第一篇:土木工程專業(yè)英語單詞[最終版]
土木工程專業(yè)英語 Lesson 1 Civil Engineering Speciality [,spe?i'?liti]
? n.特性, 特質(zhì), 專業(yè), 特殊性 ? 【復(fù)數(shù)】 specialities
? A distinguishing mark or feature.一個明顯的特性或特質(zhì) ? specialities
Special points of consideration;particulars.?
specialities 詳細(xì)說明;細(xì)目
? Chiefly British A specialty.【多用于英國】 專業(yè) Irrigation[,iri'gei??n]
? n.灌溉, 沖洗 ? irrigation ? irrigat[e], 灌溉+-ion名詞后綴 Drainage['dreinid?]
? n.排水, 排泄, 排水裝置, 排水區(qū)域, 排出物, 消耗 ? drainage ? drain.agen.(名詞)
? The action or a method of draining.排水:排水的行動或方法 ? A system of drains.排水系統(tǒng)
? Something that is drained off.排走物:被排走的東西
? Medicine The removal of fluid or purulent material from a wound or body cavity.【醫(yī)學(xué)】
排除:傷口或體腔中液體或膿的排除
Mass
[m?s]
? n.塊, 大多數(shù), 質(zhì)量, 群眾, 大量 ? adj.群眾的, 大規(guī)模的, 集中的 ? vt.使集合 ? vi.聚集
? A unified body of matter with no specific shape.團(tuán),塊,堆:聚成一體的沒有具體形狀的物質(zhì):
? a mass of clay.一堆泥土
? A grouping of individual parts or elements that compose a unified body of unspecified size or quantity: ? 集結(jié),集合:把沒有具體形狀或數(shù)量的整體的各個組成部分看成一個整體:
? “Take mankind in mass, and for the most part, they seem a mob of unnecessary duplicates”(Herman Melville)? “整體而論,大部分的人類不過是一群烏合之眾”(赫爾曼·梅爾維爾)? A large but nonspecific amount or number: ? 大量:大而不具體的數(shù)量:a mass of bruises.? 一大片的青腫
? The principal part;the majority:主體,主要部分,大多數(shù): ? the mass of the continent.內(nèi)容的主要部分
? The physical volume or bulk of a solid body.體積:物質(zhì)體積或一件固體的體積
? Abbr.m Physics The measure of the quantity of matter that a body or an object contains.The mass of the body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight.縮寫 m【物理學(xué)】 質(zhì)量:物體內(nèi)所包含的物質(zhì)的量。物體質(zhì)量不受重力影響,因此與物體的重量不同,但是與其成比例
? An area of unified light, shade, or color in a painting.同色的擴(kuò)散形狀:一幅畫上統(tǒng)一的光、影或顏色的一大片
? masses The body of common people or people of low socioeconomic status.Used with the.?
masses 大眾,庶民:平民或社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位上低下者。常與the 連用
? v.tr.intr.(及物動詞和不及物動詞)? massed, massing, masses
? To gather or be gathered into a mass.(被)聚成團(tuán)、塊或堆
? adj.(形容詞)Of, relating to, characteristic of, directed at, or attended by a large number of people:以大眾為對象的:大眾的,以大眾為特征的,指向大眾的或大眾參與的: ? mass education;mass communication.大眾教育;大眾傳播 ? Done or carried out on a large scale:大規(guī)模進(jìn)行(完成)的: ? mass production.大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
? Total;complete:完整的,全部的;完全的:
? The mass result is impressive.最終結(jié)果讓人印象至深 Concentration [,k?nsen'trei??n]
? n.集中, 集合, 專心, 濃縮, 濃度
? The act or process of concentrating, especially the fixing of close, undivided attention.專心:全神貫注的動作或過程,尤指專注的、不分散的注意力的集中 ? The condition of being concentrated.全神貫注的狀態(tài) ? Something that has been concentrated.經(jīng)過濃縮的物品
? Chemistry The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance.【化學(xué)】 濃度:在某一單位物質(zhì)中另一特定物質(zhì)的含量
Differentiate [,dif?'ren?ieit]
? To constitute the distinction between:區(qū)分:在兩事物間區(qū)分差別:
? subspecies that are differentiated by the markings on their wings.生物可通過它們翅膀上的標(biāo)記上區(qū)別
? To perceive or show the difference in or between;discriminate.識別:看出或指出事物間的差別;識別
? To make different by alteration or modification.使差異:通過變更或修改從而產(chǎn)生差別 ? Mathematics To calculate the derivative or differential of(a function).【數(shù)學(xué)】 求…的微分:計算導(dǎo)數(shù)或(函數(shù)的)微分 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To become distinct or specialized;acquire a different character.變異:變得獨(dú)特、特殊;需要不同的特性
? To make distinctions;discriminate.區(qū)分出;辨別出 Predominate [pri'd?mineit]
? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To have or gain controlling power or influence;prevail:占優(yōu)勢,支配:擁有或獲得支配性權(quán)力或影響;占優(yōu)勢:
? Good predominates over evil in many works of literature.在許多文學(xué)作品中正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡 ? To be of or have greater quantity or importance;preponderate:占絕大多數(shù):數(shù)量較多或更為重要;數(shù)量上超過:
? French-speaking people predominate in Quebec.在魁北克說法語的人較多 ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To dominate or prevail over.統(tǒng)治或勝過… Scope [sk?up]
? n.(活動)范圍, 機(jī)會, 余地
? The range of one's perceptions, thoughts, or actions.? 眼界,見識:某人的見識、想法或者行動的范圍
? Breadth or opportunity to function.See Synonyms at room ? 機(jī)會,余地:發(fā)揮能力的余地或機(jī)會參見 room ? The area covered by a given activity or subject范圍,領(lǐng)域:一項(xiàng)規(guī)定的活動或者主題所涉及的范圍
? The length or sweep of a mooring cable.錨纜長度或范圍
? Informal A viewing instrument such as a periscope, microscope, or telescope.【非正式用語】 觀看地儀器:觀察儀器,比如潛望鏡、顯微鏡或者望遠(yuǎn)鏡 ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? scoped,scop.ing,scopes 【俚語】
? To examine or study carefully and in detail:仔細(xì)研究:認(rèn)真細(xì)致地研究或檢查:
? “[He] scopes the big picture of Israeli-Arab relations”(James Wolcott)“[他] 認(rèn)真地查看關(guān)于以色列和阿拉伯關(guān)系的大圖片”(詹姆斯·沃爾科特)Utility [ju:'tiliti]
? 【復(fù)數(shù)】 u.til.i.ties
? The quality or condition of being useful;usefulness:功用,效用:有效用的特征或狀態(tài);有用,實(shí)用:
? “I have always doubted the utility of these conferences on disarmament”(Winston S.Churchill)“我一直懷疑這些裁軍會議的效用”(溫斯頓S.丘吉爾)? A useful article or device.有用的物體或器械 ? Abbr.util.縮寫 util.? A public utility.公用事業(yè)公司
? A commodity or service, such as electricity, water, or public transportation, that is provided by a public utility.公用事業(yè):由公用事業(yè)公司提供的商品或服務(wù),如電力,水和公共交通 ? adj.(形容詞)
? Used, serving, or working in several capacities as needed, especially:有多種用途的,尤指
? Prepared to play any of the smaller theatrical roles on short notice:各種工作都會做的:一經(jīng)通知就準(zhǔn)備扮演任何小角色的: ? a utility cast member.跑龍?zhí)籽輪T
? Capable of playing as a substitute in any of several positions:能在數(shù)個位置作替補(bǔ)的: ? a utility infielder.能攻善守的內(nèi)場手
? Designed for various often heavy-duty practical uses:多用途的:為多一個重復(fù)荷性的用途設(shè)計的:
? a utility knife;a utility vehicle.多用途小刀;多用途車輛 Preliminary [pri'limin?ri]
? adj.預(yù)備的, 初步的
? Prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business;introductory or prefatory.開頭的,初步的:先于主要事件、行動或業(yè)務(wù)的或?yàn)槠渥鳒?zhǔn)備的;預(yù)備性的或前面的 ? n.(名詞)【復(fù)數(shù)】 pre.lim.i.nar.ies
? Something that precedes, prepares for, or introduces the main matter, action, or business.開端,初步:先于、準(zhǔn)備或介紹主要事件、行動或業(yè)務(wù)的事
? An academic test or examination that is preparatory to one that is longer, more complex, or more important.初試:為更長、更復(fù)雜或更重要的考試而進(jìn)行的預(yù)備性學(xué)術(shù)測試或考試
? Often preliminaries Printing The front matter of a book.常作 preliminaries 【印刷術(shù)】
前言:書的開頭內(nèi)容
? preliminary, introductory, prefatory, preparatory ? The central meaning shared by these adjectives is “going before and preparing the way for something else”: 這些形容詞共有的中心意思是“在其它事物之前并為其鋪路的”:
? a preliminary investigation;事先調(diào)查; ? introductory remarks;序言;
? an author's prefatory notes;作者的序言注解; ?
preparatory steps.預(yù)備步驟
Specification [,spesifi'kei??n]
? n.詳述, 規(guī)格, 說明書, 規(guī)范
? The act of specifying.詳述:詳細(xì)說明的行為
? specifications A detailed, exact statement of particulars, especially a statement prescribing materials, dimensions, and quality of work for something to be built, installed, or manufactured.?
