第一篇：市場營銷專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照表2

第2部分：

maintenance strategy 保持戰(zhàn)略 management overhead 管理費(fèi) mandatory adaptation 強(qiáng)制性適應(yīng) manufacturer brand 制造商/全國性品牌 manufacturers' agents/representatives 生產(chǎn)商的代理商/銷售代表

manufacturers' export agents(MEA)制造商出口代理

manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生產(chǎn)商的銷售辦事處/分支機(jī)構(gòu)

market aggregation strategy 整體市場戰(zhàn)略 market attractiveness factors 市場吸引力因素

market attractiveness 市場吸引力

market attractiveness/business position matrix 市場吸引力/業(yè)務(wù)地位矩陣 market circumstances 市場環(huán)境

market demorgraphics 市場人口分布/統(tǒng)計(jì)特征

market dimension 市場量度 market entry strategies 市場進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略 market exclusion 市場排斥

market expansion strategy 市場擴(kuò)張戰(zhàn)略 market factors 市場因素 market growth rate 市場增長率 market hirarchy 市場等級(jí) market inclusion 市場納入 market measurement 市場測量

market opportunity analysis 市場機(jī)會(huì)分析 market position factors 市場地位因素 market positioning analysis 市場定位分析 market potential measurements 市場潛力測度

market segment 細(xì)分市場 market segmentation 市場細(xì)分 market targeting 目標(biāo)市場選擇

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marketability 市場開拓能力 market-entry strategies 市場進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略 marketing action plan 營銷行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 marketing audit 營銷審計(jì) marketing channel 營銷渠道

marketing codes of conduct 營銷行為規(guī)范 marketing communication 營銷溝通/傳播 marketing concept 營銷觀念 marketing control 營銷控制

marketing decision support systems(MDSS)營銷決策支持系統(tǒng)

marketing environment audit 營銷環(huán)境審計(jì) marketing flows and functions 營銷過程和職能

marketing function area audit 營銷功能領(lǐng)域的 審計(jì)

marketing implications of 對(duì)營銷的影響 marketing information system 營銷信息系統(tǒng) marketing institutions 營銷機(jī)構(gòu) marketing management 營銷管理 marketing message 營銷信息 marketing mix 營銷組合 marketing policy 營銷策略

marketing productivity area audit 營銷生產(chǎn)力領(lǐng)域的審計(jì)

marketing program components 營銷計(jì)劃內(nèi)容

marketing program 營銷計(jì)劃/方案 marketing relationship 營銷關(guān)系 marketing research 營銷研究 marketing strategy 營銷戰(zhàn)略

market-management organizational structure 市場管理組織結(jié)構(gòu)

mark-up price 產(chǎn)品/溢價(jià)價(jià)格 Marlboro 萬寶路 Marriott Hotel 萬豪酒店 mass-market penetration strategy 大規(guī)模市場滲透戰(zhàn)略

mass-market strategy 大市場戰(zhàn)略 matrix organizational structure 矩陣組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Matsushita 日本松下電子

mature conformists 成熟的隨大流者 mature markets 成熟市場

mature stage of product life cycle 產(chǎn)品生命周期的成熟階段 McDonald's 麥當(dāng)勞

McDonnell Douglas 麥道公司 MCI電訊公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS(Marketing-Decision Support System)市場決策支持系統(tǒng) measurability 可測度性 measure or index 測量指標(biāo) measurement criteria 計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) media audiences 媒體受眾

medical and health services 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù) Medico Containment Services memory of consumers 消費(fèi)者記憶 Mercedes-Benz 梅賽德斯-奔馳

Mercer Management Consulting 美國美智管理顧問公司 merchandising 推銷

merchant middlemen 國內(nèi)貿(mào)易中間商 merchant wholesalers 商業(yè)批發(fā)商 message structure 信息結(jié)構(gòu) Michael Porter 邁克爾-波特 micro risks 微觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn) microsegmentatioin 微觀細(xì)分

Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案 minging 礦業(yè)

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing 2 / 10

Company(3M)明尼蘇達(dá)礦業(yè)和制造公司 Minolta 美能達(dá)

miscellaneous sources 多方面來源 mission 宗旨

missionary selling 推銷式銷售 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工 modified rebuy 調(diào)整再購

monosegment positioning 單一細(xì)分市場定位

Monsanto 孟山都農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)公司 moral appeals 倫理/道德訴求 morals 道德 Motorola 摩托羅拉

multichannel distribution 多渠道分銷 multidimensional scaling 多維等級(jí)法 multilevel selling 多級(jí)銷售

multinational coporations(MNCs)跨國公司 multiple test markets 多測試市場 multiple-brand strategy 多品牌戰(zhàn)略 multiple-factor index 多因素指數(shù)法 multisegment positioning 多重細(xì)分市場定位national account management 全國性客戶管理

national market 國內(nèi)市場

National Semiconductor 美國國家半導(dǎo)體公司

net sales 凈銷售額

network computer(NC)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī) new business selling 新業(yè)務(wù)銷售 new buy 購入新產(chǎn)品 new entrants 新進(jìn)入者

New Prod screening model 新普羅德篩選模型

new-product ideas 新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)意 Newsweek 《新聞周刊》

new-task buying 全新采購

new-to-the-world products 世界性新產(chǎn)品 niche penetration strategy 壁龕/機(jī)會(huì)市場滲透戰(zhàn)略

niche-market strategy 壁龕市場戰(zhàn)略 no-brand brand name 無品牌的品牌名稱 no-frills product 無虛飾產(chǎn)品

noise in communication system 傳播系統(tǒng)中的噪音

non-financial rewards 非物質(zhì)性獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施 non-probability sampling 非概率抽樣 non-store retailing 無店鋪零售業(yè) number of stockouts 遲滯數(shù)目 object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目標(biāo)-任務(wù)促銷預(yù)算法 objectives and strategy area audit 目標(biāo)與戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)域的審計(jì) objectives 具體目標(biāo) observation 觀察法

occupancy costs 房屋占用成本 occupation/position 職業(yè)/職位 odd pricing 奇/余數(shù)定價(jià)法 oeverall quality 總體質(zhì)量

off-invoice discounts 發(fā)票之外的折扣 offsets 抵消交易 on-air testing 廣播測試

OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)歐佩克（石油輸出國組織）opening relationships 建立關(guān)系 operating supplies 生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)品 operational excellence 運(yùn)作管理水平opinion leaders 意見領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 opportunity cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本 opportunity identification 機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別 opportunity/threat matrix 機(jī)會(huì)/威脅矩陣

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order cycle time 訂貨周期 order processing 訂單處理 organisational level 組織層次

organizaitonal requirement planning 組織需求計(jì)劃

organization area audit 組織領(lǐng)域的審計(jì) organization buying center 組織采購中心 organizational customer 組織顧客 organizational direct selling 組織直銷 organizational markets 組織市場 organizational purchasing 組織采購 organzational structure 組織結(jié)構(gòu) outdoor enthusiasts 戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者 out-of-home media 戶外廣告媒體 overall cost leadership 全面成本領(lǐng)先 overheads 日常開支

ownership of new product 新產(chǎn)品所有權(quán) panel of experts 專家小組 parentage 淵源

parties involved 交換中的各方 payment terms 支付條款 pay-off control 支出控制 penetration pricing 滲透定價(jià)

perceived customer value 顧客感知價(jià)值 perceived quality 感知到的質(zhì)量 perceived value 感知到的價(jià)值 percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 銷售額百分比促銷預(yù)算法 perceptions of consumers 消費(fèi)者感知/理解 perceptual(product)pisitioning 感知（產(chǎn)品）定位

perceptual map 感知圖

perceptual organization 感知組織 perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕 performance dimension 業(yè)績標(biāo)準(zhǔn) performance evaluation 業(yè)績?cè)u(píng)估 performance measures 表現(xiàn)/業(yè)績測度 performance objective 績效目標(biāo) performance standards 績效標(biāo)準(zhǔn) performance 功能 perishability 非持久性 personal selling 人員推銷 personal sources 個(gè)人的信息來源 personnel development 人力資源開發(fā) pharmaceuticals industry 醫(yī)藥行業(yè) physical(product)positioning 物理（產(chǎn)品）定位

physical descriptors 物理變量 physical distribution 實(shí)物分銷 Pillsbury 皮爾斯博瑞 place utility 地點(diǎn)效用

planning and control system area audit 計(jì)劃與控制系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的審計(jì)

point of sale information 銷售點(diǎn)信息 point-of-purhcase(POP)promotion 采購點(diǎn)促銷

point-of-sales(POS)data 銷售點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù) pontificator 保守派 popularity 通用性 population trends 人口趨勢

portfolio models for resource allocation 資源配置的資產(chǎn)組合模式

position intensity 地位集中程度 possession utility 擁有效用

post-purchase dissonance 購買后的不協(xié)調(diào) post-purchase evaluation 購買后評(píng)估 power in distribution 分銷權(quán)力 power of buyers 購買者能力 power of suppliers 供應(yīng)商能力 predatory pricing 掠奪性定價(jià)法

