續(xù)),break in指插話(說話仍可繼續(xù)),非法闖入;Trouble 使煩惱,麻煩;Disturb 打擾,妨礙。

      6、rise;arise;arouse,raise Rise,vi,意為“升起,增高,增漲”-----rise(rose,risen);arise,vi,意為“開始發(fā)生,出現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生”----arise(arose,arisen;且arise from“起源于,發(fā)生于”固搭;raise,vt,意為“招募,養(yǎng)育,提高,舉起,提出等含義;arouse,vt,意為激起,喚醒。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      7、be attracted to/by 被…所吸引;Be concentrated on 集中于;Be involved in 涉及,卷入,陷入;Be drawn to 被….所吸引。

      8、embarrass;disappoint;discourage;disappear;disaster

      Embarrass 使尷尬,使窘促不安;Disappoint 使失望;Discourage使氣餒,失去信心;Disappear消失,失蹤;Disaster 名詞:災(zāi)難 9,affect; effect;impact;infect;reflect;influence Affect 動(dòng)詞,影響。affect=have an effect on;Effect 名詞:效果,效應(yīng)。常常與on連用。動(dòng)詞:實(shí)現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生;Impact 動(dòng)詞或名詞:影響。指具體事件的影響(一般指收入,利潤,利益等);Infect 傳染,感染;Reflect 反射,反映;influence影響,“感化”。側(cè)重內(nèi)在的,潛移默化的影響使一個(gè)人的行為或思想發(fā)生改變。10,adjust;adapt;adopt;suit;fit Adjust 1,適應(yīng);2,調(diào)整,校對+to。主要用于調(diào)整角度、高度、光線等;Adapt 1,適應(yīng)。一般用于適應(yīng)新的條件或環(huán)境。用于適應(yīng)的意思時(shí),和adjust用法一樣。2,改編,編寫;Adopt 1,收養(yǎng),撫養(yǎng)。2,采用,采納;Suit 做動(dòng)詞時(shí),表明適合要求,賓語一般是人。做名詞指:一套衣服;Fit 一般用詞,vi & vt。指人或物適合或適應(yīng)某一目的或用途。賓語可以是人,也可以是物。

      11,come to/ draw /arrive at/ reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論。

      12,prevent;preserve;forbid;ban;prohibit;object;restrain ;oppose;fight Prevent 1,預(yù)防。2,阻止+from;Preserve 保護(hù),保持,維持;Forbid 禁止,一般用 forbid sb to do sth;Ban 禁止,指由于社會(huì)壓力或譴責(zé)而禁止做某事。一般用 ban….from sth/doing ;Prohibit 禁止。指法律等做出的正式規(guī)定的禁止。一般用prohibit sb from sth/doing ;Object 后加 to 為介詞,意思是:反對,to是介詞;Restrain,vt,抑制,克制,約束。名詞:restrain;Opposevt或vi,反對。一般用oppose + sth 或 be opposed to do sth;Fight 打架,斗爭.Fight against 反對。13,intend to; tend to;incline to ;lean to;be apt to 專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      Intend to 打算做某事;Tend to 傾向于;Incline to 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) be inclined to do sth傾向于;Lean to 向….傾斜。意思為動(dòng)作的傾斜;Be apt to = tend to 傾向于 14,acquire;require;inquire;request Acquire 取得,獲得= obtain;Require 需要,需求;Inquire 打聽,咨詢;Request 請求,要求。

      15,cure,heal;recover;treat Cure 治愈內(nèi)科疾病,感冒,發(fā)燒,肚子疼,頭疼等內(nèi)科疾??;Heal 治愈外傷,傷口,燒傷等外科疾?。籖ecover 恢復(fù)(體力,健康,能力等);Treat 普通用詞,賓語一般是人。指接受并治療病人。

      16,harm;hurt;wound;injure;damage;disable;spoil;destroy;ruin;wreck Harm 指身體或感情上受傷,一般用 do harm to sb;Hurt 指身體或感情上受傷,及物動(dòng)詞,直接+ somebody;Wound 指在戰(zhàn)爭,暴力或武器中受的傷;Injure 在事故,災(zāi)難中受傷;Damage 指無生命物體的損壞,破壞;Disable 受傷致殘;Spoil 由于縱容或者你愛造成的性情的扭曲。溺愛,寵壞;Destroy 指徹底的破壞;Ruin 由于外部原因,致使徹底毀滅;wreck車輛船舶的毀壞。17,strike at;strive for;stick to ;stand for

      Strike at 攻擊,襲擊;Strive for/ after 為…而努力,奮斗;Stick to 粘住,黏?。粓?jiān)持做…;Stand for 代表,支持,象征。18,bring,carry,take,fetch,get Bring 帶來,拿來;Carry 把物品從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方,不涉及方向,只強(qiáng)調(diào)方式;Take與bring的方向相反,指從說話者的地點(diǎn)把某物帶走,側(cè)重方向,不強(qiáng)調(diào)方式;Fetch:指一來一回。相當(dāng)于 go and bring 指取了東西再返回出發(fā)出;Get,口頭用語,相當(dāng)于fetch。19,cost;spend,take;pay;expend Cost指花費(fèi)事件,金錢,勞力等。主語必須是物;Spend,與cost 同意,主語是人;Take 普通用詞,指占用事時(shí)間,金錢,經(jīng)歷等。主語可以是人也可以是物。常專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      用it takes....to do sth;Pay 常與for 連用,表示花費(fèi);Expend 一般搭配是: expend +金錢,時(shí)間,經(jīng)歷+ on sth/ doing sth.20,recognize;realize;recover;remember,resemble Recognize:原來認(rèn)識,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后認(rèn)出某人;Realize 原來不認(rèn)識或不知道,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后才意識到;Recover 恢復(fù)。不一定指人,也可指事物的恢復(fù);Remember 想起來,記起來;Resemble 像,類似+ in somebody 21,notice;see;watch;observe Notice 意思是:注意。偶爾看到的,細(xì)小的但可能是重要的事情;See 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的結(jié)果,意思是看見;Watch 看到事物變化發(fā)展的過程;Observe 從不同的角度長時(shí)間的觀察,并研究。

      22,accuse,charge,scold,blame,curse Accuse+ of 指責(zé),指控;Charge 動(dòng)詞或名詞。1,收費(fèi)。2,控告3,掌管,負(fù)責(zé);Scold 責(zé)罵,責(zé)備;Blame 責(zé)備,責(zé)怪;Curse 詛咒,咒罵。23,inherit,inhibit,inhabit

      Inherit 繼承;Inhibit 阻止;抑制;inhabit 居住于, 棲居于 24,seat,sit seat,可以表示“坐”的意思,是及物動(dòng)詞,用被動(dòng)語態(tài);sit是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面必須加上介詞。

      25,attribute to,contribute to,devote to,dedicate to,owe to Attribute to 認(rèn)為?是;歸因于;Contribute to 促成,導(dǎo)致,有助于;Devote to致力于....;Dedicate to,獻(xiàn)(身)于?;Owe to 1,欠?(某物);2,把?歸功于 二)動(dòng)詞固定搭配

      1、Break的搭配

      Break out(戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快事件)突然發(fā)生, 爆發(fā) ;Break down 損壞,拆散,失?。籅reak in 非法闖入;插話;Break through 突破,突圍;Break off 中斷,中止

      2、bring 和come的搭配

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      bring about 導(dǎo)致,造成,引起,產(chǎn)生;come about發(fā)生 ;bring back 帶回,還回,使想起;Bring out 使出版;出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)= arise;Come out 出現(xiàn),出版,顯現(xiàn);Bring up 提出、教育,養(yǎng)育;come up 出現(xiàn);come up with 提出...想法;come up against 遭到....反對;Bring down 1,減少,降低,2,打敗,擊垮;Bring forward 提出;Bring off 成功完成….;come across= run into= happen to meet = encounter 偶然相遇;come to 共計(jì)。

      3、call的搭配

      call for 去接,去取….、需要、要求;call on 拜訪、號召,呼吁;call out 大聲叫喊,大聲說出;call up 給….打電話、使回想起,使回憶起;call off 取消、停止

      4、carry 的搭配

      carry off 搶走、竊走;carry on 經(jīng)營,從事、繼續(xù)進(jìn)行….;Carry out 執(zhí)行,貫徹、完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)

      5、Count 的搭配

      count in 把...算在內(nèi);count out 不把?考慮在內(nèi) ;count up 加起來, 算出總數(shù) ;count down 倒數(shù)到零或規(guī)定的時(shí)間 ;count on 依賴, 依靠 = depend on = rely on

      6、Get的搭配

      get over 克服,解決。困難,疾病等;Get along 1,進(jìn)行,進(jìn)展 ;get along with = get on with 與某人和睦相處;Get through 1,穿過;通過 2,接通電話

      7、Give 的搭配

      give in 讓步,屈服。=Give away to= yield to;give back 歸還,恢復(fù)

      另:bring back 帶回,還回;give off 指煙,熱,光等 散發(fā),釋放;give up 放棄;give out = hand out 分發(fā),分給

      8、Go 的搭配

      go off 1, 離開,離去:2,(水電等)被切斷,(煤氣等)用完;go after 追求,追捕; go(a)round 1,四處走走,2,(消息等)傳開;go along with 1,陪伴,陪同(簡單)=keep sb company 2,支持,贊同= agree with ;go into 1,進(jìn)入2,= investigate 調(diào)查,研究;go over = review 復(fù)習(xí); go out 1,外出,出去。2,熄滅

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      9、hand 的搭配

      hand out 分發(fā),分給;hand down 傳承,傳遞;hand over 交出,交給;hand in 上交,遞交

      10、hang的搭配

      Hang up 1,掛斷電話,2,把.....掛起來;Hang about 徘徊,閑蕩 ;Hang on 1,.堅(jiān)持下去: 2.抓緊不放,緊緊握住:。

      11、hold 的搭配

      hold up 舉起= put up、阻礙,延誤;hold on 保持通話;堅(jiān)持;hold off 推遲。

      12、look 的搭配

      look around 四處觀望;Look up 1,向上看 2,查找;Look out 當(dāng)心 ;look down upon/on 看不起,輕視

      13、lay的搭配

      lay out 陳設(shè),陳列;lay off 解雇,裁員;lay aside 把....放到一邊、儲(chǔ)存,注意:任何一個(gè)動(dòng)詞+aside意思都是把....放到一邊、儲(chǔ)存;lay down 放下,躺下

      14、Make的搭配

      make out 理解, 明白 ;Make off 逃跑;make up 構(gòu)成;make up for補(bǔ)償, 彌補(bǔ)

      15、put的搭配

      put aside 放到一邊,儲(chǔ)存;Put away 1.收起來, 放好 2,儲(chǔ)蓄,儲(chǔ)存;

      Put across 1.用欺騙的方法使(某人)接受或相信 2.〈非正〉解釋, 被理解 ; Put down 1,放下,2,記下,寫下=write down、put down、set down、take down;put off 推遲;put up 建造,建立;舉起;提出;put out 撲滅,熄滅、出版,發(fā)布

      16、set的搭配

      set aside,1,把?存儲(chǔ)起來;抽出(時(shí)間等);Set up 建立,建造, 創(chuàng)立, 豎立 = put up ;Set in 開始,到來,流行;Set down :放下、寫下,記下;Set out 1.動(dòng)身, 出發(fā) 2.著手, 開始

      17、take 的搭配

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      take after =resemble(在性格)像;與...相似;take apart 拆卸,拆開;take back = withdraw拿回、收回;take down 記下,寫下;take effect 生效;take....for granted 認(rèn)為?理所當(dāng)然, 想當(dāng)然 take in 1,=understand 領(lǐng)會(huì);理解 2,= absorb 吸收3,= cheat 欺騙;take off 1,脫掉脫去,移去2, 飛機(jī)起飛;take on 1,承擔(dān)責(zé)任2,雇傭=employ3,呈現(xiàn);take up 1,占據(jù)時(shí)間2,開始從事....;take part in 參加 ;take place 發(fā)生,舉行;take turns 輪流,依次。

      18、turn的搭配

      turn down 1,關(guān)小音量2,拒絕 ;turn up 1,開大音量2,出現(xiàn) ;turn out 結(jié)果是, 原來是 ;turn to 向...求助;turn on 打開;turn off 關(guān)掉;turn in 進(jìn)入、上繳,上交;turn over 把….反過來、仔細(xì)思考,深思。

      19、with的搭配:

      get on with 繼續(xù)做某事;與…和睦相處;put up with 容忍,忍受;Keep up with 跟上,不落后;Go on with 繼續(xù)做某事;come up with 提出。

      三、形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

      1,Willing;unwilling;reluctant;alert;intelligent;complacent;pleased;satisfied willing 樂意的,心甘情愿的,常用搭配:be willing to do sth;unwilling,willing的反義詞,不樂意的,不情愿的;reluctant:=unwilling 勉強(qiáng)的,不情愿的;alert 警惕,警覺;Intelligent:聰明的,智能的;Complacent:自滿的,得意的;Pleased 高興的;satisfied滿意的 2,dim;dark;vaguely;slightly;

      dim 暗淡的,昏暗的;dark 黑暗的,陰暗的;vaguely 模糊地,含糊的;slightly 輕微的,稍稍的。

      3,famous;noted;distinguished; popular;fashionable;vogue;prevalent;common;ordinary;general;usual;favorite;fond 專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      famous = noted= distinguished 著名的,聞名的。Be famous/ noted/ distinguished/ known for 以….而著名;Popular 流行的,受歡迎的。指大眾的愛好或喜好;Fashionable 時(shí)尚的,時(shí)髦的= vogue;Prevalent 普遍的,常見的,盛行的。指當(dāng)前社會(huì)普遍存在的;Common 用于指物,指很常見,不稀奇;Ordinary 指物,指每天都發(fā)生的,十分平淡無奇的。指人,指無特別之處,很一般;General 指大多如此,很少有例外;Usual 指常見或常做的事情,指習(xí)慣性;Favourite特別喜愛的,最喜歡的;Fond 喜歡 be fond of = like

      4,consequently;constantly;consistently;continuously;

      consequently 因此,所以;constantly 不斷地,時(shí)常地;consistently 一貫的,始終如一的;continuously 連續(xù)不斷的,接連的

      5,barely;hardly;rarely;scarcely;merely;nearly barely= hardly=rarely= scarcely 幾乎不,否定含義。merely 僅僅,只不過 = only;nearly 幾乎

      6,effect;affect;effective;efficient;efficacy;

      effect 名詞:影響,效果。動(dòng)詞,實(shí)現(xiàn);affect 動(dòng)詞,影響;effective 有效地,生效的;efficient 有能力的,效率高的;efficacy 名詞:效力,功效 7,respectful;respective;respecting;respectable;respected Respectful 恭敬的,有禮貌的;Respective 各自的,分別的 Respecting 關(guān)于,至于;Respectable 可敬的,值得尊敬的

      8,lively;alive;live;living;alone;lonely;single;unique;sole;only;individual lively 生動(dòng)的,活潑的;alive,live和living都可以表示生物“活著的”,alive 一般做后置定語,也可作表語。指本來有死的可能,但仍然活著。live 一般做前置定語,特指動(dòng)物:活著的。另:現(xiàn)場直播的, 實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的。living 可做前置定語,也可作后置定語,也可作表語。指在某個(gè)時(shí)候是活著的。The living 表示活著的人;Alone 1,副詞:單獨(dú),獨(dú)自;僅僅,只有=only表示只有本人,沒有外人2,形容詞:單獨(dú)的;Lonely 1,形容詞:孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的。2,形容詞:偏遠(yuǎn)的,人跡罕至專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線: 的;Single 單獨(dú)的,單一的;Unique 世界上獨(dú)一無二的;Sole 指物,表示專有的,獨(dú)有的,獨(dú)家的;Only 比unique的范圍稍小,僅有的;Individual:單獨(dú)的,個(gè)別的;個(gè)人的,個(gè)體的。9,particular;specific;peculiar;general;special;especial particular 特別的,特殊的;special=particular特殊的,特別的;peculiar

