第一篇:高中英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的用法總結(jié)
一、數(shù)詞的分類 1.基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞.其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen. 這里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成.C.從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成.表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù)
個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上
從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”.從右開始,第一個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion.然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式.2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn).There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人.Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.
每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館.They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡?G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示.He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授.She died of lung cancer in forties. 她四十來歲時(shí)死于肺癌.It was in the 1960s.
那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代.H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能 基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ).The two happily opened the box.
兩個(gè)人高興地打開了盒子.(作主語(yǔ))I need three altogether.
我總共需要三個(gè).(作賓語(yǔ))
Four students are playing volleyball outside. 四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球.(作定語(yǔ))We are sixteen.
我們是16個(gè)人.(作表語(yǔ))
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù).(作同位語(yǔ))2.序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞.序數(shù)詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九
其中,one— first, two— second, three— third, five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成.例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成.twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示.thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九
C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示.one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
有時(shí),序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示.主要縮寫形式有.first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th.E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能
序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ).The second is what I really need. 第二個(gè)是我真正需要的.(作主語(yǔ))He choose the second.
他挑選了第二個(gè).(作賓語(yǔ))We are to carry out the first plan. 我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃.(作定語(yǔ))
She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名.(作表語(yǔ))注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再——”,“又——”.We/’ll go over it a second time. 我們得再念第二遍.We/’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎? 另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序.只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞.the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、時(shí)刻表示法
1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o/’clock 5:00 讀作 five o/’clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí) five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半
a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻
seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分 3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí) ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)在日常生活中,常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間.以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字.6:31 讀作 six thirty-one 10:26 讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five 注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了.三、年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加/’s表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì) the 1900/’s 二十世紀(jì) the 1600/’s 十七世紀(jì)
這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個(gè)世紀(jì).2.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成
in the 1930/’s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代
in the 1860/’s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代
In the 1870/’s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.
在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ).3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920/’s 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950/’s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀.1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前.in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字.B.月份,在哪個(gè)月用介詞in加第一個(gè)字母大寫的月份詞表示.例如:in May在五月; in July在七月.為了簡(jiǎn)便起見,月份與日期連用時(shí),月份常用縮寫形式表示.縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個(gè)字母表示,但September除外.January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月
November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式的符號(hào).C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示.在哪一天要添加介詞on.National Day is on Oct.1.國(guó)慶節(jié)是十月一日.(讀作 October first)
此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具體、不確切的時(shí)間,如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時(shí),用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in.但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語(yǔ),把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí),介詞in應(yīng)改為on.這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、定語(yǔ)從句等.On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house. 在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨,這個(gè)老人孤獨(dú)地死在自己的房子里.I don/’t want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study. 我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾.The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7. 這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午.We are to have a small test on Monday morning. 星期一早晨我們將進(jìn)行一次小測(cè)驗(yàn).四、加減乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示.2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five.
Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five.
Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five. 二加三等于五
2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four. 十減去六等于四
3.“乘”用time(動(dòng)詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve.