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pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺資源 preferential treatment 特惠待遇 premiums 額外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

present competitors 現(xiàn)有的競爭者 presenting sales message 提供銷售信息 pre-test market research 測試前市場研究 price discrimination 價(jià)格歧視

price elasticity of demand 需求的價(jià)格彈性 price fixing 價(jià)格設(shè)定 price leaders 價(jià)格領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 price lining 價(jià)格排列定價(jià)法 price/earnings ration 價(jià)格/收益比 price-off promotions 降價(jià)促銷 price-setting process 定價(jià)過程 pricing adjustments 定價(jià)調(diào)整 primary demand 基本需求 primary sources 第一類/主要數(shù)據(jù) print media 印刷媒體

private/for-profit organization 私營/盈利性組織

PRIZM(Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets)按郵政區(qū)劃為基礎(chǔ)的潛力等級(jí)指數(shù)

proactive new-product development strategy 進(jìn)取型新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略 probability sampling 概率抽樣 problem formulation 界定問題 problem identificatioin 確定問題 process management 過程管理 Procter & Gamble(P&G)寶潔公司 product availability 產(chǎn)品的可獲得性 product category 產(chǎn)品類別 product class 產(chǎn)品類別 product decisions 產(chǎn)品決策 product design 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì) product dimension or attributes 產(chǎn)品維度/屬性

product evolution 產(chǎn)品演變 product features 產(chǎn)品特征 product intent share 產(chǎn)品傾向份額 product leadership 產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力 product life cycle(PLC)產(chǎn)品生命周期 product life cycle curve 產(chǎn)品生命周期曲線 product manager audit 產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理審計(jì) product offering 供應(yīng)品

product organizaiton of salesforce 按產(chǎn)品組織銷售隊(duì)伍

product policies 產(chǎn)品策略 product scope 產(chǎn)品范圍 product space 產(chǎn)品位置 product systems 產(chǎn)品體系 product type 產(chǎn)品類型 product usage 產(chǎn)品用途

product(ion)-oriented organization 產(chǎn)品/生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)向型組織

product-line pricing adjustments 產(chǎn)品線定價(jià)調(diào)整

product-management organizational structure 產(chǎn)品管理組織結(jié)構(gòu)

product-market entry control 產(chǎn)品－市場進(jìn)入控制

product-related behavioral descriptors 與產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的行為變量

product's market characteristics 產(chǎn)品的市場特征

product-use testing 產(chǎn)品使用測試 pro-environment 環(huán)保

profit impact of market strategy(PIMS)市場戰(zhàn)略的利潤影響

profitability analysis 盈利性分析 profitability 盈利性/盈利能力

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profitable survivor strategy 有利可圖的生存者戰(zhàn)略

project-company resource compatibility 項(xiàng)目與公司資源的協(xié)調(diào)性

projected profit-and-loss statement 預(yù)計(jì)損益表

projective tests 投影測試 promotion decisions 促銷決策 promotion mix 促銷組合 promotion policies 促銷策略 promotional allowance 促銷折讓 promotional effort 促銷努力 promotional pricing 促銷定價(jià) promptness 及時(shí)性

propector strategy 探索型戰(zhàn)略 prospecting for customers 尋找顧客 psychographics 心理統(tǒng)計(jì)特征 psychological cost 心理成本 psychological pricing 心理定價(jià)法 public utilities 公共設(shè)施 publicity 公共宣傳

pull strategy for control of distribution channels 分銷渠道控制的拉式戰(zhàn)略 pupil dilation 瞳孔擴(kuò)張

purchase predisposition 購買傾向 purchasing agent 采購代理

purchasing power perity(PPP)購買力平價(jià)指數(shù)

push money/spiffs 傭金

push stragtegy for control of distribution channels 分銷渠道控制的推式戰(zhàn)略 qualifying prospects 審查潛在顧客資格 quality dimensions 質(zhì)量維度 quantity discount 數(shù)量折扣 question marks 問題類 questioning 詢問法 quotas 定額

R & D expenditure 研究開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略 race and ethnic origin 種族和民族 rack jobbers 供應(yīng)超級(jí)市場的批發(fā)商 rank ordering 排序 rate of adoption 采購率

rate-of-return/target return pricing 回報(bào)率/目標(biāo)回報(bào)定價(jià)法

rational appeals 理性訴求 rationale 基本原理

reactive and proactive responses 反應(yīng)及前攝策略

reactive new-product development strategy reactor strategy 反應(yīng)型戰(zhàn)略 rebates 回扣 recall tests 記憶測試 receiver 接收者 reciprocity 利益互惠

recognition of problem/need 發(fā)現(xiàn)問題/需求 recognition tests 認(rèn)知測試 recreation 娛樂業(yè)

recruitment and selection 招聘與選拔 recycling of packaging 包裝回收（利用）reference group 參照群體 referent power 參照權(quán) refocus 鞏固 refunds 退款

refusal to deal 拒絕經(jīng)營 regression analysis 回歸分析法 regulation 管制

related/concentric diversification 相關(guān)/同心多元化

relational VMSs 相關(guān)式垂直營銷系統(tǒng) relative attractiveness of declining markets 衰 6 / 10

退市場的相對(duì)吸引力

relative market potential 相對(duì)市場潛力 relative market share 相對(duì)市場份額 reliability 可靠性

repeat purchase behavior 重復(fù)購買行為 repetition 重復(fù)

repositionings 重新定位產(chǎn)品 requirements planning 需求計(jì)劃 reseller 中間商

resident buyers 常駐采購員

resource allocation/deployment 資源配置 response strategies 反應(yīng)策略 response to communication 傳播響應(yīng) responsive strategy 反應(yīng)型新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略 responsiveness 響應(yīng)性

retail coverage strategy 零售范圍戰(zhàn)略 Retail Index 零售指數(shù) retail sales 零售額

retailer co-operatives 零售商合作社 retailer 零售商

retailing trends 零售趨勢

Return on Equity(ROE)權(quán)益回報(bào)率 Return on Investment(ROI)投資回報(bào)率 Return on Net Assets(RONA)凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率

reverse engineering 反向工程 reward systems 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng) rivalry determinants 競爭決定因素 rivalry 競爭對(duì)手 roster 名冊(cè)

sales agents 銷售代理商

sales analysis by customer 顧客銷售分析 sales analysis by order size 訂貨規(guī)模的銷售分析

sales analysis by product 產(chǎn)品銷售分析 sales analysis by territory 區(qū)域銷售分析 sales forcasting 銷售預(yù)測 sales force estimates 銷售人員估計(jì) sales force size 銷售隊(duì)伍規(guī)模 sales force 銷售隊(duì)伍 sales forecasting 銷售預(yù)測 sales management 銷售管理 sales organization 銷售組織

sales personnel incentives 銷售人員激勵(lì) sales personnel 銷售人員 sales potential 銷售潛力 sales territory 銷售地區(qū) sales trends 銷售趨勢

sales/price reduction 銷售/價(jià)格下降 sample design 樣本設(shè)計(jì) sample size 樣本大小 sampling 抽樣 sampling 提供樣品 scale efficiency 規(guī)模效率 scaled measures 比例測度 scoring models 評(píng)判模型 screening of ideas 創(chuàng)意篩選 sealed bidding 招標(biāo)

secondary sources 第二類/次要數(shù)據(jù) second-but-better new-product development strategy 后者居上型新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略 security 證券業(yè)

segmentation and targeting 細(xì)分與目標(biāo)選擇 segmentation criteria 細(xì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) segmentation descriptors 市場細(xì)分變量 selective demand 選擇性需求 selective distribution 選擇分銷 selective exposure 選擇性接觸 selective perception 選擇性感知/理解 selective retention 選擇性保留