      含有“與眾不同”,“獨(dú)特”的意思;General 一般的,普遍的;especial

      意思是“特別的”,與special同義,但special的應(yīng)用較普遍。

      10,sometime;sometimes;some time; some times

      sometime 表示過去或?qū)淼哪硞€(gè)時(shí)候;sometimes 有時(shí)候;some time 一段時(shí)間;some times 幾次

      11,like;as;alike ;likely ;same;similar like 動(dòng)詞,喜歡。介詞:像。名詞:愛好;as 和like的區(qū)別:as表示和….一樣.like 表示 像….一樣;alike(a)是表語形容詞,通常它只能作表語。它前面不能用very修飾。只能用much或very much修飾;alike表示“相像”;當(dāng)作副詞時(shí),表示“一樣地,相似地”;Likely 形容詞或副詞:可能;same是形容詞、副詞或名詞,作形容詞的意思為“同一的,同樣的”。它無論作什么詞性,前面都應(yīng)有定冠詞或等指示代詞修飾。后常帶as或that;similar是形容詞或名詞,作形容詞的意思為“類似的,相似的”,后面常跟介詞to。

      12,plenty ;many;much;enough;adequate;sufficient ;deal;lot;most;too;very plenty of +可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。許多,大量;many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);much+不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或形容詞的比較級;enough :形容詞或副詞,足夠的,前面可以有形容詞修飾:比如 large enough,當(dāng)然也可以做形容詞直接修飾名詞;adequate 指充足的;Sufficient:足夠的,充足的。側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量達(dá)到某一特定的需求;deal:a great deal of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,a great number of 和 a great many of 修飾可數(shù)名詞;Lot : a lot of 和 lots of 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞;Most:1,形容詞:大部分,后可直接加名詞。2,副詞,最….的。常用the most +形容詞專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      構(gòu)成最高級。3,most of the +名詞,指 大部分;too,1,也,又。放在整句話的后面,表示同意。2,太,過于...,前面不能有fairly,very,quite修飾,但是可以有far,rather,much,a little,a lot,a bit 修飾。3,cann't....too....越....越好。Too.....to....太.....而不.....;very是一個(gè)副詞,需要修飾形容詞。13,precious;expensive;wealthy;dear ;valuable precious:寶貴的;expensive 昂貴的,值錢的;wealthy 富裕的;dear 親愛的,昂貴的;valuable 貴重的,值錢的;有價(jià)值的。常常指物。14,how soon/ long/far/often/fast how soon 指某件事情距離現(xiàn)在有多久會(huì)發(fā)生,回答用in;how long 指某件事情持續(xù)多長時(shí)間;或長度有多長。指多長時(shí)間時(shí),回答用 一個(gè)時(shí)段(for)two days。等;how far 是提問路程有多遠(yuǎn);How often 指事情發(fā)生的頻率有多快,常見的回答有 often;sometimes;usually,once/ twice a week等;How fast 提問速度有多快

      15,good,well,better,best good 形容詞:好的;well 副詞:好的。形容詞:健康的。名詞:井;better :good 的比較級當(dāng)兩者比較時(shí)用:the better of the two。只有句子中出現(xiàn)of the two,前面才用 the better;best 最高級,最好的 16,worth,worthy,worthwhile,worth while

      worth是一個(gè)只能作表語的形容詞,意思為“值??的”、“相當(dāng)于??的價(jià)值的”、“有??價(jià)值的”、“值得??的”。后接名詞、接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。

      worthy可作表語,也可作定語,既可以做前置定語,也可以做后置定語。作定語時(shí)意思為“有價(jià)值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“應(yīng)受到賞識的”;用作表語時(shí)意思為“值得??的”、“應(yīng)得到??的”,其后接of sth./ of being done,也可以后接to be done.,如果接動(dòng)名詞或者不定式都需要用被動(dòng)形式。

      worthwhile與worthy一樣,既可作表語,又可作定語,其做前置定語時(shí),用法和worthy 一樣,不能做后置定語。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花時(shí)間、專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      金錢或努力去做,一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意義的”解。用作表語時(shí),可接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。

      Worth while 分開的形式,worth 做動(dòng)詞。

      四、介詞連詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

      1,beside,besides,except,except for,apart from,in addition to,beyond,within,as well as,but for beside 在…的旁邊;

      except和except for 的區(qū)別:except用于表示同類事物之間的關(guān)系,其意為“除??以外”、“除去”;except for用于表示對主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定。它不表示同類事物之間的關(guān)系,可以用于句首。

      Except 和besides 的區(qū)別:①We all went except him.除他之外,我們都去了。(他沒有去)②We all went besides him.除他之外,我們大家也都去了。(他也去了)In addition to = besides; Apart from= besides/except;

      Beyond:超出,超過 常常+ one’s reach/control of sth; Within,beyond的反義詞。在…范圍之內(nèi); As well as 和….一樣,也….; But for 要不是,需要使用虛擬語氣。

      2,Increase to,increase by,increase with,increase in increase to表示增長到;increase by表示增長了;increase with ,隨?增長 ;increase in 在?方面增長

      3,By all means 當(dāng)然,一定可以= definitely;By any means 無論如何;By every means 用盡辦法= in all sort of way ;By no means 絕不

      其他的一些固定搭配參看課本上這一節(jié)劃到的重點(diǎn)介詞固定搭配。

      五、冠詞和數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      1,chapter x, the xth chapter 第幾章節(jié)的表達(dá)方法,只有這兩種是正確的。2,連字符 “-”,用于數(shù)詞和名詞之間,變成一個(gè)形容詞,表示“.....的”;注意:three month ' s 的用法是錯(cuò)誤的。后面不需要加所有格;基數(shù)詞和名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí)誤用復(fù)數(shù)。注意:所有的詞均需要用單數(shù)。

      3,分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)方法,前面是分子,用基數(shù)詞,后面是分母,用序數(shù)詞,前面超過一個(gè)后面就用復(fù)數(shù)。中間加不加“-”均可

      4,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有: many,few,a few,a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a(large/great/good)number of.可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:much,little, a little, a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of, a(large/great/good)amount/quantity /deal of

      語法

      一:時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 一)時(shí)態(tài)

      1,12種常見時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法,各種時(shí)態(tài)的基本表達(dá)方式以及時(shí)間順序。

      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì),特點(diǎn)或者客觀真理。常與always,often,usually等詞連用

      現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與continually,constantly,all the time 等詞連用

      現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表示已經(jīng)完成或存在的狀態(tài)。常與since,for,yet,already等詞連用 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在可能剛剛中止,也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

      一般過去式:表示過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與ago,yeaterday,when...等詞連用

      過去進(jìn)行時(shí):表示過去某一時(shí)間段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用詞語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣 過去完成時(shí):過去的過去,必須在過去的界定條件下才可以使用。常用 by +過去的時(shí)間/ 一般過去式的句子

      過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):動(dòng)作持續(xù)到過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間可能剛剛中止,也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      一般將來時(shí):將來的動(dòng)作,主語will,shall,be going to,be to 和be about to的區(qū)別

      將來進(jìn)行時(shí):將來的時(shí)間里可能持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 過去將來時(shí):表示從過去某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的事情

      將來完成時(shí):動(dòng)作要到將來某一時(shí)間完成。常用 by + 將來的時(shí)間/ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子

      2,make sure/certain,in case等詞 后面的從句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)

      3,主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài),從句可以為任何時(shí)態(tài)。主句為過去的時(shí)態(tài),從句必須是過去的時(shí)態(tài)。二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

      1,不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況:A:不及物動(dòng)詞

      B: 表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作的詞,如 cost,fit,lack,want,wish suit等

      2,感官動(dòng)詞(hear,feel,listen to,see,watch,notice等),使役動(dòng)詞:have,make,help,let等。被動(dòng)時(shí),需要將to補(bǔ)上。

      3,被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般都與其他考點(diǎn)綜合考察,當(dāng)看到選項(xiàng)有被動(dòng)選項(xiàng)時(shí),首先應(yīng)該考慮是否具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

      二,非謂語動(dòng)詞 一)動(dòng)詞不定式

      1,動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語動(dòng)詞的后面,用引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語。如果不定式作賓語而又跟有補(bǔ)語,這時(shí),通常要用“it”作形式賓語,而將不定式放到補(bǔ)語后面去。

      2,動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語:

      1)it is + adj+ for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      2)it is + adj+of sb.的句型一般表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等。

      3, 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語:①用不定式作定語時(shí),如果它與所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后面應(yīng)跟上必要的介詞。②不定式作定語,如果與他所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則不定式后面不能再帶賓語。

      4,動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語:①不定式能夠修飾作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞,在句中作狀語,這時(shí)不定式不能再帶賓語。②作狀語的不定式的邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致。

      5, 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài): 被動(dòng)式 to be studied;進(jìn)行式to be studying;完成式to have studied;被動(dòng)完成式to have been studied 6,有些動(dòng)詞要求省掉to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語:主要有:

      A:感官動(dòng)詞(hear,feel,listen to,see,watch,notice等),使役動(dòng)詞:have,make,help,let等。

      B:can not help but do(不得不);can not but do(不得不);cannot choose but do(只能);had better do(最好);would rather do(寧愿)

      7,兩個(gè)不定式由and,except,or,than連接時(shí),可以省略第二個(gè)to,由but連接時(shí),如果前面有do及其變形,可以省略第二個(gè)to,反之則不行。二)動(dòng)名詞

      1,it is no use/no good/useless/(not)wise/ worthwhile/ of great(no,little)importance 等句式,后加動(dòng)名詞

      2,常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞:admit,suggest, dislike, appreciate, enjoy, keep, prevent等。注意還有一些課本上的詞。

      3,動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語:如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí),則需要有自己的邏輯主語。但是,如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語相同,則不應(yīng)再有邏輯主語。邏輯主語可以用物主代詞和名詞所有格,也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞的普通格。例如:his/ him doing sth。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      4,動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài):完成式:having done;被動(dòng)式being done;完成被動(dòng)式:having been done

      5,既可以用動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)又可以用動(dòng)名詞的一些詞的意義區(qū)別:主要有:forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,go on + to do/ doing 6,allow, permit, forbid,encourage,advise后面無賓語時(shí),接doing;后面有賓語時(shí),接to do 7,動(dòng)名詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用

      1)have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time +(in)+doing 2)feel like + 名詞/動(dòng)名詞 “想要” 3)spend/waste time doing sth 4)cannot help doing sth.忍不?。ㄗ鍪裁矗?。這一句型要和can not help but do(不得不)以及can not but do(不得不)區(qū)分開來

      5)something need/want/require +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義;be busy doing sth.忙于干某事

      6)be worth doing sth.值得?

      7)What about/how about doing ?怎么樣? 三)分詞

      1,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞與分詞的否定形式是在它們的前面加not,never 2,分詞作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。不定式表示將來。

      3,分詞作狀語:1)分詞作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。2)分詞有時(shí)還可由連詞when,while,if,after,before,on,unless等詞引出,通常表示一種狀態(tài),當(dāng)這些連詞沒有主語的時(shí)候,其后可以直接跟一個(gè)分詞來表示一種伴隨狀態(tài),分詞的使用要和主句的主語保持一致。

      3)分詞作狀語時(shí),要特別注意其邏輯主語和主句謂語動(dòng)詞的一致性。否則,分詞必須有自己的主語。這種帶主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

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      4,分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:1)使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get的后面可以接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),keep的后面則接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。在“have+ sth.+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語補(bǔ)語所表示的動(dòng)作往往是由別人來完成的。也可以用have+sb/sth +現(xiàn)在分詞”,表示賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。也可以用Have + sb/sth+ do,表示一種狀態(tài),并不表示被動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。

      2)表示感覺的動(dòng)詞notice, find, see, watch, hear, smell, feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面用省掉to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語,通常表示(強(qiáng)調(diào))動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如果用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語,則通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

      5,分詞作表語:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的特征,常用于事物;過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài),常用于人?,F(xiàn)在分詞意思是“令人...”,過去分詞意思是“某人感到....”;分詞作表語時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞有“主動(dòng)”、“進(jìn)行”、等意義;過去分詞有“被動(dòng)”、“完成”等意義。

      6,分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài):1)過去分詞沒有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)

      2)現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài):完成式:having done;被動(dòng)式:being done。表示“正在被....”;完成被動(dòng)式:having been done

      三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

      常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can ,could,may ,might,must,should,ought to,need,dare,ought to.特別注意:沒有will 和would 1, can 表示能,could是它的過去式,May表示可能,might是它的過去式。

      語氣方面:can最直截了當(dāng),could 禮貌客氣,may既尊重又禮貌,might含做作的成分。

      2,must的含義,第一個(gè)含義是:必須。其否定回答一般是:need not 或者don't have to.專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      第二個(gè)含義是:肯定。其否定形式是can't 不可能。而mustn't 的意思是:禁止,絕對不行。

      3,need 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,一般只用于肯定句和疑問句中。當(dāng)然也可以作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意思是需要。需要注意的是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定用 needn't,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定用don't need.另:dare 同need的用法,一般用于否定句和疑問句中。往往具有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的意思。

      4,should 和ought to 的用法。其否定形式是:shouldn't 和ought not to。意思是:應(yīng)該。

      5,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have+ done Must have done 肯定已經(jīng)做過

      may/might have done 可能已經(jīng)做過....May/ might not have done 可能不會(huì)做過....Needn't have done 做了不必要或不需要做的事情。

      an/ could have done 可能已經(jīng) can/ could not have done 不可能已經(jīng)。

      Should/ ought to have done 應(yīng)該做的事情卻沒做。Should not have done/ ought not to have done做了不應(yīng)該做的事情。

      二)虛擬語氣: 第一,if 條件句。1,普通狀態(tài):

      1),對現(xiàn)在的虛擬:從句:If+主語+過去式(be--were)+...主句:主語+should/could/might/could + 動(dòng)詞原形+.....2),對過去的虛擬:If+主語+had+過去分詞+...主句:主語+should/could/might/could + have+過去分詞+.....3),對將來的虛擬:從句:If+主語+should/were to/ were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+...主句:主語+should/could/might/could + 動(dòng)詞原形+.....專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      2,if 條件句中的從句中有were,had,could,should??梢允〉鬷f,使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:只把were,had,could,should提到句首,其他的一律不倒裝。除非有weren't/ hadn't/ couldn't/shouldn't 這些分不開的形式。

      3,用介詞短語替代if條件句,其后的句子和if條件句主句的變化形式相同。這些詞包括:but,but for,with,without,under,otherwise等。如果這些詞后面+ 客觀事實(shí),主句表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,用 should/could/might/could + 動(dòng)詞原形。如果這些詞后面加一個(gè)具體的事情,就默認(rèn)這個(gè)事情為過去的事情,主句表示對過去的虛擬,用主語+should/could/might/could + have+過去分詞+.....。

      4,有些虛擬語氣是可以省略主句或者從句的,往往都是其前面或者后面有一個(gè)陪襯的句子。起到一個(gè)解釋說明的作用,中間是句號。這種題目要根據(jù)陪襯的句子來分析是對現(xiàn)在,過去,還是將來的虛擬。

