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      漢語數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)

      時間:2019-05-15 05:32:12下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《漢語數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《漢語數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)》。

      第一篇:漢語數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)

      漢語數(shù)詞如何表示倍數(shù)?

      ——漢語數(shù)詞表數(shù)功能研究之一

      譚汝為

      “年方三五”“二八佳人”,是說女子15歲和16歲。漢語雙音節(jié)數(shù)詞表示倍數(shù),典型地體現(xiàn)在以二數(shù)之積表述具體年齡的功能上,如:

      (1)年時二七猶未笄,轉(zhuǎn)顧流眄鬟鬢低。..(南朝陳·陳叔寶《東飛伯勞歌》;“二七”指14歲。)

      (2)可憐女兒三五許,豐茸惜是一園花。..(唐·王翰《飛燕篇》;“三五”指15歲。)

      (3)二八佳人細(xì)馬馱,十千美酒渭城歌。..(宋·蘇軾《李鈐轄坐上分題戴花》;“二八”指16歲。)

      (4)以年歲計之,是女尚二九未足。..(浩歌子《螢窗異草·宜織》,“二九”指18歲。)

      (5)少年年幾方三六,含嬌聚態(tài)傾人目。..(南朝梁·蕭綱《東飛伯勞歌》;“三六”指18歲)

      (6)三六前年暮,四五今年朝。..(南朝齊·蕭子顯《日出東南隅》;“四五”指20歲。)

      (7)二八登科標(biāo)名早,三七入試舉孝廉。..(明·無名氏《繡香囊》彈詞;“三七”指21歲。)(8)茅廬相顧心相知,先生爾時年三九。..(明·羅貫中《三國演義》38回;“三九”指27歲。)

      (9)(女子)四七筋骨堅,發(fā)極長,身體盛壯。..(《素問·上古天真論》;“四七”指28歲。)

      (10)女子二七天癸至,七七天癸絕,其常也。..(同上;“二七”指14歲,“七七”指49歲。)

      (11)男子不過盡八八,女子不過盡七七,而天地之精氣皆竭矣。..(同上;“八八”指64歲;“七七”指49歲。)(12)鶴發(fā)初開九九年,東西雙鳳集庭前。..(元·袁桷《孟都事母八十》);“九九”指81歲。)

      除表述年齡外,這種表示倍數(shù)的雙音節(jié)數(shù)詞還用于指其他事物,如:

      (13)迎珠履之三千,列金釵之二六。..(唐·高道素《上元賦》;“二六”指十二金釵。)

      (14)劉楨魯都賦,素秋二七,天漢指隅,人胥祓除。..(《宋書·禮志》;“二七”指七月十四日。)

      (15)三五二八月如練,海上天涯應(yīng)共見。....(唐·權(quán)德輿《秋閨月》;“三五二八”指農(nóng)歷十五、十六兩天。)

      (16)竊弄神器,歷載三六偷安天位。..(漢·張衡《東京賦》;“三六”指王莽篡位18年。)

      (17)溫舒從祖父受歷數(shù)天文,以為漢厄三七之間。..(《漢書·路溫舒?zhèn)鳌罚弧叭摺敝笣h朝運(yùn)祚的限度。)

      (18)四七之期必盡,百六之?dāng)?shù)溘屯。..(《北齊書·文苑傳·顏之推》;“四七”指北齊運(yùn)祚的限度。)

      (19)金容掩色,不鏡三千之光;麗像開圖,空端四八之相。..(明·吳承恩《西游記》100回;“四八”指佛教說法:佛的化相有32種。)

      (20)老臣顧國家同祚于軒轅之五五,而未及周文之二五,用為伊邑。..(《三國志·魏書·王朗傳》;“五五”指黃帝有子25人。)

      (21)六六雁行連八九,只等金雞消息。....(明·施耐庵《水滸傳》72回;“六六”“八九”分別指36天罡和72地煞,共有108座星宿,即借指梁山英雄108將)

      (22)結(jié)發(fā)念善事,勖勉六九年。..(晉·陶淵明《怨詩楚調(diào)示龐主簿鄧治中》;“六九”指54年。)(23)逮追八九之跡,永垂億萬之年。..(宋·楊億《賀幸河北起居表》;“八九”指古代封禪者72家。)

      我們總結(jié)一下:二數(shù)連用,以其積表示倍數(shù),有以下三個特點(diǎn):

      1.兩個數(shù)詞往往為不相鄰的個位數(shù)。前數(shù)小,表示幾倍;后數(shù)大,表示基數(shù)。

      2.所表示的數(shù)(即兩數(shù)之積)只能是合數(shù),而質(zhì)數(shù)(13、17、19、23、29、31等)不能用此法表示。

      3.以二數(shù)之積表述年齡多見于詩詞、戲曲、小說等文藝性作品,而在經(jīng)、史、子等典籍中較為罕見。

      第二篇:數(shù)詞倍數(shù)譯法

      第一部分:數(shù)詞的譯法

      一、數(shù)字增減的譯法:

      1.句式特征:by+名詞+比較級+than The wire is by three inches longer than that one.這根導(dǎo)線比那根長3英寸。2.句式特征:表示增減意義的動詞+to+n.譯為:增加到。?;驕p少到。。

      Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金屬切割機(jī)已經(jīng)減少到50臺。

      二、百分?jǐn)?shù)增減的表示法與譯法

      1.句式特征:表示增減意義的動詞+%

      The output value has increased 35%.產(chǎn)值增加了35% 2.句式特征:表示增減意義的動詞+by+%

      Retail salses should rise by 8% 商品零售額應(yīng)增加3% The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本減少60% 3.句式特征:表示減少意義的動詞+to+%表示減少后剩余的數(shù)量

      By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用這種新工藝,鐵的損失量減少到20%

      4.句式特征:%+ 比較級 +than表示凈增減的數(shù)量

      Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售額與去年相比,有望增加9%。5.句式特征:% + 比較級 + 名詞表示凈減數(shù)

      The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied.新型機(jī)械能耗量凈減10% 6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示凈增數(shù)

      There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.與去年相比,今年鋼產(chǎn)量凈增20%

      7.句式特征:%+(of)名詞(代詞)表示凈減數(shù),數(shù)字n照譯

      The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年產(chǎn)值僅為去年的60% 8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示凈增數(shù)

      The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年糧食產(chǎn)量比1978年凈增20%。

      第二部分 倍數(shù)增加的表示法及譯法

      漢語表示“增加了幾倍”時,英語的倍數(shù)表示倍數(shù)需減一,譯成“增加了n-1倍”以表示凈增加數(shù)。如果譯成“增加到n倍”或“為原來的n倍”,則照譯不誤。

      1.句式特點(diǎn):表示增加意義的動詞+n times“表示成倍地增長,譯成”增加到N倍“或”增加n-1倍“

      注:1倍 once;2倍twice(或double);3倍thrice(或three times)2 表示增加意義的動詞+by+ n times,該句式與上述相同 表示增加意義的動詞+to+ n times表示增加到N倍,譯成”增加了n-1倍“ 4.表示增加意義的動詞+by a factor of + n times 5.表示增加意義的動詞+比較級+by a factor of + n times表示增加以后達(dá)到的倍數(shù),譯成”比。。。大(長、寬。。)N-1倍“

      6.表示增加意義的動詞+ n times+比較級+than。。。7.表示增加意義的動詞+ n times +adj./adv.+as....8.表示增加意義的動詞+a + n times(或n-fold)+increase.......表示增加到N倍,譯成”增加了N-1倍“

      9.表示增加意義的動詞+as + adj./adv.+ again as.....譯成”比。。大(長、寬。。倍)“

      例子: Line A is as long again as line B.A線比B線長1倍。

      This machine turns half as fast again as that one.這臺機(jī)器轉(zhuǎn)動比那臺機(jī)器快半倍。

      10.表示增加意義的動詞+half as + adj./adv.+ again as.....譯成”比。。大(長、寬。。半倍)“

      11.用double表示倍數(shù),譯成”等于.....的2倍“或”增加了1倍“ 12 用treble表示倍數(shù)增加,譯成”增加到3倍“或”增加了2倍“ 13.用quadruple表示倍數(shù)增加,譯成”增加到4倍“或”增加了3倍“

      第三部分 倍數(shù)減少的表示方法

      倍數(shù)減少在英譯時,需把倍數(shù)換算成分?jǐn)?shù)。成幾倍減少,可以改譯成”減少到1/N“或減少了”N-1/N“。而減少了N倍,可改譯成”減少到1/N+1“或”減少了N/N+1“。

      1.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+N times表示成N倍減少,譯成”減少到1/N“或”減少了N-1/N“ The length of laser tube was reduced ten times.激光管的長度縮短了十分之九。2.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+by+N times表示成N倍減少,譯成”減少到1/N“或”減少了N-1/N“ The bandwith was reduced by two times.帶寬減少了二分之一。

      3.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+by a factor of + N times表示成N倍減少,譯成”減少到1/N“或”減少了N-1/N“

      4.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+a-N times(N-fold)+ reduction譯成”減少到1/N“或”減少了N-1/N“

      The principal advantage over the old-fashioned machine is a four-fold reduction in weight.與舊式機(jī)器比,主要特點(diǎn)是重量減少了四分之三。

      5.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+N times+as + adj./adv......譯成”減少到1/N“或”減少了N-1/N“

      6.句式特點(diǎn):表示減少意義的動詞+N times+ 比較級+ than表示減少了N倍,譯成”減少到1/N+1”或“減少了1/N+1“

      The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one.這個塑料容器比那個玻璃容器輕六分之五。

      英語倍數(shù)句型及其譯法

      英語表示倍數(shù)增減或倍數(shù)對比的句型多種多樣,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等,見圈碼)很容易譯錯——其主要原因在于:英漢兩語在

      表述或?qū)Ρ缺稊?shù)方面存在著語言與思維差異?,F(xiàn)將常 用的英語倍數(shù)句型及其正確譯法歸納如下: 倍數(shù)增加

      (一)A is n times as great(long,much,?)as B.(①)A is n times greater(longer,more,?)than B.(②)A is n times the size(length,amount,?)of B.(③)

      以上三句都應(yīng)譯為;A的大?。ㄩL度,數(shù)量,??)是B的n倍[或A比B大(長,多,??)n-1倍].Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than,three times the length of)that one.這本書的篇幅是那本書的3倍(即長兩倍)。

      注:當(dāng)相比的對象B很明顯時,than(as,of)B常被省去。

      (二)increase to n times(④)increase n times/n-fold(⑤)increase by n times(⑥)

      increase by a factor of n(⑦)

      以上四式均應(yīng)譯為:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

      Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.集成電路的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了兩倍。

      Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.