specifications 規(guī)格:對工程、設(shè)備或產(chǎn)品的原料、尺寸或質(zhì)量進(jìn)行明確、詳細(xì)地說明
? A single item or article that has been specified.? 指明的事項(xiàng):已經(jīng)指明的事項(xiàng)或條款
? An exact written description of an invention by an applicant for a patent.? 通過專利申請書的形式對發(fā)明所作的確切的書面描述 Supervise ['sju:p?vaiz]
? v.監(jiān)督, 管理, 指導(dǎo)
? su.per.vised,su.per.vis.ing,su.per.vis.es
? To have the charge and direction of;superintend.? 監(jiān)督,管理;指導(dǎo)
? supervise,boss,overlook,oversee,superintend ? The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to have the direction and oversight of the performance of others”:
? 這些動詞共有的中心意思為“指導(dǎo)或監(jiān)督別人的工作”:
? supervised a team of investigators;監(jiān)督一調(diào)查組; ? bossed a construction crew;建筑隊(duì)工頭; ? overlooking farm hands;農(nóng)夫監(jiān)工;
? overseeing plumbers and electricians;管道工及電工工頭; ? superintend a household staff.管理傭人
Coordinate [k?u'?:dinit]
? n.同等者, 同等物, 坐標(biāo)(用復(fù)數(shù))? adj.同等的, 并列的 ? vt.調(diào)整, 整理
? Of equal importance, rank, or degree:同等的:在重要性、等級或程度上相同的: ? coordinate offices of a business.業(yè)務(wù)上同等的辦事處 ? Of or involving coordination.協(xié)調(diào)的或涉及協(xié)調(diào)的 ? Of or based on a system of coordinates.? 坐標(biāo):坐標(biāo)系的或基于坐標(biāo)系的v.(動詞)coordinated, coordinating,coordinates ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To place in the same order, class, or rank.將…置于同一次序、類別或等級中 ? To harmonize in a common action or effort:在共同的行動或努力中協(xié)調(diào): ? coordinating the moving parts of a machine;coordinate the colors of a design.? 調(diào)整機(jī)器的運(yùn)行部件;調(diào)和圖案的顏色 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)? To be coordinate:使同等:
? The generators coordinate so that one is always running.? 這些發(fā)電機(jī)是同一類型的以便于保證總有一臺在運(yùn)行 ? To work together harmoniously:一起協(xié)調(diào)地工作:
? a nursing staff that coordinates smoothly.協(xié)同配合得很好的護(hù)理人員 ? To form a pleasing combination;match:形成賞心悅目的組合;相配: ? shoes that coordinate with the rest of the outfit.與其他服裝相搭配的鞋 Transmission [tr?nz'mi??n]
? n.播送, 發(fā)射, 傳動, 傳送, 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)播
? The act or process of transmitting.傳送:傳送的行為或過程 ? The fact of being transmitted.傳送被轉(zhuǎn)送的狀態(tài)
? Something, such as a message, that is transmitted.轉(zhuǎn)送:被轉(zhuǎn)送的事物,如一條信息 ? An automotive assembly of gears and associated parts by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle.Also called gearbox 傳動裝置:汽車上由齒輪和其它相連部件構(gòu)成的一個集合體,能量通過它從發(fā)動機(jī)傳到主動軸也作
gearbox ? The sending of a signal, picture, or other information from a transmitter.播送:從一發(fā)射機(jī)發(fā)送信號、圖像或其它信息
Giant ['d?ai?nt]
? n.(名詞)
? A person or thing of great size.巨人,巨物:巨大的人或物
? A person of extraordinary power, significance, or importance:偉人,卓越人物:具有非凡力量、意義或重要性的人:
? a giant in the field of physics;an intellectual giant.物理學(xué)界的巨人;智慧出眾人物 ? Greek Mythology One of a race of humanlike beings of enormous strength and stature who were destroyed in battle with the Olympians.【希臘神話】 巨人:一個象人類一樣具有巨大力量和身高的人種,在與奧林匹亞人的戰(zhàn)斗中被毀滅
? A being in folklore or myth similar to one of these beings.巨人:民間傳說或神話中與以上的人種相似的人 ? adj.(形容詞)
? Marked by exceptionally great size, magnitude, or power:巨大的,龐大的:在外形、數(shù)量和力量方面特別巨大:
? a giant wave;a giant impact.巨大的波浪;巨大的沖擊力 Hurricane ['h?rik?n,-kin]
? n.颶風(fēng), 狂風(fēng)
? n.(名詞)A severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving heavy rains.颶風(fēng):一種猛烈的熱帶風(fēng)暴,形成于大西洋或加勒比海赤道地區(qū),從形成地向北、西北或東北移動,通常攜有大量雨水
? A wind with a speed greater than 74 miles(119 kilometers)per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.暴風(fēng):按照蒲氏風(fēng)級,時速達(dá)74英里(119公里)以上的風(fēng)
? Something resembling a hurricane in force or speed.猛烈如颶風(fēng)的事物:在力量或速度上與颶風(fēng)相似的東西
Aspect ['?spekt]
? n.樣子, 外表, 面貌,(問題等的)方面
? n.(名詞)A particular look or facial expression;mien: ? 容貌,表情:一種特別的樣子或面貌表情;面貌:
? “He was serious of aspect but wholly undistinguished”(Louis Auchincloss)? “他面色嚴(yán)峻,卻不過一庸人而已”(路易斯·奧金克洛斯)? Appearance to the eye, especially from a specific vantage point.? 觀點(diǎn):出現(xiàn)于眼睛里尤指從一具體的有利點(diǎn)
? A way in which something can be viewed by the mind: ? 視點(diǎn),角度:某物能通過大腦被看到的方式:
? looked at all aspects of the situation.See Synonyms at phase ? 從不同角度看情況參見 phase runoff ? n.流走之物, 決賽, 決定性競選
? The overflow of fluid from a container.溢流:從容器中流出液體 ? Rainfall not absorbed by soil.徑流:未被土壤吸收的降雨
? Eliminated waste products from manufacturing processes.廢物:從生過程中排除的廢產(chǎn)品
? An extra competition held to break a tie.決賽:打平手者之間另加的比賽 Waterfront ['w?:t?fr?nt]
? n.(名詞)
? Land abutting a body of water.水邊地:靠水邊的地
? The part of a town or city that abuts water, especially a district of wharves where ships dock.碼頭區(qū):城鎮(zhèn)鄰水的部分,尤指船只??康拇a頭區(qū) ? n.attributive.(定語名詞)
? Often used to modify another noun:通常用作修飾名詞: ? waterfront docks;waterfront mills.碼頭;水邊的磨房 Canal [k?'n?l]
? An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.運(yùn)河,溝渠:人工水道或人工修繕的河流,用于旅行、航運(yùn)或灌溉
? Anatomy A tube, duct, or passageway.【解剖學(xué)】 導(dǎo)管,道:管子、輸送管或通道 ? Astronomy One of the faint, hazy markings resembling straight lines on early telescopic images of the surface of Mars.【天文學(xué)】 火星運(yùn)河:在早期用望遠(yuǎn)鏡所看到的火星表面圖象上的類似于直線的、暗弱的模糊印記 ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? ca.nalled 或 ca.naled ca.nal.ling 或 ca.nal.ing ca.nals 或 ca.nals
? To dig an artificial waterway through:開運(yùn)河:挖掘一人工水道: ? canal an isthmus.在地峽處開一條溝
? To provide with an artificial waterway or waterways.疏導(dǎo):提供一條或多條人工水道 ? A position facing or commanding a given direction;exposure.方位:座向面臨或朝向一指定方向的位置;方位
? A side or surface facing in a particular direction:方位,朝向:面對一具體方向的一側(cè)或一表面:
? the ventral aspect of the body.身體的腹面
? The configuration of the stars or planets in relation to one another.星位,行或恒星的相互位置
? This configuration, thought by astrologers to influence human affairs.星象命運(yùn):這種相互位置,占星者認(rèn)為會影響人事禍福
? Grammar A category of the verb designating primarily the relation of the action to the passage of time, especially in reference to completion, duration, or repetition.【語法】(動詞的)體:一種動詞范疇,主要指動作與時間之間的關(guān)系,尤指完成、延續(xù)或重復(fù)等狀態(tài)
Hydroelectric ['haidr?i'lektrik]
? adj.水力電氣的 ? adj.(形容詞)
? Generating electricity by conversion of the energy of running water.水力發(fā)電的:通過轉(zhuǎn)變奔騰的水的能量產(chǎn)生電
? Of, relating to, or using electricity so generated.水力電氣:這種方式產(chǎn)生的電的,或與這樣產(chǎn)生的電有關(guān)的,或使用這樣產(chǎn)生的電的
impoundment ? n.被壩所圍住的水, 扣留 ? n.(名詞)
? The act of impounding or the state of being impounded.收集,被收集:收集的行為或是正在被收集的狀態(tài)
? A body of water, such as a reservoir, made by impounding.集水區(qū):一塊集水域,例如水庫,用以集水
Affect [?'fekt]
? vt.影響, 感動, 侵襲, 假裝
? To have an influence on or effect a change in:影響:影響或使發(fā)生變化: ? Inflation affects the buying power of the dollar.通貨膨脹影響美元的購買能力 ? To act on the emotions of;touch or move.打動:作用于…的感情;打動或感動 ? To attack or infect, as a disease:侵襲:疾病侵害或感染: ? Rheumatic fever can affect the heart.風(fēng)濕熱能感染心臟 ? n.(名詞)Psychology 【心理學(xué)】 A feeling or emotion as distinguished from cognition, thought, or action.? 感情:有別于認(rèn)識,思想或行為的感情或情感
? A strong feeling having active consequences.強(qiáng)烈的感情:具有積極后果的強(qiáng)烈的感情 ? Obsolete A disposition, feeling, or tendency.Settlement ['setlm?nt]
? n.沉降, 解決, 結(jié)算, 殖民, 殖民地
? The act or process of settling.定居:定居的行為或過程
? Establishment, as of a person in a business or of people in a new region.建立:某人固定于某事業(yè)或人們定居于一個新地區(qū) ? A newly colonized region.新殖民地 ? A small community.小社區(qū)
? An arrangement, adjustment, or other understanding reached, as in financial or business proceedings:協(xié)議:安排、調(diào)整或合意(如在金融或商業(yè)過程中): ? a divorce settlement.離婚協(xié)議 ? Law 【法律】
? Transfer of property to provide for the future needs of a person.轉(zhuǎn)讓:轉(zhuǎn)讓財產(chǎn)以提供某人未來所需
? Property thus transferred.轉(zhuǎn)讓的財產(chǎn)
? A center providing community services in an underprivileged area.Also called In this sense, also called settlement house 在一個貧困地區(qū)提供社區(qū)服務(wù)的中心也作
在此意義上也可稱作 settlement house Evaluate [i'v?ljueit]
? vt.評價, 估計, 求...的值
? To ascertain or fix the value or worth of.估…的值,定…的價:確定…的數(shù)值或價值 ? To examine and judge carefully;appraise.See Synonyms at estimate 對…評價:仔細(xì)地考察和判斷、評價;鑒定參見 estimate ? Mathematics To calculate the numerical value of;express numerically.【數(shù)學(xué)】 計算…的值;以數(shù)目表示
Fill [fil]
? vt.裝滿, 注滿, 充滿, 填充, 彌漫, 供應(yīng), 供給, 滿足
? To put into as much as can be held:填滿:按可容納量盡可能多的裝入: ? fill a glass with milk.倒?jié)M一玻璃杯的牛奶
? To supply to the fullest extent:充滿:按最大限度供給: ? fill a concert hall.擠滿了音樂廳
? To build up the level of(low-lying land)with material such as earth or gravel.填滿:用例如土或砂石等材料加高(低地的)水平
? To stop or plug up(an opening, for example).塞?。和V够蜃枞ū热缫粋€開端)? To repair a cavity of(a tooth).填補(bǔ)(牙的)洞
? To add a foreign substance to(cloth or wood, for example).填加:給(例如布或木頭)增加另外的物質(zhì)
? To satiate, as with food and drink.吃飽喝足:如用食物和飲料使飽 ? To satisfy or meet;fulfill:滿足,迎合:使?jié)M意或使?jié)M足;履行: ? fill the requirements.See Synonyms at satisfy 滿足需求參見 satisfy ? To complete(something)by insertion or addition:填入:通過插入或填加的方式完成(某事):
? fill in the blanks.填空
? To supply with material, such as writing, an inscription, or an illustration:補(bǔ)滿:提供或補(bǔ)充材料,例如寫作、描述或例證:
? filled the blank spaces on the page with notes.在書頁空白處寫滿了注釋 ? To supply as required:充分滿足:
? fill a prescription;fill an order.依處方供藥;供應(yīng)訂貨 ? To place a person in:任職:將某人安置于某職務(wù): ? fill a job vacancy.填補(bǔ)工作的空缺
? To possess and discharge the duties of;hold:擔(dān)任:負(fù)有或執(zhí)行…的責(zé)任;履行: ? fill a post.履行工作義務(wù)