Multiply three by four,we get twelve. Three multiplied by four makes twelve. 三乘以四等于十二
4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four. 十六除以四等于四.五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的.基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù).1 1/2 hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞.10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數(shù)表示法
1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o〔ou〕,整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀.0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三
2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù).1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸
七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示 50% fifty percent 百分之五十 3% three percent 百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二 這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式.八、數(shù)量表示法
1.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length, width, height, weight等)表示.two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng) three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight. 這個(gè)盒子有兩千克重.The city wall of Xi/’an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high. 西安城墻是12米寬,12米高.2.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ).five minutes/’ walk
步行五分鐘(的距離)
It/’s an hour/’s ride from my hometown to our university. 從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程.或:從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí).It/’s three kilometers/’ distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn).3.表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示.thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. 水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰.Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade. 水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰.這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略.You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度.(攝氏)
It/’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度.(攝氏)
4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語(yǔ)中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接.It/’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. 從圖書館到操場(chǎng)需要走五分鐘.She/’s a sixteen-year-old girl. 她是個(gè)十六歲的女孩.5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法.This room is two times bigger than that one. 這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)(房間)大兩倍.The dictionary is four times thicker than that book. 這本詞典比那本書厚四倍.My age is two times older than his. 我的年齡比他大兩倍
第二篇:英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容 數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
二.知識(shí)歸納與總結(jié)
A.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
(一)數(shù)詞的分類:
表示數(shù)目多少或順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。
表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞。one,two
表示順序次第的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。the first(第一)、the second(第二)
(二)數(shù)詞的用法:
1.作主語(yǔ)
Thirty of them are Party members.他們之中的三十人是黨員。
2.作賓語(yǔ)
Please pass me the second.請(qǐng)遞給我第二個(gè)。
3.作定語(yǔ)
The nine boys are from Tianjin.這九個(gè)男孩子是天津人。
4.作表語(yǔ)
Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十。
5.作同位語(yǔ)(只限基數(shù)詞)
We four will go with you.我們四個(gè)人將和你一起去。
B.用法總結(jié)
(一)基數(shù)詞的表示方法:
1.1-12 的基數(shù)詞:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基數(shù)詞,在個(gè)位數(shù)上加后綴-teen構(gòu)成,并有兩個(gè)重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位數(shù)由2-9 加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位數(shù)20加個(gè)位數(shù)1-9 構(gòu)成,十位和個(gè)位之間加連字符號(hào)“-”,其他十位數(shù)以此類推。twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位數(shù)的讀法
① 從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”;第一個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為thousand(千),第二個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為million(百萬)……,然后再逐段表達(dá)。
② 三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and。
45,632,798 讀作
forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight
(二)序數(shù)詞的表示方法:
序數(shù)詞 = 基數(shù)詞+th,但以下幾個(gè)特殊:
one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, a hundred-a hundredth
(三)倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法:
1.倍數(shù):time(s)
This room is three times as large as that one.這個(gè)房間有那個(gè)房間三個(gè)大。
Three threes are nine.or Three times three is nine.三三得九。
2.分?jǐn)?shù):
分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示,分子為2以上時(shí),分母(序數(shù)詞)應(yīng)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
三分之一,one third, a third; 五分之三,three fifths
數(shù)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)由of 后面的名詞來決定,名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.3.小數(shù):
小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面則須將數(shù)字一一讀出。
1.25 讀作 one point two five
0.56 讀作naught point five six或zero point five six
4.百分?jǐn)?shù):
百分號(hào)%讀作 percent
eg.5% 讀作 five percent
(四)算式表達(dá)法:
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.or A and B is C.2.減法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.or B from A is C.3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.or A multiplied by B is C.4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于
A>B → A is more than B.6.小于
A
(五)常見數(shù)詞的表示法及讀法
1.章節(jié)、頁(yè)數(shù)的讀法
第一章:the first chapter;Chapter One
第二節(jié):the second section;Section Two
第三課:the third lesson;Lesson Three
第463頁(yè):page four six three
第2564頁(yè):page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
注意:如果頁(yè)碼的數(shù)字較長(zhǎng),通常用基數(shù)詞。
2.房間、門牌、電話號(hào)碼的讀法
第305房間:Room three o(零)five
長(zhǎng)安街76號(hào):seventy-six Chang'an Street
電話號(hào)碼:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two)four four
十一路公共汽車:Bus(No.)eleven
3.年代、日期、時(shí)刻的讀法
(1)年份是四位數(shù)字時(shí),各分成二位來讀,eg.公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
(2)日期使用一般的序數(shù)詞來讀取
eg.5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
(3)時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來讀
eg.8點(diǎn)45分:8: 45(=eight forty-five)
(4)年代表示法:
eg.二十世紀(jì)九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
4.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million前面有具體數(shù)字,要用單數(shù)形式,但如果它們后面有of,那它們要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,同時(shí),前面不能再加具體的數(shù)目。
eg.two thousand 兩千 thousands of 成千上萬
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 數(shù)以百萬計(jì)
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上萬的人參觀了這座城市。
(六)需注意的問題:
1.數(shù)詞+名詞用“-”連在一起作定語(yǔ),后面名詞不用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg.a four-year-old boy
2.有些結(jié)構(gòu)既有基數(shù)詞又有序數(shù)詞。
eg.the first three questions
the last five minutes
3.英語(yǔ)中有一些短語(yǔ)包含數(shù)詞,不能從表面上理解它們的意義
eg.one and the only 唯一 be at one with 與… 一致
be on all fours 匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a crowd 二人成伴,三人不歡
one and the same 同一個(gè);完全一樣 for one 舉個(gè)例子說
ten to one 十之八九 a thousand to one 十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen 滔滔不絕 by twos and threes 三三兩兩
in ones and twos 三三兩兩 first and last 總共
first of all 首先 from the first 從一開始
......