      化肥產(chǎn)量比1986年增加了4倍。

      Eg.That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.那可使代謝率提高到原來的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

      Eg.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏電壓增加了3借(即增加到原來的4倍)。

      注:在這類句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等詞所替代。

      (三)There is a n-fold increase/growth?(⑧)

      應(yīng)譯為:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。這個句型還有其它一些形式:

      Eg.A record high increase in value of four times was reported.據(jù)報道,價值破記錄地增長了3倍。

      (四)double(增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)Eg.The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. 這些機(jī)器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

      (五)此外,英語中還有一種用again而不用倍數(shù)詞來比較倍數(shù)的方法,如:

      A is as much(large,long,?)again as B.(= A is twice as much(large,long,?)as B.(⑩)

      應(yīng)譯為:A比B多(大,長,??)1倍。

      A is half as much(large,1ong,?)again as B.【= A is one and a half times as much(large,1ong,?)as B.】(11)應(yīng)譯為:A比B多(大,長??)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。

      倍數(shù)減少

      (一)A is n times as small(light,slow,?)as B.(12)A is n times smaller(lighter,slower,?)than B.(13)

      以上兩句均應(yīng)譯為:A的大?。ㄖ亓?,速度,??)是B的1/n[或A比B?。ㄝp,慢,??)(n-1)/n]。Eg.The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氫原子的重量約為氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子約輕15/16)。

      Eg.This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.這種薄膜比普通紙張要薄一半(即是普通紙厚度的1/2)。注:當(dāng)相比的對象B很明顯時,than/as B常被省去。

      (二)decrease n times/n--fold(14)decrease by n times(15)

      decrease by a factor of n(16)

      以上三式均譯為:減少到1/n[或:減少(n-1)/n]。

      decrease常被reduce,shorten,go/slow down等詞替代。

      Eg.Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶體管的開關(guān)時間縮短了1/3(即縮短到2/3)。

      Eg.When the voltage is stepped up by ten times,the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.電壓升高9倍,電流強(qiáng)度便降低9/10(即90%)。

      Eg.The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了4/5。

      (三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction? 應(yīng)譯為:減至1/n [或:減少(n一1)/n]。(17)這個句型還有其它一些形式,Eg.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 發(fā)現(xiàn)迅速減少到1/7。

      Eg.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.這些產(chǎn)品的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是重量減輕了1/2。

      從上列倍數(shù)增減句型及其譯法中不難看出:與漢語不 同的是,英語在表述或比較倍數(shù)時,無論使用什么句 型(除了不含倍數(shù)詞的again句型外)都包括基礎(chǔ)倍

      數(shù)在內(nèi),因此都不是凈增或凈減n倍,而是凈增或 凈減n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍數(shù)增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍數(shù)比差=句型12,且decrease(by)3 times應(yīng)譯為“減少2/3”,而不是“減少3/4”。

      第四部分 動詞的使動用法

      動詞是英語中詞類中最為活躍的成分,現(xiàn)介紹一些使動用法共勉。1.I slowly walked my horse up the hill.我慢慢地帶馬上山。2.The ran the ship aground.他們把船開到灘上去了。

      3.The swam their horses in the river.他們使馬泅水渡河。

      4.I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs.我躺下來好讓疲憊的腿休息一下。5.They rode out the storm.他們安然渡過風(fēng)暴

      其實(shí),研究動詞個人認(rèn)為,要把握后面有無賓語;賓語是人還是物;是什么樣的賓語。歡迎網(wǎng)友探討,動詞的學(xué)習(xí)研討方法。

      第五部分 同系賓語

      1.I dreamed a strange dream.2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.3.I have fought a good fight.一、在同系賓語上附有修飾形容詞時,通??蓳Q成態(tài)度副詞。live a long life = live long;live a happy life = live happily;die a national death = die nationally;die a violent death = die by violence

      二、有的賓語與動詞不同語源,但意義相通,也可以視為同類。run a race;run a course;run one's career;fight a battle;blow a gale;strike a blow;ring a peal;wreak one's vengeance

      三、以it構(gòu)成的類型:

      I am determined to fight it out。我決心奮斗到底。He is starring it in the provinces.他到各地巡回演出。

      We had to walk it in the rain.我們不得不冒雨而行。Can't you swim it?你游不過去嗎?

      四、在某些熟語中可將同系賓語省略,如look thanks = look a look of thanks He looked the thanks he could not express.他眼中現(xiàn)出言語無法表達(dá)的感謝。

      She left the room, looking daggers at me.她以短劍相刺的目光望著我,走出了房間。

      五、最高級形容詞后,可以省略同系賓語。The lady was looking her best(look).She sang her sweest(song)to please him.第六部分 一組詞組

      1.all+抽象名詞/抽象名詞+itself = very + adj.He was all gentleness to her.他對她非常溫存。

      To his superiors, he is humility itself。對于長輩,他極為謙遜。

      分析:該結(jié)構(gòu)原來是表示某種性質(zhì)達(dá)到極點(diǎn)的一種說法,有“非常”、“盡管”、“一味”、“盡” 的含義,有時甚至可以譯為“。。的化身”、“。。的具體化”。普通復(fù)數(shù)名詞用于“all”之后,也是表達(dá)這種概念。