? To occupy the whole of;pervade:充滿,彌漫:全部占滿;充滿: ? Music filled the room.音樂充滿了屋子 ? To spread throughout:傳遍: ? Fear filled the city.恐懼遍及全城
? To engage or occupy completely;make full:充滿:全部吸引或占據(jù);使充滿:
? filled the child's mind with strange ideas;a story that filled our hearts with joy.使孩子的頭腦中充滿了古怪的想法;一則使我們心里充滿了喜悅的故事
? To cover the surface of(an inexpensive metal)with a layer of precious metal, such as gold.鍍:用貴重金屬層例如金等覆蓋(非貴金屬的)表面 ? Nautical 【航海】 To cause(a sail)to swell.張滿(帆):使(船帆)鼓脹
? To adjust(a yard)so that wind will cause a sail to swell.張帆:調(diào)整(帆桁)使風(fēng)可以充滿帆
scrubber ? n.(名詞)
? One that scrubs, especially:擦洗者,尤指:
? One who cleans floors, for example, by scrubbing.洗刷地板的人:清潔地板的人,例如通過擦拭
? A brush, appliance, or abrasive that is used in cleaning.擦洗用具:用于擦冼的刷子、洗滌器或擦洗物
? An apparatus that is used for removing impurities from a gas.凈氣器:用于把氣體中不干凈的東西去掉的儀器
Incineration
n.燒成灰, 焚化
Toxic ['t?ksik]
? adj.(形容詞)
? Of, relating to, or caused by a toxin or other poison: ? 有毒的:(有關(guān))毒素或其他毒物的,或由此造成的: ? a toxic condition;toxic hepatitis.中毒狀況,中毒性肝炎
? Capable of causing injury or death, especially by chemical means;poisonous:能夠造成傷害或死亡的,尤指通過化學(xué)方法;有毒的:
? food preservatives that are toxic in concentrated amounts;a dump for toxic industrial wastes.See Synonyms at poisonous 濃縮后有毒的食物防腐劑;有毒工業(yè)廢料的臨時堆積所參見 poisonous ? n.(名詞)
? A toxic chemical or other substance.有毒的化學(xué)品或其它物質(zhì) Hazardous ['h?z?d?s]
? adj.(形容詞)
? Marked by danger;perilous.帶有危險性的;危險的 ? Depending on chance;risky.靠運(yùn)氣的;冒險的 Sanitary ['s?nit?ri]
? adj.(有關(guān))衛(wèi)生的,(保持)清潔的, 清潔衛(wèi)生的 ? n.(有關(guān)生設(shè)備的)公共廁所
? Of or relating to health.健康的:健康的或與之有關(guān)的
? Free from elements, such as filth or pathogens, that endanger health;hygienic:清潔的:不受對健康有害的如污物或病原體等因素影響的;衛(wèi)生的:
? sanitary conditions for the preparation of food.制作食品所要求的衛(wèi)生條件 Landfill ['l?ndfil]
? n.垃圾掩埋法, 垃圾
? A method of solid waste disposal in which refuse is buried between layers of dirt so as to fill in or reclaim low-lying ground.廢渣埋填法:一種將廢物埋于沙土層之間以填高或利用低地的處理固體廢物的方法
? A site used for or reclaimed by such disposal.垃圾填筑地:在上面使用這種方法的或用這種方法平整出來的地 ? v.(動詞)
? land.filled,land.fill.ing,land.fills ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To dispose of(waste material)in a landfill.在垃圾填筑地上處理(廢料)? To fill in or reclaim(land)by this method.用這種方法填充或開墾(土地)? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To dispose of refuse or reclaim land by filling in low-lying ground.用在低地上填筑的辦法處理廢物或開墾土地
Slurry ['sl?:ri]
? n.泥漿, 漿 ? n.(名詞)
? 【復(fù)數(shù)】 slur.ries
? A thin mixture of a liquid, especially water, and any of several finely divided substances, such as cement, plaster of Paris, or clay particles.灰漿:一種液體,尤指水和幾種顆粒細(xì)致的物質(zhì)的很稀混合物,如水泥、巴黎灰泥或粘土微粒的混合物
Traverse ['tr?v?(:)s]
? n.橫貫, 橫斷, 橫木, 障礙, 否認(rèn), 反駁,(建筑)通廊 ? vt.橫過, 穿過, 經(jīng)過, 在...來回移動, 反對, 詳細(xì)研究 ? vi.橫越, 橫斷, 旋轉(zhuǎn), 來回移動 ? adj.橫斷的, 橫的
? To travel or pass across, over, or through.跋涉:通過、越過或穿過
? To move to and fro over;cross and recross.來來去去:在…上來回移動;來回穿行 ? Sports To go up, down, or across(a slope)diagonally, as in skiing.【體育運(yùn)動】 滑上滑下:斜向?qū)堑氐巧?、走下或穿過(一個山坡),如在滑雪中 ? To cause to move laterally on a pivot;swivel:使旋轉(zhuǎn):使…在一個樞軸上向側(cè)面移動;使旋轉(zhuǎn):
? traverse an artillery piece.轉(zhuǎn)動炮口 ? To extend across;cross:橫越;橫跨:
? a bridge that traverses a river.一座橫跨河流的橋
? To look over carefully;examine.檢查:仔細(xì)地檢查;觀察 ? To go counter to;thwart.反對;阻撓 ? Law 【法律】
? To deny formally(an allegation of fact by the opposing party)in a suit.See Synonyms at deny 否認(rèn):在訴訟中正式否認(rèn)(對方提出的指控事實(shí))參見 deny ? To join issue upon(an indictment).爭論:(就一項(xiàng)指控)進(jìn)行辯論 ? To survey by traverse.觀察:通過橫向移動觀察
? Nautical To brace(a yard)fore and aft.【航?!?使船轉(zhuǎn)向:向首尾拉緊(橫桅桿)Hazardous ['h?z?d?s]
? adj.危險的, 冒險的, 碰運(yùn)氣的
? Marked by danger;perilous.帶有危險性的;危險的 ? Depending on chance;risky.靠運(yùn)氣的;冒險的 Oversee ['?uv?'si:]
? v.俯瞰, 監(jiān)視, 檢查, 視察
? To watch over and direct;supervise.See Synonyms at supervise 看管,指導(dǎo);監(jiān)督參見
supervise ? To subject to scrutiny;examine or inspect.易懷疑;監(jiān)視或檢查 Virtually ['v?:tj??li]
? adv.事實(shí)上, 實(shí)質(zhì)上
? In fact or to all purposes;practically:實(shí)際上地或?qū)嵸|(zhì)上地:
? The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike.這個城市實(shí)際上已陷于交通運(yùn)輸罷工的癱瘓狀態(tài)
? Almost but not quite;nearly:近乎:幾乎但不全是,幾乎是:
? “Virtually everyone gets a headache now and then”“每個人幾乎都要不時地頭疼” Ramp [r?mp]
? n.斜坡, 坡道, 敲詐
? vi.狂跳亂撞, 敲詐, 蔓延 ? vt.使有斜面, 敲詐 ? n.(名詞)
? An inclined surface or roadway connecting different levels.? 斜面,斜坡:傾斜的表面或道路,連接著不同的高度
? A mobile staircase by which passengers board and leave an aircraft.? 客機(jī)梯子:一種可移動的梯子,乘客可用它登上或離開飛機(jī)
? A concave bend of a handrail where a sharp change in level or direction occurs, as at a stair landing.? 彎子:欄桿的凹彎,此處有急驟的高度或方向變化,如在樓梯底座處 Excavate ['eksk?veit]
? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To make a hole in;hollow out:開鑿:鑿洞;挖空: excavate an ore-rich hillside.在富礦山上挖洞穴 To form by hollowing out.挖空:挖空成某種形狀
To remove by digging or scooping out.挖出:挖出以運(yùn)走
To expose or uncover by or as if by digging:挖掘:用挖掘或類似挖掘的辦法揭開或移去:
? excavate an archaeological site.挖掘考古現(xiàn)場 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To engage in digging, hollowing out, or removing.挖掘:忙于挖掘、開鑿或運(yùn)走 Pour [p?:, p??]
? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To make(a liquid or granular solid)stream or flow, as from a container.倒:使(液體或顆粒狀固體)從一容器中流出
? To send forth, produce, express, or utter copiously, as if in a stream or flood:傾瀉,傾訴:如水流或洪水般發(fā)出、生產(chǎn)出、滔滔不絕地表達(dá)或說出:poured money into the project;poured out my inner thoughts.把大筆錢投入項(xiàng)目中;傾吐我內(nèi)心的想法 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To stream or flow continuously or profusely.涌流:源源不斷地大量地流出 ? To rain hard or heavily.下傾盆大雨
? To pass or proceed in large numbers or quantity:泛濫,涌出:大量地經(jīng)過或進(jìn)行: ? Students poured into the auditorium.學(xué)生們涌入報告廳
? To serve a beverage, such as tea or coffee, to a gathering:斟,倒:為聚會斟倒飲料,如茶或咖啡:
? We need someone to pour.我們需要人斟茶倒水 ? n.(名詞)
? A pouring or flowing forth, especially a downpour of rain.傾瀉:尤指暴雨傾瀉或流下 Community [k?'mju:niti]
? n.公社, 團(tuán)體, 社會,(政治)共同體, 共有, 一致, 共同體,(生物)群落 ? 【復(fù)數(shù)】 com.mu.ni.ties 縮寫 com.? A group of people living in the same locality and under the same government.居民:住在相同地區(qū)和隸屬相同政府下的一群人
? The district or locality in which such a group lives.區(qū)域:這樣一群人住的區(qū)域或位置 ? A group of people having common interests:有共同利益的一群人:
? the scientific community;the international business community.科學(xué)界;國際貿(mào)易集團(tuán) ? Similarity or identity:相似或等同: ? a community of interests.利害關(guān)系一致
? Sharing, participation, and fellowship.分享,參與,團(tuán)體 ? Society as a whole;the public.作為整體的社會;大眾 ? Ecology 【生態(tài)學(xué)】
? A group of plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions.共生動物群:一群植物和動物,在有比較相似的環(huán)境條件的特定區(qū)域生活和相互影響
? The region occupied by a group of interacting organisms.共生區(qū):由一群相互作用的生物體占據(jù)的區(qū)域
? n.attributive.(定語名詞)Often used to modify another noun:常用作修飾相他名詞: ? ? ? ? ? community problems;community facilities.社會問題;公共設(shè)施 Recreational [,rekri'ei??n?l,-kri:-]
? adj.(形容詞)
? Of or relating to recreation:消遣的:屬于或與娛樂有關(guān)的: ? recreational swimming.消遣性游泳
? Of or relating to the occasional use, asserted not to be addictive, of narcotics:游戲性吸毒的:屬于或與偶然地而不是癮君子性質(zhì)地吸毒有關(guān)的:
? “You can't accept recreational drug use and expect to control the drug problem”(Lacy Thornburg)“你不可能一方面接受游戲性偶然使用毒品而另一方面期待著控制毒品問題”(拉西·桑伯格)photogrammetry ? n.(名詞)
? The process of making maps or scale drawings from photographs, especially aerial photographs.攝影制圖(法),攝影測繪(法):通過照片繪制地圖或比例尺的方法,尤指通過空中照片
? The process of making precise measurements by means of photography.攝影測量術(shù)(學(xué)):通過照片的方法來制作精確測量的過程
bore ? bored,bor.ing,bores ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill.鉆,鑿,開洞:用或似用鉆打洞或鉆孔
? To form(a tunnel, for example)by drilling, digging, or burrowing.用鉆、挖或掘的方式打通(如,隧道)? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To make a hole in or through something with or as if with a drill.? 鉆孔,打洞:用或似用鉆打洞或穿孔
? To proceed or advance steadily or laboriously: ? 艱難前行:穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地或費(fèi)力地前進(jìn)或上移: ? a destroyer boring through heavy seas.? 一艘在深海中破浪前進(jìn)的驅(qū)逐艦 ? n.(名詞)
? A hole or passage made by or as if by use of a drill.鉆孔,打洞:用或似用鉆打孔或通道 ? A hollow, usually cylindrical chamber or barrel, as of a firearm.槍膛:如槍的中空的,通常是柱狀的小室或小筒
? The interior diameter of a hole, tube, or cylinder.內(nèi)徑:洞、管或圓柱體的內(nèi)徑 ? The caliber of a firearm.槍的口徑
? A drilling tool.鉆子:一種鉆鑿用工具 geologic [d?i?'l?d?ik]
? adj.地質(zhì)(學(xué))的,地質(zhì)(學(xué))上的 municipal [mju(:)'nisip?l]
? adj.(形容詞)Of, relating to, or typical of a municipality.自治市的:屬于、有關(guān)或者象征一個自治市的
? Having local self-government.地方性自治的;Issued on the authority of a local or state government.地方性的:由地方或國家政府行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)頒布的
? Of or relating to the internal affairs of a nation.內(nèi)政的:和一個國家內(nèi)部事物相關(guān)的 ? n.(名詞)
? A municipal bond:市政公債:地方性公債:
? invested in tax-free municipals.在免稅市政公債上投資 municipal [mju(:)'nisip?l]
? adj.(形容詞)Of, relating to, or typical of a municipality.自治市的:屬于、有關(guān)或者象征一個自治市的
? Having local self-government.地方性自治的;Issued on the authority of a local or state government.地方性的:由地方或國家政府行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)頒布的
? Of or relating to the internal affairs of a nation.內(nèi)政的:和一個國家內(nèi)部事物相關(guān)的 ? n.(名詞)
? A municipal bond:市政公債:地方性公債:
? invested in tax-free municipals.在免稅市政公債上投資 Federal ['fed?r?l]
? adj.聯(lián)邦的, 聯(lián)合的, 聯(lián)邦制的, 同盟的
? n.(南北戰(zhàn)爭時期)北部聯(lián)邦同盟盟員;北京連邦軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展公司,國內(nèi)主要的正版軟件經(jīng)銷商
Federal ['fed?r?l]
? adj.聯(lián)邦的, 聯(lián)合的, 聯(lián)邦制的, 同盟的
? n.(南北戰(zhàn)爭時期)北部聯(lián)邦同盟盟員;北京連邦軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展公司,國內(nèi)主要的正版軟件經(jīng)銷商
semiautonomous ? adj.(形容詞)
? Partially self-governing.半自治的:部分地自治的
? Having the powers of self-government within a larger organization or structure.在較大的機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體中擁有自治權(quán)的
Innovation [,in?u'vei??n]
? n.(名詞)
? The act of introducing something new.? 革新:介紹新東西的行為 ? Something newly introduced.? 新方法,新技術(shù):新介紹的東西 Board [b?:d]
? n.Abbr.bd.(名詞)縮寫 bd.? A long, flat slab of sawed lumber;a plank.板:鋸制的長平板;厚板材
? Games :A flat surface on which a game is played.【游戲】 棋盤,游戲板:玩游戲所用的平面
? The hard cover of a book.封皮紙板:用作書封面的硬紙板 ? boards :A theater stage.boards 舞臺
? A table, especially one set for serving food.飯桌:桌子,尤其餐桌
? Food or meals considered as a whole:伙食,膳食:作為一整體的食物或膳食: ? board and lodging.膳宿
? A table at which official meetings are held;a council table.會議桌:用于舉行官方會議的桌子;會議桌
? An organized body of administrators or investigators:管理委員會:管理或調(diào)查的組織機(jī)構(gòu):
? a board of trustees;a board of directors.理事會;董事會 ? An electrical-equipment panel.儀表板,配電板
? Computer Science A circuit board.【計算機(jī)科學(xué)】 電路板,集成板 ? Sports 【體育運(yùn)動】 A scoreboard.計分牌 ? Basketball: A backboard.【籃球】 籃板
? boards :The wooden structure enclosing an ice hockey rink.boards 護(hù)板:冰球場的木質(zhì)圍板
? A diving board.跳板:跳水用板 ? A surfboard.沖浪板
? Nautical 【航?!?The side of a ship.船舷
? An organized body of administrators or investigators:管理委員會:管理或調(diào)查的組織機(jī)構(gòu):
? a board of trustees;a board of directors.理事會;董事會 ? An electrical-equipment panel.儀表板,配電板
? Computer Science A circuit board.【計算機(jī)科學(xué)】 電路板,集成板 ? Sports 【體育運(yùn)動】 A scoreboard.計分牌 ? Basketball: A backboard.【籃球】 籃板
? boards :The wooden structure enclosing an ice hockey rink.boards 護(hù)板:冰球場的木質(zhì)圍板
? A diving board.跳板:跳水用板 ? A surfboard.沖浪板
? Nautical 【航?!?The side of a ship.船舷 commission [k?'mi??n]
? n.(名詞)
? The act of granting certain powers or the authority to carry out a particular task or duty.委任;委托:授予某種力量或權(quán)力以實(shí)現(xiàn)特定任務(wù)或責(zé)任的行動 ? The authority so granted.權(quán)限,職權(quán):這樣授予的權(quán)力 ? The matter or task so authorized:這樣授權(quán)的事情或任務(wù):
? Investigation of fraud was their commission.調(diào)查詐欺舞弊是他們的任務(wù) ? A document conferring such authorization.授權(quán)書:涉及這樣授權(quán)的文件
? Abbr.Com., com., comm.A group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions:縮寫 Com.,com.,comm.考察團(tuán),調(diào)查團(tuán):官方授權(quán)承擔(dān)某項(xiàng)責(zé)任或職能的一群人:
? The Federal Trade Commission investigates false advertising.聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會調(diào)查不實(shí)廣告
? The act of committing or perpetrating:犯罪行為: ? the commission of a crime.犯罪
? A fee or percentage allowed to a sales representative or an agent for services rendered.擁金:同意給予提供服務(wù)的銷售代表或代理人的酬金或百分比
? Abbr.Com., com., comm.An official document issued by a government, conferring on the recipient the rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces.? 縮寫 Com.,com.,comm.委任狀:由政府發(fā)布的官方文件,在武裝部隊(duì)內(nèi)對領(lǐng)受者授予在編官員的軍銜
? The rank and powers so conferred.如此授予的軍銜和權(quán)力 Occasion [?'kei??n]
? n.場合, 時機(jī), 機(jī)會 convocation [,k?nv?'kei??n]
? n.集會, 召集, 教士會議
?(一些大學(xué)中的)畢業(yè)同學(xué)會 Correlate ['k?rileit]
? vt.使相互關(guān)聯(lián) ? vi.和...相關(guān) aptitude ['?ptitju:d]
? n.恰當(dāng), 智能, 聰明, 自然傾向 nevertheless [,nev?e?'les]
? adv.(副詞)
? In spite of that;nonetheless;however: ? 然而:盡管如此;仍然;然而: ? a small, nevertheless fatal error.? 很小卻是致命的錯誤 Irrelevant [i'reliv?nt]
? adj.不相關(guān)的
? adj.不相關(guān)的,不切題的 stiffener ['stifn?]
? n.加勁桿(剛性元件,硬化劑)spectacular [spek't?kjul?]
? adj.公開展示的,驚人的 erect [i'rekt]
? adj.直立的,豎立的,筆直的 ? v.豎立,使...直立,建筑 modest
['m?dist]
? adj.謙虛的;適度的;端莊的 drilling ['drili?]
? n.演練,鉆孔 rig [rig]
? n.裝備,帆具,服裝 ? v.裝配,裝扮,壟斷 job-hopper ? 跳槽者
Compromise ['k?mpr?maiz]
? n.妥協(xié),折衷,折衷案 ? v.妥協(xié)處理,危害 ? v.妥協(xié),讓步 ecologist [i'k?l?d?ist]
? n.生態(tài)學(xué)家 ground [gra?nd]
? n.土地,戰(zhàn)場,場地 ? adj.土地的,地面上的
? v.放在地上,使...擱淺,打基礎(chǔ) conservationist [,k?ns?'vei??nist]
? n.自然資源保護(hù)論者 ecologist [i'k?l?d?ist]
? n.生態(tài)學(xué)家
predecessor ['pri:dises?]
? n.前輩,前任
crucial ['kru:?i?l, 'kru:??l]
? adj.關(guān)鍵的,決定性的 distinction [dis'ti?k??n]
? n.差別,不同,對比,區(qū)分,辨別 Lesson 2
Building and Architecture Shelter ['?elt?] ? n.(名詞)
? Something that provides cover or protection, as from the weather.遮蓋物:提供遮蓋或保護(hù)的東西,如對付天氣
? A refuge;a haven.避難所;安全場所
? An establishment that provides temporary housing for homeless people.收容所:為無家可歸的人提供暫時棲息場所的機(jī)構(gòu)
? The state of being covered or protected.掩蔽,保護(hù):被包覆或保護(hù)的狀態(tài) ? v.(動詞)
? shel.tered,shel.ter.ing,shel.ters ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To provide cover or protection for.隱蔽:為…提供外殼或保護(hù) ? To invest(income)to protect it from taxation.投資(以逃稅):將(收入)投資以避免上稅
? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To take cover;find refuge.避難:隱匿;找到避難所 Dweller ['dwel?(r)]
? n.居住者, 居民 encompass ? [in'k?mp?s]
? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? en.com.passed,en.com.pass.ing,en.com.pass.es
? To form a circle or ring around;surround.See Synonyms at surround ? 圍繞:組成一圈或成環(huán)行;包圍參見 surround ? To enclose;envelop.包圍;包裝
? To constitute or include:構(gòu)成,包括:
? a survey that encompassed a wide range of participants.? 一份包括了廣泛參與人的評論 ? To accomplish;achieve.完成;獲得 Identical [ai'dentik?l]
? Being the same:同一的:
? Exactly equal and alike.完全相等的或相似的
? Having such a close similarity or resemblance as to be essentially equal or interchangeable.可互換的:十分類似或相象以至于本質(zhì)上相等的或能互換的
Outgrowth ['autgr?uθ]
? n.(名詞)
? The act or process of growing out.長出:長出的動作或過程 ? A product of growing out;an offshoot:長出物:長出物;分枝: ? an outgrowth of new shoots on a branch.枝條上分出的一個新枝 ? A result or consequence:產(chǎn)物:后果或結(jié)果:
? Inflation is an outgrowth of war.通貨膨脹是戰(zhàn)爭帶來的后果 Habitable ['h?bit?bl]
? adj.(形容詞)
? Suitable to live in or on;inhabitable適于居住或生活;可居住的 ? habitable land.適于居住的土地 tenancy ['ten?nsi]
? n.租佃, 租賃
? Possession or occupancy of lands, buildings, or other property by title, under a lease, or on payment of rent.租賃:通過租或支付租金來在名義上對土地、建筑或其它財產(chǎn)實(shí)施占有
? The period of a tenant's occupancy or possession.租期:租賃者所占用或擁有的時限 ? A habitation held or occupied by a tenant.租屋:被一房客占用或持有的居住場所 prestige ? [pres'ti:?,-'ti:d?] ? n.(名詞)
? The level of respect at which one is regarded by others;standing.聲望:被他人尊敬的程度;身份,名聲
? A person's high standing among others;honor or esteem.威望:在其它人中所具有的崇高名望;尊重或敬佩
? Widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance:有影響的:得到廣泛承認(rèn)的卓越,非凡,或重要:
? a position of prestige in diplomatic circles.在外交界具有重要的一席之地 ? n.attributive.(定語名詞)
? Often used to modify another noun:通常用來修飾另一名詞:
? a prestige address;the prestige groups in society.富有魅力的演說;社會中的名人圈 dictate ? [dik'teit]
? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To say or read aloud to be recorded or written by another: ? 口述:大聲說或念,由另一個人記錄或書寫: ? dictate a letter.? 讀信
? To prescribe with authority;impose: ? 命令,指示:權(quán)威性指示;強(qiáng)制實(shí)行: ? dictated the rules of the game.? 宣讀比賽規(guī)則
? To control or command: ? 控制,支配:控制或指揮 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To say or read aloud material to be recorded or written by another: ? 口述:大聲說或念材料,由另一個人記錄或抄寫: ? dictated for an hour before leaving for the day.? 在離開一天之前念一小時 ? To issue orders or commands.? 命令:頒布命令或指令 ? n.(名詞)? AHD:[d1k“t3t”]
? A directive;a command.? 指示;命令
? A guiding principle: ? 指導(dǎo)原則:
? followed the dictates of my conscience.? 接受我的良心的支配 parlance ? ['pɑ:l?ns] ? n.(名詞)
? A particular manner of speaking;idiom:說法,用語:一種講話的特定形式;習(xí)慣用語: ? legal parlance.法律用語
? Speech, especially a conversation or parley.談判,商談:尤指討論或辯論的談話 edifice ? ['edifis] ? n.(名詞)
? A building, especially one of imposing appearance or size.See Synonyms at building ? 建筑物:建筑物,尤指大規(guī)模且外觀宏偉的建筑物參見 building ? An elaborate conceptual structure: ? 大廈:精心建構(gòu)的理念結(jié)構(gòu):
? observations that provided the foundation for the edifice of evolutionary theory.? 觀察為進(jìn)化論的理論大廈打下了基礎(chǔ) span ? [sp?n]
? n.跨度, 跨距, 范圍 ? v.橫越 tensile ['tensail]
? a.可拉長的,可伸長的 interval ['int?v?l]
? n.間隔, 距離, 幕間休息 ? n.時間間隔 sturdy ['st?:di]
? adj.(形容詞)? stur.di.er,stur.di.est
? Having or showing rugged physical strength.強(qiáng)健的:身體健壯的,結(jié)實(shí)的 ? Substantially made or built;stout:堅(jiān)固的,耐用的: ? sturdy canvas.堅(jiān)固的篷車
? Marked by resoluteness or determination;firm:堅(jiān)決的,堅(jiān)定的,頑強(qiáng)的: ? sturdy resistance.頑強(qiáng)的抵抗 aesthetic [i:s'θetik] ? adj.(形容詞)
? Relating to the philosophy or theories of aesthetics.美學(xué)的:有關(guān)美學(xué)的哲學(xué)或理論的 ? Of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste:審美的:屬于或關(guān)于美的欣賞或有良好品味的:
? the aesthetic faculties.審美能力
? Characterized by a heightened sensitivity to beauty.美感的:對美具有高度敏感的 ? Artistic:藝術(shù)的:
? The play was an aesthetic success.這部戲劇是個藝術(shù)上的成功 Lintel ['lintl]
? n.[建]楣, 過梁 fibrous ['faibr?s]
? adj.含纖維的, 纖維性的 gridiron ['grid,ai?n]
? n.烤架, 格狀物 nave [neiv]
? n.中央廣場, 車輪的中心部 aisle [ail]
? n.(名詞)
? A part of a church divided laterally from the nave by a row of pillars or columns.? 側(cè)廊:用一排柱子將教堂的中殿從側(cè)面隔開的部分
? A passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane.? 通道:禮堂或飛機(jī)上座席間的通道