第三篇:數(shù)詞總結(jié)
2.數(shù)字的讀法及寫法 1 one
eleven 2 two
twelve
twenty
hundred 3 three thirteen thirty
1,000 thousand 4 four
fourteen
forty
1,000,000million 5 five
fifteen
fifty
1,000,000,000 6 six sixteen
sixty
billion 7 seven seventeen 70 seventy
1,000,000,000,000 8 eight
eighteen
eighty
zillion 9 nine
nineteen
ninety ten 3.序數(shù)詞的讀法
1st first
11th eleventh
2nd second
12th twelfth
20th twentieth 3rd third
13th thirteenth
30th thirtieth 4th fourth
14th fourteenth
40th fortieth 5th fifth
15th fifteenth
50th fiftieth 6th sixth
16th sixteenth
60th sixtieth 7th seventh
17th seventeen
70th
seventieth 8th eighth
18th eighteenth
80th eightieth 9th ninth
19th nineteenth
90th ninetieth 10th tenth
100th one-hundredth *21st
twenty-first
22nd
twenty-second …
所有的多位數(shù)變序數(shù)詞,只將個(gè)位變成序數(shù)詞即可。5.人稱代詞
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they 賓格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them 形物代
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their 名物代
mine
yours
his
her
its
ours
yours theirs 反身代詞myself
yourself
himself herself itself ourselves themselves 3.句子的種類:
陳述句:a.肯定句
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+…
b.否定句
一般疑問句:可以用Yes或No回答的疑問句。
陳述句變一般疑問句注意三點(diǎn):一調(diào)二改三問號(hào)
特殊疑問句:由疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)成的疑問句。
8w: what which who whose whom where why when
1h: how
How many…?
How old…?
How much…?
How often…? How far…?
How soon…?
yourselves
西安未央高新外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校 新初一預(yù)科講義第三講
1.必記詞匯:人稱代詞背誦 2.必會(huì)交際句型:
What’s your name? My name is ….Your name ,please? I’m ….Nice to meet you!
Nice to meet you,too!
What’s your phone number? My telephone number is ….3.句子的種類:
陳述句:a.肯定句
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+…
b.否定句
一般疑問句:可以用Yes或No回答的疑問句。
陳述句變一般疑問句注意三點(diǎn):一調(diào)二改三問號(hào)
特殊疑問句:由疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)成的疑問句。
疑問詞:8w1h
8w: what which who whose whom where why when
1h: how
How many…?
How old…?
How much…?
How often…? How far…?
How soon…?
How tall…?
How long…
西安未央高新外國(guó)語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校
新初一預(yù)科講義第一講
1.必記詞匯
where哪里 table桌子 bed床
dresser梳妝臺(tái) bookcase書柜 sofa沙發(fā) chair椅子 drawer抽屜 plant植物 know知道 bag包 math數(shù)學(xué) alarm鬧鐘 video錄像 hat帽子 take拿走 thing物品 can能夠 bring帶來 some一些 need需要 floor地板 room房間 TV=television電視 desk課桌
方位介詞:in在…里面 on在…上面 under在…下面
in front of在…前面 behind在…后面 between在…中間 next to在…旁邊
2.必記句型
1Where is+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞? ○It’s+方位介詞+地方.it’s=it is 2Where are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)? ○They’re +方位介詞+地方.they’re=they are 3I don’t know.○3.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化:
a.一般的名詞直接加s;pen--pens b.以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es;box--boxes c.以輔音加元音y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加es;fly--flies d.以f/fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f/fe為ve加s;knife--knives e.特殊變化。man—men
第四篇:中考冠詞、數(shù)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
培優(yōu)中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
歌曰:定冠詞用法有規(guī)律,防止遺志很容易。
冠詞是英語(yǔ)中最常見的一種限定詞,它在句子中不能充當(dāng)任何句子成分,所以也不能單獨(dú)使用,特指雙方都熟悉,上文已經(jīng)被提及。只能用在名詞前面,說明所指的人或物。冠詞共有兩種:不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞有a和an,世上無二僅獨(dú)一,序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)。定冠詞有the。在實(shí)際使用中,還有一種叫零冠詞的,即在名詞的前面不用任何冠詞。
山河海島建筑物,姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。
[焦點(diǎn)一]不定冠詞
少數(shù)形表人一類,方位名詞須牢記。1.用法
普構(gòu)專有慣用詞,試用此訣有效率。l)表示數(shù)量有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an
B.The;a C.The;the
D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a
C.the
D.× 2)指雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某個(gè)人或事物,但不具體說明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到過的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一類。4)用在世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every\per。6)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.