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self-employed person 獨(dú)立經(jīng)營的個(gè)人 self-managing teams 自我管理團(tuán)隊(duì) self-oriented 自我導(dǎo)向型 selling groups 銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)

selling proposition 銷售計(jì)劃/提議 selling 推銷/銷售

service guarantees 服務(wù)保證 serviceability 服務(wù)能力 serviceability 適用性 services channels 服務(wù)渠道 servicing products 服務(wù)產(chǎn)品 servicing the account 客戶服務(wù) setting quotas 確定定額 shake-out stage 動(dòng)蕩階段

shared programs/facilities 分享計(jì)劃/設(shè)備 share-growth strategies for followers 追隨者的市場份額增長戰(zhàn)略 shareholder value 股東價(jià)值 share-maintenance 份額保持 Sherman Act, USA 美國謝爾曼法案 signal vehicle/carrier 信號(hào)載體 simulated test marketing 模擬市場測試 single-factor index 單因素指數(shù)法 single-line mass-merchandiser stores 單一類型產(chǎn)品專營連鎖店

skimming and early withdrawal 撇脂與盡早撤離戰(zhàn)略

skimming pricing 撇脂定價(jià)法

sleepwalker/contented underachievers 夢游者/很容易滿足的人

slotting allowance 安置津貼 social acceptability 社會(huì)可接受性 social class 社會(huì)階層 social objectives 社會(huì)目標(biāo)

sociocultural environment 社會(huì)文化環(huán)境 soft goods 非耐用品 soft technology 軟技術(shù)

sole ownership entry strategy 獨(dú)享所有權(quán)的進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略

source credibility 信息來源的可信度 source 廣告信息來源

sources of new-product ideas 新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)意來源

speciality goods 特殊品 speciality retailers 專營零售商 speciality stores 專營商店 specialization 專門化

Standard Industrial Classification(SIC)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工業(yè)分類代碼

standardization strategy 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化戰(zhàn)略 standby positioning 備用定位 staple goods 日常用品

statement of job qualifications 工作要求說明stock levels 庫存水平

stockless purchase arrangement 無存貨采購計(jì)劃

store brands 零售商品牌

straight commission compensation plan 純傭金制薪酬方案

straight rebuy 直接再購

straight salary compensation plan 純薪金制薪酬方案

strategic control 戰(zhàn)略控制 strategic fit 戰(zhàn)略協(xié)調(diào)性 strategic group 戰(zhàn)略組 strategic inertia 戰(zhàn)略慣性 strategic intent/objective 戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo) strategic marketing program 戰(zhàn)略營銷計(jì)劃 strategic pricing objectives 戰(zhàn)略定價(jià)目標(biāo) strategic withdrawal 戰(zhàn)略撤退

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strategy constraints 戰(zhàn)略影響因素 strategy formulation and implementation 戰(zhàn)略制定和實(shí)施

strategy implementation 戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施 strategy reassessment 戰(zhàn)略重估 subculture 亞文化 subfactor 次級(jí)因素 substitute goods 替代品

substitution threat 替代產(chǎn)品的威脅 Sumitomo 住友商事

Sun Microsystems 太陽微系統(tǒng) supplementary media 輔助性廣告媒體 suppliers' bargaining power 供應(yīng)商的討價(jià)還價(jià)能力

surrogate products 替代產(chǎn)品 survival pricing 生存定價(jià)法

sustainable competitive advantage 可持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢

sweepstakes 彩票抽獎(jiǎng) switching cost 轉(zhuǎn)換成本 synergy 協(xié)同作用 tabulation 制表 tangibility 有形性 target audience 目標(biāo)受眾

target level of product quality 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) target or hurdle level 目標(biāo)或難度水平target return price 目標(biāo)回報(bào)價(jià)格 targeting strategy 目標(biāo)市場選擇戰(zhàn)略 targeting 目標(biāo)市場選擇 team selling 團(tuán)隊(duì)銷售 technical selling 技術(shù)銷售

television audience measurement 電視觀眾測量

television home shopping 電視家庭購物 territorial restrictions 地區(qū)限制

territories 區(qū)域

territory design and deployment 區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)及部署

territory inventory 地區(qū)存貨 test marketing 市場測試 testing new product 測試新產(chǎn)品

the American Association for Public Opinion Research 美國公共意見研究協(xié)會(huì) the Council of American Survey Research Organization 美國調(diào)查研究組織委員會(huì) the Fishbein Model 菲什賓模型

the Marketing Research Association 營銷研究協(xié)會(huì)

theatre tests 現(xiàn)場測試

threat of new entrants 新進(jìn)入者的威脅 three order-hierarchy models 三階段層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)模型

time frame 時(shí)間框架/要求 time pricing 時(shí)間定價(jià) time utility 時(shí)間效用 Timex 天美時(shí) title 所有權(quán) total cost 總成本

total quality managemnt(TQM)全面質(zhì)量管理

Toys 'R' Us 美國著名玩具零售商 tracking and monitoring 跟蹤與監(jiān)控 trade promotion 貿(mào)易促銷 trade selling 貿(mào)易銷售

trade/functional discounts 貿(mào)易/職能折扣 trade-in allowance 以舊換新折讓 transactiional efficiency 交易效率 transaction cost analysis(TCA)交易成本分析

turnkey construction contract 監(jiān)督建筑契約

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turnover 人員流動(dòng)

two-sided presentations 雙向信息陳述 tying contracts 附帶條件的合同 types of adverstising 廣告種類 types of brand 品牌種類 types of costs 成本種類

ultimate customers/end users 最終顧客/用戶 underlying dimension 基本組成要素 uniform delivered pricing 統(tǒng)一運(yùn)費(fèi)定價(jià)法 Union Pacific Railroad 聯(lián)合太平洋鐵路 unit sales 單位產(chǎn)品銷售額

unitary price elasticity 單位需求價(jià)格彈性 Universal Product Code(UPC)統(tǒng)一商品編碼

universe（樣本）總體

unrelated/conglomerate diversification 復(fù)合多元化

unsought goods 非渴求產(chǎn)品 usage 用途 use tests 使用測試

utility/price relationship 效用/價(jià)格關(guān)系 VALS2 價(jià)值與生活方式體系2 value-based planning 價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)計(jì)劃 variability 變化性 variable costs 可變成本 variable incentive 可變激勵(lì)措施 VCR(video cassette recorder)錄像機(jī) vending sales 自動(dòng)售貨業(yè)

vending-machine operators 自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)經(jīng)營商

vendor analysis 供應(yīng)商分析 vertical integration 垂直/縱向一體化 vertical marketing systems(VMS)垂直營銷系統(tǒng) want 欲求 warranty 質(zhì)量保證 wholesale clubs 批發(fā)俱樂部

wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains 批發(fā)商發(fā)起的自愿連鎖

wholesaling trends 批發(fā)趨勢 win-back program 贏回（顧客）方案 working capital investment 周轉(zhuǎn)資金投入 workload approach 計(jì)算工作量方法 zero defect 零缺陷 zone pricing 分區(qū)定價(jià)法

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第二篇：中國商標(biāo)法專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照表