? A passageway for inside traffic, as in a department store, warehouse, or supermarket.? 內(nèi)部通道:商店、倉庫或超級市場的內(nèi)部車輛通道 Transept ['tr?nsept]
? n.教堂的十字型翼部
apse [?ps]
? n.教堂東面的半圓形凸出的建筑部分 radiate ['reidieit]
? v.放射,散發(fā),輻射 chapel ['t??p?l]
? n.小禮拜堂, 禮拜 Gothic ['g?θik]
? Of or relating to an architectural style prevalent in western Europe from the 12th through the 15th century and characterized by pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses.? 哥特式的:流行于西歐的12世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)的一種建筑風(fēng)格的,特征是有尖角的拱門,肋形拱頂和飛拱
cathedral [k?'θi:dr?l]
? n.大教堂
module ['m?dju:l] n.組件
crave [kreiv]
? v.渴望,熱望,懇求
balustrade [,b?l?'streid] n.欄桿
imperceptibly [,imp?'sept?bli]
adv.極微小地,逐步地,察覺不到地, 微細(xì)地 edifice ['edifis]
? n.大廈,大建筑物 intermediate [,int?'mi:dj?t]
? adj.中級的,中間的 ? n.中間體,媒介物 colonnade [,k?l?'neid] n.柱廊
Versailles [v??'sai, v?:'seilz]
? n.凡爾賽(宮)[法國] perceive [p?'si:v]
? v.察覺,感覺,認(rèn)知,理解 inherent [in'hi?r?nt]
? adj.內(nèi)在的,固有的identifiable [ai'dentifai?bl]
? adj.可辨認(rèn)的aspiration [,?sp?'rei??n]
? n.熱望,渴望
? A strong desire for high achievement.建立豐功偉績的強(qiáng)烈愿望 ? An object of such desire;an ambition.渴望達(dá)到的目標(biāo);雄心 incarnation [,inkɑ:'nei??n]
? n.賦與肉體,具人形,化身
Reading Material(2)
? Pei Ieoh Ming ? Canton [?k?nt?n] n.廣州 shunt [??nt] ? shunt.ed,shunt.ing,shuntsv.tr.(及物動詞)
? To turn or move aside or onto another course:分流,使轉(zhuǎn)向一邊:轉(zhuǎn)向或運(yùn)動到一邊或另一條路徑:
? shunting traffic around an accident.在事故發(fā)生地附近分流交通
? To evade by putting aside or ignoring:避開:把…撇在一邊或視而不見:
? urgent problems that society can no longer shunt aside.社會再也無法回避的緊急問題 matriculate[m?'trikjuleit]
? v.tr.intr.(及物動詞和不及物動詞)
? ma.tric.u.lat.ed,ma.tric.u.lat.ing,ma.tric.u.lates ? To admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college or university.被錄取入學(xué):允許或被允許進(jìn)入組織,尤其是學(xué)院或大學(xué) ? n.(名詞)
? One who is admitted as a student to a college or university.被錄取入學(xué)者:允許做為學(xué)生進(jìn)入學(xué)院或大學(xué)讀書的人
? notably ['n??tb?li] ad.顯著地(著名地,值得注意地,格外,特別是)? era [?i?r?] n.紀(jì)元,時代,年代 ? mentor [?ment?:] n.指導(dǎo)者
? permeate [?p?:mieit] v.彌漫,滲透,普及 ? tutelage [?tju:tilid?] n.監(jiān)護(hù),指導(dǎo)
? pluck [pl?k] n.勇氣,猛拉,動物內(nèi)臟;v.摘,猛拉,拔 ? aggressive [??gresiv] a.侵犯的,攻擊性的,有進(jìn)取心的 ? formative [?f?:m?tiv] a.形成的,造形的,形成的 ? thrust [θr?st] n.推力,刺,力推;v.插入,推擠,刺 ? thrive [θraiv] v.興旺,繁榮
Lesson 3 Components of A Building exposition [,eksp?'zi??n]
? n.博覽會, 展覽會, 說明, 曝露, [戲]展示部分, [音]呈示部
? A setting forth of meaning or intent.說明:對意思或意圖的闡述
? A statement or rhetorical discourse intended to give information about or an explanation of difficult material.講解:為了給…提供信息陳述或比喻性的說明,或?qū)τ须y點(diǎn)的題材的解釋
? The art or technique of composing such discourses.說明性講話:表現(xiàn)這種演說的行為或方法
? Music 【音樂】 The first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the themes.呈示部:奏嗚曲式音樂作品中表現(xiàn)主旋律的第一部分The opening section of a fugue.賦格曲的開始部分
? The part of a play that provides the background information needed to understand the characters and the action.展示部分:戲劇的一部分,用來展示幫助理解人物和表演的背景信息
? An act or example of exposing.暴露:暴露的行為或事例
? A public exhibition or show, as of artistic or industrial developments.展覽會,博覽會:一種公共展覽會或展覽,如表現(xiàn)藝術(shù)或工業(yè)的發(fā)展
summit ['s?mit]
? The highest point or part;the top.頂點(diǎn),最高點(diǎn):最高的點(diǎn)或部分;頂端
? The highest level or degree that can be attained.頂點(diǎn),極點(diǎn):能夠達(dá)到的最高的水平或程度
? The highest level, as of government officials.最高級:最高級別,如政府官員的最高官階
? A summit conference.最高級會議 hydraulic [hai'dr?:lik] ? adj.(形容詞)Of, involving, moved by, or operated by a fluid, especially water, under pressure.水力的,水壓的:壓力下的液體(尤指的水)的、涉及到液體的、靠液體移動或操作的
? Able to set and harden under water, as Portland cement.在水中變硬的:能在水下定型并變硬的,如波特蘭水泥
? Of or relating to hydraulics.水力學(xué)的:水力學(xué)的或與水力學(xué)有關(guān)的 cast-iron ['kɑ:st'ai?n]
a.鑄鐵的, 堅(jiān)固的, 嚴(yán)格的 perimeter [p?'rimit?]
? Mathematics 【數(shù)學(xué)】
? A closed curve bounding a plane area.周界:圍繞一平面域的封閉性邊界 ? The length of such a boundary.周長:此類邊界的長度 ? The outer limits of an area.See Synonyms at circumference ? 一區(qū)域的外限參見 circumference ? A fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military position.周界:筑有防御工事的地帶或邊界,常用以保護(hù)一軍事地點(diǎn)
transparent [tr?ns'p??r?nt]
? Capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material.See Synonyms at clear 透明的:能夠傳送光線因此可以清楚地看到物體或圖像的,仿佛沒間隔材料一樣參見 clear ? Permeable to electromagnetic radiation of specified frequencies, as to visible light or radio waves.可透過的:可以讓某些頻率的電磁輻射通過的,如可見光或無線電波 ? So fine in texture that it can be seen through;sheer.See Synonyms at airy 透過的:質(zhì)地精良并可以讓視線透過的;透明的參見 airy ? Easily seen through or detected;obvious:顯而易見的:很容易被看穿或識破的;明顯的: ? transparent lies.明顯的謊言
? Free from guile;candid or open:直率的:不偽裝的;真誠的或開放的: ? transparent sincerity.無比的坦誠 opaque [?u'peik]
? Impenetrable by light;neither transparent nor translucent.不透光的:不能被光線穿透的;既不透明也不是半透明的
? Not reflecting light;having no luster:不反射光線的,沒有光澤的: ? an opaque finish.一種絕光的涂料
? Impenetrable by a form of radiant energy other than visible light:放射線不能穿透的:能阻擋可見光之外的各種輻射的:
? a chemical solution opaque to x-rays.一種X光不能穿透的化學(xué)物質(zhì),? So obscure as to be unintelligible:晦澀以至于難以理解的: ? “opaque, elusive, minimal meanings”(John Simon)“不清楚,含糊,難以明白的意思”(約翰·西蒙)? Obtuse of mind;dense.See Synonyms at dark 愚鈍的;愚笨的參見 dark corrugate ['k?rugeit]
? cor.ru.gat.ed,cor.ru.gat.ing,cor.ru.gates ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and grooves.起皺:使起皺,使有平行或變化的邊或槽 ? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To become shaped into such folds or ridges and grooves:使起皺:變得有這種皺、邊或槽:
duct [d?kt]
? n.管, 輸送管, 排泄管 ? vt.通過管道輸送 ? conduit ['k?ndit] ? n.導(dǎo)管,水管,溝渠 ancillary [?n'sil?ri]
? Subordinate:從屬的:
? “For Degas, sculpture was never more than ancillary to his painting”(Herbert Read)“對于德加來說,雕刻不過是從屬于繪畫的一門藝術(shù)”(赫伯特·里德)? Auxiliary;helping:輔助的;補(bǔ)充的: ? an ancillary pump.輔助泵 ? n.(名詞)【復(fù)數(shù)】 an.cil.lar.ies ? Something, such as a workbook, that is subordinate to something else, such as a textbook.附屬物:從屬于其它東西的物品,如參考書屬于教材
conceal [k?n'si:l]
? con.cealed,con.ceal.ing,con.ceals ? To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered;hide.See Synonyms at hide ? 隱藏:防止被看見、找到、觀察到或發(fā)現(xiàn);隱藏 dispense [dis'pens]
? dis.pensed,dis.pens.ing,dis.pens.es ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To deal out in parts or portions;distribute.See Synonyms at distribute 分配,分發(fā):分成幾部分或幾份;分配參見 distribute ? To prepare and give out(medicines).配(藥):準(zhǔn)備并給出(藥)To administer(laws, for example).? 實(shí)施、執(zhí)行(如法律)
? To exempt or release, as from a duty or religious obligation.免除或豁免,如職責(zé)或宗教義務(wù)
? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? To grant a dispensation or an exemption.特許,豁免 stratification [,str?tifi'kei??n]
? n.(名詞)
? Formation or deposition of layers, as of rock or sediments.分層:巖石或沉積物的層的形成或沉淀
? The condition of being stratified.分層:被分層的狀態(tài) ? A layered configuration.層理:成層的形狀 silt [silt] n.淤泥
? clay [klei] n.粘土,泥土
? gravel [?gr?v?l] n.碎石 v.鋪碎石,使困惑 impose [im'p?uz] v.加上,課征,強(qiáng)迫,征收(稅款)im.posed,im.pos.ing,im.pos.es v.tr.(及物動詞)
To establish or apply as compulsory;levy:課收,征收:強(qiáng)制地建立或運(yùn)用;征收: impose a tax.征稅
impose a peace settlement.See Synonyms at dictate 強(qiáng)制推行和平解決參見 dictate To obtrude or force(oneself, for example)on another or others.強(qiáng)人所難:強(qiáng)迫(某人)接受或者把(如自己)強(qiáng)加于別人頭上
? Printing To arrange(type or plates)on an imposing stone.【印刷術(shù)】 把…拼版:把(鉛字或底片)排列到拼版臺上
? To offer or circulate fraudulently;pass off:詐騙:欺騙性地提供或傳播;冒充: heave [hi:v]
? heaved,heav.ing,heaves ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? To raise or lift, especially with great effort or force:舉起,升起:提起或提高,尤指努力地或使勁地:
? heaved the box of books onto the table.See Synonyms at lift 把裝有書的箱子提起放到桌子上參見 lift ? To throw(a heavy object)with great effort;hurl:投,擲:用力投擲(某一沉重物體);用力投擲:
? heave the shot;heaved a brick through the window.推擲鉛球;擲磚塊穿窗而過 ? To throw or toss:扔,拋:
? heaved his backpack into the corner.他把背包往角落里一扔
? To utter with effort or pain:發(fā)出(嘆息,呻吟等):努力或痛苦地說出: ? heaved a groan of despair.發(fā)出絕望的呻吟 uneven ['?ni:v?n]
? un.e.ven.er,un.e.ven.est ? Not equal, as in size, length, or quality.不相等的,如在尺寸、長度或質(zhì)量上 ? Having ill-matched opponents:不勢均力敵的:有不良匹配對手的: ? an uneven contest.力量懸殊的比賽
? Not consistent or uniform:不一致的或不均勻的: ? an uneven color.不均勻的顏色
? Not smooth or level:不平滑的,不平的:
? the uneven surface of a cobblestone road.See Synonyms at rough ? 大卵石路不平的路面參見 rough ? Not straight or parallel:不直的,不平行的: ? uneven margins.不直的邊緣 exemplify [ig'zemplifai]
? ex.em.pli.fied,ex.em.pli.fy.ing,ex.em.pli.fies ? To illustrate by example:舉例說明: ? exemplify an argument.提供爭論的例子 ? To serve as an example of:作為…例子:
? scenes that exemplify the film director's style.場景體現(xiàn)了影片導(dǎo)演的風(fēng)格 partition [pɑ:'ti??n] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? n.(名詞)The act or process of dividing something into parts.分割,分裂:把某些事物分割成幾部分的行為或過程
? The state of being so divided.分割,分裂:被分開的狀態(tài)
? Something that divides or separates, as a wall dividing one room or cubicle from another.分隔物:分開或隔離的事物,如把一間屋子或小臥室與其它的房間隔開的墻
? A wall, septum, or other separating membrane in an organism.隔膜:器官內(nèi)的壁、隔膜或其它隔離薄膜
? A part or section into which something has been divided.部分,分割物:某物被分割成的部分或段
? Division of a country into separate, autonomous nations.? 分裂:把一個國家分割成獨(dú)立的、自治的幾個國家 raft [rɑ:ft]
? n.筏, 救生艇, 橡皮船, 大量 ? vi.乘筏
? vt.筏運(yùn), 制成筏 mat [m?t]
? n.席子, 墊子 ? v.鋪席子
Lesson 16 Foundations footing ['futi?]