5)表示某一個(gè),相當(dāng)于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名詞前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫婦”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面,an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前面。另外,在表9)用在樂器名詞前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一個(gè)以輔音音素開頭的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)時(shí),字母前面用a;在表示一個(gè)以元音10)用在少數(shù)名詞化的形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素開頭的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)時(shí),字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名詞前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年濟(jì)南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a
B.an;a
C.the;the
D.×;a 13)用在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年廣西壯族自治區(qū))There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field
在田野里in the country
在鄉(xiāng)間in the sun
在陽(yáng)光下
A.the
B.×
C.a
D.an on the right
在右邊by the way
順便說一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime
白天
3)(2004年廣東?。?---Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert
去聽音樂會(huì) in the beginning
開始
at the moment
當(dāng)時(shí),此刻
----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round
一年到頭go to the cinema
去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲
A.the;an
B.an;the
C.a;×
D.the;a at the weekend
周末 in the afternoon
在下午in the sky
在空中in the dark 在暗處
3.用于某些固定詞組中。例如:half an apple 半個(gè)蘋果 in the rain 在雨中on the left
在左邊all the time
始終in the middle of 在中間
Two hours and a half
half an hour
半個(gè)小時(shí)as a result
因此
for a while
一會(huì)兒
once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同時(shí)in the end 終于 in a while
偶爾
for a moment 一會(huì)兒
have a word with sb.同某人談話
have a nice trip
on the one hand, on the other hand
一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快
have(/take)a walk
散步
make a face
做鬼臉
in a hurry
匆忙地
do sb.a [焦點(diǎn)三]不用冠詞的幾種情況:零冠詞的基本用法 favor
幫某人忙
take an active part in 積極參加
live a happy life
過幸福生活
歌曰:下列情況不用冠,名詞之前代詞限; give a lesson
教一堂課
once upon a time
從前
專有名詞不可數(shù),球類學(xué)科與三餐;
(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,節(jié)日月份星期前;
A.a B.an
C.the
D.×
顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名,稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。a useful book
一件有用的書
a university
一所大學(xué) 1)當(dāng)名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、a European country
一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家
a one-eyed man
一個(gè)一目失明的人 名詞所有格等修飾限定時(shí),不加冠詞 an hour
一小時(shí)
an honor 一種榮譽(yù) 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy
一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩
an umbrella
一把傘 an uncle
一位叔叔 2)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞等不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,water,music, etc.
[焦點(diǎn)二]定冠詞主要和名詞連用,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:
3)球類活動(dòng)、學(xué)科名詞、一日三餐前。4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示顏色、語(yǔ)言、稱呼語(yǔ)和官職、頭銜的名詞前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。
如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home
在家
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)in time 按時(shí)at work 在工作on show
在展出in trouble 處于困境 at first 起初at last
終于in fact
事實(shí)上on holiday
在度假on duty
值日 at times
有時(shí)候after class
課后at night
在夜間with pleasure
樂意地 8 某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飛機(jī)(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交車(=on a bus)by bike 騎自行車(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽車(=in a car)
on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千萬
有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:1)at table在吃飯;
at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;
in the class在班級(jí)中 3)go to school去上學(xué);go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;
go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在…的前面;
in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 發(fā)生,舉行 take one's place
代替某人(的工作)
7)on earth
究竟,到底(用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)on the earth
在地球上
8)four of them
他們當(dāng)中4人(不只4人)he four of them
他們4人(共計(jì)4人)9)next week(month)下周(下個(gè)月)(以現(xiàn)在看將來)
the next week(month)
第二周(下個(gè)月)(在過去某一時(shí)間之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里(不一定生?。?1)a number of 許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))
the number of ……的數(shù)量(修飾可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))13 兩個(gè)平行、并列的名詞前不用冠詞
例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side
肩并肩one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè)
hand in hand
手拉手
face to face
面對(duì)面
day by day 一天一天的day and night
日日夜夜
中考考點(diǎn)冠詞練習(xí)
舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!