商標(biāo)法專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照表

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.全國人大常委會(huì)第三十次會(huì)議

the 30th Session of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress 商標(biāo)注冊(cè) trademark registration 商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的審查和核準(zhǔn) examination and approval of trademark registration 注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的續(xù)展、轉(zhuǎn)讓和使用許可 renewal, assignment and licensing of registered trademarks 注冊(cè)商標(biāo)爭議的裁定 the determination of disputes concerning registered trademarks 商標(biāo)使用的管理 the administration of the use of the trademarks 注冊(cè)商標(biāo)專用權(quán)的保護(hù) the protection of the Right to Exclusive Use of a registered trademark 總則 general provisions 附則 supplementary provisions 10.生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營者 the producers and operators 11.社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì) the Socialist market economy 12.國務(wù)院工商行政管理部門商標(biāo)局 the Trademark Office of the administrative department for industry and commerce under the State Council 13.商標(biāo)評(píng)審委員會(huì) the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board 14.商品商標(biāo) the commodity trademark 服務(wù)商標(biāo) the service trademark 集體商標(biāo) the collective trademark

證明商標(biāo) the certification trademark 15.商標(biāo)注冊(cè)人享有商標(biāo)專用權(quán)，受法律保護(hù) the trademark registrants shall be entitled to the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and protected by law.16.(重復(fù)前面提到的)該組織

the said organization 17.監(jiān)督能力 the supervising power 18.限期提出答辯 to reply within the specified period 19.該組織以外的單位或者個(gè)人 the units and individuals apart from the said organizations 20.自然人、法人或者其他組織對(duì)其生產(chǎn)、制造、加工、揀選或者經(jīng)銷的商品，需要取得商標(biāo)專用權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向商標(biāo)局申請(qǐng)商品商標(biāo)注冊(cè)。Any natural person, legal person and other organization that needs to acquire the right to exclusive use of the trademark for the commodities it produces, manufactures, processes, selects or markets shall file an application for commodity trademark registration with the Trademark Office.21.適用于…,對(duì)….有適用性

be applicable to 22.共同享有和行使該商標(biāo)專用權(quán) to enjoy and exercise the right to exclusive use of their trademark jointly 23.關(guān)于、至于 with respect to / in respect of 24.國家規(guī)定必須使用注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的商品 the commodities that the State has designated as requiring the use of a registered trademark

25.各級(jí)工商行政管理部門 the administrative departments for industry and commerce at all levels 26.欺騙消費(fèi)者的行為 practices that deceives the customers 27.有顯著特征，便于識(shí)別 have distinctive characteristics easy to identify 28.中央國家機(jī)關(guān) the central government agencies 29.標(biāo)志性建筑物 the symbol buildings 30.與…相同或相近的be identical with or similar to …

31.不易誤導(dǎo)公眾的商標(biāo) trademarks unlikely to mislead the public 32.帶有民族歧視性的 trademarks having the nature of discrimination against any nationality

33.夸大宣傳并帶有欺騙性的商標(biāo) trademarks that constituting exaggerated advertising and are deceitful 34.有害于社會(huì)主義道德風(fēng)尚或者有其他不良影響的商標(biāo) trademarks detrimental to socialist morality and 1 customs, or having other harmful influences 35.縣級(jí)以上行政區(qū)劃 the administrative districts at the level of county or above 36.馳名商標(biāo) the well-known trademark 37.委托人/被代理人

the principal 38.被代表人

the represented 39.提出異議 raise an opposition 40.已經(jīng)善意取得注冊(cè)的繼續(xù)有效 trademarks that have been registered in good faith shall continue to be valid 41.人文因素 human cultural factors 42.對(duì)等原則 the principle of reciprocity 43.一國和中華人民共和國簽訂的協(xié)議或者共同參加的國際條約 any agreement concluded between a foreign country and PRC, or any international treaty to which both countries are parties 44.委托國家認(rèn)可的具有商標(biāo)代理資格的組織代理 to entrust an organization certified by the Chinese Government as having the qualification for trademark agency to act on its behalf 45.商品類別和商品名稱 the class and the designation of the commodities 46.變更申請(qǐng) an application to make the change 47.相互承認(rèn)優(yōu)先權(quán)的原則 the principle of mutual acknowledgement of the right of priority 48.書面聲明 a written declaration 49.中國政府主辦的或者承認(rèn)的國際展覽會(huì) any international exhibition sponsored or acknowledged by the Chinese Government 50.符合…，與…一致

in conformity with

51.初步審定 make a preliminary examination and approval of sth.52.予以公告

publicly announce sth.53.向人民法院起訴 file an action to the people’s court / bring a suit before a people’s court/ to institute legal proceedings in people’s court 54.控告某人 to bring an action against sb.55.做出裁定 make a ruling 56.生效 to take effect 57.異議成立 the opposition is upheld [uphold 維持，批準(zhǔn) e.g.: The judge upheld the lower court's decision.] 58.公告期滿 the period of public announcement expires 59.通知當(dāng)事人 to notify the parties 60.注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的有效期為十年，自核準(zhǔn)注冊(cè)之日起計(jì)算 the period of validity of a registered trademark shall be 10 years, counted from the day the registration is approved.61.轉(zhuǎn)讓人 the assignors 受讓人 the assignees 62.授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn) to authorize 許可人 the licensors 被許可人the licensees 63.商標(biāo)使用許可合同應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)商標(biāo)局備案 the trademark licensing contract shall be submitted to the Trademark Office for the archivist purpose.64.不正當(dāng)手段 the illicit means 65.對(duì)惡意注冊(cè)的，馳名商標(biāo)所有人不受五年的時(shí)間限制 the owner of a well-known trademark shall not be subject to the limit of 5 years to request the revocation of bad-faith registration.66.限期提出答辯 to reply within the specified period 67.商標(biāo)裁定程序 the trademark ruling proceedings 68.責(zé)令限期改正 to order rectification of the situation within a specified period 69.自行…的（未經(jīng)允許的…）without authorization 2 70.連續(xù)三年 three consecutive years 71.粗制濫造，以次充好的商品 crudely manufactured commodities that are passed off as being of high quality 72.予以通報(bào)或者處以罰款 to circulate a notice on the matter or impose a fine 73.冒充注冊(cè)商標(biāo) to falsely represent a trademark as being a registered one 74.遵守規(guī)定，履行決定

to comply with a decision 75.強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行 a compulsory enforcement of(the decision)76.侵犯注冊(cè)商標(biāo)專用權(quán) be an infringement upon the right to exclusive use / infringe upon the right to exclusive use 77.侵權(quán)行為成立 an infringement is constituted 78.沒收、銷毀侵權(quán)商品 to confiscate and destroy the infringing commodities 79.《中華人民共和國行政訴訟法》the Administrative Procedure Law of the PRC 80.《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》the Civil Procedure Law of the PRC 81.就賠償數(shù)額進(jìn)行調(diào)解 to conduct mediation over the amount of compensation for sth.82.有權(quán)依法查處 to have the right to investigate into and punish the acts…

83.涉嫌犯罪的行為，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)移送司法機(jī)關(guān)依法處理 if a crime is suspected to be constituted, the case shall be promptly transferred to the judicial departments for handling according to law.84.違法嫌疑證據(jù)或者舉報(bào) the evidence for suspicion of illegal acts or the report made by other people 85.行使下列職權(quán)

to exercise the following powers 86.調(diào)查有關(guān)情況 to investigate the information relating to …

87.查閱有關(guān)的合同、發(fā)票、賬簿以及其他有關(guān)資料 to consult the contracts, vouchers, account books and other relevant materials 88.實(shí)施現(xiàn)場檢查 to conduct on-spot examination 89.查封或者扣押 to seal up or seize the relevant articles 90.通過…所獲得的利益 the proceeds obtained from … 91.由于…所受到的損失

the losses suffered by …

92.根據(jù)侵權(quán)行為的情節(jié) according to the circumstances of the infringing acts 93.承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任 to bear the liability for compensation 94.難以彌補(bǔ)的損害 irreparable damages 95.財(cái)產(chǎn)查封 attachment of property 96.責(zé)令停止有關(guān)行為和財(cái)產(chǎn)保全的措施 an order of the measures for stopping relevant acts and for attachment 97.保全證據(jù) to preserve the evidence

98.裁定立即開始執(zhí)行 the ruling shall be executed immediately 99.提供擔(dān)保 to provide security 100.駁回申請(qǐng) to reject the application 101.解除保全措施 discharge the measures for preservation 102.依法追究刑事責(zé)任 to investigate into for the criminal responsibilities according to law 103.國家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員必須秉公執(zhí)法，廉潔自律，忠于職守，文明服務(wù) the functionaries of state organs must handle the cases justly, be incorruptible and self-disciplined, be devoted to their duties and serve in a courteous and honest way 104.從事…活動(dòng) to undertake the activities of …