      He is all smiles.他一味地笑。She is all eyes.她盯著看。I am all anxiety.我真擔(dān)心。

      He is all attention.他全神貫注地聽著。2.Something(much)of / nothing(little)of Mr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲學(xué)家風(fēng)范。Mr.Wu is nothing of a musician.吳先生全無音樂家的風(fēng)味。Mr.Lu is very much of a poet.陸先生大有詩人氣派。Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.劉先生幾無學(xué)者風(fēng)度。

      分析:此為表示“程度”的形容詞短語,有時可以當(dāng)作副詞翻譯。Something of =to some extent(某程度),在問句和條件句中則用anyting of(略有、多少)。nothing of譯作“全無、毫無”。相類似的情況:

      to be something of = to have something of + 名詞+in +代名詞

      He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫無演說家的才能。

      這類名詞的用法,可以處理為副詞。

      He has seen something of life.他略具閱歷。他稍閱世。Something of 與something like區(qū)別:程度上有差異。something like = something approximateing in character or amount指數(shù)量或性質(zhì)略同的事物,又 作somewhat(似乎、略微)解釋。

      This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。It shaped something like a cigar.其形狀略似雪茄

      第三篇:英語中的數(shù)詞表示

      英語中的數(shù)詞

      一.概述

      數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少和順序先后的詞,分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序.二.基數(shù)詞

      1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

      1)1~12是獨(dú)立的單詞 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 2)13~19是在基數(shù)詞后加-teen 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 注意:13和15的拼寫發(fā)生變化,18應(yīng)省去原來的字母t,應(yīng)熟記 3)20~90的整位數(shù)是在基數(shù)詞后加-ty 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼寫發(fā)生變化

      4)21~29由”十位數(shù)20+個位數(shù)1~9”構(gòu)成,中間加連字符 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six 27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine 其他”幾十幾”的數(shù)詞依此類推.31 thirty-one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three 64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six 97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine 5)百位數(shù)由1~9加hundred構(gòu)成

      one/a hundred 200 two hundred 500 five hundred 900 nine hundred 百位數(shù)含十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)時,百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間常用and連接;百位數(shù)加個位數(shù)時,也可用and連接,但在美式英語中,這個and往往省略.158 a/one hundred(and)fifty-eight 599 five hundred(and)ninety-nine 605 six hundred(and)five 808 eight hundred(and)eight 6)千位數(shù)由1~9加thousand構(gòu)成

      1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand 5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand 千位數(shù)帶百、十、個位數(shù)時,由千位數(shù)直接加百、十、個位數(shù)構(gòu)成.a只能用在整個詞組之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文體中應(yīng)該用one.另外,千位數(shù)中如果百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)均為零,可用and與個位數(shù)連接,但在美式英語中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thousand(and)five 3,008 three thousand(and)eight 4,836 four thousand eight hundred(and)thirty-six 6,927 six thousand nine hundred(and)twenty-seven 7)萬位數(shù)的構(gòu)成

      英語中的”萬”要用”數(shù)詞+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand 20,000 twenty thousand 50,000 fifty thousand 60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred(and)fifty-six 89,733 eighty-nine thousand seven hundred(and)thirty-three “10萬~99萬”的表示法

      100,000 a/one hundred thousand 200,000 two hundred thousand 335,452 three hundred(and)thirty-five thousand four hundred(and)fifty-two 650,700 six hundred(and)fifty thousand seven hundred 998,616 nine hundred(and)ninety-eight thousand six hundred(and)sixteen 8)”百萬”的表示法

      “百萬”以million為單位.1,000,000 a/one million 2,000,000 two million 3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand 8,964,688 eight million nine hundred(and)sixty-four thousand six hundred(and)eighty-eight 9)”千萬”的表示法 10,000,000 ten million 20,000,000 twenty million 96,000,000 ninety-six million 10)”億”的表示法

      100,000,000 a/one hundred million 600,000,000 six hundred million 11)”十億”的表示法

      1,000,000,000(10億)a/one billion a/one thousand million 2,000,000,000(20億)two billion two thousand million 1000以上的基數(shù)詞,從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個逗號,作為一個單位,第一個逗號前的數(shù)為thousand(千),第二個逗號前的數(shù)為million(百萬).8,869 eight thousand eight hundred(and)sixty-nine 40,664,820 forty million six hundred(and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred(and)twenty 2.基數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語 2)作表語 3)作賓語 4)作定語 5)作同位語

      hundred,thousand,million在讀數(shù)時不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(誤)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million修飾名詞,表示具體數(shù)目時,不可加s.這所學(xué)校有600名學(xué)生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(誤)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of(幾百),thousands of(幾千),millions of(幾百萬)等表示泛指,數(shù)量不定,要加s,用復(fù)數(shù)形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他買書花了數(shù)百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.數(shù)千人參加了會議.Millions of workers lost their jobs.數(shù)百萬工人失業(yè).The birds came by hundreds.鳥兒成百地出現(xiàn).The novel sold by the millions.這部小說銷售以百萬計.表示整十的基數(shù)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示人的歲數(shù)或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多歲.She died in her nineties.她是九十多歲去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出國去了.in one’s teens(正)十幾歲 in one’s tens(誤)年份用基數(shù)詞表示,通常以”百”為單位來讀.1956 讀作nineteen(hundred and)fifty-six(hundred and通常要省去)1999 讀作nineteen(hundred and)ninety-nine 但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 讀作two thousand 2001 讀作two thousand and one 2008 讀作two thousand and eight 2020 讀作two thousand and twenty 三.序數(shù)詞