      5,混和虛擬語氣。當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。往往主句或從句有一個(gè)明確的時(shí)間點(diǎn)來界定。

      第二,Wish/ if only/ even if(though)/as if(though)/ suppose,這幾個(gè)詞需要引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣,其變化形式基本同if條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣,需要注意的是:將來形式不同。這些詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣形式是: 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬:從句謂語用:過去式(were)

      對過去的虛擬:從句謂語用:had+過去分詞/ could have + 過去分詞 對將來的虛擬:從句謂語用:would/ could +動(dòng)詞原形 第三,過去式形式

      1, It is(high/ about)time(that),后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞用 過去式或者 should do,should 不能省略。

      2,would(just)rather/ sooner/ as soon,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用 過去式。注意這些詞在動(dòng)詞不定式中的應(yīng)用與這里的區(qū)別。第四,should do 形式,should 可省略。

      1,for fear that 和lest 從句謂語動(dòng)詞 用(should)do 專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      2,一些表示建議,要求,命令的動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。其名詞形式引導(dǎo)的從句。以及 it is + suggested that 的形式。

      這些動(dòng)詞有:suggest,insist,recommend,order,propose,urge,require,advise,request,desire,command,demand,arrange,move 等。

      其名詞性是有:suggestion,insistence , recommendation, order,proposal,urge, requirement,advice,request,desire,command, demand,arrangement,motion.另外還包括:necessity,decision,resolution,plan等詞

      3,it is + 形容詞+that,這些形容詞有:important,necessary,essential,advisable,better,vital等。

      四,定語從句:

      1,在非正式場合,that有時(shí)可用來代替關(guān)系副詞或相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞+which”,而且經(jīng)常全部省略,2,是用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞:

      方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。

      方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

      3,定語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句是一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí),從句的動(dòng)作與主句的同時(shí)發(fā)生,那么該從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)、用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。

      4,限制性和非限制性定語從句

      1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      2)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。

      3)非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。

      4)關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 5,介詞+關(guān)系詞

      1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。

      3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when、where,why,whose互換。

      4)在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可用復(fù)雜介詞,如:by means of(用,依靠),as a result of(作為結(jié)果)等 6,as, which 非限定性定語從句

      as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn): 1)as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。2)在the same和such之后,定語從句用as引導(dǎo)。

      3)as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句即可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí),后面常接下列句型。如:as is known, as is said, as is reported as is announced 等。

      7,一個(gè)先行詞后面可以跟一個(gè)以上的定語從句,這種現(xiàn)象叫雙重關(guān)系從句: He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem。他是我能找到的唯一解決這個(gè)問題的人。

      8,先行詞和關(guān)系詞合二為一:what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

      what = the thing that;whatever = anything that/which who= the person that whoever= anyone who/that 9,關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

      1)不用that的情況

      a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。b)介詞后不能用。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

      a)先行詞由the same, the very, the first, the last, the only, the one, all, no, much, few,little, none, any, every等時(shí),常用that, 而不用which b)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí),只用that。

      c)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí),只用that。

      10,定語從句可以是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式,但一般要使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“這種形式出現(xiàn)。

      五:狀語從句:

      一)時(shí)間狀語從句:when,while,as,after,before,as soon as,since,till/until, by the time 1,when, while, as 的區(qū)別:when即可引導(dǎo)延續(xù)性又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)詞,還可以表示從句動(dòng)作在主句之前或之后發(fā)生;while必須引導(dǎo)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,又可表示類比;as表示一邊,一邊。引導(dǎo)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作

      2,Before引導(dǎo)的句子,主句時(shí)間在前,從句時(shí)間在后,after引導(dǎo)的句子,主句時(shí)間在后,從句時(shí)間在前。

      3,since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is +時(shí)間+since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。

      4,as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,once 表示“一....就”。Hardly....when, no sooner....than意思與此相同,但是主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去式。

      5,each time, every time 和whenever 每次,每當(dāng)。二)地點(diǎn)狀語從句:

      1,wherever/ anywhere = no matter where 2, everywhere:每個(gè)地方 三)條件狀語從句:

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      1,unless= if not 除非

      2,as long as,so long as 只要;in case以防,以免

      3,on condition that,providing that, provided that,supposing/supposed that, =if 四),原因狀語從句

      1,because 表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)

      2,since表示已知原因,語氣比because弱

      3,seeing(that), now(that), considering(that), in that, given that 意思為“既然,因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

      4,as表示雙方都知道的原因,一般用于句首 5,for引導(dǎo)的原因只能放在主句之后并且用逗號隔開 五),目的狀語從句

      1,so that 以至于= in order that,另外還有for the purpose that,so much so that.六),結(jié)果狀語從句

      1,so....that ,such....that :so+adj/adv, such+n 2,to the degree(that), to the extent(that), to such a degree(that), to such an extent(that)So和such的區(qū)別:such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。1,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞錢有不定冠詞與形容詞是,so和such的位置不同。So+adj/adv + a/an + n;Such + a/an + adj + n 2,so 后即使有形容詞,也不能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而such可以。3,名詞前有many,much,little,few修飾時(shí),需要用so,不用such,但是當(dāng)little表示“小”而不表示“少”的意思時(shí),用such 七)讓步狀語從句

      1,as,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,需要倒裝:adj/adv+ as/though+主語+謂語。但是although不能,他們不能與but連用

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      2,even if 和even though :即使

      3,no matter +疑問詞 = 疑問詞+ ever 不管.....都。注意:no matter how 和however后要直接加形容詞或者副詞+主語+謂語

      4,despite= in spite of 盡管,他們要使用狀語從句需要用despite/ in spite of the fact that...5,while有時(shí)也可表示讓步的意思:雖然。位于句首。八),比較狀語從句

      1,同級比較:as +adj + as,not so(as)+ adj + as;比較級: adj比較級+ than;最高級:the most+ adj,the +adj最高級。

      2,倍數(shù)的表達(dá):主語+謂語+倍數(shù)+as + adj+ as;主+謂+倍數(shù)+more than;主+謂+倍數(shù)+the size,amount,length+ of 3,the 比較級.......The比較級。主句與從句句式要一致

      4,(Just)as.....(so).....正如......,......也.....,主句與從句句式要一致

      5,more than的用法:多于,不止;More than+adj:很,非常; No more than 只不過,not more than 不如;more+ adj + than +adj,肯定前者,否定后者,是.....而不是.....6,as far as 和so far as 1,表示直到....為止。前者用于肯定句,后者用于否定句。2,表示就....而言,兩者可以互換 九)方式狀語從句

      1,引導(dǎo)詞有:as 正如,as if/though 好像,引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣; the way 正如。

      六:名詞性從句:

      疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語,表語和賓語從句:1,疑問詞本身有意義,2,疑問詞在句子中做成分,3,從句用陳述語氣。這些疑問詞有:who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how包括whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,whichever,注意:沒有whomever。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      一)主語從句

      1,主語從句常用it做形式主語,也可以以疑問詞或者that,whether放在句首引導(dǎo)的正常句式的主語從句,要學(xué)會(huì)使用。引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不能省略,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that可以省略。

      2,whether既可以引導(dǎo)主語也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句,whether后可以加or not,if不行。作介詞賓語時(shí)不用if 二)賓語從句

      1,可用疑問詞,that和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

      2,think,believe,suppose,expect 等動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,其否定形式為將think變?yōu)榉穸?/p>

      3,當(dāng)賓語從句后還有補(bǔ)語時(shí),it做形式賓語,而將整整的賓語從句放在句尾 4,that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞后面。如sure,certain,doubtful,worried,glad,happy等 三)同位語從句

      1,同位語從句常見的引導(dǎo)詞:news,fact,idea,truth,suggestion,doubt,belief等。起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。其引導(dǎo)詞只能是that,而主語從句,賓語從句和表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是疑問詞,that或whether,if。注意其與定語從句的區(qū)別。四)表語從句

      1,表語從句:可以用that引導(dǎo),也可以用疑問詞引導(dǎo)。正式文體中不省略,非正式文體中省略。

      七,強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句 一)強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1,強(qiáng)調(diào)非謂語:

      1)一般句式:it is/was +強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+ that/who/whom+ 其他成分 2)注意一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

      3)注意not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句,it is not until....that.....專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      4)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),that或who后面的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語 5)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句,定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別。2,強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語:

      助動(dòng)詞do的各種變形+動(dòng)詞原形。謂語動(dòng)詞只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)能強(qiáng)調(diào),即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,do有人稱的變化,第三人稱單數(shù)用does,一般過去時(shí)do 變成did。二)倒裝句

      1)完全倒裝:是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。

      1: 以here, there, now, then 等副詞開頭的句子中。習(xí)慣上用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(除以then開頭的句子用過去時(shí))。用完全倒裝。

      2: such放在句首可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意思是:“這就是”,用完全倒裝。

      3: 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞,介詞置于句首,需要使用完全倒裝。這些詞有in,away,up,out,down,under,behind,ahead等。

      2)部分倒裝:是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。

      1: 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝 部分倒裝。

      2: There be 句型當(dāng)中。There be 句型表達(dá)的意思是:“某處有?.”。這個(gè)句型的主語在謂語動(dòng)詞后面,因此這是倒裝語序。注意:there be 句型的時(shí)態(tài);當(dāng)have,has表示“有”的含義的時(shí)候,不能連用;there be句型的變形,用一些表示具體行為的動(dòng)詞代替be動(dòng)詞。

      3: 當(dāng)連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),句子要倒裝,as 相當(dāng)于though,可以替換。形容詞/副詞+as + 主語+謂語,主句。部分倒裝。

      4:虛擬語氣條件從句中的if 被省略時(shí),要把從句中的were, had 或should,could 移到主語之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should,could這三個(gè)詞時(shí)。)。部分倒裝。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      5:以so開頭的,表示“也一樣”,“也這樣”的句子要倒裝。So 用于肯定句,代替上文中的形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞,通常指前面所說的肯定情況也適用于其他人或物。結(jié)構(gòu)是“so + be(do, have 其他助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語”。注意:so后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要同前半句的第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞一致,如果只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,使用助動(dòng)詞。使用部分倒裝形式。注意:如果只是對前句的內(nèi)容表示同意,則不要倒裝。

      6:以neither與nor開頭的句子,表示“?也不”時(shí),句子倒裝。Neither 與nor 意思相同,可以互換。Neither, nor 用于否定句,通常指前面所說的否定情況也適用于其他人或物。結(jié)構(gòu)是:Neither(nor)+ be(do, have, 其他助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語。部分倒裝。Neither,nor后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要同前半句的第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞一致,如果只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,使用助動(dòng)詞。

      7:在表示祝愿的句子中,用部分倒裝。常見的有May, Long live 等。

      8:在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly?.when, no sooner?.than, by no means, under no circumstances 等開頭的句子中,主謂要倒裝。這些都是表示否定或半否定意義的詞或詞組。,部分倒裝。

      9:在以“only+狀語”開頭的句子中,主謂要倒裝。這里only后面必須跟有它修飾的狀語或狀語從句,這是關(guān)鍵。否則就不倒裝。

      八、、主謂一致 一)就近原則。

      1,Or,either...or, neither...nor, not only...But also.引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要同離主語最近的主語一致。

      2,如果there be 后面有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列主語時(shí),謂語也和最臨近的那個(gè)一致。如果there be后面只有一個(gè)主語,就和那個(gè)主語保持一致。二)首主語決定原則。

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      成才熱線:

      當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由as well as, as much as,with,along with, together with, including, followed by, like, unlike,except, but, besides,rather than 等詞連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞由第一個(gè)主語決定。

      三)單數(shù)原則。即謂語動(dòng)詞需要使用單數(shù)。

      1,many a,more than one + 主語。即使主語是由and 連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。

      2,either,neither,every,one,no,each,the other,another做主語,或這些詞+名詞做主語時(shí)。即使主語是由and 連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。

      3,a/this/that + kind/sort/type/pair....形容詞+of 做主語時(shí)

      4,some/any/no/every + thing/one/body 做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。做賓語時(shí),同賓語決定原則,謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

      5,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,介詞短語,wh—+ to do,名詞性從句等做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。注意:如果是由and或both and等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的這種類型的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      6,furniture,baggage/laggage, machinery,clothing,jewelry等集體名詞做主語時(shí)。7,表示時(shí)間,距離,金錢,重量等詞,盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是作為整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)數(shù)詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      8,如果是由and 連接的一個(gè)人或一件事情,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。四)復(fù)數(shù)原則。即謂語動(dòng)詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)

      1,and,both....and...引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語,注意:單數(shù)原則的1,2 兩點(diǎn)的例外。2,復(fù)型名詞:glasses,shoes,socks,gloves等詞

      3,people,police,cattle等詞,注意people作為民族的意思時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞,有單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。

      五)賓語決定原則。即謂語動(dòng)詞由其后所帶的賓語決定。

      1,what,who,which等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句,其謂語動(dòng)詞由句子的賓語決定。

      專升本大綱詞匯表

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      2,there be 句型,包括there be 句型的變形形式。即be動(dòng)詞可以使其他的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,如:seems,happened,appears等等。六)集體名詞原則

      1,群體名詞:family,army,crowd,population等詞,即如果這些名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),考慮到整體的每一個(gè)成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2,all+句子。原則同上。

      3,the+adj,表示一類人時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。表示抽象概念是,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),大多數(shù)情況下,表示一類人。

      七)主語名詞決定原則。即謂語動(dòng)詞由主語中的名詞決定。

      1,any,more,some,half,most,all,none....+ of 做主語時(shí),或者這些詞直接加名詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞往往與這個(gè)名詞相一致。如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      2,a+單數(shù)名詞+or two做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);one or two +復(fù)數(shù)做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      3,means,works 等單復(fù)數(shù)通行的詞作主語時(shí),如果前面有each,every,no,either,neither等表示單數(shù)概念的詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果由all,both,some,any等表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      4,分?jǐn)?shù),百分比+of+名詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞保持一致。

      5,a number of +名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of +名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6,the rest 引導(dǎo)的句子,如果只剩下一個(gè),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果剩余兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      7,在句子中,真正的主語可以被of,in,at,on等介詞引導(dǎo)的定語所修飾,在做定語從句等相關(guān)的題目時(shí),要找出句子真正的主語或先行詞,不要被這些介詞所引導(dǎo)的定語所迷惑。

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      另:插入語和反義疑問句。

      插入語

      一個(gè)句子中間插入一個(gè)成分,它不作句子的何種成分,也不和句子的何種成分發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,同時(shí)既不起連接作用,也不表示語氣,這個(gè)成分稱之插入語。并不影響句子的使用。常見的插入句如下: I think / hope / expect / believe / suppose,I am sure(我可以肯定地說),that is(to say)(也就是說),what's more,what's worse,what is important / serious(重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是),as we all know(眾所周知)等。注意:I think / hope / expect / believe / suppose等結(jié)構(gòu)在疑問句中為do you think / hope / expect / believe / suppose

      反義疑問句

      大的原則:前半句為肯定句,反義疑問句就用否定。前半句為否定句,或者帶有半否定詞的句子,后半句反義疑問句則用肯定。

      1.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I,而句子又用來征詢對方的意見時(shí),附加疑問句中的主語用you。

      2.如果陳述部分用I’m?結(jié)構(gòu),附加疑問部分一般用aren’t I。3.當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問句中的主語也用there。

      4.陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),附加疑問部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。

      如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴,那么,該陳述部分作肯定處理,附加疑問部分一般仍用否定形式。

      5.當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時(shí),附加疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系。

      但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I,謂語是think, believe, suppose, expect這類動(dòng)詞時(shí),附加疑問部分則往往與從句中的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。6.當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句,附加疑問句則需和就近的分句的主語和謂語一致。