105.建立健全內(nèi)部監(jiān)督制度 to establish and improve the internal supervision system 106.玩忽職守 to neglect one’s duties 濫用職權(quán) to abuse one’s powers 徇私舞弊 to practice favoritism / to engage in malpractice for personal gain 3 107.牟取不正當(dāng)利益 to seek improper profits 108.給予行政處分 give sb.administrative punishment 109.生效，（法律、法規(guī)）施行 go into effect / enter into force 110.同時(shí)廢止 to be repealed simultaneously 111.公布法律條例 to promulgate a law / regulation 112.《中華人民共和國商標(biāo)法》the Trademark Law of the PRC

第三篇：數(shù)學(xué)中英文詞匯對(duì)照表

集合 set

非負(fù)整數(shù)集the set of all non-negative integers 自然數(shù)集 the set of all natural numbers 整數(shù)集 the set of all positive integers 有理數(shù)集 the set of all rational numbers 實(shí)數(shù)集 the set of all real numbers 元素 element 屬于 belong to

不屬于 not belong to 有限集 finite set 無限集 infinite set 空集 empty set 包含 inclusion ,include 包含于 lie in 子集 subset 真子集 proper subset 補(bǔ)集（余集）complementary set 全集 universe 交集 intersection 偶數(shù)集 the set of all even numbers 奇數(shù)集 the set of all odd numbers 含絕對(duì)值的不等式 inequality with absolute value 一元二次不等式 one-variable quadratic inequality 邏輯 logic 邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞 logical connective 或 or 且 and 非 not 真 true 假 false 真值表 truth table 原命題 original proposition 逆命題 converse proposition 否命題 negative proposition 逆否命題 converse-negative proposition 充分條件 sufficient condition 必要條件 necessary condition ……的充要條件是……

…if and only if… 函數(shù) function 自變量 argument 定義域domain 值域 range 區(qū)間 interval 閉區(qū)間 closed interval 開區(qū)間open interval 函數(shù)的圖像 graph of function 映射mapping 象 image 原象 inverse image 單調(diào)monotone 增函數(shù) increasing function 減函數(shù) decreasing function 單調(diào)區(qū)間 monotone interval 反函數(shù) inverse function 指數(shù) exponent N次方根 nth root 根式 radical 根指數(shù) radical exponent 被開方數(shù) radicand 指數(shù)函數(shù) exponential function 對(duì)數(shù)logarithm 常用對(duì)數(shù)common logarithm 自然對(duì)數(shù)natural logarithm 對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù) logarithmic function 數(shù)列 sequence of number 項(xiàng) term 通項(xiàng)公式 the formula of general term 有窮數(shù)列 finite sequence of number 無窮數(shù)列 infinite sequence of number 遞推公式 recurrence formula 等差數(shù)列 arithmetic progression 公差arithmetic series 等差中項(xiàng)common difference 等比中項(xiàng) arithmetic mean 等比數(shù)列 geometric progression, geometric series 公比 common ratio 等比中項(xiàng) geometric mean 三角函數(shù) trigonometric function 始邊 initial side 終邊 terminal side 正角 positive angle 負(fù)角 negative angle 零角zero angel 象限角 quadrant angle 弧度radian 弧度制 radian measure 角度制 degree measure 正弦sine 余弦cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 誘導(dǎo)公式 induction formula 正弦曲線sine curve 余弦曲線cosine curve 最大值maximum 最小值minimum 周期 period 最小正周期minimal positive period 周期函數(shù) periodic function 振幅 amplitude of vibration 頻率frequency 相位 phase 初相 initial phase 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切arc tangent 有向線段directed line segment 向量 vector

零向量 zero vector 單位向量 unit vector 平行向量 parallel vectors 相等向量 equal vectors 共線向量 collinear vectors 實(shí)數(shù)與向量的積 multiplication of vector by scalar 基底 base 數(shù)量積 translation 正弦定理 inner product 余弦定理 sine theorem 算術(shù)平均數(shù) arithmetic mean 幾何平均數(shù) method of compare 比較法 method of compare 綜合法 method of synthesis 分析法 method of analysis 傾斜角 gradient 斜率 point slope form 點(diǎn)斜式 gradient intercept form 截距 general form 斜截式 included angle 兩點(diǎn)式 two-point form 一般式 general form 夾角included angle 線性規(guī)劃 linear programming 約束條件 constraint condition 目標(biāo)函數(shù) objective function 可行域 feasible region 最優(yōu)解 optimal solution 曲線 curve 坐標(biāo)法 method of coordinate 解析幾何 analytic geometry 笛卡兒 Descartes 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程 standard equation 一般方程 general equation 參數(shù)方程 parameter equation 參數(shù) parameter 圓錐曲線 point conic 橢圓 ellipse 焦點(diǎn) focus, focal points 焦距 focal length 長軸 major axis 短軸 minor axis 離心率 eccentricity 雙曲線

hyperbola 實(shí)軸 real axis 虛軸 imaginary axis 漸近線 asymptote 拋物線

parabola 準(zhǔn)線 directrix 直線 line平面 plane 幾何體 geometric solid平面圖形 plane figure 立體圖形 slid figure 相交直線 intersecting lines平行直線 parallel lines 異面直線 skew lines 垂線 perpendicular line 垂足 foot of a oblique line 垂線段 perpendicular line segment 公垂線 common perpendicular line 公垂線段 common perpendicular segment 垂面 perpendicular plane 射影 projection 斜線 oblique line 斜足foot of a oblique line 斜線段 oblique line segment 半平面 semi-plane 二面角 dihedral angle平面角 plane angle 直二面角 right dihedral angle 棱柱 prism 底面base 頂點(diǎn) vertex 面 face 棱 edge 側(cè)面 lateral face 側(cè)棱 lateral edge 斜棱柱 oblique prism 直棱柱 right prism 正棱柱 regular prism平行六面體 parallelepiped 長方體 rectangular prism 正方體 cube 棱錐pyramid 正棱錐 regular pyramid 多面體 polyhedron 凸多面體 convex polyhedron 正多面體 regular polyhedron 簡單多面體 simple polyhedron 球 solid sphere, spheroid 球心 center of a solid sphere 球面 sphere 分類計(jì)數(shù)原理 classified enumeration principle 分步計(jì)數(shù)原理 fractional enumeration principle 排列 arrangement, permutation 排列數(shù) number of arrangements 全排列 total arrangement 階乘 factorial 組合 combination 組合數(shù) number of combination 二項(xiàng)式定理 binomial theorem 二項(xiàng)式系數(shù) binomial coefficient 二項(xiàng)式展開式 binomial expansion 必然事件 certain event 不可能事件 impossible event 隨機(jī)事件 random event 試驗(yàn) trial 頻率 frequency 等可能事件 equiprobability event 基本事件 elementary event 概率 probability 互斥事件 exclusive events 對(duì)立事件 complementary events