      1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1)第一至第三

      英語序數(shù)詞第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(縮寫為1st)第二second(縮寫為2nd)第三third(縮寫為3rd)2)第四至第十九

      序數(shù)詞第四至第十九都是在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成,發(fā)[θ]音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼寫有變化,應(yīng)特別注意.第四fourth 第五fifth 第六sixth 第七seventh 第八eighth 第九ninth 第十tenth 第十一eleventh 第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth 第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth 第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth 第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth 3)第二十至第九十

      從第二十到第九十表示整十的序數(shù)詞,是把相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾的y改為i,再加-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth 第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth 第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth 第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth 4)非整十的多位數(shù)

      非整十的多位數(shù),把個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞即可,十位數(shù)不變.第二十一twenty-first(21st)第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd)第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th)第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th)第九十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st)第二百八十八two hundred(and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred(and)seventy-third(973rd)第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序數(shù)詞的縮寫式是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母組成.5)hundred等的序數(shù)詞

      hundred,thousand和million的序數(shù)詞分別為hundredth,thousandth,millionth.第一百(one)hundredth(不可用a)第八百eight hundredth 第一千(one)thousandth 第一萬ten thousandth 第十萬(one)hundred thousandth 第一百萬(one)millionth 2.序數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語 2)作賓語 3)作表語 4)作定語 5)作同位語 6)作狀語

      序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞.He will be the first to speak.他將第一個發(fā)言.The ninth boy is from England.第九個男孩來自英國.序數(shù)詞前用了物主代詞或名詞所有格,則不用定冠詞.She is his second wife.她是他的第二個妻子.It is Lily’s third dictionary.這是莉莉的第三本詞典.表示比賽或考試的名次時,定冠詞常省略.Tom was(the)first in the match.湯姆在比賽中獲得第一名.用作副詞時,不加定冠詞.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次見到他是在上海.序數(shù)詞前有時可用不定冠詞,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加,相當(dāng)于another.I’ll read the book a second time.我將把這本書再讀一遍.(已讀過一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看見了第三只猴子.(已看見兩只)3.數(shù)詞的各種表達(dá)法

      1)章節(jié)、頁數(shù)、課次、行次、第幾中學(xué)、第幾車間等編號常用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示,也可用”the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter 第二節(jié): Section Two或the second section 第五課: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson 第23頁:page 23或the twenty-third page 第8行: line eight 或the eighth line 第三中學(xué):No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School 第二機(jī)械車間: No.2 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop 第一次世界大戰(zhàn): World WarⅠ或the First World War 較大的數(shù)字,要用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第608頁: page six o eigth(o讀作[?u])第839頁:page eight three nine或page eight hundred(and)thirty-nine 第2645頁:page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five 2)房間、門牌等的表示法

      房間、門牌、電話號碼、信箱號碼、郵政編碼等,用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第236房間:Room(No.)236(讀作room(number)two three six)中山東路66號:(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 電話號碼:025-84318988 Telephone number 025-84318988(讀作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight))(在o,two,five之后要稍加停頓)326信箱:P.O.Box 326 郵政編碼:230094 Postcode 230094(讀作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽車: Bus(No.)33或The No.33 Bus 309班機(jī):Flight Number 309 507航班:Flight Number 507 3)世紀(jì)、年代表示法

      年代為四位數(shù)時,各分成二位來讀.20世紀(jì):the 20th century 21世紀(jì):the 21st century 在50年代:in the fifties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))在90年代:in the nineties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))1990年:nineteen ninety 1998年:nineteen ninety-eight 注意下面年代的讀法: 2000年:(the year)two thousand 2001年:two thousand(and)one 2008年:two thousand(and)eight 2025年:two thousand(and)twenty-five twenty twenty-five 2050年:two thousand(and)fifty twenty fifty 4)日期表示法

      日期通常用序數(shù)詞來讀.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(讀作the first of May)May 1(st)(美式)(讀作May(the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(讀作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(讀作October(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法

      “公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世紀(jì):in the sixth century AD 公元55年:in 55 AD in(the year)AD 55 公元前500年:in(the year)500 BC 6)鐘點(diǎn)表示法

      鐘點(diǎn)時刻通常用基數(shù)詞表示.表示整點(diǎn)可加o’clock,口語中常省去.It’s ten o’clock.現(xiàn)在10點(diǎn)鐘.He got up at six(o’clock).他6點(diǎn)鐘起的床.表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,在30分鐘之內(nèi),包括30分鐘,用past,結(jié)構(gòu)為:分鐘數(shù)+ past/after +小時.9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten 10:15(a)quarter past ten或ten fifteen 11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty 5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five 表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,分鐘數(shù)超過了30分鐘,結(jié)構(gòu)為:到下一鐘點(diǎn)所差分鐘數(shù)+ to/of(美)+下一小時數(shù).7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty 9:45(a)quarter to ten或nine forty-five 用a.m.表示”上午”,用p.m.表示”下午”.另外,o’clock不能與a.m.或p.m.連用.四.分?jǐn)?shù)詞

      1.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成

      分?jǐn)?shù)詞由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.分子大于1時,分母序數(shù)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third 1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter 2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters 5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenths 1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths 分母和分子之間可用連字符,也可不用.2.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的用法

      分?jǐn)?shù)詞常同of短語連用,在句中作主語或賓語.五.四則運(yùn)算表示法

      加、減、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three? 10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelve.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.數(shù)詞的其他用法 1.half的用法