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      7.在由“祈使句+附加疑問”構(gòu)成的附加疑問句中,附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you, would you。

      但是,以let’s開頭的祈使句,附加疑問部分用shall we;以let us開頭的祈使句,如果含義是allow us,不包括聽話人在內(nèi),疑問部分用will you。

      8.當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí),疑問部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。9.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí),疑問部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。10.當(dāng)陳述部分含有had better時(shí),疑問部分用had。

      in advance 事先;提前 on purpose 故意

      adjust to(使)適應(yīng)于,把...調(diào)節(jié)到 apply for 申請,請求

      assign to 指派,選派 attempt at 企圖,努力

      attribute to 把...歸因于,歸咎于 belong to屬于

      benefit from 受益,獲益 burst out + V-ing 爆發(fā),突然發(fā)作 catch up with 趕上 combine with 結(jié)合,聯(lián)合,化合 concentrate on 集中,專心

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      cope with 對付,應(yīng)付

      count on 倚靠,指望

      deal with 處理,論述,涉及 dedicate to 奉獻(xiàn),把...用在depend on/upon 依靠,信賴,取決于 differ from 不同 engage in 使從事于,使忙于

      equip with 裝備,配備 exchange for 交換,調(diào)換,兌換 figure out 計(jì)算出;領(lǐng)會(huì)到

      find out 查明,發(fā)現(xiàn)

      focus on(使)聚焦,(使)集中 hear of/about 聽到 hear from 收到...的(來信)can/could not help +V-ing 禁不住,忍不住hinder from 阻止,妨礙

      involve in 卷入,陷入;牽涉,包含 leave behind 留下,忘記帶 major in 主修,專攻

      object to 反對,不贊成

      persist in 堅(jiān)持不懈,執(zhí)意;持續(xù)

      plunge into 縱身投入,跳入;猛沖; 專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      point out 指出

      remind sb.of sth.使想起 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事

      resort to 求助;訴諸于,采取,憑借 respond to 響應(yīng),回答 result in 導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是 select from 挑選,選擇

      separate from(使)分離;(使)分開 settle down 定居;解決,調(diào)停

      share with 分與,分派,分配,分享,共用 specialize in 擅長于,專門研究,專攻 suffer from 忍受,遭受;使痛苦,患??; switch off 切斷,(用開關(guān))關(guān)掉 switch on 接通,(用開關(guān))開起 affect v.影響,傳染,感動(dòng) effort n.努力 effect n.結(jié)果,影響

      effective adj.有效的;卓有成效 apply v.申請 application n.申請書

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      applicant n.申請人

      aware adj.意識到的,知道的

      unaware adj.沒有意識到的(反義詞)appreciate v.欣賞,感謝,正確評價(jià) appreciation n.欣賞,感謝

      benefit n.益處,好處 v.有益于,受益 campus n.(大學(xué))校園

      candidate n.候選人,報(bào)考者,申請者 capable adj.有能力的,能干的 career n.職業(yè),生涯,經(jīng)歷 case n.案例,情況,事實(shí),病例

      challenge n.挑戰(zhàn),艱巨任務(wù) v.挑戰(zhàn),要求試common adj.共同的 character n.性格

      chase v./n.追逐,追求,尋覓 contract v.收縮,縮小 n.合同,契約 cheat v./n.欺騙,作弊,騙子,欺騙行為 check v./n.檢查,核對 n.支票 circumstance n.情況,形勢,境遇 complain v.抱怨,申訴

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      complaint n.抱怨,申訴,疾病

      compete v.競爭,比賽 competition n.比賽,競爭

      competitive adj.競爭激烈的;充滿競爭的convenient adj.方便的,舒適的 convenience n.便利,方便,公共廁所

      create v.創(chuàng)造,產(chǎn)生 credit n.信貸,信任 v.信任

      crisis n.危機(jī),決定性時(shí)刻,轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)(pl.crises)critical adj.決定性的,批判的,危急的 criticize/-ise v.批評,評論,指責(zé) cultivate v.栽培,培養(yǎng),耕作 culture n.文化,教養(yǎng) curiosity n.好奇心 custom n.習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗 customer n.顧客

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      direction n.方向,方位 disappear v.不見,消失 disaster n.災(zāi)難,大禍 discourage v.使氣餒,阻礙 emotion n.情感,激情,情緒 emphasis v./n.強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn)

      encourage v.鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)

      enforce v.實(shí)施,生效,強(qiáng)迫,執(zhí)行,加強(qiáng) enlarge v.擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)展,詳述 ensure v.保證,擔(dān)保,確定 enable v.是能夠,使有能力 enrich v.使豐富

      contrast...with...把……與……相對(對照)in contrast to/with和……形成對比 by contrast對比之下

      take sth.under control(被)控制住 out of control無法控制

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      be convenient to/for對……方便

      cope with(=deal with,try to find a solution to)應(yīng)付,處理 at all costs不惜任何代價(jià) at the cost of以……為代價(jià)

      emerge from(=appear,become known)出現(xiàn),暴露(問題,意見等)end up with以……而結(jié)束

      engage in或be engaged in忙于,從事 be equipped with裝備有,裝有

      except(=but)除了

      except for(=apart from)除……以外 be good for對……有好處;對……有作用

      be good at擅長于; be good to對……好

      take...for granted(=assume to be true)把……認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的 be in the habit of習(xí)慣于

      get(fall)into the habit of養(yǎng)成了……的習(xí)慣

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      live from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)度日,現(xiàn)掙現(xiàn)吃 at heart(=in reality)內(nèi)心里,實(shí)際上 in one's heart(of hearts)內(nèi)心深處,事實(shí)上 by heart(=by memory)熟記,背(誦)with all one's heart全心全意地,真心實(shí)意

      be ignorant of(=lacking knowledge)對……不了解,不知道 make(leave)an impression on sb.=give sb.an impression給……留下印象 make the most(use)of充分利用 gift

      talent by nature天生的,生來 in nature本質(zhì)上 natural

      name after用……的名字命名 none other than不是別人,正是…… nothing but只有,不過……而已

      it occurs to sb.that...某人想到……

      all at once(=suddenly,now)立即,馬上

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      once in a while(=occasionally)偶爾 in order井井有條,處于良好狀態(tài);

      out of order(=in bad condition)出毛病,發(fā)生故障

      participate in(=take part in)參加 be patient with對……耐心

      perform on the piano(=play the piano)演奏鋼琴 persist in堅(jiān)持,固執(zhí)

      in person親自,當(dāng)面 come to the point談主要問題

      there is no point in doing sth.沒必要做某事 point at(=indicate,direct attention)指著 point out(=indicate,show)指出,指明 popular with/among大眾所喜愛的,擁戴

      resort to訴諸于……,求助于……

      resort to force訴諸于武力

      respond to對……反應(yīng),響應(yīng),對(藥)有效

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      in response to(=as an answer to)回答,反應(yīng) be responsible for對……負(fù)責(zé),是造成……原因 result in(=cause)導(dǎo)致 with the result that其結(jié)果是 in return(for)作為報(bào)答;以報(bào)答(for)get rid of擺脫,去掉,除去 be in the right正確的;

      in the wrong錯(cuò)誤的

      give rise to(=lead to)引起,導(dǎo)致

      at the risk of(=with danger of)冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

      for the sake of(=for the good or advantage of)為了……起見 be satisfied with滿意 on a large scale大規(guī)模地

      on schedule 按時(shí),準(zhǔn)時(shí)

      ahead of schedule提前;in advance預(yù)先; behind schedule落后于計(jì)劃進(jìn)度,晚于規(guī)定時(shí)間

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      in search of尋找;

      in honor of為了表示對……敬意; in memory of為了紀(jì)念……; in pursuit of追求……; on behalf of代表……的利益; in favor of贊成……; in season 旺季

      in secret秘密地; in private私下

      share sth.with與……分享,分擔(dān),分?jǐn)?,共?be sorry about/for懊悔的,后悔的,難過的 specialize in專門研究,專攻 in spite of(=despite)盡管

      stick to粘著,堅(jiān)持

      stick to one's friend忠于朋友

      stick at(=continue to work hard at)繼續(xù)勤奮地致力于……; stick at one's books勤奮讀書

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      be strict with對……嚴(yán)格要求 be/go on strike罷工

      suffer from患……病;受……苦痛 be suitable for(=fit)適合……的 be surprised at對……驚奇; take...by surprise使……驚奇; to one's surprise使某人驚奇 in good taste大方,得體;(反意)

      in bad taste小家子氣

      in terms of(=with regard to;respectively)按照,根據(jù),在……方面 think of(=have the idea of)想到;(=consider)考慮;(=remember)想起 on second thoughts經(jīng)再三考慮之后 at the thought of一想到……

      for the time being(=temporarily)暫時(shí) in time(for)及時(shí)

      on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) at no time無論何時(shí)也不…… in on time(=very quickly)立即,馬上 at times(=occasionally)間或,時(shí)常

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      at all times(=always)始終,總是 be in use(=be used)被使用;

      be out of use(=be on longer used)不再被使用

      be used to+V-ing習(xí)慣于 used to+動(dòng)詞原形(過去常常做)in vain(=uselessly)徒勞

      be in the way(=obstructive)礙事,阻礙 by way of(=by going through)經(jīng)由,取道 by the way(=in addition)順帶地(轉(zhuǎn)移話題)in no way無論怎樣也不…… in a way從某種程度上說

      against one's will違心地,違背意愿地 in a word總之; in other words換言之; have a word with sb.談一談; have words with sb.爭吵; hav the last word有決定權(quán)

      詞 匯 表

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      成才熱線:

      A a(an)一,一個(gè) abandon 放棄,丟棄 ability 能力,才能 able 能干的

      abnormal 反常的,不規(guī)則的 aboard 在船(飛機(jī),車)上 abolish 廢除,取消 abortion 流產(chǎn),墮胎 about 大約,關(guān)于 above 在…上面,超過 abroad 到國外,遍布 abrupt 突然的,粗魯?shù)?absence 缺席,缺少 absent 缺席的,茫然 absolute 絕對的,確實(shí)的 absorb 吸收,接受 abstract 抽象的,摘要 absurd 荒謬的,可笑的 abundant 豐富的,充裕的 abuse 濫用,辱罵 academic 學(xué)術(shù)的,學(xué)院的 academy 院校,研究院;學(xué)會(huì) accelerate 加速,促進(jìn);增加速度accent 重音,口音;強(qiáng)調(diào) accept 接愛,認(rèn)可 access 接進(jìn);進(jìn)入;途徑

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      accessible 易接近的,可理解的 accident 事故,意外的事 accommodation 適應(yīng),膳食供應(yīng) accompany 陪伴,陪同,伴隨 accomplish 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn) account 解釋,說明 accountant 會(huì)計(jì),出納 accumulate 積累,積蓄,堆積 accuracy 準(zhǔn)備性;準(zhǔn)備度 accurate 準(zhǔn)備的,正確的 accuse 控告,指責(zé) accustomed習(xí)慣了的 ache 痛,想念 achieve 完成,達(dá)到 achievement 成就,實(shí)現(xiàn) acid 酸的,酸性物質(zhì) acknowledge 承認(rèn),感謝 acquaintance 認(rèn)識,熟人 acquire 獲得,學(xué)到 acquisition 獲得;獲得物 acre 英畝 across穿過,橫過 act 行動(dòng),表演 active積極的,活動(dòng)的 activity活動(dòng),活動(dòng)性 actor演員,男演員

      成才熱線:

      actress女演員 actual 實(shí)際的,現(xiàn)行的 acute尖的,急性的 AD 公元;廣告

      ad= advertisement 廣告,做廣告 adapt使適應(yīng),改編 adaptation改編,適應(yīng) add 加,進(jìn)一步說(或?qū)懀゛ddicted 沉溺的,上癮的 addition 加法,增加 address地址,住址 adequate充足的,任任的 adjust調(diào)整,校整,適應(yīng)于 adjustment 調(diào)整,校整

      administration管理,經(jīng)營,行政 admirable可贊賞的,堂堂的 admire羨慕,欽佩

      admission 允許進(jìn)入,入場費(fèi) admit 承認(rèn),接納

      adolescence 青春期,青少年 adolescent 青少年的,青春期的 adopt 采取,收養(yǎng) ore 崇拜,熱愛ad adult 成的人的,已成熟的 advance促進(jìn),提高,advantage 優(yōu)勢,利益 adventure 冒險(xiǎn),奇遇

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      advertisement 廣告,登廣告 advice 勸告,意見 advise 勸告,建議,通知 advocate提倡,提倡者 affair事情,事務(wù) affect 影響,感動(dòng) affection 愛,感情,作用 afford 提供,負(fù)擔(dān)的起 afraid 害怕的,恐怕 Africa 非洲

      African非洲的,非洲人的 after 在……后面,后來 afternoon下午,午后 afterward(s)然后,后來 again再,又,此外 against反對;倚靠 age 年齡,時(shí)代 agenda 議程,議事日程 agent 代理人,代理商

      aggressive 侵略的,有進(jìn)取心的ago 以前,……前 agree 贊同,一致,約定 agreement 協(xié)議,同意 agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的,農(nóng)藝的 agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)藝;農(nóng)學(xué) ahead 在前,向前,提前 aid 幫助,救護(hù)

      成才熱線:

      AIDS 愛滋病 aim 企圖,瞄準(zhǔn) air 天空,大氣;樣子 aircraft 飛機(jī),飛艇 airline 航線,航空公司 airmail 航空郵件,航空郵政 airplane 飛機(jī) airport 機(jī)場,航空港 airspace 空氣,空間,上空 alarm 驚恐;警報(bào)

      album 粘貼薄;相冊;文選 alcohol 酒精 alcoholic 酒精的 algebra 代數(shù)學(xué),代數(shù) alike 相似的,相象的 alive 活著的,有活力的 all 全部的,完全地 allergic 過敏的,極討厭的 alley 小徑,胡同

      allocate分配,把……撥給 allow 允許,承認(rèn),考慮到 allowance 允許,準(zhǔn)許,almost 幾乎,大概 alone 單獨(dú)的,唯一的 along 沿著,向前 alongside 在旁邊,橫靠 aloud 出聲地,大聲地

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      alphabet 字母表 already 已,已經(jīng) also 也,同樣;而且

      alternative兩者選一的;交替的 although 盡管,雖然 altitude 高度,高處

      altogether 完全,全部,總共 aluminium 鋁

      always 總是,一直,永遠(yuǎn) am是

      am./ am, AM./ AM 上午 amateur 業(yè)余的,業(yè)余愛好者 amazing 令人驚異的 America美國,美洲

      ambassador(ambassadress)大使,使節(jié) ambiguous 曖昧的,不明確的 ambition 野心,抱負(fù) ambulance 救護(hù)車;野戰(zhàn)醫(yī)院 among 在……中間 amount 數(shù)量,總計(jì) ample 充分的,足夠的 amuse 逗樂,使……開心 amusement 娛樂,消譴 analyse 分析,分解 analysis 分析,解析 ancestor 祖先,祖宗 ancient 古代的,古老的

      成才熱線:

      and 和;并且;那么 anecdote 軼聞,軼事 anger 憤怒,使……發(fā)怒 angle 角,角度,觀點(diǎn) angry 憤怒的;生氣的 animal 動(dòng)物;肉欲的 ankle 踝,腳脖子

      anniversary 周年,周年紀(jì)念日 announce 宣布,發(fā)表 annoy 使生氣,使惱火 annual 每年的,年報(bào) another 另一;別的 answer 回答,答復(fù) ant 螞蟻