? Secure placement of the feet in standing or moving.立足點(diǎn):在站立或移動時腳停歇的安全地方
? A surface or its condition with respect to its suitability for walking or running, especially the condition of a racetrack.平面,狀況:考慮是否符合走或跑的平面或狀況,尤其作為跑道條件的場地
? A secure place for the feet;a foothold.立足處:支撐腳的安全地方;立足處 ? The act of moving on foot.走路,跑步:徒步前進(jìn)的動作
? Architecture The supporting base or groundwork of a structure, as for a monument or wall.Also called footer 【建筑學(xué)】 地基:建筑中的支撐面或地基,如一座紀(jì)念碑或一堵墻也作 footer ? A basis or foundation:基點(diǎn)或基礎(chǔ):
? a business begun on a good footing.這家公司建立在一個穩(wěn)固的基礎(chǔ)上
? Position or rank in relation to others;standing:地位,立場:與他人關(guān)系中的位置或等級;立場:
? Everyone began on an equal footing.人人以平等關(guān)系交往 ? Terms of social interaction:關(guān)系,交情:社會交往術(shù)語: ? neighbors on a friendly footing.有良好關(guān)系的鄰居 mat [m?t] ? n.墊,叢,襯邊 slab [sl?b]
? n.厚平板, 厚片, 混凝土路面, 板層 ? v.把...分成厚片, 用石板鋪 caisson ['keis?n]
? n.彈藥箱(車), 沉箱(橋梁工程)trapezoidal [,tr?pi'z?id?l]
? 梯形的 drill [dril]
? n.鉆孔機(jī),鉆子,播種機(jī) ? v.訓(xùn)練,鉆孔 strap [str?p]
? n.繩,皮帶 ? v.用繩索捆扎 retention [ri'ten??n]
? n.(名詞)
? The act of retaining.保持:保持的行為
? The condition of being retained.保留,滯留:被保持的狀態(tài) ? Capacity or power of retaining.保持力,持續(xù)力
? An ability to recall or recognize what has been learned or experienced;memory.記憶力:記起或認(rèn)識出已經(jīng)學(xué)過或經(jīng)歷過的事物的能力;記憶力 ? Something retained.被保持物 frost [fr?st, fr?:st]
susceptibility [s?,sept?'biliti]
? 霜凍敏感性 wherein [(h)w??r'in]
? adv.(副詞)In what way;how:以…方式;在…方面怎樣: ? Wherein have we sinned?我們怎樣就犯了罪了呢? ? conj.(連接詞)In which location;where:在那里;在那個所在地: ? the country wherein those people live.那些人所居住的國家 ? During which.在…期間
? In what way;how:在…面怎樣:
? showed them wherein they were wrong.告訴他們錯在哪兒了 sump ? n.(名詞)A low-lying place, such as a pit, that receives drainage.聚水坑,污水坑:用于容納污水的低地,如坑 ? A cesspool.污水滲井
? A hole at the lowest point of a mine shaft into which water is drained in order to be pumped out.集水坑:礦井坑道中最低點(diǎn)的一個坑或洞,用來存集廢水以便用水泵排出礦井
? The crankcase or oil reservoir of an internal-combustion engine.油底殼,油箱:內(nèi)燃發(fā)動機(jī)的曲軸箱或罐
dewater ? de.wat.ered,de.wat.er.ing,de.wat.ers ? To remove water from(a waste product or streambed, for example).? 使脫水:除去…的水分(例如廢品或河床)electroosmosis ? osmosis [?z?m?usis] n.滲透作用,滲透性 ? n.[物]電滲 cutoff ['k?t?:f] ? n.(名詞)A designated limit or point of termination.截止期:指定的期限或終結(jié)點(diǎn) ? A shortcut or bypass.近路,捷徑
? A new channel cut by a river across the neck of an oxbow.截彎取直水道:河流穿越U形河曲的頸項(xiàng)處而截出新的水道
? The act or an instance of cutting off:切斷:切斷的行為或事例: ? a cutoff of funds;an electricity cutoff.資金的中斷;一次停電 grout ? n.(名詞)A thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices in masonry.薄灰漿:用來填充磚石建筑中縫隙的薄灰漿
? A thin plaster for finishing walls and ceilings.薄膠漿:粉飾墻壁或天花板的稀薄泥漿 ? Often grouts Chiefly British Sediment;lees.常作 grouts 【多用于英國】 沉淀物;渣滓 ? v.tr.(及物動詞)
? grout.ed,grout.ing,grouts ? To fill or finish with a thin mortar or plaster.給灌漿;給涂薄膠泥:用薄灰漿或薄泥漿充填或粉飾
periphery [p?'rif?ri]
? n.(名詞)【復(fù)數(shù)】 pe.riph.er.ies ? A line that forms the boundary of an area;a perimeter.See Synonyms at circumference 邊界:形成某地區(qū)界限的線;圍界參見 circumference ? The surface of a solid.外表面:固體的表面
? The outermost part or region within a precise boundary.邊緣地帶:在一個精確邊界內(nèi)部的最外部分或地區(qū)
? A zone constituting an imprecise boundary.包括不精確邊界的地區(qū) subside [s?b'said]
? v.intr.(不及物動詞)
? sub.sid.ed,sub.sid.ing,sub.sides ? To sink to a lower or normal level.沉降:降到低一層次上或降到正常水平之下 ? To sink or settle down, as into a sofa.坐下:躺下,如坐入沙發(fā)中 ? To sink to the bottom, as a sediment.沉到底:如沉淀物沉到底
? To become less agitated or active;abate.See Synonyms at decrease平靜下來,平息參見
decrease hydrostatic ? adj.靜水力學(xué)的, 流體靜力學(xué)的 backfill v.裝填
第二篇:專業(yè)英語單詞
Chapter1IntroductiontoIndustrial Engineering
* industrial engineering:工業(yè)工程*manufacturing industry:制造業(yè) * production system:生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)*service system:服務(wù)系統(tǒng)
* efficiency:效率*effectiveness:效果
* curricula: 課程(or curriculum)*harmonioussociety:和諧社會 * IE graduates:工業(yè)工程畢業(yè)生(IEs)*IE engineers:工業(yè)工程師(IEs)* facility:設(shè)備、設(shè)施* health-care delivery: 衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù) * discipline:學(xué)科* methodology:方法
* literature:文獻(xiàn)
* economic and knowledge-based era:知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時代* specialty:專業(yè)
* feedback:反饋* hand in hand :合作
* inclined plane:斜面* corkscrew: 螺絲刀
* simple lever:單杠桿* friction: 摩擦
* molecular:分子的* electricity: 電、電學(xué)、電流、電氣 * thermal process:熱處理* manipulate:處理,使用,操縱 * variable:變量* Pythagorean theorem:勾股定理 * hypotenuse:斜邊(hypothesis:假設(shè))* lag:落后,延遲
* impede:妨礙,阻止* civil engineering:土木工程 * military:軍事的* fortification:防御工事 * mechanical engineering:機(jī)械工程* steam engine:蒸汽機(jī)
* culminate:達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)* electrical engineering:電氣工程 * magnetism:磁學(xué)* static electricity:靜電學(xué) * carbon-filament:鎢絲
* transmission:傳送transportation:運(yùn)輸 transformation :轉(zhuǎn)換
* fuel:燃料dye:染料lubricant:潤滑劑* internal combustion engine:內(nèi)燃機(jī) * artificial material:人工材料* assiduity:勤奮、刻苦
* interchangeability:互換性* specialization: 專業(yè)化
* standardization: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化
* institute of industrial engineers:工業(yè)工程師學(xué)會(IIE)
* physical science:自然科學(xué)(natural science)
* productive:有生產(chǎn)價值的、多產(chǎn)的* cost-effective:有成本效益的、劃算的Chapter 2 Work Study
* microcosmic: 微觀的* macrocosm:宏觀世界 * diagnose:診斷* method study:方法研究 * work measurement:作業(yè)測定* process analysis:程序分析 * operation analysis:作業(yè)分析* motion analysis:動作分析 * standard data:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資料* time study:時間研究
* work sampling:工作抽樣
* Pmts: predetermined motion time system:預(yù)定動作時間系統(tǒng)
* ASME: American society of mechanical engineers:美國機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會
* inconsistency:不一致* fatigue:疲勞
* operation process chart: 工藝程序圖* flow process chart:流程程序圖 * flow diagram:線路圖* man-machine process chart:人機(jī)程序圖 * gang process chart:聯(lián)合程序圖* two-hand process chart:雙手程序圖 * repetition:重復(fù)、復(fù)制品* chronological:嚴(yán)密邏輯的 * bench:工作臺* consecutive: 連續(xù)的 * shroud:罩、遮蔽物* turbine:渦輪機(jī)、汽輪機(jī) * blade:刀片、葉片* convolute:回旋的、彎曲的 * work piece:工件
* EDM: electron discharge machining:放電加工
* synchronous:同步的* jig:夾具
* notch: V型凹槽、切口* file:銼刀
* otiose:無效的、多余的* threbligs:動素
* pivot:軸、支點(diǎn)、中心點(diǎn)* knuckle:指關(guān)節(jié) * wrist:腕關(guān)節(jié)* elbow:肘關(guān)節(jié)
* forearm:前臂* upper arm:大臂
* trunk:軀干torso
* motion economy principles:動作經(jīng)濟(jì)原則* symmetrical:對稱、勻稱 * simultaneously:同時地* momentum:動量
* muscle:肌肉* ballistic:自然帶弧形的 * pre-positioned:預(yù)放在工作位置上* gravity feed:重力自流進(jìn)料 * bin:有蓋大箱* drop delivery:墮送裝置 * ejector:斜槽、導(dǎo)軌* crank:曲柄
* screwdriver:螺絲刀* crossbar:十字杠
Chapter 3Manufacturing Systems
* automation:自動化* material handling :物料搬運(yùn) * synthesize:綜合* integrated equipment:集成設(shè)備* raw material:原材料* positioning device:定位裝置 * semi-automatic:半自動化* full automated:全自動化
* family:簇* production line:生產(chǎn)線
* fixture:固定設(shè)備、夾具* hardware:硬件
* machine tool:機(jī)床* lathe:車床
* milling machine:銑床
* workstation:工作站
* assembly line:裝配線
* discrete:離散的* work unit:工件
* pallet:托盤
* vicinity:鄰近
* workholder:工件夾具
* clamp:夾住
* conveyor:輸送機(jī)
* parts feeder:送料器
* stamp:沖壓
* automatic pallet changer:自動托盤轉(zhuǎn)換裝置
* job shop production:車間任務(wù)型生產(chǎn)
* identical:相同的* flexible manufacturing system:柔性制造系統(tǒng)
* coordination:協(xié)調(diào)
* computerized numerical control
* resharpen:重磨
* geometry:幾何形狀
* prismatic:棱柱的* cube:立方體
* work-in-process:在制品
* exaggeration:夸張
* infrastructure:基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
* drill press:鉆床* portable powered tool:便攜式電動工具 * machine cell:機(jī)器單元* ancillary:輔助的、附屬的 * mechanized:機(jī)械化的 * tote bin:搬運(yùn)箱 * workhead:工作臺、機(jī)臺 * orient:定向* chuck:卡盤 * hoist:起重機(jī) * coil feeder:卷料進(jìn)料器 * unimpeded:無障礙的 * ergonomically:工效學(xué)地* batch production:批量生產(chǎn) * group technology:成組技術(shù)* portray:描繪* CNC machine tools:計算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床* malfunction:故障* parameter:參數(shù)* cylindrical:圓柱的* rectangular:矩形的* scheme:計劃、設(shè)計* sophisticated:復(fù)雜的、世故的* profound:深刻的* irrespective:不考慮的Chapter 4Service Systems
* intangiblity:無形性* simultaneous:同時的* consumption:消費(fèi)* timeliness:及時性
* attruibute:屬性* perishable:易逝的* occurrence:事件* synonymous:同義的* servitude:奴役* flip:輕拋
* department store:百貨公司* insurance:保險
* real estate:房地產(chǎn)* miscellaneous:各種的,混雜的 * retail:零售* mine:采礦
* negative:負(fù)的* military and defense industry:軍事國防業(yè)
* appetite:欲望
* geriatric:老年的* cyclic:循環(huán)的* sacrifice:犧牲
* falter:動蕩
* defer:推遲
* ethic:倫理、文化
* germinate:發(fā)生
* adhesive:粘合劑
* world wide web:萬維網(wǎng)
* competitive:有競爭力的* technocrat:技術(shù)專家
* annual:每年的* income tax:所得稅
* clinical:臨床的* deposit:儲蓄
* after-hours:下班后的* engagement:預(yù)約、約定
* surgery:外科手術(shù)
* matrix:矩陣
* capital-intensity:資金密集度