      1)half作形容詞意為”一半”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): 結(jié)構(gòu): half a/an +單數(shù)名詞 a half +單數(shù)名詞

      半天half a day 半月half a month a half day a half month 半小時half an hour 半英里half a mile a half hour a half mile 2)half作名詞,常用于half of?結(jié)構(gòu),of??墒∪?但half of后為人稱代詞時,of不可省

      一半的工作: half(of)the work 一半的時間: half(of)the time 一半的書: half(of)the books 一半的房子: half(of)the houses 我們中的一半: half of us 他們中的一半: half of them 3)”一個半”的表示法如下

      一個半蘋果a/one apple and a half one and a half apples 一個半小時a/one hour and a half one and a half hours 2.小數(shù)表示法

      小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)是point,讀作[p?int],”零”是zero,讀作[zi?r?u].0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five 15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight 3.百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法

      百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,在數(shù)字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent 84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent 100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent 4.倍數(shù)表示法

      1)”增加一倍”用double The price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.鋼的價格在過去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比??大長??(n-1)倍”用:倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級 + than +被比部分 That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比這所房子大兩倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽車的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是??的幾倍”用:倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 + as +被比部分

      This factory is four times as big as that one.這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的書是我的三倍之多.5.年齡表示法 1)一般說法 她13歲.She is thirteen years old.She is thirteen.She is aged thirteen.She is thirteen years of age.2)in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)

      “in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示”??多歲了”.Her father is in his thirties.她爸爸三十多歲了.The old woman is in her nineties.這位老奶奶已經(jīng)九十多歲了.3)at the age of at the age of?表示”在??年齡”,常作狀語.He went to school at the age of six.他6歲上學(xué).At the age of nineteen,she joined the Party.她19歲入的黨.6.約數(shù)表示法

      約數(shù)表示”多于,大約,左右,以上,不足”等意義,常用表示法如下: 多于→over,more than 少于→less than 大約→about,around 將近→almost,nearly 左右→or so 或??以上→or more

      或??以下→or less 在??以下→under

      The street is over 2,000 metres long.這條大街有2000多米長.He finished his homework in less than an hour.他不到一小時就做完了作業(yè).There are about 500 books on the bookshelves.書架上大約有500本書.Almost/Nearly one hundred people swam across the river.將近有100人游過了那條河.The hall can hold 1,000 people or more.這個大廳能容納1000多人.These toys are for children under five.這些玩具是給5歲以下兒童玩的.It will take them four of five days to walk out of the forest.他們要花四五天時間才能走出森林.The city has changed a lot in the past ten years or so.在過去十年左右的時間里,這座城市發(fā)生了很大變化.

      第四篇:數(shù)詞小結(jié)

      數(shù)詞

      數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)

      一、數(shù)詞的分類 數(shù)詞主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。1.基數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下:

      A.從1——10: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從11-19: eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.

      這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。

      C.從 21——99:整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” ①21 twenty-one ② 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù):1-9基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上:從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。①2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight。

      ②16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four.③5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four ★★F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時,要用百、千、百萬、十億的單數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時,則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。four hundred boys There are hundreds of people in the hall. They went to the theatre in twos and threes.

      注:several+ hundred/thousand/million /billion+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 eg:There are several hundred students.G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。1)表年齡: in one’s + 整十的復(fù)數(shù),表示在某人幾十歲時

      ①He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時成為了教授 ②在他四十歲時: ___ 2)表示年代: in the + 年份的復(fù)數(shù),在幾世紀(jì)幾十年代.It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。

      H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能

      基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。

      The two happily opened the box.(作主語)I need three altogether.(作賓語)Four students are playing volleyball outside.(作定語)We are sixteen.(作表語)They three tried to finish the task before sunset.(作同位語)2.序數(shù)詞:表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式:

      A.從第一至第十九:其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九:

      整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 第四十 第五十

      表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞:由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一;one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十

      D.序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 注:lst,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能:序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。

      The second is what I really need.(作主語)He choose the second.(作賓語)We are to carry out the first plan.(作定語)She is the second in our class.(作表語)★序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞 the;但若序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再一”“又一”。

      We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?

      ▲表編號 結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(首字母要大寫)+ 基數(shù)詞 = the +序數(shù)詞 +名詞

      Lesson One = the first lesson the fifth page=Page 5(five)the twenty-first room=Room 21(twenty-one)★

      二、時刻表示法

      1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞可以加o`clock,也可省略:5:00 讀作 five o`clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時

      eg: five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半 a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻 3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時

      ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)

      差二十分六點(diǎn)

      4.在日常生活中,以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字:

      讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作

      注:時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表上午,p.m.表下午了。

      三、年月表示法

      1.世紀(jì)=定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+century表示,也可以用定冠詞+百位進(jìn)數(shù)+`s表示

      the sixth/6th century=the 500’s 公元六世紀(jì) the 1900`s 二十世紀(jì) the 1600`s 十七世紀(jì) 2.年代用定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+十位整數(shù)的所有格或復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成

      in the 1930`s/in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;在十九世紀(jì)六十年代

      3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920`s 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950`s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

      A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字:

      1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two ★表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,eg: in 2012 在2012年

      使用year時,year放在數(shù)詞之前in the year two hundred fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 B.月份,在哪個月,用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞:例如:in May在五月; 月份常用縮寫形式表示:縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January—Jan. February—Feb. March—Mar.April—Apr.