相互獨(dú)立事件 mutually independent events 獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn) independent repeated trials 概率 probability 統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics 隨機(jī)變量 random variable 離散型隨機(jī)變量discrete random variable 概率分布 probability distribution 分布列 distribution series 數(shù)學(xué)期望 mathematical expectation 方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 standard deviation 抽樣方法 sampling method 簡單隨機(jī)抽樣 simple random sampling 系統(tǒng)抽樣 systematic sampling 總體分布 population sampling 估計(jì) estimation 正態(tài)分布 normal distribution 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布 standard normal distribution 線性回歸 linear regression 相關(guān) correlation 回歸分析 regression analysis 散點(diǎn)圖 scatter diagram 回歸直線 regression straight line 線性回歸分析 liner regression analysis 相關(guān)系數(shù) correlation coefficient 假設(shè)檢驗(yàn) hypothesis testing 歸納法 induction 數(shù)學(xué)歸納法 mathematical induction 完全歸納法 complete induction 不完全歸納法 incomplete induction 極限 limit 無窮大 infinitely great 無窮等比數(shù)列 infinite geometric sequence 左極限 left limit 右極限 right limit 連續(xù)（的）continuous 連續(xù)函數(shù) continuous function 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 可導(dǎo)的 differentiable 變化率rate of change 導(dǎo)函數(shù)derived function 復(fù)合函數(shù) composite function 極大值 maximum value 極小值 minimum value 極值 extreme value 虛數(shù)單位 imaginary unit 復(fù)數(shù) complex number 復(fù)數(shù)集 set of complex numbers 虛數(shù)imaginary number 純虛數(shù) purely imaginary number 復(fù)數(shù)的代數(shù)形式 algebraic form of complex number 實(shí)部 real part 虛部 imaginary part 復(fù)平面 complex plane 實(shí)軸 real axis 虛軸 imaginary axis 模 modulus 輻角 argument 復(fù)數(shù)的三角形式 trigonometric form of complex number 棣莫弗公式 De Moivre’s Formula 分式

fraction 通分

changing fractions to a common denominator 約分 reduction of a fraction 分式方程 fractional equation 反比例函數(shù) inverse proportional function 雙曲線 hyperbola 定理 theorem平行四邊形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 菱形 rhombus 正方形 square 梯形 trapezium 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezium 重心 barycenter 加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average 權(quán) weight 中位數(shù) median 眾數(shù) mode 極差 range 方差 variance平面圖形 plane figure 展開圖 net 體 solid 面 surface 線 line 點(diǎn) point 相交 intersection 交點(diǎn) point of intersection 中點(diǎn) center 距離 distance 角 angle 度 degree 角的平分線 angular bisector 余角 complementary angle 補(bǔ)角補(bǔ)角 supplementary angle

第四篇：鐵路專業(yè)部分常用詞匯中英文對(duì)照表

鐵路專業(yè)部分常用詞匯中英文對(duì)照

一、職務(wù)名詞

1.路局

MD(Managing Director): 總局長

DMD(Deputy Managing Director): 副總局長 CS（Corporate Secretary）: 公司秘書

MPCA（Manager Planning and Corporate Affairs）: 企劃部經(jīng)理 CME(Chief Mechanical Engineer)：機(jī)輛總工 CCE（Chief Civil Engineer）：工務(wù)總工 FM(Finance Manager)：財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理 MM（Marketing Manager）：市場經(jīng)理 TM（Traffic Manager）：運(yùn)輸經(jīng)理 SM（Supplies Manager）：物資經(jīng)理 SM（Safety Manager）：安全經(jīng)理 HRM（Human Resources Manager）：人事經(jīng)理 HPR（Head Public Relations）：公關(guān)部主管 HIT（Head Information Technology）：信息部主管 CIA（Chief Internal Auditor）：內(nèi)審主管 Chief Pension Officer：退休金主管 Chief Controller ：調(diào)度長 2.分局、站段及工廠

RGM(Regional General Manager): 分局總經(jīng)理 RME（Regional Mechanical Engineer）：分局機(jī)輛總工 RCE（Regional Civil Engineer）：分局工務(wù)總工 S&T(Signaling & Telecommunication)Engineer: 電務(wù)（信號(hào)與通信）工程師 Head Commercial ：商業(yè)主管

Head Human Resources ：人事主管 Chief Administration Officer：行政主管 Area Manager：區(qū)域經(jīng)理

WM（Workshop Manager）: 工廠經(jīng)理 SM（Station Master）：站長

Senior Passenger Officer ：客運(yùn)主管

DPC（District Police Commander）: 地區(qū)警察指揮官

二、部門和組織名詞或慣稱 Head Office ：路局或總部

CRET（Chinese Railway Expert Team）：中國鐵路專家協(xié)調(diào)組 Regional Office：分局 Area Office：區(qū)域辦事處 Workshop：工廠

CSP(concrete Sleeper Plant)：軌枕廠 Quarry ：采石場

TTC（TAZARA Training Center）：坦贊鐵路局培訓(xùn)中心 Locomotive Depot：機(jī)務(wù)段 Rolling Stock Depot：車輛段 Marshalling Yard：編組場 Construction Unit：房建隊(duì) Board of Directors:董事會(huì) Board Committee：董事會(huì)委員會(huì)

Committee meeting： 委員會(huì)會(huì)議或預(yù)備會(huì) Council of Ministers: 部長理事會(huì) Union：工會(huì)

三、設(shè)備名稱 1.機(jī)車 Locomotive Mainline/shunting locomotive: 干線/調(diào)車 機(jī)車 DFH Locomotive：東方紅機(jī)車 Diesel Engine：柴油機(jī) Traction Motor：牽引電機(jī) Wheel set：輪對(duì) Bogie：轉(zhuǎn)向架

Running Part：走行部 Axle: 車軸 Coupler：車鉤 Valve：閥 Bearing: 軸承 Brake shoe：閘瓦 Cow Catcher：排障器 Vacuum horse：真空軟管 Air pipe：風(fēng)管

Control system：控制系統(tǒng) Battery：蓄電池

DE（Diesel Electric）：柴油電傳 DH（Diesel Hydraulic）：柴油液傳 Driver’s Cab：駕駛室 Crank Shaft：曲軸

Locomotive failure：機(jī)故 2.Wagon：貨車

DSO（Down Side Open wagon）: 低幫車

CDSO(Container Down Side Open wagon): 低幫集裝箱貨車 HSO(High Side Open):高幫車 Co(Covered wagon)：棚車 F(Flat wagon)：平板車

FT(Flat Tank wagon)：平板罐車 JTW(Jumbo Tank wagon)：大型罐車 CF(Container Flat wagon)：集裝箱平車 WW(Well Wagon)：井型車 BV(Brake Van)：守車

LS(Livestock wagon)：牲畜車 B(Ballast wagon)：石渣車

R(Refrigeration wagon)：冷藏車 3.Coach：客車

1st Class Coach：一等車廂（軟臥）2nd Class Coach：二等車廂（硬臥）3rd Class Coach：三等車廂（硬座）MD’s Coach: 總局長專用車 Super Seat：軟座車廂 Dining/buffet Car：餐車 Lounge Car：酒吧車 Luggage Van：行李車 4.其它設(shè)備 Gantry crane：龍門吊 Trolley：軌道車 Reversing Gear：換向機(jī)構(gòu) Rescue crane：救援吊車

Re-railing Equipment：復(fù)救設(shè)備 Forklift：叉車

Mobile crane：汽車吊 Air compressor：空壓機(jī) Mono block：輪餅 Coupler knuckle：鉤舌 Wooden sleeper：木枕

Concrete sleeper：混凝土軌枕 Bridge sleeper：橋枕 Turnout：道岔

Semaphore signal：臂板信號(hào)機(jī) Interlocking equipment: 聯(lián)鎖設(shè)備

Semi-automatic block system：半自動(dòng)閉塞 Head Crane：橋式吊車 Drop Table：落車臺(tái)

Flaw detection machine：探傷儀 Triple valve：三通閥 Generator：發(fā)電機(jī) Shop ：車間

Second crusher：二級(jí)破碎機(jī)

四、運(yùn)輸詞匯

Financial year：財(cái)政 Passenger train：客車 Freight train: 貨車

Commuter train：通勤車 Up train:上行列車 Down train：下行列車 Fuel：燃油

Locomotive routing：機(jī)車交路

Locomotive availability：機(jī)車完好率 Timetable：時(shí)刻表 Arrival time：抵達(dá)時(shí)間 Departure time：出發(fā)時(shí)間 Freight traffic：貨運(yùn)量

Passenger ridership： 客運(yùn)量 Parcel：行包

tonne-km：噸公里

turnaround time：周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間 punctuality：正點(diǎn)率 interchange：過軌

level crossing：平交道口 good shed：貨場 weighbridge：軌道衡 copper：銅 manganese：錳 coal：煤

fertilizer：化肥 timber：木材 maize：玉米

wheat flour：面粉 molasses：糖稀 container：集裝箱 sulphur：硫磺

general cargo：雜貨 accident：事故 derail：脫軌 capsize：傾覆

五、其它專有名詞或短語

Ministry of transport: 交通部 Immigration office：移民局 Exemption: 豁免證/工作許可 PS（Permanent Secretary）：常秘 cemetery：公墓 Protocol：議定書