1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an
B./
C.the
D.one 3.-Where is Tom?
-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a
B.a;a
C.an;a
D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a
B.a;an
C.a; the
D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the
C.the,/
D.the,the
8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a
C.the; a
D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?
-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing
B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play
D.playing the,playing
11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the
C.an,the
D.a,the
12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an
C.an,/
D.a,/ 練習(xí)與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績(jī)!
1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?
---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?
4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?
8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、數(shù)詞的分類 1.基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C.從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù)
個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上
從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”。從右開始,第一個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and
Horses every day.
每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸?/p>
G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十來歲時(shí)死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能
基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。
The two happily opened the box.兩個(gè)人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語(yǔ))I need three altogether.我總共需要三個(gè)。(作賓語(yǔ))
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。(作定語(yǔ))We are sixteen.我們是16個(gè)人。(作表語(yǔ))
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。(作同位語(yǔ))2.序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九
其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
有時(shí),序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能
序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
The second is what I really need.第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。(作主語(yǔ))He choose the second.他挑選了第二個(gè)。(作賓語(yǔ))
We are to carry out the first plan.我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。(作定語(yǔ))She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名。(作表語(yǔ))
注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再——”,“又——”。
We'll go over it a second time.我們得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?
另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、時(shí)刻表示法
1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí) five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半
a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻 seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分
3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí) ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)
在日常生活中,常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one 10:26讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five
注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì) the 1900's 二十世紀(jì) the 1600's 十七世紀(jì)
這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個(gè)世紀(jì)。2.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成
in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代
in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ)。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。
1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。
B.月份,在哪個(gè)月用介詞in加第一個(gè)字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡(jiǎn)便起見,月份與日期連用時(shí),月份常用縮寫形式表示??s寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個(gè)字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式的符號(hào)。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。National Day is on Oct.1.國(guó)慶節(jié)是十月一日。(讀作 October first)此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具體、不確切的時(shí)間,如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時(shí),用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語(yǔ),把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí),介詞in應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、定語(yǔ)從句等。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨,這個(gè)老人孤獨(dú)地死在自己的房子里。
I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我們將進(jìn)行一次小測(cè)驗(yàn)。
四、加減乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十減去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(動(dòng)詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.
Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示
16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。
五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?;鶖?shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。
10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數(shù)表示法
1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三
2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸
七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示 50% fifty percent
百分之五十 3% three percent
百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二
這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
八、數(shù)量表示法
1.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng) three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.這個(gè)盒子有兩千克重。
The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ)。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)
It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程?;颍簭奈业募亦l(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí)。
It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3.表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略。
You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(攝氏)
4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語(yǔ)中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。
It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.從圖書館到操場(chǎng)需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是個(gè)十六歲的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法。
This room is two times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年齡比他大兩倍。
第五篇:高中英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)
1.主語(yǔ)從句
1)主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置,如果從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又較短,可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”,一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,都用陳述語(yǔ)序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.賓語(yǔ)從句
1)賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that??墒÷?。介詞后一般接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。in that(因?yàn)?,except that(除了),but that(只是)已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來代替,而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上,賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中。表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導(dǎo)。that??墒÷浴H缰骶渲髡Z(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短,將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
*限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞??墒÷?。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things(whichthat)we have to put up with.3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Even in comic books where(=in which)there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which)he was so angry that day.5.定語(yǔ)從句
*非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介詞+whichwhomwhose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
“介詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語(yǔ))
6.狀語(yǔ)從句
*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no moment,immediately(that)等。
sooner...than,each(every)
time,the As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing)that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞(副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞)+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.