      August—Aug. September—Sept. October—Oct. November—Nov. December—Dec. 注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略

      C.日期 在具體哪一天要添加介詞on。更多資料QQ378459309制作:

      National Day is on Oct.1.(October first也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October.)

      May 5(th)五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May

      Mar.1(st)(讀作March first或 the first of March)

      ★★注:通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時,介詞應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.

      The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7./ We are to have a small test on Monday morning. ★

      四、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法.1).結(jié)構(gòu): a).分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.b).當(dāng)分子大于1時,分母加復(fù)數(shù).3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 1/2 a half = one second 1 1/2 one and a half 2).注意: a).當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接可數(shù)名詞時,如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);<1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(讀作 one and a half hours)4/5 meter 五分之四米 2 3/4 mete rs 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)★b).分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語時, 謂語動詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來確定.Two fifths of the milk ______(be)drunk by Tom.One third of the students _______(be)girls.五、小數(shù)表示法

      1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時,可以省略不讀。

      0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三

      2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時,小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時,小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸

      六、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法 : 百分?jǐn)?shù)=基數(shù)+percent表示 這里的percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。50% fifty percent 3% three percent 0.12% zero point one two percent

      七、數(shù)量表示法

      1.表示長、寬、高、面積等: 用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高

      2.表示溫度時,用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度=基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏)表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度

      這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時,可以省略。It’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度。(攝氏)

      ★3.表示時間、距離時,使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。

      five minutes` walk 步行五分鐘(的距離)one kilometer’s distance 一公里遠(yuǎn)?!?.數(shù)詞加名詞單數(shù)構(gòu)成的短語,短語中間要用連字符“-”來連接,作定語修飾名詞 It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.

      八、特殊用法

      ★1.?dāng)?shù)詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: Two months is quite a long time. Four and two is six.What’s two and three?

      2.一個半小時(一年半,一個半月可類推)one/an hour and a half =one and a half hours

      第五篇:初中英語—數(shù)詞

      初中英語—數(shù)詞

      數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。

      一.基數(shù)詞

      1.基數(shù)詞就注意以下幾點(diǎn):

      (1)幾十幾的基數(shù)詞的十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要用連字符“-”連接。如:

      eighty-five 85

      twenty-six 26

      (2)三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間用and連接。如:three hundred and sixty-five 365

      two hundred and six 206

      (3)基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞或several修飾時,必須用單數(shù)。如:

      several hundred year’s ago幾百年前

      two thousand students兩千個學(xué)生

      2.基數(shù)詞的特殊用法:

      (1)表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時,用逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

      in the 1990’s 20世紀(jì)90年代

      in one’s twenties在某人20多歲時

      (2)用在習(xí)語中。如:

      in twos and threes三三兩兩地

      二.序數(shù)詞

      序數(shù)詞應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng):

      1.多位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時,只需將末位基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞,前邊的基數(shù)詞不變。如:forty-two 42 forty-second第42

      nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900

      2.當(dāng)序數(shù)詞用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示時,必須在數(shù)字后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母。如:21st第21

      32nd第32

      3.序數(shù)詞前一般要用定冠詞the,如果序數(shù)詞前用a或an時,則表示“又一;再一”(沒有具體范圍的限制)。如:

      Though he had failed twice, he wanted to try a third time.盡管他已失敗了兩次,他還想再試一次。

      The little monkey had had three apples, and he wanted to eat a fourth one.那只小猴子已經(jīng)吃了3個蘋果,他還想再吃一個。

      三.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)

      1.分?jǐn)?shù)

      (1)分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。如:

      one fifth五分之一

      one tenth十分之一

      (2)當(dāng)分子大于1時,分母用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如:

      two thirds三分之二

      five eighths八分之五

      (3)當(dāng)分子是1時,可以用one也可以用a。如:

      a second = one second

      a third = one third

      (4)當(dāng)分母是2和4時,分別可以用half和quarter代替。如:

      a half二分之一

      three quarters四分之三

      2.百分?jǐn)?shù)

      百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent表示。如:

      forty percent百分之四十

      three percent百分之三

      3.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)與主謂一致

      分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的考查往往和主謂一致相聯(lián)系。當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.我們學(xué)校百分之八十的學(xué)生來自河南。

      Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.我們班四分之三的學(xué)生對英語感興趣。

      Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.地球上三分之二的水是海水。

      四.倍數(shù)的表示法

      1.表示“幾倍大?。ㄩL短;數(shù)量)”,由“倍數(shù)+ the size(length, amount...)”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如:The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.2.表示“……比……大幾倍”,由“倍數(shù)+形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than +被比較部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如:

      This box is three times bigger than that one.3.表示“……是……倍”,由“倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞+ as +被比較部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如:Our factory is twice as big as theirs.練習(xí)※答案

      ()1.Lincoln was born on ________.A.February 12, 1809B.1809, February 12C.1809, 12 FebruaryD.February 1809,12

      ()2.A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.A.ten-year-oldB.ten years oldC.ten-year-oldD.fifth years old

      ()3.An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.A.twoB.the secondC.the twoD.second

      ()4.Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.A.16B.the 16C.16thD.the 16th

      ()5.Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?

      A.twoB.the twoC.secondD.the second

      ()6.How many students are there in your class?