      Antarctic 南極的;南極區(qū) antique 古代的,古物 anxiety 焦慮,擔(dān)心 anxious 焦慮的,渴望的 any 一些,任何

      anybody 任何人,無論誰 anyhow 無論如何;總之 anyone 無論誰,任何人 anything 任何事,一切 anyway 不管怎樣說,總之 anywhere 無論哪里,任何地方 apart 分開,相距 apartment 房間

      專升本大綱詞匯表

      apologize 道歉;辯解 apology 道歉;辯護(hù) apparent 表面的,顯然的 appeal 請求,呼吁,上訴 appear 出現(xiàn),顯露 appearance顯露,外觀 appendix 附錄;附屬物 appetite 胃口;愛好;欲望 applaud 喝彩,歡呼 apple 蘋果,蘋果樹 applicant 申請人

      application 申請,申請表,實(shí)用 apply 申請,應(yīng)用 appoint 任命,委派,指定 appointment 約會(huì),認(rèn)命 appreciate 欣賞,鑒別 appreciation 欣賞,鑒別 approach 接近,走近,處理 appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)?,撥款,占?approval 同意,贊成,批準(zhǔn) approve 贊成,同意,批準(zhǔn) approximately近似的,大約 apron 圍裙

      arbitrary 任意的,武斷的,專斷的arch 拱形,用拱連接 architect 建筑師,設(shè)計(jì)師 architecture 建筑,建筑學(xué)

      成才熱線:

      第三篇:2011年成人高考專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

      第一節(jié) 概 念

      一、開音節(jié)

      以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾、以“元音字母+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾、以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的音節(jié)都叫開音節(jié)。

      如:no,be,note。

      ★發(fā)音的元音字母:a,e,i,o,u

      二、閉音節(jié)

      以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)”結(jié)尾的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。

      如:map,plan,west。

      三、r音節(jié)

      以“元音字母+r”構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。

      如:car,doctor,teacher,dirty。詞匯與語法

      40個(gè)小題,共40分。

      從2002,2003年的考題看,語法占20――25分。

      第一節(jié) 名 詞(null)

      大綱要求掌握:

      一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

      二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

      三、名詞的所有格

      四、名詞在句子中的作用

      一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

      名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。

      可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體。如table,country。

      或表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如 family,people,committee,police。

      不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如air,tea,furniture,water。

      或表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work,information,advice,happiness。

      有些名詞在一種場合下是可數(shù)名詞,在另一種場合下是不可數(shù)名詞。

      如room 房間(可數(shù)),空間(不可數(shù))

      time 時(shí)間(不可數(shù)),次數(shù)(可數(shù))

      fish 魚(不可數(shù)),各種各樣的魚(可數(shù))

      比較下列例句:

      There are nine rooms in the house.(房間,可數(shù)名詞)

      There isnt enough room for us three in the car.(空間,不可數(shù)名詞)

      不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過在其前面加單位詞來表示。

      如: 一塊肉 a piece of meat

      兩條長面包 two loaves of bread

      三件家具 three articles of furniture

      一大筆錢 a large sum of money

      二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

      可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

      1.一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如:girls,books。

      ★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾,s發(fā)[z]

      2.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如:glasses,boxes,matches,bushes。

      ★以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾,es發(fā)[iz]

      3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加-es。如:city-cities,country-countries。

      4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如:heroes,tomatoes,potatoes。

      radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos 例外。

      5.f,fe 結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變f,fe為v再加-es。如:thief-thieves,leaf-leaves,half-halves,life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives。

      少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice。

      ★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      個(gè)別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses,Japanese,sheep,deer。

      三、名詞的所有格

      名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,起形容詞的作用。

      當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時(shí),所有格一般是在詞尾加 s。

      如:Jeans room,my daughter-in-laws friends,my daughters-in-laws friends,childrens books。

      如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s,則只需加。如:the teachers books,my parents car。

      時(shí)間名詞的所有格在后面加s,復(fù)數(shù)加。如:todays newspaper,five minutes walk。

      當(dāng)名詞表示無生命的東西時(shí),所有格常由“of”短語構(gòu)成。

      如:the top of the world,the cover of the book,Chinas capital。

      加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。

      如:the grocers,the tailors,the Smiths。

      ★名詞所有格考試常見部分是

      名詞表示沒有生命的東西時(shí),不能直接在其后加s。

      時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s,或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。

      四、名詞在句子中的作用

      名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語,有時(shí)可以作狀語。

      名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。

      1.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)

      His brother is an industrial engineer。

      The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

      ★the number of 表示數(shù)量,無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。

      Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

      ★two-thirds 三分之二

      幾分之幾作主語,謂語是單數(shù)形式。

      belong to 屬于某人

      Both of us are studying English。

      ★總結(jié):在名詞作主語時(shí),the number of 謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;

      幾分之幾,謂語單數(shù)形式;

      both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

      All the money he received was given to his mother。

      Forgetting the past means betrayal。

      What we are talking now is useless。

      3.主語部分若有as well as,with,together with,like,but,except等短語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。

      Mary,as well as her two sisters,is a student of this school。

      (as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語,主語 Mary 是單數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

      No one except my friends knows anything about it。

      4.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),如果當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?!?+(×)?=?”算式中的謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。

      Three times two is six。

      Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres.(three kilometers作為整體來看)

      5.Either,neither作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Neither of us has been to Italy。

      Has either of them been to Shanghai?

      none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

      None of the students have/has seen the film。

      None of the money belongs to me。

      6.主語由either?or,neither?nor,not only?but also連接時(shí),謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。

      Not only you but also I am wrong。

      Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

      Either you or she is to do the work。

      7.主語中有and,如果表示單一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      The bread and butter is nice。

      8.主語前有many a,more than one修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

      Many a book has been read by the students。

      ★many a book=many books

      More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

      9.集合名詞作主語,當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      The committee meets once a year.(作為整體)

      The committee are having a meeting now.(作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)

      People,police作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      The police have come to arrest him。

      名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)

      1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里,哪幾個(gè)詞是不可數(shù)名詞。

      2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式,單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。

      3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s,復(fù)數(shù)加。

      4、名詞在句中的作用,重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)。

      考點(diǎn)測試

      1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr.Carter to finish his design.He doesnt need any more。

      A.is B.has been C.was D.had been

      ten days 作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語用單數(shù)形式。(注意時(shí)態(tài))

      答案 A

      2.Now,many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs,for example,before the names of ______ in business letters。

      A.woman manager B.women manager C.woman managers D.women managers

      names 是復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。

      兩個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),兩個(gè)都要變。

      答案 D

      3.The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen。

      A.have increased B.has increased C.is increased D.are increasing

      the number of 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      答案 B

      4.Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。

      A.was B.were C.would be D.have been

      neither??nor謂語動(dòng)詞跟相鄰的主語一致。

      答案 A

      5.The room is eight _______ long。

      A.foot B.foots C.feet D.feets

      foot 英尺,復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet

      答案 C

      6.When autumn comes,the ______ of trees begin to fall。

      A.leafs B.leafes C.leaves D.leaf

      leaf 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 leaves

      答案 C

      7.The flood has done _____ to this area。

      A.damages B.many damages C.much damage D.damaging

      8.Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting。

      A.was present B.were present C.have been presented D.has been presented

      not only?? but also 謂語動(dòng)詞與相鄰名詞一致。

      present 呈現(xiàn),介紹

      答案 A

      9.One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century。

      A.is B.was C.are D.were

      one of 謂語用單數(shù)。

      答案 B

      10.Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education。

      A.receive B.receives C.have received D.have been received

      one out of 謂語用單數(shù)形式。

      答案 B

      11.Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。

      A.has B.have C.will D.would

      never before開頭,句子倒裝。

      主語so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。

      engage in doing sth.忙于做某事。

      答案 B

      12.At the bus stop _______ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina。

      A.were B.was C.is D.sits and waits

      主語 a soldier and two young people為復(fù)數(shù)

      答案 A

      13.There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream。

      A.goes B.go C.gone D.was gone

      主語 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù)

      答案 B

      14.Mr.Brown,and not I,________ chosen to be the representative of the class。

      A.is B.am C.are D.have been

      主語 Mr.Brown

      答案 A

      15.The teacher,as well as a number of students,_______ to attend the party。

      A.ask B.asks C.was asked D.were asked

      謂語動(dòng)詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。

      答案 C

      16.The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room。

      A.was seated B.seated C.were seated D.were seating

      謂語與 together with 前的名詞一致

      be seated 就坐

      Please be seated ladies and gentlmen。

      Seat the boy next to his brother。

      答案 A

      17.The father,rather than the brothers,_______ responsible for the accident。

      A.is B.are C.have been D.has

      主語 the father,單數(shù)

      be responsible for 對??負(fù)責(zé)

      答案 A

      18.Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert,but one of them has to stay home。

      A.is coming B.are coming C.will coming D.have come

      either??or 謂語動(dòng)詞與臨近主語一致。

      答案 A

      19.The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars。

      A.is B.are C.has D.have

      money 不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。

      答案 A

      20.Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas。

      A.is caught B。第二節(jié) 冠 詞(1-4~2-2)

      大綱要求:

      1、不定冠詞的基本用法

      2、定冠詞的基本用法

      3、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則以及冠詞的習(xí)慣用法

      冠詞是一種虛詞,只能附著在名詞上幫助說明名詞的含義。

      冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不冠詞(a或an)兩類,定冠詞表示特指,不定冠詞表示泛指。

      a用于讀音以輔音開頭的詞前面,an用于讀音以元音開頭的詞前面。

      如:a university,a useful book,an umbrella,a horse,an honest man。

      一、不定冠詞的基本用法

      1.表示“一”的含義。

      Give me a pen please。

      We go shopping twice a week。

      2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。

      Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。

      She picked up a magazine and began to read。

      3.表示一類人或東西。

      He works as a language teacher in that university。

      As a writer,he is successful。

      Even a child can answer this question。

      可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn),泛指用不定冠詞,特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。

      二、定冠詞的基本用法

      1.表示特定的人或東西。

      Give me the magazine。

      Have you decided on the prices yet?

      The book on the table is an English dictionary。

      Beijing is the capital of China。

      2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。

      Last week,I saw a flim.The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。

      The old man saw a house in the field.He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。

      3.用于形容詞前面,代表一類人或東西。

      the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人

      the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人

      the young 年青人

      4.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前面。

      the moon,the sun,the earth

      The moon moves aroud the earth。

      We have friends all over the world。

      Dont build castles in the air。

      5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高級前面,副詞最高級前面的the 可以省略。

      January is the first month of the year。

      The sun rises in the east。

      Japan lies to the east of China。

      Beijing lies in the north of China。

      Ireland lies on the Great Britain。

      At the Childrens Palace,some children learn to play the piano,others learn to play the violin。

      Last week we went to the theatre。

      Among the three girls she speaks English the best。

      “東、南、西、北”作副詞時(shí),前面不加冠詞。

      We are walking south。

      形容詞最高級前若有物主代詞,就不加定冠詞。

      Monday is my busiest day。

      6.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示一家人或夫婦倆。

      The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。

      The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞,但若有限制性定語修飾,或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí),前面需加定冠詞。

      Drink some water。

      Is the water in the well fit for drink?

      What do you think of the music?

      He cant take the advice his mother gives him。

      三、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則

      1.季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。

      If winter comes can spring be far behind?

      We have few classes on Sunday。

      10.1 is National Day。

      2.表示球類、棋類、三頓飯的名詞前通常不加冠詞,但樂器前需加定冠詞。

      What did you have for lunch?

      Dinner is ready。

      Lets go and watch them play chess。

      My elder brother likes to play football。

      The boys are learnig to play the guitar。

      play the piano

      play the violin

      3.有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。

      at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning

      in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town

      in front of(at the back of)at distance(in the distance)

      as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold

      冠詞考試重點(diǎn)

      冠詞所占比例不大,一般是1分或2分。

      1、什么時(shí)候加定冠詞。

      2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn),必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾,不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。

      3、什么情況下,不用加冠詞。

      冠詞易考:

      1、冠詞修飾名詞。

      Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch。

      upstairs是副詞,前面不需要加冠詞。

      2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指,前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開頭的單詞前。

      Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English。

      I have been waiting for him for half an hour。

      3、名詞特指時(shí),前面加定冠詞。

      He is enjoying his stay in Denmark,but has some difficulty with the language。

      Is the water from the tap fit for drink?

      4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指,前面不加冠詞;大部分專有名詞前也不加冠詞。

      As we know,the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends。

      They left for work after supper。

      The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II。(the Sencond World War)

      5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。

      Without any news from Tom for a long time,his father left for Shanghai to see him。

      They will travel by air。

      I will help you for the sake of your sister。(for the sake of 因?yàn)?

      I will go to school on foot。

      My mother is in hospital。

      He has been in prison for two years。

      典型例題

      1.______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II。

      A.The;the B.A;the C.The;/ D.A;/

      World War II是專有名詞

      答案:C

      2.Can you play _____?

      A.piano B.pianos C.a piano D.the piano

      答案:D

      3.“Youve been very busy lately。”

      “So busy I havent had time to clean my house.There is _____ wherever you look。”

      A.dust B.a dust C.the dust D.dusts

      dust 是不可數(shù)名詞

      答案:A

      4.The station? Take the second turning _______。

      A.to left then go straight on B.on the left,then go straight on

      C.to left,then go right forward D.to the left,then go right forward

      on the left 在左邊

      答案:B

      5.My mother usually has _____ bed。

      A.the breakfast B.breakfast in

      C.the breakfast in the D.breakfast in the

      in bed 躺在床上

      答案:B

      in the bed 在床里面

      6.He stole the money and they put him _________。

      A.at prison B.at the prison C.in prison D.in the prison

      in prison 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄

      答案:C

      7.Even on Sundays,fewer people go to ______ church than before。

      A.the B.a C./ D.that

      go to church 去教堂 go to school 去學(xué)校 go to bed 上床睡覺 go to college 去大學(xué)

      答案:C

      8._________ look much alike。

      A.Smiths sisters B.Smith sisters C.Two Smith sisters D.The Smith sisters

      表示一家人,前面加 the

      答案 D 代 詞(2-2~3-3)

      包括

      人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。

      一、人稱代詞

      人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分,在句子中可以作主語和賓

      語。英語中有下列人稱代詞:

      在并列的主語或賓語中,I或me 通常放在后面。如:

      Liping and I are in charge of the work。

      My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow。

      二、物主代詞

      物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語,名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語、賓語、表語、定語(接在of 后面)。英語中有下列物主代詞:

      名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如:

      My bag is yellow,his(his bag)is black and theirs(their bags)are brown。

      三、反身代詞

      英語中有下列反身代詞:

      反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語、表語、同位語等。如:

      Please help yourself to some tea。(賓語)

      The boy is too young to look after himself。(賓語)

      Ill be myself again in no time。(表語)

      The desk itself is not so heavy.(同位語)

      I fixed the door myself.(同位語)

      四、指示代詞

      指示代詞包括this,that,these,those 和such,在句子中可以作主語、定語、表語、賓語等(such不作賓語)。

      that和those有時(shí)分別用來代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù),以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如:

      These machines are better than those we turned out last year.生產(chǎn)

      The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year.產(chǎn)量

      The best wine is that from France。

      My room is lighter than the one next door。

      Ill take the seat next to the one by the window。

      The film is more funny than that one。

      that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要談的事情。如:

      They have no time to read the books.Thats their trouble。

      She was ill yesterday.Thats why she was absent。

      I want to know this: How much money we have left?