* horizontal dimension:水平坐標(biāo)
* resort:度假
* physician:醫(yī)生
* architect:建筑師
* illustrate:用圖說明
* customer participation:顧客參與
* perishbility:易逝性
* downsize:縮減規(guī)模 * influx:流入 * insatiable:不知足的* day care:日托* employment:職業(yè)、工作、雇用 * recession-resistant:抗衰退的* commission:傭金* fix up:維修* innovation:創(chuàng)新* post-it:記事貼* glue:膠水* commerce:商業(yè)* modem:調(diào)制解調(diào)器* market:市場、行銷* statement:報表、陳述* millennium:千年* dry-leaning:干洗* laundry:洗衣店、洗衣房* drop-off:數(shù)量減少的* open-heart:心內(nèi)視* demonstrate:描述* labor intensity:勞動密集度* vertical dimension:縱坐標(biāo)* wholesale:批發(fā)* recreation:娛樂* accountant:會計師* quadrant:象限* undifferentiated:無差別的* simultaneity:同時性* heterogeneity:多樣性
Chapter 5 Production Planning and Control
* production planning:生產(chǎn)計劃* production process:生產(chǎn)過程 * due date:交貨期* inventory control:庫存控制 * luggage:行李* reservation:預(yù)定
* budget:預(yù)算* formulate:闡述、制定 * factory layout:工廠布局* intermittent:間歇的* forward-looking visionary: 愿景* profitability:收益率 * order lots:訂單批量、訂貨量* forge:鍛造
* weld:焊接* foundry:鑄造
* unpredictable:不可預(yù)報的* flapped operation:節(jié)拍式加工 * partition:分割* process layout:工藝布局 * product layout:產(chǎn)品布局* cellular layout:單元式布局 * hybrid layout:混合式布局* fabrication:制造
* product life cycle: 產(chǎn)品生命周期* jumbled:混合的、混亂的 * locomotive:火車頭* vessel:船只
* dam:水壩* adage:格言
* template:模板* hindrance:妨礙
* ample:足夠的、充裕的* debris:碎片、瓦礫
Chapter 6Logistics Engineering
* logistics:物流
* MIT: 麻省理工學(xué)院massachusettes institute of technology
* saturation:飽和* distribution:分銷、配送 * warehouse:倉庫、倉儲* normative:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的* package:包裝* accrue:增值
* cutback:縮減* appropriation: 占用 * engulf:吞沒* E-business:電子商務(wù) * procurement:采購
* electronic data interchange:電子數(shù)據(jù)交換
* supply chain:供應(yīng)鏈* team spirit:團(tuán)隊(duì)精神 * circulate:循環(huán)、流通
* economic globalization:經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化* acqusition:并購
* alliance:聯(lián)盟* third-party logistics:第三方物流 * competitiveness:競爭力
* Communication Techniques in Logistics
* bar code:條形碼
* GIS:地理信息系統(tǒng)gerographic information systems
* GPRS:通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù) general packet radio service
* GPS:全球定位系統(tǒng)global postion system
* RFID:無線射頻技術(shù)radio frequency identification
* POS:銷售時點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)point of sale system
* EOS:電子訂貨系electronic ordering system
Chapter 7 Ergonomics
* ergonomics:工效學(xué)* human factor:人因 * instrument:儀器、器械* muscle:肌肉
* fatigue:疲勞* inevitable:不可避免的 * align:適應(yīng)* cognitive:認(rèn)知的 * physiology:生理學(xué)* psychology:心理學(xué)
* multi-disciplinary:多學(xué)科性質(zhì)的* anthropometry:人體測量學(xué) * cockpit:飛機(jī)座艙、駕駛員座艙* feat:技藝、合適的 * nutrition:營養(yǎng)* thermal:熱量的 * vibration:振動* high-tech:高科技
* anatomical:解剖的* biomechanical:生物力學(xué)的 * musculoskeletal disorder:肌骨失調(diào)* inclusive design:全方位設(shè)計 * acoustics:聲學(xué)* navigation:導(dǎo)航
* frustration:挫敗* practitioner:開業(yè)者 * sensory:感覺的* long and short-term memory:長短時記憶* interface:界面、接口 * human-centered design:以人為中心設(shè)計
* substandard:低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的* repetitive strain injury:重復(fù)性勞損 * work related upper limb disorder:工作引起的上肢功能障礙* percentile:百分位
Chapter 8 Quality Management
* reliability:可靠性* maintainability:可維護(hù)性
* fitness for use:適用性* customer satisfaction:顧客滿意 * specification:規(guī)范* tolerance:容許偏差
* monetary:貨幣的、金融的* quality of design:設(shè)計質(zhì)量 * quality of conformance:符合性質(zhì)量* overengineer:高于工程要求的 * underengineer:低于工程要求的* gauge:計量器
* technical committee:技術(shù)委員會
* international accreditation forum:國際認(rèn)證論壇* certification:認(rèn)證 * registrar:注冊人員* audit:審計
* trivial:瑣碎的* template:模型
* workshop:車間、研討會* seminar:研討班
* demonstrate:示范、說明* preliminary:預(yù)備的、初級的 * reproach:責(zé)備、譴責(zé)* forcible:強(qiáng)制的、有說服力的 * statistic:統(tǒng)計的* six sigma methodology:6δ法 * standard deviation:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差* division:部門、分配、分開 * opportunity:缺陷機(jī)會* transaction:業(yè)務(wù)、交易 * metrics:度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)律* instructor:講師、教練 * incentive:鼓勵* affiliate:隸屬于
* literacy:讀寫能力* checksheet:檢查表 * pareto chart:排列圖* plot:以圖的形式表示 * histogram:直方圖* dispersion:分散性 * scatter diagram:散布圖* observe value:觀察值 * cause and effect diagram:因果圖* fish bone diagram:魚骨圖 * specs:規(guī)范、規(guī)格* morale:士氣、紀(jì)律
第三篇:土木工程專業(yè)
土木工程專業(yè)
培養(yǎng)掌握各類土木工程學(xué)科的基本理論和基本知識,能在房屋建筑、地下建筑(含礦井建筑)、道路、隧道、橋梁建筑、水電站、港口及近海結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)施、給水排水和地基處理等領(lǐng)域從事規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、施工、管理和研究工作的高級工程技術(shù)人才。
編輯本段土木概況
其所謂的土木。是指一切和水、土、文化有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的計劃、建造和維修。現(xiàn)時一般的土木工作項(xiàng)目包括:道路、水務(wù)、渠務(wù)、防洪工程及交通等。過去曾經(jīng)將一切非軍事用途的民用工程項(xiàng)目,歸類入本類,但隨著工程科學(xué)日益廣闊,不少原來屬于土木工程范圍的內(nèi)容都已經(jīng)獨(dú)立成科。目前,從狹義定義上來說,土木工程(Civil Engineering)也就是民用工程,即建筑工程(或稱結(jié)構(gòu)工程)、橋梁與隧道工程、巖土工程、公路與城市道路、鐵路工程等這個小范圍。
編輯本段專業(yè)介紹
業(yè)務(wù)培養(yǎng)要求
本專業(yè)學(xué)生主要學(xué)習(xí)工程力學(xué)、巖土工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、市政工程、給水排水工程和水利工程學(xué)科的基本理論和知識,受到工程制圖、工程測量、計算機(jī)應(yīng)用、專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及施工實(shí)踐等方面的基本訓(xùn)練,以及具備從事建筑工程、交通土建工程、水利水電工程、港口工程、海岸工程和給水排水:工程的規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、施工、管理及相關(guān)研究工作的能力。獲得知識能力
畢業(yè)生應(yīng)獲得以下幾方面的知識和能力:
1.具有較扎實(shí)的自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ),較好的人文社會科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和外語語言綜合能力
2.掌握工程力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、巖土力學(xué)、工程地質(zhì)學(xué)和工程制圖的基本理論與基本知識
3.掌握建筑材料、結(jié)構(gòu)計算、構(gòu)件設(shè)計、地基處理、給水排水工程和計算機(jī)應(yīng)用方面的基本知識、原理、方法與技能,初步具有從事土建結(jié)構(gòu)工程的設(shè)計與研究工作的能力
4.掌握建筑機(jī)械、電工學(xué)、工程測量、施工技術(shù)與施工組織、工程監(jiān)測、工程概預(yù)算以及工程招標(biāo)等方面的基本知識、基本技能,初步具有從事工程施工、管理和研究工作的能力
5.熟悉各類土木工程的建設(shè)方針、政策和法規(guī)
6.了解土木工程各主干學(xué)科的理論前沿和發(fā)展動態(tài)
7.掌握文獻(xiàn)檢索和資料查詢的基本方法,具有一定的科學(xué)研究和實(shí)際工作能力。
第四篇:土木工程專業(yè)
國各大學(xué)土木工程專業(yè)簡介
全國共有188所大學(xué)開設(shè)土木工程專業(yè),92所大學(xué)招收土木工程研究生,70所大學(xué)有結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士以上學(xué)位授予權(quán),51所大學(xué)有巖土工程碩士以上學(xué)位授予權(quán),30所大學(xué)有防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程碩士以上學(xué)位授予權(quán),23所大學(xué)有橋梁與隧道工程碩士以上學(xué)位授予權(quán)。
清華大學(xué) 有結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程、材料學(xué)博士點(diǎn),并有土木工程一級學(xué)科博士學(xué)位授予權(quán),結(jié)構(gòu)工程(聯(lián)合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程)是國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科。中國工程院院士2人,教授23人,副教授24人,講師8人,目前在校本科生300多名,研究生200多名。
同濟(jì)大學(xué) 中國科學(xué)院院士和中國工程院院士5人、博士生導(dǎo)師55人、碩士生導(dǎo)師105人、正高級職稱98人、副高級職稱135人。設(shè)有10個碩士點(diǎn)、7個博士點(diǎn),設(shè)有土木工程博士后流動站。橋梁工程學(xué)科為上海市“重中之重”重點(diǎn)學(xué)科, 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程學(xué)科為上海市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科;橋梁與隧道工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程三個二級學(xué)科為全國重點(diǎn)學(xué)科。
浙江大學(xué) 巖土工程學(xué)科為國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科;結(jié)構(gòu)工程學(xué)科為浙江省重點(diǎn)學(xué)科;土木工程博士后流動站;土木工程一級學(xué)科博士點(diǎn)(涵蓋結(jié)構(gòu)工程,巖土工程,市政工程,橋梁與隧道工程,防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程,供熱、供燃?xì)狻⑼L(fēng)及空調(diào)工程等6個二級學(xué)科博士點(diǎn))
哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程與防護(hù)工程碩士點(diǎn)學(xué)科,結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程與防護(hù)工程和巖土工程博士點(diǎn)學(xué)科;土木工程一級學(xué)科博士后流動站;結(jié)構(gòu)工程學(xué)科設(shè)有“長江學(xué)者獎勵計劃”特聘教授崗位。
重慶大學(xué) 土木工程一級學(xué)科博士點(diǎn)及所覆蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程、橋梁與隧道工程、土木水利施工二級學(xué)科博士學(xué)位授予點(diǎn),現(xiàn)有博士導(dǎo)師12人。并設(shè)有土木工程一級學(xué)科博士后科研流動站。結(jié)構(gòu)工程和巖土工程為建設(shè)部及重慶市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科,防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程為重慶市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科。
西安建筑科技大學(xué) 教授28人,副教授,高級工程師43人,土木工程學(xué)院所屬的實(shí)驗(yàn)室有結(jié)構(gòu)與抗震實(shí)驗(yàn)室和巖土工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室,其中結(jié)構(gòu)與抗震實(shí)驗(yàn)室為陜西省和原冶金部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,結(jié)構(gòu)工程國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科,土木工程一級學(xué)科博士后科研流動站。
天津大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程、橋梁與隧道工程、巖土工程有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)
東南大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程學(xué)科為江蘇省重點(diǎn)學(xué)科、中國工程院院士1名,教授29名,博士生導(dǎo)師17名
太原理工大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程博士點(diǎn),防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程碩士點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程為省重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
上海交通大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士點(diǎn),巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程碩士點(diǎn)