      ________.A.Twenty nineB.Thirty and twoC.Forty-fiveD.fifties

      ()7.Which number is wrong? _______.A.NinetyB.NinteenC.NinthD.Nineteenth

      ()8.The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.A.on August 1, 1927B.in 1927, 1 AugustC.on August 1st, 1927D.in August 1, 1927

      ()9.The number 4,123 is read _______.A.four thousand one hundred and twenty-threeB.four thousand and one hundred twenty-three

      C.four thousand and a hundred and twenty-threeD.four thousands a hundred and twenty-three

      ()10.The old professor still works hard though he is _________.A.in his sixtyB.in his sixtiesC.in sixtiesD.in the sixty

      ()11.This classroom is ________ ours.A.three times big asB.as three times big asC.three times as big asD.as big three times as

      ()12.The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.A.threeB.thirdC.the threeD.the third

      ()13.Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.A.fifty twoB.the fifty-two carsC.the car fifty fourD.the fifty-fourth car

      ()14.Which of the following is wrong? ________.A.He is a fifteen-year-old boy.B.He is at the age of 15.C.He is a boy of 15.D.He is fifteen year old.()15.Our school is not very big.There are only ________ students.A.nine hundreds ofB.nine hundredC.nine hundredsD.nine hundred of

      ()16.How many new words are there in ________ lesson?

      There are only _________.A.five;fifthB.fifth;fiveC.the fifth;the fiveD.the fifth;five

      ()17.________, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.A.In 1970'sB.In 1970sC.In the 1970s'D.In the 1970s

      ()18.There was no bus in that small town.We had a ________.A.ten miles walkB.ten-mile walkC.ten mile's walkD.tenth mile walk

      ()19.Today is the first day and ________.A.Tuesday is fourthB.Thursday is the fourthC.second is Tuesday D.a second is Thursday

      ()20.Which room do you live in? ________.A.The 201 RoomB.Room 201C.Room 201stD.The 201's Room

      ()21.How many magazines do you have? I have ________.A.twoB.bothC.twiceD.the second

      ()22.Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means ________.A.3,170B.3,117C.300,170D.30,170

      ()23.On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.A.the first, millionsB.the first, millions ofC.first, the millionthD.first, millions

      ()24.________ of them are dining at school.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.The twelveD.the 12th

      ()25.It's 7:17 is read ________.A.seven and seventeenB.seven sevenC.seven one sevenD.seven seventeen

      ()26.Four ________ two is two.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by

      ()27.Three ________ five is eight.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by

      ()28.Three ________ seven is twenty-one.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by

      ()29.Forty-two ________ seven is six.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by

      ()30.There are ________ days in a year.A.three hundred sixty and fiveB.three hundred and sixty-five

      C.three hundreds and sixty-fiveD.three hundred sixty-five

      ()31.There are ________ students in that school.A.two thousand eight-sixB.two thousand eighty-six

      C.two thousand and eighty-sixD.two thousands and eighty-six

      ()32.It took me ________ to get there.A.two hours and a halfB.two hours and half

      C.two hour and a halfD.two hour and half

      ()33.September is _________ month of the year.A.the ninethB.the ninthC.ninethD.ninth

      ()34.Please pass me _______ book on the left.A.thirdB.threeC.the thirdD.the three

      ()35.________ is a very tall boy.A.The twelveB.The twelvethC.The twelfethD.The twelfth

      ()36.We have known each other for ________.A.a year and halfB.a year with halfC.a year and a halfD.a year with a half

      ()37.“What year is it?”

      “It's ________.”

      A.nineteen hundred and ninety-sevenB.nineteen and ninety-seven

      C.nineteen ninety and sevenD.nineteen ninety-seven

      ()38.“What's the date today?”

      “It's _________.”

      A.TuesdayB.June FourthC.June the fourD.June the fourth

      ()39.The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.A.in quarter past sixB.in a quarter past sixC.at quarter past sixD.at a quarter past six

      ()40.My friend was born on _________.A.three of July, 1979B.the third of July,1979

      C.1979, July the thirdD.1979, the third of July

      ()41.________ is less than ________.A.One-third;two-thirdsB.One-third;two-third

      C.First-three;first-threesD.One-third;one-three

      ()42.Which lesson did you learn yesterday? ________.A.Lesson SevenB.Lesson seventhC.The 7 LessonD.7 Lesson

      ()43.“What's the date today?” “It's _______.”

      A.the fourth of mayB.the fourth MayC.May fourD.May the fourth

      ()44.334 is read ________.A.three hundreds and thirty fourB.three hundreds thirty four

      C.three hundred and thirty fourthD.three hundred and thirty-four

      ()45.In February, there are only _________ days.A.twenty nineB.twenty-ninethC.twenty-nineD.twenty eight

      ()46.There will be a comedy on TV at ________ this evening.A.seven past thirtyB.half past sevenC.seven the thirtyD.thirty to seven

      ()47.It took me ________ to find out the key to the drawer.A.one and half hoursB.one and a half hoursC.one and a half hourD.one and half hour

      ()48.I'm so tired after ________ walk.A.three hoursB.three hours'C.three hour'sD.three hour

      ()49.There are ________ stars in the sky.A.million ofB.millions ofC.the millionD.a million of

      ()50.the street is ________ wide.A.two metersB.two meterC.the two meterD.a two meter

      Key:

      1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A9.A10.B11.C12.D13.D14.D15.B16.D17.D18.B19.B20.B21.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.C35.D36.C37.D38.D39.D40.B41.A42.A43.D44.D45.C46.B47.B48.B49.B50.A

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