      What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English。

      this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來表示程度。如:

      I dont want that much。

      He is not that wise。

      The book is about this thick。

      五。疑問代詞

      疑問代詞包括what,which,who,whom,whose,可以用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句,也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。What,which,who在句子中作主語或賓語,whom作賓語,whose作定語。如:

      Who is speaking?(主語)

      Which do you prefer,the yellow one or the white one?(賓語)

      Whats your sister?(表語)

      The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer。(引導(dǎo)定從句)

      The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department.(引導(dǎo)定從句)

      This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon.(引導(dǎo)定從句)

      I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to.(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)

      疑問代詞what,which,who,whom后面可以加ever來加重語氣。如:

      Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰這么深更半夜來找人?

      Ill say whatever comes into my head。

      Take whichever book you like。

      六。不定代詞

      不定代詞包括both,either,neither,all,none,no,one,each,every,few,a few,little,a little,many,much,some,any,other,another,以及some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

      (一)both,either,neither

      both 表示“兩者(都)”,either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個(gè)”,neither表示“(兩者之中)沒有一個(gè)”。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語、賓語、定語,both還可以作同位語。

      My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play。(be good at 擅長做某事)

      Neither of the answers is right。

      Either of the books belongs to you。

      You and I are both to blame。

      You both agreed to stay。

      Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前,系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。

      (二)all,none,no,one

      all和none用于三者以上的場合,分別表示“全部都”和“一個(gè)都沒有”,none往往與of連用。

      All of us are fond of sports。(be fond of 愛好)

      We are all for him。(be for sb 支持某人)

      Grasp all,lose all.什么都抓,什么都抓不住。(諺)

      None of them know how to read and write。

      A friend to all is a friend to none.濫交者無友。(諺)

      None of us are perfect。

      None of them has had that kind of experience。

      no表示“沒有”,在句子中只能作定語,相當(dāng)于not a 或not any,not否定動(dòng)詞,no否定名詞。

      Time and tide wait for no man.歲月不等人。(諺)

      No man is born wise.沒有人是生來聰明的。(諺)

      Im no dancer.(Im not a dancer。)

      one 指代上文提到的人或物,前面可以加定冠詞,可以有自己的定語,還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      Your answer is a good one。

      I dont like coloured envelopes.I like white ones。

      I havent got a raincoat.Ill have to buy one。

      (三)each,every

      each 和every表示“每一個(gè)”,every 在句子中只能作定語,each 可以作主語、賓語、定語、同位語。

      The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher。(shake hands with 握手)

      The students try to set aside a little money each month。(set aside 節(jié)約)

      From each according to his ability,to each according to his needs(work)。各盡所能,按需分配。

      I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well。

      There is every possibility of our winning the game。

      every 還常用在every little while(每隔一會(huì)),every other day,every three days(每隔兩天),every ten miles(每隔十英里),every now and then(不時(shí)),every four years,every other line,one out of every three students。

      (四)few,a few,little,a little,many,much

      few,a few,many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞,little,a little,much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few,little表示否定,a few,a little表示肯定,much常用于否定句中。

      Many hands make light work.人多好辦事。(諺)

      Few words are best.話少最好。(諺)

      They don‘t take much interest in it。

      I know little about it。

      There‘s a little water left in the jar。

      Few of them have been to India。

      I‘ve read a few books written by Dickens。

      (五)other,the other,others,the others,another

      Forty people came to the meeting.Two of them were from Japan,the others from America。

      Many people came to attend the meeting.Some were from Japan,others were from America。

      The United States,unlike many other countries,receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world。

      The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other。(so??that 如此以至于 tell sb.from 區(qū)分)

      Some students are watering the flowers,others are weeding the fields。

      The task will be finished in another three days。

      Four of them are in the classroom.What about the others?

      Please give me another example to illustrate your point。

      There are three apples on the table.One is for my mother,another is for my father and the third is for me。

      七、it的用法

      1.指代一個(gè)人或事物。

      Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school。

      It often rains in the south of China。

      “Whos that?” “Its Liming?!?/p>

      Its early spring。

      2.作句子的形式主語,代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。

      It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise。

      It cost me five yuan to buy the pen。

      The color TV set costs me more than 2,000 yuan。

      I spent ten hours in finishing the work。

      I spent twenty yuan on the shirt。

      It is no use crying now.Youd better study hard now。(it is no use doing sth.)

      To his surprise,it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination。(to ones surprise 使某人感到驚奇)

      Its a pity that you didnt watch the match。

      It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day。

      3.作句子的形式賓語,代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。

      They all regard it their duty to help the poor people。

      I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble。(Its worthwhile doing.做??事是值得的)

      We find it difficult to learn English without practicing。

      I think it no use telling them。

      I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion。(take part in 參加)

      He feels it his duty to help others。

      4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語,并且主語是人時(shí),句型中的that 也可以換作who。

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is that?

      It is in the room that we met each other for the first time。

      It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games。(not until 直到??才)

      It was they who attended the meeting last week。

      It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it。

      考試重點(diǎn)

      that和those有時(shí)分別用來代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù),以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要談的事情。

      不定代詞中,both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前,系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。every只能跟名詞,each可以跟名詞也可以不跟名詞。every在代詞部分要出現(xiàn)當(dāng)每隔??講。

      few,a few,many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞,little,a little,much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few,little表示否定。

      one the other,some others,the others

      it用法重點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語時(shí)不接is。

      代詞部分的難點(diǎn)之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞的區(qū)別。顧名思義,形容詞型物主代詞起的是形容詞的作用,在句子中只能作定語,名詞型物主代詞起的是名詞的作用,代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,在句子中一般作主語、賓語、表語等。

      Lets clean their room first and ______ later。

      A.our B.us C.we D.ours

      (答案為D,ours 相當(dāng)于our room。)代詞部分的主要考核點(diǎn)是不定代詞。如some,any,few,a few,little,a little,many,much,one,none,all,both,either,neither,each,every,other,another,以及some,any,no,every 與body,one,thing 構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

      (1)泛指與特指。如:another,other,others 是泛指,the other,the others是特指。

      (2)肯定與否定。如:a few,a little,either,some 及其合成代詞表示肯定,few,little,none,neither,any 及其合成代詞表示否定。

      (3)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如:few,a few,many,one 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞,little,a little,much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。

      代詞部分的另一個(gè)考核點(diǎn)是it。

      it 可以代替上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物。

      The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class.(it 指代the picture。)

      it takes sb.some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間做某事

      It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop。

      He made it plain that he was annoyed with me。

      it 還可以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,即“It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that ?”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,并且是主語時(shí),that可以換成who。強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉it is / was 與that即成為普通的句子。

      It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant。

      It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight。

      典型例題

      1.“How often do you take the medicine ?”

      “______ four hours?!?/p>

      A.For B.Any C.Every D.Each

      答案 C

      2.“Is this bike yours?”

      “No,its ______。”

      A.Bob B.Bobs C.Bobs D.Bobs

      答案 C

      3.“Is there ______ good on TV this evening?”

      “Sorry,nothing good.”

      A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything

      肯定句中用something,否定句和疑問句中用anything。

      答案 C

      4.You have a good suggestion,but its not as practical as _______。

      A.he B.him C.his D.her

      答案 C

      5.A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab。

      A.it out B.out it C.them out D.out them

      carry out 實(shí)施 賓格放在詞組中間,名詞放在詞組后面。如,carry out his experiments

      答案 C

      6.Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls.That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim(苗條)。

      A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.no one

      enjoy doing sth。

      anybody在疑問句和否定句中指沒有人,在肯定句中指任何人。

      答案 D

      7.You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because theres hardly _____ left。

      A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything

      hardly 否定詞,幾乎不的意思。

      答案 A

      8.He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before。

      A.many B.much C.few D.little

      本題主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

      drink too much 喝多了

      too much wine 太多的酒

      答案 B

      9.She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away。

      A.other day B.another day C.every other day D.any other day

      every other 每隔??

      答案 C

      10.It was terrible.One passenger was killed,and _____ was badly hurt。

      A.the others B.rest C.the rest D.the other

      he others后面謂語動(dòng)詞接復(fù)數(shù)。

      答案 D

      11.Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable。

      A.the others B.others C.the other D.another

      some others

      comfortable 舒適的 答案 B

      12.If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office,please have ________ leave a message for me。

      A.he B.him C.they D.them

      have sb.do sth.讓某人做某事

      答案 B

      13.The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony。

      A.I B.me C.mine D.my

      pony 小馬

      主語 first thing,謂語動(dòng)詞 was to go out to see,賓語 the pony。

      答案 A

      14.“Id like some more bananas?!?/p>

      “Im sorry,there is _______ left?!?/p>

      A.no B.some C.few D.none

      答案 D

      15.There are two windows in this bedroom._______ of them face south,overlooking a beautiful park。

      A.Both B.One C.The two D.Either

      either 開頭謂語動(dòng)詞要接單數(shù),both謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 答案 A

      16.The jacket doesnt fit Terry,as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small。

      A.such a;such B.such a;so

      C.so;so D.so;such a

      such修飾名詞,so修飾形容詞。

      so huge the body

      答案 B

      17.“Why are you smiling?”

      “Oh,Ive just thought of _________?!?/p>

      A.funny something B.something funny

      C.nothing funny D.funny anything

      形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞的后面。

      不定代詞:something,anything,somebody,anybody,nothing,nobody。

      答案 B

      18.Young babies can use _________ hand equally well。

      A.either B.each C.both D.every

      強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之中任何一個(gè)

      答案 A

      19._______ road out of town is good,but this one is better than the other。

      A.Both B.All C.None D.Neither

      答案 D

      20.“I felt a bit hungry?!?/p>

      “Why dont you have ______ bread?”

      A.any B.some C.little D.a piece

      習(xí)語 Why dont you have some??

      答案 B

      21.It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time。

      A.when B.where C.which D.that

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句

      答案 D

      22.Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before。

      A.this B.that C.it D its

      it is possible ??是可能的 答案 C

      23.It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French。

      A.when B.that C.which D.what

      it is?? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

      答案 B

      24.“Have you heard the news about Tom?”

      “No,what _______ ?”

      A.was it B.were they C.are they D.is it

      news 當(dāng)消息講是不可數(shù)名詞

      答案 D

      25.I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself。

      A.you B.you are C.it isnt D.you were

      I wonder why 賓語從句

      答案 C

      26.“Did Amys parents leave her any money?”

      “No,she has to support ______ now。”

      A.herself B.by herself C.all alone D.on her own

      support oneself 養(yǎng)活自己

      答案 A

      27.In _____ own way,mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry。

      A.it B.its C.their D.theirs

      mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)(單數(shù))

      答案 B

      28.Neighbors ought to respect _______。

      A.themselves B.one another C.each one D.to each other

      答案 B

      29.This furniture is different from _______。

      A.ones B.your C.that one D.that

      furniture是不可數(shù)名詞,答案 D

      30.For ______ interested in nature,the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer。

      A.that B.this C.these D.those

      hike 徒步旅行,overnight campinng在野外露營

      答案 D

      31.“May I help you with some shoes,sir?”

      “Yes,Id like to try on those brown _______。”

      A.one B.ones C.two D.pair

      shoes是復(fù)數(shù),對應(yīng)ones

      try on 試穿

      答案 B

      32.“Do you like the book Sidney gave you?”

      “Very much.Its exactly _______ I wanted?!?/p>

      A.one which B.the one C.one that D.one what

      下文提到上文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,用the one

      答案 B

      33.“Shall I mail the letter for you?”

      “Yes,Id appreciate ________?!?/p>

      A.that you do B.you to do it C.this D.it

      指代前面提到的事,用it。

      答案 D

      34.The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat。

      A.nothing else B.anything else C.something other D.nothing other

      修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。

      live on 以??為生

      答案 A

      35.________ doesnt matter what you do at this point。

      A.They B.All C.He D.It

      it doesnt matter 沒關(guān)系

      答案 D

      36.People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun。

      A.that B.it C.this D./

      it 是形式賓語,that從句是真正的賓語。

      答案 B

      37.I dont think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work。

      A.it B.that C.this D.those

      答案 A

      38.“Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?”

      “No,______ only the two passengers who got hurt?!?/p>

      A.it was B.there is C.it were D.there was

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句

      答案 A

      39.__________ he realized it was too late to return home。

      A.No sooner it grew dark than B.Hardly it grew dark when

      C.It was not until dark that D.Scarcely it grew dark when

      no sonner than=as soon as 一??就??

      scarcely when=as soon as

      hardly when=as soon as

      答案 C

      40.It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book。

      A.and B.when she C.she D.that she

      not until 直到??才

      答案 D

      41.It was ______ who arrived there first,despite our detour(繞路)。

      A.us B.we C.our D.ours

      答案 B

      42.It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going。

      A.after B.before C.when D.not until

      after 在??之后

      before 在??之前

      when 當(dāng)??時(shí)候

      not until 直到??才

      答案 D

      43.It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away。

      A.until B.till C.not until D.not till

      until 直到

      till 直到

      not until 直到??才

      答案 C 數(shù) 詞(3-3~4-1)

      大綱要求

      基數(shù)詞及其用法;序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及其用法;分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成;小數(shù)的用法。

      一、基數(shù)詞及其主要用法

      表示數(shù)目的詞稱基數(shù)詞。15 fifteen,幾百幾千不加s,242 two hundred and forty-two,5058 five thousand and fifty-eight,9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand

      1.基數(shù)詞可以用于數(shù)字的計(jì)算。

      6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen。

      9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two。

      7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five。

      8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two。

      2.基數(shù)詞可以表示人的大致年齡和年代。

      He died in his fifties。

      This took place in 1990s/1990s。

      The professor became successful in his thirties。

      3.基數(shù)詞可以用來表達(dá)年份、時(shí)間、電話號碼。

      1700 seventeen hundred

      1814 eighteen fourteen

      9:20 nine twenty

      11:30 eleven thirty/ half past eleven

      5:45 five forty-five/ a quarter to six

      88760231 eight eight seven,six zero two,three one

      4.基數(shù)詞可以用于編號。

      Number six,line 4,page 19,Bus(No。)332,Platform(No。)5,Room 101

      5.基數(shù)詞可以和其他詞一起構(gòu)成合成形容詞,在句子中作定語。

      A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell。

      This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words。

      (The baby is eleven months old。)

      The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework。

      (There are four thousand words in the essay。)

      This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand。

      (There are four paragraphs in this essay.)

      二、序數(shù)詞及其主要用法

      表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。如first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twenty-first,forty-fifth等。

      序數(shù)詞可以用來表示日期和世紀(jì)。May the first / the first of May(5.1),August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8),the twentieth century,the twenty-first century

      序數(shù)詞在句子中前面一般加the

      The first of October is our National Day。

      She was the third to arrive。

      序數(shù)詞在句子中前面加不定冠詞,表示“再一”又一“。

      Theyll have to do it a second time。

      Shall I ask him a third time?