Concession：特許經(jīng)營

Concessionaire：特許經(jīng)營者/特許經(jīng)營單位 Manpower position：員工人數(shù) Clearance：清關(guān)

Shipping documents：海運(yùn)文件 Bill of Lading: 提貨單 Packing List：裝箱單 Insurance：保險(xiǎn)

Commercial Invoice： 商務(wù)發(fā)票 Production meeting：生產(chǎn)交班會(huì) minutes：會(huì)議記錄

MOU（Memorandum of Understanding）：諒解備忘錄 Invitation letter：邀請(qǐng)函

Motor vehicle license: 機(jī)動(dòng)車輛證/上路許可 financial statement：財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 quarter：季度 Turnover：營業(yè)額 Revenue： 收入 Expenditure：支出 Pension：退休金 Rates: 費(fèi)率

Freight tariff: 貨運(yùn)價(jià)格 Passenger fare：客車票價(jià) Permanent way：工務(wù)線路

speed restricted area：限速地段 land slide: 滑坡

tamping machine：搗固機(jī)

light/heavy motor trolley: 輕型/重型軌道車 ballast：道砟 curve: 曲線 culvert：涵洞 tunnel：隧道 gradient: 坡度 gauge：軌距/限界

motive power：動(dòng)力（設(shè)備）

single locomotive operation：單機(jī)牽引 MU(multiple unit)operation：多機(jī)牽引 axle load：軸重 Cummins：康明斯

Transmission type：傳動(dòng)類型 Hydraulic transmission：液力傳動(dòng) Piston：活塞

Air brake: 空氣制動(dòng)

Vacuum brake：真空制動(dòng)

H.F.(High Frequency)radio: 高頻電臺(tái) Microwave： 微波 Optic fiber：光纖 Light repair: 小修 Medium repair：中修

Rehabilitation/overhaul：大修 Spare part：零配件

Kilimanjaro passenger train：乞力馬扎羅號(hào)客車 Mukuba passenger train：姆庫巴號(hào)客車

Compartment：客車包廂 VIP lounge：貴賓室 Control order：調(diào)度令 Booking office：售票處

第五篇：管理學(xué)—應(yīng)用詞匯中英文對(duì)照表

蔚海藍(lán)天

管理學(xué)詞匯中英文對(duì)照

Accountability 責(zé)任感

Achievement-oriented leadership 成就取向型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

Activity ratio 活動(dòng)比率

Adaptive organization(horizontal corporation)自適應(yīng)組織

Administrative management 行政管理Affiliation needs 歸屬的需要Aggregate planning 綜合計(jì)劃

Alternative courses of action 可供選擇的行動(dòng)

Artifacts 人工環(huán)境

Assessment center 評(píng)價(jià)中心Assets 資產(chǎn)Attitudes 態(tài)度Authority 職權(quán)Autonomy 自治

Balance sheet 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

BCG matrix 波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)矩陣Behavior modification 行為修正Behavioral approach 行為法

Behavioral decision model 行為決策模型Boundary-spanning roles 跨界角色Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 頭腦風(fēng)暴法Breakeven analysis 頭腦風(fēng)暴法Budgets 預(yù)算

Bureaucratic control 官僚控制

Bureaucratic management 官僚管理Business ethics 商業(yè)道德

Business portfolio matrix 商業(yè)資產(chǎn)組合矩陣 Business strategy 商業(yè)策略Cash cows 金錢牛

Chain of command 指揮鏈Changing 變革

Charismatic authority 魅力權(quán)威模式Classical perspective 古典管理理論Closed system 封閉系統(tǒng)Code of ethics 倫理規(guī)范Coercive power 強(qiáng)制力Cohesiveness 凝聚力

Communication 溝通

Communication network 溝通網(wǎng)Compensation 報(bào)酬

Competitive advantage 競爭優(yōu)勢

Computer-aided software engineering(CASE)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)

Conceptual skill 概念能力Concurrent control 并行控制Constraints 強(qiáng)制，約束

Contingency approaches 隨即制宜法Contingency perspective 權(quán)變觀Contingency planning 隨即計(jì)劃

Continuous schedule of reinforcement 連續(xù)性獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

Continuous-flow production system 連續(xù)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)

controlling 控制職能Controls 控制

Corporate social responsibility 公司社會(huì)責(zé)任

Corporate strategy 公司戰(zhàn)略

Cost leadership strategy 成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略Current assets 流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)Current liabilities 流動(dòng)負(fù)債

Customer divisional structure 消費(fèi)者多樣化結(jié)構(gòu)

Data 數(shù)據(jù)

Debt ratios 負(fù)債比率Decision making 決策

Decision support system(DSS)決策制定系統(tǒng)

Decision tree 決策樹(體系)Decision varialbes 決策變量decisional roles 決策角色Decoding 解碼Delegation 授權(quán)

Delphi technique 魔鬼提倡法Devil's advocacy 唱反調(diào)的人Dialectical inquiry 辯證探求法Differention strategy 差異化戰(zhàn)略Directive leadership 指示領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

Diversity 多樣化

Divisional structure 部門是結(jié)構(gòu)Dogs 瘦狗

Downward communication 下行溝通Dynamic network 動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Economic feasibility 經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率

Electronic data interchange(EDI)EDI電子數(shù)據(jù)交換

Electronic funds transfer(EFT)電子資金轉(zhuǎn)換

Electronic mail(e-mail)電子郵件

Employee assistance programs(EAPs)員工輔助項(xiàng)目顧問

Employee-centered work redesign 員工工作再設(shè)計(jì)

Employment test 就業(yè)測試

Empowering employees 職工授權(quán)Encoding 編碼

End users 終極用戶Entropy 衰退趨勢

Escalation of commitment 遞增效忠Esteem needs 尊重的需要Ethical behavior 道德表現(xiàn)Ethical dilemma 倫理困境Ethics 倫理Expectancy 期望

Expected monetary value(EMV)預(yù)期貨幣價(jià)值

Expected value 預(yù)期價(jià)值Expert power 專家權(quán)力Expert system 專家系統(tǒng)

External communication 外部環(huán)境External customer 外部顧客External forces 外部力量Extinction 廢止Feedback 反饋Feedback 反饋Feedback 反饋

Feedback(corrective)control 反饋校正控制 Feedback controls 反饋控制

Feedforward(preventive)control 前饋預(yù)防控制Feedforward controls 前饋控制Fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)

Fixed-interval schedule 定時(shí)給獎(jiǎng)Fixed-position layout 定位式布置Fixed-ratio schedule 定比給獎(jiǎng)Focus strategy 集中戰(zhàn)略

Force-field analysis 立場分析Formal groups 正式群體

Functional manager 職能管理者Functional strategy 職能管理者Functional structure 職能式戰(zhàn)略GE matrix 職能式結(jié)構(gòu)

General environment 一般環(huán)境General manager 總經(jīng)理

Generic strategies 一般性策略

Geographic divisional structure 全球多樣化戰(zhàn)略

Global strategy 全球化戰(zhàn)略Goal setting 目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)Goals 目標(biāo)

Grand strategy 主戰(zhàn)略

Grapevine 藤狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)式溝通Group 群體

Groupthink 群體思想Groupware 群件

Halo-and-horn effect 月暈效應(yīng)Hawthorne effect 關(guān)注作用

Human resource information systems(HRISs)人力資源信息系統(tǒng)

Human resource management 人力資源管理 Human resource planning 人力資源計(jì)劃Human rights approach 人權(quán)方法Human skills 人工技巧Hybrid layout 混合式布置Hygiene factors 保健因素hyperchange 極度改變Income statement 損益表Informal groups 非正式群體Information 信息

Information overload 信息過量Information power 信息權(quán)力Information technology 信息技術(shù)Informational roles 信息角色I(xiàn)nputs 投入

Instrumental values 工具價(jià)值Instrumentality 媒介;工具;手段Intangible costs 無形成本

Integrating mechanisms 結(jié)合機(jī)制Interdependence 互相依賴Internal customer 內(nèi)部顧客Internal forces 內(nèi)力