北京工業(yè)大學(xué) 工程減災(zāi)與結(jié)構(gòu)檢測實(shí)驗(yàn)室、交通工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室和水質(zhì)科學(xué)與水環(huán)境恢復(fù)工程是北京市重點(diǎn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室?,F(xiàn)有6個本、??茖I(yè)和方向,11個碩士學(xué)位授權(quán)學(xué)科,其中交通工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程為北京市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科,具有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)。
北京交通大學(xué) 土木工程一級學(xué)科博士學(xué)位授予權(quán);橋梁與隧道工程、巖土工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程、道路與鐵道工程、地下工程、環(huán)境巖土工程、城市軌道交通等13個專業(yè)具有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán);設(shè)有土木工程博士后流動站,可接受國內(nèi)外的博士進(jìn)站工作。其中橋梁與隧道工程、道路與鐵道工程為鐵道部重點(diǎn)學(xué)科,巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程為北京市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科。
北京科技大學(xué) 中國工程院院士(兼職)1名,博士生導(dǎo)師6名,教授11名,副教授9名,高級工程師4名。其中具有博士學(xué)位者17人,有“巖土工程”、“結(jié)構(gòu)工程”、“防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程”3個研究生專業(yè)可授予碩士學(xué)位,“巖土工程”博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)
華南理工大學(xué) 有結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)和結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程學(xué)科的碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)。土木工程博士后流動站。
中南大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程、橋梁與隧道工程博士點(diǎn),橋梁與隧道工程、道路與鐵道工程2個國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
華中科技大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士授予權(quán)
武漢理工大學(xué) 土木工程一級學(xué)科博士點(diǎn)和土木工程博士后流動站,2個部級重點(diǎn)學(xué)科:結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程
上海大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士點(diǎn)
西南交通大學(xué) 橋梁與隧道工程國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科,結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與防護(hù)工程、橋梁與隧道工程、巖土工程有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)
沈陽建筑大學(xué) 2003年10月經(jīng)教育部批準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)工程學(xué)科為聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)博士研究生學(xué)科,目前已與大連理工大學(xué)聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)博士研究生。
北京建筑工程學(xué)院 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士點(diǎn)
湖南大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
河海大學(xué) 土木工程博士后科研流動站,南京工業(yè)大學(xué) 巖土工程專業(yè)具有碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)、國家建設(shè)部重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
福州大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、橋梁與隧道二個博士點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)工程、水工結(jié)構(gòu)工程、橋隧工程、巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程、工程力學(xué)六個碩士點(diǎn)。
鄭州大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士點(diǎn),防災(zāi)減災(zāi)及防護(hù)工程、巖土工程、道路及鐵道工程碩士點(diǎn)
廣西大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程國家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
四川大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士點(diǎn)
西安理工大學(xué) 土木工程博士后科研流動站,結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程博士點(diǎn)
西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士點(diǎn)
哈爾濱工程大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士點(diǎn)
大連理工大學(xué) 土木工程一級博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)、博士后流動站。結(jié)構(gòu)工程省級重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
東北大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)工程省級重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
成都理工大學(xué) 巖土工程專業(yè)具有碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)
遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué) 巖土工程和防災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程具有碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)
貴州工業(yè)大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士授予點(diǎn)
廣東工業(yè)大學(xué) 巖土工程碩士點(diǎn)
深圳大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士學(xué)位授予點(diǎn)
山東科技大學(xué) 巖土工程博士學(xué)位授權(quán)點(diǎn)、碩士學(xué)位授權(quán)點(diǎn)(結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程)
長安大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士點(diǎn)
長沙理工大學(xué) 橋梁與隧道工程學(xué)科博士點(diǎn)、橋梁與隧道工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士學(xué)位點(diǎn)
蘭州交通大學(xué) 橋梁與隧道工程博士點(diǎn),橋梁與隧道工程、巖土工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程碩士點(diǎn)
蘇州科技學(xué)院 結(jié)構(gòu)工程碩士學(xué)位授權(quán)點(diǎn),結(jié)構(gòu)工程省級重點(diǎn)建設(shè)學(xué)科。
中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 土木工程一級學(xué)科博士后科研流動站;具有巖土工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程和工程管理學(xué)科博士學(xué)位授予權(quán);在巖土工程、結(jié)構(gòu)工程、工程管理、橋梁與隧道工程等學(xué)科具有碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)
合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士學(xué)位授權(quán)點(diǎn);有結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士授權(quán)點(diǎn);
中國地質(zhì)大學(xué) 博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)(地下建筑工程、巖土工程、鉆井工程)
貴州工業(yè)大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士授予點(diǎn)
西安交通大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、巖土工程碩士授予點(diǎn)
華僑大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程博士點(diǎn)、防災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程碩士授予點(diǎn)
廣州大學(xué) 結(jié)構(gòu)工程、防災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程碩士授予點(diǎn)
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學(xué)位授予單位名稱 整體水平分項(xiàng)指標(biāo)
學(xué)術(shù)隊(duì)伍 科學(xué)研究 人才培養(yǎng) 學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)
排名 得分 排名 得分 排名 得分 排名 得分 排名 得分
同濟(jì)大學(xué) 1 88.96 1 88.60 1 84.41 1 87.72 2 99.39
清華大學(xué) 2 83.96 2 85.80 2 76.05 2 81.31 1 100
哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 3 78.80 3 82.13 4 75.70 4 68.45 3 94.44
浙江大學(xué) 4 77.70 6 78.97 5 75.55 5 67.88 4 93.18
大連理工大學(xué) 5 75.83 4 82.05 6 72.69 7 65.66 7 88.12
東南大學(xué) 6 73.78 5 79.01 11 66.61 10 65.02 5 92.74
河海大學(xué) 7 73.25 14 71.59 3 75.77 11 64.51 12 81.95
西南交通大學(xué) 8 73.20 7 77.89 7 69.12 6 67.29 9 83.33
湖南大學(xué) 9 71.08 13 72.44 10 68.31 13 64.31 8 83.60
天津大學(xué) 10 70.49 12 72.88 17 64.41 17 63.23 6 88.61
中南大學(xué) 11 70.38 11 73.33 9 68.49 9 65.27 16 77.33
北京交通大學(xué)(原北方交通大學(xué))12 69.62 10 73.65 19 63.87 11 64.51 11 82.50重慶大學(xué) 13 69.34 16 68.76 14 65.08 8 65.63 10 82.72
西安建筑科技大學(xué) 14 69.28 9 73.85 13 65.41 16 63.35 14 79.15
華南理工大學(xué) 15 67.78 15 70.74 16 64.43 18 62.27 15 77.94
華中科技大學(xué) 16 67.75 20 65.71 15 64.86 14 63.93 13 80.36
武漢理工大學(xué) 17 67.55 17 68.51 12 66.44 15 63.56 18 73.76
冶金部建筑研究總院 18 67.47 8 74.51 8 68.53 26 60.09 21 67.43
福州大學(xué) 19 65.69 18 68.33 18 63.96 19 61.71 19 71.17
廣州大學(xué) 20 65.11 24 63.75 20 63.15 3 69.53 23 64.40
東北大學(xué) 21 64.98 21 65.69 23 62.28 21 61.31 17 73.98
廣西大學(xué) 22 63.17 22 64.24 21 62.47 22 61.30 22 65.72
哈爾濱工程大學(xué) 23 62.82 23 63.80 25 60.74 23 61.18 20 67.70
河北工程學(xué)院(原河北建筑科技學(xué) 24 62.72 19 68.06 24 61.38 24 61.12 25 61.38貴州工業(yè)大學(xué) 25 61.69 25 63.15 22 62.42 25 60.72 26 60.00
北京市市政工程研究院 26 61.25 26 60.00 26 60.60 20 61.35 24 63.69
第五篇:土木工程專業(yè)
土木工程專業(yè)介紹
該專業(yè)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握工程力學(xué)及工程結(jié)構(gòu)的基本理論,具有土建結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和施工技術(shù)管理能力。該專業(yè)包括建筑工程和交通土建工程兩個專業(yè)方向。
一、二年級學(xué)習(xí)相同的基礎(chǔ)課和專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課,三年級根據(jù)社會需求、學(xué)生興趣及成績,自由選擇專業(yè)方向。材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、水力學(xué)、土力學(xué)、建筑材料、房屋建筑學(xué)、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、房屋結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、橋梁工程、道路勘測設(shè)計、路基路面工程、施工技術(shù)與管理等。
建筑工程方向培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、建筑施工、建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)管理等方面的基本知識,畢業(yè)生可在建筑設(shè)計、城市建設(shè)、建筑公司、學(xué)校和科研部門從事建筑工程的設(shè)計、施工、管理、教學(xué)和科研等工作。
交通土建工程方向培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握道路、橋梁等土建工程的規(guī)劃、勘測、設(shè)計的基本理論,掌握道橋工程施工技術(shù)、工程經(jīng)濟(jì)分析、組織管理與養(yǎng)護(hù)維修等基本知識。畢業(yè)生可在交通部門、城市建設(shè)部門、學(xué)校、科研單位從事道橋工程的勘測、設(shè)計、施工、管理、教學(xué)和科研等工作。
房屋建筑工程專業(yè)
本專業(yè)在業(yè)務(wù)上培養(yǎng)能夠適應(yīng)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要,德、智、體全面發(fā)展,獲得房屋建筑工程師初步訓(xùn)練的高等工程技術(shù)應(yīng)用性人才。
本專業(yè)開設(shè)的主要課程有:建筑制圖、工程測量、建筑材料、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)、砌體結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑施工技術(shù)、建筑施工組織、建筑工程合同、工程概預(yù)算、工程建設(shè)監(jiān)理等。
工作崗位:建筑施工企業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)施工公司、市政施工公司、路橋施工公司的土木施工技術(shù)及工程管理人員;建設(shè)單位的基本建設(shè)管理人員;政府管理職能部門的土木工程管理、質(zhì)量監(jiān)督人員;房地產(chǎn)、市政開發(fā)公司的工程經(jīng)營管理人員;工程監(jiān)理公司的土木工程項(xiàng)目監(jiān)理人員。
橋梁與隧道工程
本專業(yè)培養(yǎng)能主動適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技發(fā)展需要,德智體全面發(fā)展,以橋梁和隧道工程施工、監(jiān)理、預(yù)算、管理、設(shè)計為方向,獲得橋梁與隧道工程師初步訓(xùn)練的高等工程技術(shù)應(yīng)用性人才。本專業(yè)開設(shè)的主要課程有:工程制圖、理論力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、地基與基礎(chǔ)、橋涵水文、橋梁工程、隧道工程、土木工程施工、工程概預(yù)算、土木工程招投標(biāo)等。
工作崗位:橋梁設(shè)計、施工;隧道設(shè)計、施工;公路工程監(jiān)理;港口、碼頭、機(jī)場、鐵道工程建設(shè);交通部門相關(guān)工作。