      When he sat down,a fourth man rose to ask。

      三、分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成

      分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示,若分子大于1,分母需用復(fù)數(shù)。

      two-thirds(2/3),one-third(1/3),nine-tenths(9/10),five-twelfths(5/12)。

      特殊表達(dá)法有:one half(1/2),a quarter(1/4),three quarters(3/4)

      考試重點(diǎn)

      基數(shù)詞可以和其他詞一起構(gòu)成合成形容詞,在句子中作定語,名詞不能加s。

      數(shù)詞部分需特別注意dozen,hundred,million,billion 等詞。表示具體數(shù)字時(shí),這些詞用單數(shù)形式,表示不具體的數(shù)字時(shí),須用dozens of,hundreds of 這類的結(jié)構(gòu)。

      I want three dozen of these。

      He has been there dozens of times。

      It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm。

      A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.some hundreds

      (答案 C)

      當(dāng)數(shù)詞與名詞及其他詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞時(shí),合成形容詞中間若用連字符,則其中的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。

      The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown。

      Mary is a eleven-year-old girl。

      (Mary is eleven years old。)

      典型例題

      1.In ______ century computers will be used more widely。

      A.twenty-one B.the twenty-one C.twenty-first D.the twenty-first

      序數(shù)詞前加the。

      答案 D

      2.The meeting will be held in _______。

      A.112 Room B.Room 112 C.the 112 Room D.the Room 112

      答案 B

      3.The Great Wall of China is about 6,700 _______。

      A.kilometer long B.kilometers long

      C.kilometer longer D.kilometers longer

      答案 B

      4.“How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”

      “Fifteen,so he was ______?!?/p>

      A.the sixteen president B.the sixteenth president

      C.president sixteen D.president the sixteenth

      the sixteenth president 第十六任總統(tǒng)

      答案 B

      5.“What did the professor tell you to do?”

      “I had to write a ______ report.”

      A.two thousand words B.two-thousands-word

      C.two-thousand-word D.two-thousand words

      答案 C

      6.“Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”

      “Yes,I bought three _____ ties for just twelve dollars?!?/p>

      A.five dollars B.five-dollars C.five-dollar D.fifth dollar

      答案 C

      7.Eight minus three _______ five。

      A.leave B.leaves C.left D.has left

      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

      答案 B

      8.What date is it ? Its ________。

      A.July twentieth-first B.July the twenty-first

      C.the twenty-first of July D.Both B and C

      7月21日:July the twenty-first

      the twenty-first of July

      答案:D

      9.When he was in his ________,he got the chance to go abroad to study。

      A.forty B.fortys

      C.fortys years old D.forties

      答案:D

      10.“Rex told me you have moved?!?/p>

      “Yes,into a _______。”

      A.two-storey house B.house of two story

      C.house of two stories D.two-stories house

      答案:A

      11.“I would like to register this letter。”

      “Please go to _______ on your left?!?/p>

      A.third window B.window third

      C.the window three D.the third window

      register 掛號,郵寄

      答案:D 形容詞與副詞(4-1~5-2)

      大綱要求:

      形容詞與副詞掌握比較級的構(gòu)成及其用法。

      一、形容詞在句子中的作用

      1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。

      A good boy must behave himself.好孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)行為規(guī)矩。(定語)

      I like this red dress very much。(定語)

      She is beautiful.(表語)

      The patient is asleep.(表語)

      Who has got the window open?(賓語補(bǔ)足語)

      Ive got everything ready for the class.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)

      I said it would happen,and sure enough it did happen。(獨(dú)立成分)

      2、大多數(shù)形容詞既可作定語又可作表語,但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語。

      This is a red dress.The dress is red。

      alike,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,aware,alive,ashamed,content。,unable

      二、副詞在句子中的作用

      副詞在句子中主要作狀語,可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子。

      Unfortunately,he wasnt at home when I came.(修飾整個(gè)句子)

      Luckily,she wasnt injured in the accident。(修飾整個(gè)句子)

      Her pronunciation is very good。(修飾形容詞)

      I have been extremely busy these days。(修飾形容詞)

      I can hardly agree with you。(修飾動(dòng)詞)

      He works terribly(quite)hard.(修飾副詞)

      三、形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成

      1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞(如以y結(jié)尾的)在詞尾加-er,-est。

      如:small,smaller,smallest;great,greater,greatest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;quiet,quieter,quietest;common,commoner,commonest;narrow,narrower,narrowest。

      2、以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r,-st。

      如:larger,larger,largest;simple,simpler,simplest;polite,politer,politest;brave,braver,bravest;fine,finer,finest。

      3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i 再加-er,-est。

      如:busy,busier,busiest;heavy,heavier,heaviest;happy,happier,happiest。

      4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-er,-est。(一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾;重讀閉音節(jié))

      如:big,bigger,biggest;thin,thinner,thinnest;hot,hotter,hottest。

      雙音節(jié)詞,多音節(jié)詞比較級和最高級在詞前加more,most。

      如:difficult,more difficult,most difficult,interesting,more interesting,most interesting;useful,more useful,most useful。

      特殊的比較級和最高級

      四、形容詞和副詞比較級的用法

      1、比較級常與than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用,表示與什么相比。

      This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel。

      為了避免重復(fù),從句常用一些代詞。

      比較必須是兩個(gè)相同的成分。

      Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company。

      Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones。

      It is better to be prepared than unprepared。

      This is easier said than done。

      She is taller than I(me)。

      I meet with more difficulties than she does。

      The girls in my class are more active than those in his class。

      1、有than 就要考慮比較級。

      2、比較的成分要完全一致。

      2、“比較級+and+比較級”,表示“越來越?”。

      My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him。

      keep up with 跟上,趕上

      no longer=not any longer

      My father walked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up with him any longer.(not 用來否定動(dòng)詞)

      Our country is getting stronger and stronger。

      Things are getting better and better every day。

      Im getting more and more interested in arts。

      get interested in 對??感興趣

      3.“the +比較級?,the+比較級”,表示“越是?就越?”。

      The more haste,the less speed.欲速則不達(dá)。

      The harder she works,the more progress she makes。

      make progress 取得進(jìn)步

      The more I study it,the more I like it。

      Actually,the busier he is,the happier he feels。

      The more preparation you do now,the less nervous youll be before the exam。

      The sooner you start,the faster youll be finished。

      五、形容詞和副詞最高級的用法

      最高級的前面通常要加定冠詞,副詞最高級前面的定冠詞可以省略。最高級在使用時(shí)通常有一個(gè)短語或從句表示比較的范圍。

      Of all the places Ive visited,I like Hangzhou best。

      This is the worst movie Ive ever seen。

      Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world。

      For me,Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week。

      Among all the students,he runs(the)fastest。

      比較級前面有時(shí)也加the,表示兩者之間“較?的一個(gè)”。

      Both of the two girls are beautiful,but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the two。

      The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys。

      六、“as+原級+as”,“not as / so +原級+as”

      “as+原級+as”,表示“和?一樣?”,“not as / so +原級+as”表示“不及?”。

      He is as good a swimmer as any of us。注意 good 的位置

      Hes as tall as I。

      It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan。

      He does not smoke so heavily as his father。

      French is just as difficult a language as English。

      She is as good a cook as her mother。

      I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou。

      never 否定含義

      類似的還有:hardly,little,few

      “as+原級+as one can”和“as +原級+as possible”表示“盡可能地?”。

      Come as soon as possible。

      There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can。

      there is nothing?but?,but后一定跟動(dòng)詞原形

      “as+原級+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

      My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one。

      先說倍數(shù),然后在as+原級+as

      cost 花費(fèi),主語是物。spend,主語是人。

      It takes sb.some time to do sth。

      spend in doing sth。

      spend on sth。

      This room is twice as large as that one。

      This room is twice larger than that one。

      七、比較級、最高級和“as+原級+as”前面都可以有表示程度的狀語。

      The sun is much bigger than the earth。

      錯(cuò)誤:The sun is more bigger than the earth。

      She is by far the cleverest girl in our class。

      by far 到目前為止

      Its becoming the third largest city in the country。

      They have many more chemistry books than we。

      There is much more water in this jar than that one。

      They will come back a little earlier。

      This time she ran a good deal faster。

      Tom is six centimeters taller than John。

      Of all the workers in the factory,Alice is by far the most skilled。

      重點(diǎn)掌握:

      1、只能作表語的形容詞。

      2、特殊形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級。

      3、比較級多用than,個(gè)別情況下用 of the two。比較時(shí),前后成分一定一致。

      4、the +比較級?,the+比較級

      5、as+原級+as,not as / so +原級+as

      6、“as+原級+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

      He is almost as tall as his brother。

      My father isnt as old as he looks。

      This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English。

      Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people。

      Winter is drawing near.Its getting colder and colder。

      The more you practise writing,the better you will do it。

      The more work we give our brains,the more work it is able to do。

      典型例題:

      1.We are not _______ to afford a car yet。

      A.enough money B.money enough

      C.rich enough D.enough rich

      1、enough 作為形容詞放在可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。

      Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch?

      Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee。

      2、enough 作為代詞。

      Six bottles of wine will be enough。

      I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show。

      3、enough 作為副詞,放在動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞的后面。

      You dont practice enough at the piano。

      Is the river deep enough for swimming(to swim in)?

      She isnt good enough for the exam。

      答案 C

      2.“Its six oclock and your father is still at the office。”

      “I know,who else would _______ he does?”

      A.be as hard working as B.as working harder than

      C.do harder work than D.work as hard as

      as+原級+as

      答案 D

      3.“Ralph seems to like this country?!?/p>

      “Yes,he is _______ here as he was at home?!?/p>

      A.almost as happy B.as happy almost

      C.as almost happy D.almost happy as

      as+原級+as

      almost(already)放在系動(dòng)詞be的后面,其他動(dòng)詞的前面。

      答案 A

      4.They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world。

      A.any city

      B.any other city

      C.any else city D.any rest city

      populous 人口眾多的 單數(shù)一定要跟單數(shù)比。

      答案 B

      5.Most of the students have made _______ progress in their study of English than we first expected。

      A.more great B.more greater

      C.far greater D.far more greater

      答案 C

      6.General George Brown was older than _________ in his regiment(軍團(tuán))。

      A.any officer B.any other officer

      C.any others officer D.any officer else 答案 B

      7.The French seem far more interested in reading about Africa _______ about their nearest neighbors。

      A.as B.than C.the same D.so

      more 為比較級,只能than

      答案 B

      8.It usually takes much _______ time to fly from one country to another than to travel by train。

      A.more B.less C.little D.least

      有than,肯定是比較級。

      答案 B

      9.Frank plays _________ Alex。

      A.a lot more better than B.much more better than

      C.a lot better than D.much more well than

      答案 C

      10.Have you finished your homework? This lesson is ________ than the last one。

      A.more easier B.more easy

      C.very easier D.much easier

      答案 D

      11.Young people regard Bob Dylan as _________ other musicians。

      A.more better than B.more superior than

      C.superior to D.more perfect to

      superior 沒有比較級。

      superior to 優(yōu)于

      答案 C

      12.“Wont you have more meat?”

      “No,thanks.Ive had ________ enough already?!?/p>

      A.beyond B.more than

      C.greater than D.plenty of

      more than happy(glad)to do sth.高興做某事

      I am more than happy to take you there in my car。

      答案 B

      13.Id like to leave my car near here.Wheres the ______,please?

      A.nearest parking B.next parking

      C.nearest car parking D.next car park

      答案 A

      14.The harder they worked,____________。

      A.they seemed to do less B.the less they seemed to do

      C.they were doing less D.they did less

      the +比較級?,the+比較級

      答案 B

      15.“Do you enjoy the new camera?”

      “Yes,_______,the more skilled I become?!?/p>

      A.as I take more pictures B.the more pictures I take

      C.as more pictures I take D.the pictures I take more

      the +比較級?,the+比較級

      答案 B

      16.The more we looked at the abstract painting,_______。

      A.the less we liked it B.we like it less

      C.better we liked it D.it looked better

      the +比較級?,the+比較級

      答案 A

      17.The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports _______。

      A.more bad than it was B.the worse than before

      C.worse than ever before D.more bad than they were

      make+名詞+形容詞 使??成為,變?yōu)?/p>

      The news makes her happy。

      His actions make him universally respected。

      答案 C

      18.Of the two lectures,the first was by far the _______。

      A.good B.better C.best D.worst

      by far跟形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級連用時(shí),放在這類詞的后面。

      如果這類詞帶有冠詞,放前,放后都可以。

      It is quicker by far to go by train。

      She is the best by far.(She is by far the best。)

      答案 B

      19.Kansas is _________ states in Americas mid-west。

      A.one of the flattest B.the flattest

      C.as flatter as D.flattest of the

      答案 A

      20.On the day he was to give his speech,Paul was suffering from one of _______ colds he had ever had。

      A.bad B.worse C.the worst D.bad of all

      答案 C

      suffer from 遭受??罪

      21.The steel output of this year will be bigger than _____ last year。

      A.this of B.the one C.that of D.those of

      output 產(chǎn)量

      指上文提到的用that或those。

      答案 C

      22.Japan has taken a more independent stand ________。

      A.as it does before B.as it did before

      C.than it does a few years ago D.than it did a few years ago

      stand 立場

      答案 D

      23.Her English is very good.She can speak English better than _____ in her grade。

      A.any one B.the one

      C.anyone else D.other student

      other的用法:

      1、other常跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞連用。

      Moral beauty ought to be ranked above all other beauty。

      2、前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),other可跟單數(shù)名詞連用。

      Every member must bring one other person。

      There must be some other reason for him refusing to help。

      another的用法:another表示單數(shù)概念,后面接單數(shù)名詞或代詞one。

      Dont say another word。

      another也可跟前面有數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。

      He went back to work too soon,and was laid up for another three months。

      one?the other? 一個(gè)?另一個(gè)?

      one?another?(同組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體)

      答案 C

      24.The new model costs twice ________ last years。

      A.more than B.as much as C.as many as D.than

      “as+原級+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

      The new model costs twice more than last years。

      答案 B

      25.This one isnt good.That one is _______ worse。

      A.more B.very C.quite D.even

      quite后面只能跟原級。This one is quite bad。

      very的用法:

      1、用于形容詞、副詞前,加強(qiáng)語氣。(非常,十分)

      very quickly,very soon

      2、用于形容詞最高級或own之前。(十足,完全)

      the very best quality,six oclock at the very latest

      3、very 表示正是?? Sitting in the very same seat。

      答案 D 介 詞(05-2~06-3)

      考試大綱要求:

      1、常用介詞及其詞義;

      2、介詞與某些動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的固定搭配;

      3、介詞短語及其用法。

      介詞在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,往往和后面的賓語共同構(gòu)成句子的成分。介詞與名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞有著固定的搭配。

      常用介詞用法:

      1.across(穿過)

      My mother lives across the street。

      I came across him yesterday.(come across偶然遇到)

      The post office is just across the street。

      2.after(在??之后)

      The children went to bed after saying good night to their parents。

      Who will look after your baby while youre away?

      (look after 照看,照料,take care of)

      The girl is named after her mother。

      (name after 以??命名)

      Rewrite the sentences after the model.(模仿,仿照)

      3.against(反對)

      What you are doing is against the rule。

      We are against the proposal.(be against 反對)

      Nobody has got anything against you。

      4.along(沿著)

      They walked along Nanjing Road。

      There is a cinema along the street。

      Im getting along/ on well with my classmates。

      5.around(圍繞)

      We all drew up closely around him。

      The guide showed us around the city。

      (show sb.around 領(lǐng)某人參觀)

      6.at(在??)

      Lets meet at the station。

      She was at a conference。

      The committee is to meet at the weekend。

      He joined up at eighteen。(join up 參軍)

      What are you laughing at?(laugh at 嘲笑)

      Lets have a look at the picture.(have a look at 看一看)

      My mother was surprised at the news。(be surprised at 吃驚)

      He is good at mathematics。(be good at 擅長)

      He is good at drawing。

      7.before(在??之前)

      Dont put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置。

      Pride comes before a fall.驕傲就會(huì)摔跤。

      Before starting the work,we had a discussion。

      Before long,the war broke out.(break out 爆發(fā))

      I bought the book the day before yesterday。

      8.besides(除?之外還)

      There are six students in the classroom besides me。

      Besides fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill。

      9.between(在??之間)

      Come between ten and eleven oclock。

      They dont know the difference between wheat and oats。

      (among 用于三者或三者以上)

      Whats the difference between them?