Internal network 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Interpersonal roles 人際交往能力Intuition 直覺Jargon 行話

Job analysis 工作分析;工種分析Job depth 工作深度

Job description 工作說明Job description 工作說明Job design 工作設(shè)計(jì)

Job enlargement 工作擴(kuò)大化Job enrichment 工作豐富化Job rotation 崗位輪換Job satisfaction 工作滿意Job scope 工作豐富化

Job specifications 工作規(guī)范;操作規(guī)程Job-shop production system 職務(wù)專業(yè)化Justice approach 公正合理觀

Just-in-time(JIT)inventory management 及時(shí)存貨系統(tǒng)

Labor-management relations 勞工管理關(guān)系Language systems and metaphors 語言習(xí)慣Lateral communication 橫向溝通Law of effect 效應(yīng)法則

Law of requisite variety 必要多樣性定律Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

Leadership substitutes 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)替代leading 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

Least preferred coworker(LPC)scale 最不喜歡的同事

Legitimate power 法定權(quán)利Liabilities 負(fù)債

Line personnel 線形人事管理Liquidity ratios 流動(dòng)率

Local-area network(LAN)局域網(wǎng)Locus of control 控制點(diǎn)

Locus of decision making 局域網(wǎng)Long-term liabilities 長期債務(wù)Machiavellian personality 馬基雅弗利人格理論

Management 管理

Management by exception 例外管理

Management by objectives(MBO)目標(biāo)管理責(zé)任制

Management information system(MIS)信息管理系統(tǒng)

Managers 經(jīng)理

Master production schedule 主生產(chǎn)排程Matket growth rate 市場增長率Matrix structure 矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)

Mechanistic systems 機(jī)械式組織Medium 載體Messages 消息Motivation 激勵(lì)

Motivator factors 激勵(lì)因素

Multidomestic strategy 多元化策略Myths 虛構(gòu)的故事

Need for achievement 成就需要Negative reinforcement 消極強(qiáng)化Network structure 網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)Noise 噪聲

Nominal group technique(NGT)名義群體技術(shù)

Nonprogrammed decision 非程序化決策Nonverbal communicationa 非語言溝通Norms 標(biāo)準(zhǔn);規(guī)范;典范;限額Objectives 目標(biāo)

Objectives function 目標(biāo)函數(shù)Open system 開放系統(tǒng)

Operational feasibility 造作可行性O(shè)perational plan 作業(yè)計(jì)劃

Operational planing 作業(yè)計(jì)劃職能Opportunity 機(jī)遇

Oral communication 口頭交流Organic(clan)control 有機(jī)控制Organic system 有機(jī)系統(tǒng)organization 組織安排

Organizational change 組織變革Organizational control 組織控制Organizational culture 組織文化Organizational design 住址決策

Organizational development(OD)組織發(fā)展

Organizational feasibility 組織可行性O(shè)rganizational mission 組織使命Organizational structure 組織結(jié)構(gòu)Organizing 組織Orientation 定位Outputs 產(chǎn)出

Owner's equity 所有者權(quán)益

Partial schedule of reinforcement 間斷性獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

Participative leadership 參與型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Participative management 參與管理Path-goal model 途徑-目標(biāo)模型

Payoff table 決定(因素)表;結(jié)算表;成果表Payoffs 發(fā)工資

Performance appraisal 績效考評(píng)Personality 性格

PERT(program Evaluation and review technique)計(jì)劃審評(píng)技術(shù)

Physiological needs 生理的需要Plan 計(jì)劃

planning 計(jì)劃,部署Policies 政策

Pooled interdependence 共有相互依存Positive reinforcement 正強(qiáng)化Power 權(quán)利Problem 問題Procedures 程序

Process consultation 過程咨詢Process layout 工藝式布置

Product divisional structure 生產(chǎn)部門式結(jié)構(gòu) Product layout 產(chǎn)品式布置Productivity 生產(chǎn)力

Profitability ratios 收益比率

Programmed decision 程序化決策Programs 規(guī)劃

Project production system 工程生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)Projects 項(xiàng)目

Protected class 受保護(hù)一類Punishment 懲罰

Quality assurance 質(zhì)量保證Quality circle QC小組

Quality control 質(zhì)量管理;質(zhì)量控制Quality management 質(zhì)量管理Question marks 問號(hào)Rational-economic decision model 理性經(jīng)濟(jì)決策模型

Rational-legal authority 法理權(quán)威模式

Reciprocal interdependence 交互性的互賴性Recruitment 招聘

Reengineering 工程再造Referent power 指示權(quán)力Refreezing 再凍結(jié)階段

Relationship orientation 關(guān)系導(dǎo)向

Relationship-orientation roles 關(guān)系導(dǎo)向角色Relative market share 相關(guān)市場份額

Repetitive, assembly-line, or mass-production system 重復(fù)性、流水線、大量生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)Responsibility 職責(zé)Restraining forces 阻力Reward power 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)權(quán)力Rites 儀式

Robotics 機(jī)器人技術(shù)Roles 任務(wù)，角色Rules 規(guī)則

Satisficing 滿意性

Scalar principle 等級(jí)原則

Schedules of reinforcement 強(qiáng)化時(shí)間表Scientific management 科學(xué)管理Security needs 安全的需要Selection 選拔

Selective perception 選擇性理解

Self-actualization needs 自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需要Self-esteem 自尊

Self-management teams 自我管理小組Self-management teams 自我管理小組Self-monitoring 自我控制

Self-oriented roles 自我取向角色

Sequential interdependence 順序式互賴Sexual harassment 性騷擾Single-use plans 一次性計(jì)劃Skill vareity 多種技能SLT model 情境領(lǐng)導(dǎo)模型Social context 社會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)性

Span of control 控制幅度，管理幅度Special-purpose team 特殊目標(biāo)小組Stable environment 環(huán)境穩(wěn)定Stable network 穩(wěn)固網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Staff personnel 員工人事管理

Staffing 人員雇傭；職工配備Stakeholders 利益相關(guān)者Standing plans 長設(shè)計(jì)劃Stars 明星

States of nature 自然狀態(tài)Stereotyping 典型化Stories 事跡

Strategic analysis 戰(zhàn)略分析Strategic control 戰(zhàn)略控制

Strategic decision-making matrix 戰(zhàn)略決策矩陣

Strategic goals 戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)Strategic plan 戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃Strategic plan 戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃

Strategic planning 戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃職能Strategic planning 戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃職能Strategy formulation 戰(zhàn)略制定Strategy Implementation 戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施Supportive leadership 支持型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Survey feedback 調(diào)查反饋Synergy 共同作用

Systems analysis 系統(tǒng)分析

Systems development life cycle(SDLC)發(fā)展周期系統(tǒng)

Tangible costs 可收回成本Task environment 任務(wù)環(huán)境Task identity 任務(wù)說明

Task orientation 任務(wù)導(dǎo)向型Task significance 任務(wù)重要性

Task-oriented roles 任務(wù)導(dǎo)向型角色Team building 團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)

Technical feasibility 技術(shù)可行性Technical skills 技術(shù)技能Telecommuting 遠(yuǎn)程辦公Terminal values 終極價(jià)值Theory X(管理)X理論Theory Y(管理)Y理論Theory Z(管理)Z理論

Total quality management(TQM)TQM全面質(zhì)量管理

Total quality management(TQM)TQM全面質(zhì)量管理

Traditional authority 傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威模式Training 培訓(xùn)

Trait approach 特征途徑

Transactional leadership 執(zhí)行性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Transformation process 變革過程Turbulent environments 動(dòng)蕩環(huán)境Type A orientation A型意向者Type B orientation B型意向者Unfreezing 解凍

Unity of command 統(tǒng)一指揮

Upward communication 上行溝通Utility approach 功利主義觀Valence 效價(jià)Validity 效度Values 價(jià)值

Variable-ratio schedule 變動(dòng)比率增時(shí)制Variance reporting 視頻會(huì)議Videoconferencing 視頻會(huì)議Vigilance 警戒

Whistleblower 揭發(fā)

Wide-area network(WAN)局域網(wǎng)Written communication 筆頭交流