      10.beyond(在??之外)

      The lake is beyond that mountain。

      Dont go beyond the city boundary.(go beyond 超過)

      Its expensive and beyond our reach。

      The city is beyond recognition.(beyond recognition 面目全非)

      The problem is too difficult.Its beyond me。

      This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.這是必然的,毫無疑義的。

      11.but((除?之外)

      Who but a fool would do such a thing?

      I have nothing but a book in my hand。

      第四篇:成人高考專升本英語考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)資料

      成人高考專升本英語考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)資料

      1.able ability enable capable be able to do能夠做…

      have the ability to do能夠做,有能力做…:

      He has the ability to make very good boat.enable ** to do使…能做…:

      Internet has enabled us to get information from all over the world.Be capable of能夠做…: He is capable of drawing oil painting.He is able to read and write in English.2.absent反義詞:present

      3.abroad國外,海外: live ~ go ~

      Many young people are eager to go abroad to study.4.access:入口,途徑;機(jī)會(huì),權(quán)利。Have access to sth

      Citizens in the town all have access to the books in the local(當(dāng)?shù)氐模﹍ibrary.5.absorb吸收be absorbed in全神貫注于…

      All the students are absorbed in Professor‘s lecture on China’s economy.6.accept接受receive收到(不一定接受)

      She received a gift from him,but she didn‘t accept it.7.by accident=by chance偶然地on purpose故意地

      8.according to根據(jù)

      According to the article,environmental pollution has been taken under control.9.take…into account=take…into consideration把…考慮在內(nèi)

      I hope my teacher will take into account my illness when he grades our test paper.Account描述

      She gave an account of what he saw in China.10.accuse ** of sth = charge ** with(for)sth指責(zé)…做了…;指控…犯了…

      He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in gail.His mother charged him with being lazy.11.be accustomed to = be used to習(xí)慣于后接sth或doing sth

      used to過去有過去常常后接do sth

      Mr.Smith is not used/accustomed to driving on the right.I‘m already used to the life here.There used to be a house near the river.He used to get up while he was in the middle school.12.achieve獲得,達(dá)到

      You will achieve nothing if you waste your time this way.13.adapt=adjust適應(yīng)~ adopt收養(yǎng);采用

      You should adapt to college life as soon as possible.He adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.14.add to增添add up to總計(jì)達(dá)

      15.in addition(to)=besides此外

      In order to master a foreign language,we should learn some grammar.In addition,we‘d better learn some words.16.adequate=enough

      17.admit承認(rèn)

      He admitted him mistake at last.18.in advance預(yù)先,提前

      You should inform(通知)me in advance if you are going to come.19.take advantage of = make use of利用

      We can take advantage of computer to analyze data.A good habit in learning is to make full use of class time.20.affect(v.)effect(n.)influence(v & n)影響effort努力

      have an effect/influence on對…有影響

      make an effort to do或make efforts to do

      The latest discovery in gene will have a great effect on the health of human beings.They made great efforts to find a new cure to lung cancer.21.afford(to do)sth買/花/用/支付得起

      It‘s hard to imagine how he can afford(to buy)a house on his small salary.22.be afraid of擔(dān)心,害怕

      23.at the age of

      24.agree with同意

      agree on同意(雙方就…達(dá)成一致)

      agree to同意(上級,父母對下級,晚輩允許…)

      The two countries have agreed on the date for next talk.My parents don‘t agree to my staying outside overnight.25.ahead of time提

      We finished our assignment ahead of time.26.by air=by plane by sea= by ship by bus/train on foot

      26.after all畢竟above all首先(not…)at all一點(diǎn)(也不)all over

      28.allow/permit…to do…允許…做…

      29.although/though but連詞不能同時(shí)用在句子中。

      As連詞倒裝句

      in spite of/despite介詞不連接句子

      Although he was seriously ill,he went on with the experiment.Young as he is,he has already learned three foreign languages: English,F(xiàn)rench and Japanese.Although he is young,he has already learned three foreign languages :English,F(xiàn)rench and Japanese.In spite of/despite his illness,he went on with his experiment.30.be angry with ** be angry at sth

      31.apart from=besides除了…。之外,還有…。

      =except除了…

      No one knows what happened except mr.Smith.He has a large collection of books besides CDs.32.apply(~ for申請)應(yīng)用

      He has successfully applied for a position(職位)in the company.33.appreciate欣賞

      感激(加動(dòng)名詞doing)

      I really appreciate your coming to the party.類似動(dòng)詞有:

      enjoy,mind介意,avoid避免,escape逃避,can‘t help禁不住,risk冒險(xiǎn),need=want需要

      insist on堅(jiān)持

      My hair needs cutting.34.approve贊成,批準(zhǔn)

      35.argue with **與…爭論

      36.arise ~ from rise arouse raise

      New problems will arise as the old ones have been solved.(出現(xiàn))

      Are there any things arising from last meeting?(源于)

      His speech aroused little interest among the students.(引起,激起)

      The company has raised the prices of its products.(提高)

      The prices of goods rose day by day during the Spring Festival.(上升)

      37.Artificial人工的,假的~ flowers

      38.as for至于as to關(guān)于,至于as if/though似乎,好象

      39.ask for要求

      40.attach importance to重視

      41.pay attention to重視catch one‘s attention引起…注意/重視

      42.available可得/買到的 There is no ticket available.43.average平均on(the)~

      44.be aware of = realize意識到be sure一定要,肯定

      He apologized to us for the mistake as soon as he was aware of it.Be sure not to be late for the meeting.I‘m sure the play will be a great success.45.back up支持

      46.background背景

      47.base ~…on…把…建立在…基礎(chǔ)之上

      His article is based on the research.48.bear忍受,容忍同義詞:

      endure tolerate stand put up with

      She cannot bear to see the child in pains.49.do/try one‘s best

      He said he would try his best to carry out the plan.50.because連詞:There will be no meeting because the manager will be on the vacation next week.because of介詞: His wedding will be put off because of his father‘s death.51.best make the ~ of很好地利用

      52.had better do最好You‘d better finish reading the book in this week,since I’m going to return it to the library.would rather do寧愿I‘d rather go there myself.53.beyond超出…

      The professor‘s lecture is beyond me/beyond my understanding(超出我的理解范圍)。

      The apple on the tree is beyond my reach(夠不著)。

      54.Both…and…兩者都either…or…或者…或者…

      neither…。nor…。兩者都不

      55.be bound to do注定…

      You‘re bound to succeed as long as(只要)you keep on trying.56.break into闖入break out爆發(fā)break through突破

      break up(關(guān)系等)破裂

      57.catch one‘s breath

      58.call off=cancel取消call on=visit拜訪call for請求,號召

      The resident called for the people to fight against the invaders.59.care for關(guān)心,在乎take care保重take care of=look after照顧

      60.carry on繼續(xù)carry out實(shí)施,執(zhí)行

      They decided to carry out the plan despite the opposition.61.case事實(shí),實(shí)情;箱子;案例;病例

      in case(of)以防,萬一Take my umbrella in case it rains。

      In most cases在大多數(shù)情況下

      In no case決不in no way by no means

      62.catch up with趕上,保持一致keep up with keep pace with

      63.(be)in charge of掌管,負(fù)責(zé)

      take charge of掌管,負(fù)責(zé)

      charge…for…開價(jià),要價(jià)

      The short man there is in charge of our company.The hotel charges $100 for a double room.64.challenge挑戰(zhàn)

      65.change零錢(n.),換零錢(v.)

      66.comfort v.& n安慰;舒適,舒服

      comfortable舒服的,舒適的 67.have…in common有共同之處

      Although they are twins they have little in common.68.communicate傳播,交流

      69.compare…to…把…比作…。

      compare…with…把…與…相比

      Poets like comparing their lovers to red roses.Compared with brain,computer still has some shortcomings.70.complain of/about抱怨

      71.be made up of由…。組成be composed of consist of

      72.concentrate on集中注意力于be engaged in

      73.as far as…be concerned就…而言

      As far as wages are concerned,I‘m very dissatisfied with the present job.Concerning=about關(guān)于

      74.contribute捐獻(xiàn)contribute to有助于

      Computers will contribute many conveniences to our work.75.control out of control失去控制under ~在控制之下

      76.convenient方便,便利的

      77.convince使相信/信服convince…of…

      I‘m convinced(=I believe)that where there is a will,there is a way.He was not convinced of his wife‘s guilty.78.cope with deal with handle處理,應(yīng)付

      79.at the cost of以…為代價(jià)He saved the drown child at the cost of his own life.at the risk of冒著…危險(xiǎn)…

      cost spend

      The overcoat cost him $200.He spent $200 on(in buying)the overcoat.80.count on depend on rely on依靠,依賴

      81.create創(chuàng)造

      82.custom習(xí)俗customs海關(guān)

      83.damage損壞(部分)destroy毀滅(全部)hurt傷害

      injure受傷ruin摧毀spoil破壞(心情,興致等)

      Our holiday was spoiled buy the bad weather.The earthquake has destroyed the city entirely.84.a good/great deal許多,大量

      85.degree學(xué)位程度=extent to some extent/degree在某種程度上

      86.demand order suggest propose insist等后that從句用虛擬語氣(加動(dòng)詞原形)

      The general ordered that the bridge(should)be repaired before daybreak.87.deny否認(rèn),拒絕(給予)

      He denied breaking the window.Women were denied the right to vote in the past in the U.S.88.in detail詳細(xì)地

      He explained the question to us in ~.89.devote…。To…致力于

      The scientist devoted the whole life to the study of chemistry.90.do away with廢除get rid of擺脫除掉

      have…to do with與…有關(guān)

      It has nothing to do with what you are talking about.Do away with the law.He managed to get rid of the man followed him.91.drop in=drop by=visit

      92.due到期的The book will be due next week.(按計(jì)劃,安排要)發(fā)生,到達(dá)的 What time will the next bus due?

      The next meeting is due to be held in three months‘time.due to =because of=owing to因?yàn)?,由?/p>

      His promotion is due to his hard working.Due to the heavy rain,we have to give up the plan for the weekends.93.economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的economical節(jié)儉的 94.effective有效的efficient效率高的 95.else其它的something ~ somebody ~

      96.in the end最終(結(jié)果)at last最后(經(jīng)過很長時(shí)間)

      I have finished the essay at last.We were thinking of going to England,but in the end we went to the USA.97.enjoy oneself=have a good time玩的開心help oneself隨便

      98.establish=set up=found

      99.evident=obvious=apparent明顯的顯而易見的 100.for example=for instance

      101.be exhausted=be tired out =be worn out筋疲力盡的 102.exist存在 103.expose暴露受影響

      Being exposed to the sun for some time can do good to your health.Many of today‘s teenagers have been exposed too much to violence and sex.104.face up to(勇敢)面對be faced with面臨encounter面臨

      105.in fact as a matter as a fact實(shí)際上事實(shí)上

      106.be familiar with

      107.by far非常,最(修飾比較級和最高級)so far迄今為止(完成時(shí)態(tài))

      far from遠(yuǎn)非(否定)

      In my opinion,he is by far the most suitable one for the job.He sent out a letter to apply for the job,but has received no answer so far.My English is far from perfect.108.fare交通費(fèi)fee費(fèi)用tuition學(xué)費(fèi)

      109.favor do ** a favor幫…個(gè)忙in favor of贊成

      I‘m in favor of his suggestion that a power plant(電廠)be built.Would you do me a favor to carry the box upstairs?

      110.feel like doing sth would like to do sth喜歡/想做…。

      111.field田野,領(lǐng)域

      112.fill in填寫be filled with充滿

      Would you like to fill in your address and telephone here?

      113.fine罰款

      第五篇:成人高考專升本英語作文

      成人高考專升本英語作文范文八篇

      第一篇:

      金錢是一切嗎?In Money Everything?

      I don?t think money is everything,but we can?t do without it.Fox example,money can?t buy us happiness and a good education.And for another example,money can?t buy us good health and a long life.But we can not live without money.We need it for our daily necessities such as food,clothes and transportation.What?s more,we need it to live a better life.In short,we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.第二篇:

      1.一些人喜歡住在城市,因?yàn)槌鞘猩钣性S多便利。

      2.但有些人喜歡住在農(nóng)村。

      3.我認(rèn)為,……

      Where to live —in the City or in the Country

      Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages.They think there are more job opportunities in cities,life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country,and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health,life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city

      people.I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.第三篇:

      你叫李平,是英語系學(xué)生會(huì)主席。寫一封信給王教授,請他做一個(gè)有關(guān)中國歷史的報(bào)告。注意信中要包括目的、時(shí)間、日期和地點(diǎn)。

      Ⅴ。Writing

      May 19,2002

      Dear Professor Wang:

      On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department,I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p.m.in Lecture Hall 419,on May 25.Looking forward to your lecture.Inform us in advance if you can not come.Sincerely yours,Li Ping

      第四篇:

      男女應(yīng)該平等嗎?(Should Men and Women Be Equal?)

      Should Men and Women Be Equal?

      People have different ideas about this issue,Some people say that men are superior to women in ability because men are physically stronger,do most of the hard labor in the world and hold most important positions.Other people believe that women have the ability to compete with men.There have been many famous women state leaders and great scientists in the world.We should fully carry out the principle “to each according to his work” so that the enthusiasm of both men and women for work can be fully aroused.第五篇:

      1.在中國,自行車是最為流行的交通工具。

      2.騎自行車有許多好處。

      3.自行車的未來……

      The Bicycle in China

      The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China.China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work.Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.There are many advantages to riding a bicycle.First,using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities.Second,people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.The future of bicycle will be bright.In some European countries,city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.第六篇:

      你是Helen,要寫一封信給Julie,對她和她的丈夫昨日請你和你丈夫吃飯表示感謝,表示要回請他們,以答謝他們的盛情款待。

      Dear Julie:

      Thank you very much for the dinner that you invited my husband and I to yesterday.The food not only looked and smelled fabulous but tasted great,and my husband and I enjoyed it very much.Therefore,we would like to invite you to dinner at 7 p.m.this Friday at the Northwest Chinese restaurant to return your kindness and hospitality.Please do come.Yours,Helen

      第七篇:

      1.假冒偽劣商品是個(gè)嚴(yán)重問題。

      2.一些原因?qū)е铝诉@種現(xiàn)象。

      3.為了掃除假冒偽劣商品,……

      Fake Commodities

      Fake and poor quality commodities are a serious problem.Many things can be faked such as

      soybean sauce,vinegar,bicycles,and many other things.The interests of consumers are affected,and many enterprises keep losing money because of cheap fake commodities.There are some reasons for such a phenomenon.The major one is the desire of some people to “make easy money”。These people think nothing of the law of the protection of intellectual property rights.To get rid of fake and poor quality commodities,the government should educate people to obey the law of the protection of individual intellectual property rights and not to sell any fake goods.The government should punish severely and close down all the factories producing fake goods.第八篇:

      你是Alice.你的朋友Bonnie很快就要到你的鄉(xiāng)間小屋拜訪,但你卻要出去一會(huì)兒。留一張便條給她,告訴她食品在哪兒,告訴她一個(gè)人在屋里時(shí)應(yīng)注意些什么。

      May 18,2002

      Dear Bonnie:

      I will be away for a while.The key to the cottage is under the doormat,and the food is in the

      refrigerator.After entering the house,lock the door from inside at once.The cottage is far away from the nearest town,and the area is not quite safe from burglars.So I think the saying is right “Where there is precaution,there is no danger”。

      Have a nice stay here.Yours,Alice

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